7067535 Ly Thuyet MAYA

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C l thuyt ca MAYA

Chng I : Tng quan v Maya .............................................................................. 4 1. Gii thiu v Maya.............................................................................................. 4 2: Giao din ca MAYA. ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.H thng Menu tu bin ............................................................................ 4 2.2.Thanh trng thi ........................................................................................... 5 2.3.Gi cng c ..................................................................................................... 6 2.4.B cng c QWERTY.................................................................................... 6 2.5.Khng gian hin th ..................................................................................... 7 2.6.B cng c chn giao din nhanh.......................................................... 7 2.7.Bng Channel................................................................................................. 8 2.8.Bng Layer...................................................................................................... 8 2.9.Nhm cng c iu khin hot cnh .................................................... 9 2.10.Lnh MEL....................................................................................................... 9 2.11.Dng thng tin tr gip......................................................................... 10 Chng II. Mt s tnh nng chnh ..................................................................... 10 1. Khng gian .......................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Khng gian XYZ ......................................................................................... 10 1.2 Khng gian UV............................................................................................. 11 2: Xem khung cnh. ............................................................................................. 11 3: Cc php bin i. ........................................................................................... 13 4: Cc ch hin th .......................................................................................... 14 5: i tng v thnh phn:............................................................................. 15 6: Hp truy cp nhanh HOTBOX ...................................................................... 17 Chng III. H thng dependency graph......................................................... 18 1. Nt vi nhng thuc tnh lin kt............................................................... 18 2. Thuc tnh ............................................................................................................ 19 2.1 Khi nim ...................................................................................................... 19 2.2 To v thay i thuc tnh...................................................................... 20 3. Lin kt ................................................................................................................. 21 3.1 Khi nim ...................................................................................................... 21 3.2 To lin kt ................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Input va Output .......................................................................................... 22 3.4 Lin kt dng vng .................................................................................... 23 3.5 Lin kt ph h ........................................................................................... 23 Chng IV - Dng hnh trong Maya.................................................................... 24 1. NURB...................................................................................................................... 24 1.1 ng cong Nurb ....................................................................................... 24 1.2. B mt NURB.............................................................................................. 25 1.3. Xy dng b mt ...................................................................................... 26 2. Polygon ................................................................................................................. 27 2.1. nh ngha ................................................................................................... 27 2.2. Thnh phn Polygon................................................................................ 28 3 . B mt Sub-Division....................................................................................... 29 4 . Qu trnh dng hnh ( contruction history)........................................... 30 [email protected] Page 1 6/11/2008 1


C l thuyt ca MAYA

5. Deformation ........................................................................................................ 30 Chng V Hot cnh (Animation) ...................................................................... 31 1.Key Frame Animation ....................................................................................... 31 2.Path Animation.................................................................................................... 33 3.Trax Animation .................................................................................................. 33 4. Reactive Animation (Chuyn ng tng tc) ...................................... 34 4.1.Set driven key............................................................................................. 34 4.2. Expresssion ................................................................................................. 34 4.3.Constraint...................................................................................................... 34 4.4.Connection .................................................................................................... 35 5. Dynamics.............................................................................................................. 35 6. Character Animation (Din hot nhn vt)........................................... 36 6.1.Skeleton and joints (H thng xng v khp) ............................. 36 6.2. Inverse kinematic( ng lc hc o).............................................. 37 6.3. H thng c v phng php to da. ............................................... 38 6.4.Flexors ............................................................................................................ 38 Chng 6: RENDERING ........................................................................................... 38 1.Thit lp vt liu v Texture.......................................................................... 39 2.nh Texture.......................................................................................................... 39 3.Vt liu ................................................................................................................... 39 3.1.Lambert.......................................................................................................... 39 3.2.Blinn................................................................................................................. 40 3.3. Phong............................................................................................................. 40 3.4.nh sng........................................................................................................ 40 3.5.Motion blur.................................................................................................... 40 3.6.Hardware rendering .................................................................................. 41 3.7.A-buffer rendering ..................................................................................... 41 3.8.Raytrace rendering .................................................................................... 41 3.9.Phng thc hot ng ca cc cng c Render. ......................... 42 3.10.IPR ................................................................................................................. 42 PHN II Demo ng chng khn kh ..........Error! Bookmark not defined. Kch bn ......................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 1 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 2 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 3 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 4 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 5 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 6 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 7 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Cnh 8 .....................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

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Phn I

Nghin cu c s l thuyt ca chng trnh Alias | Wavefront Maya 5.

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C l thuyt ca MAYA

Chng I : Tng quan v Maya1. Gii thiu v MayaMAYA, c ly tn t mt khi nim ca o Hindu v o Pht, c hiu l M Sng To. c hai hng Alias v Wavefront pht trin t gia nhng nm 1995 v chnh thc c ra mt vo nm 1998.Ngay t khi mi ra i , Maya to ra mt cuc cch mng trong vic thit k din xut , to ra cc hiu ng c bit trong khng gian 3D . Da trn nn tng l mt kin trc th tc c tn Denpendency Graph, mt kin trc gip cho MAYA tr thnh mt chng trnh 3D v cng mnh m v mm do d s dng v d nng cp .Ngy nay , Maya c p dng rt nhiu v chim th phn rt ln trong ngnh cng nghip 3D . Nhiu b phim hng u nh : "Final Fantasy-the spirit within" "Finding Nemo","Star War" , " Lord of the Ring " u c s ng gp ca Maya . Phin bn mi nht ca Maya l 5.0

2: Giao din ca MAYA.Khi bn khi ng MAYA, bn s c giao din sau y (nu bn khng thay i giao din ngm nh). Trong khng gian lm vic ny, bn c th chn nhiu cch khc nhau xem tc phm ca bn cng nh truy cp ti nhiu cng c khc nhau thay i thng s ca cc vt th 3D trong khung cnh.

2.1.H thng Menu tu bin

H thng Menu nm pha trn, cha nhng cng c, hnh ng to hay hiu chnh cnh v c th tu bin theo vic s dng ca mi ngi, mi thi im. c thay i bi bng chn MenuSet.

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H thng ny bao gm nm b: Animation Modeling Rendering Dynamics Live nhng cng c lm hot cnh. nhng cng c to, sa vt th 3D Phm tt: F2 Phm tt: F3

nhng cng c quy nh vic gn vt Phm tt: F4 liu v kt xut. b cng c gip to ra nhng hiu ng Phm tt: F5 c bit. b cng c gip ng b, chnh sa Phm tt: F6 phim.

H thng menu tu bin ny s gip bn tp trung hn vo cng vic ang lm.

2.2.Thanh trng thi

Thanh trng thi nm di Menu v gm: nhng cng c gip lm vic vi file ,

nhng cng c gip chn i tng v cc i tng con nh im, ng, mt,

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v nhng cng c dng snap (dnh) i tng.

2.3.Gi cng c

Gi ng cng c (Tool Shelf) l nhng Tab cha nhng cng c hoc hnh ng. Cng nh Menu, bn c th tu bin bng cch a thm cng c vo gi vI phm tt Alt-Ctrl-Shift

2.4.B cng c QWERTYNm pha bn tri mn hnh, l nhng cng c gip di chuyn, xoay hay bin i t l ca nhn vt mt cch trc tip. l: Chn vt th. Di chuyn vt th. Xoay vt th. Thay i t l. Phm tt: Q. Phm tt: W. Phm tt: E. Phm tt: R.

Hin th manipulator (cn Phm tt: T. iu khin ). Cng c cui cng c Phm tt: Y. chn.

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2.5.Khng gian hin thKhu vc ny c th c chia thnh nhiu panel khc nhau, em n nhiu cch khc nhau th hin, kin to hay nh gi khung cnh ca bn. Khng gian ny c th c tu bin bng nhiu cch

2.6.B cng c chn giao din nhanhNhm nhng cng c gip vic chn nhanh nhng h thng panel c sn, gip th hin mt cng on no ca cng vic bn ang lm. Bn c th dng chut phi c thm nhiu tu chn hn

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2.7.Bng ChannelBng channel nm pha bn phi, cho php bn theo di v thay i, to key cho nhng thng s ca i tng c chn. Bng channel cho php bn x l vI nhng gi tr thc v tt nhin, chnh xc hn nhiu so vi nhng cng c bin i QWERTY

2.8.Bng LayerTrong Maya, tn ti hai loi lp (Layer), l Lp hin th (Display layer) dng qun l i tng trong cnh, trong khi Lp kt xut (Render layer) th c dng qun l nhng phn render ring bit ca mi cnh.

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2.9.Nhm cng c iu khin hot cnh

Thanh trt thi gian cho bn thy khong thI gian ca hot cnh, cho thy v tr hin thI ca cnh cng nh nhng key ca I tng hay nhn vt c chn. Bn c th dng thanh trt ny xem qua hot cnh. Nhm cng c Playback, cho php bn chy, tua, tin, li quan st hot cnh.

Thanh trt Ranger: quy nh im bt u v kt thc ca hot cnh cng nh on s th hin trong hot cnh, iu ny rt hu ch khi bn mun tp trung vo mt on ngn ca mt hot cnh ln

Menu Character gip bn qun l v iu khin cc nhn vt

2.10.Lnh MELTng lnh MEL (MAYA embeded languages) n l c th c a vo trc tip t giao din, khng cn qua MEL Editor, trong khu vc nhp lnh v kt qu tr v s c hin th khu vc kt qu bn cnh.

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2.11.Dng thng tin tr gipDng thng tin tr gip nm y mn hnh cho bn mt s thng tin chnh v cng c hay menu m chut ca bn tr ti. Vi mt s hnh ng c nhiu bc, dng ny cng s hin th ni dung cng vic bc tip theo hon thnh tin trnh

Chng II. Mt s tnh nng chnh1. Khng gian1.1 Khng gian XYZ

-Khng gian trong MAYA c nh hnh bi 3 trc to , XY v Z. X c coi nh chiu rng, Y nh chiu cao v Z th nh su ca khng gian. Mi im trong h to ny c xc nh bi tp hp gm 3 gi tr (x,y,z) v l v tr tng i so vi gc to (0,0,0). gip bn xc nh cc trc ta c cc mu ngm nh : Trc X:

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http://www.ebook.edu.vn Trc Y: Trc Z: Xanh l cy Xanh nc bin

C l thuyt ca MAYA

d nh, ta c XYZ => RGB -Li nn(Grid): l mt b mt nn c to ra nhm lm vt tham chiu, gip bn nh hng d hn trong khng gian 3 chiu. Li ny c t trn mt phng XZ v ly trc Y lm php tuyn. -MAYA s dng trc Y lm trc cho chiu cao, v vy khi chuyn i gia cc chng trnh khc, c bit l CAD vi trc Z lm chiu cao, ta phi hoc xoay li m hnh trong MAYA hoc chuyn i trc hin th chiu cao ca MAYA sang Z.

1.2 Khng gian UVKhi xy dng b mt hay ng cong trong Maya chng c to ra vi khng gian to a phng c 2 chiu UV . Khng gian ny gip nh hng tt hn khi p vt liu ln b mt . lm vic trn khng gian UV , phi tin hnh lm sng b mt ( make surface live ) Image :)))))

2: Xem khung cnh.

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Trong khng gian MAYA, chng ta c rt nhiu khung nhn quan st vt th, l nhng khung nhn trc giao(Orthographic View), khung nhn phi cnh (Perspective View)v nhng khung nhn ca Camera +Nhng khung nhn ngm nh: l khung nhn phi cnh v 3 khung nhn trc giao: Trc, trn v tri. Khung nhn phi cnh cho php di chuyn vt th theo 3 trc XYZ trong khi 3 khung nhn cn li ch cho php di chuyn theo 2 trc. y l nhng khung nhn chun ngm nh khng ch trong MAYA m cn trong hu ht nhng chng trnh 3D khc. +iu khin camera trong khung nhn: Camera c th c iu khin d dng trong cc khung nhn ch vi chut v phm Alt . Ta c nhng thao tc sau: +Tumble (Xoay camera) Gi Alt + di chut tri

+Track (Di chuyn camera ln xung, tri phi)

Gi Alt + di chut gia

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+Dolly (Di chuyn camera ra vo) Gi Alt + di chut phi

3: Cc php bin i.Nhng php bin i l nhng s thay i v v tr, hng hay t l ca i tng trong khng gian. Ta c nt Transform lu tr tt c thng tin ca nhng php bin i ny v b cng c QWERTY nhm thc hin nhng php bin i mt cch trc tip thng qua nhng manipulator (cn iu khin). Mi cn iu khin ny c hnh dng khc nhau v u bao gm 3 trc XYZ vi 3 mu RGB phn bit. Nhng cn iu khin ny c thit k sao cho bn c th thc hn php bin i ln 1,2 hoc c 3 trc khng gian. +Cn iu khin ca cng c Move (Dch chuyn)

+Cn iu khin ca cng c Rotate (Xoay)

+Cn iu khin ca cng c Scale (T l)

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Pivot Point : im neo Nt transform c xy dng vI mt I tng c bit th c gI l im Neo . Cng ging nh cnh tay ngI c gn vo cI ch v xay quanh cI ch . im neo ny chnh l cI mc xoay hay bin I mt nt transform . VI vic thay I v tr ca im neo so vi nt , ta s c nhng kt qu khc nhau

4: Cc ch hin thMenu Shading cho php bn thay i cch hin th vt th. Mi cch hin th ny c th khc nhau mi khung nhn. Vi khung cnh cng tr nn phc tp th cng cn phi c cch hin th n gin. Kiu hin th ngm nh ca MAYA l wireframe(khung dy). Ta c cc cch hin th v phm tt nh sau. +Mc chi tit 1 Phm tt 1

+Mc chi tit 2 Phm tt 2

+Mc chi tit 3 Phm tt 3 +Wireframe(khung dy) Phm tt 4

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7067535 Ly Thuyet MAYA