60
1 1 Au Au Automotive Engineering Automotive Engineering utom utom Automotive Engineering Automotive Engineering motive motive e Eng e Eng ginee ginee 중앙대학교 중앙대학교 기계공학부 기계공학부 ring ring 공학박사 공학박사윤윤 자동차공학 자동차공학 개요 개요

A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

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Page 1: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

11

Au

Au Automotive EngineeringAutomotive Engineeringuto

muto

m

Automotive Engineering Automotive Engineering

motive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

ee 중앙대학교중앙대학교 기계공학부기계공학부

ring

ring

공학박사공학박사 윤윤 천천 한한

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 2: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

22 Chapter Chapter

Au

Au 11uto

muto

m

11

motive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

ee Engine Types and

ring

ring Their Operation

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 3: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

33 자동차자동차

Au

Au

•• 고도고도 문명문명 사회의사회의 필수적인필수적인 이기이기, , 운송운송 도구도구

–– 동력을동력을 발생시키는발생시키는 엔진을엔진을 이용하여이용하여 지상에서지상에서 움직이는움직이는 차량차량uto

muto

m

동력을동력을 발생시키는발생시키는 엔진을엔진을 이용하여이용하여 지상에서지상에서 움직이는움직이는 차량차량

•• 산업의산업의 꽃꽃 -- 대량대량 생산생산, , 가격과가격과 부가가치의부가가치의 기술기술 집약성집약성

motive

motive •• 문제문제

–– 안전안전

e E

ng

e E

ng

안전안전

–– 유해가스유해가스

–– 소음소음gin

ee

gin

ee •• 발전방향발전방향

–– High EfficiencyHigh Efficiencyring

ring –– Low Emission EngineLow Emission Engine의의 중요성중요성

–– High PowerHigh Power

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 4: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

44

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 5: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

55 EnginesEngines

Au

Au

• 원동기 (Prime mover)

자연계에 존재하는 여러 가지 형태의 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 바꾸어 동

uto

muto

m

자연계에 존재하는 여러 가지 형태의 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 바꾸어 동력을 발생시키는 기계

• 에너지 - 원동기

전기 전동기 물 수차 바람 풍차 열에너지 열기관

motive

motive

• 전기 – 전동기, 물 – 수차, 바람 – 풍차, 열에너지 - 열기관

• 열기관 (Heat engine)e E

ng

e E

ng

열기관 ( g )

열에너지를 기계적 에너지로 바꾸는 원동기

( )

gin

ee

gin

ee

– 내연기관 (Internal Combustion Engine)

• 왕복기관 (reciprocating engines) : 가솔린 기관, 디젤 기관

• 회전기관 (rotary engine) : gas turbine turbo jetring

ring

• 회전기관 (rotary engine) : gas turbine, turbo jet

– 외연기관 (External Combustion Engine)

• 왕복기관

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

왕복기관

• 회전기관

Page 6: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

66 Internal Combustion EnginesInternal Combustion Engines

Au

Au

The chemical energy contained in the fuel is released by The chemical energy contained in the fuel is released by combustion (burning or oxidizing the fuel) inside the enginecombustion (burning or oxidizing the fuel) inside the engineu

tom

uto

m

combustion (burning or oxidizing the fuel) inside the engine combustion (burning or oxidizing the fuel) inside the engine to produce mechanical power. The reactants and products to produce mechanical power. The reactants and products are the actual working fluids so that the work transfers are the actual working fluids so that the work transfers

motive

motive

occur directly between these working fluids and the occur directly between these working fluids and the mechanical components of the enginemechanical components of the enginee

Eng

e E

ng •• Reciprocating enginesReciprocating engines

–– SparkSpark--Ignition Engines (Gasoline /Otto /Petrol Engine)Ignition Engines (Gasoline /Otto /Petrol Engine)

gin

ee

gin

ee

–– SparkSpark--Ignition Engines (Gasoline /Otto /Petrol Engine)Ignition Engines (Gasoline /Otto /Petrol Engine)

((전기점화기관전기점화기관, , 가솔린엔진가솔린엔진) )

–– CompressionCompression--Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine)Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine)ring

ring

CompressionCompression Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine)Ignition Engine (Diesel Engine)

•• Gas turbinesGas turbines

•• RocketsRockets

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

RocketsRockets

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77 Heat Engine SystemHeat Engine System

Au

Au • 연료의 공급uto

muto

m • 열의 발생motive

motive

• 열의 전달

기계 일의 변환

e E

ng

e E

ng

• 기계 일의 변환

• 방열

gin

ee

gin

ee

방열

• 일ring

ring • 폐기물 처리

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요• 방출

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88 History 1History 1

Au

Au 1860s J J E Lenoiruto

muto

m

1860s J.J.E. Lenoir

- coal gas-air mixturemotive

motive - no compression strokee

Eng

e E

ng

- 6 hp , = 5%

1867 Otto -Langen

gin

ee

gin

ee

1867 Otto -Langen

- free piston and rack assemblyring

ring - slide valve control intake system

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

- = 11%

Page 9: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

99 History 2History 2

Au

Au 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine1876 Otto - 4 piston engineuto

muto

m - stratified charge induction system- stratified charge induction system

- 14%- 14%

motive

motive

- 14%- 14%

1884 Alphonse Beau de Rochas1884 Alphonse Beau de Rochase E

ng

e E

ng

-- The largest possible cylinder volume with the minimum boundaryThe largest possible cylinder volume with the minimum boundary

gin

ee

gin

ee

The largest possible cylinder volume with the minimum boundary The largest possible cylinder volume with the minimum boundary surfacesurface

- The greatest possible working speed- The greatest possible working speedring

ring - The greatest possible expansion ratio- The greatest possible expansion ratio

- The greatest possible pressure at the beginning of expansion- The greatest possible pressure at the beginning of expansion

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

g p p g g pg p p g g p

Page 10: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1010 History 3History 3

Au

Auuto

muto

m 1877 1877 -- 2 stroke engine2 stroke enginemotive

motive 1884 Daimler 1884 Daimler -- high speed engine 500 → 1000rpmhigh speed engine 500 → 1000rpme

Eng

e E

ng

1892 Rudolf Diesel1892 Rudolf Diesel -- Diesel engineDiesel engine

gin

ee

gin

ee

1892 Rudolf Diesel 1892 Rudolf Diesel -- Diesel engineDiesel engine

ring

ring 1957 Felix Wankel 1957 Felix Wankel -- Rotary engineRotary engine

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 11: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1111 FuelFuel

Au

Auuto

muto

m

Compression ratio < 4Compression ratio < 4

1907 William Burton 1907 William Burton -- thermal cracking processthermal cracking process

motive

motive

World War World War ⅠⅠ-- AdditiveAdditive-- tetraethyl leadtetraethyl lead

1940s1940s Los Angels Air poll tion problemLos Angels Air poll tion problem

e E

ng

e E

ng

1940s 1940s -- Los Angels Air pollution problemLos Angels Air pollution problem

1952 1952 -- Prof. A.J. Hagen SmithProf. A.J. Hagen Smithgin

ee

gin

ee

-- smog problem : NOx, UHC → smog problem : NOx, UHC → smogsmogrin

grin

g 1960s 1960s -- Emission StandardEmission Standard

1970s1970s Oil ShockOil Shock

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

1970s 1970s -- Oil ShockOil Shock

Page 12: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1212 Air PollutantsAir Pollutants

Au

Au

• CO : 무색 무취, 헤모글로빈과 결합 (산소의 240배 이상) → 조직의 저 산소증인지작용 및 사고 능력의 감퇴, 반사신경 저하, 졸음, 협심증, 무의식, 사망u

tom

uto

m • UHC : 조성에 따라 영향이 다름, 호흡기 자극, 산화 → aldehide; 눈, 점막, 피부 자극, 과산화 →광화학 스모그

motive

motive

미연소로 인한 고분자량 탄화수소 → 발암성, 돌연변이 유발

열분해로 인한 저분자량 탄화수소 → 눈염증, 기침, 재채기, 졸음e E

ng

e E

ng

• NOx : NO - 무색, 무취, 폐 질환 유발, 산소 반응 NO2화, 질산 생성

NO2 - 적갈색, 자극적 냄새, 호흡기 질환, 폐수종, 기관지염, 폐렴gin

ee

gin

ee • Sulfur dioxide : 무색, 자극적 냄새, 기관지염, 천식, 위장 장애, 산성비

ring

ring • Particulates : 폐질환 유발

• CO : 지구 온난화

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

• CO2 : 지구 온난화

Page 13: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1313 NoiseNoise

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motive

Exhaust system

Aerodynamics

Combustione E

ng

e E

ng

Intake system

Fan

Combustion process

Rotating

gin

ee

gin

ee

Fan

Engine Block

Rotating

Reciprocatingring

ring

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 14: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1414 GoalGoal

Au

Auuto

muto

m

High Efficiency

motive

motive

g y

e E

ng

e E

ng

High power

gin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g Low Emission

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 15: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1515 Engine ClassificationEngine Classification

Au

Au

Cycle 형식2 stroke engine (2행정 기관)uto

muto

m

2 stroke engine (2행정 기관)

4 stroke engine (4행정 기관)

열역학적 분류

motive

motive

Constant-Volume cycle engine (정적사이클기관, Otto Cycle)

Constant-Pressure cycle engine (정압 사이클기관, Diesel Cycle)

Combined Cycle engine (복합 사이클 기관 Sabathe Cycle)

e E

ng

e E

ng

Combined-Cycle engine (복합 사이클 기관, Sabathe Cycle)

점화 방식Spark-ignition engine (SI) (전기점화기관, 가솔린엔진)

gin

ee

gin

ee

Spark ignition engine (SI) (전기점화기관, 가솔린엔진)

Compression-ignition engine (CI) (압축착화기관, 디젤엔진)

Fuel injection spark ignition engine

Di t i j ti k i iti i (DISI) (직분식 전기점화기관)

ring

ring

Direct injection spark ignition engine (DISI) (직분식 전기점화기관)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (HCCI) (예혼합 압축착화기관)

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 16: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1616 FourFour Stroke Engine ComponentsStroke Engine Components

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motive

• Engine Body• Fuel Systeme

Eng

e E

ng

y• Intake System• Exhaust System

C li S t

gin

ee

gin

ee

• Cooling System• Lubricating System• Ignition Systemrin

grin

g

Ignition System

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 17: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1717 Nomenclature for Reciprocating EnginesNomenclature for Reciprocating Engines

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 18: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1818 Reciprocating Engine Displacement and Reciprocating Engine Displacement and Clearance VolumesClearance Volumes

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

ee

r V VBDC= =maxrin

grin

g

rV VTDCmin

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 19: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

1919 4 Stroke operating cycle and p4 Stroke operating cycle and p--V DiagramV Diagram

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 20: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

2020 2 Stroke Engine Operating Cycles2 Stroke Engine Operating Cycles

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 21: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

2121 The Merits of Two Stroke EngineThe Merits of Two Stroke Engine

Au

Au •• 장점장점

2배 출력 실제 1 7 1 8배

uto

muto

m

– 2배 출력- 실제 1.7-1.8배

– 구조간단- 저중량

– 피스톤 관성력 완화 -재료요구 약

motive

motive

피스톤 관성력 완화 재료요구 약

– 회전력 균일

– 역전 용이 - 선박 등 ; autobicycle 에 실용화, automobiles-e E

ng

e E

ng

orbital,GM

•• 단점단점

gin

ee

gin

ee

•• 단점단점– 소기펌프 소음

– 고 연료소비율 (무연소 배기도 기여)ring

ring

고 연료소비율 (무연소 배기도 기여)

– 윤활유 소비량

– 저효율

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

– 과열 용이-중앙 배기공 위치

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2222 Gasoline Engine and Diesel EngineGasoline Engine and Diesel Engine

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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2323 Operation ConditionOperation Condition

Au

Au 구분 가솔린엔진 디젤엔진uto

muto

m

흡입행정 혼합가스 흡입 순수공기

압축비 7 ~ 11 : 1 15 ~ 24 : 1

압축압력압축행정

motive

motive

압축압력 6 ~ 11 bar 30 ~ 40 bar압축행정

압축열 120 ~ 150 ℃ 500 ~ 650 ℃

점화 전기점화 압축열 점화

e E

ng

e E

ng

점화 전기점화 압축열 점화폭발행정

cycle연소 정적연소 정압 (Sabathe) 연소

배기온도 ~ 700 ℃ ~ 500 ℃gin

ee

gin

ee

CO량 3 ~ 6 % 0.1 %배기행정

열효율 ~ 30 % ~ 40 %

속도조절 흡입혼합가스량 분사연료량ring

ring

속도조절 흡입혼합가스량 분사연료량

연료소비율 230 ~ 300 g/psh 150 ~ 240 g/psh

특징 연소실 모양이 간단함 진동소음이 큼

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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2424 The Merits and DemeritsThe Merits and Demerits

Au

Au

• 장점

– 압축비 높아 열효율 높고 연료소비량 적다uto

muto

m – 저질 연료 사용 가능, 저연비

– 인화점 높아 안전성 높음

motive

motive

인화점 높아 안전성 높음

– 저속성능

– 점화, 기화 장치 없어 고장 적음

e E

ng

e E

ng

점화, 기화 장치 없어 고장 적음

• 단점

– 압축 연소 압력 높아 대형화

gin

ee

gin

ee

압축, 연소 압력 높아 대형화

– 소음, 진동

– 평균 유효 압력 낮아 ⇒ 저출력ring

ring

평균 유효 압력 낮아 ⇒ 저출력

– 과부하시 불완전 연소 ⇒ 매연

– 연료분사 장치 조정 어려움

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

연료분사 장치 조정 어려움

– 냉시동 곤란 ⇒대형 시동장치

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2525 Fuel SystemFuel System

Au

Au Gasoline Engineuto

muto

m

g1. Carburetor System1. Carburetor System2. TBI Fuel Injection System2. TBI Fuel Injection System

motive

motive

j yj y3. MPI Fuel Injection System3. MPI Fuel Injection System4. Gasoline Direct Injection System4. Gasoline Direct Injection Systeme

Eng

e E

ng

j yj y

Diesel Enginegin

ee

gin

ee

1. Inline System1. Inline System2. Common rail System2. Common rail Systemrin

grin

g

yy3. Unit injector System3. Unit injector System

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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2626 Fuel Supply SystemFuel Supply System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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2727 SI Engine SI Engine MixtureMixture RequirementRequirement

Au

Au Entire operating rangeEntire operating rangeuto

muto

m

Entire operating rangeEntire operating range

Optimum Air fuel Ratio Optimum Air fuel Ratio L F l C iL F l C i

motive

motive

Lowest Fuel ConsumptionLowest Fuel ConsumptionSmooth and Reliable OperatingSmooth and Reliable OperatingEmission ControlEmission Control

e E

ng

e E

ng

Emission ControlEmission ControlEGREGRSpeed LoadSpeed Loadg

inee

gin

ee

pp

Engine PerformanceEngine Performance

ring

ring

Efficiency Efficiency Emission ControlEmission ControlPowerPower

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

PowerPower

Page 28: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

2828 MixtureMixture RequirementRequirement

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motive

•• IdleIdle•• AccelerationAcceleratione

Eng

e E

ng

•• DecelerationDeceleration•• Full loadFull loadg

inee

gin

ee

•• Part loadPart load•• EmissionEmissionrin

grin

g

•• ControlControl

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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2929 CarburetorCarburetor SystemSystem

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 30: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

3030 MPI SystemMPI System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3131 TBI(SPI) SystemTBI(SPI) System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3232 GDI SystemGDI System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 33: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

3333 GDI PrincipalGDI Principal

Au

Auuto

muto

m

GDI엔진은가솔린연료를실린더내에직접분사하여

GDI 엔진이란GDI 엔진이란

motive

motive

GDI 엔진은가솔린연료를실린더내에직접분사하여초희박공연비 40:1에서도이상적인연소가가능한엔진

e E

ng

e E

ng

GDI 엔진의효과GDI 엔진의효과

펌핑로스저감및열손실저감으로연비 30%향상

gin

ee

gin

ee

펌핑로스저감및열손실저감으로연비 30% 향상

흡입공기냉각및압축비증대로엔진성능 10% 향상ring

ring 환원형촉매와대용량 EGR 밸브적용으로배기가스 30% 저감

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3434 Fuel Air Ratio ControlFuel Air Ratio Control

Au

Auuto

muto

m 흡입행정에분사

motive

motive

흡입 OR 압축

행정에분사

e E

ng

e E

ng

압축행정말기에분사

행정에분사

gin

ee

gin

ee

초희박공연비제어조건 :냉각수온 60℃이상 /엔진회전수 3000ring

ring

희박공연비제어 건 : 냉각수온 60℃이상 / 엔진회전수 3000 RPM 이하 / 엔진부하 50% 이하급가속시연료분사는성능향상을위하여흡기&압축행정에 2단분사

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 35: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

3535 GDI CombustionGDI Combustion

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3636 디젤엔진의디젤엔진의구조구조

Au

Au

• 실린더헤드• 연소실uto

muto

m

연소실• 실린더 블록• 피스톤

motive

motive

피스톤• 크랭크 샤프트• 플라이휘일e

Eng

e E

ng

• 캠샤프트• 과급기 (supercharger ; turbocharger)g

inee

gin

ee

• 냉각계통• 주유 (연료및 윤활유)계통rin

grin

g

• 연료공급장치• 전기장치

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3737 Example Diesel EngineExample Diesel Engine

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 38: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

3838 DirectDirect Injection SystemInjection System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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3939 Indirect Injection SystemIndirect Injection System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4040 2 Stroke Diesel Engine2 Stroke Diesel Engine

Au

Auuto

muto

m

Two Stroke Turbocharged

motive

motive

gMarine Diesel Engine

e E

ng

e E

ng

Bore 840mm

gin

ee

gin

ee

Bore 840mmStroke 2900mm79rpmrin

grin

g

p4 to 12 cylinders

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4141 InIn--Line Fuel Injection PumpLine Fuel Injection Pump

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4242 Fuel Line and Plunger PumpFuel Line and Plunger Pump

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4343 Common Rail SystemCommon Rail System

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4444 Common Rail InjectorCommon Rail Injector

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 45: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

4545 Unit InjectorUnit Injector

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4646 로터리로터리 엔진엔진

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 47: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

4747 로터리 엔진

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4848 로터리 엔진

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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4949 그 밖의 자동차용 원동기

Au

Au • 수소가스 엔진uto

muto

m

• 스털링 엔진

motive

motivee

Eng

e E

ng

• 하이브리드카– 2개의 동력원을 이용하여 구동되는 자동차를 말하며,

gin

ee

gin

ee

개의 동력원을 이용하여 구동되는 자동차를 말하며,가솔린엔진과 전기모터, 수소연소엔진과 연료전지, 천연가스와 가솔린엔진, 디젤엔진과 전기모터 등 2개의동력원를 함께 쓰는 차를 말한다 주로 가솔린엔진과rin

grin

g

동력원를 함께 쓰는 차를 말한다. 주로 가솔린엔진과전기모터를 함께 쓰는 방식을 많이 이용하고 있다.

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5050 배출가스의 정화대책

Au

Au • 자동차의 배출가스uto

muto

m

• 자동차의 배출가스– Exhaust gas• CO : 탄소가 불완전 연소시 발생

motive

motive

CO : 탄소가 불완전 연소시 발생( acceleration, idling )

• HC : 연료의 일부가 미연소 ( 농후한 혼합기)NO 고온 연소

e E

ng

e E

ng

• NOx : 고온 연소• Pb

– Blow-by gas

gin

ee

gin

ee

Blow by gas • 피스톤과 실린더의 틈새로 새는 연소가스

– Evaporation gasring

ring • 연료탱크, 기화기 등에서 증발

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5151 배출가스의 정화대책

Au

Au • 자동차의 배출가스uto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

ee 배출원 배출비율HC의 배출비율rin

grin

g 배기 가스 60%

블로바이 가스 25%

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요증발가스 15%

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5252 배출가스의배출가스의 정화대책정화대책

Au

Au

• 배기가스 정화대책완전연소

uto

muto

m

– 완전연소

– EGR(exhaust gas recirculation system)

motive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5353 배출가스의 정화대책

Au

Au

• 배기가스 정화대책PCV(positive crankcase ventilation system

uto

muto

m

– PCV(positive crankcase ventilation system

• 경부하시는 아주 적은 양의 블로바이가스가 고부하시에는많은 양의 블로바이가스가 실린더 위 로커 커버의

motive

motive

PCV(Positive Crankcase Ventilation) 밸브를 거쳐 연소실로들어간다.e

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5454 배출가스의 정화대책

Au

Au

• 배기가스 정화대책• Catalytic converteru

tom

uto

m

Catalytic converter– 3원촉매 변환장치는 배출가스 중의 CO,HC에 대해서

추가로 공급된 2차공기와 함께 산화시켜 CO2와H2O로 만들며 NO 에 대해서는 환원시켜 N2와 O2

motive

motive

H2O로 만들며, NOx에 대해서는 환원시켜 N2와 O2로 만든다.

e E

ng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5555 배출가스의배출가스의정화대책정화대책

Au

Au • 배기가스 정화대책uto

muto

m

– Stratified charge system

motive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 56: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

5656 배출가스의 정화대책

Au

Au

• 배기가스 정화대책EEC (evaporative emission control system)

uto

muto

m

– EEC (evaporative emission control system)

• Charcoal canistermotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

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5757 Flat type engineFlat type engine

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

ng

Porshe Boxster S

gin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 58: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

5858 Indicator diagramIndicator diagram

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 59: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

5959

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요

Page 60: A Automotive Engineering tom otiv En inee ring …pds11.egloos.com/pds/200901/12/25/a0103425_496b281bdd78f.pdf · 2009-01-12 · 9 History 2 A u 1876 Otto - 4 piston engine to m -

6060 FourFour Stroke Engine ComponentsStroke Engine Components

Au

Auuto

muto

mmotive

motivee

Eng

e E

nggin

ee

gin

eerin

grin

g

자동차공학자동차공학 개요개요