ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICEKalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.Contoh : Active :Wefertilizethesoilevery 6 months Passive:Thesoilisfertilizedbyusevery 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.3. Verb1(fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by.6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poinh odi bawah.Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut: Subject + be + Verb3+ by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensisa.Jika active voice dalamsimple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahis, amatauare.Contoh: Active : He meets them everyday. Passive : They are met by him everyday. Active : She waters this plant every two days. Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b.Jika active voice dalamsimple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwasatauwereContoh: Active : He met them yesterday Passive : They were met by him yesterday Active : She watered this plant this morning Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c.Jika active voice dalampresent perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliaryhasatauhave,sehingga menjadi has beenatauhave beenContoh: Active : He has met them Passive : They have been met by him Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes. Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d.Jika active voice dalampast perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliaryhad,sehingga menjadihad beenContoh: Active : He had met them before I came. Passive : Theyhad beenmet by him before I came. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here Passive : This planthad beenwatered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e.Jika active voice dalamsimple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeContoh: Active : He will meet them tomorrow. Passive : Theywill bemet by him tomorrow. Active : She will water this plant this afternoon. Passive : This plantwill bewatered by her this afternoon. Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week Passive : The cropsare going to beharvested by the farmers next week.

f.Jika active voice dalamfuture perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliarywill have,sehingga menjadi will have beenContoh: Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow. Passive : Theywill have beenmet by him before I get there tomorrow. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon. Passive : This plantwill have beenwatered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g.Jika active voice dalampast future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahbeenyang diletakkan setelah auxiliarywould have,sehingga menjadi would have been.Contoh: Active : He would have met them. Passive : Theywould have beenmet by him. Active : She would have watered this plant. Passive : This plantwould have beenwatered by her.

h.Jika active voice dalampresent continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, amatauare)+being.Contoh: Active : He is meeting them now. Passive : Theyare beingmet by him now. Active : She is watering this plant now. Passive : This plantis beingwatered by her now.

i.Jika active voice dalampast continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (wasatauwere) + being.Contoh: Active : He was meeting them. Passive : Theywere beingmet by him. Active : She was watering this plant. Passive : This plantwas beingwatered by her.

j.Jika active voice dalamperfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.Contoh: Active : He has been meeting them. Passive : Theyhave been beingmet by him. Active : She has been watering this plant. Passive : This planthas been beingwatered by her.

k.Jika active voice dalampast perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahhad been + being.Contoh: Active : He had been meeting them. Passive : Theyhad been beingmet by him. Active : She had been watering this plant. Passive : This planthad been beingwatered by her.

l.Jika active voice dalamfuture continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwill be + being.Contoh: Active : He will be meeting them. Passive : Theywill be beingmet by him. Active : She will be watering this plant. Passive : This plantwill be beingwatered by her.

m.Jika active voice dalampast future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwould be + being.Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : Theywould be beingmet by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plantwould be beingwatered by her.

n.Jika active voice dalamfuture perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwill have been + being.Contoh: Active : He will have been meeting them. Passive : Theywill have been beingmet by him. Active : She will have been watering this plant. Passive : This plantwill have been beingwatered by her.

o.Jika active voice dalampast future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalahwould have been + being.Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them. Passive : Theywould be beingmet by him. Active : She would be watering this plant. Passive : This plantwould be beingwatered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:1. Kokos nose isbleeding. He waspunchedby his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).2. The Indonesian football teamwas beatenby the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).3. These plantswere wateredby my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).4. There is no meal left. Allhas been devouredby Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).5. Englishis studiedby all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA)