At-1 Termicki Proracun Parnog Kotla

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[kW] (1)

[kW] (2)

(((( ))))larkr IIB QQ ====++++

(((( )))) (((( ))))zplkkzplrlokr TTHTTHAQQ ++++====++++ 44

Qr [kW] - ,

Qk [kW] - ,

Br [kg/s] - ,

[-] - ,

Ia [kJ/kg] - () ,

lI [kJ/kg] - ,

[kW] (1)

[kW] (2)

[kJ/m3K] (3)

(1)

(((( ))))larkr IIB QQ ====++++

(((( )))) (((( ))))zplkkzplrlokr TTHTTHAQQ ++++====++++ 44

[kW/m2K

4] - - (

) - = 5,67 10-11

kW/m2K

4,

Al [-] - ,

Hr [m2] - ,

pl [K] - ,

z [K] - ,

[kW/m2K] -

Hk [m2] - .

T l

la

llaasr TT

TcTcc

====

[kW] (4)

Vg [m3/kg] - .

(2) (4)

[kW] (5)

(5)

[kW] (6)

(((( ))))lasrgrkr TTcVB QQ ====++++

(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( ))))lasrgrzplkkzplrlo TTcVB TTHTTHA ====++++ 44

(((( )))) (((( ))))

====++++ 144

3

zplsrgr

kkzpl

srgr

arlo

cVB

H

cVB

THA

a

plpl T

T==== - ,

a

zz T

T==== -

a

ll T

T

==== -

.

[kW] (6)

(6)

,

.

(BrVg / Hk ) (6)

(7)

(8)

(((( )))) (((( ))))

====++++ 144

3

zplsrgr

kkzpl

srgr

arlo

cVB

H

cVB

THA

Stwc cVB

H

gp

k

srgr

kk ====

k

srgrgp H

cVB wc

====

,

(6)

(9)

-

(

, )

(10)

(9)

(11)

(12)

(((( )))) 01443

====++++ lzplsrgr

arlo

cVB

THA

33

aro

srgr

aro

gpk

TH

cVB

TH

wcHBo

========

(((( )))) (((( )))) 0144 ==== lzpllBoA

(((( )))) 01 44 ==== zll

pl A

Bo

,

-

(13)

(12)

(14)

n

.

,

. n, ,

.

n xl, (14), -

,

(((( )))) nlpl C 44 ====

(((( ))))zl >>>>>>>>

(((( )))) (((( )))) 014 ==== ll

nl CA

Bo

(15)

(16)

(16) Bo/Al < 10

(10)

Vgcsr

[kJ/kgK] (17)

Hr

[m2] (18)

(19)

, (17)

(1)

[kJ/kg] (20)

(((( ))))la

lasr TT

IIVc

====

zsrr FH ====

(((( ))))33

azsro

srr

aro

srgr

TF

VcB

TH

cVB Bo

========

(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( ))))lasrlar TTVc II Q ========

(16), (17), (19) (20) -

[m2] (21)

[oC] (22)

(21) , (22)

. ,

,

(22).

3

2

231

1

====l

a

lasrlo

rrz T

T

M

TMTA

QBF

(((( ))))

273

1

603

++++

==== ,

srr

alzsro

al

VcB TAF

M

Tt

(23)

= R/Fz - , ( = 0)

(24)

(23) (24) Apl .

)1)(1)(1(1

)1(

++++====

srpl

plpll A

AAA

srplpl

pll AA

AA

)1( ++++====

, -

q,

q1 q2 .

(25)

(26)

dqds p a q ====

apseqq ==== 12

,

(27)

.

(-, -

, ),

( ),

[1/mMPa] (28)

,

(29)

m .

eq

qqA apspl

====

==== 11

21

a [1/mMPa] - , p [MPa] - s [m] - .

21 klppng aaraa ++++++++====

(((( )))) nplsplpl AmmAA ++++==== 1

Aspl Anpl (27)

-

[1/mMPa] (30)

-

[1/mMPa] (31)

-

(ag rn), (ap lp), (12) (a) " ".

= 0,1 .

[m] (32)

Vl [m3] - .

ngaraa ++++====

ngraa ====

z

l

F

V,s 63====

(33)

Qre . (x1Qre) , [(1 - x1)Qre] .

,

, x1 . , ,

(34)

(35)

x====

(((( )))) (((( )))) rererere QxxQxxQxQ 11111 21 ====++++====

(((( )))) xxxQ

Q

re

re ========

11 2

(36)

,

(37)

( )

" ".

e

r

re

re

F

H

Q

Qx ====

====

z

zii

z

rsr F

Fx

F

Hx ========

.

,

,

.

.

,

,

(38)

" "

,

,

, .

re

re

Q

Q

====

,

= x ,

(39)

.

,

,

. , "

",

(40)

z

ziisr F

F ====

lBxAM ====

A B [-] - ,

xl [-] - .

()

[kJ/kg]

() I t

tao = f (Iao ; l) [oC]

vvvlr

rao QQQI ++++====100

rrQ [kJ/kg] - ,

karpGvvrd

rr QQQQHQ ++++++++++++==== [kJ/kg]

l [%] - , l = 100 - (q3 +

q4 + q6 ) [%]

Qv [kJ/kg] -

Qv = (l -l - m )ozvI + ( l + m )

ohvI [kJ/kg]

Qvv [kJ/kg] -

(((( ))))ohvozvuhvzvuvv IIIIQ ======== zvu [kJ/kg]

()

[kJ/kgK]

, ()

[kJ/kg]

[kJ/kgK]

-

(((( ))))ao

aoao t

IVc ====

graoa rIII ++++====

r [-] -

grI [kJ/kg] - , ( lgr II ==== ).

(((( )))) (((( )))) (((( )))) ++++==== laoa VcrVcVc

(((( )))) lll tIVc ====

-

D = 22,222 kg/s

-

ps = 46 bar

-

ts = 450 oC

[oC]

,

[oC]

.

,

.

(((( ))))aa

a

It

Vc ====

(((( ))))

273

1

6,0

3

++++

====

srr

alzsro

al

VcB

TAFM

Tt

, , .

.

-

.

.

,

)

[kJ/kg]

)

[kJ/kg]

(((( )))) (((( )))) duir

pousgigub QhhB

DIIIQ ====++++====

(((( )))) (((( ))))uir

pousgigub hhB

DIIIQ ====++++====

) ()

) ()

)

[kJ/kg](((( )))) zvuzvousgigub IIIIIQ ====++++====

)

()

[kJ/kg](((( ))))ousgigub IIIQ ++++====

Igu [kJ/kg] - ,

Igi [kJ/kg] - ,

[-] - ,

ousI [kJ/kg] - ,

Dp [kg/s] - ,

hi [kJ/kg] - ,

hu [kJ/kg] -

Qd [kJ/kg] - .

a a a a a a

aa aa a x = 1, , -aa a a aa. K

a a a a a aa a

a a, a a a a a aa a

a a a aa a a.

a aa a a a aa a a,

aa a

[kJ/kg]

a a a aa a a a 5

a , a a aa

a a, a a a a, a

a a a.

a aa a a a a aa

aa " ".

izd

uldd QQQ ====

uldQ [kJ/kg] - a aa a a

a a izdQ [kJ/kg] - a aa a a -

aa a aa a a aa.

Jaa a a

[kJ/kg]310

====r

t B

tkHQ

a a aa -

a , a

a a , -

aa a

a aa . a a-

a a-

t1, a a - a t2.

k [W/m2K] - aa - a a ,

H [m2] - aa a a, t [C] - aa aa

aa a

Br [kg/s] -

a a aa

aaa a z a -

z , a a a a aaa aa

k, a - k. -a a m a -

m. Ta -a a tz1, tz2, tz3 tz4. K aa a a a-

1, a a- a 2.

aa a a a

a a a aa aa

a a a

a a a

[W/m2]

aa a a a, a a

a a a

[oC]

(((( ))))

(((( ))))

(((( ))))

(((( ))))

(((( ))))

====

====

====

====

====

242

43

32

21

111

ttq

ttq

ttq

ttq

ttq

z

zzk

k

zzm

m

zzz

z

z

++++++++++++++++====

21

21

11

kk

m

m

z

zqtt

a

[W/m2]

k [W/m2K] aa aa aa a a.

a , a a aa

a

[W/m2K]

a aa a -

aa a a (1/1), - aa a (z/z), a (m/m), aa aa (k/k) a a a (1/2).

(((( )))) (((( ))))2121

21

11

1 ttkttq

k

k

m

m

z

z

====++++++++++++++++

====

21

11

1

++++++++++++++++

====

k

k

m

m

z

z

k

a aa aa a aa a a

a k/k = 0. a, a a a a,

aa m/m 0. aa a a a , - aa a

[W/m2K]

O aa a a a aa ( a, aa, a a ,

aa a a a). a a aa

aaa a, aa a

a aa aa aa a aa

[W/m2K]

++++++++====

21

11

1 k

21

11

1

++++

====k

a aa aa a a -

(aa , aaa, a a a-

aaaa) 1/2 aa a

[W/m2K]

[W/m2K]

K a aa a a a

a a Qd a aa

[W/m2K]

++++====

1

1

1k

1====k

++++

++++++++

====

21

11

1

1

bd

QQ

k

a aa aa a a -

a aa a a

aa , aaaa a -

aa a aa aa a a, a

aa

a) a a aa aa

[W/m2K]

) a a a () aa aa

[W/m2K]

21

11

1

++++

====k

2211

11

xx

k++++

====

[-] - a a , [-] - a aa a x1; x2 [-] - aaa a

a aaa.

K aa a a

a a a

a.

a aa a a a (a a-

a) , a a a a - aa " ".

K aa aa a a

a

[W/m2K]

a a a a a a

[W/m2K]

(((( ))))rk ++++====1

++++==== rk xs

d

2

12

[-] - a , k [W/m2K] - aa , d [m] - a a aa, x [-] - a aa a aa, s2 [m] - a aa a aa r [W/m2K] - aa a.

K aa aa a k a a

a a

nm PrReCANu ====

Nu [-] - (Nu = k d / ) R [-] - (R = wg d / ) Pr [-] - a (Pr = cp g / ) [-] - a aa aaaa a ,

C [-] - a

m,n [-] - a a aa aaaa a .

d [m] - a a aaa,

[W/mK] - aa, wg [m/s] - a aa aa, [m2/s] - a aa, cp [J/kgK] - aa aa g [kg/m3] - a aa.

aa C aa m n a aa aaaa a a.

aa a -

aa a aa a

a

[W/m2K]

K a a a aa

a aa a a a.

T

TT

T

ATA

z

n

z

zor

++++

====1

1

2

1 3

z [-] - aa a , [-] - a a T, A = 1- e-aps T [K] - aa aa aa, Tz [K] - aa aa a aa n [-] - ; a a a ( ) n = 4, a

a a a ( a ) n = 3,6.

K aa a a 2 a a

aa a , , -

a a aa.

aa a a H a

[kJ/kg]

a aa a

a a, a a aa -

a a aa aa a

aa a a a x. a a a aaa aa ( a a

a) aa a a a a a

a, a a a a a a .

aa a

a a.

nm PrReCANu ====

310

====r

t B

tkHQ

a aa a a

a: a a, a aa, a a

a aa aa . Jaa a

a

[W]

a aa aa

[W]

tkHQt ====

(((( )))) (((( ))))uipgigupggggb ttcFwttcFwQ ======== wg ;w [m/s] - aa aa ( aa)

a ,

Fg;F [m2] - a a aa a ,

g; [kg/m3] - a aa a , cpg ;cp [kJ/kgK] - aa aa

a ,

tgi ;ti [C] - aa aa a a a

tgu ;tu [C] - aa aa a a a .

M aaa a aa aa-

aa ( aa) a

[kW/K]

[kW/K]

a aa aa

[W]

a

a a a aa a a

aa aaa.

gpggpgggpgggg CcMcVcFw ============ &&

CcMcVcFw ppp ============ &&

(((( )))) (((( ))))uigigug ttCttC ====

g

g

ui

gigu

C

C

t

t

tt

tt========

Kaa a aa a

a a a aa a

aaa. a aa, a

a, , a aa

a aaa.

Kaa a aa aa a

a

a) aaa

) aaa

Kaa a aa

aaa a a aaa aa

a aa a a a

aaa aa aa a

a a a aa .

Kaa a aa aa a

a

a) aaa

) aaa

aaa aa aa a

a a a a aa

. a , a a a

a aaa aa

a .

Kaa a aa aa a

a

a) aaa

) aaa

[oC]

a

a -

aa a

a, ,

aaa.

m

v

mv

tt

ttt

====ln

aa -

a a aa a-

a a a . T

aa aa a a a, a

aa a. M, a

a a (aa, a

a, a a a a a a

a a) a aa a.

K a a a a

aaa

aa, a aaaa a. a

aaaa, a aaa aa aa

a

[oC]

a a a a

a a " ".

ssmtt ====

[-] - t ssm [

C] - a aaa aa aa

aaa.

Ja aa

)

[kJ/kg]

)

[kJ/kg]

)

[kJ/kg]

aa a

[kJ/kg]

aa a a, a

a a aaa -0,02 < < 0,02

(((( )))) (((( )))) duir

pousgigub QhhB

DIIIQ ====++++====

(((( )))) (((( ))))uir

pousgigub hhB

DIIIQ ====++++====

(((( )))) zvuzvousgigub IIIIIQ ====++++====

310

====r

t B

tkHQ

b

tb

Q

QQ ====

Ka a aa aa a

a a a , a

a a aa aa.

Taa a aa ( ) a a

a a a 10 C, a aa aa aa a 40 C,

.

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At-1 Termicki Proracun Parnog Kotla