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V/v: Tm hiu mt s thng tin v ngnh Ha cht v cc chi ph logistic theo vng minKnh gi: ng Ch tch Hi ng thnh vin/Gim c

ng knh gi: Lnh o lin quanNi dung bo co : Tm hiu mt s thng tin v ngnh ha cht ca n & Chi ph Logistics theo vng minNhn nhn c nhn sau bi nghin cu ny:

Bi nghin cu ny l tm hiu chung v ngnh ha cht cng nh l o lng chi ph logistics ca ngnh. Bi c vit qua nghin cu 408 cng ty ca cc lnh vc khc nhau nh ha cht, nng sn, t, dt may, etc trong gn 100 cng ty sn xut v xut khu ha cht tham gia bi nghin cu. Bi nghin cu ch ra c nhng kh khn v chi ph pht sinh m cc cng ty gp phi trong vic qun l h thng logistics. Ngun tham kho em ng link phn cui ca bi vit.Bi nghin cu gip em c mt nh hnh c bn v cc chi ph logistics ca tng vng min cng nh hiu r hn th mnh ca ha cht ti n .Sau khi nghin cu bi ny em tng hp nhng thng tin di y mi ngi tham kho. Vic qun l chi ph logistics i hi:

Nhng linh ng v sang to ca bn th ba( hay gi tt l 3PL) trong khu qun l ny nh linh hot la chn phng tin vn chuyn sao cho tit kim thi gian vn chuyn v ch i; La chn phng php packaging ph hp th nht l khng nh hng cht lng hng khi vn chuyn v iu kin ng x hoc thi tit, th hai l thun tin cho vic bc d hng cng nh hi quan kim tra. Vi mt hng ha cht xut s lng ln, thng thng la chn tank container thay v dry container. La chn a im ng hng v bc d hng hp l v tit kim thi gian. y cn tnh ton thi gian ly empty container v thi gian vn chuyn t nh my sao cho hai qu trnh ny lm c xong xong s tit kim c thi gian ch i. Tm li l p dng phng php Just in Time(JIT) cho qun l thi gian order ca khch hng. Phng php ny vn cha c p dng cc cng ty ha cht n trong vic qun l logistics. V phng php ny cn s phi hp gia cc bn nh khch hng v nh cung cp. Pha khch hng cn c master plan cho nhu cu cc sn phm t c th c nhng k hoch trc cho qu trnh vn chuyn v sn xut a dng ngun cung t cc vng min khc nhau la chn u th v c trng tng vung min.I. Ci nhn chung v ngnh cng nghip ha cht n Ngnh cng nghip ha cht c nhn nh l mt trong nhng mt hng tim nng ca n , tr gi ngnh c tnh hn 35 t USD khong 3% GDP nm 2008, 108 t USD nm 2013, v tr gi bn hng t 115 t USD trong nm nay theo ICC, ng v tr th ba v mt sn xut Chu v hy vng s t mc 20% tng ngnh ha cht trn ton th gii trc nm 2050. Mong mun tng t 13-14% hng nm v sn lng trong vng 5 nm ti. V c tnh s t 350 t USD vo nm 2021.

Biu trn ni ln phn trm sn lng sn xut theo tng bang ca n . Sn lng ln nht l bang Gujarat vi 53% - bang ny c nh cung cp t cc thnh ph nh Ahmedabad, Gandinagar, th hai l bang Mahrashtra 9% bang ny c vn phng i din ca MDI Thane v Mumbai

Ngnh ha cht chia lm 6 mng chnh:1. Ha cht hu c: bao gm cc sn phm Methanol, Aniline, Alkyle Amines and its derivatives like Formaldehyde, Acetic Acid and Phenol2. Ha cht v c: caustic soda, chlorine

3. Sn phm ha du: Polymers, yarn, surfactants

4. Phn bn: NPK, Phosphate, Sulphate based, Urea

5. Sn phm nng ha hc: Pesticides, Fungicides etc

6. Ha cht chuyn mn: Paints, dyes, colorants, textile chemicals

7. Hoa cht cho ngnh xy dng nh adhesives, fixtures, sealants.Trong , ha cht chuyn mn chim sn lng cao nht v tng trng mnh nht

Tng sn phm ca ngnh c hn 70,000 sn phm thng mi, xut khu ch yu qua cc th trng Bc M, Ty u v Nht Bn

(S liu thng k nm 2009)

*Alkali Chemicals: Cht kimn chim gn 7% ton th gii v mt sn lng cho sn phm nhum vi 200,000 tn mt nm v hin ti ng th 3 th gii v tiu th sn phm polymers and ng th 4 v sn lng cho sn phm nng ha hc.Tng s lng u t cho ngnh t USD 60 t v to vic lm cho 1 triu ngi. Ngnh ha cht chim 14% tng kim ngach xut khu, 9% tng kim ngch nhp khu. Sn lng cao nht l bang Gujarat chim gn 51% tng sn xut c nc.II. Phn tch SWOT cho ngnh ha cht

1. im mnh Strengths Di do ngun nhn lc

Ngnh cng nghip tn ti nhiu nm v tch ly nhng kinh nghim v cc thnh phn ha hc, c iu kin p ng nhu cu kht khe ca ngi mua nc ngoi

Linh ng trong pht trin ha cht chuyn mn vi lng sn xut nh

Ngnh IT pht trin mnh to iu kin trin khai p dng vo ch bin ha cht2. im yu Weaknesses

Yu trong khu R&D

Thiu c s h tr trong h thng logistics

Thiu k nng marketing sn phm trn th gii

Chlor-alkali industry ph thuc vo nhp mng chn3. C hi Opportunities Pht trin cc khu kinh t c bit v PCPIR

Ngun nguyn liu c sn kt hp vi ngun nhn lc di do to ra vic lin kt cng ngh4. S e da Threats Cc cng ty Trung Quc ang c c s u tin t chnh ph

Cng ngh tin tin t cc nc phng ty Nghim ngt v lut mi trng

III. Thc trng ca h thng Logistics cho ngnh ha cht n nh sau:1. H thng nh xng: H thng nh xng cha c kho tch bit cho cc loi ha cht nguy him CFS. Thiu h thng kim tra hng ha trc khi xut hng Cch gii quyt l cc cng ty trang b h thng tin tin kim tra hng, c th s dng chung gim thiu chi ph

2. R&D: Qu trnh pht trin sn phm mi i hi cc cng ty phi i 3 thng cho qu trnh ng k. Khi c ph chun th sn phm c th mt li th cnh tranh trn th trng.

3. Vn xut hng: Cha c mt phn nh r rt cc mt hng gi i, thng dn n tnh trng hng ha ln xn ti cng.4. Logistics: Cc sn phm ha cht nguy him thng phi chu mc gi chuyn pht cao v chu cc chi ph ngoi l khc lm gim li nhun ca cc nh xnk.

Vic chm tr v thi gian v pht sinh chi ph trong khu Logistics vn nm ngoi kim sot ca cc nh xut nhp khu. Nguyn nhn thng l: Vic ly container rng thng mt t 2-3 ngy.

Vic xin giy php cho cc mt hng ha cht nguy him t hng tu mt hn 1 tun ng hng container mt 2 ngy Delhi sau di chuyn container t kho ca nh sn xut n ICD ( bn knh l 30Km)

Ti ICD li mt thm 3 ngy na gom 80-90 containers cho hnh trnh n cng JNPT

Ti cng nu gp tu chy lun nu khng s li mt thm thi gian l 7 ngy cho tu tip theo

Trong trng hp khng i bng ng tu m di chuyn bng ng b th s mt ph thu kho bi ngoi cng n khi tu cp bn.Theo nh bi nghin cu ca Deloitte th di y l nhng nhn t ca ngnh logistics nh hng n ngnh chemical nh bng sau

IV. Chnh sch khuyn khch t pha chnh ph n cho ngnh Chemical1. Khuyn khch ca m hnh PCPIR ( Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Regions) bao gm cc nh my sn xut nguyn vt liu tr gip cho pht trin ngnh. D n ny bao gm cc khu kinh t c bit, khu cng nghip, khu Free trade v khu nh xng mc tiu l gim chi ph logistics ca ngnh2. Chnh ph cng thit lp khu Plastic Parks tn dng cc sn phm nha qua s dng

3. Chnh ph cung cung cp u t pht trin R&D cho ngnh cng nghip

4. Bt u tin hnh 50% cc cng ty cho ng k tiu chun REACHV. Chi ph logistics theo vng min

1. Vng pha ty (West zone)Vng ny bao gm hai bang l bang Maharashtra v Gujarat, pha ty ca vng l gip bin. Nhng thc trng vng ang gp phi nh sau: H thng ng x cn km nh tuyn ng t Nasik i JNPT, Silvassa i JNPT, tuyn ng NH4 B i t Phalava Phatak i JNPT.

Lun xy ra tnh trng tc nghn ti cng cui mi qu ca nm

H thng EDI cha hot ng n nh dn ti vic lu tr cc n hng b mt v khng qun l cht ch.

VAT: Thu ny nh c trn nguyn vt liu dng ng gi hng ha v th gp phn tng gi tr ca FOB. Thc t, thu ny khng nn p dng trn nguyn vt liu ny v nguyn vt liu ny dung ng gi hng ha cho xut khu Logistics: Vic vn chuyn hng ha bng ng b c th chm v tin thi gian do c quan thu nhp th kim tra customs noted shipping bill. Vi th i hi shipper cn phi c i din ly customs notified shipping bill c php i n cng bin.

Ngoi ra, mt s chi ph ly bi hng tu nh chi ph mt do chnh lch t gi hay l gi tng xng du. Cho cc hng ha nguy him nh mt hng ha cht th b ly ph l $150 trn mt container. Theo l ly ph tng ca cho ngy l.

Di y l mt s thng tin chi tit ca hai bang vung pha ty

1.1 Bang Maharashtra:

Bang Maharashtra m thnh ph ln l Mumbai, tip gip vi bang Gujarat v Karnataka. Hu nh cc cng ty chn vn chuyn hng n cng JN port. Cc nh xut khu ch yu t Nashik, Pune, Kolhapur, Ratnagiri, Nagpur, Aurangabad, North Karnataka, v pha nam ca bang Gujarat.Ly v d v chi ph logistics vic vn chuyn mt container 20ft t Kolhapur n JNPT( gn 370 km ng b) nh sau:

Hng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b23,000$37760.53%1.0

CHA charge hay chi ph HQ5,000$8213.16%0.5

Terminal Handling Charges6,000$9815.79%-

Documentation Charges1,000$162.63%0.5

Others(Detention Charges) eg 3 days; 1000 INR/day3,000$497.89%3.0

Total38,000$622100%5.0

1.2 Bang GujaratHu nh cc sn phm c xut khu qua cng ICD Sabarmati ca thnh ph Ahmedabad bao gm nguyn liu bng, thuc nhum, inox, dc phm, marbles, vi bng cho, thc phm, my mc, dy chuyn ch bin, sn phm nng sn. Ly v d v chi ph logistics vic vn chuyn 1 container 20ft t cng ICD Sabarmati n JNPT (Khong 560Km ng b)

Hng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b (Bn knh l 50Km)3,500$5713.91%1.0

Chi ph bng ng tu n cng11,160

$18344.36%2.0

Chi ph Hi quan2,500$419.94%0.5

Terminal Handling6,000$9823.85%-

Documentation1,000$163.97%0.5

Others(Detention Charges) eg 3 days/ 1000 INR/day1,000$163.97%1.0

Total25,160$411100%5.0

2. Vng pha ng ( East Zone)Vng pha ng giao dch thng mi quc t ch yu din ra cng bin thuc bang West Bengal ni c thnh ph Kolkata/Haida port l ca ng cho xut khu. Bn cnh West Bengal cng l ni giao thng gia n v Bangladesh. Ngoi ra cn c ICD Amingaon gn Guwahati. Vng c v tr a l thun li giao thng c t lin v qua bin. Di y l nhng yu im cn lu khi giao thng qua vng ny: ng x i n cng bin lun tnh trng xu. ng ti cng Haldia, t Jharkhand n Haida hay t Falta n Kolkata cha c h thng ng t mc tiu chun.

Dch v ti cng cha tt.

Khng c dch v thng xuyn n Chittagong ( 1 thnh ph ca Bangladesh) t Kolkata. Cc hng ha phi qu cnh qua Singapore t 10-15 ngy vi chi ph l $1,500. Trong khi ch mt t $300 n $400 cho mt container 20ft vn chuyn t Kolkata n Chittagong.

Di y l chi ph cho vic di chuyn container 20ft t Hugli n Kolkata ( 151 km ng b)Hng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b5,000$8215.50%1

CHA charge hay chi ph HQ3,500$5710.87%1

Terminal Handling Charges5,000$8215.53%-

Documentation Charges1,500$254.66%-

Congestion surcharge @ US$ 150 per 20ft 6,750$11120.96%-

Bunker surcharge @$110/20ft 4,950$8115.37%-

Others(Detention Charges) eg 3 days and OPEs; 1000 INR/day5,500$9017.08%3

Total32,200$528100%5.0

Nu di chuyn mt xe ti 10 tn t Kolkata n Bangladesh chi ph s c c tnh nh sauHng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b12,000$19755.05 %2

CHA charge hay chi ph HQ2,000$339.17 %1

Documentation Charges1,500$256.88 %-

Coolie Charges2,000$339.17 %-

Others(Detention Charges) eg 3 days and OPEs; 1000 INR/day4,300$7019.72 %4

Total21,800$358100%7.0

3. Vng pha bc(North Zone)y l vng tp trung ca cc khu cng nghip. ICD vng ny tip ni vi cc cng bc d container ca Mundra, Kandla, Pipavav v JNPT. Tuy nhin h thng ng x xung quanh New Delhi cn cha ln phc v lng hng giao dch y. H thng ng tu ha cha kt ni ICD Pithampur vi Ralam hn ch vic xut khu l nguyn nhn vic vn chuyn n cng JNPT mt n 10-15 ngy. Nu di chuyn bng ng b qua NH3 cng gp vn tc nghn thng xuyn xy raDi y l chi ph logistics t New Delhi n JNPT cho mt container 20ft (1,431 km ng b)Hng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b - bn knh l 30km t ICD)5,000$8112.78 %1.0

Vn chuyn qua ng tu23,120$37959.10 %2.5

Custom3,000$507.67%0.5

Terminal Handling6,000$9815.34 %-

Documentation1,000$162.56 %0.5

Others1,000$162.56%1.0

Total39,120$640100 %5.5

Tip theo y l chi ph logistic t Pithambur city MP n JNPT ( 591km ng b)Hng mc chi ph xut khu cha bao gm sea freightCost (INR)Cost(USD)Cost(%)Time(Days)

Chi ph vn chuyn ng b - bn knh l 100km t ICD)8,300$13625.61 %1.0

Vn chuyn qua ng tu13,115$21540.46%10.0

Custom3,000$509.25%0.5

Terminal Handling6,000$9818.51%-

Documentation1,000$163.08%0.5

Others1,000$163.08%1.0

Total32,415$531100 %13.0

4. Vng pha nam South ZoneVng pha nam ch yu xut khu cc mt hang nh textile, ha cht, food processing, ngnh t v cc bn thnh phm t. Cc cng ty vng ny ch yu xut khu qua cc cng nh Chennai, JNPT, Vizag, Cochin, v Tuticorin. a l vng ny giap bin v rt gn vi Srilanka, hng v pha ng Nam . V mt thng mi, cc chuyn bay t Chennai, Cochin i sang cc nc ng nam rt r. Vng cng gp phi mt s yu im nh thi gian transit di, khng c my scanning pallets di hn 1200mm sn bay Coimbatore. Cn cha c h thng tu ha hon chnh kt ni cc thnh ph ln trong vng

Hyderabad n cc cng bin khc nhau bng ng bJNPTCng Chennai

Cc chi ph LogisticsChi ph (USD)%Thi gian (Ngy)Chi ph (USD)%Thi gian (Ngy)

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng b$36160.27%2$36164.14%2

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng st00%0000

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng thy00%0000

Chi ph ti kho CFS/ICD/ nh xng,$8213.70%2$4600

CHA/m hi quan$416.85%2$418.16%1

Terminal Handling Charges$9816.44%$9817.49 %

Documentation charge$132.19%$81.46%

Chi ph khc$30.55%1$81.46%1

Tng$598100%5$562100%4

Di y l bng v chi ph Logistics cho 1 Container 20ft t Coimbatore n cc cng di y bng ng b

Coimbatore n cc cng bin khc nhau bng ng bCochin Port TrustCng ChennaiCng Tuticorin

Cc chi ph LogisticsChi ph (USD)%Thi gian (Ngy)Chi ph (USD)%Thi gian (Ngy)Chi ph (USD)%Thi gian (Ngy)

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng b$23056 %1$29565%1.5$23861%1

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng st00%0000000

Chi ph vn chuyn bng ng thy00%0000000

Chi ph ti kho CFS/ICD/ nh xng,$7418 %2

$337%1$256%1

CHA/m hi quan$205%$204%$338%

Terminal Handling Charges$6616%$9521 %$7920%

Documentation charge$102%$82%$133%

Chi ph khc$82 %0.5$00 %00-

Tng$408100%3.5$451100%2.5$388100%2

Di y l tn cc cng ty ln n v Chemicals, bng xp theo doanh s bn hng

Reference: nmcc.nic.in/pdf/NMCC_FinalReport_June2011.pdf