Bao Cao Thuc Tap Quoc An

7/30/2019 Bao Cao Thuc Tap Quoc An

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Bo co thc tp a k thut xy dng Hc vin: V KHC AN

BO CO THC TP

A K THUT XY DNG

1. Gii thiu v D n thy li Omon-Xano:

Tiu d n Mn - X No (OMXN) thuc d n pht trin thy li ng bng sngCu Long nm khu vc trung tm ca ng bng sng Cu Long. Mc tiu pht trin catiu d n OMXN l bo v v tng cng s dng ti nguyn nc v phng chng xmnhp mn vng tiu d n. Cc hot ng ca tiu d n OMXN s c thc hin trong 3nm giai on: Giai on 1 (2010 - 2011): Xy dng cng cp 2, giai on 2 (nm 2012):no vt h thng knh.

1.1. Tn d n: D n khp kn tuyn , cng vng Mn - X No giai on 1, tnhHu Giang, Kin Giang, Thnh ph Cn Th thuc D n: Qun l thy li phc v PTNTvng ng bng sng Cu Long (WB6).

1.2. a im xy dng: tnh Hu Giang, Kin Giang v TP. Cn Th.1.3. Phm vi d n:

Cc tiu d n OMXN nm trung tm ca ng bng sng Cu Long tip gip ving vi knh Tc ng Thc, phng Ty vi sng Ci T, min Nam vi knh X No vmin Bc vi knh, rch Mn.

Din tch t nhin khu vc d n l 45.430 ha, bao gm mt phn ca huyn Phongin, C v qun Mn thnh ph Cn Th, mt phn ca huyn Chu Thnh A, T.PV Thanh v huyn V Thy, tnh Hu Giang, mt phn ca huyn Ging Ring, G Quao

ca tnh Kin Giang (8 qun huyn)Tnh Hu Giang bao gm TP V Thanh (Tn Vi & phng 7), huyn V Thy (V

ng, V Thanh, Vi Bnh x), huyn Chu Thnh A (Tn Ha, Tn Thun, Trng LongTy, Trng Long A, Nhn Ngha A x, th trn Mt Ngn);

Tnh Kin Giang bao gm huyn G Quao (Vnh Ha Hng Bc, Vnh Ha Hng Namx), huyn Ging Ring (Ha Hng, Ha Thun, Ha Li, x);

Thnh ph Cn Th bao gm qun Mn (Chu Vn Lim, phng Trng Lc),huyn Phong in (Tn Thi, Nhn i, Trng Thanh Long x), huyn C (Trng

Xun, Thi Thnh, Trng Xun A, nh Mn, Trng Thanh x, th trn Thi Lai)Phm vi ca tiu d n OMXN

- Xy dng thm tuyn cng cp 2

+ Cng m: C tng cng 68 cng m

+ Cng dn nc: C tng cng 31 tuyn cng

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- No vt KH8, KH9, knh Tc ng Thc v mt s knh cp 2.

+ Knh chnh: knh Tc ng Thc vi chiu di 10,50 km.

+ Knh cp 1: Bao gm knh KH8 vi chiu di 29,58 km v knh KH9 vi chiudi 43,05 km.

+ Knh cp 2: Bao gm 92 knh vi tng chiu di 288,22 km.

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Khu vc tiu dn OMXN


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Hnh 1: V tr ca tiu d n OMXN

1.4. Hnh thc u t: Xy dng mi.

1.5. Ch u t : Ban Qun l d n u t v Xy dng Thy li 10 - B Nngnghip v Pht trin nng thn.

1.6. Hnh thc qun l thc hin d n: Ch u t trc tip qun l thc hin DA.

1.7. Nhim v cng trnh:

- Kim sot l c nm cho khong 45.430 ha t t nhin, m bo sn xut nngnghip n nh, bo v vn cy n qu v h thng h tng c s.

- Phc v ti, tiu, x phn, ngn mn, ly ph sa ci to t cho 38.800 ha t nngnghip

- Kt hp cp nc dn sinh, pht trin giao thng thy b, to nn dn c, ci thinmi trng trong khu vc.

Mc tiu ca tiu d n s c thnh tu t c trong trong (i) ngn mn, tiu ng,x phn v lu tr nc ngt ti ch phc v sn xut nng nghip n nh trong vng dn. Ton b din tch tiu d n s m bo 2-3 v la , (ii) To iu kin thun li cho spht trin giao thng ng thy, v (iii) ng gp vo vic phn b li lao ng mt cchkhoa hc v hp l. Vi tiu d n ny, c th mang li thun li trong quy hoch pht trinsn xut nng nghip. S lng ngi hng li t tiu d n: 250,465 ngi. Din tch tnng nghip l 41.123 ha s c ngn nga xm nhp mn v m bo n nh 2-3 v minm.

1.8. Quy m cng trnh:Ni dung thc hin ca tiu d n OMXN l ng iu v h thng cng trong khu

vc Mn X No. Tiu d n c chia lm 2 giai on. Giai on u: OMXN1: Tiu dn bao gm cc hng mc sau: Xy dng 99 cng, ci to v nng cp 16 km ca Xano;v lp t cc h thng gim st, kim sot, v phn tch d liu (SCADA). Giai on thhai: OMXN2: No vt knh chnh v ph: 10,5 km knh chnh (Tc ng Thc); No vt 59knh cp 2; v xy dng cu Nc c 2 (chiu di 45 m v chiu rng 4,5 m) tnh HuGiang ( cy cu ny nm ngoi khu vc thy li OMXN).

Khu vc tiu d n c din tch 45.430 ha, bao gm mt phn ca tnh Cn Th, Hu

Giang v Kin Giang. Khu vc tiu d n bao gm mt phn ca cc huyn Phong in, C v qun Mn thnh ph Cn Th; mt phn ca huyn Chu Thnh A, huyn V Thu,TP V Thanh, tnh Hu Giang; v mt phn ca huyn Ging Ring, huyn G Quao tnhKin Giang .

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Bng 1. M t d n

Tiu d n Miu t d n

Giai on 1 ca d nOMXN 1 (Cn Th,Kin Giang, HuGiang)

Tiu d n bao gm cc hng mc sau: Xy dng 99 cng, cito v nng cp 16 km ca Xano; v lp t cc h thnggimst, kim sot, v phn tch d liu (SCADA)

Giai on 2 v 3 ang c hon thnh bi CPO

OMXN 2

No vt knh chnh v ph: 10,5 km knh chnh (Tc ng Thc);No vt 59 knh cp 2; v Xy dng cu Nc c 2 (45 m div rng 4,5 m) Hu Giang(cu ny nm bn ngoi khu vc

thy li OMXN).No vt knh rch chnh: KH8 (25,5 km); KH9 (43km); 45 km bao xung quanh; no vt 126 km ng knh; No vt knhmng v xy dng mi knh cp 2 (5.1km); No vt 10 tuynknh cp hai (16,16 km) Kin Giang.

Bng 2: Hng mc cng vic

Cng trnhX, huyn

Kin c kim sot ximn dc theo k X No

(km)

S cng cp 2 (cng)

Thnh ph Cn Th 0 35Qun Mn 0Huyn Thi Lai 0Huyn Phong in 0Tnh Hu Giang 27.4 39Thnh ph V Thanh 0 11Huyn V Thy 14.5 16Huyn Chu Thnh A 12,9 12Tnh Kin Giang 0 25

Huyn Ging Ring 0 11Huyn G Quao 0 14

Tng 27.4 99Ngun: HEC 2, 2010

- Cc cng trnh c p dng cng ngh mi, trong c 6 cng dng p x lan btng dng bn dm, 1 cng truyn thng v 3 cng dng p tr .

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- Ca van s dng cho cc cng trnh gm dng ca van clape v t ng, khung ca vci trc bng thp khng r, bn mt bng composite.

- Cu giao thng qua cng trnh: Cu ti trng H8T, b rng 4,5m, nhp bin v nhpgia bng BTCT, c s dng dm cu d ng lc.

- Qun l h thng cng trnh bao gm: Nh qun l im ti 2 cng trong 10 cng : btr ti cng p v cng l 62C.

1.9. Quy m kt cu cng trnh :

- u t xy dng 99 cng cp 2 khp kn h thng bao kim sot l v ni linthng tuyn giao thng b trn cc tuyn .

- 68 cng; 02 cng B=16m, 02 cng b=10m, 03 cng B=8m, 09 cng B=5m v 52 cngB=3m.

- Kch thc kt cu b phn chu lc ch yu ca cc cng; B=3m...

- 31 cng ngm ( 21 cng 100 v 10 cng 2100)

* No vt knh tc ng Thc: Chiu di 10,5km, chiu rng y knh B=12m, caotrnh y -3,00.

* No vt cc knh cp 2: 59 knh, tnh Hu Giang 18 knh, tnh Kin Giang 16 knhv TP. Cn Th 25 knh.

* Gia c chng st l bao X No: Chiu di gia c 15.600m, gia c bng thm dy 23cm 30cm.

* Cu Nc c: Ti K46+673 trn knh Nng Mu 2, ti trng cu H8, B=4,5m.

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1.10. Mi trng t nhin v nn

Vng tiu d n OMXN nm khu vc trung tm ca ng bng sng Cu Long, baogm mt phn ca huyn Phong in, huyn C v qun Mn, thnh ph Cn Th,mt phn ca huyn Chu Thnh A, huyn V Thy v TP V Thanh, tnh Hu Giang, mtphn ca cc huyn Ging Ring, G Quao tnh Kin Giang. Khu vc Mn X No ltng i thp v bng phng, nm pha ty ca sng Hu, c hnh thnh bi hot ngkin to vi nhng ph sa ca sng Hu v bin. D n khu vc a hnh tng i bng

phng, cao mt t t 0.4m n 0,8 m (gn 70% din tch), din tch t cao hn 1,0 (m)l rt nh, tp trung ch yu Tc, knh, rch ng Thc. dc c xu hng gim dn tng bc n lnh vc ni tht v v pha ty-nam ca khu vc d n. V a hnh, sng,trong nhng nm gn y, vi cc con sng t nhin v knh rch trong khu vc d n, vicxy dng knh ny to ra mt h thng ng thy c s dng cho mc ch nhiucng trnh thy li, thy sn vn chuyn v cung cp nc. Tuy nhin, khu vc a hnh thpti cc vn gy ra h thng thot nc h lu, tr khi cng trnh thy li thch hp c

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vng D nNam MangTht

vng D n Mn X

No

vng D n Qun L Phng Hip (mrng gm c cc vngTip Nht, Ba Rinh T Lim)

Hnh 4:Bn ng bng sng Cu Long vi cc vng d n

Mn X No, Nam Mang Tht, Qun L - Phng Hip (mrng) thuc D n (tng th) Pht trin Thu li BSCL ut t ngun ODA ca WB.


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xy dng.

Trong mt bo co v hin trng ca t m t h thng thy li Mn- X No, chai loi t: (i) Loi 1: t chua, chua thp (Michigan): Tp trung vo khu vc pha tynam ca ton b x ca huyn Ging Ring - tnh Kin Giang, V Tn, x V Thanh x VThanh, thnh ph Cn Th. (Ii) Nhm 2: cc loi t chua (Vp): Phn b dc theo sng Tcng Thc, mt phn ca knh X No, knh Mn, huyn Mn. Trong ngn hn, dintch t c tim nng cho sn xut nng nghip. Cc c tnh ca t l: kh nng sinh sncao, ni dung tng i cao ca mn, pht pho, nit.

OMXN tiu d n c din tch mt t mm. Cc c im a cht, ch yu l ttrong vng d n l: t nhin mt : 1,554 tn / m 3; kh mt : 0,923 tn / m 3; Gc nhnca ma st ni tht: 0 - 5O5 '; tri phiu: 0-0,47 kg/cm2, phn cp: ct 3,2%, nng t:42,5%, t st: 54,3%.

V cht lng nc mt xung quanh khu vc tiu d n, hu ht cc thng s u nmtrong tiu chun cho php. So vi QCVN 08:2008 (ct A2), mt s ch s vn nm trongphm vi cho php l : pH 6,6-7,6 (theo QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT pH cho php 6-8,5), CODt 7.25mg / l n 13,9 mg / l; nng Clo thp hn gii hn cho php 4-8 ln, Hg tp trungl khng ng k v trong phm vi cho php; hm lng thuc bo v thc nhm clo hu cv pht pho hu c khng c pht hin trong tt c cc mu. Cc ch s khc khng nmtrong gii hn cho php bao gm : TSS t 53mg / l n 132 mg / l, cao hn 2 n 5 ln(QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT - TSS l 30mg / l); DO thp hn so vi yu cu; BOD5 CnTh nm ngoi gii hn cho php; hm lng du m ca mt s im vt qu gii hncho php; Coliform khu vc lun lun cao hn so vi quy chun cho php t 5.000MPN/100ml. mn trong c ba tnh ca khu vc d n ng u v khng cao, do t

tiu chun cho cp nc cho nng nghip i vi khu vc xy dng trong giai onBSCL cha b nhim tch ly thuc tr su mc bo ng, song cc b mt s

ni c nhng nh hng nht nh n nui trng mt vi loi thy sn. Tuy nhin, ti khuvc d n cha c du hiu nhim thuc tr su.

Cn Th, Hu Giang, Kin Giang l cc tnh c lng nc ngm phong ph, vi trlng di do. Nhn chung, cht lng ca nc ngm trong khu vc l kh tt. Tuy nhin,vn cn mt s ch tiu vt qu tiu chun cho php, do , s dng nc ngm vi chtlng nc m bo, cn c bin php x l trc khi s dng m bo sc khe conngi. Trong khu vc thc hin d n, c mt s trm cp nc tp trung mt s th trn

v lng mc. 25% dng nc t sng rch, h ao khng qua x l, 10% dng nc ma chavo cc b v dng c cha, phn cn li c dng nc t ging khoan v h thng cpnc nh thn, p. Khong 30% s h s dng h x hp v sinh v 15% s h chn nuic chung tri v sinh.. Nm 2009, vic xy dng h thng cung cp nc sinh hot thucTiu d n Mn - X No trn a bn tnh Hu Giang c bn hon thnh. Ti th x, cc thtrn, cm kinh t - x hi u c trm cp nc: Th x V Thanh cng sut 5.000 m3/ngym, Long M 1.000 m3/ngy m, Phng Hip 1.000 m3/ngy m, Cy Dng 480

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m3/ngy m, Tn Bnh 480 m3/ngy m, Ho M 240 m3/ngy m v mt s nh mync khc cc trung tm th mi thnh lp, hnh thnh ang c nng cp, m rng,xy dng mi. Kt qu m bo cung cp nc phc v nhu cu sinh hot ca ngidn nhng vng kh khn. D n cung cp nc sinh hot nm trong Tiu d n Mn -X No, trn a bn tnh Hu Giang c u t xy dng 6 trm c cng ngh x l nc

tin tin, vi cng sut t 15-20 m3/gi, tng kinh ph thc hin trn 21 t ng. Cc trmny c trin khai xy dng cc x: Phng Bnh, Phng Ph (huyn Phng Hip);Vnh Vin, th trn Tr Lng (huyn Long M); lin x V ng - V Thanh - V Bnh(huyn V Thy). Theo Trung tm Nc sinh hot & V sinh mi trng nng thn tnh HuGiang, vic trin khai xy dng cc trm cp nc ti cc a phng ny khng ch mbo phc v tt nhu cu s dng nc sch cho ngi dn, m cn ci thin c tnh hnhcung cp nc ti y.

Bng 3:Ch tiu c l c bn ca cc lp t:

Tn cng Ch tiu Lp t

Cng L ng

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2a Lp 2- St 56 55 27 35- Bi 19 21 11 22- Ct 25 24 43 43- Sn si 19- Dm cui l rng n (%) 52.4 72.4 41.4 44.7

Cng ng Qung

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2b Lp 2

- St 52 60 21 35- Bi 23 18 11 25- Ct 25 22 68 40- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 52.4 72.3 41.8 44.5

Cng Su Thc

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2a Lp 2b- St 54 48 16 26- Bi 18 23 10 33- Ct 28 29 44 41

- Sn si 30- Dm cui l rng n (%) 59.0 70.4 45.5 44.5

Cng Ba Quyn Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2a Lp 2b- St 58 58 32 22- Bi 21 22 14 17- Ct 21 20 52 61

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Tn cng Ch tiu Lp t

- Sn si 2- Dm cui l rng n (%) 52.7 70.0 48.3 43.5

Cng im Ta

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2b Lp 2- St 46 52 24 41- Bi 24 23 21 21- Ct 30 25 53 38- Sn si 2- Dm cui l rng n (%) 63.3 68.6 37.0 39.5

Cng By Tm

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2b Lp 2- St 50 52 26 40

- Bi 22 20 20 22- Ct 28 28 54 38- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 62.4 69.8 38.2 39.8

Cng L Rn

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 2- St 25 56 43 34- Bi 15 23 26 21- Ct 60 21 31 45- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 50.1 72.8 56.4 36.8

Cng Tm Mn


Cng B By


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Tn cng Ch tiu Lp t

Cng Knh Lu

Thnh phn ht Lp 1a Lp 1 Lp 2b Lp 2- St 52 41 21 43- Bi 22 20 17 23- Ct 26 39 60 34

- Sn si 2- Dm cui l rng n (%) 56.6 61.6 45.0 41.5

Cng Th Su

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1a Lp 2b Lp 3- St 42 40 21 9- Bi 22 25 15 7- Ct 36 35 60 78- Sn si 4 6- Dm cui

l rng n (%) 59.6 57.6 47.9 36.0

Cng T Ln

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 3- St 49 39 7- Bi 22 23 6- Ct 29 38 87- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 69.0 57.1 37.7

Cng Cu H

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 3- St 49 41 3- Bi 23 22 3- Ct 28 37 45- Sn si 49- Dm cui l rng n (%) 70.1 57.7 34.4

Cng Knh 14000

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 2 Lp 2b- St 56 31 40 19- Bi 22 18 34 11- Ct 32 51 26 70

- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 67.3 55.6 46.3 40.5

Cng Knh 13000 Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 2- St 49 38 46- Bi 26 19 20- Ct 25 41 34

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Tn cng Ch tiu Lp t- Sn si 2- Dm cui l rng n (%) 70.1 58.1 41.7

Cng Knh 10500

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 2b

- St 48 39 23- Bi 24 21 11- Ct 28 39 67- Sn si 1- Dm cui l rng n (%) 68.4 41.2 43.2

Cng Knh 7500

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 2b Lp 2c- St 51 32 28 14- Bi 25 12 27 9

- Ct 24 56 45 77- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 70.5 38.7 42.8 39.1

Cng Knh 6500

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 2b- St 50 48 27- Bi 25 20 35- Ct 25 32 28- Sn si- Dm cui l rng n (%) 70.3 44.6 40.7

Cng Knh 5750

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 2 Lp 2b- St 50 25 49 18- Bi 24 13 19 29- Ct 26 58 32 52- Sn si 4 1- Dm cui l rng n (%) 71.2 49.4 43.3 43.5

Cng Su Chm

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 2 Lp 2c Lp 3

- St 53 45 13 9- Bi 22 17 13 6- Ct 25 38 72 85- Sn si 2- Dm cui l rng n (%) 72.7 46.2 44.1 33.3

Cng Chm Bu Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 2

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Tn cng Ch tiu Lp t- St 39 40- Bi 28 21- Ct 33 39- Sn si

- Dm cui l rng n (%) 59.9 42.0

Cng Xm Gia

Thnh phn ht Lp 1 Lp 1b Lp 2- St 41 26 46- Bi 20 13 20- Ct 39 60 33- Sn si 1 1- Dm cui l rng n (%) 65.9 48.7 41.1

2. Thit k x l nn cc cng bng phng php pht va p lc cao.

2.1. Thit k mng ban u: Theo n v t vn kho st, thit k lCng ty C phnT vn Xy dng Thy li II (HECII) , nn mng ban u tt c cc cng c thit k x lbng cc b tng ct thp v s dng mng bn trn h nhm cc.

2.2. L do chuyn i sang gii php pht va xi mng: T phng n thit k banu bn trn, qua so snh gia phng php s dng cc b tng ct thp vi phng phppht va p lc cao, xt v cc mt: hiu qu kinh t v cht lng p ng c yu cu kthut, cc iu kin thi cng gii phng mt bng, n v thit k quyt nh chuyn i

sang gii php pht va xi mng cho thy hiu qu hn do nhng yu cu nh: k thut png c vi a hnh, kinh t c gi thnh cng trnh ph hp, a hnh phc tp kh thicng cc B tng ct thp, s dng cng ngh tin tin theo nhu cu ca n v ti tr, qutrnh thi cng dngcng ngh jet grouting trn t d thc hin,...

2.3. Gii php thit k: Thit k mng cho cc Cng bng b s dng cc xi mng tc ng knh 600mm. Cng ty c phn t vn xy dng thy li II (HEC II) thit k 47cng th c 43 cng c x l nn bn y cng bng cc xi mng t (tr cc cng lnthuc Thnh ph Cn Th bao gm: cng Mng B, cng Ty inh, cng Vm Nhn &cng Cu Nhim ). HEC II thc hin nhim v lp cng th nghim cho tt c cc cng

c x l nn bn y bng cc xi mng t thuc gi thu 68 cng cp 2 (cng h).Phm vi bo co k cho 35 cng thuc a bn tnh Hu Giang (thuc cc gi thu s

10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 v 17).

Bng 4: Thng k cng v thit k cc

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TT Tn cng K/c gia cc cng (Km) Chiu di cc (m) S lng1 Cng Su Chm 14.0 282 Cng Chm Bu 0.80 13.0 283 Cng Xm Gia 3.41 14.0 284 Cng Ho Hn

5 Cng By St6 Cng L ng 8.50 197 Cng ng Qung 1.31 8.50 198 Cng Su Thc 1.72 10.0 199 Cng B Quyn 0.87 10.0 1910 Cng im Ta 12.0 1911 Cng By Tm 0.46 12.5 1912 Cng L Rn 0.86 14.5 2513 Cng Tm Mn 1.19 15.0 2114 Cng B By 0.74 14.5 25

15 Cng Knh Lu 0.35 13.0 2116 Cng Th Su 31.5 2517 Cng T Ln 0.22 33.5 2518 Cng Cu H 0.61 33.0 2519 Cng Knh 14000 0.77 22.0 2420 Cng Knh 13000 1.00 13.5 2821 Cng Knh 10500 10.5 2822 Cng Knh 7500 3.01 11.0 2823 Cng Knh 6500 1.01 11.0 2824 Cng Knh 5750 0.76 11.5 28

25 Cng Knh 500026 Cng Knh 450027 Cng Knh 350028 Cng Knh 300029 Cng Knh 250030 Cng Knh 150031 Cng Knh 100032 Cng Knh 50033 Cng L 5934 Cng Nh Th

35 Cng p

3. Cng ngh pht va p lc cao p dng cho thit k x l nn cc cng thuc dn:

Cng ngh thi cng cc xi mng t: Hin nay trn th gii c hai cng ngh c pdng ph bin l cng ngh ca Chu u v cng ngh ca Nht Bn.

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Hin nay Vit Nam ph bin hai cng ngh thi cng cc xi mng t l: Cng nghtrn kh (Dry Jet Mixing) v Cng ngh trn t (Wet Mixing hay cn gi l Jet-grouting) lcng ngh ca Nht Bn.

- Trn kh l qu trnh phun trn xi mng kh vi t c hoc khng c cht ph gia.

- Trn t l qu trnh bm trn va xi mng vi t c hoc khng c cht ph gia.Mi phng php trn (kh hoc t) c thit b giy chuyn thi cng k thut, thi cng

phun (bm) trn khc nhau.

Hin nay trn th gii pht trin ba cng ngh Jet-grouting: u tin l cng ngh S,tip theo l cng ngh T, v gn y l cng ngh D.

+ Cng ngh n pha S: Cng ngh n pha to ra cc cc xi mng t c ng knhva v nh 0,4 - 0,8m. Cng ngh ny ch yu dng thi cng nn t p, cc...

+ Cng ngh hai pha D: Cng ngh hai pha to ra cc cc xi mng t c ng knh t

0,8 -1,2m. Cng ngh ny ch yu dng thi cng cc tng chn, cc v ho chng thm.+ Cng ngh ba pha T: Pht ba pha l phng php thay th t m khng xo trn t.

Cng ngh T s dng lm cc cc, cc tng ngn chng thm, c th to ra ct Soilcreteng knh n 3m.

Hin nay Vit Nam, Trung tm Cng ngh My xy dng v C kh thc nghimthuc Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Giao thng Vn ti nghin cu v ch to thnh cngthit b iu khin v nh lng xi mng thi cng cc t gia c. Qua , Trung tm lm ch c vic ch to h iu khin, h nh lng v phun xi mng; t hp thit b thicng cc gia c c ng dng thnh cng v cho hiu qu cao ti cng trng.

So vi sn phm cng loi ca CHLB c, thit b do Trung tm ch to c tnh nngk thut tng ng nhng gi thnh ch bng 30%. So vi thit b ca Trung Quc, thit bc nhiu tnh nng u vit hn hn: Do s dng my c s l loi ba ng cc di chuynbng bnh xch, nn tnh c ng cao, tc lm vic ca thit b khoan ln, nng sut gp1,5-2 ln. c bit, t hp thit b c trang b h thng iu khin hin i, ton b ccthao tc thi cng cc gia c c t ng ha theo cc chng trnh, cc s liu v lng ximng s dng trn tng mt cc c hin th, lu gi v in thnh bng kt qu thi cng chotng cc. y chnh l nhng ch tiu rt quan trng nh gi cht lng ca thit b cngnh cht lng ca cc gia c c thi cng.

y l ln u tin trong nc ch to c t hp thit b thi cng cc gia c. Thitb c gi thnh thp, ph hp vi kh nng ti chnh ca cc n v thi cng. Thit b cngc cc nh thu s dng thi cng ti sn bay Tr Nc.

Cng ngh jet grouting: l mt cng ngh trn su dng t (wet mixing). Hin naync ta cha c thut ng khoa hc ting Vit chnh thc gi tn cng ngh ny. Tm

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thi, chng ti xut thut ng "khoan pht cao p", phn bit vi cc cng ngh khoanpht s dng p sut thp hn (210 atm) v c ch nt bt c mt nc ta t nhiu nmnay.

Cng ngh khoan pht cao p (KPCA) c pht minh Nht Bn nm 1970. Sau cc cng ty ca , c mua li pht minh trn v n nay nhiu cng ty x l nn mnghng u th gii hin nay nh cng ty Layne Christensen (M), Bauer (c), Keller (Anh),Frankipile (c) u c s dng cng ngh ny. Tri qua hn ba mi nm hon thin v phttrin, n nay cng ngh ny c tha nhn rng khp, c kim nghim v a votiu chun cc nc pht trin trn th gii.

Phng php Jet grouting: Trc tin khoan mi khoan n cao trnh y cc d kinth dng li v bt u bm va ximng pht ra thnh tia u mi khoan, va bm va vaxoay cn khoan rt ln. Tia nc v va phun ra vi p sut cao (100 - 600 atm), vn tc ln( 100 m/s) lm cho cc phn t t xung quanh l khoan b xi ti ra, ha trn vi va pht,

sau ng cng to thnh mt cc (ct) ng nht.4. Thc t thi cng pht va xi mng ti hin trng:

Cc xi mng t (hay cn gi l ct xi mng t, tr xi mng t), c thi cng tothnh theo phng php khoan trn su. Dng my khoan v cc thit b chuyn dng (cnkhoan, mi khoan) khoan vo t vi ng knh v chiu su l khoan theo thit k (Ccc ng knh D = 600 mm, chiu di cc L= 32m). t trong qu trnh khoan khng cly ln khi l khoan m b ph v kt cu, c cc cnh mi khoan nghin ti, trn uvi cht kt dnh (cht kt dnh thng thng l xi mng hoc vi, thch cao i khi cthm cht ph gia v ct). Phng php x l bng cc t - xi mng kh n gin: bao gm

mt my khoan vi h thng li c ng knh thay i tu thuc theo ng knh ctc thit k v cc xi l cha xi mng c gn my bm nn vi p lc ln ti 12 kg/cm2.Trong qu trnh khoan li c thit k trn u t v xi mng, xi mng kh c phunnh lng lin tc v trn u to thnh nhng cc t - xi mng ng knh 600mm.

Qu trnh phun (hoc bm) cht kt dnh trn vi t trong h khoan, tu theo yu cu cth c thc hin c hai pha khoan xung v rt ln ca mi khoan hoc ch thc hin pha rt mi khoan ln. trnh lng ph xi mng, hn ch xi mng thot ra khi mt t gy nhim mi trng thng thng khi rt mi khoan ln cch cao mt t t 0.5m n1.5m ngi ta dng phun cht kt dnh, nhng on cc 0.5m n 1.5m ny vn c phun

y cht kt dnh l nh cht kt dnh c trong ng ng tip tc c phun (hoc bm)vo h khoan.

Khi mi khoan c rt ln khi h khoan, trong h khoan cn li t c trn u vicht kt dnh dn dn ng cng to thnh cc xi mng t.

Trnh t cng tc kho st, thit k, thi cng cc xi mng t

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Thit k, thi cng cc ximng-t cn tun theo trnh t sau:a) Kho st a cht cng trnh, th nghim xc nh hm lng ximng trongphng th nghim.b) Thit k s b cc ximng-t theo iu kin tc dng ca loi ti trng.c) Thi cng cc th bng thit b d kin s dng.

d) Tin hnh cc kim tra (nn tnh, ly mu,).e) So snh vi cc kt qu th nghim trong phng, nh gi li cc ch tiu cnthit.f) iu chnh thit k (hm lng ximng, chiu di cc cc,).g) Thi cng i tr theo quy trnh m bo cht lng yu cu v tin hnhkim tra cht lng phc v vic nghim thu.

Hnh 5:Quy trnh thit k lp, gm th nghim trong phng, thit k chc nng, th hintrng v thit k cng ngh

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5. Ni dung cng tc th nghim5.1 Th nghim trong phngGm th nghim cc mu trn trong phng v cc mu ly cc su khc nhau trong

thn cc hin trng.a. Th nghim cc mu trn trong phng

Mc ch th nghimTrn th trong phng phc v thit k cc t-ximng, nhm xc nh cng khngnn cc hn v t l ca hn hp t st t nhin vi xi mng cng nh cc cht ph giathng qua cc th nghim khng nn cc hn.

Kt qu th nghim trn th l c s thit k s b la chn hm lng xi mng thicng cc th ti hin trng.

Tiu chun p dng[1] TCXD VN 385-2006: Gia c t yu bng tr t ximng.[2] TCCS 01:2012/CTTVII: Tiu chun c s - Hng dn s dng phng php

Jet-grouting to cc t xi mng gia c t yu.

V cc tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan khc.b. Trnh t th nghim- S lng mu th nghimCn c vo cc lp a cht nn v chiu di cc th nghim, ta nhn thy rng tt c

cc xi mng t ca cc cng u nm ch yu trong lp t 1 l lp t c thnh phn htv l rng tng i ng nht gia cc v tri cng. Do vy cng tc th nghim trongphng ch cn th nghim cho 01 cng i din cho 01 gi thu.

Gi thu s 10: bao gm 04 cng (Xm Gia; Chm Bu; Su Chm, Ho Hn), thnghim i din v tr cng Chm Bu.

Gi thu s 11: bao gm 04 cng (L ng; ng Qung; Su Thc; Ba Quyn), th

nghim i din v tr cng Su Thc.Gi thu s 12: c 01 cng By St (16000), th nghim ti v tr cng By St.Gi thu s 13: bao gm 06 cng (im Ta; By Tm; L Rn; Tm Mn; B By;

Knh Lu), th nghim i din v tr cng B By.Gi thu s 14: bao gm 05 cng (Th Su; T Ln; Cu H; Knh 14000; Knh

13000), th nghim i din v tr cng Knh 14000.Gi thu s 15: bao gm 05 cng (Knh 10500; Knh 7500; Knh 6500; Knh 5750;

Knh 5000), th nghim i din v tr cng Knh 6500.Gi thu s 16: bao gm 07 cng (Knh 4500; Knh 3500; Knh 3000; Knh 2500;

Knh 1500; Knh 1000; Knh 500), th nghim i din v tr cng Knh 2500.

Gi thu s 17: bao gm 03 cng (L 59; Nh Th; p ), th nghim i din vtr cng p .

- Hm lng xi mng th nghim

Bng 5 . Hm lng xi mng nghVt

liuKhi lng (kg/m t t nhin)

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Ximng

300 325 350 375 400 425

- Loi xi mng th nghimS dng 02 loi ximng th nghim so snh:

Ximng pooclng thng thng (PCB30 hoc PCB40)Ximng Holcim Stable Soil (l loi xi mng chuyn dng cho ng dng trn su dit).

- Qu trnh th nghimQu trnh th nghim trn th v ch b mu v th nghim c th tham kho Ph lc B

"TCCS 01:2012/CTTVII: Tiu chun c s - Hng dn s dng phng php Jet-groutingto cc t xi mng gia c t yu" hoc tham kho ph lc E "TCXDVN 385-2006: Giac t yu bng tr t ximng".

5.2 Th nghim cc mu ly t hin trnga. Mc ch th nghim

Xc nh cng khng nn cc hn mu cc ximng-t ly t hin trng.Da trn kt qu th nghim cc th, T vn thit k quyt nh cho thi cng i trhoc iu chnh li tht k (nu cn).

b. Tiu chun p dngASTM D 2166: Th nghim nn mt trc khng hn ch n hng.V cc tiu chun hin hnh c lin quan khc.c. Trnh t th nghim- Qu trnh th nghimTun theo hng dn ca tiu chun ASTM D 2166.5.3 Th nghim hin trnga. Mc ch th nghimCc th nghim hin trng c tin hnh trc khi thi cng i tr nhm kim tra

cht lng v kh nng lm vic ca cc.Do tnh cht ca t nn x l chu nh hng ca nhiu yu t, k c quy trnh thi

cng, cho nn vic thi cng cc tr th v cc th nghim hin trng c tin hnh xcnhn cc yu cu trong thit k t hay cha.

Kt qu th nghim cc c tnh ca mu ch to trong phng thng ln hn mu tihin trng do quy trnh trn v bo dng khng ging nhau, th nghim hin trng chophp xc nh cc tng quan cn thit.

Vic th nghim cc th cn xc nh cc thng s ci t cho my nh: tc vngquay, tc rt cn khoan v p lc bm t c hnh dng cc d kin.

b. Ni dung th nghim- M t cc th nghimS lng cc th nghim: 02 cc (Do s lng cc thit k 100 nn theo TCCS

01:2012/CTTVII, ch cn th nghim ban u 2 cc cho mi v tr cng. V tr cc th nghimxem s km theo.

ng knh cc th nghim: Bng ng knh cc thit k gia c x l nnDtn = Dtk= 0.6 m

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Chiu di cc th nghim: Ltn = 10mCao u cc: thp hn cao mt t t nhin ti v tr cc th nghim 1m.Hm lng & loi xi mng d kin thi cng cc th nghim ngoi hin trng:Do tin cp bch ca ton b d n, cng tc th nghim cn c thc hin vi 2

loi xi mng nu cng nh s dng cc hm lng khc nhau (6 hm lng nu) cho

mi gi thu (t 46 cng)Song song vi vic s dng hm lng & loi xi mng nu do tin cp bch thsau khi c kt qu th nghim trn th trong phng s s dng kt qu ny thc hin chocc cng cha th nghim.

Cng tc th nghim hin trng thc hin cho tt c cc cng. Mi v tr cng thnghim 10 mu hin trng (05 mu cho 01 cc th nghim).

- Cng tc chun b thi cng cc thS & v tr ng cc:V tr b tr cc th nghim: th nghim ti mt bn mang cng.Hin trng thi cng phi c dn sch, san phng, loi b tt c chng ngi vt trn

mt v di t trc khi thi cng.V tr cc th nghim c xc nh sao cho ph hp vi iu kin thi cng ti mi v trcng trnh v phi nm trong phm vi bi hon cng trnh. nh v, xc nh v tr cc ccchnh xc bng cch nh du hoc nh v bng my ton c, kim tra bng thc thp(hoc ngc li). Chn v tr b tr cc th nghim phi c s ng thun ca Ch u tv T vn thit k.

Cao trnh u cc th nghim phi thp hn cao trnh mt t t nhin ti vi tr cc thnghim khong 1m.

Vt liu phc v thi cng cc thS dng 02 loi Ximng thi cng l ximng pooclng thng thng (PCB30 hoc

PCB40) v ximng Holcim chuyn dng (Holcim Stable Soil, l loi xi mng chuyn dngcho ng dng trn su di t) so snh.

Cht lng xi mng phi c m bo theo cc tiu chun hin hnh.Va ximng phi c s dng trong vng khng qu 4 gi ng h k t khi trn.Nc s dng thi cng ly ngay ti hin trng. Nc thi cng phi ph hp vi tiu

chun Vit Nam TCVN 4506-87: Nc cho b tng v va - Yu cu k thut.Hm lng mui khng vt qu 3,5 g/l. PH ln hn 4,0.Hm lng sun pht khng vt qu 2,7 g/l.Thit b th nghim

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Hnh 6. S dy chuyn thit b khoan pht va cao p (Jet-grouting)

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Dy chuyn thit b thi cng cc ximng-t bng phng php Jet grouting bao gm:

Hnh 7. Thit b khoan (kt hp phun va) Hnh 8. My bm va cao p

Thit b khoan (kt hp phun va) phi c b ci t v iu khin tc rt cn, tc vng xoay. iu chnh thng ca cn bng kch thy lc kt hp bt nc.

Bm cao p: Bm cao p hot ng theo nguyn l pistng, p lc bm t 100 600atm (10 60MPa) iu chnh c trong qu trnh thi cng. Bm phi c ng h o p lc,lu lng, o tc vng tua ca ng c, van an ton. Km theo cn c dy dn va cao pn cn khoan. Trong mt s trng hp c bit (dy dn qu di), trn ng dn cn btr ng h o p lc iu chnh my bm nu p lc b tn tht. N c th kt hp ghili lng va i qua.

Hnh 9. My trn va Hnh 10.My pht in

My trn va: phi c dung tch ti thiu 200 lt, loi thng kp nhm tng khuyu. Mt thng trn s cp c tc quay thp, thng th cp tc quay cao hn. Ximng

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v nc phi ong m v ghi li. Trong trng hp s dng xil cp ximng th c thgn thit b o m ximng ti xil, tuy nhin phi kim nh ng h o nh k mbo chnh xc. Trong trng hp ximng cp bng bao, nc ong bng thng th phi cquy trnh gim st cht ch.

Ngoi cc thit b chnh nu trn cn c nhng thit b khc nh: my bm nc, cu,

my nng chuyn, t vn chuyn, my pht in, my ton c in t, v.v.Ghi ch: Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu cc my thi cng cc xi mng-t dngphng php Jet grouting nh YBM (Nht), KLEMM (c)... Ty tng c im thit b canh thu m c nhng thng s k thut ring. Trc khi tin hnh th nghim Nh thu thicng phi trnh danh mc my mc, dng c, thit b cng cc thng s k thut K sduyt.

c. Trnh t thi cng cc th nghim

Quy trnh thi cngQuy trnh thi cng cc ximng-t bng phng php Jet grouting th hin trong s

sau y:Bc 1: My khoan khoan to l xung ti cao trnh thit k.Bc 2: Tin hnh pht va. Va c bm t my bm cao p qua h thng ng

ng p lc n my khoan v pht ra theo phng ngang ti u cn khoan. Trong sut qutrnh pht va, cn khoan lun lun xoay v rt ln. Va pht va ph v kt cu va trnvi t xung quanh cn khoan to thnh cc ximng t.

Hnh 11. S thi cng cc ximng t dng phng php Jet grouting

Bin php thi cngThc hin cc cng tc chun b mt bng.

nh v chnh xc v tr cc cc th nghim bng my ton c in t v nh du.

Di chuyn my khoan n v tr nh du.

Va c dn t my trn va qua my bm bng ng ng n my khoan.

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Dng tro ngc c o rnh dn ra khi phm vi thi cng, to mt bng kh ro.

Ghi ch: Trong qu trnh thi cng cc th phi c ngi chuyn trch ghi chp hoc phic ghi li bng h thng t ng cho mi mt trn cng nh ca ton b chiu di cc cti thiu cc thng s sau:

V tr ta cc, cao y - nh, gc nghing ca cn khoan - pht.p lc phun vt liu.Lu lng pht vt liu.Khi lng vt liu s dng.Tc xoay v rt ln ca u trn.Thi gian rt p cho mi cn khoan ( tnh lu lng hao ht)Dng tro ngc trong qu trnh thi cng.Cc hin tng bt thng trong khi thi cng cc th.Vt liu s dng: Loi v hm lng ximng, t l nc/ximng, ngun nc v cht

lng ngun nc.

Lng xi mng theo nh mc thit k phi c pht u theo chiu di cc. Sai skhi lng vt liu s dng cho mi mt cc khng c qu 3%. Sai s khi lng vtliu s dng trn tng chiu di cc khng c qu 2%.

X l s c trong qu trnh thi cngTrong khi thi cng cc th, nu gp s c th phi tm ngng pht va, nn a u

pht xung di im tm ngng khong 0,5m, ch n khi khc phc xong th tip tc bmv pht cho n khi hon thnh.

Nu thi gian tm ngng thi cng mt cc vt qu 24 ting ng h th phi lm liton b cc .

Khi khoan cha n cao mi cc thit k, nu gp m ci khng th tip tc cth c th khoan cc th sang v tr bn cnh.

Khi lng n va ln bt thng (dng tro ngc b gim i), c th do mt snguyn nhn sau:

Trong qu trnh khoan pht gp hang rng trong lng t. rng ca t ln.T l N/X cha ph hp.Khe h dc ng b bt kn.

Bin php x l:Nu gp hang rng trong lng t, tin hnh cho my pht va ti ch cho n khi va

in y hang rng.Nu gp tng t c rng ln, c th: iu chnh li t l N/X cho ph hp (dung

dch va c hn); Hoc thay i tc rt cn khoan.Nu khe h dc ng b bt kn, phi rt cn khoan ln v tin hnh v sinh cn khoan

sch s. Dung dch va qu c cng c th lm bt khe h dc cn khoan, trong trng hpny cn iu chnh t l N/X cho ph hp (lm cho dung dch long hn).

Khi dng tro ngc ln bt thng (dng tro ngc qu mnh): th cn phi xem xt

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li cc thng s khoan pht hoc phng php thi cng. Dng tro ngc ln bt thng cth do nhiu nguyn nhn:

Trong qu trnh khoan pht gp phi m ci. rng ca t b.

Bin php x l:

Nu gp phi m ci, c th dng mi khoan dng ba rung khoan ph hockhoan vng qua hn .

Nu rng ca t b, khoan tip mt s l tip theo cng gp hin tng dng trongc ln bt thng, cn phi tin hnh kho st li a cht trong vng x l, iuchnh thit k cho ph hp.

Cc thng s th nghim ban uCng ngh pht: Mt phap lc pht: 150 160 atm (1516Mpa)Tc rt cn: (4 5)s / 2,5cm

T l l nc/ximng: 1,2 ( 1,2 lt nc /1 kg xi mng) Khi lng ximng hao ht: D kin khong 10% 12% (khi lng thc t cn cvo vic xc nh thi gian rt p).

nh gi kt qu th nghimSau khi cc thi cng cc th c 28 ngy (ti thiu 14 ngy) tin hnh cc kim tra nhgi cc cc th nghim.

Xc nhn kch thc ccnh gi hnh dng v ng knh cc: c tin hnh kim tra trn tt c cc cc th

nghim.ng knh cc c kim tra bng phng php o l u cc bng th cng, chiu

su o kim tra khong 1m2 m k t nh cc. Khi cn thit c th yu cu o su hn kim tra.Phng php o c: Dng thc dy xc nh ng knh cc.Sai s ng knh cc cho php: Sai s ng knh cc khng c vt qu 5%

ng knh cc thit k.Khoan ly mu cc hin trngCc mu li cc hin trng c s dng tin hnh th nghim nn mt trc khng

hn ch n hng xc nh cng khng nn cc hn (qu) ca cc.Cc cc th nghim hin trng sau khi c kim tra kch thc, t xung quanh cc

c lp li tin hnh khoan ly mu hin trng.

Khoan ly li c tin hnh ngay ti hin trng sau khi cc c thi gian ninh ktthng l 28 ngy. Trong nhng trng hp c bit cn rt ngn thi gian ninh kt, n vthi cng cn bo co xin kin ca Ch u t v n v T vn thit k.

Thit b khoan c b ly mu loi nng i. ng knh khng nh hn 70 mm, lkhoan t ti tim cc.

S lng mu: Cc mu th nghim c ly trn tt c cc cc th nghim; 2m ly 1mu, tng s mu trong 01 cc th nghim l 5 mu.

Mu dng cho th nghim c hc phi c bo dng trong iu kin nhit v

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m kim sot cht ch.nh gi kt qu th nghim: Cc cc th nghim c coi l t yu cu khi tt c cc

mu th nghim cng khng nn cc hn c gi tr qu28 600 kPa.6. Nhng nhn xt v gp ca hc vin nhm ci thin nhng vn tn ti

trong thi cng hoc nhng bi hc m hc vin c th rt ra sau chuyn thc tp.

Cng ngh trn su ni chung v cc xi mng t c p dng kh ph bin trnth gii nhng ch mi c p dng Vit Nam trong thi gian gn y.

Thc t vi cc cng trnh dng khi p cao trn nn t yu; cng trnh yu cu thigian thi cng ngn; ln cn li nh; yu cu t nn c kt nhanh; tit kim vt liu pkhi vt liu ny khan him th gii php x l nn bng cc xi mng t t ra kh hiu qu.V vy sp ti nn mnh dn ng dng cng ngh ny x l nn p trn t yu nht lcc on ng u cu, x l nn cng trnh vng tng t yu dy, a hnh cht hp...Ngoi ra, ng dng cc xi mng t lm tng chn, vch tng hm, chng mt n nhmi dc cng t c hiu qu cao v kinh t - k thut.

So vi mt s gii php x l nn hin c, cng ngh cc xi mng t c u im lkh nng x l su (n 50m), thch hp vi cc loi t yu (t ct th cho n bn yu), thicng c c trong iu kin nn ngp su trong nc hoc iu kin hin trng cht hp,trong nhiu trng hp a li hiu qu kinh t r rt so vi cc gii php x l khc.(nus dng phng php cc b tng p hoc cc khoan nhi th rt tn km do tng t yubn trn dy. Vi mt trng hp p dng vi lp t dy 30m, th khi s dng phngphp cc- t xi mng tit kim cho mi mng xi l khong 600 triu ng.

u im ni bt ca cc xi mng t l:

Thi cng nhanh, k thut thi cng khng phc tp, khng c yu t ri ro cao. Giiphp ny s tit kim thi gian thi cng n hn 50% do khng phi ch c cc v t cng . Tc thi cng cc rt nhanh.

Hiu qu kinh t cao. Gi thnh h hn nhiu so vi phng n cc ng, c bittrong tnh hnh gi vt liu leo thang nh hin nay.

Rt thch hp cho cng tc x l nn, x l mng cho cc cng trnh cc khu vcnn t yu nh bi bi, ven sng, ven bin

Thi cng c trong iu kin mt bng cht hp, mt bng ngp nc.

a cht nn l ct rt ph hp vi cng ngh gia c ximng, tin cy cao.

* Qua chuyn thc tp thc t ti hin trng v qu trnh thi cng cc xi mng t,ti nhn thy rt th v, b ch. Chuyn i b sung thm kin thc ca ti v qu trnh thicng v s dng cng ngh lm cc xi mng t v trong thi gian ti ti tip tc tm hiu,nghin cu su hn v cng ngh v qu trnh thi cng cng nh thit k cc xi mng t c thc hin Vit Nam v trn th gii.

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Trn y l bo co thc tp a k thut xy dng. Knh trnh Thy v xin cm nThy tn tnh hng dn, gip hon thnh thc tp a k thut xy dng

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