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7/31/2019 Bao Cao UDTH Trong CNHH

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ng dng tin hc trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc

Nhm 12Compressor & Expander

1

BO CO MN HC

NG DNG TIN HC TRONG CNG NGH

HA HC

NHM 12:

1) Nguyn Huy Chng 609002692) L Khc Duyn609004333) o Nguyn Duy Phng 609020344) Nguyn Hong Thnh60902468

TI:

KHO ST VAI TRNGUYN L TNH TON CA

COMPRESSOREXPANDERTRONG PHN MM PRO/II

GIO VIN HNG DN:

THY TRN TN VITTHY NGUYN BI HU TUN

Ngy np: th6, ngy 25 thng 05 nm 2012


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MC LCI. Tng quan v Pro/II:1/ Gii thiu phn mm Pro/II:

2/ 7 bc sdng phn mm Pro/II:

3/ S mt quy trnh dng phn mm Pro/II:

II. Gii thiu chung:

1/ Khi nim:

2/ Phm vi ng dng:

3/ c

III. C sl thuyt:1/ Nguyn l ho ng:

a)My gin n:........................................................................................................................................ 12

b) My nn:............................................................................................................................................... 14

2/ Tn on c bn: ................................................................................................................................... 15

a)My gin n:........................................................................................................................................ 15

b)My nn:............................................................................................................................................... 19

IV. M phng trn Pro/II:

1/ V d 1:

2/ Bi ton mrng:

V. Kt qu m phng bng Pro/II:

1/ Kt qu ca m phng v d 1:

2/ Kt qu bi ton mrng:

VI. Tham kho:


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I. Tng quan v Pro/II:1/ Gii thiu phn mm Pro/II:

Pro/II l mt trong nhng sn phm ca t hp SIMSCI, c thnh lp t

nm 1957 chuyn v thit k cc phn mm m phng trong cng ngh ho hc, cbit l v nn cng nghip lc ho du. Hin nay, sn phm ca t hp ny kh adng, bao gm cc phn mm v thit k cc thit b, ng ng, tnh ton kinh t

Phn mm thit k m phng Pro/II l sn phm u tin ca SIMSCI, l kt quca 4 ln nng cp tchng trnh u tin nm 1967 n nm 1988 th chnh thc ra i

vi tn gi Pro/II. Chng trnh ny khng ngng c nng cp v hin nay c phinbn mi nht l 6.0.

Phn mm ny s dng vo nhiu qu trnh:

X l du kh Tinh ch Ha du Polimer

Dc phm T vn v thit k xy dng

Cc dng ng dng m phng gm:

Thit k mi cc qu trnhthit b. c tnh cu hnh thit b


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Hin i ha v nng cp cc thit bc Gri v lm thng sut cc quy trnh thit b nh gi cc vn mi trng ca nh my Kim tra, ti u ha, ci tin hiu sut v li nhun ca nh my.

2/7 bc sdng phn mm Pro/II:

SM phng kt qu ti Desop c thc hin qua 7 buc:

a) V s qui trnh sn xut:

La chn nhng hot ng n v thch hp t PRO / II t nhng biu tung thchhp. n gin tr vo nt biu tng, kch con chut, v thn v trong phm vi hotng bng cch kch ln na. Xc nh r nhng dng cng d.Ch cn kch ntSTREAM. Ri hy ch v kch con chut cho u vo v ra mi n v cng ngh.

b) nh r nhng thnh phn:

Kch nt biu tng nhng thnh phn vo mt danh sch tt c cc thnh phntrong qu trnh. Chn t hn 1,700 thnh phn uc xy dng trong csd liu caSIMSCI bng cch nh vo tn thnh phn hoc La chn n t mt danh sch ucxc nh trc .

c) La chn nhng phng thc Tnh ton Nhit ng:

Kch nt spha chn nhng phng thc nhit ng t danh sch nhngphng thc thng s dng, khi qut ha,phng trnh trng thi,phng thc chtlng hot ng, v nhng gi d liu c bit.

d) nh r nhng dng c nhp liu:

Nhn p vo mi dng nhp liu ngoi cung cp d liu dng ( lu lungchy,thnh phn, nhit , v p).


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e) Cung cp nhng iu kin cho Qui trnh

Nhn p vo mi biu tng n v hot ng trong s qui trnh sn xut , vcung cp d liu ( nhng vng d liu uc phc tho mu ). Khi nhp d liu qu

trnh, vng d liu thay i mu tn xanh.

f) Chy M phng

Mt ln bn cung cp tt c d liu uc yu cu v khng cn nhn thy nhngvng , vy l bn sn sng chy s m phng

g) Xem kt qu:Sau khi chy xong qu trnh m phng, bn c th xem li nhng kt qu v xp

thnh bng s dng bo co in mc nh hoc trc tip trong Excel.

3/S mt quy trnh dng phn mm Pro/II:

Hnh 0: V d mt s cng ngh m phng bng Pro/II


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II. Gii thiu chung:1/ Khi nim:

Expander l thit b gin n kh c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.

Expander l mt thit b dn u trn thtrng thit b cng nghip v du v kh thgii. Khng nhng vy n cn c nhiu ng dng rng ri trong cc lnh vc nng

lng v nhit lnh khc.

Hnh 1: Thit b turbo expander


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Hnh 2: Cu to n gin ca expander

Tnm 1857 ngi ta ln u tin bit vExpander khi k s ngi c-Carl WilhelmSiemens thit k my gin n h nhit dng kh. Sau nm 1902 mt k s ngiPhp ch to my gin nkhng kh h nhit dng kh. Nm 1934 nhng my

gin n Turbine u tin c ch to m ra thi k mi cho my gin nkh vinhiu ng dng trong thc t.

My nn: Trong cng nghip ha cht v thc phm cng nh cc ngnh kinh tkhc, my nn hay my thi kh c s dng rt ph bin. Nh tng hp NH3


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phi nn H2 v N2 ti 200, 350, hoc 500 at. Tri li trong mt squ trnh nh cc, sy, chng chn khng th phi duy tr p sut rt thp, c 0,2 n 0,4 at.

Ngoi ra thng gi, khuy trn , phun bi hoc vn chuyn vt liu ngi tacng dng kh nn.

Hnh 3: My nn

Trong k thut cc kh cn c nn v vn chuyn c tnh cht vt l v ha hc rtkhc nhau. iu kin lm vic vi lu lng, p sut v nhit khc nhau. Do , cnhiu loi my nn c s dng. Chng c phn loi theo nhiu cch, nh theonguyn tc lm vic hay theo p sut u v cui.

Theo nguyn tc lm vic c th chia ra:

My nn pittong: cu to gn ging bm pittong, c pittong chuyn ng trongxilanh v kh c nn nhgim th tch ca bung lm vic.

My nn loi quay trn: Nhroto quay trong m kh c ht vo nn li trongmy ri y ra p sut cao hn.

My nn tuabin (thuc loi ly tm): nhchuyn ng quay ca cnh gung v tcdng ca lc qun tnh ly tm m kh c nn li.

My nn loi phun tia: nguyn tc lm vic v cu to ging nh bm tia, khc nn do vn tc thay i khi i qua ng loa hnh nn ct.


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Hnh 4: Cu to n gin my nn kh

2/ Phm vi ng dng:

Expander trong cng nghip ha cht ngy nay c bit n nh mt thit b dng

chuyn i nng lng t p sut ca dng kh hay dng hi sang cng c hc khi m

kh hay hi gin n qua turbine. Ngoi ra cn expander cn c bit n vi nhng

chc nng v lm lnh dng kh hay hi, gim p dng kh hay ti hon lu nng lngcho cc dng kh. Cng sut hot ng ph bin t 75KW ti 25MW.

Cho n nay, expander c ng dng trong nhiu mc ch khc nhau, nhng

lnh vc mang tnh thng mi nht ca expander c th lit k nh sau:


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Cng nghip ha cht v ha du : sn xut nitric acid, acetic acid Sn xut kh thin nhin v du cng nghip H thng gim p trong cc ng ng dn Ha lng Methane Ti to nng lng trong cng nghip

Hnh 5:S cng ngh ha lng kh methane c s dng

compressorexpander

My nn kh c s dng rt nhiu trong cc lnh vc nh: Ngnh khai thckhong sn, ngnh y t, cc ngnh cng nghip nng.

3/ c :

Nh bit, trong rt nhiu nm, my gin n c dng h nhit trong cc

nh my ng lnh, cng vi ng dng ln th hai l ti thit nng lng.


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T nhng ng dng chng ta c th thy thit b gin nkh c nhng yu cu

quan trng trong thit kc nhng tiu chun nhm tha mn nhng yu cu s

dng t ra:

Duy tr c hiu qu gin ncao nhng vn tc bin i khc nhau ca dngkh

Chu c tc dng ca bn trong kh cng nh qu trnh ngng t ca nhngdng kh

Hiu sut cao Bn c hc p ng c yu cu khc nhau vkch thc ca khch hng Vic thit k my gin nl vn ca nhiu nh sn xut. Bt k 1 thng tin c

thno cng phi c c t 1 nh cung cp nht nh.

Trong nhng loi turbine khc nhau hin c, vic thit k turbine hot ng ly tm(radial reaction turbine) chim u th trong nhng ng dng thit b x l kh

thin nhin dng my gin n turbine sinh hn. Nhng b phn ny hot ng

c vi khong thay i ln ca dng vo v iu kin p sut (bng vic s

dng nhiu loi van u vo khc nhau). Chng hot ng tc quay ln, v

th ph thuc vo vic thit k v hot ng (tng tnh cc thit b quay phc

tp).

Qu trnh thit k my gin nny i hi nhng kin thc v nhit ng lc hccng nh s hiu bit v nhng tnh cht ha l ca cc dng kh. Tng t my

nn, trong thit k thit b cn phi s dng cng thc tnh hp l c lin quan n

dng kh thc ch khng chn thun l kh l tng nh trong l thuyt. Mc

d vy, h thng iu khin,theo di s gin ncn phi t c nhng yu cu

t ra nhm m bo an ton v ng tin cy di nhng iu kin vn hnh

c thit k.

i vi my nn: Tng t my gin n.


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III. C sl thuyt:1/Nguyn l ho ng:

a)My gin n:- Trong qu trnh gin n, p sut v th tch c mi quan h:PVn=constant ( th)

nn kh gin kh thtch tng v p gim nh trnh by.Khi n=1 ta c qu trnhon nhit:

Hnh 6: Gin mi quan h gia p sut v th tch trong qu trnh gin n

Vi n: h son nhit

k: h sng entropy

Cp: nhit dung ring ng p

Cv: nhit dung ring ng tch

* Qu trnh l thuyt

- Ta c qu trnh l thuyt xt cho kh l tng, hiu sut on nhit ad = 100% i t 1n 2 (theo gin ). Khi p sut, nhit , enthalpy gim, entropy khng i


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* Qu trnh thc t

- Vi kh thc, ta c qu trnh si t 1->2->3, hiu sut on nhit ad < 100% Khi entropy khng l hng s na.

Trong qu trnh gin n, nhit gim nn ngi ta c th ng dng lm lnhdng kh, p sut gim nn hu ch trong nhng trng hp cn gim p. ng thi qutrnh gin nkh l sinh cng nn cng sinh ra thng c s dng trong my nn.

Hnh 7: M hnh compressor - expander


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Hnh 8: Gin Mollier i vi qu trnh gin n

b)My nn:- Ging nh my gin n, ta cng c gin Mollier cho qu trnh nn kh. V qu trnhnn cng theo l thuyt v thc tcho kh l tng v kh thc (hiu sut on nhit l100% i vi kh l tng v nh hn 100% i vi kh thc)

-Ngc li vi qu trnh gin n, nn kh s lm nhit , p sut v enthalpy tng.Entropy thay i khi qu trnh nn thc t.


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Hnh 9: Gin Mollier vi qu trnh nn kh

2/Tn on c bn:

a)My gin n:Gin Mollier ( Hnh 9) v p sut theo enthalpy, nh mt hm ca entropy v nhit

. iu kin nhp liu p sut cao P1 v nhit T1, s dng gi tr K, cng vi

phng php tnh ton enthalpy v entropy thch hp. Entropy S1 v Enthalpy H1 th thu

c c biu din ti im 1 (P1, T1, S1, H1) trn gin .

Theo ng ng entropy S1 ta c thu c p sut dng ra thp hn. im ny cbiu din theo nhit T2 v enthalpy H2 vi iu kin hiu sut gin non nhit l

100%. Sthay i enthalpy Hadth c biu din nh sau:

Had = H2H1 (1)

Vi hiu sut on nhit, ad, vi gi tr nhhn 100%, th gi tr enthalpy thc tctnh nh sau:

Hac = Had /ad (2)


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Enthalpy dng ra thc tth c tnh:H3 = H1 + Hac (3)

im 3 trn gin Mollier, biu din iu kin dng ra thc t.Cng qu trnh gin nng entropy (Ws) thc tth c tnh ton bng cch:

WS = (H2H1).J = Had*J

y, J l ng lng cng ca nng lng.

Nu tnh theo n v m lc, nng lng gin nng entropy ca dng ra c tnh:

GHPad = Had*778*F/33000 (5)

GHPac = Hac*778*F/33000 = GHPad/ad (6)

Ct p: HEADad = Had * 778 (7)

y:

GHP = Cng c tnh bng n v HP

Had = Sthay i enthalpy, BTU/lb

F = Lu lng khi lng dng, lb/min

HEADad = Ct p on nhit, ft

Gi tr33000 th c s dng chuyn i tn v ft-lb/min thnh n v hP.

Hiu sut qu trnh on nhitNu hiu sut on nhit l 100%, ct p on nhit th c tnh t biu thc (3), (4)

v (7).

Vic tnh ton vi h sng entropy k c tnh bng cch th v lp li nhiu ln:


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HEADac =

(8)

y:

z1, z2 l h s nn iu kin dng vo v dng ra.

R: l hng s kh

T1 nhit dng vo

Biu thc ct p qu trnh gin na bin c tnh ton nh sau:HEADp =

(9)

Ct p on nhit th lin h vi ct p qu trnh a bin nh sau:HEADad* ad = HEADp* p (10)

Hiu sut qu trnh a bin c tnh ton:p =

(11)

Cng qu trnh gin na bin ca Expander ( Cng c tnh trong PRO/II) c

tnh theo biu thc di y:

GHPp = HEADp * F/33000

H sa bin n, hiu sut qu trnh a bin pv ct p a bin th c xc nh bng

phng php thv nh gi sai s vi s dng biu thc (9), (10) v (11).

Phng php th v nh gi sai s c tin hnh nh sau:

Phng php ny c s dng trong tnh ton thit b gin n expander cng nh

my nn compressor.

tng:


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Trc ht, ta mc nh mt gi tr bt k cho hiu sut on nhit ca Expander 'ad

100%. ng thi vi mt hiu sut a bin p cng c mc nh. Dng kt qup

mc nh tnh ngc li hiu sut on nhit, nu hai gi tr bng nhau hoc

nm trong mt sai s cho phpth gi tr'adban u c s dng tnh ton cc thng

s ca cc qu trnh trong Expander. Ngc li ta phi chn li gi tr'ad mi thnh

trn cho n khi tha mn iu kin th.

Quy trnh gm cc bc sau:

1. Tnh c p on nhit:T gi trad cho trc kt hp vi cc biu thc (1), (2) v (7), ta c:

Had = H2H1 (1)

Hac = Had /ad (2)

HEADad = Had * 778 (7)

Suy ra: HEADac = Had /ad *778 (*)

2. Tnh t s k:Kt hp phng trnh (8) v phng trnh (*) trn ta tnh c k:

HEADac = Had /ad *778 (*)

HEADac =

(8) k= ?

3. Tnh h sa bin, n:Vi gi tr

pginh trc, da vo gi tr k va thu c v phng trnh (11)

ta tnh c n.

p =

(11) n = ?

4. Tnh c p a bin:


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T gi trn tnh c bc 4, kt hp vi phng trnh (9) ta tnh c gi tr

ct p a bin HEADp :

HEADp =

(9)

5. Tnh li ad :Tphng trnh (10) cng cc gi tr ca HEADp, HEADd p thu c cc

bc trn, ta tnh li ad.

HEADad* ad = HEADp* p (10)

Nu ad ='ad hoc |ad - 'ad| 5% th qu trnh th dng li. Ngc li ta dng

gi trad mi ny lp li php th.

b) My nn:- Trong Pro/II phng php tnh ton ca my nn v my gin nnh nhau.

- Nh ni phn trn, cng sut sinh ra ca my gin nsc s dng cho mynn.V vy ta s cho gi tr cng sut ca 2 my bng nhau.

IV. M phng trn Pro/II:Cc bi ton v d:

1/V d 1:M hnh h thng tch Methane ra khi hn hp kh dng Turbo Expander.

Mc ch: xc nh 1/ Cng sut ca Expander

2/ Thng s dng sn phm kh, lng.

Bit: Lu lng dng kh nhp liu: 8m3/s.

Nhit : 120oF. p sut 602.7psi.


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Hn hp kh c thnh phn nh sau:

Thnh phn % mol Thnh phn % mol

N2 7.91 n-C

4H

10 2.44

CH4 73.05 i-C

5H

12 0.69

C2H

6 7.68 n-C

5H

12 0.82

C3H

8 5.69 C

6H

14 0.42

i-C4H

10 0.99 C

7H

16 0.31

- iu kin vn hnh cc thit b:My nn: hiu sut 75%, cng sut lm vic ly t my gin n.

My gin n: hiu sut 80%, p sut 125 psi.

Thit b truyn nhit: HX1: tn tht p sut dng nng 10 psi, dng lnh 5 psi, nhit

dng nng vodng lnh ra qua thit b 10oF.HX2: tn tht p sut dng nng 5 psi, nhit sn phm -84oF.

Valve : p sut lm vic 125 psi.

Thp chng ct:

- Thp chng ct 10 a, nhp liu a 1 v 3 vi p sut 125 psi.- Lu lng sn phm nh 500 lb-mol/hr.- Yu cu cht lng ca sn phm y l t l C1/C2 = 0.015.

S n:


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Hin thc m hnh vi PRO/II:

1.Xy dng m hnh thit b

2.Nhp cc cu t dng nhp liu

3. Chn phng trnh nhit ng thch hp

4. Thit lp cc thng s dng nhp liu

5. Thit lp d liu v thit b

a/ Thit btrao i nhit E1, E2

b/ Thit b Flash F1


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c/ Thit b gin nTurboexpander EX1

d/ Thit b my nn Compressor C1

e/ Thit b Valve V1

f/ Thit bthp chng ct T1

Ta thc hin nh video hng dn km theo.

2/ Bi ton mrng:

Video nh km.


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V. Kt qu m phng bng Pro/II:1/ Kt qu ca m phng v d 1:

Thit b E1:


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Thit b E2:

Thit b F1:

Thit b EX1:


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Thit b V1:

Thit b T1:


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Thit b C1:

Cng c optimize:


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Vi vic nhp li a s5 ay v a s 3 th kt qu ca column T1 l:

Nhn xt: Thy c nhi lng cn n si y p c gim so vi khica i ; tuy nhin kt qu ti nn c l ng ng .

2/ Kt qu bi ton mrng:


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Thit b C1:


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Thit b C2:

VI. Tham kho:1. Bi ging mn ng dng tin hc trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc PGS TS. Nguyn

nh Th.2. Cn bn trong Pro/IINguyn Vn Trung.3. Thit k m phngThS. L ThNh .4. Cc qu trnhthit b trong cng ngh ha hc v thc phm (Tp 1)PGS TS.

Nguyn Bin.

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