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Chng 13THIT B SY

Qu trnh tch m ca bn thnh phm vi sinh tng hp l mt trong nhng cngon cui cng trong sn xut cc cht hot ho sinh hc. Cht lng canh trng cha

nm men, vitamin, axit amin, enzim... c m 30 60% cn phi sy. Trong cc thitb sy, cht lng canh trng b kh nc n 5 12%.

Sy cc sn phm thuc lnh vc sn xut bng phng php vi sinh l qu trnhphc tp. Tt c cc sn phm thu nhn c t tng hp vi sinh c chia ra lm hainhm chnh:

- Cc sn phm m sau khi sy khng i hi bo gi kh nng sng ca vi sinhvt hay khng i hi hot ho cao ca cc ch phm v cc sn phm c s dngnh ngun cc cht dinh dng (nm men gia sc, to, axit amin...).

- Cc sn phm m sau khi sy cn bo gi kh nng sng hay bo gi hot hocao ca cc ch phm (men bnh m, mt s vi khun v enzim, dc phm bo v thcvt...).

Tt nhin l i vi sn phm nhm 1 c thng dng ch sy cao hn, trong i vi nhm 2 i hi ch sy thp hn v thi gian ngn hn.

Ti u ho vic la chn phng php sy v cc kt cu ca my sy c linquan cht ch vi c tnh ca cc sn phm em sy. tnh ton qu trnh sy cnphi bit m ca sn phm ban u v cui, cu trc ng dn, nht, sc bn bmt, h s nhit dung, dn nhit, n nhit , bn nhit, thnh phn ho hc...

13.1. PHN LOI CC MY SY

V sn phm em sy c rt nhiu loi, cho nn trong thc t cng c s dngnhiu loi my sy khc nhau. C th nu tng qut v s phn loi nh sau:

- Theo phng php np nhit, cc my sy c chia ra loi i lu hay tip xc.- Theo dng cht ti nhit: khng khi, kh v hi.

- Theo tr s p sut trong phng sy: lm vic p sut kh quyn hay chnkhng.

- Theo phng php tc ng: tun hon, lin tc.

- Theo hng chuyn ng ca vt liu v cht ti nhit trong cc my sy ilu: cng chiu, ngc chiu v vi cc dng ct nhau.

- Theo kt cu: phng, ng hm, bng ti, sy tng si, sy phun, thng quay,tip xc, thng hoa, bc x nhit.

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13.3. MY SY THEO PHNG PHP THNG HOA

Sy thng hoa l qu trnh tch m t cc sn phm bng phng php lnh ngv tip theo l chuyn lm lnh ng c to thnh trong sn phm thnh hi, quapha long ngn ngi khi un nng sn phm trong chn khng. Khi sy thng hoa, mchuyn di trong sn phm dng hi khng ko theo n nhng cht trch ly v nhngvi sinh vt. Trong sn xut vi sinh, sy thng hoa c ng dng cho cc vi sinh vt,

nm men, vitamin, khng sinh, cc enzim khng bn nhit cao.Thng qu trnh sy thng hoa c bt u t lc lm lnh ng b mt sn

phm n nhit 20, 300C. Tc lm lnh ng cc vt liu khng bn nhit nhhng ti vic bo qun hot ng sng ca vi sinh vt v hot ho ca cc chphm sinh hc, v khi lm lnh nhanh cc sn phm to nn bn trong t bo, xyra bin i nhanh chng thnh phn cc dung dch sinh l bn trong v bn ngoi t bov dn ti s ph hu v lm cht t bo.

Tt c cc vt liu sinh hc em sy thng hoa c m khc nhau, cho nnchng c nhng im ba tecti khc nhau, khi c th c s cn bng , pha lng vpha hi. Cho nn i vi cc vt liu vi sinh , tc lnh ng ca chng c xc nhbng thc nghim. Qu trnh thng hoa xy ra nhng gi tr p sut hi trn b mt vtliu v gi tr nhit trong cc im nm di im ba cn bng pha ca dung mi(nc).

Thng khi sy thng hoa cc vt liu vi sinh, p sut d = 133,3 13,3 Pa, vnhit ca vt liu bt u sy bng 200C, 300C. Khi m ca sn phm b gim

xung ti thiu, nhit ca vt liu tng n + 30

0

C, + 40

0

C. iu kin sy nh thbo m qu trnh oxy ho ti thiu ca sn phm do hm lng oxy khng ng ktrong mi trng kh ca phng sy. Trong cc my sy thng hoa dng cng nghip,vic np nhit ti sn phm hoc bng dn nhit hoc nhcc tia hng ngoi.

Cc my sy thng hoa c s tc ng tun hon hay lin tc. Hnh 13.1 ch snguyn tc sy thng hoa tc ng tun hon.Thit b ny gm phng sy hnh tr kn(ni thng hoa) 1, trong c gin ng rng 2, vt liu sy cho vo y. Ni thng hoalm vic mt cch tun hon nh mt phng lnh. ch lm lnh, bm 5 y tcnhn lnh bn trong ng rng 2.

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S lm lnh ca cht ti nhit c tin hnh trong b trao i nhit 3 c nhrut xon, cht lm ngui i qua v vo thit b lm lnh 4. Khi ni thng hoa lmvic ch ca my sy, cht ti nhit c un nng trong b trao i nhit 7 v yvo cc ng rng nhbm 6.

S ngng t hi c to ra khi sy trong ni thng hoa c tin hnh trong ningng t chng thng hoa 10. N l mt b trao i nhit, hn hp hi - khng kh tni thng hoa vo khng gian gia cc ng ca b trao i nhit. Cht lm ngui(amoniac, freon) qua cc ng 11 ca ni chng thng hoa vo thit b lm lnh 9.Thng lm lnh b mt thng hoa v ngng t, ngi ta s dng my nn 2 hoc 3cp c kh nng m bo lnh b mt n nhit 600C, 400C.

Cc kh cha ngng tc tch ra khi ni chng thng hoa bng bm chnkhng 8. Hi ngng tc lm lnh dng lp trn b mt cc ng lnh ca nichng thng hoa. V trong qu trnh lm vic ca ni chng thng hoa, cc ng 11 bph bi mt lp ng k, nn cn lm tan bng mt cch chu k. thc hin iu, y nc nng t bun 7 vo cc ng 11.

Hin nay ngi ta bt u s dng ph bin cc thit b thng hoa tc ng lintc. Sy thng hoa lin tc gm hai ni thng hoa v hai b chng thng hoa, chng lmvic lun phin nhau.

Nng sut ca thit b thng hoa tc ng lin tc tnh theo m bc hi ln hn200 kg/h. Thi gian c mt ca sn phm trong my sy t 40 n 110 pht, nhit cao nht ca sn phm cui qu trnh sy nh hn 270C.

Ch tngng

Dung dch nc nng chy

Nc nng

Hn hp hi - khng kh

Cht ti nhit Cht ti nhitc lnh

Hi

K

ca

ngngt

Tcnhnlnh

Tcnhnlnh

Cht ti nhit6

Hnh 13.1. S thit b sy thng hoa tc ng tun

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13.4. MY SY PHUN

Sy phun trong cng nghip vi sinh c s dng sy kh cc cht c ca dungdch canh trng cc cht khng sinh ng vt, cc axit amin, cc enzym, cc cht trchly nm thu nhn c trn cc mi trng dinh dng rn, cc dung dch cht lng thunhn c khi lm lng enzym bng cc dung mi v chay bng cc mui trung ho,cng nh cc phn c cht lng canh trng.

Nng cht kh trong dung dch em sy ln hn 10%.

Cc my sy phun c s dng trong cc x nghip vi sinh, cho php tin hnhqu trnh cc ch tng i mm loi tr nhng tn tht ln cc cht hot hosinh hc.

Phun ly tm cho kh nng phun u sn phm cht lng v tng cng qu trnhbc hi.

Dung dch em sy chy qua a c u phun vi s vng quay ln, nh cctiu phn cht lng bin thnh nhng ht rt nh (sng m) v b mt hot ho cacht lng c tng ln.

Phng dng sy c ch to bng loi thp khng g. Chng c th c yphng hay y nn. Loi y phng phi c ccu tho sn phm kh. Cn loi yhnh nn th thnh phm dng bt c y ra di tc ng ca lc ly tm.

Nhanh chng trong qu trnh sy, nhit ca vt liu sy thp, sn phm nhnc dng bt nh khng cn phi nghin li v c ho tan ln, l nhng u

vic ca my sy phun. V sy qu nhanh, nhit ca vt liu trong sut chu k sykhng vt qu nhit ca m bc hi (60 700C) v thp hn nhiu so vi nhit ca tc nhn sy.

Nhc im ca loi ny l kch thc ca phng sy tng i ln, do tc chuyn ng ca cc tc nhn sy khng ln v sc cng nh ca phng so m bc hi(2 2,5 kg/m2h), cng nh s phc tp v ccu phun, h thu hi bi v tho dsnphm.

My sy phun c y phng.My sy c phng sy 3, sn phm lng c phuntrong phng nha quay nhanh 6. Khng kh nng hay kh l c y vo phng vsn phm chuyn ng thnh dng song song vi vt liu.

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ng

ng n ng Cht lng

Sn p mkh

Hnh 13.2. My sy phun y phngCc git cht lng khi ri vo dng khng kh nng, hay khi chng b cht ti

nhit bao ph ly mi hng v trong mt vi giy m bc ht v sn phm lng xungy phng dng bt. Sn phm c chuyn dch nhco 5 v ra khi my sy nhvt ti 4 hay nhccu vn chuyn khc. Tc nhn sy b ht lin tc nhqut 1. Khii qua b lc 2 lm lng, nhng tiu phn nh ca sn phm b dng kh mang i.Trong cc my sy tng t, cc cht lng c th phn tn bng cc a phun, vi chc, vi kh ng hc.

Cc my sy phun lm vic c ng knh t 500 n 15000 mm, nng sut bchi m t 500 n 15000 kg/h.

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Trong cc gian phng c chiu cao gii hn, thng ngi ta thit k cc my syc y phng b tr gn, d lm sch. Khi cn thit nhn cc sn phm v trng,ngi ta s dng cc phng sy c y hnh nn, v chng c t khe hhn, khng khnhim bn c th qua cc l ny.

Cc my s y phun c y hnh nn. Thit b c nng sut m bc hi 1500 3500 kg/h. My sy gm: V tr 9 c y hnh nn tho bt kh. Dung dch y vo

sy b phun ra nhccu ly tm 13 c a 10. Tc nhn sy a vo phn trn ca thit

X vo quy n

X X

T ot

khng khlm lnh

Vn ti b ng khng hc

K ng vo vnti bng khng hc

Hnh 13.3. My sy phun y hnh nn

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b theo ng dn 7. cui ng dn 7 lp ccu phun hnh nn 8. Nhccu 8, to ra

t bt nh cn li lng xung y hnh nn v thon c

c 10000 vng/pht tng cqua hp gim tc. bi tr

sy, ngi ta t cc ccu bo him 3 v 18.

ng canh trng 2, cc bm ly tm 3 v9, thi

dng xoy ca kh a vo. Cc git sn phm c phun bng a b bao ph bi dngkhng kh v chuyn xung di.

m c bc hi, cc phncu 1 chuyn sn phm vo h bng ti kh ng hc. ty sch cc tiu

phn ca sn phm bm trn tng, lp my rung 17. Tc nhn sy b thi c mang theocc tiu phn nh ca sn phm ra khi thit b sy qua ng dn 2 vo xyclon tchbt. kho st bn trong, c xe nng 4, ngun chiu sng 6 v ca 5. Tm ngn mysy 11 c cc van bo him dng cc a chng nhau v dng ng ng 12 x khsy khi tng p sut ng k.

a phun 10 quay vi tn ccu phun, phn trn ca thit b c lp ccu chc v b lc m14. V

lng in 15 dng nng ccu phun.

trnh chy sn phm trong my

My sy c tht trong phng kn hay ngoi tri.

Hnh 13.4 ch h thng sy phun t hp.

B sy gm thng cha dung dch cht lt b lc kh 1, phng sy 4, ccu tho dy bt kh vo bng ti kh ng

10, cc b lc vi khun 7, qut hai chiu 6, calorife 8, thng cha sn phm kh 12, ccb lng bng xyclon 11, b tho dxyclon 13, b lc khng kh 5 y vo calorife 8.

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Dungdch

Khng kh tkh quy n

Hnh 13.4. H thng sy phun thp

i vi dng my sy ny, nhit tc nhn sy khi vo my c iu chnhtrong 0 0

hnh 13.4 ng dng trong cngnghi

ng 13.1. c tnh k thut ca cc loi my sy trong hnh 13.4i lng , kg

gii hn 135 390 C, khi ra 60 100 C. m ban u ca huyn ph 60 100%. Nng sut tnh theo m bc hi 500 1000 kg/h.

c tnh k thut ca cc loi my sy phun trongp vi sinh c gii thiu bng 13.1.

B

Kh

Nhn hiuknh bn cao

x ,

hot sut tnht

HK BK

ng Chiu Th tch Nng

heo mbc hi,

kg/h

trong,mm

phnilanhmm

ng,

m3

-1,2/09 1200 0,9 -

13

700 -

13 0

800 10

- 4/50 4000 4000 50 500 700 - 00

-5/120 5000 6000 120 1200 24500 - 22500

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- 6,5/200 6500 6000 200 2000 29000 - 27500

- 8/350 8000 7000 350 3500 40000 - 37500

-10/550 10000 7000 550 5500 62000 - 61000

-12,5/1100 12500 9000 1100 11000 70000 - 67000

-12,5/1500 12500 12000 1500 15000 80000 - 77000

13.5. MY SY PHUN KIU TRC QUAY

sy nguyn liu dng lng, dng btnho

ung sy c ngha quan trng khi sy trong cc my sy kiu trcquay

cng nghi p vi sinh rt tin li,nht l

ng quay ca trc c iu chnh theo ch ca ng cc bn tc .

0,2000

l my sy mt trc p sut thng.

c vo dng sn phm sykhon

My sy kiu trc quay c ng dng (bt nho rong bin, nm men, khng sinh, vitamin...) p sut kh quyn hay

trong chn khng.

kn ca bv ngn nga c s nhim bn ca sn phm.

Vic ng dng my sy kiu thng quay trong trong cc x nghip c nng sut nh. Nhc im ca loi ny l nhit ca

trc qu cao (140 1500C) cui qu trnh sy lm cho protein v axit amin b khhot tnh (n 15%). Thit b sy mt trc p sut kh quyn (hnh 13.5) c tang quay2 vi b dn ng 3. Hi c np vo bn trong tang quay. Mt phn tang quay nmtrong thng 7, dung dch c cho vo y qua ng ni 5. B khuy trn 6 lm chuyn

o dung dch trong thng v trng ln tang quay mt lp c b dy 0,1 1,0 mm. Khitang quay mt vng th lp sn phm s kp kh v bc khi b mt tang nhcc daoco 4. Vt 8 ti sn phm kh ra khi my. Hi c p sut n 0,5 MPa c a voqua c trc ca tang quay, nc ngng cng c tho ra qua chnh c trc theo ngxifng 1.

S v

ng knh ca tang quay thng c sn xut theo cc c600, 800, 100mm. Nghim cm s y trong thit b ny nhng vt liu d n v bc ra

nhng loi hic!

Trong hnh 13.5.

Nng sut ca my sy tnh theo m bc hi ph thug 10 50 kg/(m2h).

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My sy hai tr quay 2 vi b mtc

T i ng m

Ca i vo

Thotncngng

Hnh 13.5. My sy mt trc p sut thng

c c p sut thng (hnh 13.6) gm hai tangmi nhn, quay ngc chiu nhau vi vng quay 2 10 vng/pht trong v khp

kn 1. Mt trong cc tang quay c l p trong cc cnh, iu cho php iu

chnh khe hgia cc trc (tang quay) trong gii hn n 1 2 mm.Trn cc trc c ccccu phun v 5 dng qut y hi c tch ra trong qu trnh sy. Qu trnh syv tho sn phm sy cng c thc hin nh loi my sy mt trc. B dn ng cctrc 10 gm ng c, hp gim tc v truyn ng bnh rng. Sn phm c tch rakhi trc thng phi c sy li trong cc my sy dng vt ti 6 v 7, c o ngoi vb khuy trn. B dn ng 9 lm cho vt ti quay. Sn phm kh c tho ra quakhp ni 8. Nc ngng t tang quay c tho ra qua ng xifng 3, cn t bunnng qua c trc rng ca vt v ng xifng. Dng dao 4 tch sn phm ra khi bmt trc.

Ca i vo

Thot nc ngng

Sn p m c s y

p sn p m

t s n p m

T ot sn p m

Ca t ot nc

Ca nc vo

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my sy hot ng bnh thng iu cn thit l b mt trc phi nhn, cctrc quay t do, cc di ng d dng chuyn dch nhcc vt c bit v khng xuthin khe hgia trc v dao.

Lng bc hi t 1 m2 din tch b mt un nng trong mt n v thi gian nhhn my mt trc. My sy hai trc c sn xut c ng knh cc trc (tang quay)600, 800, 1000 mm.

Dung c

My sy mt trc v hai trc p sut chn khng c v kn v c lp cc thitb ph to v gi trong thit b chn khng (phn ly, b ngng t, bm chnkhng). un nng cc trc, ngoi hi ra cn s dng nc nng hay cc cht tinhit hu cc nhit si cao.

u im ca cc my sy trc l sy lin tc vi b mt bc hi tng i ln

[n 70 kg/(m2

h)], hiu qu kinh t cao do mt mt nhit t.Nhc im l m sn phm tng i cao, kh nng qu nhit ca sn phm

khi sy d xy ra.

Bng 13.2. c im kthut ca cc my sy trc

Cc ch s COA- 600-1400 - 800/2000

Kch thc cc trc, mm

ng knh 600 800

1 2 3 4 1 2 5Hi

cngng

Hi 6

7c ngng7 89 Sn ph m kh

nh 13.6. My sy hai trc p sut thng

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chiu di 1400 2000

B mt hot ng ca trc, m2 2,6 4,8

S vng quay ca trc, vng/ph 1,3; 4,2; 6,4; 8,53,1 9,5

Cng sut ng cb dn ng, kW 7,9; 12,5 ; 13,5; 17,51,6; 3,2; 5,0

Cng sut ng cca my nghin, kW 1,71,7

Ap sut hi trong cc trc, MPa 4,44,4

Tiu hao hi cho 1 kg m bc hi, kg 215 3

Kch thc cbn, mm 501524901950338017251090

Khi lng, kg 73322178

Ghi ch: K hiu my sy: O- My sy mt trc, - My sy hai trc, A- Ap sut thng, su l ng knh ca trc (mm), s th hai- Chiu di trc (mm), - Phn trc chm trong b.

13.6.THIT B SY KIU TO XOY

Thit b sy to xoy c nng sut cao c s dng rng ri trong sn xut ccch phm enzim. Trong thit b sy to xoy c kt hp cc qu trnh sy v nghin snphm.

Thit b (hnh 13.7) gm my sy theo phng php tng si 5 c kt cu phctp, cc b lc th v lc tinh khng kh 1 v 2, b lc kh thi 9, calorife 4 v 4 , cc

qut 3 v 10, gung ti 11 vn chuyn cc ht dng bi t cc phu ca b lc ti 8,xyclon 7 v u xoay 6.

K ng

Sn ph m t

Sn p m

Khng kh

HiNc ngng

c mt

c ai c ngng

Hnh 13.7. Thit bsy kiu to xoy

4

My sy tng si 5 c my nghin trong phng xoy vi ng knh 1500 v brng 320 mm. Nghin chng nm mc v sy c tin hnh song song vi hai mc,

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nh m lng m bc hi ln 320 kg m/ h, mc d kch thc ca my sy khngln lm, hot ho ca enzim c bo ton tng i.

Cc chi tit ca thit b c tip xc vi vt liu u c ch to bng loi thpkhng g.

Vt np liu chuyn canh trng nm mc vo b phn phun ca my sy 5 vc dng khng kh t calorife vo bao ph ly. Cht ti nhit theo rnh vo khu vcnghin, bao ph ly ht ca sn phm v chuyn vo phn khc ca my sy. Cho nnsy canh trng nm mc mc mt xy ra ng thi khu vc nghin th nht. Chtti nhit ln hai t calorife 4 theo rnh th hai vo phn di ca phng xoy. Tc khng kh t calorife 4 vo c iu chnh nhnm tm xoay lp phn di cabung sy. Sn phm kh c tho ra ngoi theo ng ng ng qua u xoay 6 votng xyclon 7.

Khng kh np vo sy canh trng nm mc phi c v trng trong cc blc th 1 v lc tinh 2, v c un nng trong calorife 4 n 140 0C (trong dng u)

v trong calorife 4 n 1000C (trong dng th hai).

Khng kh thi khi qua xyclon 7 vo h lc ti 8 c din tch b mt 50 m2 trongkhoang 4 l. Trong mi l c 14 ti vi. Cc li phn di khoang lc c dng phn bu khng kh vo cc ti lc. Nhccu c bit lm rung gin on theo tht cc l ca ti lc, v sn phm dng bi t phu lc vo gung ti 11 ri kt hp vidng sn phm chnh.

Tho sn phm qua ca u. Khng kh thi qua b lc khng kh 9 v 10 y ra

ngoi.My sy c trang b cc dng c kim tra tng v iu chnh cc thng s

ca qu trnh.

c tnh kthut ca my sy to xoy:

Nng sut, kg/h:

theo sn phm ban u: 660

theo m bc hi: 330m ca sn phm, %:

ban u: n 60

cui: 10 12

Nhit cho php un nng canh trng nm mc, 0C: 35

ng knh bung xoy, mm: 1500

Cng sut ng c, kW: 22Cc calorife:

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dng: -6

din tch b mt un nng, m2: 32,4

tiu hao hi ln nht trong iu kin ma ng, kg/h: 1090

Ap sut hi, MPa: 0,6

Cc qut:

loi: - 9

s lng: 4

Tng cng sut ng c, kW: 117

13.7. MY SY KIU BNG TI DNG HI DNG KCK

Loi my ny dng sy cc chng siu nm, khng sinh dng cho chn nui vcc sn phm tng hp t vi sinh vt. My sy KCK c nng sut ln v d dng trongthao tc. C thng dng n sy cc ch phm vi sinh khc nhau vi iu kin knhon ton v v trng khng kh thi.

My sy (hnh 13.8) l t kim loi kn 8, bn trong c t 4 n 5 nhnh bng ti 3.Cc bng chuyn c sn xut bng li thp khng g vi kch thc l 20 1,5 mm,v mi bng c cng ra trn cc tang truyn chng 7 v tang bng 5. Cc bngti c b rng khc nhau ph thuc vo nng sut ca my sy. Mi bng c th c b

dn ng c lp vi hp gim tc, hoc c th c b dn ng chung cho php thay itc ca cc bng ti t 1,14 n 1,0 m/pht. Khng kh sy cho vo di nhnhth hai ca bng ti v c un nng nhcc calorife hi 4 lp gia cc bng li cami nhnh. Khng kh xuyn qua tt c cc bng li v sn phm nm trn . Khngkh c bo ho m v sau khi lm v trng th c qut 2 thi ra ngoi.

Hnh 13.8.My sy dng 4-KCK

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Sn phm trc khi sy cn tn nh sb v bng ti 1 chuyn n nhnh trnca bng chuyn my sy. Sn phm cng vi bng chuyn n u cui cng ri xung bng di.

Khi sy cc chng nm, nhit khng kh vng di bng 400C, vng gia -520 0C v vng trn 65 70 C. Cn t my sy trong phng bit lp, thng thong.

Nng sut tnh theo sn phm th 4 tn/ngy.

Trong cc my sy KCK b mt s dng ca bng ch khong mt na v ccnhnh di ca bng ti chy khng ti. khc phc nhc im ny c th sn xutnhng my sy c nhiu bng ti, vt liu nm trn nhnh trn v nhnh di ca bngkhi chuyn ng xui v ngc.

13.8. MY SY DNG BNG TI

sy cc chng siu nm thng dng loi ny.T hp my gm b tn th 5,bng ti tip liu 1, my sy bng ti 2 v h chun b khng kh gm: cc b lc 4 v 6,calorife 3, cc b np v phn b khng kh, b rung 7.

My sy 2 l t kim loi bn trong c 5 bc bng ti li c cng trn cc tang.Mi b chuyn ti gm c cc bng ti c cng trn hai tang trong c tang chng. Cc tang chuyn ng c nhng cchung qua hp gim tc.

Trong hnh 13.9 l my sy dng bng ti.

Qu trnh sy c thc hin trong ba vng. Khng kh c a vo mi vngu c nhit thch hp. Bc trn cng l vng th nht, ba bc tip theo l vng thhai v bc cui cng l vng th ba.

Canh trng nui cy nm mc c m n 55% c a vo my tn 5. Khichuyn di trong khun ko (c lng vo trong mt mt ca my to ht), canhtrng b p ra qua cc l c ng knh 4 mm, ri b dao ct ra thnh tng mnh chnh xilanh vi chiu di 4 mm, v ri u thnh lp qua bng chuyn np liu dngrung 1 n nhnh trn ca my sy 2.

Khng kh a c np vo pha di li ca vng th nht c nhit 650

Cv vo thi gian chuyn dch theo bng u tin, canh trng c sy n m 35%.Khi chuyn di theo cc bng ca vng th hai. Khng kh vng th hai c nhit 450C, canh trng c sy n m 10 12%.

vng th ba canh trng c lm lnh (nhkhng kh c nhit 160C) n250C v chuyn ra ngoi. Khng kh vo v ra khi my sy u c lc qua cc blc bng du v kim loi. My sy c trang b cc dng c kim tra nhit khngkh v canh trng, hiu chnh tng v ghi nhit trong qu trnh sy.

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Hnh 13.9. My sy dng bng ti

Snhmm

Theo A

c im kthut ca my sy bng bng ti:

Nng sut tnh theo canh trng nm mc kh c m 10%, tn/ngy: 3,5

S lng bng ti li: 5

Din tch bng ti, m2: 30

B rng li bng ti, mm: 1250

Tc iu chnh chuyn ng bng ti, m/pht: 0,04 5,7

ng knh cc tang ca bng ti, mm: 244

Thi gian sy v lm lnh, pht: 40 60

Nhit cao nht un nng canh trng trong qa trinh sy, 0C: 57

Cng sut ng c, kW: 29

Kch thc cbn, mm:

ca my sy: 556028002790

ca t hp thit b: 2440050003950

Khi lng, kg: 11600

Tiu hao n v cho 1 tn canh trng kh:i vi khng kh, m3 : 17800

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i vi hi (p sut 392 kPa), kg: 6000

i vi nng lng in, kWh: 200

13.9. TNH TON THIT B SY

Cc thit b sy c ng dng trong cng nghip vi sinh gm ba phn cbn:my sy, calorifev thit b thng gi. My sy c tnh ton theo lng sn phmkh v theo cc thng sc chn la ca qu trnh.

chn kt cu v cc b phn ca ca my sy ngi ta cn phi bit nng sutca n, loi tc nhn sy, phng php un nng v phng php np ti vt liu sy,phng php lun chuyn tc nhn sy (t nhin hay cung bc), phng php np vti liu. tnh ton cc thng s ca qu trnh sy cn phi bit m ban u v nhit cho php cao nht ca sn phm, nhit dung cht kh ca sn phm, kch thc vkhi lng sn phm, cc thng s ca khng kh xung quanh v khng kh thi, nhit

cho php cao nht ca tc nhn sy, tc tc nhn sy v thi gian sy sn phm.Tnh ton thit b sy c tin hnh theo th t sau:

1. Chn loi thit b sy.

2. Tnh bung sy: Xc nh kch thc bung, xut pht t nng sut ca thit b nhn cu trc, cn bng vt liu, cn bng nhit; tnh tiu hao khng kh v tiu haonhit un nng; tiu hao n v ca nhit cho bc m 1 kg.

3. Tnh thit bun nng (v d, calorife): Chn kt cu ca calorife v tc nhnnhit, tnh sai khc trung bnh ca nhit , h s truyn nhit, b mt trao i nhit cacalorife, chn calorife.

4. Tnh thit b thng gi: Chn s np v thi khng kh, tnh sc cn theotuyn chuyn ng ca khng kh v trong thit b sy, chn qut gi v tnh cng sutca ng c.

Chn loi thit bsy cc sn phm thu c tphng php tng hp sinhhc. Sy huyn ph khi vi sinh v cc dung dch cc cht hot ho sinh hc l qu

trnh cng ngh phc tp. Cho nn khi chn phng php sy cc cht ny cn ch n cht lng sn phm sy trong cc loi thit b sy khc nhau.

chn loi my sy cn tin hnh phn tch cc ch s kinh t - k thut ca qutrnh i vi mi mt sn phm c th. Chng ta a ra cc ch s kinh t - k thut cacc phng php sy nm men gia sc v lizin (bng 13.3 v 13.4).

Khi chn loi thit b v ch sy tt nht phi kho st ba nhm ch s - cngngh, k thut nhit v hiu qu kinh t.

Nhm th nht bao gm: nng sut thit b, nhng c im v cu to my sy,ch cng ngh, kch thc cbn ca thit b, kh nng ckh ho v tng hoqu trnh np liu v tho sn phm, lm sch khng kh v cc ch s khc. Nhm th

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hai bao gm nng sut ca thit b sy, tiu hao nhit cho mt n vm bc hi, nhngtn tht nhit ca thit b, kh nng s dng nhit ca kh thi...Nhm th ba c linquan n s phc tho ra nhng ch sy mi do thit k, lp rp my sy, nhng vn lin quan n chi ph vn hnh, chi tr lng.

Cn ch c bit ti cht lng sn phm, nhng tn tht xut hin trong snxut cc sn phm t tin, ch n hiu qu lm sch kh thi cha kh c...Ngoi ra

cng cn ch cc ch s ca thit b ph (h lm sch, qut gi, hun nng khngkh...).

Bng 13.3. Cc chssy nm men gia sc vi cc phng php khc nhau

Nng sut tnhtheo m bc hi,

kg/h

Tiu hao nhitcho 1 tn m bc

hi, kg

Nng sut n vtnh theo m bc

hi

Tiu hao kimloi cho my

Loi thit b

30(1)1801000My sy kiu trc 20

My sy phun

My sy tng si

1000

1000

200

200

8(2) 35

(2) 3250 280

Ghi ch: (1)n v th nguyn kg/(m2h).

(2)n v th nguyn kg/ (m2h).

Tip theo bng 13.3

Nhit cht ti nhitkhi ra khi my, K

Cng sutng c, kW

Tiu hao n v, kJ/ kgLoi my sy

My sy kiu trc 20 5443 5862 343,15 353,15

My sy phun 47 4815 (kh l) 573,15

6029 (khng kh un nng)

My sy tng si 40 5652 (khng kh un nng) 573,15

Bng 13.4. Cc chssy cht c cha lizin dng cho gia scvi cc phng php khc nhau

Nhit ca cht tinhit, K

Ti trngn v

(theo vtliu m),kg/ m

Nng sut n vtnh theo

m bc hi,

Tc ca chtti nhit,

m/ s

Cc phng php sy

Khi vo Khi rakg/ (m2.h)2

My sy dng bng ti 25 1,2 15 340 310

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My sy tng si dng rung 40 3 50

My sy tng si 40 5 65 388,15 363

My sy phun - 32 1 3

389 373[4 9 kg/(m2.h)]

Xc nh kch thc cbn ca bung sy. Cc kch thc cbn ca bungsy xut pht t nng sut v thi gian.

My s y thng quay. Khi tnh ton my sy loi thng quay cn xc nh sccha ca thng, ng knh, chiu di, s vng quay trong 1 pht v cng sut tiu th.

Sc cha ca thng (m3):A

WV =t

trong : W- lng m bc hi, kg/h;

2A - ng sut ca m bc hi, kg/ (m h).

i lngA ph thuc vo dng sn phm, vo nhit ca tc nhn sy t1 v ktcu ca my sy. C th s dng cc tr s caA sau y:

Nhit ca tc nhn sy t1,0C: 130 150 ; 300 400 ; 500 700

ng sut ca m bc hiA, kg/(m3h): 2 4 ; 6 12 ; 15 25

ng sut ca thng quay theo m c th ln hn, v di vi b c ci, khi t1 =

7500C th A = 185 kg/(m3h); b ng sau khi trch ly khi t1 = 300 0C th A= 40 50kg/(m3h).

Thi gian c mt ca sn phm trong thng quay (s):

G

V t=

trong : - khi lng xp y ca sn phm, kg/m3;

- h s cha y thng quay; G - khi lng ca sn phm np vo thngquay, kg/s.

S vng quay ca thng, vng/s:

Dtga

Ln=

trong :L - chiu di ca thng quay, m;

a - h s ph thuc vo dng m bn trong thng (ca ccu chuyn di)v ng knh thng quay (v d, khi ng knh thng quay t 1,2 2,8

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m i vi m nng bng 1,2; i vi m thng - 0,6 0,4; i vi m - 0,65 0,33);

D - ng knh thng quay, m. T s gia chiu di L v ng knh Dthng t 3 5;

tg- tg gc nghing ca thng quay.

Cng sut (kW) ng cca thng quay:

N= 0,07D3Ln

trong : - h s ph thuc vo dng m v mc cht y thng quay (khi = 0,2i vi m nng bng 0,063; i vi m thng - 0,038; i vi m - 0,01);

n - s vng quay ca thng, vng/s.

My sy dng bng ti.Kch thc cbn ca my sy ny c tnh xut phtt nng sut ca my sy G(kg/h) theo sn phm v thi gian (s).

Lng sn phm trn bng ti (kg) = G.

Chiu cao ca phn bng ti hot ng (m):

( )fG

L

=

trong : - khi lng xp y ca sn phm, kg/m3

;f - din tch tit din ngang ca sn phm trn bng ti, m2.

Khi sy sn phm xp y:

18

2bf =

bhf

3

2= hay

trong : b - b rng ca sn phm xp trn bng ti, m;

h - Chiu cao ca lp sn phm, m.

12

bh=05,09,0 = Bb ;

trong :B - b rng ca bng ti, m.

Khi sy sn phm c tit din vung:

F= bh

Tc chuyn ng ca bng ti (m/s):

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f

GLv

==

B rng ca bung (m) trong bng ti c chuyn ng:

( ) 21b 21 BBZZBB ++=

trong :Z- s lng bng ti c lp song song nhau;- khong cch gia cc bng ti, m;B2BB1 B - khong cch t cc bng ti binn tng, m.

Chiu di ca bung (m):

Lb =L0 +D + 2l

trong :L0 - khong cch gia cc tm ca tang cng v tang dn ng, m;

l - khong cch t thng quay n tng bung, m.Chiu cao ca bung sy (m):

( ) 3211 hhhmmDH +++=

trong : m - s lng tng sy;

h1 - khong cch gia cc tang ca hai tng ln cn, m, (h = 0,15 m);1

h2 - khong cch t tang trn n trn bung sy, m, (h2 = 0,27 m);

h3 - khong cch t tang di n sng thit b, m, (thng ly 0,3 m).

My sy phun. Kch thc ca cc my sy phun thng tnh theo th tch bntrong ca n v theo sc cng cho php ca bung sy theo m bc hi:

A

WVb =

T s gia chiu cao bung sy v ng knh bn trong ca n thng ly 1,1 1,25.

Chiu cao hot ng ca bung sy (m):

2b

bb

4

D

VH

=

ng knh ca bung sy (m):

Db = (2,2 2,4)Rf

trong :Rf- bn knh ngn la phun, c xc nh theo cng thc:

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2,04,035,0k

tbf 33,0 = KoGuRe

R

trong : tb - ng knh trung bnh ca git, m,.

v k - t trng ca dung dch v kh (thng ly 800 1200 v 0,4 0,9kg/m3),

Re - chun Reynolds;

Gu - chun Gucman;

Ko - chun Kocobuc.

1,02,03,06.0

b11

345,1

=Xd

G

nt

trong : n - s vng quay ca a phun, vng/s (n =130 200);- t trng huyn ph, kg/ m3 (= 1050 100 kg/m3);

G - lu lng huyn ph, kg/s (G = 0,03 7,0 kg/s)

- nht ng hc ca huyn ph, m2/s [= (0,4 0,3)106 m2/s];

d- ng knh a phun, m (d= 0,12 0,35 m);

- sc cng b mt ca huyn ph N/m2 [= (6 8)10-2 N/m2];

X- chu vi c thm t ca a phun, m, (X= 0,04 0,9 m).

i vi cc a dng vi phunX=Zr, trong Z- s rnh, bng 12 24, r- bnknh vi phun, m; i vi a dng mngX=Zh, trong h - chiu cao ca mng, m,h = 0,03 0,05 m.

r

tb0

Re =

trong : - tc bin ca a phun, m/s ( = 70 170 m/s);0 0

r - nht ng hc ca kh, m2/s [ = (20 80)106].r

( )

1

m21

273

5,0

t

ttt

++

Gu =

trong : t1, t2 v tm - nhit ca tc nhn sy khi vo, khi ra khi my sy v nhit kbu t, 0C, (t1 = 160 450; t2 = 70 105; tm = 40 60

0C).

( )[ ]( )211

r21 5,0273

WWr

Ctt

++

Ko =

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trong : C - nhit dung ring ca tc nhn sy, J/(kgK), C =1,03 1,9 J/(kgK);r r

r1 - nhit n ho hi ca nhit bu t, J/kgK;

W1 v W2 - m huyn ph cho vo sy v m ca sn phm cui, %,(W1 = 25 48%; W2= 6 12%).

Tnh calorife. Cc calorife ca thit b sy c chia ra lm hai loi- thit b gi

nng kiu hi nc v kiu ngn la. un nng tc nhn sy - khng kh - c tinhnh trong cc thit b gi nng kiu hi nc (calorife kiu hi nc). Chng l mtchm ng c ng knh n 30 mm, hi un nng c np vo bn trong, bn ngoibao ph bng lp khng kh bun nng. Ngi ta lp trn cc ng nhng tm kim loidy 1 mm hnh vung hay hnh trn cch nhau 5 mm tng truyn nhit t hi ncqua tng ng n khng kh.

H s truyn nhit ca calorife kiu hi nc khi tc un nng t 4 n 12 m/sl 20 35 W/m2K.

Trong cng nghip vi sinh cc calorife kiu hi nc c s dng trong cc mysy kiu bng ti v trong cc my sy tng si. Nhc im ca cc loi thit b ny lphc tp cho vic lm sch cc ng v cc b mt gia cc ng.

Khi sy sn phm trong cc my sy phun, tc nhn sy c nhit n 3000Choc ln hn thng s dng bun nng kiu ng. Khng kh sy qua cc ng vc un nng bng kh l thi qua khng gian gia cc ng. Nhit c s dng, thccht l kh t nhin hay du mazut.

Din tch b mt truyn nhit (m2):( ) ( )

tb

01

tb

01KK

tb

K

6,36,36,3 tK

IIL

tK

ttLC

tK

QF

=

=

=

trong : QK- Lng ti nhit ca calorife, W;

L - lng khng kh c un nng, kg/h;

CKK- nhit dung ring ca khng kh, kj/ kgK;

t1 v t0 - nhit khng kh vo calorife v khng kh nng thi ra,0C;

I0 vI1 - entanpi ca khng kh vo calorife v ra khi calorife,0C;

K- h s truyn nhit, kW/ m2K;

t - sai khc trung bnh ca nhit hi nc v khng kh.tb

H s truyn nhit c th xc nh theo phng trnh:

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( )1000

16,1n

KKbK =

trong : b v n - cc h s thc nghim. i vi cc loi calorife kiu bng mng loinh v trung bnh b = 8,7, n = 0,5624, i vi loi ln b = 7,6, n = 0,568;

- t trng ca khng kh, kg/m3

; - tc ca khng kh trong tit din hot ng ca calorife, m/s;

KK- tc khi ca khng kh, kg/m2s.

Cc loi h sKc th chn t bng 13.5.2Bng 13.5. Cc loi hstruyn nhit trong calorife (W/ m K)

Tc khi ca khng kh trong tit din hot ng ca calorife,kg/ m2sCc dng calorife

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

v 18,1 21,2 23,4 25,4 27,1 28,8 30,1

v 15,6 18,3 20,8 22,7 25,1 26,2 27,9

Tc khi ca khng kh kg/ m2s

yf

L

K

sKK =

trong :LS - lu lng khng kh trong mt giy, kg/s;

fk- tit din hot ng ca calorife, m2;

y - s lng calorife c lp song song nhau.

Sai khc nhit trung bnh (0C):

2

1

21tb

3,2t

ttg

ttt

=

trong : t1 v t2 - sai khc nhit ln nht v nh nht ca cc cht ti nhit.

S lng calorife c lp ni tip:

yF

FX

K

=

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trong :F - din tch b mt truyn nhit ca mt calorife, m2.K

i lngXc lm trn n s nguyn, khi ly d tr din tch b mt truynnhit bng 20%.

Din tch truyn nhit ca tt c calorife, m2:

yXFF KC =

Lc cn ca calorife (Pa):

( )mK 81,9 KEh =

trong :E, m - cc h s thc nghim.

i vi calorife bng mng loi nhE= 0,0933, m = 1,7; i vi loi trung bnhE= 0,122, m = 1,76; i vi loi lnE= 0,153, m = 1,73.

Trong bng 13.6 gii thiu c tnh ca cc loi calorife c s dng ph binnht trong cng nghip.

Bng 13.6

Kch thc cbn,mm

Lng hnh trnh ca cht tinhit

Khi lng (loi mt hnh trnh), kg

Di Cao v v

600 390 1 2 57 67 58,4 68,1

600 510 1 4 71,2 87,2 70,7 89,3

750 510 1 4 80,7 106,5 85 108,2

750 640 1 4 100,4 132,4 107,2 134,8

900 640 1 4 118,6 156,8 126,7 159,4

900 760 1 4 143,3 189,5 144,1 192,2

1050 760 1 4 164,4 218,2 175,9 221,7

1050 880 1 6 190 253,5 203 257,9

1200 880 1 6 215 285,5 230 291,7

1200 1010 1 6 244,5 324,6 261,2 329,4

Bng 13.7. c tnh kthut ca cc calorife

B mt truyn nhit, m

2

Tit din hot ng, m

2

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Theo khng kh Theo cht ti nhit

v v ,

,

9,9 12,7 0,115 0,0046 0,0061 0,00231 0,00305

13,2

16,7

20,9

25,3

30,4

35,7

41,6

47,8

54,6

16,9

21,4

26,8

32,4

38,9

45,7

53,3

61,2

69,9

0,154

0,195

0,244

0,295

0,354

0,416

0,486

0,558

0,638

0,0061

0,0076

0,0092

0,00107

0,0122

0,0082

0,0102

0,0122

0,00143

0,0163

0,00152

0,0019

0,00231

0,00178

0,00203

0,00203

0,00254

0,00305

0,00237

0,00271

Chiu dy ca cc calorife dng KC v KMC bng 200 mm, cc dng vKM-240 mm.

Tt c cc calorife Nga c sn xut theo bn loi: - ln; C - trung bnh, M -

nh v CM - nh nht.Theo c tnh chuyn ng ca cht ti nhit c cc calorife mt hnh trnh (loi

C v K) v calorife nhiu hnh trinh (loi KMC v KM). Trong cc calorife mthnh trnh, cc dng song song ca cht ti nhit cng mt lc qua cc ng, trong cccalorife nhiu hnh trnh cht ti nhit lin tc qua mt s chm ng. S dng cccalorife nhiu hnh trnh un nng khng kh bng nc nng, cc calorife mt hnhtrnh un nng khng kh bng hi nc.

Tnh qut gi.Nng sut qut gi tnh theo khng kh (m

3

/h)

KK

h

LV =

trong :Lh - np khng kh trong mt gi, kg/h;

- t trng ca khng kh ph thuc v tr t thit b qut gi trong t hpsy v vo nhit , kg/ m

KK3.

( )( )( )0hnKK

273622,01

tXRXP

+++=

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y:P- p sut ca khng kh m, Pa;

X- hm m ca khng kh, kg/ kg;

Rhn - hng s kh i vi hi nc [Rnh= 47,1 Nm/(kg0C)];

0t0 - nhit khng kh m, C.

Khi nng sut ca my qut v ct p cho, cng sut (kW) ti trc ca ng c:

totq6,3

HVN =

trong : H- tng ct p ca qut, Pa;

V- nng sut qut tnh theo khng kh, m3/h;

q - hiu sut qut (q= 0,5 0,7);

ot - hiu sut c tnh n tn tht do ma st trong cc trc

( = 0,95 0,97);ot

t - hiu sut c tnh n tn tht khi truyn t qut n ng c

(t = 0,9 0,95).

Tnh xyclon. Trong cc my sy phun v trong cc my sy tng si, khi

sy huyn ph v cc dung dch, s cuni cc tiu phn cc cht hot ho sinh hcl ng k. Hm lng ca cc tiu phntrong kh thi cha n 2 4 g/m

Khb nhimbi

Sn ph m

Kh bnhim bi

Hnh 13.10. Cu to ca xyclon:a- Xyclon hnh trng; b- Xyclon hnh nn

K c m sc K c m sc

K nhim bi

Sn p m

a

3.

thu hi cc cht kh thi cun ithng s dng cc xyclon dng xilanh vdng hnh nn (hnh 13.10). Cc xyclonlm vic nh sau: Kh cng vi cc tiu

phn vo phn xon bn trn ca xyclonqua on ng va, di nh hng ca lcly tm cc tiu phn trong khng kh b va p vo thnh xyclon, lm mt vn tcquay v di nh hng ca trng lc ccht ri xung qua ca thi vo phu cha.Kh c lm sch tip tc quay ln phatrn v c thi vo khng kh qua ngx.

Cht lng lm sch khng kh cxc nh bi mc lm sch:

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2

1m 100

G

GK =

trong : G1 v G2 - lng cc ht c thu hi v cc ht vo, kg/s.

Cht lng lm sch khng kh ph thuc vo t trng v kch thc cc ht, vocu to ca xyclon v vo cc yu t phn chia. Yu t phn chia:

2

2

gr

=

trong : - tc bin ca cc ht, m/s,

g- gia tc ri t do, m/s2,

r2 - bn knh xyclon, m.

Tnh xyclon, iu u tin l tnh bn knh ca n r2 (m), chiu cao Hx (m) caxyclon hnh xilanh vHn (m) ca phn hnh nn:

r2

60

1

Vr =

trong : V- lu lng th tch ca kh thi b bi ho vo xyclon, m3/s;

- tc kh vo, m/s (= 11 18 m/s).r

( )[ ]21122hd

X

=

rr

kVHChiu cao ca phn xilanh:

trong : k- h s d tr chiu cao (k = 1,25);

Vhd - trng ti hot ng ca xyclon, m3;

r1 - bn knh ca ng x trung tm, m;

r2 - bn knh phn xilanh ca xyclon, m;- b dy tng ng x, m.

d1

Vr =

trong : d - tc dng kh trong ng x, m/s ( d = 2 5 m/s).

Chiu cao ca phn hnh nn: Hn = (r2r0) tg0

trong : r0 - bn knh ca thi xung di ca xyclon, m, [r0 = (0,49 0,15) r2],o 70

0.

297

8/8/2019 Chuong 13 (1)

30/30

Thc t chng minh rng cc ht c kch thc nh hn 10 m th vic thu hibng xyclon l khng c hiu qu, tch chng phi c nhng b lc kh hay b lcbng du.