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08-03-2007, 07:21 AM

Nhn Hng va mi sang Hoa K c tng Mt Gi mt b CHUYN NG - CHUYN TY ca (Hu Thin/AnChi/V Thin Hoa) c mt mnh khng sng nn post t t ln y cho mi ngi cng c coi nh chungvui mn qu Tt ca Hng (Ch x c khc. Chu o gh, c qu cho mem nc ngoi. Chc phi thnh lpphn hi Nam Cali qu). Cng xin cm n bn cayphong gi cho ch ny.

08-03-2007, 07:24 AM[ ngh ghi r Ngun: www.thuvien-ebook.com (http://www.thuvien-ebook/) nu bn chia s ni dung nhngbi ny]

1- (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)Sa Tng c cng bo v ng Tam Tng i thnh kinh, cui cng c o v tr thnh Kim thn La Hn. V cg m thnh thong vn nghe ngi ta chi l " qu SaTng?

AN CHI: y l hai Sa Tng khc nhau. Sa Tng trong ting chi l Sa Tng bn Cha Jesus, cn SaTng mbn ni n l Sa Tng bn Pht Thch Ca. Sa Tng bn o Thin Cha l trm ca loi qu, thng c nin trong Tn Uc ca Kinh Thnh, chnghn: "Ngi ni ng vng chu qu Satan cm d bn mi ngy, chung vi th rng, v c thin-s hu vic Ngi" (Mc, 1:3). Satan y chnh l tn con qu m ngi ta vnpht m thnh "Sa Tng". Vy xin phn bit r ko oan cho Sa Ng Tnh trong Ty du k.

08-03-2007, 07:31 AM2- (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)Mi hai bn nc trong "phn gi 12 bn nc" l g? C phi chng l 12 cng v trong x hi xa ca ta vTrung Quc nh: Cao l cng, hu khanh, tng; trung l s, nng, cng, thng; v thp l ng, tiu, canh,mc? cn trong v c c phi l thanh khit, trong sch v nh bn, tham hay khng?

AN CHI: Nhiu ngi vn quan nim mi hai bn nc ng nh ng nu. Chng ti khng tin cch gii

thch trn m cho rng Hunh-tnh Paulus Ca ging c l hn:"Con gi mi hai bn nc: Thn con gi nh chic , hoc gp bn trong, hoc mc bn c, hoc a ngitt, hoc a ngi xu, may th nh, ri th chu. Ting ni mi hai bn nc l ni cho vn".(i Nam quc m t v, tp I, Si Gn, 1895. X. ch bn, tr. 46-7).

iu m tc gi ging rng "Ting ni mi hai bn nc l ni cho vn" th chng ti li quan nim l do tnguyn dn gian m ra. i vi thnh ng ang xt r rng l hai ting trong, c phi c hiu rng hn cchhiu m ng nu.

08-03-2007, 08:02 AM3. (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)R ng sn c phi mun ni ng cung thi t? Du Nam ging c phi mun ni tch trn ni Nam Ging

(nng Ging Tin) hay khng?AN CHI: Trc ht xin ni rng y l r ng sng, du Nam gin ch khng phi l "ng sn" v Namging". Sng l ging: vy ng sng l ging pha ng. Gin l khe ni: vy Nam gin l khe ni phaNam. V r ng sng bt ngun tch ng sng thn phc, ngha l nm thng bng trn ging pha ng.Chuyn rng nh Vng o c nhiu con trai cha v nn Hy Gim mi cho ngi sang kn chng chocon gi. m con trai nh h Vng bit th nn anh no cng lng xng tm cch lm cho khch . Ch cVng Hy Chi l nm khnh trn ging pha ng, coi nh khng c chuyn g xy ra. Nghe ngi nh thutli, Hy Gim bit Hy Chi t l r qu, bn chn ngy lnh thng tt m g con gi cho. Qu Vng Hy Chi l thgia (caligrapher) ni ting; ngy nay h ni n th php (calligraphie) Trung Hoa th phi nhc n Vng HyChi. Vy r ng sng khng lin quan g n ng Cung thi t.
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Cn v du Nam gin th bt ngun t li ca mt bi trong Kinh Thi ca Trung Hoa: Vu d th tn, Nam gin chitn ngha l i hi rau tn bn khe ni pha Nam. Ch s tn to ca ngi con gi. Du Nam gin l con duchu thng chu kh. Vy Nam gin khng lin quan g n Ging Hng ca T Thc hoc Ging Kiu ca TUyn c. Truyn Lc Vn Tin c cu:

Xem p ha hai:Ny du Nam gin, n trai ng sng.

NatPhung08-03-2007, 03:56 PM

Natphung ngng m Hu Thin - An Chi t lu lm ri, v ngay t lc ban u khi Hu Thin xut hin trnKin Thc Ngy Nay trong mc Chuyn ng ChuynTy, Natphung ny su tm c tt c KTNN t cunu tin cho n khong cun 300 my. Sau v l do c nhn nn lm mt ht. S d hng tun mong chmua KTNN cng ch l c Hu Thin m thi.Nay nh Goldfish mi bit c Hu Thin v An Chi l mt ngi. Tuy rng lc trc cng hi ng ng.Vit n y li cht nh n cu " Thiu gi an chi, lo gi hoi", lm hi bi ngi mt cht, mi y m mi my nm ri ...Nay c bit c cun Chuyn ng ChuynTy ca An Chi v c nh post ln TVE cho cc bn cng thngthc, Natphung ny cm kch v cng, nhng c k li th thy ch post ln t t, li m ra gin ... Ni chithi, ch Natphung cng mong ch ngy lm thnh ebook c th c mt mch t u n cui. Cm ntrc.

08-03-2007, 04:27 PMNay c bit c cun Chuyn ng ChuynTy ca An Chi v c nh post ln TVE cho cc bn cng thngthc, Natphung ny cm kch v cng, nhng c k li th thy ch post ln t t, li m ra gin ... Ni chithi, ch Natphung cng mong ch ngy lm thnh ebook c th c mt mch t u n cui. Cm ntrc.

H h. "ng v xa lm ngi i".

Nhn b Chuyn ng ChuynTy 1 chng 6 cun dy nh b "C Gi Long" th chc ngy lm ebook cn xalm. NatPhung chu kh c t t vy. Nu ch khng c th hm no ung c ph photocopy cho vi quyn.

nh bng va post va c c c lu mt cht, v nh c lu hn thm mt cht...

cayphong08-03-2007, 05:01 PM

Tri! Nhanh tay qu anh , hc lm mnh mt mi ri >"

08-03-2007, 11:33 PM4. (KTNN 95, ngy 01-11-1992)Nh Ng (939-965) tuy c b Dng Tam Kh cp ngi nhng Ng Quyn cng xng vng, ng CLoa; sau Ng Xng Ngp v Ng Xng Vn cng c sgi l Hu Ng vng. V l do g m caming dn gian lunlun ni: "inh, L, L, Trn, L, Nguyn m khng nhc nnh Ng"? Phi chng do bihch ca c Nguyn Tri?

AN CHI: bn cho rng do nh hng ca Nguyn Tri trong bi Bnh Ng i co (khng nhc n nh Ng)nn ngi ta vn c thi quen ni "inh,L, L, Trn " thi m khng nhc n nh Ng mc d nh Ng ctrc nh inh. Qu l ngi ta c thi quen da vo Bnh Ng i co m ni nh th tht, nhng y ch lda vo bn dch ca Bi K c Trn Trng Kim s dng trong Vit Nam s lc ch khng phi da vonguyn vn ca Nguyn Tri. Bi K dch: "T inh, L, L, Trn gy nn c lp; cng Hn, ng, Tng,Nguyn hng c mt phng". Nhng chnh Nguyn Tri th li vit: "T Triu, inh,L, Trn chi triu to ngquc; d Hn, ng, Tng,Nguyn nhi cc nht phng" ngha l "T khi (cc triu i) Triu, inh, L,Trn bt u dng nn nc ta (th chng ta) cng vi (cc triu) Hn, ng, Tng, Nguyn mi bn mi lmch mt phng (ring ca u Lc ca Thc Phn b Triu gm thu vo nc Nam Vit nn ngi xa vnquan nim rng Triu l vua ca nc ta. Bng chng l n th Triu vn cn tn ti mi cho n ngynay ti ng Sm, x Hng Thi, huyn Kin Xng, tnh Thi Bnh.


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Vy Nguyn Tri khng vit "inh, L, L, Trn" m vit "Triu, inh, L, Trn". Nh Triu c quan nimnh triu i u tin ca Vit Nam xng , ngang hng v ng thi vi nh Hn bn Trung Hoa do HnCao t Lu Bang khai sng nm 206 trc Cng nguyn. Cn nh Trn, triu i lin trc nh L (nh H th bxem l ngy triu) ca Vit Nam, l triu i ng thi vi nh Nguyn, triu i lin trc nh Minh ca TrungHoa. Chnh v th m Nguyn Tri mi t nh Triu u v nh Trn cui ca v "Triu,inh, L, Trn" mi vi v "Hn, ng, Tng, Nguyn" trong Triu i vi Hn cn Trn i vi Nguyn.

Th l Nguyn Tri khng nhng khng ni n nh Ng ca Ng Quyn m cng khng ni n nh L ca Li Hnh tc L Hon. Ta khng nn i hiNguyn Tri phi ni cho y v y ng khng vit s k m

ch lm vn hng bin tuyn co v mt thng li v i ca dn tc i vi qun xm lc nh Minh. Nu btb v thiu st, th t nh Hn n nh ng, ng cn "b qun" cc nh sau y na: Ngy, Thc, Ng (thiTam quc); Ty Tn, ng Tn, Tng, T, Lng, Trn, Bc Ngy, Ty Ngy v ng Ngy, Bc T, Bc Chu(thi Nam Bc triu); Tng vTy. Tng cng n 16 nh, u phi l t.

Ghi ch ca :

Bnh ng i co nguyn bn Hn vn, m Hn-Vit, cng 2 bn dch ca Ng Tt T v Bi K xem y(http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/forums/showthread.php?p=28393#post28393)

08-03-2007, 11:40 PM5. (KTNN 58, ngy 15-11-1992)

C ngi ni rng ngi Php ly con g trng lm vt t cho dn tc mnh. Xin cho bit ti sao?AN CHI: Trc ht, xin ci chnh rng con g trng khng phi l vt t (totem) ca dn tc Php.Th n,ngi ta cng khng ni con g trng m phi ni y l con g trng G-loa (con gaulois). V con g trngG-loa l mt biu tng (emblme) - ch khng phi "vt t" - ca dn tc Php. Vt t v biu tng l haikhi nim khc nhau. Vic ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tng c bao hm mt s chi ch nh trong .T tin ca ngi Php l ngi G-loa(Gauiois). Ngi G-loa, ting La Tinh gi l Gallus. Danh t Gallus trongting La Tinh li c mt t ng m tuyt i l gallus, c ngha l con g trng. Th l ci v ng m gallus cating La Tinh va biu hin khi nim "ngi G-loa" li va biu hin khi nim con g trng". Vy c theongn ng ny, ngi ta c th chi ch bng ng thc:

Ngi G-loa (Gallus) = con g trng (gallus).

l l do ti sao ngi Php li ly con g trng G-loa lm biu tng ca dn tc mnh. Nu ta bit rngting Php hin i l do ting La Tinh thng tc (latin populaire) m ra th ta cng s khng ly lm l ti sao

ngi Php li cn c vo ting La Tinh chn biu tng cho dn tc mnh nh th.

Ghi ch ca :Ngy nay c my ai bit vt t ca nc mnh l g? biu tng ca nc mnh l g?Ngay c Vit Nam, th hi t hc sinh cp hai n ... cp bn, c nhng v c vn bng Tin S, Lut S,... cuhi trn, c l chng ta s c nhiu cu tr li ... ci ra nc mt.

Theo cc bn :

Vt t ca Vit Nam l:1. Con Rng.2. Con Rng v ... b Tin.3. Thn Kim Quy.3. Chim bng (i bng) vt t ca u Vit.4. Thung lung (c su) vt t ca Lc Vit.

5. kin khc.

Biu tng ca Vit Nam l:1. Cy tre.2. Cy la.3. Trng ng.4. Hoa sen.5. Bn Vit Nam hnh ch S.6. Quc k.7. kin khc.


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10-03-2007, 06:22 AM6- (KTNN 96, ngy 15-11-1992)Hoa K hin nay c bao nhiu tiu bang? Tn ca cc tiu bang ?

AN CHI:Hoa K c 50 bang:

1. Alabama, 2.Alaska, 3. Arizona, 4. Arkansas, 5. California, 6.Colorado, 7. Connecticut, 8. Delaware, 9. Floria,

10.Georgia, 1l. Hawaii, 12. Idaho, 13. Illinois, 14. Indiana, 15. Iowa, 16. Kansas, 17. Kentucky, 18. Louisiana,19.Maine, 20. Maryland, 21. Massachusetts, 22. Michigan, 23. Minnesota, 24. Mississippi, 25. Missouri, 26.Montana, 27. Nebraska, 28. Nevaa, 29. New Hampshire, 30. New Jersey, 31. New Mexico, 32. NewYork (ch :thuc bang ny c thnh ph cng tn NewYork, trc vn phin bng m Hn Vit l Nu c.Nhng th phca bang New York li l Albany), 33.North Carolina, 34. North Dakota, 35. Ohio, 36. Oklahoma, 37. Oregon,38. Pennsylvania, 39. Rhode Island, 40. South Carol1na, 41. South Dakota, 42.Tennessee, 43. Texas, 44. Utah,45. Vermont, 46.Virginia, 47. Washington, 48. West Virginia, 49.Wisconsin, 50. Wyoming.

Vng Alaska, nm pha TyBc ca Hoa K, l t m nc Nga Sa hong nhng cho Hoa K t nm 1867,tr thnh bang th 49 canc ny t nm 1958. Qun o Hawaii (tn c lSandwich), th ph l Honolulu, llnh th ca Hoa K t nm 1898, tr thnh bang th 50 ca nc ny cng t nm 1958.

10-03-2007, 06:23 AM7- (KTNN 96, ngy 15-11-1992)Ti sao li gi nhng ngi bn nam bn n (li ci) l "p-.

AN CHI: Ci tn p- dng ch nhng ngi bn nam bn n l kt qu ca mt li hiu sai lch nay trthnh thng dng. l do ting Php pd, dng tt ca pdraste. y l mt danh t gm hai t cn gc HyLp: pd- (


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%E1%BB% 8B_Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c&action=edit) Nguyn Giang (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Huy%E1%BB%87n_t%E1%BB%B1_tr%E1%BB% 8B_Nguy%C3%AAn_Giang&action=edit) ca ngi Thi(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Th%C3%A1i) (Di), Di(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_Di) (), Cp N (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_C%C3%A1p_N%C3%AA) (Hani, Vit Nam gi l ngi H Nh(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_H%C3%A0_Nh%C3%AC)) trc khi sang Vit Nam th trn H Khu (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_Kh%E1%BA%A9u) (Trung Quc), gip gii vi thnhph Lo Cai (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A0o_Cai) ca Vit Nam, ri chy qua pha ng th H Ni(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_N%E1%BB%99i) trc khi ra bin ng(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90%C3%B4ng) ca Ba Lt (ranh gii gia hai tnh ThiBnh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh) v Nam nh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh)). ng bng sng Hng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_b%E1%BA%B1ng_s%C3%B4ng_H%E1%BB%9 3ng) nm trn lu vc con sng ny. Cc sng nhnh chnh casng Hng c th k n l sng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%A0), sng L(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_L%C3%B4) (vi ph lu l sng Chy(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Ch%E1%BA%A3y&action=edit) v sng Gm(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_G%C3%A2m&action=edit)). Sng Hng c phn lupha t ngn (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%E1%BA%A3_ng%E1%BA%A1n&action=edit) l sngung (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_%C4%90u%E1%BB%91ng)Hi Dng(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng) v sng Luc(http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Lu%E1%BB%99c) chy t Hng Yn (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C6%B0ng_Y%C3%AAn) n huyn Vnh Bo (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%A9nh_B%E1%BA%A3o),thnh ph Hi Phng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BA%A3i_Ph%C3%B2ng). Hai sng ny ni sng Hngvi h thng sng Thi Bnh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_Th%C3%A1i_B%C3%ACnh). Phn lupha hu ngn (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%E1%BB%AFu_ng%E1%BA%A1n&action=edit) lsng y (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%A1y&action=edit) v sngi (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%A0i&action=edit) (cn gi l LchGiang), ni sng Hng v sng y l hai sng Ph L (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Ph%E1%BB%A7_L%C3%BD&action=edit) v sng Nam nh(http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh&action=edit). Trung Quc, cc sng nh sng L Tin (tc sng (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_%C4%90%C3%A0)), sng ng iu (tc sng Nm Na (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N%E1%BA%ADm_Na&action=edit)), sng Bn Long (tc sng L (http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B4ng_L%C3%B4))v sng Ph Mai (tc sng Nho Qu (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Nho_Qu%E1%BA%BF&action=edit)) cng mt s sng nh khc nh sng M Phc (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_M%E1%BB%85_Ph%C3%BAc&action=edit), sng Nam Kh (http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%B4ng_Nam_Kh%C3%AA&action=edit) chy qua bin gii hai nc vo Vit Nam.

Hnh ca Nasa v h thng sng Hng

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/vi/3/34/Song_Hong.jpg

10-03-2007, 06:26 AM9. (KTNN 97, ngy 01-12-1992)Ti sao t tp 1 n tp 5, i truyn hnh Thnh ph H Ch Minh khng gi lun b phim di ca Mexico bngci tn "Ngi giu cng khc" m gi l "Nc mt ngi giu sau li phi thay i tn gi t tp 6 tri? Hai cch gi c g khc nhau khng?

AN CHI: Tn gc ca b phim ny ng ra l Ngi giu cng khc. Tn phim bng ting Ty Ban Nha (NgiMexico ni ting Ty Ban Nha) l Los ricostambien lloran. S d 5 tp u ca b phim c gi l Nc mtngi giu c l v theo bn dch ca o Minh Hip, ngi dch li phim (t ting Nga) cho i truyn

hnh Ph Yn (X. Tui tr ch nht, s 40-92, tr.17). Hai cch gi trn y c khc nhau hay khng? Sau y lli ca o Minh Hip: "Qu tht ti phi suy ngh rt lu trc khi quyt nh dch l Nc mt ngi gium vn bo m chuyn ti c ngha chnh xc ca tn phim (...), ng thi nghe hay hn() Ti nghkhng c g khc nhau gia hai tn phim (Tui tr ch nht, s 40-92). S tht th qu l c khc nhau. Ncmt ngigiu l mt cu trc phi v ng tnh (non-prdicativ) cn Ngi giu cng khc th l mt cu. Haicu trc khc nhau n nh th th khng th ni rng hm ngha ca chng hon ton nh nhau c. Nucn th cc tc gi ni Las Ingrimas de los ricos (Nc mt ngi giu) ri. Nhng h li ni Los ricostambien lloran. Vy tng c nn dch thnh Ngi giu cng khc cho st vi nguyn vn.

10-03-2007, 06:28 AM


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10 (KTNN 97, ngy 01-12-1992)Ti sao Colomb c cng tm ra chu M m tn ng li khng c dng gi chu ny? Tn nc Colombiaclin quan g n tn ca Colomb hay khng?

AN CHI: Chnh Christophe Colomb gi chu M l Ty n (Indes occidentales) v nhm tng rng l nc n . Do cch t tn ny ca Colomb m th dn da chu M c gi l Indien (ting Php),Indian (ting Anh), ngha l ngi n . Saukhi bit r s tht, ngi ta mi dn dn gi chu M bng ci tnAmerique (ting Php), America (ting Anh) nh hin nay. ng l trong tn nc Colombia c tn ca Colomb.ng n min t ny nm 1502 nhng trc th Alonso de Hojeda pht hin ra n t 1499. Sau khi

hon thnh vic chinh phc t ny vo nm 1539 th Gonzalo Jimnez de Quesada gi n l NuevaGranada; mi v sau n mi c gi l Colombia.

vinh_nhoc13-03-2007, 02:39 PM

Cm n khng thy cha nn phi vit mt li ng vin cho ngi vit: C gng ln bc , em ang ch cuchuyn sau y.:smile:

14-03-2007, 07:54 AM11. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)Tam tc trong "tru di tam tc" l nhng tc no?

AN CHI: Hai ting tam tc c t nht l bn cch hiu m T nguyn (mt b t in ting Hn ra mt nm1915) cho nh sau:1. Cha m, anh em, v con l tam tc (Ph mu, huynh , th t vi tam tc).2. H cha, h m, h v l tam tc (Ph tc, mu tc, th tc vi tam tc).3. Cha, con, chu (= con ca con) l tam tc (Ph, t, tn vi tam tc).4. Anh em ca cha, anh em ca mnh, anh em ca con l tam tc (Ph cn , k cn , t cn vi tam tc).

V c nhiu cch hiu nh trn cho nn ngay v n Nguyn Tri cch y 555 nm (1442) cng c ngi thinay hiu khc nhau. Cao Huy Gi dch i Vit s k ton th vit nh sau:"Ngy 16 (thng 8 nm NhmTut - AC), git hnh khin Nguyn Tri v v l l Nguyn Th L, git n ba i" (t.III, H Ni, 1972, ti.131).Ba i ng nhin ch c th l i cha, i con v i chu (ng vi ngha 3 ca T nguyn) m thi. NhngPhan Huy L th livit: "() Nguyn Tri b ghen ght gim pha, c ln b h ngc v cui cng b tru di ba h"(K nim 600 nm sinh Nguyn Tri (tp k yu), H Ni, 1982, tr.75). Ba h, theo cch hiu thng thng l

h cha, h m v h v (ng vi ngha 2 ca T nguyn), ng nhin phi nhiu v nng hn ba i v ba ich thuc c mt h m thi.

14-03-2007, 07:57 AM12- (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)Ti sao li ni "rut au chn chiu'? l nhng chiu no, hng no? Hay l chn bui chiu?

AN CHI: Ch chiu y chnh l ch m Hunh-Tnh Paulus Ca vit chu v ging l "ch ut khc, vy v",(i Nam quc m t v, tp I, Si Gn, 1895,tr. 145). y chnh l ci ngha gc cho ra ngha thng dnghin i ca chiu trong chiu hng, ng mt chiu, v.v. Rut au chn chiu l dch ca my ting Hncu hi trng ngha l "chn (ln) qun rut". Gin Vn nh Lng c vit: "Bi dao d h, cu hi trng"(m bun di dc h, chn ln rut qun). T M Thin cng vit: "Trng nht nht nhi cu hi" (Mt ngym rut qun chn ln). Ci nt ngha "ut khc, vy v" ca t chu, m Hunh-tnh Paulus Ca ghi, rt n

khp vi ci ngha ca ting hi l "quanh", l "qun". Vy chn chiu l "bn dch" rt st ca cu hi (cu =chn, hi = chiu, ngha l qun) nhng do cu trc ca n v mt thun ty hnh thc rt ging vi cu trcca "(ng) mt chiu hoc" (mt sm) mt chiu nn mi dn n hai cch hiu nhm c ghi nhntrong cu hi. Cui cng, cng phi nhc li rng nu theo ng chnh t hin nay th ch chu ca Hunh-tnhPaulus Ca phi c vit l chiu (Nhng ch chiu trong chiu theo, chiu lng, trm chiu, v.v. u c ngnht lot vit thnh chu).

14-03-2007, 02:31 PM13. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)Ti sao c ngi li cho rng cu "Mi di li phi chu n" ng ra phi l "Mi vy li phi chu n"?


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AN CHI: Hnh thc gc v ng l Mi vy li phi chu n. Cu tc ng ny bt ngun t c im ca nghghe thuyn. Mi vy l mi lch, mi khng i ng hng cn thit, c th do nc xoy hoc nc xit. Trongiu kin ny ngi cm li ng nhin phi vt v v phi vng tay v anh ta l ngi chu n. Chu nngon lnh th thuyn s ngon lnh vt qua dng nc xit hoc cn nc xoy. Chu n km ci th thuyn schng chnh, thm ch c th b lt. Vy chu n l g? L dng sc ca mnh m gh cy n li cho vng,khng cho ci bnh li b dng nc lm chao o, qut quo gy nguy him cho con thuyn. Cu tc ngmun ni n vai tr v trchnhim ca ngi ch huy trong tnh th kh khn, nguy him. T nguyn dn gian bin n thnh "Mi di li phi chu n" a n cch hiu hin nay rng di l t tri ngha vi khn cn

chu n l b nh bng roi vt. Tuy nhin, ci ngha v von ca cu ny th li khng khc lm so vi ci nghaca cu gc.

15-03-2007, 04:41 AM14. (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)Trong cu "u cua tai nheo" th "tai nheo" l g? c cu l g?

AN CHI: T in ting Vit do Vn Tn ch bin ging cu nh sau: "Ch nhng chuyn chp nht, khng uvo u. Tai l mt t Vit gc Hn c theo m Hn Vit, c ngha l (ci) mang c. y l mt t c, xa vnc dng vi tnh cch l mt t c lp, chng hn nh trong cu: "L c c vc bn tai" (Ch nam ngc mgii ngha, Trn Xun Ngc Lan phin m v ch gii, H Ni, 1985, tr.201 - Nh ch gii khng ging chtai trong cu ny). Khng bn n chuyn c tht con c vc c bn tai, ngha l bn mang, hay khng, y

chng ti ch mun dn chng v ci ngha m mnh nu. Ch tai, Hn t vit l

, c Dictionnaireclassique de la langue chinoise ca F.S. Couvreur ging l "ouiles de poisson" cn Mathews' Chinese-englishDictionary cng ging l "the gills of a fish". Vy tai theo l mang c nheo. Mang c nheo m i vi u con cuath r rng l chuyn chp v chng u vo u!

Ghi ch ca :Ti sao ba ch "u" "cua" v "nheo" l ting Vit li c mt ch "tai" ting Hn chun v gia vy c? Nu ng"tai nheo" l "mang con c nheo" th chc tc ng cng phi c cu "u cua mang nheo" ng tn ti vi cu"u cua tai nheo" ch.

Chnh An Chi cng ni thng ngi ta tri t mt t kh sang mt t d ch khng ai lm ngc li. Nhng"mang" m chuyn thnh "tai" xong ri th tiu ch "mang" lun th khng ging vi cch l lun ny.

15-03-2007, 09:08 PM15- (KTNN 98, ngy 15-12-1992)Rn c ph c mo hay khng? Nu khng, ti sao mt s ni min Bc li c lu hnh cu"Rn ph 1.mo"?

AN CHI: V chuyn "rn ph mo", trong Chn tri khoa hc (ca bo Khoa hc ph thng) thng11.1990, ks Nguyn Quc Thng gii thch r rng nh sau: "Rn thuc lp b st cn mo thuc lp ng vt c v,hai lp ny rt xa nhau v mt tin ha. Theo nguyn tc ca sinh vt hc, 2 loi khc nhau ca cng mt ging rt kh giao phi vi nhau hung h y rn v mo c cu to c quan sinh dc hon ton khc nhau, slng nhim sc th trong t bo cng khc nhau, do khng nh chng khng th giao phivi nhau c"(tr.56).

Tt nhin l c nhiu ngi qu quyt rng chnh mt h nhn thy rn ph mo. Nhng s tht th hoc lh nhn g ha cuc hoc l iu ny c nhiu phn chc chn hn - h "tung tin vt mt cch v ti vm thi. Cn "rn ph l. mo" ch l mt bin dng ca thnh ng dn ba l. mo, mt phn hn l cng c do

ngi ta vn b m nh bi ci chuyn "rn ph mo". L. mo l ci u hi nh, tc l ci phn hnh tam gicbn hng nh m nh l ni hai mi nh gip nhau. Ngy xa khi th mc ct nh xong, h thng dn mt lba vo ci l. mo nh theo tn ngng, m c khi cng ch n gin l theo thi quen ngh nghip. Cu dnba l. mo bt ngun t thc t ny; v sau n b t nguyn dn gian bp mo nn mi thnh rn ph l.mo.

Ghi ch ca :1. "Ln mo: u hi, gc gim hnh tam gic ni hai mi nh gip nhau: Dn ba ln mo." (Vng Hng Sn).Ch ny cn gi l "khu " trong phng ng min bc.2. Xem thm bi "Khu . v l. mo (http://www.thuvien-ebook.com/forums/showthread.php?p=27742#post27742)" trong Phng c trc tuyn.


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16-03-2007, 04:23 AM16. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)T "Bt t nin canh" c phi l t ng k kt hn ngy xa hay khng? C phi "bt t" c ngha l tm tcn "nin canh" l c gi tr trong mt nm hay khng?

AN CHI: Ni cho ng c php ting Hn th l nin canh bt t, c ngha l tm ch thuc v tui tc. ltm ch CAN CHI (th d: Mu T, K Su, Canh Dn, t Mi, v.v) gm c hai ch ch gi, hai ch ch ngy,hai ch ch thng v hai ch ch nm m mt con ngi ra i. T nin canh bt t l t ghi gi, ngy, thngv nm sinh theo m lch ca chng trai hoc c gi trao cho nh gi hoc nh trai i coi thy xem tui haibn c hp nhau hay khng. H hp tui vi nhau th mi bn tnh n chuyn hn nhn chnh thc. Vy khng phi l t ng k kt hn. V li, chng c khi tnh chuyn hn nhn mi c khai nin canh bt t. Chcn i xem t vi bit chuyn bn mng th cng phi khai tm ch cho thy ri (khng c tm ch ththy lm sao ln bng c).

16-03-2007, 11:58 PM17. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)Hai ting c l trong "du c l" xut x t u? C phi tn mt loi cy no khng?

AN CHI: C ngi lin h hai ting c l ny vi hai ting C L l tn m ngi xa mit di dng

gi nc Min in. S l trc y c mt loi du c l mang nhn hiu Mac Phsu, sn xut ti Min in,c ng gi b c trong Nam a chung. Ngi ta cho rng v th u ny c sn xut ti nc C L(=Min in) nn n mi c gi l du c l (=du sn xut ti nc C L). Sau khi hai ting c l tr thnhthng dng trong phng ng Nam B th ng danh t du c l c dng rng ri ch tt c cc loi ducao, bt k chng c sn xut ti nc no, ng nhin l k c ti nc Tu. Cn chnh ngi Tu th li gidu c l l vn kim du (ting Qung ng: mn cm y du) bt ngun t nhn hiu ca mt th du c l lhiu Vn Kim. Hin chng ti cha tm c tn ca mt loi cy no gi l cy "c l".

18-03-2007, 12:55 AM18. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)Trong bi 'Hong hu Hiu Vn, lng C Trai v t Minh Linh" ng trn Ca Vit s 15, thng 6-1992, T AmNguyn Toi da vo th tch ca Trung Quc khng nh rng Mc ng Dung khng phi l ngi Vitm l ngi n t Trung Quc lu lc sang. Xin hi ngi ph trch mc"Chuyn ng chuyn Ty" ngh sao

v iu khng nh ny?

AN CHI: Ngi u tin pht hin ra rng Mc ng Dung thuc sc dn n Man l Trn Quc Vng ti Hingh khoa hc v Nguyn Bnh Khim t chc Hi Phng thng 2.1985. C liu ca ng l mt s iu ghichp trong Minh s. By nm sau, T Am NguynToi li tip tc khng nh ging nh Trn Quc Vng. NgoiMinh s ra, ng cn nu tn sch ng Hon huyn ch ca Trn B o i Thanh. Chng ti cho rng chngqua Trn B o cng ch vit theo Minh s m thi v rng nhng iu m sch ny chp v thnh phndn tc ca Mc ng Dung l hon ton khng th tin tng c.

Ch ring mt vic ngi i Minh "bit qu r" v lai lch ca Mc ng Dung trong khi chnh ngi i Vit thli hon ton m tt v iu , ch ring mtvic thi, cng l iu hon ton ng ng ri. Hung h ch tuyn c v ch bo c quan chc ca nc ta vo thi L tht cht ch v chu o, th lm sao mt tncha cng ch kit - nu qu ng ta l ngi n Man - nh Mc ng Dung li c th len li vo lm ch huys t nm 1508 ln ngi hong 19 nm sau ?

Theo truyn thuyt th Mc ng Dung xut than t ngh nh c - cn chng ti th cho rng by gi ng ta lmt Khng Thng ch thi - nn Minh s mi da vo m ghi chp mt cch h rng ng l ngi nMan, v n Man l mt sc dn chuyn sng lu ng trn ghe thuyn lm ngh nh c v c khi l cngh cp bin na. Hoc cng c th Minh s c ghi chp nh th gin tip nhn nh mt cch trchthng rng mt tn n Man cng kh nng lm vua nc i Vit nh thng. D th no mc lng,chng ti cho rng ngi Vit Nam khng th t lng tin tuyt i ca mnh vo sch Tu c, nht l schTu m li vit v nhng vn lch s t nhca Vit Nam.

18-03-2007, 10:41 PM


9/71

19. (KTNN 99, ngy 01-01-1993)Ting Anh c t Christmas ch l Ging sinh, li cn c c t Yule na. Xin cho bit xut x ca t ny.

AN CHI: Yule l hnh thi hin i bt ngun t ting Anh trung i yol, ting Anh c i geol, vi bin thgeohhol. ng ngha v cng gc vi n hin nay l ting Thy in, ting Na Uy v ting an Mch jul mting Phn Lan lng ging mn v pht m thnh joulu. Theo Eric Partridge, hnh thi c i geol bt ngunt mt hnh thi tin thn l geol, mt kiu hon v ng m (metathesis) cng gc vi ting La Tinh gelu, cngha l bng gi. Do m ting Anh c i cn c danh t geola ch thng December (thng Chp dnglch), m ngha t nguyn l thng bng gi. Cn geol, nay l Yule, l ngy l ca thng geola, tc l ngy

Ging sinh.

18-03-2007, 10:43 PM20. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)Ti sao li gi l "ng To"? "To" l g?

AN CHI: To l ting Hn c theo m Hn Vit, c ngha I bp. i to l bp to, nu cho chin s (qun i)hoc nhn vin (c quan) n tp th rt ng ngi. Trung to l bp va, nu cho cn b trung cp. Cn tiuto l bp nh, nu ring cho cn b cao cp. Li cn c c to l bp nh loi c bit thng ho hng. Theotn ngng xa, bp c thn bp gi l to qun, to vng hoc to thn, khu ng cn gi l to cng. NgiVit Nam dch to cng thnh ng to. Dn gian Vit Nam cn ly hai ting ng to ch tng hn trong bahn t dng bc cho bc ni ln m xo m nu. Nhng hn t ny thot u th chy nm, ri lu ngy

di thng, tr nn en thi en thui (v vy m trong khu ng Nam B trc y, ngi ta cn dng hai tingng to gi a ngi n , ri v sau c lnh da en na).

21-03-2007, 07:55 AM21- (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)Ti sao li ni "ngy t ngy tt" v t nin" (l quanh nm). Hai ting "t ny c lin quan g vi nhau haykhng?

AN CHI: Hn ng c mt t ghi bng ch, m m Hn Vit l t, c ngha l nm, l ma. Mathews' Chinese-English Dictionary (p.1023. ch.6935) ging l: "A year, a season. Sch L th xun thu c cu: Kim t m ha,lai t m mch ngha l ma ny tt la go, ma ti tt la m. V n cng mt trng ngha vi tt nn ngita ghp n vi t ny thnh t tt, ri li xen ngy vo m ni thnh ngy t ngy tt.

Cn t trong "t nin th li khng lin quan g n t trong "ngy t ngy tt" c. N l t trong t b, tma, ngha l mt bin th ng m ca t l bn. T b l bn b, ngha l mi pha; t ma l sut bn ma,ngha l quanh nm. S di chuyn t nhin v hp l t bn sang mi, sang quanh trong ngha ca t b, tma dn n cch hiu sai lch rng t c ngha l quanh, l khp, l c, v.v.. Vi cch hiu sai lch ny,ngi ta ni t nin m hiu l quanh nm.

21-03-2007, 10:25 PM22. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)Con ln l con g? C phi cng l con k ln hay khng? Ti sao ngoi Bc gi l "ma s t" m trong Namli gi l "ma ln"?

AN CHI: Con ln cng gi l con k ln. Nguyn k l tn ca con c, cn ln l tn ca con ci. Ngi ta ghpli m gi chung l k ln. Ngy nay ln hoc k ln ch c con c ln con ci. Ting Php dch l unicorne,

ting Anh l unicorn. Ln l con vt ng hng th hai trong t linh: long (rng), ln, qui (ra), phng (phnghong). N l mt con vt thn thoi thn hu, mng nga, ui b, ming rng, mi to, c mt sng, lngtrn lng th ng sc m di bng th mu vng. Tc truyn rng n l mt con vt hin lnh (nhn th),khng p ln c ti v khng lm hi cc vt sng. Tc cn truyn rng v n l mt con th c nhn nh thcho nn vua cha ai l ngi c nhn th mi c nhn thy n. Ma ln tc l ma k ln. S d trong Nam gima ln m ngoi Bc gi l ma s t l v nhc trng th con ln ging con s t (i Nam quc m t v caHunh-tnh Paulus Ca cng ging ln l mt "con th ging con s t"). V vy, ngi ta nhm ma lnthnh "ma s t ri c th m gi lu ngy thnh quen. Nhng c nhn vo ci u ln ( ma) vi ciming rng, ci mi to v ci sng ni cm th bit ngay khng phi l con s t ri.

Ghi ch ca :Mc d ngi chu u dng ch Unicorn gi con k ln ca chu nhng con Unicorn ca chu u l con


10/71

nga c 1 sng thng gia trn.Tng t nh trng hp h dng ch Dragon gi con rng ca chu . K thc, trong vn ha u Ty,Dragon l loi khng long c cnh, qui th phun la, biu tg ca ci c lm hi loi ngi. V khng hiu rcon Rng chu l linh vt lm ma gip con ngi, v l biu tng ti cao ca hong tc, nn nhiu ngichu u vn cn tng ngi chu th qu d.

22-03-2007, 09:58 PM23. (KTNN 100, ngy 15-01-1993)Ti sao li gi l "con gip"? Mi con gip c bao nhiu nm?

AN CHI: Hai ting con gip l mt li ni ca phng ng Nam B. Trong phng ng ny con gip l mt chuk 12 nm m lch gi bng tn ca 12 a chi t T n Hi. Ngha ny cho ra mt ngha rng l chu k thigian t mt nm cho n nm cng mt tn chi vi n sau 12 nm, chng hn t nm Nhm Thn 1832n nm Gip Thn 1844, hoc t nm inh Hi 1947 n nm K Hi 1959, v.v.. Do m ngi sanh nmNhm Thn 1832 ln hn ngi sanh nm Gip Thn 1844 mt con gip, cn ngi snh nm K Hi 1959 thnh hn ngi snh nm inh Hi 1947 mt con gip. Ngoi ra, trong khu ng ca ting a phng Nam B,con gip cn c ngha l con vt tng trng ca mi chi trong 12 a chi na (chng hn con chut cho nmT, con tru cho nm Su, v.v Do mi c cu "Mi hai con gip khng ging con no.

Vy ti sao li gi l con gip? Nguyn ngy xa ngi ta theo th t trc sau ca thp can v thp nh chim phi hp cc can v cc chi vi nhau sao cho c c mt chu k gm 60 n v bt u t Gip T cho n

Qu Hi, trong mi n v c gi bng mt tn kp gm c mt tn can v mt tn chi. Chu k ny ctrnh by thnh mt bng gm c 60 . Bng ny gi l hoa gip. Trong phng ng Bc B, hoa gip cni tt thnh gip. Gip thot u vn c hiu l mt chu k gm 60 nm, v sau li c linh ng hiuthnh mt chu k 12 nm nh cch hiu thong thng hin nay. Tuy cng cng mt cch chuyn ngha nhtrn nhng trong phng ng Nam B th hoa gip li tr thnh con gip v hai l do. Mt l ngi ta vn b mnh bi cc con vt tng trng cho mi chi khi ni n hoa gip. Hai l ting con va c tc dng nhc nh ncc con vt nh ni trn, li va ng m vi con l mt t ch chu k nh trong con nc, con trng v.v.m hoa gip th r rng l mt chu k. V hai l do m con thay th cho hoa.

24-03-2007, 07:26 AM24- (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)C GI: Xin cho bit xut x ca tn gi Ba Son (Nh my Ba Son).

AN CHI: V tn Ba Son, trong Si Gn nm xa, Vng Hng Sn ghi nhn bn cch gii thch sau y1. Trc kia c mt anh th ngui tn Son, th ba, vo lm s ny. Ngi ta bn ly th v tn ca anhm gi tn s l Ba Son.2. Trc khi Ba Son c thnh lp th ni c mt con xo chy qua. Xo ny c nhiu c. Ngi Phpthng n cu v gi n l "mare aux poissons (ao c). Khi xy dng xng Ba Son, con xo tuy b lpnhng tn vn cn. Ngi ta bn phin m poissons thnh Ba Son gi xng mi thnh lp.3. Ba Son l do ting Php reparation c ngha l cng vic sa cha m ra (Ba Son vn l ni sa cha tuthy).4. Ba Son l do "bassin de radoub"ngha l " sa cha v tu m ra (bassin > Ba Son). ng Vng Hng Snvit r nh sau: "Theo quyn Promenades dans Saigon, tc gi, b Hilda Arnold, ghi rng bui u ngi Php xut ra trn by triu quan thi y lp t v xy ci tu "bassin de radoub" ny, c th sa chacc th tu chin, tu bun ti y khi em v tn Php quc. Thi y, cuc chuyn vn u do ng thy,nn ci "bassin de radoub" gip h nm vn mng x ny trong tay". Trong bn cch trn, ch c cch gii thchth t l ng tin nht m thi.

V phn mnh, chng ti cho rng Ba Son l do ting Php bastion (= pho i) m ra v tin rng s c ngychng ti chng minh c mi quan h ny.

Ghi ch ca :Cch th nht, nh v ba l tham kho cho vui ch khng hp l v mt ngun gc hay ng m v ngi mnh,c bit l ngi min Nam s pht m cc t:

1. Ti sao l anh th ngui m khng ly tn ca ng gim c?2. poissons = "boa-dng" hay "boa-zng".3. rparation = "r-ba-ra-xng".4. Cch th t cng khng thuyt phc lm v mt ng m, v nu m t ch bassin th ngi mnh s githnh Bt-xanh hay Bt-xe ch khng thnh Ba son.


11/71

Suy lun ca An Chi v ch bastion (Ba-xng = Ba-xoong = Ba Son) d chp nhn hn v mt ng m vngun gc.

V ng m, nn nh a s sch bo Vit Ng thi xa u gi v vit l Ba-xoong ch t vit l Ba Son nh sauny.

Ngoi ra, khu vc dc theo b sng Si Gn-Th Ngh ngy xa l khu vc thnh Gia nh (bastion de Gia Dinh)m Phan Thanh Gin v L Vn Duyt tng c gng trn th chng li qun Php. Cho nn nghing v gi

thuyt bastion hn.

27-03-2007, 03:02 AM25. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)Lc dc, tht tnh l nhng tnh cm no?

AN CHI:1. Lc dc l ting nh Pht ch su iu ham mun do lc cn (mt, tai, mi, li, thn v ) m ra: mt munnhn p, tai mun nghe hay, mi mun ngi thm, li mun nm ngon, thn mun hng sng v munbit ht.

2. Tht tnh l by th tnh cm thng khuy ng lng ngi: h (mng), n (gin), ai (lo), c (s), i (yu),

(ght) v dc (mun).Ghi ch ca :Trong lc dc th a s thnh vin ca TVE b vng ci dc th su ( mun bit ht, c ht, hiuht,...download ht). Nng nht l cc admin v MOD...

27-03-2007, 10:45 PM26. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)in nh l ngh thut th by. Xin cho bit su ngh thut kia.

AN CHI: Su ngh thut kia l:1. m nhc,2. ma,3. hi ha,

4. iu khc,5. kin trc,6. kch.

Ghi ch ca :Vy lnh vc sng tc khng c lit vo hng ngh thut. Bun nh. Ch v ngy xa cc nh vit sch chuu hay chu u l cc nh t tng nn vn hc c xp chung vi philosophy (u) hay Thi Th ()

C ai bit ngh thut th tm l mn no khng? (Hi nghim tc nh. Khng phi l 888). C vi ln nghe boch hay i nhc n ngh thut th tm nhng ngi th m ch ngnh ha, ngi th m ch mt ngnhkhc no nn mnh rt m h v ci gi l ngh thut th tm.

Ghi ch ca Caravan:Trong 6 ngh thut trn, em nh l c chia l 2 mng

+ Ngh thut lin quan khng gian: hi ha, kin trc, iu khc+ Ngh thut lin quan thi gian(ci ny khng nh chnh xc): m nhc, ma, kch.Ngoi ra em thy v tru tng khng gian th lin quan n bn cu no tri, cn 3 ngh thut kia lin quann bn cu no phi

28-03-2007, 07:28 AM27. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)Con du ca vua gi l g? Ti sao con r ca vua li gi l ph m?

AN CHI: Con du ca vua gi l hong tc. Hong l mt thnh t ch nhng g thuc v vua, lin quan n vua.


12/71

Tc l dng tt ca tc ph tr nn thng dng, c ngha l con du. Con r ca vua vn c gi l hongt (t l r). T i Ngy, i Tn, chng r c phong lm ph m y, gi tt l ph m, m xa l phm. y l mt chc quan chuyn trch vic nga xe cho vua, anh chng hong t c ci tn ph m l nh chc ny.

Ghi ch ca :Trn thin nh th chc "quan chuyn trch vic nga" gi l bt m n. Ai c xem Ty du k chc cn nh. Lc nu gi M Hu Vng l ph m chc chng xy ra chuyn i no thin nh. C l ti Ngc Hongkhng c con gi?

chithien28-03-2007, 10:42 PM

Cnh g ng a c con ng tn l ng Tin ng . Theo em bit hnh nh ng ny tn l ng Tin Gin .Do hai ch ny t dng ging nhau nn gii " Vt bt lng i git bt ch " nhm . C phi th khng cc c ?

29-03-2007, 06:57 AMCnh g ng a c con ng tn l ng Tin ng . Theo em bit hnh nh ng ny tn l ng Tin Gin .Do hai ch ny t dng ging nhau nn gii " Vt bt lng i git bt ch " nhm . C phi th khng cc c ?

- c Hng trong " c ng Tin ng" vit v tiu s v s nghip ng Tin ng th cho rng ng l

mt trong s cc s phu Bc H sm thy sc mnh mi phong tro Ty Sn v em li ht tm huyt phc v vng triu mi ny. ng c Nguyn Hu phong lm c ng Tri, tc ng lnh hu, gi chctrn th x Thanh Ho. Di s t chc v lnh o tuyt vi ca Quang Trung - Nguyn Hu c ng Tinng ch huy qun Ty Sn nh thng trn ng a.

- Phan Huy L trong bi vit " c Long v mt s di vt thi Ty Sn mi pht hin" chng minh rng c Long (1) hay c Mu (2) (3) chnh l c ng Tin ng ngi lng Dng X (Chng M, HTy),mt v tng tin phong ca Quang Trung, Nguyn Hu, c cng ln trong cuc khng chin chng qunxm lc Thanh vo cui th k 18.

- Nguyn Trng Tr gii thiu 14 v tng Ty Sn trong sch "Ty Sn lng tng ngoi truyn" trong tc gi cho rng c Long chnh l ng Vn Long, t l T Vn, qu huyn Tuy Vin, ph Quy Nhn (Bnhnh).

- Nguyn Quang Thng chng minh trong "Qung Nam t nc v nhn vt" rng c Long chnh l L Vn

Long, ngi lng Ph Xun Trung, huyn L Dng, chu Thng Hoa (nay thuc th x Tam K, Qung Nam).

- ng Xun Vnh phn i cc tc gi cho rng ngi c cng nh trn ng a khng phi l ng Tinng m l ng Tin Gin . Bng cc c liu lch s tc gi khng nh ng Tin ng l ngi c cng trongchin thng ma xun nm K Du v l gii mt vi khuyt im ca ng.

- Ng Th Long trong "Mt s t liu lin quan n c ng Tin ng i Ty Sn" trch dn 6 on t liut cc ngun khc nhau lin quan n c ng Tin ng i Ty Sn chng minh rng ng Tin ngth ti nh th h ng l v tng Ty Sn c Long.on 1: t sc phong cho c ng Tin ng.on 2: Bia cha Thu Lm.on 3: chung cha Thu Lm v chung cha Trm Gian.on 4: Trch gia ph h ng.on 5: V mt s hot ng khc ca ng Tin ng.on 6: Mt s bi Ai Vn (vn bun) do Phan Huy ch lm gip iu ng c Lng X.

- Vn Ninh trong bi " c ng Tin ng hay c ng Tin Gin" khng nh l c ngTin Gin vi ng Tin ng l hai nhn vt khc nhau. Theo th t t liu cng b trong bi vit ca PhanHuy L v bn sc phong nay cn gi c ti nh th h ng, v tm bia trc cha Thu Lm thn LngX, v bc tng ca c ng xem xt v phn tch s nhm ln v c ng Tin ng, ng chnhl ng Tin Gin mt v cu thn nh L theo hng Ty Sn. Cn c Long mi chnh l ngi c cng ln cm o qun tin phong ca Ty Sn nh trn ng a ly lng.

...(1) Hong L nht thng ch - Ng Gia Vn Phi.(2) i nam chnh bin lit truyn - Quc s qun triu Nguyn(3) Ty Sn thy mt kho ca o Nguyn Ph


13/71

C qu nhiu nh nghin cu lch s a ra cc ti liu khc nhau v nguyn qun cng nh thn th ca hai vny.

Theo Natphung, hai ngi c chung tc, chung nh, ng chung ging, c chung v vn c th l hai ngikhc nhau nh trng hp... hai ng to cng, chng ca b to.

11-04-2007, 05:42 AM28. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)"T h" l g? C phi cng l "t khoi" hay khng?

AN CHI: T khoi l quan nim ca ngi Vit Nam gm c: n, ng, . v . y l bn ci th c tnh chtsinh l. Cn t h l mt quan nim ca ngi Trung Hoa, c ngha l bn iu mng, bn iu tt lnh. Quannim ny bt ngun t mt bi th dn gian, tc gi l T h thi (bi th v bn iu vui mng). y l mt bith m cc trng hc thn qu Trung Hoa ngy xa vn dy cho hc sinh. N c chp trong Dung traity bt ca Hng Mi i Tng, Nguyn vn (phin m Hn Vit) nh sau:

i hn phng cam v;Tha hng ng c tri;ng phng hoa chc d;Kim bng qui danh th.

Dch ngha:

Nng hn lu ngy gp ma nhunNi x ngi gp c bn cm uc hoa trong phng c duLc thi bng vng treo tn.

Mi cu th ni ln mt iu vui mng. Tuy cu th ba ni ln iu vui mng v m tn hn, c phn notrng vi ci khoi th ba, nhng r rng t khoi v t h l hai quan nim ring bit.

Ghi ch ca :

C mt giai thoi vn hc v Th Khoa Ngha, tc ng Bi Hu Ngha Ch Go, Tin Giang, lin quan n biT H Thi ny. Chuyn k ng l ngi dng ch rt tit kim, lun tm cch ct bt ch cu vn sc tch hnnn ni ting v ti gin lc cc bi th m vn gi nguyn .

Mt hm c ngi em bi T h thi ra nh ng ct bt ch. Tuy nhin, ng bo bi th ny khng th ct bt,ngc li micu phi thm hai ch cho mch vn mnh m, t tun tro hn. Trc s ngc nhin ca mingi ng ngm nga.

Cu nin i hn phng cam v;Thin l tha hng ng c tri;Ha thng ng phng hoa chc d;Thiu nin kim bng qui danh th.

Ri ng chm ri ging gii (*)

"Nng hn lu ngy gp ma" th khng mnh m nh chn nm hn hn mi gp ma th ci h, ci nim vuisau "chn nm trng hn" n khng dm n, ung khng dm ung m by gi c c nc ... tm th mi thtl thng khoi.

"Ni x ngi gp c bn c" th cng vui nhng nim vui khi qua lng bn gp ngi quen u c mngbng i na vng tri t tn California hay Florida, m gp ngi quen nh tovanhung.

"m uc hoa trong phng c du" sng th sng nhng cng "th gian s thng", sao sng bng cisng v ha thng c i tr gii, nay ph l hon tc v ... ci v.

"Thi bng vng treo tn" lc lm cm c 20 nm sau ra ng khng ai thm nhn, th sao sng bngchng thiu nin tui tr git gii trng nguyn trong nh th r rng tng mn, m ra ng th bit bao nhiu


14/71

ngi p lic mt a tnh.

---------------------(*) lu ngy khng nh nguyn vn, xin v php c Th Khoa Ngha m k li theo ci kiu ca .

11-04-2007, 05:51 AM29. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)Xin cho bit tn nc ta qua cc thi k lch s

AN CHI: Sau y l quc hiu qua cc i:

1. Xch Qu (thi Kinh Dng Vng),2. Vn Lang (thi HngVng),3. u Lc (i An Dng Vng),4. Vn Xun (i L Nam , 541-547),5. i C Vit (i inhTin hong, 968-979),6. i Vit t i L ThnhTng, 1055-1072),7. i Ngu (i H Qu Ly, 1400),8. i Vit (t i L Thi T, 1428-1433),9. Vit Nam (t i Gia Long, 1802-1819),10. i Nam (t i MinhMng, 1820-1840),

11. Vit Nam (Dn ch Cng ha) t 2.9.1945.Sau khi An Dng Vng mt C Loa v t t th nc u Lc b Triu st nhp vo qun Nam Hi lpthnh nc Nam Vit. Nc ny li b nh Hn chim ri t thnh Giao Ch b chia lm 9 qun trong 3 qunGiao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam, ch yu l Giao Ch, ri n Cu Chn, c nhng phn t c ca u Lc.Nm 203, Hn Hin ci gi l Giao Chu. Nm 679, ng Cao Tng t lm An Nam h ph. Thi phpthuc, nc ta b chia lm Tonkin, Annam v Cochinchine. Trc nm 1945, vn dch thnh Bc K, Trung K vNam K. T nm 1945, chnh ph lm thi ca nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha gi l Bc B, Trung B vNam B. Sau , chnh quyn thn Php gi l Bc Phn, Trung Phn v Nam Phn, ri Bc Vit, Trung Vit vNam Vit. Trc 1945, tn Vit Nam vn c c dng nhng ch l ngn t ca sch bo hoc l yu ttrong tn ca t chc (nh: Vit Nam Quc dn ng, Vit Nam c lp ng minh hi, v.v. ) m thi.

11-04-2007, 09:20 PM

LM LT THM:Xin hi ti sao ngi Vit mnh li ni "cht mt ca t" (du sc) m khng ni "cht mt ca t". T mi lcht ch. Mong c ch dn. Rt cm n.

NGUYN NG DANH(viethoc.org)

Thnh ng "cht mt ca t" c ngha bng l sp b thua l, sp gp vic khng may mn v.v.. Theo ch hiubit ca ti, thnh ng ny bt ngun t mn chi xm hng (c ngi gi tri ra l tam hng). Ti khng rngy nay Vit nam ngi ta c cn chi mn ny hay khng.

Trc ht xin ni v ci tn, xm l th (nh xin xm), hng l mu hng. Nguyn thu tr chi ny c tn lxm hng, nhng v Hng-Nhm l tn ca vua T-c, dn gian s phm hu nn phi gi l xm hng. Mtb sm hng gm c 63 chic th (lm bng ng hay bng xng th, bng ct tre), 6 con sc sc (ht xngu) v mt ci t. Mi th sm c khc mt ch, hoc l Trng nguyn (hc v cao nht), hay Bng nhn,

Thm hoa v.v. cho n T ti (hc v thp nht). Cn con sc sc (x ngu) th ai cng bit c su mt, mi mtl mt s. S 1 v 4 mu , hai - ba - nm - su mu en.

Ngi chi 6 ht sc sc trong ci t v thang im c bn da trn mt t (mu ) gm: nht hng (c 1mt t), nh hng (2 mt t) v.v. cho n lc ph hng (c 6 mt t ca 6 ht sc sc). Ngi c 6mt t s ot tt c cc th c trong cuc chi, k c th thuc v tay ngi khc v c thng gp i sim quy nh. y l trng hp him hoi, c coi l tt nh ca vn may. Nhng ngi Vit li c nim tind oan rng khi t c lc ph hng, th mng t m lo nhiu, v h ngh rng sau vn may mn trong cbc tt s gp nhiu xui xo bt hnh trong cc cng vic khc, nht l nhng ai chi xm hng trong ngyu nm on vn hn xui ca mnh.

Tm li, trong mn chi xm hng vo nhng ngy Tt, ai gp ton ca t (bn nt mu ca ht sc sc)


15/71

th sau c lo ngay ngy s gp nhng vic xui xo trong sut c nm. Do m c thnh ng cht mt cat.

12-04-2007, 06:19 AM30. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)"Ba hn by va" l nhng hn no, va no? Ti sao c ngi cn cho rng n ng c by va m n b li cti chn va?

AN CHI: Ba hn by va l mt quan nim xut pht t Trung Hoa. y l mt quan nim ca o gio. TingHn l tam hn tht phch. Sch Bo Phc T ca Ct Hng i Tn c vit: "Mun tr nn thn thng th philuyn php chia mnh bng nc, la. Chia mnh c th thy c ba hn by va ca bn thn". Sch Vn cptht tim ca Trng Qun Phng i Tng ni r ba hn l: thai quang, sng linh v u tinh cn by va l: thicu, phc th, tc m, thn tc, phi c, tr u v x ph. S phn bit by va ca n ng vi chn va can b c th ch l do mt s ngi Vit Nam t ra. H gii thch rng s d nh th l v n ng c by lm n b th c ti chn l. By l th by va cn chn l th chn va. By l ng vi by va th ng vi quannim ca dn gian cho rng l by hn bng: bng nhn, bng nghe, bng th v bng ni. Hai l mt nhn, hai l tai nghe, hai l mi th v l ming ni th ng l by l. By l ny th n ng v nb u c. Cn chn l l nhng l no? L by l trn cng vi l tiu tin v l i tin. Vy chng c l nng th khng c hai l sau ny chng? R rng cch phn bit n ng by l vi n b chn l l iu v l:v phng din ny th nam n "tuyt i bnh ng".

Nhng do u m li c quan nim trn y? C th l do mt s hiu nhm. Ting Hn gi by l l tht khiuv chn l l cu khiu. Trong cu khiu th by l trn gi l thng khiu cn hai l di gi l h khiu.Thng khiu cng gi l dng khiu cn h khiu cng gi l m khiu. Chng ti ng rng ngi ta hiunhm m khiu l l... ring ca ph n, nn mi cho rng n b hn n ng hai l. C l v th m sinh rachuyn "nam tht n cu chng?

Ghi ch ca :* Sch ca o Duy Anh ("Vit Nam vn ha s cng", (1938), Nh xut bn Tng hp ng Thp (ti bn),1998), thin th ba, chng VI "Tn ngng v t t" ghi rng:

Hn l ci linh ph vo phn kh ca ngi, l phn khinh thanh, ngi ta cht th bay ln khng; cn phch lci linh ph vo phn hnh ca ngi, l phn trng trc, khi ngi ta cht th tiu xung t. n ng c bahn ph vo tam tiu v by phch (va) ph vo tht khiu, n b th c chn phch (va) ph vo cu khiu.

V ch thch:

* Tam tiu l min ming trn d dy l thng tiu, min gia d dy l trung tiu, min trn bng quang lh tiu.* Tht khiu l by ci l trn mt: hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi, v ming.* Cu khiu l tht khiu vi hai khiu: l sinh thc kh v hu mn

* Sch ca Hong Quc Hi ("Vn ha phong tc", Nh xut bn Ph N, 2005), chng "Vic tang vic hiu"ghi rng:

Theo quan nim c xa, con ngi c 7 l (tht khiu) hp th vt cht, tinh thn m trng thnh. By l l : hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi v ming. n b c thm l v v l sinh dc v nui con. Khi htchc nng sinh li tr v tht khiu (Pht gio phn bit cc ng vt cao cp, h c cu khiu (9 l) uc th tu Pht. V vy, trong lch s c Tn Hnh gi gc t con kh. Cu khiu trong trng hp ny k c nng v n b tnh theo th n nh : 2 l tai, 2 l mt, hai l mi, ming, l sinh dc, l bi tit).

Hong Quc Hi cng nh bt k ngi no khc cng c quyn suy din cch ca mnh.Cch suy din 2 ci khiu l nh khiu, hoc mt ci din gii khc gn cho l m o vo hu mn ca ngin l mt suy din ch c Vit Nam.V li, cch suy din ca HQH th n b c n 10 khiu (hai mt, hai tai, hai l mi v ming. n b c thml v v l sinh dc v nui con.) ch khng cn l tht khiu hay cu khiu na. Nu suy din th ngita cn nhiu ci khiu (ci l) khc na, nh my ci khiu nhn to (x l tai) khiu... ch (kh chu)

Ni cho vui thi. Tuy nhin khi tm hiu ngha ca mt t/ng ta phi da vo t in, v t nguyn ch khngth suy din.Trong cc t in ting Hn, nh T Hi chng hn, u gii thch v tht khiu (cng gi l dng khiu) nhAn Chi gii thch. Tuy nhin, cn c thm mt nh ngha v cu khiu l dng khiu (7) + m khiu (2).


16/71

m khiu l hai l tiu tin v i tin (bn di = m) cng vi tht khiu (bn trn = dng) thnh cu khiu.C l ngi Vit mnh hiu lm ch m khiu v cho rng m ngha l thuc v n gii nn mi gn hai cikhiu cho n b chng.

Nu bn th s trong sch Tu, ngi b u c (nh V i Lang) hay tai nn chn thng th b "mutro ra tht khiu" ch chng ai ni "mu tro ra cu khiu".

12-04-2007, 12:59 PM31. (KTNN 101, ngy 01-02-1993)"Tin cheo" l tin g?

AN CHI: Trong Vit Nam vn ha s cng, o Duy Anh lin h l np cheo Vit Nam vi tc lan nhai(chn ng) ca Trung Hoa. Cn Phan K Bnh th ni r nh sau: "L ci xin phi np tin lan nhai cholng, th gi l np cheo. Ngi trong lng ly nhau th np mt vi ng bc, gi l cheo ni, ngi ngoily gi lng th bao gi cng phi np nng hn, hoc nm su ng hoc mi ng hoc mt vi chc, ty tcring tng lng, gi l cheo ngoi. C ni khng ly tin, bt np bng gch bt trng, hoc ni th bt npbng mm ng, bt s, ty lng cn dng thc g th np thc y ch khng np tin, nhng chiu gi tin thcng tng ng nhau. Ngoi l cheo lng, li c l cheo hng xm, cheo bn tc, cheo bn thn, hoc nm batin km hoc mt vi quan hay mt hai ng bc, v.v.. H c cheo ri mi thnh gia tht. Cheo tc l phnbua vi lng nc. Ly nhau c ci cheo l s hn th phn minh, v sau v chng c iu g khng d mly d c nhau v ngi ngoi cng khng c php m tranh cnh c na (Vit Nam phong tc, Nxb ng

Thp, 1990, tr.180-181).Th l Phan K Bnh ni rt r v khi nim cheo. Nhng vic c ng ln o y Anh lin h l np cheo vitc lan nhai th li l mt vic khng ng. Lan nhai (chn ng) l mt tc l khc m chnh Phan K Bnhcng c ni n khi ng m t l ging dy: "Trong lc i ng th nhng k hn h hoc ly si ch , hocmnh vi, la ging ngang gia ng, m ci i n phi ni t t m cho chng n vi ho th chng nmi ci dy cho i. Ch th chng n by hng n, ch i n, t mt bnh pho n mng, ch y phi i hmt vi ng mi xui. Nu bn xn m khng cho chng n tin, th chng ct ch, ct dy ni by ni b,chng xng ng cho vic vui mng, v vy m no cng phi ch (Sd, tr.59). y mi ch th l tc lannhai.

NatPhung14-04-2007, 05:29 PM

Trong Chuyn ng Chuyn Ty cu 28 ca tc gi An Chi ni v t h nh sau :

y l mt bi th m cc trng hc thn qu Trung Hoa ngy xa vn dy cho hc sinh. N c chptrong Dung trai ty bt ca Hng Mi i Tng, Nguyn vn (phin m Hn Vit) nh sau:

i hn phng cam v;Tha hng ng c tri;ng phng hoa chc d;Kim bng qui danh th.

Dch ngha:

Nng hn lu ngy gp ma nhunNi x ngi gp c bn cm uc hoa trong phng c duLc thi bng vng treo tn.

Nhng tnh c NatPhung c c trong Thn ng Thi ca tc gi Ung Chu () cng c ng bn cu trn.Vy thc ra bi t h thi ny l ca ai ? Hng Mi hay Ung Chu ? Hay Hng Mi chnh l Ung Chu cng nhHu Thin chnh l An Chi ?

Trong T in nhn danh, a danh v tc phm vn hc ngh thut Trung Quc ca tc gi BS. Hong XunChnh (2000) c vit nh sau :Sheng Tong Shi - Thn ng Thi - Do thn ng Ung Th () i nh Tng bin son, gm 34 bi th lmtheo th tuyt c, mi cu nm ch. c sng tc khi tc gi mi 9 tui. (tr. 382). y ta thy ni th gi l Chu, ch th gi l Th, nhng gc ch Hn vn l (do l mt).T in Thiu Chu : Th cng c l Chu


17/71


18/71

vn Duyt.

34. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)Trc y ti c tng bnh v l bnh do ngi ta tng tng m v ra nn hai ting bnh v mi dng ch ci g khng c tht. Nhng trn Tui Tr ch nht s 28-92 (19.7.1992), trang 20, tc gi bi Bnh v lc Vn Hoa li vit rng l mt mn bnh c sn c truyn ca lng V, thn ng Ngc, huyn T Lim,ngoi thnh H Ni ngy nay v cu v :

Kht nc ng cnh b ao

i n bnh v chim bao c vng

chnh l ni n th bnh ca lng V.

AN CHI : Trong bi Ch v Ngha (Ngn ng, s 1, 1969 tr. 85-89) nh vn Nguyn Cng Hoan cng tngni nh c Vn Hoa. Khc nhau l ch Nguyn Cng Hoan ni rng bnh v l loi bnh thu a nhp thiuv n to bng qu ping pong, nhng khi n, b vo ming, bnh c nc di lm tan ra th n ch tp li c mtt cn c Vn Hoa th ni rng l loi bnh np thiu thu a v bnh v khi cha rn chn ch l mtming bt mng, b t to, nhng khi rn chn s n phng to nh ci chn ung nc. Nguyn Cng Hoan cn ngh vit hoa ch v thnh V na! Nhng c Nguyn Cng Hoan ln c Vn Hoa u khng c l: bnhlng V, d l thu a nhp thiu hay np thiu thu a th cng l th bnh c tht cn bnh v li l mt thbnh h tuyt i, ngha l hon ton khng tht!

Bnh v l mt n v t vng ting Vit ra i bng hnh thc vay mn theo li dch ngha (ting Php:calque, ting Anh: calque, heteronym, loan translation) t ting Hn l ha bnh. Sch Tam Quc Ch, phnNgy ch, truyn L Dc, c on sau y : Ting tm nh bnh v trn t, khng th n c (Danh nhha a tc bnh, bt kh m d). Sch Truyn ng lc cng c ghi li li ni ca Tr Nhn: Bnh v khngth lm cho ht i (Ha bnh bt kh sung c). Th ca L Thng n cng c cu: Cp bc (ca quan) nhbnh v (Quan hm ng ha bnh). Thnh ng ha bnh sung c (v bnh lm ngui cn i) vn cn tn titrong ting Hn hin i.Hunh-Tnh Paulus Ca cng ging trong i Nam quc m t v nh sau: Bnh v. Cuc di gi, ch gi lha bnh.

Vy iu m bn tng chnh li l iu hon ton ng s tht v bnh v chng c lin quan g n bnhca lng V c.

Li bn ca : i thng khi bnh v ngon hn bnh tht, bi ci tr tng tng ca ta n lm cho ci bnh v lun to hn,ngon hn, thch hn l bnh tht.

M hnh nh bnh v cng c nhiu ngi "n" hn l bnh tht. Ch c iu l ngi ta khng bit v n cgi bng ci tn khc: "php lch s", "li chc", "x giao", "ng vin", "khu hiu", "khen thng", "t thnhtch", "ng h v mt tinh thn",V d:- Ch un tc kiu ny trng tr hn ra (trong bng th ngh: "X. Gi m cn nga")- C quan ta nm nay t thnh tch cao, vt ch tiu 15% so vi cng k nm ngoi. (C ai bit nm nay lmpht tng bao nhiu phn trm khng? Vy tin thng c tng khng?)- Cc anh ch cn tr, cn rt nhiu c hi nn phi lun c gng phn u (ch chng ti th ... gi ri nnmin ci v phn u...)- Nc ta bin bc rng vng, ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph (c cn khng?)V d cn di, ai c kin hay xin ghi vo. tm kt bng cu th ca Bt Tre.Thi ua ta quyt thi ua,Thi ua ta quyt tin ln hng u.Hng u ri bit i u.i u khng bit hng u c ln.

15-04-2007, 03:35 PMV cha tm ra c bi Dung Trai ty bt ca Hng Mi, nn Natphung khng bit ni dung ra sao. Tuy nhin,trong bi Thn ng thi ca Ung Chu c hai ch khc vi bn T h thi do An Chi phin m. l ch "cu "thay v "i" v ch "ng " thay v "ng".Sau y l 4 cu trong bi Thn ng thi (ngun : vnthuquan) :

cu hn phng cam v, tha hng ng c tri;


19/71

ng phng hoa chc d, kim bng qui danh th.

T in Thiu Chu : : ng, ng.

Khng dm nhn hai ch cao nhn ca anh Natphung, m chc cng chng c ai li nhy vo t nhn mnh lcao nhn cho d c ... cao 1 thc tm nh cu th bng r. Thi th bit g ni ny coi nh thy bi s voi.

Dung trai ty bt l mt b sch ca Hng Mi, mt hc gi i Tng chp li nhng iu hay cho i sau suygm, cng kiu nh "Thng Kinh K S" ca L Hu Trc hay Si-gn nm xa ca Vng Hng Sn. V vy

An Chi mi ghi l "chp trong Dung trai ty bt..." ch khng ni l ca Hng Mi.

Bi Thn ng thi tng truyn l ca Ung Chu (m hin i c Ung Th) sng tc nm chn tui. Hin nayc nhiu gio s i hc ti Trung Quc ang xt li nhiu tc phm c gn cho l ca thn ng Ung Chu,v cng ng vi quan nim ny.

Hy c vi cu trong "Thn ng thi" cc bn c ngh rng y l suy ngh,v khu kh ca mt a b, chodu n l thn ng nh Trn ng Khoa.

xun du phng tho a, h thng lc h tr;

thu m hong hoa tu, ng ngm bch tuyt thi....

khuynh quc t dung bit, a khai ph qu gia;...

nhn ti dim dng trung, o hoa nh din hng;

nin nin nh tam nguyt, s tiu xun phong.

Con nt chn tui m i ma xun do ng c, ma h ngm h xanh, ma thu nhu ru thuc, ma ngngi ngm th vnh tuyt trng. Ri th nhng t tng giai nhn sc p khuynh quc, ngi p m nh hoao nh Thi H, ri th mi nm thng hai ba ly vy-cy-xng (vacation) ngh mt m ci ct gi Xun ...th khu kh ln qu khng? Hay l ng bu ca thn ng cng chi tr khai gian... st tui?

Ring v ch cu v ch i th c l l d bn.a s cc sch Vit u in l "i hn" nhng cc sch/website Tu li ghi "Cu hn". Du c hai u mangngha "Hn hn ln" Nhng ch "Cu" hay hn ch "i". "i hn" l hn ln ni chung nhng c th chngmt hai nm nay. Cn "Cu" (nh cu ngng, trng cu,...) l lu lm ri, l maximum. Cho nn Cu hn thn hn lu ri, hn ... d lm.

15-04-2007, 04:58 PMLM LT:

Cho hi trn tay vn vi nc nh tm hay nh v sinh thng c hai ch "H" v "C" trn tay vn ngha l g?

TR LI:

Khi bn hi, ti ngh rng d bn vn tay nm bn no th vi nc ca bn cng ch c ... nc lnh chy racho nn bn mi hi nh trn. nhng ni c trang b nc nng v nc lnh th thng vi bn tri (c ch

H) c nc nng khong 50-55 C, v vi bn phi (c ch C) l nc lnh nhit bnh thng.Ch H l ch Hot (nng) ting Anh vit tt.Ch C l ch Cold (lnh) ting Anh vit tt

Nu bn mua vi nc ca chu u th c th thy ch C v ch F.Ch C l Chaud (nng) v ch F l Froid (lnh).

Li bn (ra) ca :Nu bn ch H khng c nc, ch c nc 1 bn ch C th ch H l "Ht" v ch C l "Cn"

NatPhung


20/71

18-04-2007, 03:09 PM35. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)Trong T in thnh ng v tc ng Vit Nam, tc gi Nguyn Ln ging cu Nm gi khc mng nh sau:Theo mt truyn trong Nh thp t hiu, mt ngi con c hiu i kim mng cho m, khng thy mng, nmtrn tuyt khc, mng thng tnh (!) mc ln cho anh ly. Nu ti nh khng nhm th nm gi v khc mngl hai tch khc nhau. Xin nh gii p gip.

AN CHI : Vng, ng nh khng nhm. l hai tch khc nhau c tc gi Nguyn Ln gp li lm mt.Anh nm gi l Vng Tng i Tn. M ci m phi sng vi d gh c c, Vng Tng vn mt lng hiu

tho. C ln ang ma ng nc ng bng m d gh thm n c ti. Vng Tng phi ci trn m nmtrn gi ch bt c. T nhin thy bng nt i ri t di khe nt c hai con c chp nhy ln. Vng Tngbt em v cho d gh n v nh m cm ha c m ny. Cn anh khc mng li l Mnh Tng iTam quc, m ci cha v ch hiu vi m. ang ma him mng m m bnh li thm n mng. Khng bit lmcch no, Mnh Tng nh ra ngi bi tre to sau vn m khc. Bng chc c my mt mng t di t mcln. Mnh Tng xn mng em v lm thc n cho m. Nh th m m khi bnh.

Vy nm gi v khc mng l hai chuyn ca hai anh ch khng phi ca mt anh v nm gi khc mng phic vit c du phy sau v trc thnh nm gi, khc mng ch khng phi lin mch nh Nguyn Ln vit!

Li bn (ra) ca goldfish:

Cn anh khc mng li l Mnh Tng i Tam quc, m ci cha v ch hiu vi m. ang ma him mng mm bnh li thm n mng. Khng bit lm cch no, Mnh Tng nh ra ngi bi tre to sau vn m khc.Bng chc c my mt mng t di t mc ln. Mnh Tng xn mng em v lm thc n cho m. Nh thm m khi bnh.Mng tre t lu c dng lm thc n v lm thuc (xemhttp://www2.thanhnien.com.vn/Suckhoe/2006/4/25/146558.tno)(http://www2.thanhnien.com.vn/Suckhoe/2006/4/25/146558.tno%29). Tuy nhin trong mng c cht c HCNnn: loi b HCN trong mng, cn luc v ngm k. Trong 100 g mng ti cha luc c 32-38 mg HCN. mng luc k ( nc), lng cht ny cn 2,7 mg, mng ti ngm chua l 2,2 mg, nc luc mng l10 mg (xem http://www.amthucvietnam.com/health/19_05_2003-2.asp)(http://www.amthucvietnam.com/health/19_05_2003-2.asp%29).

Cc hiu t ngy nay ngh sao?

Li bn (ra) ca :

Truyn ni l mng "thn" chc khng c c.

Truyn cng ni m ca Mnh Tng bnh nn thm n mng. C iu khng r b b bnh g m thm nmng. Chc khng phi m nghn, v sau khi n mng th "ht bnh". Cho nn c l b n mng tr bnh g.

Cng khng bit b "n" kiu no. Hm, luc, hay ... tn thnh than lm cao n hon tn. Bi v trong tingTu th ngi ta ni l "n" thuc, ch khng ni "ung" thuc nh ngi Vit. Phi c thy lang no ra tay chnon nh Bc S L Vn Sn chn on nhn vt Tam quc (http://vnexpress.net/Vietnam/Suc-khoe/2003/01/3B9C4095/) th may ra mi bit.

NatPhung18-04-2007, 03:19 PM

36. (KTNN 102, ngy 15-02-1993)Ti m ci ngi ta hay trang tr hai con vt Long v Phng v bo l tng trng cho s ha hp v chng

(?). Ti sao th c, khi m hai con vt hon ton khc ging vi nhau. u , c ngi ni : con trng lLoan, con mi l Phng. Vy Loan-Phng ng hay Long-Phng ng ?

AN CHI : Phng hong l mt ging chim huyn thoi m theo m t th thuc loi g (gallinac), c ngTc Tn ng nht vi con cng. Phng l con trng, hong l con mi. Cn loan ch l mt ging chim c mt l ging nh phng hong m thi. Vy loan khng phi l con trng v phng khng phi l con mi (v nl cp trng) trong cp loan-phng.

Trong Hn ng, hai ting loan phng c dng ch cc ngha m T hi cho nh sau :1. ch nhng ngi trung ngha (d d thin loi)2. ch ngi ti gii xut sc (d d anh tun chi nhn)3. ch v chng (d d khng l)


21/71

Do ngha 3 m c cc thnh ng nh: loan phng ho minh (loan phng cng ht) ch v chng ha hp,loan tin phng gin (t loan th phng) ch giy t hn s ca c du ch r. Tuy nhin, ngha 3 ch lngha n d m thi v loan khng phi l con mi ca con phng. V con loan khng phi l con phng mi nntrong m ci ngi ta khng th trang tr con loan con phng cho thnh cp i c.

Ngc li, trong m ci ngi ta trang tr con long (rng) v con phng v y l hai con vt trong hng tlinh tng trng cho s cao sang v im ct tng. Tn v hnh ca chng thng i chung vi nhau. V thm c cc thnh ng nh: long bn phng dt (rng nm phng np) ch ngi c ti m cha gp thi, longdc phng minh (rng nhy phng ht) ch ti ba pht tit ra ngoi, long chng phng t (v rng dng

phng) ch s cao nh, ho phng, long phng trnh tng ( rng phng mang iu lnh n) ch vn scc ho, hoc long u phng v (u rng ui phng) ch s tt p t thy ch chung. Vy hnh con longcon phng trang tr trong m ci chnh l tng trng cho s cao sang vn l c mun chnh ng ca mingi, nht l tng trng cho long u phng v vn l mt li chc bng hoa l ti p (dng kt thnhhnh long phng) cho i tn lang v tn giai nhn c mi mi hnh phc t pht tn hn n lc u bcrng long.

goldfish19-04-2007, 04:03 PM

Bc Natphung ghi:

Sau y l 4 cu trong bi Thn ng thi (ngun: vnthuquan):

cu hn phng cam v, tha hng ng c tri;

ng phng hoa chc d, kim bng qui danh th.

T in Thiu Chu : : ng, ng.Goldfish dch (cm g):

Nng qu di cc say i vXa thn lng - ngi c gp nhauSut m hoa chc ngt ngoBng vng kia gn vo mt tn-----------Xin b sung (theo TuDienHanVietThieuChuu EBook):ng (9n) 1: Ci ng (hang su). 2: L hng, ci g c thng u gi l ng. 3: Sut. Nh ng gim soi sut.(Goldfish dch theo ngha th 3: Sut)

Li bn ra ca :H h: u c phi l "ng d" u m bc lng l "sut m". Hay l bc khng thch ci chuyn khp phng"sut" t tng ny qua tng kia v n phm tc qu, n cht chi qu?"Th vit ng xong, thuyn ch " M l vit xong ri th nh phi sa bn gc li:"ng d phng hoa chc". Nghe cng khng t, c iu khng bit c ai "hu" khng.

NatPhung20-04-2007, 04:44 PM

Bc Natphung ghi:Goldfish dch (cm g):

Nng qu di cc say i vXa thn lng - ngi c gp nhauSut m hoa chc ngt ngoBng vng kia gn vo mt tn-----------Xin b sung (theo TuDienHanVietThieuChuu EBook):ng (9n) 1: Ci ng (hang su). 2: L hng, ci g c thng u gi l ng. 3: Sut. Nh ng gim soi sut.(Goldfish dch theo ngha th 3: Sut)

Li bn ra ca :H h: u c phi l "ng d" u m bc lng l "sut m". Hay l bc khng thch ci chuyn khp phng


22/71

"sut" t tng ny qua tng kia v n phm tc qu, n cht chi qu?"Th vit ng xong, thuyn ch " M l vit xong ri th nh phi sa bn gc li:"ng d phng hoa chc". Nghe cng khng t, c iu khng bit c ai "hu" khng.

Ghi ch ca Natphung:

Tng truyn i nh Trn c mt lo sinh h Vn tn Nt, tnh tnh hm hnh nn ngi ng thi khng mya thch m gi l Vn Nht lo sinh. Do cm thn sau khi c bi T H Thi ca thn ng Ung Chu m vitmt bi Cm Thn Thi trong c bn cu :

i v xong ri nng cc liLng thn y cn ch mongng d hay khng hoa chc rAi tai mt mng kim ng tong!

(Trch trong Lnh Nam t qui truyn)

Thy c phn tng ng vi hai bi trn ca bc Goldfish v Bc , nn Natphung xin mn php chp ra y.

NatPhung20-04-2007, 04:51 PM

37. (KTNN 102, Xun Nhm Thn)

Ti sao li ni giao tha? C phi l do giao thi ni tri ra hay khng?AN CHI : Trong bi Nn hay khng nn loi b ch Hn ra khi ngn ng Vit, D Lan Nguyn c D c chorng giao tha l do giao thi m ra (Xem Sng Hng, s 5, thng 9-10, 1992, tr. 86). y l mt s nhmln. Giao tha l ting Hn ch thc ( y l c theo m Hn Vit), c Hn Vit t in ca o DuyAnh ging nh sau: C giao li, mi tip ly Lc nm c qua, nm mi n. Hn Vit tn t in ca NguynQuc Hng cng ging giao tha nh sau: Tip ni nhau. Ch thi gian nm c ht, nm mi bt u. Vytrong giao tha, th tha c ngha l tip ni, tip nhn ch khng phi do thi ni tri ra.Hai ting giao tha c hm tng cu nghnh tn (a c tip mi) v dn gian tin rng mi nm u c mtng hnh khin coi vic trn gian; c ht nm, ng lc giao tha, th ng tin nhim bn giao cho ng knhim. V vy m c cng giao tha tin ng c v n tip ng mi. Chnh l xut pht t quan nim nym Nguyn Cng Tr lm hai cu i Tt quen thuc :

Chiu ba mi n hi tt m, co cng p thng Bn ra ca:Sng mng mt ru say ty ly, gi tay bng ng Phc vo nh.

NatPhung20-04-2007, 04:57 PM

38. (KTNN 102, Xun Nhm Thn)Ti sao ngi ta thng ni ghp tt nht? C phi nht c ngha l mt hay khng ?

AN CHI : Hai ting tt nht ch dng ni v tt Nguyn n ch khng ch cc tt khc trong nm (nh oanng, Trung thu v.v). Nht l u tin; n l mt thnh t ghp vo sau t Tt ly ngha ca t ny theokiu hai t cng ngha hoc gn ngha i chung vi nhau. Tt y l tt Nguyn n ni tt, m Nguyn n lbui sng u tin (ca nm m lch). ng thi, nhng ngy tt cng l nhng ngy u tin trong nm mi.Ci nt ngha u tin r rng l mt nt ngha chung cho c tt ln nht. Mt s nh nghin cu cho rngtt nht l li ni tri ca tit nht (= ngy tt). Ta kh m gii thch c v sao m ting th hai li phichuyn t thanh 6 (du nng) sang thanh 5 (du sc), ngha l t nht thnh nht. Hn na, tit nht l mtcu trc chnh-ph ca ting Hn trong khi ngi ni hin nay vn cn cm nhn c rng tt nht l mt cu

trc ng lp ca ting Vit trong tt v nht l ng ngha hoc gn ngha vi nhau.

Li bn (ra) ca :"tit nht l mt cu trc chnh-ph ca ting Hn trong khi ngi ni hin nay vn cn cm nhn c rng ttnht l mt cu trc ng lp ca ting Vit trong tt v nht l ng ngha hoc gn ngha vi nhau." Nhtl u tin, l "tin u", l ng ngha vi Tt, cho nn chng l khi ngi ta li dng ngy Tt thi hnh thtc u tin, hay i hi th tc u tin.

Con nt thch Tt khng phi ch v c n ngon mc p trong ba ngy Tt m ch yu v c l-x. Mc pn ngon th trong nm nhiu dp lm nhng xin tin th hay b b m mng. Vy m ngy Tt ngy nht thchng nhng c b m l-x m c hng xm cho ti my "c ch l hoc" trong c quan ca b m cng titn nh l x. Tt l nht.


23/71

Ngi ln thch Tt v Tt th c quyn ly l x, ly qu cp trn mc tnh cm m khng b mang ti thamnhng hay ca quyn. Ngy thng th ngi trao ln ngi nhn rt ngi ngng m m ming, khng bit btu t u. Nhng Tt th khc. Ting Vit c hng l hng lc cc cu x giao "breaking ice", tha h m ni.Ni ting Vit cha "" th li c ting Tu "Cng h f chi" vi ting Anh "Hp-bi niu da" vo cho c chln khch u thy mnh "tr thc" hn, c "nng lc cng tc" cao hn. Tt l nht.

Tt l nht vy th ngy no l nh, l tam, l t, l ... hng cht? Chc l my ngy hu Tt. Khi m nhn thytin dnh dm c nm bay i mt, thm mt ng n cha bit lm sao tr, mt ng "bills" ca th tn dng

(credit card) gi v nh cnh bm vn xun th chc chn l ht tt ht nht ri. Ngao ngn nhn ng nbng thy "ba (ngy) Xun dn li mt ngy ... phin gh".

Nhn li thy ci l cm hoa mai nm tr v trn bn v b tri dp my cnh mai "ny-lon" ri. Bng cmcnh ch H:

"Ct nh i ri l b khng".

goldfish20-04-2007, 10:29 PM

Theo bc th ng Th Khoa Ngha thm mi cu 2 ch cho mch vn mnh m, t tun tro hn:Cu nin i hn phng cam v;Thin l tha hng ng c tri;

Ha thng ng phng hoa chc d;Thiu nin kim bng qui danh th.Ngc li, ng x Ngh no cng thm mi cu 2 ch cho T Khoi thnh T Bt Khoi:

Dim in i hn phng cam v.o tri tha hng ng c tri.Thi gim ng phng hoa chc d.Ph nhn kim bng qui danh .

(Dim in: rung mui; o tri: trn n)

Goldfish ti thy mang ngi chng may b tn ph ra a ct th khng phi cht no. V li, vt qua sphn, c ghi tn bng vng th khoi cng thm khoi. Phi khng cc bc?Goldfish ti vn liu, mun thay 2 ch Ph nhn nhng ngh mi vn cha ra. Chu!

Li bn (v) ca :Ci "t bt khoi" ny n khng thng nht ci ch ai b "bt khoi". L ch ng trong cu hay l ngingoi.

- R rng "dim in" i hn b mc ma th ci rung n chng "khoi", cng chng "bt khoi". Ch c chrung mui "bt khoi" thi.

- o tri gp ngi quen th cha chc l ch n. Du l ch n th y l t l qu ngi, ch n cng chnglm g c mnh, chng khoi lm sao. c gan o tri, chng l khng c mt dy ni ngang mt ln na.Khng phi ch n th c khi cn c gip l ng khc, chng khoi lm sao.

- Thi gim ng phng th "khoi" hay "bt khoi" th cn ty hon cnh. Nu nh thi gim cn "phong lu"(phin tri m ca ch feelings) th c l bt khoi tht, nhng nu nh mt ht "phong lu" vi "phiu-linh",th cn khng mau nm u con tin ph m qut cho mt trn: "Ci ng nh my m cng mun lm b trica lo cng cng ny sao" cho n chy "ng phng ng d" lun chng khoi lm sao. M ngi rnh xem

ngoi ca TVE c cng ... khoi., v n "khoai khng chu ni", cng chng khoi lm sao.

- Kim bng danh th ngi c danh phi khoi ch. Ch c ngi khng mun danh nh "phm nhn"trong s ba en ca Interpoll m b danh tn kim bng th mi khng khoi, nhng ngi ngoi xem bng likhoi. Cn nh cc th sinh "vn v song ton"m trt v chui ht cho mt "n nhn" qun thoa gi danhchim kim bng th v anh th vn khoi nh thng. Ch c my ngi ngoi xem bng l "bt khoi" thi.Cn my v "cng-cng" c rnh m ra xem bn tm c hi kim bc th "bt khoi chi nhi bt bt khoi", cngnh ci dim in thi.

Th mi bit ng chng bng ng ngh.

ng ngh Hun n lc b chm u ch Ph Kit, nh Tng vn cn kp ngm ht cu:


24/71

Thng bi doanh thu Tri khin chu.Phn thn .m. a ci ng

Cng ch hai ch ". m." bung ng lc, ng ch khin cho c m bi thn ng xem vi quan thy ang"khoi" bng thnh "bt khoi".

Xem n y, cc bc v ti cng chng khoi lm sao.

NatPhung22-04-2007, 04:01 PM

Tha hai bc v Goldfish,

Hm qua Natphung c bi ca bc Goldfish v v t bt khoi, Natphung hi b cng phu (confused), hm nayc thm li bn v ca bc Natphung li cng thm tu ha nhp ma. V Natphung nh mang mng ci v tkhoi n khc hn nhng g hai bc ang bn lun, t khoi n cao siu d lm ch u c nh v trn n gprung mui hay cng cng c tn trn bng vng.

Natphung hm ry b T Hng qu (*) v ti n ni bng ch quc ng khng xong, lu lu c phi chm thmting Ph Lang Sa hay ting C Hu hoc ch Hn (ra ci iu Hn rng) mi t c ht ca mnh (nh cngphu, tu ha nhp ma), nn khng cn t tin na, Natphung ti bn tr li my k trc ca mc chuyn ng

chuyn Ty (cu 28) Natphung thy r rng anh hai An Chi c nghin cu nh sau:AN CHI: T khoi l quan nim ca ngi Vit Nam gm c: n, ng, . v . y l bn ci th c tnh chtsinh l. Cn t h l mt quan nim ca ngi Trung Hoa, c ngha l bn iu mng, bn iu tt lnh.cxong cu trn Natphung khng nhng khng ht hoang mang m li cng thm lo lng.

Hoang mang l v: h th c khoi hay khng v ngc li khoi th c h khng? Hnh nh l h th cha chc khoi nhng khoi th chc chn c h.

Lo lng l v hnh nh v Goldfish cng b T Hng ry la d lm nn qunh qung n ni ln ln t ta sangTu, u cng l ti a mang, hai chn ri m i ng ti ba thuyn. Khng bit gi ny hai bc c cn bnci th tnh sinh (vit ngn gn t:"ci th c tnh cht sinh l" cho n hp vi thi i) nh anh hai nghincu hay khng?

Lo lng lm thay.

(*) http://vnthuquan.net/diendan/tm.aspx?m=264598&mpage=1&key=

Li bn vng vng ca :

Anh hai An Chi th hay rch ri chuyn t nguyn, nhng u cng c chua thm l thng ngi ta (Vit)hay dng ln ln t h v t khoi. Mt khc, din nm ca h l mng, hoc khoi mt cht, nhng din Hn()ca khoi li l h. Cho nn bc goldfish v c nm na lung tung khoi h-khoi, khoi h th cng "th gian sthng" (**). Chc T cng ngm ngi mt cht ri b qua.

Ci chuyn a mang ba thuyn, ba gc, cng ti ham chi vi ch H nn c mi tha-thiu, thiu tha (***).Ni ti ci chuyn Ty tu ln ln, mi nh ci chuyn Ty ly v Vit. m ng phng, lm xong mt cp tam h (Nm) xong xui cho n "song h" th nghe c du mi bo ch r (Ty) "Ng h". Ch r hong hnnhng cng rng chu c v mi. Ai d u ti m sng mi xong ch tiu li nghe c du th th "Ng h". Chr bn ku "Tri". T cc c du c gi l b tri.

Cn bn ci th tnh sinh m bc hi "ht hay cn" th phi hi li ngi gi tay hm cha kha mi bit.

(**) http://www.aihuucongchanh.com/luomlat.html(***) Chnh ra ba gc da cn thiu. Khp li i bn tht vn tha. (H Xun Hng)

goldfish22-04-2007, 09:42 PM

Goldfish ti khoi (li khoi vi h!) ci s v hai bc v Natphung thm hoa l cho ci chn phng sao ybn chnh. Do vy m Goldfish ti li vo ci mc CCT ny m l lng con c vng cho thm phn ly di lmvui:


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Chuyn ng ng k ong ngi mChuyn ng Ty tay li chuyn tayLun bn (ra), lm lt (thm) i biKhi ghi (ch), khi dch (cm g) ly dai lm vi

NatPhung23-04-2007, 10:11 AM

39. (KTNN 102, Xun Nhm Thn)"Ng hnh sinh khc" l g?

AN CHI: Ng hnh l nm yu t nguyn thy: kim (kim loi), mc (g), thy (nc), ha (la), th (t). Nghnh sinh khc l nm yu t nguyn thy sinh ra nhau (sinh) v trit tiu ln nhau (khc) ln lt nh sau:

th sinh kim, kim sinh thy, thy sinh mc, mc sinh ha, ha sinh th;th khc thy, thy khc ha, ha khc kim, kim khc mc, mc khc th.

y l mt quan nim duy vt th s bt ngun t nhng iu quan st thc t chnh xc. Chng hn lng tcha qung kim loi (th sinh kim); c nc th cy ci mi tt (thy sinh mc); t g th ra la (mc sinhha), v.v

Hoc ti nc vo la th la tt (thy khc ha); dng la nung ch th ch s chy (ha khc kim); dng ru

cht g th g s t (kim khc mc), v.vT s quan st qu trnh sinh khc ny, thi c i, ngi Trung Hoa quan nim rng ng hnh l nhngyu t nguyn thy cu to nn vn vt.

NatPhung23-04-2007, 10:20 AM

40. (KTNN 102, Xun Nhm Thn)Ngy tt ngi ta thng ni: ng phc lm mn. Cu ny ngha l g v ng phc l nhng phc no? Hnhnh c hai cch hiu khc nhau? Vy cch no ng hn?

AN CHI: Ng phc lm mn l nm phc n ca, ngha l n nh. Trong tranh v, ngi Trung Hoa thngtng trng ng phc bng hnh nm con di. Ngi Vit Nam th cho rng ng phc l: ph (giu), qu (sang),th (sng lu), khang (mnh khe), ninh (bnh an). Quan nim ny c ghi nhn trong Hn Vit t in ca

o Duy Anh. Hn Vit tn t in ca Nguyn Quc Hng, T in ting Vit do Vn Tn ch bin v T inting Vit 1992. Nhng chnh ngi Trung Hoa th li da vo thin Hng Phm trong Kinh th m quan nimrng ng phc l: th (sng lu), ph (giu), khang ninh (mnh khe bnh an), du ho c (c tt lu di),kho chung mnh (cht v gi, ch khng cht v tai nn hoc cht non).

Trong thin "Hng phm", ng phc i vi lc cc (su iu d, tc khng lnh): hung on chit (cht nnhoc cht non), tt (bnh tt), u (c chuyn phi lo), bn (ngho), c (lm iu c), nch (am m v ghibng chnn phn nhiu ngi ta phin l nhc v ging l yu ui hoc nhu nhc. Tht ra, y phic thnh nch l say m, chm m). i chiu k th thy du ho c i vi c cn kho chung mnh th ivi hung on chit.

i Nam quc m t v ca Hunh-Tnh Paulus Ca, Dictionnaire classique de la langue chinoise ca F.S.Couvreur v Mathews Chinese-English Dictionary ging ng phc ng vi quan nim ca ngi Trung Hoa,ging nh ging trong T nguyn v T hi l hai b t in c uy tn. Cn Vit Nam t in ca L Vn c(ch bin) v L Ngc Tr (hiu nh) th ghi nhn c hai cch hiu nhng li khng ni r cch no l ca ai.

V xut x ca cu ng phc lm mn l Trung Hoa cho nn cch hiu ca ngi Trung Hoa mi l cch hiung n nguyn thy. Cn li hiu ca ngi Vit Nam ch l ta lm theo cch ca ta m thi.

24-04-2007, 09:04 PMDch hai ch Vn Miu ra ting Ty11:10:46 02/12/2005


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http://www.tiasang.com.vn/uploads/temp_image/2005/12/2/Dich%20chu%20van%20mieu%20ra%20tieng%20Tay.jpg

Nu mun trang b mt tri thc ti thiu v Vn Miu- Quc T Gim ci tn gn lin vi nhng chng tchlch s vn ha v gio dc truyn thng ca Vit Nam thi trung i, th c l iu u tin ta cn bit l ngha ca tn gi ny. C g u: Vn l vn chng, vn hc; Miu l ni th cng, n th

VyVn miu ngha l miu th vn chng (hay vn hc)! C lun th ng nhin s dn ta n vic dch hai

ch Vn miu sang ting Ty l The Temple of Literature (Anh) v le Temple de la Littrature (Php), y changcch dch trong tm bin ng lc gii v Vn Miu Quc T Gim H Ni hin chn ngay trc cng khu ditch, cng nh trong nhiu sch v ti liu gii thiu cho du khch nc ngoi v khu di tch lch s vn hanyCch dch trn tht n gin, d hiu, d gii thch. Ch c iu l sai!Sai th no? Trc ht xin im dchmt s t liu sch v ng tin cy ca Trung Quc, dn dng cc mc t lin quan n hai ch Vn miu. gin tin, xin lc i phn phin m Hn Vit.

Hn ng i t in (La Trc Phong ch bin, Hn ng i t in xut bn x, 1997) thu thp 11 ngha ca chMiu, trong ngha u tin cng l ngha m chng ta ang bn ti: Ci nh thi xa dng th cng thnv t tin (tp thng, tr. 1982). Vn miu: Miu th Khng t. Triu ng phong Khng t lm Vn TuynVng, gi miu th ng l Vn Tuyn Vng miu. T i Nguyn Minh v sau gi tt l Vn miu (tptrung, tr. 4034).

Hn - Anh i t in (Chinese English Dictionary) (Ng Quang Hoa ch bin, Thng Hi Giao thng i hcxut bn x, 1999, tp I, tr. 1771) ct ngha ch miu bng ting Trung Quc l Ni khi xa dng th cngthn v t tng, hoc thn pht, danh nhn lch s; v dch ra ting Anh l temple; shrine; joss house. Ngayti mc t ny cng gii ngha: Khng miu: a temple to Confucius (Khng miu: miu th Khng t).

T nguyn (Thng v n th qun, Bc Kinh, 1998, tr. 737) ghi: Vn miu: miu th Khng t. i ng,nin hiu Khai Nguyn, nm th hai mi by [739] phong Khng t lm Vn Tuyn Vng, gi Khng miu lVn Tuyn Vng miu. [...] T i Nguyn Minh v sau thng gi l Vn miu.

T hi (H Chnh Nng ch bin, Thng Hi t th xut bn x, 1989, tr. 1732) ghi: Vn miu: Tn gi khcca Khng miu. Thi ng Huyn Tng, nm Khai Nguyn th hai mi by (Cng Nguyn 739) phong Khngt lm Vn Tuyn Vng, nhn gi Khng miu l Vn Tuyn Vng miu, t i Minh v sau gi Khngmiu l Vn miu i ng vi V miu (miu th Quan V, Nhc Phi) (ht trch). Ta bit rng thi Minh Thanh gi miu th Quan V l V miu (hai ch V vit mt ch Hn khc nhau, V trong Quan V ngha l cilng, V trong V miu ngha l v ngh), n thi Dn Quc phi th Quan V v Nhc Phi chung mt miu,vn gi l V miu.

Nhn y thit tng cng nn gii by thm i iu s c, mt v ch Confucius, mt v ngha ca chvn.

Th nht l ch Ty Confucius, ch ny vn xut pht t m c ba ch Hn Khng phu t (Thy Khng), mting ph thng hin i ngy nay c l /Kongfuzi/ ghi theo li pinyin (cch ch m ch Hn bng mu tLatin, c chnh thc s dng t nm 1958 ti Trung Quc, y khng ghi thanh iu), ta c na n nhkng-phu-ch trong ting Vit (vi m /k/ bt hi). Ngi phng Ty do khng th c h thng ng mtng ng tuyt i biu t ba m tit y, nn h Ty ha n qua cch ghi Con fu - cius (nh trongAnh ng), ngha l Khng t. Ri t , cn c theo cc phng thc to t mi, mt lot t phi sinh xuthin: Confucianism (Nho gio, Khng hc, Khng gio, o Khng, o Nho); Confucian hoc Confucianist (Nhogia, nh Nho, ngi theo o Khng; thuc v o Khng/Nho); Neo-confucianism: tn Khng gio, tn Nhogio. Ting Php cng c nhng t tng ng: Confucius, Confucianisme, Confucianiste, Noconfucianisme.

Th hai l hm ngha ca ch Vn trong Vn Tuyn Vng. Khng t c triu ng phong l Vn TuynVng = Ngi c tc Vng, c cng tuyn truyn ci vn. Vy Vn c phi l Literature v Littrature nh

cch dch tn gi Vn miu ang dng ta? Xin tha: khng! Ch Vn ny c ni hm rt rng, bt ngun tmt trong sch Lun ng, thin T hn: Khng t b ngi t Khung lm cho s hi. Ngi ni: Vn vng mt, ci vn ny chng phi trong ta hay sao? Nu tri nh lm mt ci vn y th k cht sau nykhng c d vo ci vn y. Nu tri cha nh lm mt n th ngi Khung phng c lm g ni ta?. Chvn trong on trn tr ton b l nhc gio ha, in chng ch (Hn ng i t in, dn, tptrung, tr. 3832), tc tt thy nhng hin chng php c s dng cai tr x hi, vy th ni hm cach Vn ny rng hn hn so vi cc t Literature v Littrature trong ting Anh v ting Php vn ch mangnhng ngha hp hn: vn chng, vn hc, vn gii, t liu (tham kho), n phm, nhc tp, hc vn...(Literature v Littrature u bt ngun t litera ting Latin, ngha gc l vn t xem Websters NewDictionary, Promotional Sales Books, USA, 1994, tr. 228). Sau khi Chu cng n mt, Khng t c coi lngi truyn b ci Vn y, nn ng c ng Huyn Tng phong lm Vn Tuyn Vng. iu ny cngminh chng rng gi nh theo li trc dch (word by word, mot mot) m dch Vn miu thnh The Temple of


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Chim phng hoang ng ca Trung Quc v chim tr m trn ca An Nam (Le Phnix Fabuleux de la Chine etle Faisan Ocell dAnnam)

(Rheinardia Ocellata VERREAUX)par M.P. JABOUILLE, M.B.O.U.Correspondant du Musum.Ngi dch: Phm Vn Bn

Trong thc t, chim tr c m trn An-nam, m ngi ta thng gi di tn Argus (g rng), l mt gingring bit: ging Rheinardia m khu vc phn tn tri di theo sn ni pha ng ca dy Trng Sn, t NhaTrang cho n Vinh.

Trong cc nm gn y, mc d chim tr l i tng cc cng tc vin ca chng trnh kho cu Delacourquan st v su tm lin tc nhng hy cn kh k b trn nhiu im do c cng cc kh khn khi ngi ta thtm n ni c tr ca chim tr, cng nh do s khn ngoan tt bc ca n trnh n tm sn bt ca cc thsn gii tin liu nht v kinh nghim nht.

Trong hn 200 mu thu c, cn sng hoc cht, t chng trnh kho cu Delacour, khng c con no bsng hoc tn bn c, tt c u b by bi ngi Kha-leus v ngi Mi ca vng ni m chng ti cp.Ni tng qut, by c t ba cc khong rng trng, cc con trng trong nhy ma dn d con mi,mt li nhy m chng ti ch c th c ng nt rt m h trong khi quan st cc con b bt t hn ba nmqua. Cc con ny ny trng v, ch c mt ln duy nht, n mt chim con ch sng c vi tun l.

1 Cc ch ca ngi dch:Vo thi , ngi Php gi min Trung Vit Nam l An-nam, cn min Bc Vit Nam l x bo h v min NamVit Nam l x thuc a. Lin bang ng Dng thuc Php (Fdration de lIndochine franais), c nm bangdo Php chia ra tr: min Bc Vit Nam (le Tonkin, hay ng Ngoi), min Trung Vit Nam (lAnnam), Laos,Cambodge v min Nam Vit Nam (la Cochinchine, hay ng trong). Faisan Ocell: tr m trn, cn gi l trsao. Theo Nguyn Nh , i t in ting Vit, Nxb Vn Ho Thng tin, 1999, pp. 1704-1705:

Tr : tr qu him, c Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Qung Ninh, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Bc Cn, Thi Nguyn, b lngnhiu mu sc p, u v trc c xanh lc, nhng phn cn li mu nu hung , nu vng vi cc chmen, ui di nh, mt nu , m v chn mu sng, sng vng i ni thp nhiu cy bi nh, n ng cc,ht c di v cn trng.

Tr sao: tr qu him, c H Tnh, Qung Bnh, Tha Thin-Hu, Gia Lai, Lm ng v Vn quc gia Bch M,

b lng nu ti c cc chm trng, nu hung v en, ui di, mt nu, m hng, chn nu pht hng, khngc ca, lm t ngay trn mt t trong rng m, hai trng vng sm pht hng c chm li ti ta.

Chng ti cng m rng ti v ging g ny trong nhiu tc phm hoc bi vit 2 ,cng nh trc khi thngqua ti ca bi vit ny, chng ti ch mun ni ln cc trng hp m chim tr c khm ph v khngnh.3

Gia cc nm 1850 v 1856, J. Verreaux l nh ph t thin nhin hc ca Vin Bo Tng Paris, rt ngc nhintrc phc trnh v cc khc bit ca vi cng lng ui khng r xut x - ca chim tr M Lai (Argus deMalaysie Argusianus Argus) v cc lng c tm thy trong b su tp ca Vn Tho Mc (Jardin desPlantes).4 Tin chc rng cc lng ny thuc v mt ging m cc nh iu hc cha bit n, ng ngh ttn l chim tr c m trn (Argus Ocellatus), c nhiu nh bc hc chp thun ngay, nh Ch. Bonaparte,G.R. Gray, v.v

Mi cho n nm 1871, cc khc bit ny mi c D. G. Elliot 5 m t chi tit; trong tp chuyn kho v ging

g vo nm 1872, trong cung cp mt bn khc mu c ti lp theo ng hnh th t nhin ca mt trongcc lng ui ca chim tr m trn.

Hnh ng ny gip bt kch ng chng ng t mt s nh thin nhin hc qua mt cuc vn ng d tncng cc li ph bnh chua cht: ngi th co buc rng ng ly lng ca con cng m bo l lng ca gingchim cha c bit n, ngi th diu ct rng ng mun p t tn cho mt con chim m ngi ta ch mibit mt t chi tit, v.v...

Chc chn trong nim tin ca mnh, D. G. Elliot5 i n nm 1882 mi thuyt phc cc ngi chng i quabng chng thc t ca cc khm ph ca ng, v cng chnh ng hiu bit v xut x tht s ca chim trm trn.


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Thc vy, vo nm , Vin Bo Tng Paris nhn c hai mu ton vn ca con chim ang tranh ci, v c haiu c cng mt xut x: min Trung An-nam.

2 Recherches ornithologiques, par DELACOUR et JABOUILLE, 1925, p. 12, 2 plsRecherches ornithologiques, id 1927, page 10.L' Oiseau , 1924. N 10, 2 pls.L' Oiseau , 1927. Ns 10 et 11, pl. en couleur du poussin et de l'uf.Ibis, l925, page 221.Ibis, 1928, p. 31.

3 N. Arch, Mus , Pari s,1884, p. 255

4 Nhiu du khch thc s thy trong tay ca ngi An-nam cc cng lng m h khng th bo co thucging chim no c. cng l iu chng ti tm thy trong Toung Pao, 1904, n 5, p.553, chuyn du hnh An-nam vo nm 1819-20 ca Capitaine Rey, khi ng ny n ving Ng Hnh Sn, gn Nng. "Gia cc nttuyt p ca th gii loi chim ca x ng Trong, ti tin rng c mt ging chim m cc nh iu hc chabit n. Ti thy mt cng lng n l... dng nh ging chim ny rt him... n sng vng ni Ph Ynkhng th lo hnh n c v v nhng ch him tr nht. Dn ng Trong gi n l Kim-try hoc chimthn. N ln c con b cu, c m, u en, c trng, cnh mu vng, bng v ui mu xm tro. im phithng ca chim l ci ui c vi cng lng di hn tm b. Cng lng m ti thy, mc d b ct bt, vncn di hn nm b. Dn ng Trong ngh rng l cch ha trang bt ma qu." Mc d chi tit c vi sailm, nhng r rng con chim ni y l con Rheinardte ca An-nam, khng th nghi ng g c.

5Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1871. VIII, p. 119

Mu th nht c nh thin nhin hc Maingonnat mua vi gi 2,000 fr. t Thiu T Rheinardt, ty vin TaCng S Hu. Mu kia do ng Le Myre de Villiers, lc l Thng c ng Trong, nhn c t Chnh ph An-nam v gi n Vin Bo Tng sau mt cht.

c trnh by vo ngy 12-6-1882 ti Hip Hi Th Vt Php, mu th nht ln lt c t tn l ArgusRheinardi, ri Rheinardia Ocelata, Rhenardius Ocellatus, cui cng Rheinardtius Ocellatus: nguyn tc u tin vtn trng chnh t khin ngy nay chim tr m mang tn l "Rheinardia Ocellata" (J. Verreaux).

Chim tr m trn c m t ln u tin mt cch trn vn trong t bo "Khoa Hc i Chng" (Science pourtous) ngy 8-7-1882, v vo thng 9-1882, t "Thin Nhin" (La Nature) to hnh bng g.

Hai mu ca Vin Bo Tng l hai con chim trng v u xut pht t vng ni pha Ty thnh ph Hu. Dr.Philipp, cng l ty vin To Cng S, nhanh chng gi cc tin tc kh chi tit v con chim ny m phn ln l

chnh xc m sau ny, chng ta c th kim chng lu di.Nh ng m chng ta bit rng mu m Thiu T Rheinhardt gi, nhn t linh mc Renauld, gim c nngtrng Ba-Truc (cch 20 cy s v pha Ty Hu), do cc ngi Mi trong vng mang n; chim c lm sngli nhng b thng.

Sau khi chim cht, v linh mc lm da cho n, v l th gi km theo b da ghi: "y l con chim trng. Thtmu sm, rt ngon ging nh tht g li. y thc s l mn n ngon cho ba cm ti.

Sau , cng v linh mc ny tm ra mt trong cc ging chim ng dng (Indochine) hp dn nht, l concu t hay Carpoccoccyx Renauldi, v ging nh con chim tr m trn, dng nh n mun t to mt th vuiranh mnh bng cch chy vut khi nh mt mt ca k t m v su tm, mc d ch ca n ( o PhGia v Hi Vn) c v nh mun giao np n trc s soi mi ca v s du khch i ngang qua.

Cc khm ph ca chng trnh kho cu Pavie, ca Dr Harmand, ca Hu tc Barthlmy dng nh hi phc

cc cuc nghin cu v lch s thin nhin, sau mt khong thi gian di ng yn v rt him hoi c cc nhsu tp quan tm n h ng vt ny; ch cc nm gn y ngun ti nguyn mi ca ng Dng li kos quan tm tr li.

cng l l do chng trnh kho cu Delacour c thnh lp nhanh chng vi s h tr ca Chnh quynng Dung v mt trong cc mc ch chnh ca n l ti kho cu con Chim Tr m Trn m u chungi ta ch bit qua hai b da do Vin Bo Tng Paris thu c vo nm 1882 v sau khng cn nghe nin.

Chng ta c th ni rng kt qu ca t vn ng ln u tin ra ngoi cc tin liu lc quan nht khi bitrng ch trong hai thng, cc ngi Kha-leus kim cho chng ta gn 60 con chim ny; nhng ri ro l skhng hiu bit ca chng ta v bnh bch hu khng cho php chng ta nui dng c con no cn sng


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cho n khi ti Php (Paris), cc con cn li cht tm ngy sau khi n b Marseille.

Thc ra, nhiu Tho cm vin u chu v vi ngi chi chim ti t c nui chim Tr m trn An-nam v numt cp trng trong khi b nui nht Hu th nhiu cp u chu cng trng.

Trong bn chin dch ca chng trnh kho cu Delacour, ngi ta nhn thy ni ca ging chim ny btbuc chng Dng m thi, ngi An-nam cng ni nh vy, bi v chng ta c th xc nhn ch c bitsn ni m Lo ca dy Trng Sn mi c th cho c hi gp chim tr.

Trc ht, khng c g ng ngc nhin khi ti thy mt trong cc nh iu hc ni ting ngi Nht, ng U.Hachisuka va ng trong tp ch Transactions Meiji Japan, s XXIII, 1925, tr. 1-13, mt bi vit cha nhiu tiliu v con chim Phng ni ting ca Trung Quc, mt con chim hoang ng trong cc huyn thoi c in, mtrong thc t chng qua ch l con chim Tr m Trn ca An-nam. Th theo li yu cu ca ti, ng U.Hachisuka vui lng giao cho ti bi nghin cu ca ng, cho php ti ng trong tp san Thnh Hiu C X(Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hu) bi ny khng b lng qun.

Do , ti xin php ng y mt bn dch kh cht ch v kh st vi bi nghin cu c ta :

Nhn din con chim Phng ca Trung quc

Hai con chim hoang ng thng c ni n trong cc tc phm c in ca Trung Quc v Nht Bn, cgi tn Trung quc l Phng Hong v Loan 6 v Nht Bn vi tn H-O v Ran (Luan).

Con th nht trong hai con c gi l "Phoenix."7 trong ting Anh.Do c s tng ng trong m t v ti lp hnh nh ca hai con chim ny, nhiu ngi, nht l Nht Bn,ngh rng chng l mt ging, v phn ln ngh s trnh by chng trao cho chng cc tn quen thuc trongvng ca h nh G rng, Cng, v cc loi tr.

6 Cc ch ca ngi dch: chim trng gi l phng (hay phng feng, thuc b iu ) cn chim mi gi lhong (huang, thuc b k: ci gh) v loan ( luan), mt loi chim phng.

7 Cc ch ca ngi dch: Trch The New Lexicon Webster's Dictionary of the English Language, p. 755: Phng(thn thoi Ai cp) l mt ging chim c b lng rc r, c t thn Mt Tri, ti sinh t tro ca ng ci hatng m n t lm cho n khi mi khong thi gian sinh sng t 500 hay 600 nm mn. (Phoenix (Egypt .mythol.) a bird of gorgeous plumage, sacred to the sun, reborn from the ashes of the funeral pyre which itmade for itself when each life span of 500 or 600 years was over).

Mt tin tng c chp nhn chung l cc con chim ny ch xut hin khi quc gia c yn tr, cc nh iu

hc Vin ng ngh rng khng cn phi khng nh chnh xc, xem nh cc truyn huyn thoi thun ty.Mc d Trung quc v Nht Bn hai ging chim ny c vit ch ging nhau nhng li c khc nhau; tuynhin, cch pht m ting Nht hin i c phn ln gii c thm quyn v ngn ng xem l ng nht viting Trung quc lc s khai.

Tc gi ca nhng dng ch ny c nh trnh by vn theo quan im ca ngi nht, mc d s hiu bitv ging chim ny c ngun gc t Trung quc.

H (Peng bng) l ch xa nht tng ng vi ngha ca ch "chim"; sau t lu ch H (Feng, Phng)c sng to nhng hai ch ny c dng y nh nhau trong cng mt ngha.

Mt thnh ng xa ni rng "khi chim Phng () bay th mt by chim khc bay theo, m ti c ngn con."Theo sch Thuyt Vn (Shuo Wen), ch H (Peng bng) c ngha l "bn ng hnh," v ngi ta hycn dng ngha ny trong c hai nc, mc d ngha nguyn thy bin mt.

Vo thi k trc khi ch H (Feng, Phng) tr nn thng dng, mt ch H th ba xut hin v c dngvi cng mt ngha nh ch H (Feng, Phng). Nu tra t in T Nguyn (Ci Yuan, ngun gc ca vnchng, ch ngha), chng ta thy cc tin tc sau y:

Cm (loi chim) l ng vt c lng v, th l ng vt c lng mao, ra l ng vt c mu, c l ng vt cvy v ngi l ng vt tri li. 8

Nh vy ch trng () c dng trong ngha tng qut l "ng vt," mc d ngy xa ch trng (chong)hay ( chong, su b) c ngha khc vi ngy nay.

Nu chng ta thm ch cnh bn cnh ch trng (su b) th thnh ch Phng (F Feng) ngha l "chim."


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9

Ch ny c dng t thi nh Hn (); trc thi k ny ch Phng ()c dng mt cch tng qut ch ngha chim.

8 Cc ch ca ngi dch: C nhn dng ch trng () gi tt cng vt, th d v trng () l loichim mao, mao trng () l loi th, v.v

9 Cc ch ca ngi dch: Tc gi nhm ln on ny v trong ch Hn ln ch Nht u vit nh nhau:ch ch phng (feng, thuc biu ) cn chim mi gi l hong (huang, thuc b k: ci gh); c haikhng lin quan g n ch cnh chim (vit l schi (hay yi dc).

H (Feng) din t cng mt ngha vi H-O (Feng Huang, Phng Hong), v, cho n th k th nht, O(Huang) c vit n gin l O (Huang), nhng sau ngi ta thm vo ch "cnh," ch r vn lch chim. 10

Mt ch khc l ch Yn c cng ngha vi hai ch Phng Hong; tn Yn xut pht t huyn thoi sau: "Tt cloi chim u ci u trc chim Yn. C 360 v trng v Yn tr thnh ch ca tt c; v mi ging chim tuntheo n.

iu ny gii thch cho chng ta rng i khi chng ta thy cu: "Mt con chim m cc con chim khc ci utrc n.

Trn y gii thch ch H (

Feng) v H (

peng, chim bng, ging chim to nht) c cng mt ngha, nhngsch Trang T (zhuang zi) c trc sch Thuyt Vn 500 nm li c mt cu chuyn rt ph bin Trungquc v Nht Bn v ch H nh sau:

Ngy xa c mt con c khng l di hng ngn hi l, sng bin Bc v ngi ta ku l con Cn (Kun). Conc ny bin thnh "chim," ngi ta ku l chim bng (peng).

Phn ln lch s ca con chim qui vt ny c du vt ca bin v ngun gc ca n l c. Ngha ca ch Bng() dn dn thay i v Trung quc v Nht thc s ch c ngha l mt ng vt siu nhin.

Ch Kun cng b thay i hon ton v ngy nay, trong ting Nht hin i, c ngha l c nh, ging nhting Nht Zako ( za yu tp ng).

Cn tn H-O, cc on trch di y chng t rng vn hin hu ca ging chim ny l c thc v khngphi do tr tng tung:

- Trong sch I Lin: C 10 chim Phng con trong t vi m chng.- Trong sch Pao PO Tzu (th k th t):

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