Clasificacón de Biorreactores (1)

8/9/2019 Clasificacn de Biorreactores (1)

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Clasifcacin

De acuerdoa la ase dereaccin

Homognea

AgitacinMecnica

Agitacineumtic

a

Heterogn

ea

De acuerdo a suti!o de"iocatalizador

Aero"io#acultati$

oAnaero"i

o%nzima

De acuerdo a&!eracin

'ote

'oteAlimenta

doContinuo


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Clasificacin por fases de la biorreacin:

Homogneo :

(na reaccin es )omognea si la concentracin *tem!eratura en todo el sistema es uni orme.

Heterogneo :

'as reacciones )eterogneas ocurren en !resencia degradientes de tem!eratura * concentracin. %lanlisis de estas reacciones re+uieren de la a!licacinde los !rinci!ios de la trans erencia de la masa en

con,unto de la teora de la reaccin.


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Clasificacin agitacin:

Agitacin se puede definir como el movimiento circulatorio inducido aun fluido dentro de un contenedor.

Mecnica : El movimiento de fluido se induce atravs de un dispositivo mecnico, generalmente espor un impulsor.

Neumtica : El movimiento de fluido se inducemediante la inyeccin de gas comprimido en el fondodel contenedor.


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Clasificacin por operacin: Lote :-atc) !rocesses o!erate in closed s*stems su"strateis added at t)e "eginning o t)e !rocess and !roducts

remo$ed onl* at t)e end. Lote Alimentado :/n ed0"atc) o!eration1 intermittent or continuous

eeding o nutrients is used to su!!lement t)e reactorcontents and !ro$ide control o$er t)e su"strateconcentration. Continuo :-ioreactors are o!erated continuousl* in a e2"io!rocess industries suc) as "re2ing1 !roduction o

"a3ers4 *east and 2aste treatment enz*me


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Clasificacin por operacin


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Clasificacin por su tipo de biocatalizador: M. Aerobio :Se denominan aero"ios o aer"icos a los organismos +ue !ueden$i$ir o desarrollarse en !resencia de o6geno diatmico1 mientras+ue si lo necesitan se denominan aero"ios estrictos . M. Facultativo :Algunos microorganismos aer"icos1 +ue !ueden desarrollarseen ausencia de o6geno. M. Anaerobio 7'os organismos anaero"ios o anaer"icos son los +ue no utilizan o6geno 8& 9: en su meta"olismo1 ms e6actamente +ueel ace!tor fnal de electrones es otra sustancia di erente delo6geno. Ezimtico 7


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Dentro de los "iorreactores agitadosmecnicamente la confguracin ms com;n esel ti!o tan+ue agitado1 ,unto con los "iorreactores


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Algunas de las confguraciones ms comunes7

8A: Matraz agitado1 8 B: >an+ue agitado 1 8 C: ?ercolador 1 8 D : Airli t1 8E: >an+ue agitado con tu"o de arrastre1 8 F : Airli t de "razo e6terno1 8 G : >am"or

rotatorio1 8 H : #oto"iorreactor ti!o airli t 1 8 I: #iltro giratorio1 8 J: Columna de"ur"u eo 1 K >an ue aireado de ase aseosa L .


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Clasifcacin7

&!eracin 7 'ote1 'ote Alimentado1 Continuo.

#ase 7 Homogneo1 Heterogneo. Agitacin 7 Mecnica1 eumtica

-iocatalizador 7 microorganismo8anaero"io1acultati$o1 aero"io:1 enzimtico.


11/25

Clasificacin de los biorreactores

@ue a!rendimos )o*


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Stirred Tank Bioreactors

>)e most im!ortant "ioreactor or industriala!!lication is t)e con$entional mi6ing $essel1 2)ic))as t)e dual ad$antages o lo2 ca!ital and lo2o!erating costs. Bessels or la"orator* e6!erimentso $olume u! to 9 litres are made o glass. #orlarger $olumes1 construction is made o stainlesssteel. >)e )eig)t7diameter ratio o t)e $essel can$ar* "et2een 97 and E7 1 de!ending largel* on t)eamount o t)e )eat to "e remo$ed1 and t)e stirrerma* "e to!0 or "ottom dri$en. All tan3s are ftted2it) "aFes1 2)ic) !re$ent a large central $orte6"eing ormed as 2ell as im!ro$e mi6ing.


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#our "aFes are used or $essels less t)an Gmeters in diameter1 and si6 to eig)t "aFes areused in larger $essels. >)e 2idt) o t)e "aFe isusuall* "et2een D/10 and D/12, in 2)ic) D is thetank diameter. >)e diameter o t)e tan31 D tank isless than 3m, four ba es of 68 inches may

re!ent a central $orte6. >*!icall*1 I o t)edesigned $olume is used as 2or3ing $olume1 in a

ermentation $essel a"out I o t)e total CS>R$olume is flled 2it) li+uid1 t)e remaining 9I isused or gas s!ace. / oaming ta3es !lace1 t)ere isno c)ance o immediate contamination. / t)e$essel )eig)t is e+ual to t)e diameter 8 "#D$, onea%itator is su&cient. / t)e $essel )eig)t is t2ice


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(nstallation of multi le sets of im!ellers im!ro$esmi6ing and mass trans er. S!argers s)ould al2a*s"e located near t)e "ottom o t)e $essel 2it) a

distance Di/2 belo' the a%itator, 'here Di is thediameter of t)e im!ellers. ?o2er in!ut !er unit$olume o ermentation $essel or a normal

ermenter s)ould "e greater t)an KLm G1 andt)e im!eller ti! s!eed 8 )Di$ should be %reaterthan .I mLs. 'et us defne a dimensionlessnum"er t)at is no2n as t)e #roude num"er1 *r#) 2Di/%+ the $alue o t)e stated dimensionlessnum"er )as to "e greater t)an .


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#or t)e !roduction o "a3er s *east1 "eer and$inegar1 "u""le column ermenters are used. >)e*are also o ten used or suNcient aeration andtreatment o 2aste2ater. /n designing suc) a"ioreactor1 t)e )eig)t o li+uid to tan3 diameter8" D$ is about 2 1, a common ratio o " D is alsoabout 3 1+ in bakers- yeast roduction the ratio of" D is 6 1. (n bubble columns t)e )*drod*namicsand mass trans er de!end on t)e size o t)e"u""les and )o2 t)e* are released rom t)es!arger.

Bubble Colu ns Bioreactors


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Airli!t Bioreactors

/n an airli t ermenter1 mi6ing is accom!lis)ed2it)out an* mec)anical agitation. Airli t "ioreactorsare used or tissue culture "ecause t)e tissues ares)ear sensiti$e and normal mi6ing is not !ossi"le.

>)ere are man* orms o airli t "ioreactor. /n t)eusual orm1 air is ed into t)e "ottom o a centraldraug)t tu"e t)roug) a s!arger ring1 so reducing t)ea!!arent densit* o t)e li+uid in t)e tu"e relati$e tot)e annular s!ace 2it)in t)e "ioreactor. >)e Oo2!asses u! t)roug) t)e draug)t tu"e to t)e )eads!ace o t)e "ioreactor1 2)ere t)e e6cess air and t)e"*0!roduct1 C&91 disengage. >)e degassed li+uidt)en Oo2s do2n t)e annular s!ace outside t)e dra t

to t)e "ottom o t)e "ioreactor. Cooling can "e


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Airli!t Bioreactors

>)e ad$antages o airli t "ioreactor are7

. /n lo2 s)ear1 t)ere is lo2 mi6ing 2)ic) means t)e"ioreactor can "e used or gro2ing !lant and animalcells.

9. Since t)ere is no agitation1 sterilit* is easil*maintained.G. /n a large $essel1 t)e )eig)t o li+uid can "e as )ig) asE m1 t)e !ressure at t)e "ottom o t)e $essel 2illincrease t)e o6*gen solu"ilit*1 and t)e $alue o k a 'illincrease.P. %6tremel* large $essels can "e constructed. /n onesingle cell !rotein !lant1 t)e reactor )ad a total $olume o9G m G 8a column o m diameter and E m )eig)t 2it) a

reactor 2or3ing $olume o IE mG

:. #urt)er1 in t)isreactor t)e microorganisms 2ere gro2n on met)anol or


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Airli!t Bioreactors

/n a!!lications o airli t "ioreactor t)ere are $arious t*!es oermenter. >)e most common airli t "ioreactors are !ressure

c*cle1 internal and e6ternal loo! "ioreactors.

Airli!t "ressure C#cle Bioreactors >)e gas is circulated "* means o !ressurised air. /n airli t"ioreactors1 circulation is caused "* t)e motion o in,ected gast)roug) a central tu"e1 2it) Ouid recirculation t)roug) t)eannulus "et2een t)e tu"e and t)e to2er or $ice $ersa.

Loo$ BioreactorA modifed t*!e o airli t s*stem 2it) gas and li+uid Oo2!atterns in 2)ic) a !um! trans!orts t)e air and li+uid t)roug)t)e $essel. Here1 an e6ternal loo! is used1 2it) a mec)anical!um! to remo$e t)e li+uid. Qas and circulated li+uid are

in,ected into t)e to2er t)roug) a nozzle.


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Sc)eme o 8 a% "u""le column & 'b% air0li t reactor 2it) dra t tu"e &

'c% air0li t ermenter 2it) "uFe or internal loo! and 8 d : air0li termenter 2it) e6ternal loo!.

Airli!t Bioreactors


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Setu! o a la"0scale air0li t reactor

8courtes* o -ioengineering AQ1S2itzerland:

Airli!t Bioreactors


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Air0li t reactors usuall* !ro$ide "etter mi6ing t)an"u""le columns1 and t)e o!eration range is muc)"roader.

Airli!t (s) Bubble Colu ns

&!erating ranges o gas and li+uid $elocities in "u""le column and

air0li t reactors8 rom C)isti and Moo0 oung T 1 modifed:


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Fixed Bed andFluidized Bed Bioreactors

Fixed bed and fuidized bed "ioreactors )a$egained gro2ing attention in t)e culti$ation o

mammalian cells since t)e* allo2 culti$ation oimmo"ilized cells 2it)in macro!orous carriers at$er* )ig) cell densities.A f6ed "ed "ioreactor 8also re erred to as

3e!t Ooating 8


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Fixed Bed andFluidized Bed Bioreactors


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Clasificacin de los biorreactores

@ue a!rendimos )o*

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Clasificacón de Biorreactores (1)