Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government 1

Copyright Protection in Hong Kong

版權保護在香港

Rachel PangSolicitor

Intellectual Property Department 彭凱恩

律師知識產權署

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government 2

大綱Outline

• 版權的本質 nature of copyright• 版權作品 Copyright Works• 受限制的作為 Restricted Acts• 複製多少才算侵權 ?When will copying constitute infringement?• 法定允許行為 Statutory Permitted Acts• Recent Developments in Copyright in Hong Kong

香港版權方面的近期發展

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government 3

Background 背境

• Copyright protection began on 1.7.1912版權保護始於 1.7.1912

• Localised, comprehensive and modernised copyright law came into operation on 27.6.1997本地化、全面及現代化的《版權條例》於 27.6.1997 生效

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Nature of Copyright版權的本質

• Intangible property無形資產

• Protects form of expressionNot ideas保障表達形式，並非意念

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Qualification for Copyright Protection

擁有版權的資格

• HK protects copyright works from all over the world

香港保護全世界各地的版權作品

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Copyright Works (1)版權作品 ( 一 )

• Original literary works, including computer programs and data

原創文學作品，其中包括電腦軟件及資料數據• Dramatic works

戲劇作品• Artistic works

藝術作品• Musical works

音樂作品• Life of author + 50 years

在生之年 + 50 年

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Copyright Works (2)版權作品 ( 二 )

• Sound recordings

聲音紀錄• Films

影片• Broadcasts

廣播• Cable programmes

有線傳播節目• 50 years after work is made

製作後 50 年

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Copyright Works (3)版權作品 ( 三 )

• Typographical arrangement of published edition

排版• 25 years from 1st publication

首次發表後 25 年

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Registration ? 註冊 ?

• Not required

不需要• Protection is automatic once work is crea

ted

作品在創作後自動得到保護

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Copyright Notice版權啟事

• © Owner, year of first publication

© 擁有人 ， 第一次出版年份• Not compulsory

不是強制性• Intends to protect its copyright

有意保護其版權

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Ownership擁有權

• Author - first owner

作者 - 第一擁有人

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Employee’s Work僱員作品

• Employer as owner

僱主為版權人

Made in the course of employment

在受僱期間製作

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Commissioned Work委託作品

• Ownership depends on contract

合約決定擁有權屬於誰• Exclusive licence to use

專用特許使用權

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Restricted Acts受版權所限制的作為

• Copying 複製

• Issue to the Public向公眾發放

• Public performance公開表演

• Broadcast, Cable programme廣播、有線傳播

• Adaptation改編本

• 透過互聯網向公眾提供making available to the public through the Internet

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What is copying ?

何謂複製 ? • Not limited to “hard copies”

不只限 “複製文本”• Includes storage by electronic means

包括電子方法貯存fax, scan, download to hard disk, print

傳真、掃描、下載至硬磁碟、列印• includes copying by hand

包括手抄

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When will copying constitute infringement ?

複製多少才算侵權 ?

• Whole or substantial part

整項作品或實質部份• Quality & quantity

質與量• No prescribed %

沒有規定的比例

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Secondary infringement (1)間接侵權 ( 一 )

• Knowingly possess infringing copies in business

於業務中、在知情下管有侵權品• Civil and criminal liabilities

民事及刑事責任• Clarified by the Intellectual Property (Miscellaneous Amendmen

ts) Ordinance 2000

2000 年知識產權 ( 雜項修訂 ) 條例作澄清• Regardless of whether business deals in infringing copies

不論業務是否經營侵權品

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Secondary infringement (2)間接侵權 ( 二 )

• Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Bill 2001

2001 年版權（暫停實施修訂）條例草案• Criminal provisions revert to pre-amended position

刑事條文返回修訂前的情形• Except : Movie, TV drama, music recording, computer program

除：電影、電視劇、音樂錄音錄象製品、電腦程式• Amended civil provisions remain unchanged

修訂後的民事條款不變

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government

Statutory Permitted Acts(1)法定允許行為 ( 一 )

(a) Primary consideration

基本因素 Does not conflict with normal exploitation of wo

rk nor prejudice legitimate interest of copyright owner

沒有抵觸版權人正常利用作品及亦不損害其合法權益

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government

Statutory Permitted Acts (2)法定允許行為 ( 二 )

(b) Specific Purposes

特定目的 Research and private study

研究及私人研習 Criticism & review

批評、評論 Education

教育 Libraries

圖書館

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government

Research & private Study研究及私人研習

• Fair dealing by researcher or students

研究者或學生公平處理• Whether any dealing is fair depends on

是否公平就須考慮– purpose of dealing

處理的目的– nature of work

作品的性質– quantity and quality dealt with

處理的量與質

Intellectual Property Department, Hong Kong SAR Government

Criticism & Review批評、評論

• Fair dealing

公平處理• Acknowledgement

確認聲明

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Specific exemptions in relation to computer program

有關電腦程式特定豁免情況

Lawful users can

合法使用者可• make back-up copy of computer program (if he has a contractual ri

ght to use the program)

製造後備複製品 (但依合約規限作準 )

• make copy or adapt computer program if the copying or adapting is necessary for his lawful use

為合法使用所需而複製或改編該程式• copy the program and adapt it for the purpose of correcting errors i

n it

為更正程式內錯誤所需而複製或改編該程式

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Recent Developments in Copyright in Hong Kong

香港版權方面的近期發展

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Intellectual Property (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2000

《 2000 年知識產權（雜項修訂）條例》

• Amend the Copyright Ordinance

修改《版權條例》

Introduction of criminal liabilities for the use of pirated copies of copyright works in business

引入在業務上使用版權作品的盜版複製品的刑事責任條文

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1997

Ambiguity in 1997 Ordinance 1997 年法例的模糊

• “For the purpose of trade or business”

「為貿易或業務的目的」

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2000

Clarification in 2000 Ordinance 2000 年法例所清晰的

• “For the purpose of, in the course of, or in connection with, any trade or business”「為任何貿易或業務為目的，在任何貿易或業務的過程中，又或在與任何貿易或業務有關連的情況下」

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Guiding principle指導原則

• Non-discrimination

一視同仁

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Intellectual Property (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2000

《 2000 年知識產權（雜項修訂）條例》

• Passed by the Legislative Council

立法會通過

27 June 20002000 年 6月 27日

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Intellectual Property (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2000 (cont’d)

《 2000 年知識產權（雜項修訂）條例》 ( 續 )

• Commencement

生效日期• Wide Publicity

廣泛宣傳

1 April 20012001 年 4月 1

日

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Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Ordinance

《版權（暫停實施修訂）條例》

• Background

背景The public were concerned that the amendments to the Copyright Ordinance hampered the dissemination of information in enterprises and teaching in schools

社會人士關注到對《版權條例》的修訂妨礙了企業內的資訊傳播，並會影響教學活動

• Time for working out the licensing schemes for copying newspapers and other publications

為複製報章及其他刋物而制定特許計劃需時

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Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Ordinance (cont’d)

《版權（暫停實施修訂）條例》 ( 續 )

• Effective Date

生效日期

• End Date

終結日期

1 April 20012001 年 4月 1日

31 July 20032003 年 7月 31日

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Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Ordinance (cont’d)

《版權（暫停實施修訂）條例》 ( 續 )

Result 結果• Delayed public outcry

延遲的公眾不滿• Copyright as an issue in media agenda

版權成為傳媒的議題

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Copyright (Suspension of Amendments) Ordinance (cont’d)

《版權（暫停實施修訂）條例》 ( 續 )

The criminal liabilities for the use of pirated copies apply only to four categories of copyright works, namely, computer programs, movies, television dramas and musical recordings

在業務上使用盜版複製品的刑責條文，只適用於四類版權作品，即是 — 電腦程式、電影、電視劇、電視電影、以及音樂紀錄

• Effects

影響

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Suspension Strategy暫定實施策略

• Super protection standard (for the 4 categories of copyright works)

超級保護標準（ 4 類版權作品）• Basic protection standard (for other

copyright works)

基本保護標準（其他版權作品）

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Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2001《 2001 年版權（修訂）條例草案》

• Liberalization of parallel importation of products which contain a computer program

放寬平行進口載有電腦程式的物品

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Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2001 (cont’d)《 2001 年版權（修訂）條例草案》 ( 續 )

• Exclude computer software product the principal attraction of which is musical sound or visual recordings, movies, television dramas, e-books, or a combination of them

不包括電腦軟件產品，如其主要賣點為音樂聲音或視像紀錄、電影、電視劇或電視電影、電子書或上述各項的組合

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Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2003 《 2003 年版權（修訂）條例》

The 2001 Bill was passed by the LegCo to become Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2003, and commenced on 28 November 2003

2001 年條例草案已於立法會通過成為 2003年版權 ( 修訂 ) 條例，並已在二零零三年十一月二十八日起開始生效

28 November 20032003 年 11月 28日

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Purpose of the Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2003

2003 年版權（修訂）條例草案的目的

Make permanent the existing arrangements concerning the criminal liabilities for using pirated copies of copyright works in business

將現時在業務上使用盜版複製品的刑責的安排，落實為長期措施

• Contents of the Draft Bill

草案的內容

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Introduce new offence to combat illicit reproduction of books by copyshops for commercial purposes (copyshop offence)

針對影印店舖非法影印書本作商業用途的刑事制裁（影印店罪行）

Purpose of the Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2003 （ cont’d)

2003 年版權（修訂）條例草案的目的 ( 續 )

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The Bill was subsequently revised to a watered-down version to contain only the copyshop offence

條例草案最後經修訂後，只保留影印店罪行

Purpose of the Copyright (Amendment) Bill 2003

2003 年版權（修訂）條例草案的目的

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Copyshop Offence 影印店罪行

A person would be criminally liable if, for the purpose of or in the course of a copying service business, he possesses an infringing reprographic copy of a copyright work as published in a book, magazine or periodical.

任何人如為複製服務業務的目的或在該項業務的過程中，管有在書本、雜誌或期刊發表的版權作品的侵犯版權翻印複製品，該人即須負刑事法律責任。

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Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2004 《 2004 年版權（修訂）條例》

The 2003 Bill was passed by the LegCo to become Copyright (Amendment) Ordinance 2004, and commenced on 1 September 2004 .

2003 年條例草案已於立法會通過成為 2004 年版權 ( 修訂 ) 條例，在二零零四年九月一日起生效。

1 September 20042004 年 9月 1日

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Further follow-up on various copyright issues 各項版權問題的跟進工作

• Review and consultation on fair use

合理使用原則的探討與諮詢• Review of the scope of criminal liabilities for the

use of pirated copies of copyright work in business

檢討在業務上使用版權作品的盜版複製品的刑事責任範圍

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Status of the law as it is 維持現行法例

• Copyright (Suspension Amendments) Ordinance continues to apply until 31.7.2006

《版權（暫停實施修訂）條例》繼續適用至 二零零六年七月三十一日

31 July 20062006 年 7月 31

日

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Further information進一步資料

• Website of Intellectual Property Department

知識產權署網頁 :

www.ipd.gov.hk

• Hotline 熱線電話 : 2961 6901

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Thank you

謝謝