V trnh n guitar v cn bn l thuyt m nhc ca mi ngi u khc nhau, vit mt bi ch dn tng th thch hp cho tt c

mi ngi l iu khng d. Do ti s trnh by 1 ci sn (framework) ri t ty trnh ca mi ngi m cc bn s t tm hiu thm, c th bng cch t

cu hi trn website http://hocnhac.net cng trao i kinh nghim.

PHN MT : K THUT TAY TRI 1

Cch tm cc hp m dng trong mt bi nhc

Trc ht nhn vo 1 bn nhc th c hai trng hp: hoc bi y c ghi sn cc hp m (chords) cho guitar, hoc khng ghi hp m no c. Nu c ghi sn hp m th tt, v vn cho bn tay tri c gii quyt xong v bn ch cn cn tm cch lm sao chy cc ngn tay phi. Tuy nhin thng thng th cc bn nhc Vit khng ghi km cc hp m, v rt nhiu trng hp tuy c ghi hp m nhng nghe khng xui tai cho lm! Do trc ghi s dng n cy n, vic u tin m cc bn cn nm vng l nn bit cch tm cc hp m dng trong bi . 3 vn chnh thuc bn tay tri l:

1: Tm ch m ca bi nhc 2: Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc 3: t cc hp m vo bi nhc: 1 : Tm ch m ca bi nhc Hy nhn vo b kha u bi nhc, ta s thy c 3 trng hp xy ra a) B kha khng c du thng gim : Ch m ca bi c th l Do trng (C) hay La th (Am) b) B kha c du thng : T du thng cui cng, cng thm na cung th s c tn ch m trng, ri t m xung 2 nt s c tn m giai tng ng l ch m th c) B kha c du gim : Nu c 1 du gim (Bb) th ch m ca bi c th l Fa trng (F) hay Re th (Dm) . Nu c hn 1 du gim, th du gim ngay trc du gim cui s l tn ca ch m trng v sau m xung 2 nt s c tn ca ch m cung th Ti sao li cha r l ch m cung trng hay th ngay nh th ? Hy tng tng vic tm ch m 1 bi nhc mi cng nh bn ang ng trc mt cn nh l. Bn g ca nhng khng bit ngi ch gia nh ra m ca l ngi cha (trng) hay m (th) Bi tp: a) B kha c 3 du thng : 3 du thng ny theo th t l Fa, Do, Sol. Du thng cui cng l Sol (G) , vy th bi ny c th ch m (Sol # cng cung l La ) La trng (A). ng cha tn l La (A) th b m (m giai tng ng) l g? T La, m xung Sol, ri xung Fa ( F ) . Phi chng b m tn l Fa th ? Khng hn vy, v nhn ni b kha th s thy c du F# nga l tt c cc nt Fa trong bi

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s mang du thng. Do bi ny cng c th thuc ch m Fa thng th ( F#m ) b) B kha c 2 du gim: 2 du gim ny l Si (B), Mi (E). Du gim trc cui cng l Si (B), nn ch m bi ny c th l Si gim trng (Bb major) hay Sol th (Gm) n y th bn tm ra c bi nhc ny c th thuc mt trong 2 ch m. (iu ny tng t nh bit c ngi cha (trng) v ngi m (th) trong gia nh nhng cha bit ai l ngi ... cm quyn trong nh ? ) Bc k tip l tm xem ch m no l chnh? Mun vy bn ch cn nhn vo nt cui cng trong bi nhc, nu n l nt no trong 2 nt ny th l 6n ch m ca bi Th d: a) B kha c 2 du thng (Fa# v Do#) v tn cng bng ni Si (B) : Bi ny thuc cung Si th (Bm) v m giai tng ng l Re trng (D). Ni mt cch khc, trong gia nh ny th ngi v (Bm) cm quyn (!) v ngi chng (D) ch ng vai tr th yu. Bi nhc cung th thng c m hng bun b) B kha c 3 du gim (Si b, Mi b, La b) v tn cng bng nt Mi b ( Eb) : Bi ny cung Eb major v m giai tng ng l Do th ( Cm ). Trong gia nh ny th ngi chng (Eb) cm quyn, v ngi v (Cm) gi vai tr th yu. Bi nhc cung trng c m hng vui ti, mnh m 2: Tm cc hp m trong bi nhc Thng thng th cc bi nhc Vit ch dng 6 hp m chnh. Th tng tng gia nh ny c 4 con, 2 trai v 2 gi. Ta tm c 2 hp m ch nh ri th ch cn tm thm 4 hp m cn li ( tn ca 4 a con) bng cch p dng lut 1 4 5 nh sau: Th d nh bi nhc thuc cung Do trng (C) ngha l m giai tng ng l La th (Am). Nu ngi cha l Do th c th tm tn 2 a con trai bng cch dng 5 ngn ca bn tay tri m m nh sau: Ngn ci : 1 Do - ngn tr 2 Re b - ngn gia 3 Mi b - ngn p t 4 Fa OK ngn t 5 Sol OK Nh vy th bn pha cha v 2 con trai, ta s c 3 hp m : Do (C ), Fa (F) v Sol (G) Qua pha ngi m (m giai tng ng), tng t nh trn ta s c tn ca ngi m v 2 con gi l La th (Am), Re th (Dm) v Mi trng (E). Ai thc mc mun hi ti sao 2 c con gi li l Re th (m khng la Re trng) v Mi trng (m khng l Mi th) th phi bit v cc nt trong 1 m giai (scale) v tn cc qung (interval) . Trong m giai Am th cc nt l A-B-C-D-E-F-G#-A, Tn ca c con gi th nht bt u nt th 4 (m La Si Do Re ) Hp m Re co 3 nt chng ln nhau l Re Fa La ( D F A) v nt Fa kho^ng c du thng . Qung D-F l qung 3 th , nn c con gi th nht tn l Re th ( Dm ) . Trong

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khi tn ca c con gi th hai bt u bc 5 (m La Si Do Re Mi) . Chng 3 nt ln nhau Mi (E) s c E G# - B ( G# trong m giai La th) v v qung E G# l qung 3 trng, nn c con gi th hai s mang tn Mi trng (E ) Cha c th gi tm hiu su xa th nu mun tm 6 hp m chnh cho bi nhc ch cn nh lut 1 4 5 , i khi ( nn nh l i khi thi) l: a) Ba hp m theo ch m trng ( cha & 2 trai) : 1 4 5 (tt c u trng) b) Ba hp m theo ch m th (m & 2 gi) : 1 th - 4 th - 5 trng Th d: Tm 6 hp m dng trong 1 bi nhc c 1 du thng: a) Bi ny c th thuc Sol trng (G) hay Mi th (Em) b) Dng lut 1-4-5 theo nhnh G s c 3 hp m G, C, D c) Dng lut 1-4-5 theo nhnh Em s c Em, Am, B 6 hp m ny l G C D Em Am B y l 6 hp m cn bn ca mi bi nhc m ngi mi chi n cn nm vng. T nhng hp m gc ny m ngi ta bin bo, thm mm mui vo thnh hng trm, hng nghn hp m m cc bn c th thy trong cc tp sch nhc Mt trong nhng bin th l loi hp m 7, c thnh lp bng cch t thm 1 nt th t trn 3 nt ca hp m cn bn (tc l s c 4 nt bc1-3-5-7) . Trong khun kh bi hc tm hp m theo li m n lin ny, bn ch cn nh 1 im nh sau y: nghe m tai hn, tn ca ngi con trai th hai v ngi con gi th hai ( D v B trong th d trn) c th i thnh hp m 7. Nh th l tm thi hon tt vic tm tn 6 ngi trong gia nh, v theo th d trn th 6 hp m ny s l: G C D7 Em Am B7 3 : t cc hp m vo bi nhc: Bit c 6 hp m chnh dng trong bi ri, cu hi k tip l lm sao bit khi no th i hp m? C my lut cn bn sau y : 1) Thng thng vi cc bi nhc Vit th mi nhp dng 1 hp m., i phch 1, u nhp. Vi nhng bi nhp 4 th i khi c th dng 2 hp m trong 1 nhp , i phch 1 v 3. 2) Bi nhc bt u bng ch m v kt nhp cui bng ch m 3) Ty theo ch m no ( trng hay th) m nhng hp m ca phe cha hay m nm a s. Mt bi bt u cung La th (Am) th hu nh 2 c con gi ( Dm v E7) s theo sau. M v con gi ht i cc hp m Am-Dm-E7 ri th ng cha v 2 con trai ( C- F-G7) lc y mi ... c th ln ting ... thay i khng kh! Tuy nhin v ch m l La th nn sau th phi tr v cm Am-Dm-E7 chm dt Am

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Nu nm vng l thuyt cn bn m nhc th ch cn nhn vo cc nt trong mi nhp l cng bit ngay nhp y thuc hp m g? Trong trng hp hc m n cp tc ny th ch cn cch l phi m nh sau : 1) Tm mt bn ghi cc hp m cn bn cho guitar. Bn khng cn nhng quyn sch dy cm m ch cn mt trang cn bn, in vi chc hp m l 2) Dng cy guitar nh tri 6 hp m trn cho tht nhuyn v quen tai 3) Bt u vi ch m nhp u tin, ht nhp k tip v so vi 6 hp m trn nghe xem hp m no thun tai nht 4) Nn nh theo ng 3 li khuyn ghi u bi 3 ny v trnh ng chuyn i hp m lung tung. Ni vn tt th bn ch cn theo my lut cn bn trong 3 bi trn y l c th tm c cc hp m cn bn v tr c khong ... 90% nhng bi nhc Vit.

2

Tm cc hp m m bi MA HNG Bi ny thuc cung Do trng ( ch m l C). Theo nguyn tc gia nh 4 con v p dng ... lut gia nh 1 4 5 nh ni nhng bi trc, bn s tm ra c 6 hp m m cho nhng bi thuc cung Do trng ( hay La th ) nh bi ny. Trong ti bu bi ca bn s c 6 hp m : Do trng (1) Fa trng (4) Sol 7 (5) La th (1) Re th (4) Mi th (5) Vi 6 hp m ny (C , F , G7 , Am, Dm v Em) bn c th ch dng tai mnh nghe theo bi nhc m lp cc hp m ny vo bi. Xin nhc li mt vi quy lut nh sau: 1. i hp m phch u tin, ngha l nt u tin ngay sau vch nhp. y l nhng ch vit HOA trong bi 2. Hp m u tin trong bi l ch m , y l Do ( C ) 3. Bi nhc tn cng bng cch v li ch m (C) 4. Trc khi v li ch m, thng dng nht l hp m bc 5 ( G7) i khi gin d ch c vy thi. Bn th ht bi MA HNG v c n nhng ch HOA l i hp m. Khng cn cch n tay mt vi, ch cn nh tri (arpeggio) tht nh nhng l .

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Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am) My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7) Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F) Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C) Mang gi LN (G7) - (G7) Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am) i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7) Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7) Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7) Hn mun TRNG (C) (C) Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am) Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7) Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F) i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am) Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am) Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7) Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7) Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7) M hng H (C) - (C) Sau khi nm vng phn m cn bn ny, chng ta s c th bn thm v nhng ch c th thay i hp m cho bi m nghe ...tnh hn, cng nh cch vit cu do n v cu kt.

Vi iu cn ghi nh

Ba bi hc ngn trn y trnh by nhng quy lut b ti gip cc bn c th t giai on m tm ra cc hp m dng trong 1 bi nhc Vit nhanh chng. Nu mun hiu r thm l do ti sao li c nhng lut ny th cn bit vi iu l thuyt cn bn: 1. Qung: Hy ly cc nt cn bn trong m nhc ra m sp theo th t : Do Re Mi Fa Sol La Si - Do ( kt bng Do cho trn 8 nt). T Do n Re l qung 2, Do n Mi l qung 3 Do Fa (4) , Do Sol (5). Ni chung th qung

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l khong cch gia 2 nt. C nhiu loi qung : trng , th, tng, gim, ty thuc vo khong cch gia 2 nt ny. Mun bit khong cch th phi bit n v gi l na cung 2. Cung v na cung: Nhn trn phm n guitar, bn l t nt Mi ln Fa v Si ln Do, ch cch nhau c 1 phm, cn gia cc nt khc th cch 2 phm. Mt phm nh vy xem nh l khong cch na cung v 2 phm l 1 cung 3. m giai Do trng: Hy dng cy guitar n 8 nt Do - Re Mi Fa Sol La Si Do v n khong cch gia cc nt. Ta s thy cc khong cch nh sau: c,c,nc, c , c,c,nc hay cho d nh th c l : 1, 1, , 1, 1, 1, . Tm nt ny c th xem l gm 2 nhm 4 nt ( Do Re Mi Fa v Sol La Si Do cch nhau bi 1 cung ( gia Sol v La). Mi nhm 4 nt c cu trc 1 1 cung 4. Cn bn m giai trng: Chui 8 nt xp theo th t tn nt lin tip nh trn gi l 1 m giai, v chui 8 nt bt u t nt Do ni trn nghe rt thun tai. Ngi ta dng chui 8 nt vi khong cch gia cc qung nh th ( 1 1 - 1 - 1 1 ) lm mu ca mt m giai trng 5. To 1 m giai trng t cc nt khc: Th to 1 m giai trng bt u t nt Re. Hy dng cy guitar th s thy ngay lp tc a. Re Mi : 1 cung > OK b. Mi - Fa : na cung > khng c, phi tng ln Fa# c 1 cung c. Fa# - Sol : na cung > OK d. Sol La : 1 cung > OK e. La Si : 1 cung > OK f. Si - Do : na cung > khng c, phi tng ln Do# c 1 cung g. Do# - Re : na cung > OK m giai Re trng nh th s mang 2 du thng ( Fa v Do) . Khi n 1 bi cung Re trng th lun nh tt c cc nt Fa v Do phi c du thng. C theo cch trn th bn s tm c b kha (c my du thng gim) ca tt c cc m giai trng khc ( hy ghi nh : 1 1 1 1 1 ) 6. Lm sao to hp m ? Th dng m giai Re trng. Trn mi nt ta hy vit chng ln thm 2 nt : Do Mi Sol, Re Fa# La, Sol Si Re, Fa La Do#Tp hp 3 nt ny to thnh 1 hp m ( nn nh 2 nt cch nhau th ta va nh ngha l qung). Tnh t gc i ln th hp m gm c 1 qung 3 (Re Fa#) v 1 qung 5 (Re La) 7. Lut 1 4 5: Khi chuyn t hp m ny sang hp m khc cng c nhng quy lut ring sao nghe cho hp tai. Chuyn ng cn bn nht l t hp m 1 (ch m) i qua hp m bc 4 ri bc 5. Ba hp m ny i vi nhau rt hp v c rt nhiu bi nhc t u ddn cui ch cn dng quanh qun 3 hp m ny m thi. Sau ny khi kh hn th ta s bn thm v nhng chuyn ng khc

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8. Qung 3 trng 3 th l g ? Ba nt Re Fa# La to thnh hp m Re trng. Hy d qung 3 Re Fa# gm co 2 cung v c gi l qung 3 trng. Gi y nu h nt Fa# xung Fa (tc l ch cn 1 cung ri) th qung Re Fa c gi l qung 3 th. Trn cy guitar , n 3 nt Re Fa La , th nghe ra c v bun (so vi hp m Re trng Re Fa# La ) Ch cn thay i ci qung 3 t trng ra th ( bt i na cung) m ci hp m chuyn ngay t vui ra bun. 9. Hai cu thn ch: Trn y ch l nhng l thuyt ht sc cn bn m ti thu gn li. Mi hc th s thy rt kh hiu , nhng thc s th khng n ni no ! y ch mi l nhng kin thc m u m thi. Nu mun c thm vi lut b ti tm hp m xem c nhng nt g th ti ngh cc bn nn hc thuc lng 2 cu thn ch sau y : Fa Do Sol Re La Mi Si v c ngc li l: Si Mi La Re Sol Do Fa. 10. Nhng bc k tip: C dn dn ri mnh s bn n cc loi hp m khc, khng nn vi v. Hin ti ti ch mi bt u vi 2 loi hp m trng v th v k tip s n aug (augmented), dim (dimnished) ri s n 6th, sus v.v.. iu quan trng l cc bn cn phi cm nhn c ci cm gic m mi loi hp m to ra . Hin ti chng ta ch mi bt u v thy rng h hp m trng th nghe vui m hp m th th nghe bun. Tuy nhin nh vy th qu s si ! Nhng rung ng ca con ngi th khng ch c "vui" hoc "bun" m cn bit bao nhiu trng thi khc gia hai thi cc ny. Bit c nhng loi hp m ny cu to ra sao, gm nhng nt g l chuyn d. Tuy nhin cn phi r l nhng loi hp m ny mun din t, hay mang li cho ta ci cm gic g, mi l ci kh. Nm c ci ca mi hp m , xong th li phi bn n cc chuyn ng ho m, ngha l t hp m ny i tip n hp m khc sao cho m tai. Nghe th phc tp lm nhng thc s chng ta s i qua dn dn tng bc khng kh Ni chung th t u bi n nay, chng ta vn cn quanh qun bn tay tri. Bn no ... thm mt th khng cn c lm chi m ch cn xem tn hp m ghi trn dng nhc l cng xong ! Vi nhng bn chu kh c n y th ti ngh rng bn c kin thc t mnh tm cc hp m cho 1 bi nhc Vit gin d. Ti ngh cc bn th p

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dng tm cc hp m cho bi MA HNG ca Trnh Cng Sn, vit ch m Do trng . Ti s trnh by cc bc phi theo trong nay mai , tuy nhin ngh cc bn nn th lm bi tp ny trc i.

Hp m 7 v sus 4

Ti xin vit tip v 2 loi hp m cho bn tay tri cc bn c thm vi bu bi na, trc khi chuyn qua mc k thut cho bn tay mt. A. Hp m 7 : Trong nhng bi trc cc bn bit dng lut 1-4-5 tm 6 hp m cn bn m cc bi nhc Vit ph thng. Vi mt bi nhc cung (ch m) Do trng (C) th 6 hp m ny l C, F, G , Am, Dm, E . y l nhng hp m c to bi 3 nt bc 1,3,5 ( hp m C gm c Do, Mi, Sol, hp m F c Fa, La, Do v.v) .Nay nu thm 1 nt bc 7 th ta s c 1 hp m to bi 4 nt, th d G7 gm Sol, Si, Re, Fa . Tnh cht ca hp m 7 ny ra sao v khi no th ta nn mang ra dng trong bi nhc? Nghe mt hp m 7, ta s c cm gic khng thun tai, dng nh c mt ci g khng n, cn phi gii quyt bng cch ngay sau tr v ch m th mi m tai. m cc bn nhc Vit th cc bn ch cn dng hp m 7 to bc 5 ca m giai. Th d trong b 6 hp m dng m cc bi nhc cung Do trng (hay La th), th ch c 2 hp m c th chuyn qua hp m 7 l Sol7 ( hp m to bc 5 ca m giai Do trng) v E7 (hp m to bc 5 ca m giai La th). Nh th th trong ti bu bi m nhc ca bn trc y c 6 hp m, nay s c 8 hp m. Vi mt bi nhc cung Do trng (hay La th) nay s c C, F, G, G7 v Am, Dm, E, E7. Ni chung vi hp m 7, tm thi bn ch cn nh 3 im sau y: 1. Ch dng hp m 7 cho nhng hp m bc 5 2. Sau khi dng hp m 7 ( bc 5) th chuyn v ch m. Th d trong 1 bi nhc cung C, sau khi dng G7 th chuyn v C ( hoc sau E7 th v Am) v thng dng cp hp m ny ( G7 C hoc E7 Am) cui on nhc hay cui bi 3. Khi to hp m 7, nn nh l nt bc 7 ny phi cch ch m 1 cung . Th d: C7 gm Do-Mi-Sol-Sib >>> ch khng phi Si v Si cch Do ch c na cung . Ghi ch: Sau ny khi i vo th nhc blues th cc bn s thy rng tt c cc hp m cn bn u c chuyn thnh hp m 7 (ch khng ch hn ch nhng hp

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m bc 5 nh ni trn). Hp m 7 l loi hp m rt thng dng trong nhng th nhc tr hin i v c rt nhiu loi nh Major 7th, Minor 7th, Minor/major 7th, Major 7th flat 5th, Major 7th sharp 5th, 7th flat 5th,7th sharp 5th, Minor 7th flat 5th, Diminished 7th v.v... m chng ta tm thi cha cn bn n B. Hp m sus4: Hm trc c bn hi v sus4 nn nhn tin ti s mang ra bn y lun. Ch sus l ch vit tt ca suspension ngha l treo l lng. Ly mt hp m 3 nt gm cc nt bc 1-3-5 , ri thay v dng nt bc 3 m chuyn thnh nt bc 4 th c hp m sus4. Th d C (Do-Mi-Sol) th Csus4 l Do-Fa-Sol. Thng thng sau khi n 1 hp m sus4 th ngay sau bn cn v li vi hp m gc. Chng hn nh cui 1 bi nhc cung Do trng, bn c th n Csus4 ri mi kt thc bng ch m C. Ngoi ra khi m nhc Vit, bn cng c th dng sus4 bc 5, thay th cho hp m bc 5 cui mt phn ca on nhc. y sus4 s to mt cm gic l lng, ch i trong tr ngi nghe, trc khi bn quay v vi ch m phn sau ca cu nhc. Mun r iu ny, bn c th tm nghe bi Hn H ca Phm Duy m ti chuyn son cho guitar (trong website ). Bi ny ti son cung Am, v dng Esus4 cui phn n chm, trc khi chuyn sang Am phn sau l mt bin khc (variation) n nhanh hn ... sus4 cng nh mt s nhng hp m ... hoa l khc c dng trang im thm cho phn ha m ca mt bi nhc phong ph hn. Trc mt, khi mi tp m nhc Vit th nu khng dng nhng hp m ny cng chng sao c. Sau ny khi m kh hn ri th chng ta s bn thm v nhng hp m ny.

PHN HAI :

K THUT TAY MT

6 Nguyn tc cn bn

Trc khi i vo chi tit v cc th loi m tay mt, ti xin trnh by mt vi iu cn bn nhm mc ch gip cc bn c 1 ci khung (framework) sau ny c th m tay mt cho mi bi ht: 1. Tm xem bi nhc thuc nhp g ?: Nhn vo 1 bi nhc, bn s thy cc dng nhc c chia thnh tng nhp ,

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cch nhau bi 2 vch nhp . Trong mi nhp s c mt s nt nht nh, c xc nh sau b kha ni u bi nhc bi nhng con s nh 2/4 , 3/4 , 6/8 v.v Cc con s trn (t s) nh 2, 3, 6 v.v.. cho bit trong mi nhp c bao nhiu phch, tc l s a tay nh nhp (hoc ly chn p nhp) bao nhiu ln trong mi nhp. Cc con s di (mu s) nh 4,8,16 v.vcho bit mi ln p nhp nh vy (mi phch) th c gi tr l bao nhiu lu. Ly nt trn lm n v v mang ra chia 2, 4, 8 s thy 1 trn = 2 trng = 4 en = 8 mc n . S 4 c ngha l nt en, v 8 l nt mc n v.v... Nh vy, nhp 2/4 c ngha l mi nhp c 2 nt en , 9/8 c ngha l mi nhp c 9 nt mc n v 12/8 s c 12 mc n trong 1 nhp. Tuy nhin trong thc t th khng ai p nhp ht 6, 9, hay 12 ln trong mi nhp v nh vy s mi tay v r chn lm! Do ngi ta ch ly tay nh nhp 2, 3 hay 4 ln trong mi nhp m thi. Nhng bi nhc c s 2,3,4 ( nh 2/4 , 3/8 , 4/4 ) u thuc loi ny v c gi chung l nhp n Vi nhng bi m s nhp c t s ln hn 2,3 hay 4 ( nh 6/8, 9/8 , 12/8) th y l nhng nhp kp, v mun tm nhp n tng ng th dng lut trn chia 3, di chia 2 . Th d, vi nhp 6 / 8 th 6 chia 3 bng 2 >>> 2 phch , v 8 chia 2 bng 4 >>> nt en. Bi ny c 2 phch, mi phch c gi tr 1 nt en chm ( 1 en + 1 mc n hay bng 3 nt mc n) . Ch n t s th bi nhc 6/8 thuc nhp 2, v tng t 9/8 thuc nhp 3 , 12/8 thuc nhp 4 phch Tm tt : Bc u tin l cn tm xem bi nhc (hay on nhc) thuc nhp 2, 3, hay 4. 2. nh s ln khy trong 1 nhp Khi dng tay mt n, ta c th khy n bng 1 ngn (ci, tr, gia hoc p t : p i m - a) hoc nh tri mt nhm nt. Hy tm thi gi mi ln n nh vy l 1 khy (stroke) . Vi mt bi thuc nhp 2 th ta c th n 2 khy trong mi nhp. Th d nh trong khi tay tri bm mt hp m (C) th tay mt c th n vi cch nh sau: a) tri - tri ( dng ngn ci nh tri 2 ln) b) ci - tri ( dng ngn ci nh nt bc 1 ca hp m - ri sau nh tri c) p ima ( sau khi n phch 1 bng ngn ci , n tip dy 1,2,3 bng 3 ngn tr, gia, p t) Nu n mt cch t u n cui m khng thay i nh vy th nghe cng chn, do bn c th tng s khy trong 1 nhp ln gp i ( nhn hai) khy 4 ln trong mi nhp v m tay mt nh sau:

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a) p i m a b) p i - ma - i c) p ima ima - ima Tng t, bn c th tng s khy trong mi nhp ln gp ba ( nhn 3) khy 6 ln trong mi nhp v m nh sau: a) p i m a m i Tm tt: vi mt bi nhp hai, bn c th khy 2 , 4 hay 6 ln trong mt nhp . Tng t, vi nhp ba th c th khy 3,6,9 ln trong 1 nhp, v vi nhp 4 th c th khy 4,8,12 ln Nhng bi nhp 2 thng l nhng hnh khc v li m tay mt rt gin d nh trnh by th d trn Nhng bi nhp 3 thuc loi lun v (valse) v cch m tay mt cng rt gin d nh ta s thy trong th d phn m cho bi THU VNG ca Cung Tin s trnh by sau Nhng bi thuc nhp 4 rt a dng v gm hu ht nhng th loi thng dng m ta s ln lt bn n trong nhng bi k tip. kt thc bi u tin trong phn k thut tay mt ny, tm tt th bn cn nh cc im sau y: 1. Trc khi m, hy nhn xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4 2. Mi nhp s c 3 cch m t chm n nhanh ( khng i, nhn 2, nhn 3) vi s khy trong mi nhp tng t bng s phch (khng i) ln gp i (nhn 2) hoc gp ba (nhn 3) 3. Khi m mt bi nhc th cn thay i li m theo 1 trong 3 cch ni trn cho linh ng. Thng nn bt u bi vi cch chm (khng i) ri dn dn i ln nhanh hn ( nhn 2 hoc nhn 3) khi qua ip khc v tr li chm ht. Ta hy nhn vo th d m bi THU VNG l mt bi nhp 3 (valse) phn sau...

8 m nhc cng ng

BN I HIU QUNH (Trnh Cng Sn) Trong bi vit k trc, ti nu ra vi im cn bn v phn m tay mt. Ni tm tt l bn cn a) xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4 v b) Nhn s nhp 1, 2, hay 3 ln s c 3 cch m chn. Sau chng ta cng p dng nhng quy lut ny m 1 bi valse (nhp 3) gin d (Thu Vng ca Cung Tin) . Sau khi nm c ci sn cn bn ny th chng ta c th bt u thay i, thm bt cht t cho phn m n c linh ng hn. Sau y chng ta hy

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dng bi BN I HIU QUNH ca Trnh Cng Sn lm th d: Bi ny vit cung Re th (Dm), nhp 2/2 (2 du trng trong 1 nhp >>> nhp 2) gm c 4 on chnh v on u nh sau: Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm) Cch m ca 3 on sau cng nh vy ngha l: Dm Dm C F A A A7 Dm Dm Bb* C F Dm Bb* A7 Dm ( Ghi ch : Nu cha quen n hp m Bb, c th tm thi thay th bng Dm y) Li ca ca 3 on k l ***** Ri mt ln kia khn gi i xa Tng rng c qun thng nh ni qu nh Lng tht bnh yn m sao bun th Git mnh nhn ti ngi khc bao gi ng no qunh hiu ti i qua ng v tnh ti c nng rt la ng tht lng yn lng khng g nh Git mnh nhn quanh ph xa l ng no du ti i n cn say Mt ln nm m ti thy ti qua i D tht l ri lng khng bun my Git mnh tnh ra nng ln ri ip Khc : Hm hm hm hm hm ( 2 ln ) m : Dm C C Dm (2 ln)

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Cch m tay mt y l 1 bi thuc nhp chn (nhp 2 hoc 4 - khc vi nhp l: nhp 3 bn k ri ). Ta c th dng cch nhn 2 m ton bi ny, nh th mi ln m 1 hp m nh vit trn (mi nhp dng 1 hp m) th s khy 4 ln. Nu theo ng sch v m m p i m a t u n cui bi th nghe rt u n, khng g c sc. Do tuy dng mt cch duy nht l nhn 2 c 4 khy trong mt nhp, ta c th dng 4 li sau y m (th d n hp m Dm m 1 nhp) 1 (dng ngn ci hay ngn tr nh tri) m 1 2 3 4 E-----1----------1-----1------- B-----3----------3-----3------- G-----2----------2-----2------- D----- 0----------0-----0------- A------------------------------- E-------------- ----------------- 2 (dng cc ngn p i - am i ) m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2----------2--------- D-----0-------------------------- A----- ---------------------------- E---------------------------------- 3 (dng cc ngn p i am p) m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2-------------------- D-----0----------------0--------- A----- ----------------------------

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E---------------------------------- 4 (dng cc ngn p i am) m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2-------------------- D-----0-------------------------- A----- ---------------------------- E---------------------------------- Tm tt bi m: Do n : C th dng 2 cu ip khc Dm-C-C-Dm (2 ln) v m theo li 1 on 1: m theo li # 1 on 2: # 2 on 3: # 3 on 4: # 4 ip khc & Kt : m theo li 1 Mt im nh cn ghi nh l khi n mi hp m th bn nn n nt bass (ngn ci) l nt ch m. Dm th bt u bng nt Re (D), hp m Do trng ( C ) th bass l nt Do ( C ) v.v.. Phn tch : Tuy ton bi c m theo cch nhn 2 ngha l s c 4 khy trong mi nhp, ta c th ngn di 1 khy (li 1 v 3). Nu vit theo k m th l en mc-mc (li 1) hoc mc-mc-en (li 2) . Thm vo , mi khy th khng hn ch n bng 1 ngn (nh p-i-m-a) m c th l 2 ngn cng lc (ma), 3 ngn (ima), hoc nh tri. Sau ny cc bn s hc thm v cch chy bass, i nt mt vi khy trong hp m l bi m s nghe thay i khc rt c bit. Tt c nhng kiu m thng dng trong nhc Vit nh Rumba Bolero, Slow Rock v.v nh ta s thy trong nhng bi sau, u l nhng bin th t ci sn bn n ni y Sau khi nm vng c ci sn cn bn ny ri th bn nn th nghim v thay i, thm bt theo cch ni trn tm ra nhng cch m mi, to thnh cch m c bit cho ring mnh. B quyt chn la l ch cn da vo tai mnh sao

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cho nghe hay l c. Sau ny, khi chn nghe cc hp m v tr cn bn ni u cn n, bn nn hc thm nhng th bm khc ca cng hp m v tr khc trn cn n ... Bi ny c 4 phn lp li ging nhau Phn m cho mi on nh sau: on 1: tri - ngh - tri - tri Dng cch m cn bn : nhn 2 cho bi nhp 2 = n 4 khy cho mi nhp . Tuy nhin y th ta ngh khy 3 Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm) ip Khc Sau mi on th ht ip khc m : p - tri - tri - tri H m (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm) Hm (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm) on 2: p i am i vn nhn 2 s phch khy 4 ln trong 1 nhp Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F) Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F)

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Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm) on 3: p i am p tng t nh trc, nhng lp li ngn ci ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F) ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm) ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm) on 4: Cng vn l 4 khy nhng khi qua khy 4 th ngh p i am - ngh ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F) Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm) D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F) Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm) Cu do n C th dng cu ip khc do n V nh vy th trn bi m c th nghe ra nh sau: In tro : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm)

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K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F) Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm) K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F) ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm) ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm) K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F) Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm) D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F) Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm) K & Kt : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm

9 m iu SLOW

MA HNG (Trnh Cng Sn)

Trong nhng bi trc, chng ta bn v cch m nhng bi nhp 3 (Valse, Boston) v nhc cng ng - nhp 2, hm nay ti s vit v mt li m tng qut rt thng dng vi cc bi nhc Vit, nht l m nhng bi nhc Trnh Cng Sn, c tit iu Slow du dng. y l nhng bi nhc thuc nhp c 2 hay 4 phch v chng ta s p dng li m nhn 3 ngha l s nh 3 khy cho mi phch. Hy tr li vi th d m bi MA HNG nh sau: Xem li bi trc, nhng hp m tay tri trong bi l: C Am F G7 G7 F G7 C G7 G7 C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C

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C Am F G7 Em Am F Dm Dm G7 C C C Am F G7 G7 F G7 Am Dm G7 C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C Cch m chnh cho tay mt: Bi ny c th m ton bi theo cch cn bn nhn 3 nh sau: 1 (dng cc ngn p i - m a - m - i ) Hp m Do trng (C) m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E------------------------0------------------ B-----------------1--------- --1------------ G-----------0-----------------------0------ D------------- ------------------------------ A-----3------------------------------------- E------------------------------------------- Ni chung th vi mi hp m, ta s dng ngn ci n nt bass mang tn ch m, ri sau dng 3 ngn i,m,a n 3 dy trn do n th c th m tay mt theo cch trn v n vi hp m cn bn nh : 1) C G7 C hoc 2) C Am F G7 hoc dng cu kt 3) C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C Sau tip theo phn chnh ca bi nhc : Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am) My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7)

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Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F) Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C) Mang gi LN (G7) - (G7) Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am) i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7) Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7) Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7) Hn mun TRNG (C) (C) IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am) Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7) Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F) i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am) Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am) Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7) Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7) Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7) M hng H (C) - (C) Sau khi nm vng cch m cn bn trn y, mun lm cho phn m phong ph hn th c my cch nh sau y: 1. Thay i cch m on IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C)

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Vn dng cch nhn 3 c 6 khy cho mi hp m, nhng nay ta s n 4 khy u v khng n 2 khy 5 & 6 Dng p - p - i - ma m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E------------------------0------------------ B------------------------1-- ---------------- G-----------------0------------------------- D----------- 2------------------------------- A-----3------------------------------------- E------------------------------------------- (Ghi nh: H mi ln ht ch HOA th phi nhp vi phn m u mi hp m, dng ngn ci) Hoc : nh tri 4 khy bng ngn ci m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E-----0-----0-----0------0------------------ B-----1-----1-----1------1-- ---------------- G-----0-----0-----0------0------------------ D-----2----- 2-----2------2------------------ A-----3-----3-----3------3------------------ E--------------------------------------------- 2. Chy BASS Mt cch th hai thng hay dng thay i khng kh l li chy bass. Ni vn tt th khi m, ta c th thay th tri cui ca mt hp m bng mt nt bt cu a n nt bass ca hp m k tip. Nt bt cu ny c th cao hay thp hn ty thuc vo nt bass ca hp m trc. Th d trong bi Ma Hng c 3 hp m i lin nhau : C Am F th trc khi qua Am, ta n khy 6 ca hp m trc l nt chy bass Si (B). Sau trc khi qua hp m F , ta chy bass vi nt Sol (G) . Kt qu s nh sau:

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m 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 E-----------------0---------------------0-------------------------1----- B-------------1------1--------------1------1-----------------1------1-- G---- -----0---------------------2-------------------------2------------- D-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- A-----3----- ------------2---0------------------------------------------- E--------------- --------------------------------3---1-------------------- Tng t nh vy, nu hai hp m k nhau l Am C th nt chy bass s l Si (B) khi n th s nghe cc nt bass l A - B - C nh tng bc thang ln xung u n rt m tai. Sau ny khi n kh hn, bn c th th chy bass 2 nt bng cch thay th khy 5 v 6. Th d t Am qua C , thay 2 khy 5 & 6 ca Am bng hai nt A, B v khi n th s nghe l A --- A-B-C ---- Cch m SLOW ny c th dng m nhng bi SLOW ROCK, tuy nhin nu mun nghe cho ng mi Slow Rock th phi n mt n v khng phi gm 6 khy m l 12 khy nh sau: m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 E---------0---0---0---0-----------0---0--------------------- B---------1- --1---1---1-----------1---1-------------------- G---------0---0---0---0------ 0----------------------0------- D--------------------------2----------------1 ---2------------ A-----3------------------------------------------------- -3-- E------------------------------------------------------------ Ghi ch Bi ny thuc nhp 2 ( c 2 phch trong mi nhp ) v mnh dng cch " nhn 3 " do mi nhp s lun lun c 6 "khy" on u th mnh n c 6 khy, tuy nhin khi qua ip khc, tuy vn khy 6 ln trong mi nhp, th ch n 4 "khy" u m thi . Khi m qua khy 5 v 6 th khng n ( nh c du lng 2 khy ny) Nh vit, sau tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca 1 bi nhc , ta c th chn 1 trong 3 cch l : nhn 1 , nhn 2, hoc nhn 3 tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca bi nhc ny. Ta c th m bi Ma Hng bng cch " nhn mt " , ngha l mi nhp ch cn nh tri hp m 2 ln ( cch ny d n nht ) . Kh hn th dng "nhn 2 " v kh hn na l cch "nhn 3". S d bi ny ti ngh chn

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cch "nhn 3" mt phn cng v trong bi nhc c nhiu nhm 3 nt (lin ba) cho mi phch. Khi qua ip khc th mnh cn thay i cch m " thay i khng kh" . Mun i qua cch "nhn 2" m on ny cng c, khng ai cm . Tuy nhin nu m on u "nhn ba" ri sang on ip khc li "nhn hai" th bi nhc s chm li. Thng thng ip khc l on "cao im", do mnh phi m sao cho dn dp hn . V vy m ti ngh cch vn gi "nhn 3 " nhng nh 4 tri ri ngh 2 tri . Khi nh 4 "tri" c th theo cch p - i - m - am -ngh - ngh , hoc c th dng ngn ci khy ton hp m 4 ln ri ngh - ngh Khi thy 2 hp m ghi lin nhau , nh (C) - (C) , th y c ngha l n cui cu nhc nn ca s ngn di ri ngh ly hi qua on sau . Ti y mnh phi m thm 1 nhp vi hp m th nh ghi Vit thm v chy bass : Ly th d chui 3 hp m Am - C - D ( m bi House of the Rising Sun) v ch ti nhng nt m ca 2 hp m Am v C. Theo cch m cn bn th : Am s n A - A - C - E - C - A ( dy 5-3-2-1-2-3 ) C s n C - G - C - E - C - G (dy 5-3-2-1-2-3) C th "chy bass" bng cch 1) Thay th "khy" 6 (nt A dy 3) bng nt B (bm 2, dy 5) 2) Thay th "khy" 5 v 6 ngha l i 2 nt C (dy 2) v A (dy 3) trn, bng A (khng bm, dy 5) v B ( bm 2, dy 5) nh ri hp m: Mun nh ri th c nhiu cch, gin d nht l dng ngn ci hoc ngn tr . Ngoi ra bn cn c th : a) Dng ngn ci nm vo ngn tr theo kiu qut tr . b) Dng ming khy n (mediator) cm gia ngn ci & ngn tr c) Dng 2 ngn tr hoc rasguedo (k thut flamenco) : nh tri bng cc ngn t-a-m-i t dy 6 n dy 1 v.v Tt c cc cch trn y u ty thuc vo bi nhc mnh cn m. Chng hn nh khi phi m cho mt nhm bn b hp ca mt bi nhc hng nh Ni Vng Tay

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Ln th khng th no dng li finger picking p-ami v.v v ting n s b t mt. Lc y bn cn nh ri tht mnh bng cc cch a,b,hay c trn y INTRO : C - Am - F - G7 - G7 Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am) My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7) Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F) Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C) Mang gi LN (G7) - (G7) Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am) i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7) Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7) Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7) Hn mun TRNG (C) (C) IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am) Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7) Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F) i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am) Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am) Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7) Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7) Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7) M hng H (C) - (C) 3) Cu do n khc :

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Thay v dng cu do n cn bn C Am F - G7 G7 , bn c th i thnh : C G Am Em F G7 - C C

Bn cng c th dng chui hp m ny kt thc bi nhc 4) Cu do n c tu : T chui hp m trn, bn c th thm vo vi nt ging chnh bin thnh 1 on c tu dng do n v kt thc bi nhc.

10

Phn Loi Cc Nhp iu Qua mt s bi tp phn trn, cc bn thc s n mt s nhp iu thng dng, ch c iu l chng ta cha gi tn nhng nhp iu ny m thi. Ly th d khi m bi Bn i Hiu Qunh, th trong mt bi ny m cc bn bin i cch m t Slow, qua Slow Fox, Swing v.v Ti ngh rng cch hay nht l tm thi chia cch m cc bi nhc ra thnh 4 nhm: 1. Gia nh SLOW : Gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Ty cch nhn 1, nhn 2 v ty tc nhanh chm, ngi ta s c cc nhp iu sau y: Slow, Slow Fox, Blues, Swing, March , Fox trot, One Step, Two Step, Swing Fox, Boogie Woogie (Jive) . Nu dng cch nhn 3 th s a n nhp Slow Rock. Chng ta s i vo chi tit cc loi nhp iu ny sau 2. Gia nh VALSE : Gm nhng bi nhp l (3/4 v) . Ty n nhanh chm m ta s c Boston, Valse Lente, Valse Musette. Nhn 3 th s c Serenade, dng nhp chi th c Java v.v 3. Gia nh cc nhp khiu v thng dng: T nhm nhp chn ca gia nh Slow, nu thay i tit tu, dng nhp chi th cng c th a n nhng nhp iu khiu v ny. Tuy nhin tm thi d hc, ta hy xp nhng nhp iu ny vo 1 nhm ring, gm c nhng iu nh : Rumba, Bolero, Tango, Habanera, Pasodoble,Rock, Twist v.v 4. Cc loi m khc: Phn ny gm nhng bi nhc vi phong cch m t do (th d nh bi Tnh Ca ca Phm Duy th khng th m mt cch u n theo cc cch phn loi nh trn m phi m theo li t do. Nhng bi nhc tr nh nhc c Huy v.v.. cng c nhng cch m khc) Trong phn ny, c th chng ta cng s bn n cch m nhc cao bi theo li dn ca M. Li m ny m a vo m nhc Vit th e l khng hp, nhng khi c th gi th chng ta s ln lt bn n cho vui ca vui nh !

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Trn y i khi l chng trnh hc m trong thi gian ti. Trong nay mai ti s i vo chi tit v nhng nhp iu trong gia nh SLOW.

11

Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW

Nh ni phn trn, ty theo nhng thay i trong nhp m ta s c nhng nhp iu mang tn khc nhau. Nhng thay i ny c th do a) i tc , b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3, c) i cch chy bass,v.v.. Nhm SLOW l nhm thng dng nht gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 2 phch th khy 2 ln, 4 phch th khy 4 ln) : NHN 1: iu SLOW : Slow l nhp iu chm du dt v d n nht . Vi cch nhn 1, bn ch cn nh tri (ri) mi phch mt ln ton b cc nt ca hp m. Tuy nhin thng thng nghe cho hay th ngi ta hay ngt tri th hai, cho c 1 s cch bit mi 2 phch . m Slow hp m Am. m 1 2 ngt 3 4 ngt E-----0-------0-------0-------0--- B-----1-------1-------1-------1--- G-----2-------2-------2-------2--- D-----2-------2-------2-------2--- A-----0-------0-------0-------0--- E--- -------------------------------- Ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh nt nhc th s l: Phch 1: en Phch 2: mc n + lng mc n . Ngt l th hin ca du lng mc n ny SLO W FOX : Tng t nh SLOW nhng m nhanh hn

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SWING : Tng t nh SLOW FOX nhng nhanh v nhn hn BLUES : Tng t nh SLOW, nhng c th khng cn ngt phch hai, ngha l nh tri 2 hp m u n, chm v m tnh day dt ! Thc s nghe ra th rt gn vi SLOW MARCH : Cng vn 2 phch nhng n mt cch mnh m, rn ri : p - tri p - tri m 1 2 3 4 E-------------0---------------0--- B-------------1---------------1---- G-------------0---------------0--- D-------------2---------------2---- A-----3---------------3------------ E----------------------------------- Ni chung l nhng nhp iu trn y u cng 1 gc t SLOW v ch khc nhau ch n nhanh hay chm, du dng hay cng ci NHN HAI Nhng nhp trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri, v cng t m ta s c vi bin th mi : FOX TROT : Nhanh v nhp nhng hn FOX - Mi phch s n: bass mc n + tri mc kp + ngh mc kp . ONE -STEP : Mang nhp MARCH ra m theo li nhn hai th nghe s bt cng ci, m li nhp nhng nh FOX TROT. Thng vit nhp 2/4, mi phch n 2 nt mc n : p + tri (khng ngt) TWO -STEP : MARCH l nhp m qun hnh vit nhp chn 2/4 hay 4/4. Nay nu mang ra n nhp kp 6/8 (cng c 2 phch) , mi phch gm : bass nt en

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+ tri mc n , th nhp hnh khc ny nghe s du v khoan thai hn. SWING FOX : Vn t nhp iu 2 phch ca SLOW , nu kt hp phch u nhn 1, phch sau nhn 2 th s nghe ra rt nhp nhng v nhn nhy. y l nhp iu SWING FOX SWING (nhanh) : mc nhn 1 ta c iu SWING chm gm tri en + tri mc n + ngh mc n. Nay nu nhn 2 c : Phch 1 : Tri mc n chm + tri mc kp Phch 2 : Tri mc n + ngh mc n >> y l iu SWING (nhanh) . >>>Nn ch l phch 1, khi nh tri mc kp th dng cch tri ngc ngha l dng ngn tr nh tri t dy 1 n 6 rt nhanh. Thng thng lu nay mi ln ni nh tri (ri) th ta n cc nt theo chiu t dy 6 n dy 1 (tri thun chiu) Nghe m t nh trn tht rm r nhng nu nghe qua th d sau y th thc s khng kh: BOOGIE WOOGIE (JIVE) - Nu mang iu SWING ra n v li thm phn chy b trm (bass) th ta s c nhp iu BOOGIE WOOGIE nhn nhp rn rng. Trong th d sau y : Khi m hp m G (2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass: G B D E F E D B Khi qua C ( 2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass : C E G A Bb A G E Trc khi chm dt : 1 nhp D th bass l D F# - A D , 1 nhp C th bass l C E G C . Dt hp m G NHN BA T iu SLOW, nu mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th ta s c SLOW ROCK . iu SLOW ROCK c th vit nhp 4/4 hay 6/8 ( 6 nt mc trong 1 nhp) . Trong mt bi trc, ti trnh by v 2 li m SLOW ROCK cho phn u v ip khc ca bi nhc ri, nn s khng nhc li y

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Trc khi chm dt bi v nhm nhp iu SLOW, ti xin khuyn cc bn thc s khng nn qu ch n phn hnh thc, tn cc nhp iu rc ri ni trn m thm nhc u! i vi cc bi nhc Vit, cm cy n trn tay, nhn vo 1 bi nhc nhp chn, bn ch cn chn cc hp m tay tri sao cho m tai , ri th da trn nhng nguyn tc cn bn, nhn 1, 2, 3 , ty sc n m bn c th ch bin t m bi nhc da theo cm xc ca mnh. Nh vy th mi c thm yu t sng to v mi ln m s khc nhau ty cm hng ca mnh

12 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm VALSE :

Nhm VALSE gm nhng bi nhp ba, gin d hn nhm SLOW nhiu, v ch c vi nhp iu, bin i t:

a) i tc ,

b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3,

Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 3 phch th khy 3 ln) :

NHN 1:

iu VALSE : Bn ch cn nh :

Phch 1: ngn ci (p) nt bass mang tn hp m Phch 2 & 3 : Tri ton b cc nt ca hp m.

Bn cng c th ngt tri th hai v th ba.

m VALSE hp m Am.

m 1 2 3

E-------------0-------0----- B-------------1-------1----- G-------------2-------2----- D----------- ----------------- A-----0---------------------- E------------------------- ---

Nh ni trn, ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh

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nt nhc th s l:

Phch 1: en Phch 2 & 3: mc n + lng mc n .

VALSE MUSETTE : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m nhanh hn

BOSTON : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m rt chm

NHN HAI

Nhp VALSE trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri, mt nhp s n 6 tri. Ngi ta thng gi y l nhp VALSE LENTE

(cng tng t nh BOSTON theo cch nhn hai)

NHN BA

Vi mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th ta s c SERENADE .

Trong th d sau y th cch m l :

P i m - p i m - p i m

Tm tt li th gia nh VALSE ch c my iu trn y l chnh. Trong bi ti ti s vit v nhm RUMBA.

13 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm RUMBA

Nhm RUMBA gm nhng iu nh RUMBA, BOLERO, MAMBO, CHA CHA CHA, CALYPSO .. tuy nhin trong nhc Vit Nam th thng dng nht vn l RUMBA & BOLERO. Do trong phn ny chng ta s bn n tit iu RUMBA cn bn v bin iu thng dng nht l BOLERO iu RUMBA : Thng vit nhp 4/4 v tay mt m theo li NHN HAI, ngha l s c 8 khy trong mi nhp

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m Rumba hp m Am nh sau: m 1 2 3 4 E----------0-----0----------0-----0------------0------- B----------1-----1----------1-----1------------1------- G----------2-----2----------2-----2------------2------- D------------------------------------- ------------------- A-----0----------------0--------------------------------

E------------------------------------------0------------- T nhp iu chnh trn y, ta s c Rumba Lente, Rumba Argentina, Rumba Moderato v.v... m chng s bn vo mt dp khc iu BOLERO : Thng c vit nhp 2/2 (2 phch trong mi nhp) v cng c 8 khy trong mi nhp. m Bolero hp m Am nh sau: m 1 & 2 & E----------0-----------0--------------0-----------0------- B----------1-- ---------1--------------1-----------1------- G----------2-----------2-------- ------2-----------2------- D------------------------------------------------- ---------- A-----0------------------------0--------------------------- E-- - -----------------------------------------0------------- BI TP: m bi NNG CHIU ca L Trng Nguyn. Li bi nhc v cc hp m trong bi nh sau: Qua bn(G) nc xa(Em) l hoa v(C) chiu ... (D7) Lnh lng(G) mm a(Em) trong nng la(Am) tha ... (D7) Khi n(G) cui thn(C) chn bc khng(G) hn ... (G) Nh sao(Am) l nh(D7) n ngi ngy(D7) th ... (D7)

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Anh nh(G) trc y(Em) dng em gy(C) gy(D7) Du dng(G) nhn anh(Em) i mt long(Am) lanh(D7) Anh nh(G) bc em(C) khi nng vng(G) thm ... (G) M em(Am) mu ng(D7) tc th nh(G) bay ... (G) Nay anh v(Em) qua sn nng(Em) chnh nh cu th(Em) tim ti t(Am) chng bit by gi(D7) ngi em gi(D7) duyn gh v u(G) ... (G) Nay anh v(Em) nng du a(Em) ging ht cu h(Em) thi ht a(Am) hnh bng yu kiu(D7) k hoa tm(Bm) bit u m tm(C) ... (D7) Anh nh(G) xt xa(Em) di tre l (C) ng..... (D7) Gn bun(G) nhn anh(Em) em ni: "Mn(Am) anh!"... (D7) My lt(G) tht tri(C) khi nng vng(G) i ... (G) Nh em(Am) du hin(D7) nng chiu ngng(G) tri... (G) Thay v ch m 1 cch t u n cui nghe ra s rt chn tai, cc bn nn lun tm cch bin i cc nhp m. Chng hn nh bi ny c th m theo 3 cch sau y: 1. Dng cho on A 1 , 4 cu u: m Bolero cn bn, nhng thay i 2 nt bass cui m 1 & 2 & E----------3-----------3--------------3------------3------- B----------0- ----------0--------------1------------1------- G----------0-----------0------ --------2------------2------- D-------------------------------0-------------- ------------- A----------------------------------------------1------------ E-----2----------------------------------------------------- 2. Dng cho on A 2 , 4 cu tip theo v 4 cu cui bi: m theo li nh tri: m 1 & 2 & E-----------------3-------------------------------------------

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B--------- ----0----------0--------------------0-------------- G---------0-------------- -------0--------------------0------- D--------------------------------------- 0-------------------- A------------------------------------------------------ ------- E-----2------------------------------------------------------- 3. Dng cho on ip khc: m theo li ch dng ngn ci m 1 2 3 4 ^ V V ^ V E-------------------3------3-------------3-----3------3------- B--------- ------0----------0-------------0-----0------0------- G-------------0--------- ---0-------------0-----0------0------- D-----------0------------------------- -------------------------- A---------1--------------------------------------- -------------- E-----2------------------------------------------------------- - im quan trng nht y l du V . Bn nh du V ny bng cch dng ngn ci khy ngc t di ln trn ( t dy 1 n dy 6) do n th bn c th dng cu cui hoc do chui hp m cn bn.

PHN HAI :

K THUT TAY MT

6 Nguyn tc cn bn

Trc khi i vo chi tit v cc th loi m tay mt, ti xin trnh by mt vi iu cn bn nhm mc ch gip cc bn c 1 ci khung (framework) sau ny c th

m tay mt cho mi bi ht:

1. Tm xem bi nhc thuc nhp g ?:

Nhn vo 1 bi nhc, bn s thy cc dng nhc c chia thnh tng nhp , cch nhau bi 2 vch nhp . Trong mi nhp s c mt s nt nht nh, c

xc nh sau b kha ni u bi nhc bi nhng con s nh 2/4 , 3/4 , 6/8 v.v

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Cc con s trn (t s) nh 2, 3, 6 v.v.. cho bit trong mi nhp c bao nhiu phch, tc l s a tay nh nhp (hoc ly chn p nhp) bao nhiu ln trong

mi nhp.

Cc con s di (mu s) nh 4,8,16 v.vcho bit mi ln p nhp nh vy (mi phch) th c gi tr l bao nhiu lu. Ly nt trn lm n v v mang ra chia 2, 4, 8 s thy 1 trn = 2 trng = 4 en = 8 mc n . S 4 c ngha l nt en, v

8 l nt mc n v.v...

Nh vy, nhp 2/4 c ngha l mi nhp c 2 nt en , 9/8 c ngha l mi nhp c 9 nt mc n v 12/8 s c 12 mc n trong 1 nhp. Tuy nhin trong thc t th khng ai p nhp ht 6, 9, hay 12 ln trong mi nhp v nh vy s mi tay

v r chn lm! Do ngi ta ch ly tay nh nhp 2, 3 hay 4 ln trong mi nhp m thi. Nhng bi nhc c s 2,3,4 ( nh 2/4 , 3/8 , 4/4 ) u thuc loi ny

v c gi chung l nhp n

Vi nhng bi m s nhp c t s ln hn 2,3 hay 4 ( nh 6/8, 9/8 , 12/8) th y l nhng nhp kp, v mun tm nhp n tng ng th dng lut trn chia 3, di chia 2 . Th d, vi nhp 6 / 8 th 6 chia 3 bng 2 >>> 2 phch , v 8 chia 2

bng 4 >>> nt en. Bi ny c 2 phch, mi phch c gi tr 1 nt en chm ( 1 en + 1 mc n hay bng 3 nt mc n) . Ch n t s th bi nhc 6/8

thuc nhp 2, v tng t 9/8 thuc nhp 3 , 12/8 thuc nhp 4 phch

Tm tt : Bc u tin l cn tm xem bi nhc (hay on nhc) thuc nhp 2, 3, hay 4.

2. nh s ln khy trong 1 nhp

Khi dng tay mt n, ta c th khy n bng 1 ngn (ci, tr, gia hoc p t : p i m - a) hoc nh tri mt nhm nt. Hy tm thi gi mi ln n nh

vy l 1 khy (stroke) .

Vi mt bi thuc nhp 2 th ta c th n 2 khy trong mi nhp. Th d nh trong khi tay tri bm mt hp m (C) th tay mt c th n vi cch nh sau:

a) tri - tri ( dng ngn ci nh tri 2 ln)

b) ci - tri ( dng ngn ci nh nt bc 1 ca hp m - ri sau nh tri c) p ima ( sau khi n phch 1 bng ngn ci , n tip dy 1,2,3 bng 3 ngn

tr, gia, p t)

Nu n mt cch t u n cui m khng thay i nh vy th nghe cng chn, do bn c th tng s khy trong 1 nhp ln gp i ( nhn hai) khy 4

ln trong mi nhp v m tay mt nh sau:

a) p i m a b) p i - ma - i

c) p ima ima - ima

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Tng t, bn c th tng s khy trong mi nhp ln gp ba ( nhn 3)

khy 6 ln trong mi nhp v m nh sau: a) p i m a m i

Tm tt: vi mt bi nhp hai, bn c th khy 2 , 4 hay 6 ln trong mt nhp .

Tng t, vi nhp ba th c th khy 3,6,9 ln trong 1 nhp, v vi nhp 4 th c th khy 4,8,12 ln

Nhng bi nhp 2 thng l nhng hnh khc v li m tay mt rt gin d nh

trnh by th d trn

Nhng bi nhp 3 thuc loi lun v (valse) v cch m tay mt cng rt gin d nh ta s thy trong th d phn m cho bi THU VNG ca Cung Tin s trnh

by sau

Nhng bi thuc nhp 4 rt a dng v gm hu ht nhng th loi thng dng m ta s ln lt bn n trong nhng bi k tip.

kt thc bi u tin trong phn k thut tay mt ny, tm tt th bn cn nh

cc im sau y: 1. Trc khi m, hy nhn xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4

2. Mi nhp s c 3 cch m t chm n nhanh ( khng i, nhn 2, nhn 3) vi s khy trong mi nhp tng t bng s phch (khng i) ln gp i

(nhn 2) hoc gp ba (nhn 3) 3. Khi m mt bi nhc th cn thay i li m theo 1 trong 3 cch ni trn

cho linh ng. Thng nn bt u bi vi cch chm (khng i) ri dn dn i ln nhanh hn ( nhn 2 hoc nhn 3) khi qua ip khc v tr li chm ht.

Ta hy nhn vo th d m bi THU VNG l mt bi nhp 3 (valse) phn sau...

8 m nhc cng ng

BN I HIU QUNH (Trnh Cng Sn) Trong bi vit k trc, ti nu ra vi im cn bn v phn m tay mt. Ni tm tt l bn cn a) xem bi nhc thuc nhp 2, 3 hay 4 v b) Nhn s nhp 1, 2, hay 3 ln s c 3 cch m chn. Sau chng ta cng p dng nhng quy lut ny m 1 bi valse (nhp 3) gin d (Thu Vng ca Cung Tin) . Sau khi nm c ci sn cn bn ny th chng ta c th bt u thay i, thm bt cht t cho phn m n c linh ng hn. Sau y chng ta hy dng bi BN I HIU QUNH ca Trnh Cng Sn lm th d: Bi ny vit cung Re th (Dm), nhp 2/2 (2 du trng trong 1 nhp >>> nhp 2) gm c 4 on chnh v on u nh sau:

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Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm) Cch m ca 3 on sau cng nh vy ngha l: Dm Dm C F A A A7 Dm Dm Bb* C F Dm Bb* A7 Dm ( Ghi ch : Nu cha quen n hp m Bb, c th tm thi thay th bng Dm y) Li ca ca 3 on k l ***** Ri mt ln kia khn gi i xa Tng rng c qun thng nh ni qu nh Lng tht bnh yn m sao bun th Git mnh nhn ti ngi khc bao gi ng no qunh hiu ti i qua ng v tnh ti c nng rt la ng tht lng yn lng khng g nh Git mnh nhn quanh ph xa l ng no du ti i n cn say Mt ln nm m ti thy ti qua i D tht l ri lng khng bun my Git mnh tnh ra nng ln ri ip Khc : Hm hm hm hm hm ( 2 ln ) m : Dm C C Dm (2 ln) Cch m tay mt

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y l 1 bi thuc nhp chn (nhp 2 hoc 4 - khc vi nhp l: nhp 3 bn k ri ). Ta c th dng cch nhn 2 m ton bi ny, nh th mi ln m 1 hp m nh vit trn (mi nhp dng 1 hp m) th s khy 4 ln. Nu theo ng sch v m m p i m a t u n cui bi th nghe rt u n, khng g c sc. Do tuy dng mt cch duy nht l nhn 2 c 4 khy trong mt nhp, ta c th dng 4 li sau y m (th d n hp m Dm m 1 nhp) 1 (dng ngn ci hay ngn tr nh tri) m 1 2 3 4 E-----1----------1-----1------- B-----3----------3-----3------- G-----2----------2-----2------- D----- 0----------0-----0------- A------------------------------- E-------------- ----------------- 2 (dng cc ngn p i - am i ) m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2----------2--------- D-----0-------------------------- A----- ---------------------------- E---------------------------------- 3 (dng cc ngn p i am p) m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2-------------------- D-----0----------------0--------- A----- ---------------------------- E---------------------------------- 4 (dng cc ngn p i am)

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m 1 2 3 4 E-----------------1-------------- B-----------------3-------------- G-----------2-------------------- D-----0-------------------------- A----- ---------------------------- E---------------------------------- Tm tt bi m: Do n : C th dng 2 cu ip khc Dm-C-C-Dm (2 ln) v m theo li 1 on 1: m theo li # 1 on 2: # 2 on 3: # 3 on 4: # 4 ip khc & Kt : m theo li 1 Mt im nh cn ghi nh l khi n mi hp m th bn nn n nt bass (ngn ci) l nt ch m. Dm th bt u bng nt Re (D), hp m Do trng ( C ) th bass l nt Do ( C ) v.v.. Phn tch : Tuy ton bi c m theo cch nhn 2 ngha l s c 4 khy trong mi nhp, ta c th ngn di 1 khy (li 1 v 3). Nu vit theo k m th l en mc-mc (li 1) hoc mc-mc-en (li 2) . Thm vo , mi khy th khng hn ch n bng 1 ngn (nh p-i-m-a) m c th l 2 ngn cng lc (ma), 3 ngn (ima), hoc nh tri. Sau ny cc bn s hc thm v cch chy bass, i nt mt vi khy trong hp m l bi m s nghe thay i khc rt c bit. Tt c nhng kiu m thng dng trong nhc Vit nh Rumba Bolero, Slow Rock v.v nh ta s thy trong nhng bi sau, u l nhng bin th t ci sn bn n ni y Sau khi nm vng c ci sn cn bn ny ri th bn nn th nghim v thay i, thm bt theo cch ni trn tm ra nhng cch m mi, to thnh cch m c bit cho ring mnh. B quyt chn la l ch cn da vo tai mnh sao cho nghe hay l c. Sau ny, khi chn nghe cc hp m v tr cn bn ni u cn n, bn nn hc thm nhng th bm khc ca cng hp m v tr khc trn cn n ...

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Bi ny c 4 phn lp li ging nhau Phn m cho mi on nh sau: on 1: tri - ngh - tri - tri Dng cch m cn bn : nhn 2 cho bi nhp 2 = n 4 khy cho mi nhp . Tuy nhin y th ta ngh khy 3 Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm) ip Khc Sau mi on th ht ip khc m : p - tri - tri - tri H m (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm) Hm (Dm) ... hm (C) ... hm (C) ... hm ... hm ... hm (Dm) on 2: p i am i vn nhn 2 s phch khy 4 ln trong 1 nhp Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F) Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm)

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on 3: p i am p tng t nh trc, nhng lp li ngn ci ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F) ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm) ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm) on 4: Cng vn l 4 khy nhng khi qua khy 4 th ngh p i am - ngh ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F) Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm) D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F) Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm) Cu do n C th dng cu ip khc do n V nh vy th trn bi m c th nghe ra nh sau: In tro : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm Mt (Dm) ln cht nghe (Dm) qu qun (C) ti xa (F) Ging (A) ngi gi ti (A) nghe ting (A7) rt nhu m (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi ht (A7) bao gi (Dm) K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm

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Ri (Dm) mt ln kia (Dm) khn gi (C) i xa (F) Tng (A) rng c qun (A) thng nh (A7) ni qu nh (Dm) Lng (Dm) tht bnh yn (Bb) m sao (C) bun th (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn ti (Bb) ngi khc (A7) bao gi (Dm) K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm ng (Dm) no qunh hiu (Dm) ti (C) i qua (F) ng (A) v tnh ti (A) c nng (A7) rt la (Dm) ng (Dm) tht lng yn (Bb) lng khng (C) g nh (F) Git (Dm) mnh nhn quanh (Bb) ph (A7) xa l (Dm) K : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm ng (Dm) no du ti (Dm) i n (C) cn say (F) Mt (A) ln nm m (A) ti thy (A7) ti qua i (Dm) D (Dm) tht l ri (Bb) lng khng (C) bun my (F) Git (Dm) mnh tnh ra (Bb) nng (A7) ln ri (Dm) K & Kt : Dm C C Dm - Dm C C - Dm - Dm

9 m iu SLOW

MA HNG (Trnh Cng Sn)

Trong nhng bi trc, chng ta bn v cch m nhng bi nhp 3 (Valse, Boston) v nhc cng ng - nhp 2, hm nay ti s vit v mt li m tng qut rt thng dng vi cc bi nhc Vit, nht l m nhng bi nhc Trnh Cng Sn, c tit iu Slow du dng. y l nhng bi nhc thuc nhp c 2 hay 4 phch v chng ta s p dng li m nhn 3 ngha l s nh 3 khy cho mi phch. Hy tr li vi th d m bi MA HNG nh sau: Xem li bi trc, nhng hp m tay tri trong bi l: C Am F G7 G7 F G7 C G7 G7 C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C C Am F G7 Em Am F Dm Dm G7 C C C Am F G7 G7 F G7 Am Dm G7

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C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C C Cch m chnh cho tay mt: Bi ny c th m ton bi theo cch cn bn nhn 3 nh sau: 1 (dng cc ngn p i - m a - m - i ) Hp m Do trng (C) m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E------------------------0------------------ B-----------------1--------- --1------------ G-----------0-----------------------0------ D------------- ------------------------------ A-----3------------------------------------- E------------------------------------------- Ni chung th vi mi hp m, ta s dng ngn ci n nt bass mang tn ch m, ri sau dng 3 ngn i,m,a n 3 dy trn do n th c th m tay mt theo cch trn v n vi hp m cn bn nh : 1) C G7 C hoc 2) C Am F G7 hoc dng cu kt 3) C Am F G7 C G7 C G7 C Sau tip theo phn chnh ca bi nhc : Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am) My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7) Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F) Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C) Mang gi LN (G7) - (G7)

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Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am) i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7) Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7) Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7) Hn mun TRNG (C) (C) IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am) Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7) Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F) i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am) Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am) Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7) Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7) Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7) M hng H (C) - (C) Sau khi nm vng cch m cn bn trn y, mun lm cho phn m phong ph hn th c my cch nh sau y: 1. Thay i cch m on IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Vn dng cch nhn 3 c 6 khy cho mi hp m, nhng nay ta s n 4 khy u v khng n 2 khy 5 & 6

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Dng p - p - i - ma m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E------------------------0------------------ B------------------------1-- ---------------- G-----------------0------------------------- D----------- 2------------------------------- A-----3------------------------------------- E------------------------------------------- (Ghi nh: H mi ln ht ch HOA th phi nhp vi phn m u mi hp m, dng ngn ci) Hoc : nh tri 4 khy bng ngn ci m 1 2 3 4 5 6 E-----0-----0-----0------0------------------ B-----1-----1-----1------1-- ---------------- G-----0-----0-----0------0------------------ D-----2----- 2-----2------2------------------ A-----3-----3-----3------3------------------ E--------------------------------------------- 2. Chy BASS Mt cch th hai thng hay dng thay i khng kh l li chy bass. Ni vn tt th khi m, ta c th thay th tri cui ca mt hp m bng mt nt bt cu a n nt bass ca hp m k tip. Nt bt cu ny c th cao hay thp hn ty thuc vo nt bass ca hp m trc. Th d trong bi Ma Hng c 3 hp m i lin nhau : C Am F th trc khi qua Am, ta n khy 6 ca hp m trc l nt chy bass Si (B). Sau trc khi qua hp m F , ta chy bass vi nt Sol (G) . Kt qu s nh sau: m 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 E-----------------0---------------------0-------------------------1----- B-------------1------1--------------1------1-----------------1------1--

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G---- -----0---------------------2-------------------------2------------- D-------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- A-----3----- ------------2---0------------------------------------------- E--------------- --------------------------------3---1-------------------- Tng t nh vy, nu hai hp m k nhau l Am C th nt chy bass s l Si (B) khi n th s nghe cc nt bass l A - B - C nh tng bc thang ln xung u n rt m tai. Sau ny khi n kh hn, bn c th th chy bass 2 nt bng cch thay th khy 5 v 6. Th d t Am qua C , thay 2 khy 5 & 6 ca Am bng hai nt A, B v khi n th s nghe l A --- A-B-C ---- Cch m SLOW ny c th dng m nhng bi SLOW ROCK, tuy nhin nu mun nghe cho ng mi Slow Rock th phi n mt n v khng phi gm 6 khy m l 12 khy nh sau: m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 E---------0---0---0---0-----------0---0--------------------- B---------1- --1---1---1-----------1---1-------------------- G---------0---0---0---0------ 0----------------------0------- D--------------------------2----------------1 ---2------------ A-----3------------------------------------------------- -3-- E------------------------------------------------------------ Ghi ch Bi ny thuc nhp 2 ( c 2 phch trong mi nhp ) v mnh dng cch " nhn 3 " do mi nhp s lun lun c 6 "khy" on u th mnh n c 6 khy, tuy nhin khi qua ip khc, tuy vn khy 6 ln trong mi nhp, th ch n 4 "khy" u m thi . Khi m qua khy 5 v 6 th khng n ( nh c du lng 2 khy ny) Nh vit, sau tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca 1 bi nhc , ta c th chn 1 trong 3 cch l : nhn 1 , nhn 2, hoc nhn 3 tm ra s phch trong mi nhp ca bi nhc ny. Ta c th m bi Ma Hng bng cch " nhn mt " , ngha l mi nhp ch cn nh tri hp m 2 ln ( cch ny d n nht ) . Kh hn th dng "nhn 2 " v kh hn na l cch "nhn 3". S d bi ny ti ngh chn cch "nhn 3" mt phn cng v trong bi nhc c nhiu nhm 3 nt (lin ba) cho mi phch. Khi qua ip khc th mnh cn thay i cch m " thay i khng kh" . Mun

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i qua cch "nhn 2" m on ny cng c, khng ai cm . Tuy nhin nu m on u "nhn ba" ri sang on ip khc li "nhn hai" th bi nhc s chm li. Thng thng ip khc l on "cao im", do mnh phi m sao cho dn dp hn . V vy m ti ngh cch vn gi "nhn 3 " nhng nh 4 tri ri ngh 2 tri . Khi nh 4 "tri" c th theo cch p - i - m - am -ngh - ngh , hoc c th dng ngn ci khy ton hp m 4 ln ri ngh - ngh Khi thy 2 hp m ghi lin nhau , nh (C) - (C) , th y c ngha l n cui cu nhc nn ca s ngn di ri ngh ly hi qua on sau . Ti y mnh phi m thm 1 nhp vi hp m th nh ghi Vit thm v chy bass : Ly th d chui 3 hp m Am - C - D ( m bi House of the Rising Sun) v ch ti nhng nt m ca 2 hp m Am v C. Theo cch m cn bn th : Am s n A - A - C - E - C - A ( dy 5-3-2-1-2-3 ) C s n C - G - C - E - C - G (dy 5-3-2-1-2-3) C th "chy bass" bng cch 1) Thay th "khy" 6 (nt A dy 3) bng nt B (bm 2, dy 5) 2) Thay th "khy" 5 v 6 ngha l i 2 nt C (dy 2) v A (dy 3) trn, bng A (khng bm, dy 5) v B ( bm 2, dy 5) nh ri hp m: Mun nh ri th c nhiu cch, gin d nht l dng ngn ci hoc ngn tr . Ngoi ra bn cn c th : a) Dng ngn ci nm vo ngn tr theo kiu qut tr . b) Dng ming khy n (mediator) cm gia ngn ci & ngn tr c) Dng 2 ngn tr hoc rasguedo (k thut flamenco) : nh tri bng cc ngn t-a-m-i t dy 6 n dy 1 v.v Tt c cc cch trn y u ty thuc vo bi nhc mnh cn m. Chng hn nh khi phi m cho mt nhm bn b hp ca mt bi nhc hng nh Ni Vng Tay Ln th khng th no dng li finger picking p-ami v.v v ting n s b t mt. Lc y bn cn nh ri tht mnh bng cc cch a,b,hay c trn y

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INTRO : C - Am - F - G7 - G7 Tri m NNG (C) cho my HNG (Am) My qua MAU (F) em nghing SU (G7) Cn ma XUNG (G7) nh hm NO (F) Em n THM (G7) my m thm (C) Mang gi LN (G7) - (G7) Ngi ngi (C) trng ma NGUN (Am) i yu THNG (F) nghe BUN (G7) Ngoi kia L (C) nh vn XANH (G7) Ngoi sng VNG (C) nc dng LN (G7) Hn mun TRNG (C) (C) IP KHC Ny em KHC (C) chiu ma nh CAO (Am) - (F) Cn g na U (G7) sng m LU (Em) Em i V (Am) chiu ma t o (F) ng phng BAY (Dm) m khng li VO (Dm) Hng cy L (G7) xanh gn vi NHAU (C) - (C) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) my ngang U (Am) Mong em QUA (F) bao nhiu CHIU (G7) Vng tay (G7) xanh xao nhiu (F) i thng NM (G7) gt chn MN (Am) Trn phim DU ( Dm) - (G7) Ngi ngi XUNG (C) xin ma Y (Am) Trn hai VAI (F) cn au DI (G7) Ngi nm XUNG (C) nghe ting RU (G7) Cuc i (C) c bao LU (G7) M hng H (C) - (C) 3) Cu do n khc : Thay v dng cu do n cn bn C Am F - G7 G7 , bn c th i thnh : C G Am Em F G7 - C C

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Bn cng c th dng chui hp m ny kt thc bi nhc 4) Cu do n c tu : T chui hp m trn, bn c th thm vo vi nt ging chnh bin thnh 1 on c tu dng do n v kt thc bi nhc.

10

Phn Loi Cc Nhp iu

Qua mt s bi tp phn trn, cc bn thc s n mt s nhp iu thng dng, ch c iu l chng ta cha gi tn nhng nhp iu ny m thi. Ly th d khi m bi Bn i Hiu Qunh, th trong mt bi ny m cc bn bin i cch m t Slow, qua Slow Fox, Swing v.v Ti ngh rng cch hay nht l tm thi chia cch m cc bi nhc ra thnh 4 nhm: 1. Gia nh SLOW : Gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Ty cch nhn 1, nhn 2 v ty tc nhanh chm, ngi ta s c cc nhp iu sau y: Slow, Slow Fox, Blues, Swing, March , Fox trot, One Step, Two Step, Swing Fox, Boogie Woogie (Jive) . Nu dng cch nhn 3 th s a n nhp Slow Rock. Chng ta s i vo chi tit cc loi nhp iu ny sau 2. Gia nh VALSE : Gm nhng bi nhp l (3/4 v) . Ty n nhanh chm m ta s c Boston, Valse Lente, Valse Musette. Nhn 3 th s c Serenade, dng nhp chi th c Java v.v 3. Gia nh cc nhp khiu v thng dng: T nhm nhp chn ca gia nh Slow, nu thay i tit tu, dng nhp chi th cng c th a n nhng nhp iu khiu v ny. Tuy nhin tm thi d hc, ta hy xp nhng nhp iu ny vo 1 nhm ring, gm c nhng iu nh : Rumba, Bolero, Tango, Habanera, Pasodoble,Rock, Twist v.v 4. Cc loi m khc: Phn ny gm nhng bi nhc vi phong cch m t do (th d nh bi Tnh Ca ca Phm Duy th khng th m mt cch u n theo cc cch phn loi nh trn m phi m theo li t do. Nhng bi nhc tr nh nhc c Huy v.v.. cng c nhng cch m khc) Trong phn ny, c th chng ta cng s bn n cch m nhc cao bi theo li dn ca M. Li m ny m a vo m nhc Vit th e l khng hp, nhng khi c th gi th chng ta s ln lt bn n cho vui ca vui nh !

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Trn y i khi l chng trnh hc m trong thi gian ti. Trong nay mai ti s i vo chi tit v nhng nhp iu trong gia nh SLOW.

11

Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm SLOW

Nh ni phn trn, ty theo nhng thay i trong nhp m ta s c nhng nhp iu mang tn khc nhau. Nhng thay i ny c th do a) i tc , b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3, c) i cch chy bass,v.v.. Nhm SLOW l nhm thng dng nht gm nhng bi nhp chn (2/2, 2/4, 4/4, 6/8 ) . Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 2 phch th khy 2 ln, 4 phch th khy 4 ln) : NHN 1: iu SLOW : Slow l nhp iu chm du dt v d n nht . Vi cch nhn 1, bn ch cn nh tri (ri) mi phch mt ln ton b cc nt ca hp m. Tuy nhin thng thng nghe cho hay th ngi ta hay ngt tri th hai, cho c 1 s cch bit mi 2 phch . m Slow hp m Am. m 1 2 ngt 3 4 ngt E-----0-------0-------0-------0--- B-----1-------1-------1-------1--- G-----2-------2-------2-------2--- D-----2-------2-------2-------2--- A-----0-------0-------0-------0--- E--- -------------------------------- Ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh nt nhc th s l: Phch 1: en Phch 2: mc n + lng mc n . Ngt l th hin ca du lng mc n ny

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SLO W FOX : Tng t nh SLOW nhng m nhanh hn SWING : Tng t nh SLOW FOX nhng nhanh v nhn hn BLUES : Tng t nh SLOW, nhng c th khng cn ngt phch hai, ngha l nh tri 2 hp m u n, chm v m tnh day dt ! Thc s nghe ra th rt gn vi SLOW MARCH : Cng vn 2 phch nhng n mt cch mnh m, rn ri : p - tri p - tri m 1 2 3 4 E-------------0---------------0--- B-------------1---------------1---- G-------------0---------------0--- D-------------2---------------2---- A-----3---------------3------------ E----------------------------------- Ni chung l nhng nhp iu trn y u cng 1 gc t SLOW v ch khc nhau ch n nhanh hay chm, du dng hay cng ci NHN HAI Nhng nhp trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri, v cng t m ta s c vi bin th mi : FOX TROT : Nhanh v nhp nhng hn FOX - Mi phch s n: bass mc n + tri mc kp + ngh mc kp . ONE -STEP : Mang nhp MARCH ra m theo li nhn hai th nghe s bt cng ci, m li nhp nhng nh FOX TROT. Thng vit nhp 2/4, mi phch n 2 nt mc n : p + tri (khng ngt)

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TWO -STEP : MARCH l nhp m qun hnh vit nhp chn 2/4 hay 4/4. Nay nu mang ra n nhp kp 6/8 (cng c 2 phch) , mi phch gm : bass nt en + tri mc n , th nhp hnh khc ny nghe s du v khoan thai hn. SWING FOX : Vn t nhp iu 2 phch ca SLOW , nu kt hp phch u nhn 1, phch sau nhn 2 th s nghe ra rt nhp nhng v nhn nhy. y l nhp iu SWING FOX SWING (nhanh) : mc nhn 1 ta c iu SWING chm gm tri en + tri mc n + ngh mc n. Nay nu nhn 2 c : Phch 1 : Tri mc n chm + tri mc kp Phch 2 : Tri mc n + ngh mc n >> y l iu SWING (nhanh) . >>>Nn ch l phch 1, khi nh tri mc kp th dng cch tri ngc ngha l dng ngn tr nh tri t dy 1 n 6 rt nhanh. Thng thng lu nay mi ln ni nh tri (ri) th ta n cc nt theo chiu t dy 6 n dy 1 (tri thun chiu) Nghe m t nh trn tht rm r nhng nu nghe qua th d sau y th thc s khng kh: BOOGIE WOOGIE (JIVE) - Nu mang iu SWING ra n v li thm phn chy b trm (bass) th ta s c nhp iu BOOGIE WOOGIE nhn nhp rn rng. Trong th d sau y : Khi m hp m G (2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass: G B D E F E D B Khi qua C ( 2 nhp) th ngn ci chy bass : C E G A Bb A G E Trc khi chm dt : 1 nhp D th bass l D F# - A D , 1 nhp C th bass l C E G C . Dt hp m G NHN BA T iu SLOW, nu mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th ta s c SLOW ROCK . iu SLOW ROCK c th vit nhp 4/4 hay 6/8 ( 6 nt mc trong 1 nhp) . Trong mt bi trc, ti trnh by v 2 li m

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SLOW ROCK cho phn u v ip khc ca bi nhc ri, nn s khng nhc li y

Trc khi chm dt bi v nhm nhp iu SLOW, ti xin khuyn cc bn thc s khng nn qu ch n phn hnh thc, tn cc nhp iu rc ri ni trn m thm nhc u! i vi cc bi nhc Vit, cm cy n trn tay, nhn vo 1 bi nhc nhp chn, bn ch cn chn cc hp m tay tri sao cho m tai , ri th da trn nhng nguyn tc cn bn, nhn 1, 2, 3 , ty sc n m bn c th ch bin t m bi nhc da theo cm xc ca mnh. Nh vy th mi c thm yu t sng to v mi ln m s khc nhau ty cm hng ca mnh

12 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm VALSE :

Nhm VALSE gm nhng bi nhp ba, gin d hn nhm SLOW nhiu, v ch c vi nhp iu, bin i t:

a) i tc ,

b) i s khy v p dng li nhn 1, nhn 2, nhn 3,

Bt u vi cch nhn 1 (c 3 phch th khy 3 ln) :

NHN 1:

iu VALSE : Bn ch cn nh :

Phch 1: ngn ci (p) nt bass mang tn hp m Phch 2 & 3 : Tri ton b cc nt ca hp m.

Bn cng c th ngt tri th hai v th ba.

m VALSE hp m Am.

m 1 2 3

E-------------0-------0----- B-------------1-------1----- G-------------2-------2----- D----------- ----------------- A-----0---------------------- E------------------------- ---

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Nh ni trn, ngt l lm cho hp m va n tt ting ngay. Nu vit thnh

nt nhc th s l:

Phch 1: en Phch 2 & 3: mc n + lng mc n .

VALSE MUSETTE : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m nhanh hn

BOSTON : Tng t nh VALSE nhng m rt chm

NHN HAI

Nhp VALSE trn y c th n theo cch nhn hai, ngha l 1 phch s n 2 tri, mt nhp s n 6 tri. Ngi ta thng gi y l nhp VALSE LENTE

(cng tng t nh BOSTON theo cch nhn hai)

NHN BA

Vi mi phch l 1 du en, nay nhn 3 (thnh ra lin ba mc n) th ta s c SERENADE .

Trong th d sau y th cch m l :

P i m - p i m - p i m

Tm tt li th gia nh VALSE ch c my iu trn y l chnh. Trong bi ti ti s vit v nhm RUMBA.

13 Cc Nhp iu thuc nhm RUMBA

Nhm RUMBA gm nhng iu nh RUMBA, BOLERO, MAMBO, CHA CHA CHA, CALYPSO .. tuy nhin trong nhc Vit Nam th thng dng nht vn l RUMBA & BOLERO. Do trong phn ny chng ta s bn n tit iu RUMBA cn bn v bin iu thng dng nht l BOLERO iu RUMBA : Thng vit nhp 4/4 v tay mt m theo li NHN HAI,

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ngha l s c 8 khy trong mi nhp m Rumba hp m Am nh sau: m 1 2 3 4 E----------0-----0----------0-----0------------0------- B----------1-----1----------1-----1------------1------- G----------2-----2----------2-----2------------2------- D------------------------------------- ------------------- A-----0----------------0--------------------------------

E------------------------------------------0------------- T nhp iu chnh trn y, ta s c Rumba Lente, Rumba Argentina, Rumba Moderato v.v... m chng s bn vo mt dp khc iu BOLERO : Thng c vit nhp 2/2 (2 phch trong mi nhp) v cng c 8 khy trong mi nhp. m Bolero hp m Am nh sau: m 1 & 2 & E----------0-----------0--------------0-----------0------- B----------1-- ---------1--------------1-----------1------- G----------2-----------2-------- ------2-----------2------- D------------------------------------------------- ---------- A-----0------------------------0--------------------------- E-- - -----------------------------------------0------------- BI TP: m bi NNG CHIU ca L Trng Nguyn. Li bi nhc v cc hp m trong bi nh sau: Qua bn(G) nc xa(Em) l hoa v(C) chiu ... (D7) Lnh lng(G) mm a(Em) trong nng la(Am) tha ... (D7)

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Khi n(G) cui thn(C) chn bc khng(G) hn ... (G) Nh sao(Am) l nh(D7) n ngi ngy(D7) th ... (D7) Anh nh(G) trc y(Em) dng em gy(C) gy(D7) Du dng(G) nhn anh(Em) i mt long(Am) lanh(D7) Anh nh(G) bc em(C) khi nng vng(G) thm ... (G) M em(Am) mu ng(D7) tc th nh(G) bay ... (G) Nay anh v(Em) qua sn nng(Em) chnh nh cu th(Em) tim ti t(Am) chng bit by gi(D7) ngi em gi(D7) duyn gh v u(G) ... (G) Nay anh v(Em) nng du a(Em) ging ht cu h(Em) thi ht a(Am) hnh bng yu kiu(D7) k hoa tm(Bm) bit u m tm(C) ... (D7) Anh nh(G) xt xa(Em) di tre l (C) ng..... (D7) Gn bun(G) nhn anh(Em) em ni: "Mn(Am) anh!"... (D7) My lt(G) tht tri(C) khi nng vng(G) i ... (G) Nh em(Am) du hin(D7) nng chiu ngng(G) tri... (G) Thay v ch m 1 cch t u n cui nghe ra s rt chn tai, cc bn nn lun tm cch bin i cc nhp m. Chng hn nh bi ny c th m theo 3 cch sau y: 1. Dng cho on A 1 , 4 cu u: m Bolero cn bn, nhng thay i 2 nt bass cui m 1 & 2 & E----------3-----------3--------------3------------3------- B----------0- ----------0--------------1------------1------- G----------0-----------0------ --------2------------2------- D-------------------------------0-------------- ------------- A----------------------------------------------1------------ E-----2----------------------------------------------------- 2. Dng cho on A 2 , 4 cu tip theo v 4 cu cui bi: m theo li nh tri: m 1 & 2 &

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E-----------------3------------------------------------------- B--------- ----0----------0--------------------0-------------- G---------0-------------- -------0--------------------0------- D--------------------------------------- 0-------------------- A------------------------------------------------------ ------- E-----2------------------------------------------------------- 3. Dng cho on ip khc: m theo li ch dng ngn ci m 1 2 3 4 ^ V V ^ V E-------------------3------3-------------3-----3------3------- B--------- ------0----------0-------------0-----0------0------- G-------------0--------- ---0-------------0-----0------0------- D-----------0------------------------- -------------------------- A---------1--------------------------------------- -------------- E-----2------------------------------------------------------- - im quan trng nht y l du V . Bn nh du V ny bng cch dng ngn ci khy ngc t di ln trn ( t dy 1 n dy 6) do n th bn c th dng cu cui hoc do chui hp m cn bn.

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