Comparative table showing corresponding months of other calendars

Months in Malayalam

EraIn Malayalam

Gregorian

Calendar

Tamil

calendarSaka era

Sign of

Zodiac

Chingam ചി�ങ്ങം� August–September AavaniSravan–

BhadrapadaLeo

Kanni കന്നി� September–

OctoberPurattasi

Bhadrapada–

AsvinaVirgo

Tulam തു�ലാം� October–November Aippasi Asvina–Kartika Libra

Vrscikam വൃ�ശ്ചി�ക� November–

DecemberKarthigai

Kartika–

AgrahayanaScorpio

Dhanu ധനു� December–January MargazhiAgrahayana–

PausaSagittarius

Makaram മകരം� January–February Thai Pausa–Magha Capricon

Kumbham ക��ഭം� February–March Maasi Magha–Phalguna Aquarius

Minam മ�നു� March–April Panguni Phalguna–Chaitra Pisces

Medam മേമടം� April–May Chithirai Chaitra– Vaisakha Aries

Edavam (Idavam) ഇടംവൃ� May–June Vaikasi Vaisakha–Jyaistha Taurus

Mithunam മ�ഥു�നു� June–July Aani Jyaistha–Asada Gemini

Karkadakam കരം�‍ക്കടംക� July–August Aadi Asada–Sravana Cancer

Naming the Baby

Namakarana

According to the general rule of the Gruhyasutras the Namakarana ceremony was performed on the tenth or the twelfth day after the birth of the child with the single exception of the secret name which was given, in the opinion of some, on the birth day. But the later options range from the tenth up to the first day of the second year. One authority says, "The naming ceremony should be performed on the tenth, twelfth, hundredth day or at the expiry of the first year." This wide option was due to the convenience of the family and health of the mother and the child. But the option from the tenth up to thirty second day was due to the different periods of ceremonial impurities prescribed for different casts. In the opinion of Brihaspati, "The naming ceremonies should be performed on the tenth, twelfth, thirteenth, sixteenth, nineteenth, or thirty-second day after the birth of the child." But according to astrological works even these dates were to be postponed if there was any natural abnormality or lack of religious propriety. "If there be a Samkranti (the passage of the sun from one zodiac to another), and eclipse or sraddha, the ceremony cannot be auspicious." There were other prohibited days also which should be avoided.

At the expiry of impurity caused by birth, the house was washed and purified, and the child and mother bathed. Before the proper ceremony, the preliminary rites were performed. Then the mother, having covered the child with pure cloth and wetted its head with water, handed it over to the father. After this, offerings were made to Prajapati, date, constellation, their deities, Agni and Soma. The father touched the breaths of the child, most probably, to awaken its consciousness and to draw its attention towards the ceremony. Then the name was given. How it was done is not described in the Gruhyasutras, but the Paddhatis contain the following procedure.

After preliminaries, the parents give the offerings to gods and feel the breath of the child symbolising the awakening of its consciousness and utters in its ear three times: "Your name is …..". The Brahmins and elders are asked to follow, calling the child by that name and blessing it.

The parents, Acharya (teacher) etc. give name to the child. It is written in the Gobhiliya 2/8/8-18 and the Shaunaka Grihya Sutra that a meritoriously attractive and pleasant name should be given to the child.

Composition of the Name

The first question which has been discussed from the time of the Gruhyasutras onwards is the composition of the name. According to the Paraskara Gruhyasutra, the name should be of two syllables or of four syllables, beginning with a sonant, with a semivowel in it, with the long vowel or the visarga at its end, with a Krt suffix, not with a Taddhita. In the opinion of Baijavapa there is no restriction of syllables. "The father should give a name to the child containing one syllable, two syllables, three syllables, or an indefinite number of syllables." But Vasistha restricts the number to two or four syllables and asks to avoid names ending in l and r. the Asvalayana Gruhyasutra attaches different kinds of merits to different number of syllables; "One who is desirous of fame, his name should consists of two syllables, one who desires holy lustre, his name should contain four syllables." For boys even number of syllables were prescribed.

Naming a Girl

The naming of a girl had a different basis. The name of a girl should contain an uneven number of syllables, it should end in a and should have a Taddhita. Baijavapa says, "The name of a girl should contain three syllables and end in i." Manu gives further qualifications of the name of a girl: "It should be easy to pronounce, not hard to hear, of clear meaning, charming, auspicious, ending in a long vowel and containing some blessing." She should not be given an awkward name indicating "a constellation, a tree, a river, a mountain, a bird, a servant, and a terror." Manu forbids to marry girls who were named after these objects. The most probable reason seems to be that such names were current in the non Aryan peoples with whom the Aryans were not willing to form matrimonial relations.

Fourfold Naming

There was current fourfold naming, according to asterism under which the child was born, the deity of the month, the family deity, and the popular calling.

Nakshtra Name

To begin with the Nakshtra name, it was a name derived from the name of a Nakshtra (a lunar asterism) under which the child was born, or from its presiding deity. Sankha and Likhita prescribed that, "the father or an elderly member of the family should give the child a name connected with the constellation under which the child is born." The following are the names of the constellations and their deities: Asvini - Asvi, Bharani - Yama, Kritika - Agni, Rohini - Prajapati, Mrgasira - Soma, Ardra - Rudra, Punarvasu - Aditi, Pusya - Brihaspati, Aslesa - Sarpa, Magha - Pitrni, Purvaphalguni - Bhaga, Uttaraphalguni - Aryaman, Hasta - Savitri, Chitra - Tvastra, Svati - Vayu, visakha - Indragni, Anuradha - Mitra, Jyestha - Indra, Mula - Nirti, Purvasha - Ap, Uttarasadha - Visvedeva, Sravana - Visnu, Dhanistha - Vasu, Saatabhik - Varuna, Puryabhadrapada - Ajaikapada, Uttarabhadrapada - Ahirbudhnya and Revati - Pusan. If a child was born under the constellation Asvini, he was named Asvinikumara, if under Rhini, Rohinikumara etc. Another method of naming the child after the constellation was also current. The letters of the Sanskrit alphabets are believed to be presided over by different constellations. But as there are fifty two letters and only twenty seven constellations, each constellation has more than one letter under its influence. The first letter of the child´s name should begin with one of the letters ruled over by a particular asterism. A child who was born under Asvini, which presides over the letters Chu - Che - Cho - la was named Chudamani, Chedisa, Cholesa or Lakshmana according to the different steps of the constellations.

According to Baudhayana, the name derived from the constellation was kept secret. It was the second name for greeting the elders and was known to the parents only up to the time of the Upanayana. In the opinion of some authorities the secret name was given on the birth day. About the greeting name Asvalayana also says that it should be selected on the naming day and should be known to the parents only. Saunaka is of the same opinion, "The name by which he should greet the elders after being initiated, should be given to him. Having thought over it, the father should pronounce it closely to the child so that others may not know it. The parents should recollect this name at the time of initiation." The name derived form the Nakshatra was vitally connected with the life of the individual. So it was kept secret less enemies may do mischief to the man through it.

Name according to aksara corresponding to nakshatra:

Each naksatra is divided into four equal parts. Each part is assigned a syllable. After determining which nakshatra and which quarter of the nakshatra that the child was born in, a name shoul be chosen which begins with syllable corresponding to the particular quarter of the nakshatra. Any syllable with an "o" sound may substitute an "au" sound. An syllable with an "e" sound may substitute an "ai" sound. "S" may be substituted for "s".

Nakshatra at birth: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quarters or padas of it:asvina cu, ce, co, labharani li, lu, le, lokrtikka a, i, u, e

rohini o, ba, bi, bumrga sirsa be, bo, ka, kiardra ku, gha, na, chapunarvasu ke, ko, ha, hipusya hu, he, ho, daaslesa di, du, de, domagha ma, mi, mu, mepurva phalguni mo, ta, ti, tuuttara phalguni te, to, pa, pihasta pu, sa, na, thacitra pe, po, ra, risvati ru, re, ro, tavisakha ti, tu, te, toanuradha na, ni, nu, nejyestha no, ya, yi, yumula ye, yo, bha, bhipurvasadha bhu, dha, pha, dhauttarasadha bhe, bho, ja, jiabhijit ju, je, jo, khasravana khi, khu, khe, khodhanistha ga, gi, gu, gesatabhisa go, sa, si, su, sa, si, supurva bhadra se, so, se, so, da, diuttara bhadrapada du, tha, jha, na (and tra)revati de, do, ca, ci

According to zodiac sign:

Begining with the letters as follows:21 March/ 20 April mesa / Aries : a, la21 April/ 20 May vrsaba / Taurus; u, va, i, e, o21 May/ 20 June mithuna /Gemini; ka, cha, bha, na21 June/ 20 July karkara / Cancer; bha, ha21 July/20 Aug simha / Leo: ta, ?21 Aug/ 20Sept kanya / Virgo; pa, tha, ya, na21 Sept/ 20 Oct tula / Libra: ra, tav21 Oct/ 20 Nov vrsicha / Scorpio; na, ya21 Nov/ 20 Dec dhanus / Sagitarius: bha, bha, pha, dha21 Dec/ 20 Jan makara /Capricorn; tha, ja21 Jan/ 20 Feb kumbha /Aquarius: ga, sa21 Feb/ 20 March mina / Pisces: da, ca na, jha

Name after Month deity

The second mode of naming was based on the deity of the month in which the child was born. According to Gargya, the names of the deities of months beginning from Margasirsa are Karnna, Ananta, Achyuta, Chakri, Vaikuntha, Janardana, Upendra, Yjnapurusa, Vasudeva, hari, Yogisa, and Pundarikaksa. The child was given a second name connected with the deity of the month. The above names are all of Vaisnava sect and they originated much later than the sutra period.

Name after Family deity

The third name was given according to the family deity. A family deity was a god or goddess worshipped in a family or tribe from every early times. The people naming a child after it thought that the child would enjoy special protection of the deity. The deity may be Vedic e.g. Indra, Soma, varuna, Mitra, Prajapati, or Puranic e.g. Krishna, rama, Sankara, Ganesa etc. While naming the child, the word Dasa or Bhakta (a devotee) was added to the name of the deity.

Popular Name

The last mode of naming was popular.The formation of this name mainly depended on the culture and education of the family.

Forbidden or prohibited names

The following female names should be avoided.

Names after a constellation such as Rohini, Revati etc. should be avoided. Names of trees and plants such as Champa, Tulasi etc., Names of rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati etc. Names formed on the basis of lowering merit like ChandaliNames of mountains like Vindhyachal, Himalaya,etc.,Names of birds like Kokila, Hansa etc., Names of snakes such as Sarpini, Nagin, etc

Names suggestive of menial servants or other orderlies like Dasi, kinkakari etc., Names that create an awe or fear like Bheema, Bhayankari, Chandika etc.,. The above types of names are prohibited names for female children.

The scriptural authority for the above prohibitions is taken from Manu Smriti 3/9. Which reads as follows:"Let him not marry a maiden named after a constellation, a tree, or a river, nor one bearing the name of a low caste, or of a mountain, nor one named after a bird, a snake, or a slave, nor one whose name inspires terror."

If the child is female, the name should be of one or three or five letters like Shree, Hrihi, Yashoda, Sukhada, Saubhagyaprada etc. According to Asvalayana, the names of boys should have an even number of syllables. A two-syllable name will bring material prosperity and fame and a four syllable name will bring religious fame.

The‍following‍list‍of‍nakshatras‍gives‍the‍corresponding‍regions‍of‍sky,‍following‍Basham.[4]

No

.Name Associated stars Description Image

1Ashvini

"wife‍of‍the‍Ashvins"β and γ Arietis

Lord:‍Ketu‍(South‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol :‍Horse's‍head

Deity : Ashvins,‍the‍horse-

headed‍twins‍who‍are‍physicians‍

to‍the‍gods

Indian zodiac:‍0°‍-‍13°20'‍

Mesha

Western zodiac 26°‍Aries‍-‍

9°20'‍Taurus

2;‍

7

Bharani

"the‍bearer"35, 39,‍and 41 Arietis

Lord:‍Shukra‍(Venus)

Symbol:‍Yoni,‍the‍female‍

organ‍of‍reproduction

Deity: Yama, god‍of‍

death or Dharma

Indian zodiac:‍13°‍20'‍-‍

26°40'‍Mesha

Western zodiac 9°‍20'‍-‍22°‍

40'‍Taurus

3

Krittika

an‍old‍name‍of‍the‍

Pleiades;‍personified‍as‍

the‍nurses‍

of Kārttikeya,‍a‍son‍of‍

Shiva.

Pleiades

Lord: Surya (Sun)

Symbol: Knife or spear

Deity : Agni,‍god‍of‍fire

Indian zodiac:‍

26°40' Mesha -‍10°‍Vrishabha

Western zodiac 22°‍40'‍

Taurus‍-‍6°‍Gemini

4;‍

9

Rohini

"the‍red‍one",‍a‍name‍

of Aldebaran.‍Also‍

known‍as brāhmī

Aldebaran

Lord: Chandra (Moon)

Symbol:‍Cart‍

or chariot, temple, banyan‍tree

Deity : Brahma or Prajapati, t

he‍Creator

Indian zodiac:‍10°‍-‍23°20'‍

Vrishabha

Western zodiac 6°‍-‍19°20'‍

Gemini

5;‍

3

Mrigashīrsha

"the‍deer's‍head".‍Also‍

known‍as āgrahāyaṇī

λ,‍φ Orionis Lord:‍Mangala‍(Mars)

Symbol:‍Deer's‍head

Deity: Soma, Chandra,‍the‍

Moon‍god

Indian zodiac:‍23°‍20'‍

Vrishabha‍-‍6°‍40'‍Mithuna

Western zodiac:‍19°20'‍

Gemini‍-‍2°40'‍Cancer

6;‍

4

Ardra

"the‍moist‍one"Betelgeuse

Lord:‍Rahu‍(North‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol:‍Teardrop,‍diamond,‍

a‍human‍head

Deity : Rudra,‍the‍storm‍god

Indian zodiac:‍6°‍40'‍-‍20°‍

Mithuna

Western zodiac:‍2°‍40'‍-‍16°‍

Cancer

7;‍

5

Punarvasu (dual)

"the‍two‍restorers‍of‍

goods",‍also‍known‍

asyamakau "the‍two‍

chariots"

Castor and Pollux

Lord:‍Guru‍(Jupiter)

Symbol :‍Bow‍and‍quiver

Deity : Aditi,‍mother‍of‍the‍

gods

Indian zodiac:‍20°‍Mithuna‍-‍

3°20'‍Karka

Western zodiac 16°‍-‍29°20'‍

Cancer

8;‍

6

Pushya

"the‍nourisher",‍also‍

known‍

as sidhya or tiṣya

γ, δ and θ Cancri

Lord: Shani (Saturn)

Symbol :‍Cow's‍udder, lotus,‍

arrow‍and‍circle

Deity : Bṛhaspati,‍priest‍of‍

the‍gods

Indian zodiac:‍3°20'‍-

16°40' Karka

Western zodiac 29°20'‍

Cancer‍-‍12°40' Leo

9;‍

7

Āshleshā

"the‍embrace"

δ,‍ε,‍η,‍ρ,‍and σ‍‍Hydrae‍ ‍ Lord:‍Budh‍(Mercury)

Symbol:‍Serpent

Deity :‍Sarpas‍or Nagas,‍

deified‍snakes

Indian zodiac:‍16°40'‍-‍30°‍

Karka

Western zodiac 12°40'‍-‍26°‍

Leo

10;‍

15

Maghā

"the‍bountiful"Regulus

Lord:‍Ketu‍(south‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol :‍Royal‍Throne

Deity : Pitrs,‍'The‍Fathers',‍

family‍ancestors

Indian zodiac:‍0°‍-‍13°20'‍

Simha

Western zodiac 26°‍Leo‍-‍

9°20'‍Virgo

11Pūrva Phalgunī

"first‍reddish‍one"δ and θ Leonis

Lord:‍Shukra‍(Venus)

Symbol :‍Front‍legs‍of‍bed,‍

hammock,‍fig‍tree

Deity : Bhaga,‍god‍of‍marital‍

bliss‍and‍prosperity

Indian zodiac:‍13°20'‍-‍

26°40'‍Simha

Western zodiac 9°20'‍-‍

22°40'‍Virgo

12 Uttara Phalgunī

"second‍reddish‍one"

Denebola Lord:‍Surya‍(Sun)

Symbol:‍Four‍legs‍of‍bed,‍

hammock

Deity : Aryaman,‍god‍of‍

patronage‍and‍favours

Indian zodiac:‍26°40'‍Simha-‍

10°‍Kanya

Western zodiac 22°40'‍Virgo‍

-‍6°‍Libra

13Hasta

"the‍hand"α, β, γ, δ and ε Corvi

Lord:‍Chandra‍(Moon)

Symbol:‍Hand‍or‍fist

Deity : Saviti or Surya,‍the‍

Sun‍god

Indian zodiac:‍10°‍-‍23°20'‍

Kanya

Western zodiac 6°‍-‍19°20'‍

Libra

14

Chitra

"the‍bright‍one",‍a‍

name‍of‍Spica

Spica

Lord:‍Mangala‍(Mars)

Symbol:‍Bright‍jewel‍or‍pearl

Deity : Tvastar or Vishvakar

man,‍the‍celestial‍architect

Indian zodiac:‍23°20'‍Kanya‍

-‍6°40'‍Tula

Western zodiac:‍19°20'‍Libra‍

-‍2°40'‍Scorpio

15

Svāti

"Su-Ati‍(sanskrit)‍Very‍

good"‍name‍of‍Arcturus

Arcturus

Lord:‍Rahu‍(north‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol:‍Shoot‍of‍plant,‍coral

Deity : Vayu,‍the‍Wind‍god

Indian zodiac:‍6°40'‍-‍20°‍

Tula

Western zodiac 2°40'‍-‍16°‍

Scorpio

16;‍

14

Visakha

"forked,‍having‍

branches";‍also‍known‍

as rādhā"the‍gift"

α, β, γ and ι Librae Lord:‍Guru‍(Jupiter)

Symbol :‍Triumphal‍arch,‍

potter's‍wheel

Deity : Indra,‍chief‍of‍the‍

gods; Agni,‍god‍of‍Fire

Indian zodiac:‍20°‍Tula‍-‍

3°20'‍Vrishchika

Western zodiac 16°‍-‍29°20'‍

Scorpio

17Anuradha

"following rādhā"β, δ and π Scorpionis

Lord:‍Shani‍(Saturn)

Symbol :‍Triumphal‍

archway,‍lotus

Deity : Mitra,‍one‍of‍Adityas‍

of‍friendship‍and‍partnership

Indian zodiac:‍3°20'‍-‍16°40'‍

Vrishchika

Western zodiac 29°20'‍

Scorpio‍-‍12°40'‍Sagittarius

18;‍

16

Jyeshtha

"the‍eldest,‍most‍

excellent"

α, σ,‍and τ‍‍Scorpionis‍ ‍

Lord:‍Budh‍(Mercury)

Symbol :‍circular‍amulet,‍

umbrella,‍earring

Deity : Indra,‍chief‍of‍the‍

gods

Indian zodiac:‍16°40'‍-‍30°‍

Vrishchika

Western zodiac 12°40'‍-‍26°‍

Sagittarius

19;‍

17

Mula

"the‍root"

ε,‍ζ, η, θ,‍

ι, κ, λ, μand ν Scorpionis

Lord:‍Ketu‍(south‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol :‍Bunch‍of‍roots‍tied‍

together,‍elephant‍goad

Deity : Nirrti,‍goddess‍of‍

dissolution‍and‍destruction

Indian zodiac:‍0°‍-‍13°20'‍

Dhanus

Western zodiac 26°‍

Sagittarius‍-‍9°20'‍Capricorn

20;‍

18

Purva Ashadha

"first‍of‍

the aṣāḍhā", aṣāḍhā "t

he‍invincible‍one"‍being‍

the‍name‍of‍a‍

constellation

δ and ε Sagittarii

Lord:‍Shukra‍(Venus)

Symbol:‍Elephant‍tusk,‍fan,‍

winnowing‍basket

Deity : Apah,‍god‍of‍Water

Indian zodiac:‍13°20'‍-‍

26°40'‍Dhanus

Western zodiac 9°20'‍-‍

22°40'‍Capricorn

21Uttara Ashadha

"second‍of‍the aṣāḍhā"ζ and σ Sagittarii

Lord:‍Surya‍(Sun)

Symbol :‍Elephant‍tusk,‍

small‍bed

Deity : Visvedevas,‍universal‍

gods

Indian zodiac:‍26°40'‍

Dhanus‍-‍10°‍Makara

Western zodiac 22°40'‍

Capricorn‍-‍6°‍Aquarius

22;‍

20

Abhijit

"victorious"[5]α, ε and‍ζ Lyrae -Vega Lord: Brahma

23;‍

20Sravana α, β and γ Aquilae

Lord:‍Chandra‍(Moon)

Symbol :‍Ear‍or‍Three‍

Footprints

Deity : Vishnu,‍preserver‍of‍

universe

Indian zodiac:‍10°‍-‍23°20'‍

Makara

Western zodiac 6°‍-‍19°20'‍

Aquarius

24;‍

21;‍

23

Dhanishta

"most‍famous",‍

also Shravishthā "swifte

st"

α to δ‍Delphini Lord:‍Mangala‍(Mars)

Symbol :‍Drum‍or‍flute

Deity :‍Eight vasus,‍deities‍of‍

earthly‍abundance

Indian zodiac:‍23°20'‍

Makara‍-‍6°40'‍Kumbha

Western zodiac 19°20'‍

Aquarius‍-‍2°40'‍Pisces

24;‍

22

Shatabhisha

"requiring a hundred

physicians"

γ‍Aquarii

Lord:‍Rahu‍(north‍lunar‍

node)

Symbol :‍Empty‍circle,‍1,000‍

flowers‍or‍stars

Deity : Varuna,‍god‍of‍

cosmic‍waters,‍sky‍and‍earth

Indian zodiac:‍6°40'‍-‍20°‍

Kumbha ; Western zodiac 2°40'‍-‍

16°‍Pisces

25;‍

3

Purva Bhadrapada

"the‍first‍of‍the‍blessed‍

feet"

α and β Pegasi

Lord:‍Guru‍(Jupiter)

Symbol :‍Swords‍or‍two‍front‍

legs‍of‍funeral‍cot,‍man‍with‍two‍

faces

Deity : Ajikapada,‍an‍

ancient‍fire‍dragon

Indian zodiac:‍20°‍Kumbha‍-‍

3°20'‍Meena ;Western zodiac 16°‍

-‍29°20'‍Pisces

26;‍

4

Uttara Bhādrapadā

"the‍second‍of‍the‍

blessed‍feet"

γ Pegasi and α‍‍Andromed‍ ‍

ae

Lord:‍Shani‍(Saturn)

Symbol :‍Twins,‍back‍legs‍of‍

funeral‍cot,‍snake‍in‍the‍water

Deity : Ahir Budhyana,‍

serpent‍or‍dragon‍of‍the‍deep

Indian zodiac:‍3°20'‍-‍16°40'‍

Meena ; Western zodiac 29°20'‍

Pisces‍-‍12°40'‍Aries

27;‍

5

Revati

"prosperous"ζ Piscium

Lord:‍Budh‍(Mercury)

Symbol :‍Fish‍or‍a‍pair‍of‍

fish,‍drum

Deity : Pushan,‍nourisher,‍

the‍protective‍deity

Indian zodiac:‍16°40'‍-‍30°‍

Meena

Western zodiac 12°40'‍-‍26°‍

Aries

The‍27‍Nakshatras‍cover‍13°20’‍of‍the ecliptic each.‍Each‍Nakshatra‍is‍also‍divided‍into‍quarters‍or padas of 3°20’, and the below table lists the appropriate starting sound to name the child. The 27 nakshatras, each with 4 padas, give 108, which is the number of beads in a japa mala, indicating all the elements (ansh) of Vishnu:

# Name Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Pada 4

1 Ashwini‍(अश्वि�नि�) चु�‍Chu चु�‍Che चु‍Cho ला�‍La

2 Bharani (भरणी�) ला�‍Li ला�‍Lu ला�‍Le ला‍Lo

3 Kritika (कृ� श्वि�कृ�) अ‍A ई‍I उ‍U ए‍E

4 Rohini(रनि�णी�) ओ‍O वा�‍Va/Ba वा�‍Vi/Bi वा�‍Vu/Bu

5 Mrigashīrsha(म्रृ�गशी�र्षा��) वा�‍Ve/Be वा‍Vo/Bo कृ�‍Ka कृ�‍Ke

6 Ārdrā (आर्द्रा��) कृ� ‍Ku घ‍Gha ङ‍Ng/Na छ‍Chha

7 Punarvasu (पु��वा�सु�) कृ� ‍Ke कृ‍Ko ��‍Ha ��‍Hi

8 Pushya (पु�ष्य) हु‍Hu ��‍He �‍Ho ड‍Da

9 Āshleshā (आश्ले�र्षा�) ड�‍Di ड�‍Du ड�‍De ड‍Do

10 Maghā (मघ�) म�‍Ma म�‍Mi म�‍Mu म�‍Me

11 Pūrva‍or Pūrva‍Phalgunī (पु�वा�‍फा�ल्ग���) �‍Mo टा�‍Ta टा0‍Ti टा�‍Tu

12 Uttara‍or Uttara‍Phalgunī (उ�र‍फा�ल्ग���) टा�‍Te टा‍To पु�‍Pa पु�‍Pi

13 Hasta (�स्त) पु�‍Pu र्षा‍Sha णी‍Na ठ‍Tha

14 Chitra (चिचुत्रा�) पु�‍Pe पु‍Po र�‍Ra र�‍Ri

15 Svātī (स्वा�नित) रू‍Ru र�‍Re र‍Ro त�‍Ta

16 Viśākhā (निवाशी�खा�) त�‍Ti त�‍Tu त�‍Te त‍To

17 Anurādhā‍(अ��र�धा�) ��‍Na ��‍Ni ��‍Nu ��‍Ne

18 Jyeshtha (ज्य�ष्ठा�) �‍No य�‍Ya य�‍Yi य�‍Yu

19 Mula (म�ला) य�‍Ye य‍Yo भ�‍Bha भ�‍Bhi

20 Pūrva‍Ashādhā (पु�वा��र्षा�ढ़ा�) भ�‍Bhu धा�‍Dha फा�‍Bha/Pha ढा�‍Dha

21 Uttara‍A‍ ‍ṣ‍‍ā‍‍ḍ‍‍hā‍ ‍ (उ�र�र्षा�ढ़ा�) भ�‍Bhe भ‍Bho जा�‍Ja जा�‍Ji

22 Śrāva‍ ‍ṇ‍‍a‍‍ (श्र‍ा�वाणी) खा�‍Ju/Khi खा�‍Je/Khu खा�‍Jo/Khe खा‍Gha/Kho

23 Śrāviṣṭha‍(श्रनिवाष्ठा�)‍or Dhanishta ग�‍Ga ग�‍Gi ग�‍Gu ग�‍Ge

24 Shatabhisha (शीतश्विभर्षा�)or‍Śatataraka ग‍Go सु�‍Sa सु�‍Si सु�‍Su

25 Pūrva‍Bhādrapadā (पु�वा�भ�र्द्रापुदा�) सु�‍Se सु‍So दा�‍Da दा0‍Di

26 Uttara‍Bhādrapadā (उ�रभ�र्द्रापुदा�) दू‍Du थ‍Tha झ‍Jha ञ‍Da/Tra

27 Revati (र�वात�) दा�‍De दा‍Do चु‍Cha चु�‍Chi

Use in astrology[edit source | edit beta ]

Hindu given names[edit source | edit beta ]

Hindu‍astrologers‍(see Jyotisha)‍teach‍that‍when‍a‍child‍is‍born,‍they‍should‍be‍given‍an‍auspicious‍first‍name‍

which‍will‍correspond‍to‍the‍child's‍Nakshatra.‍The‍technique‍for‍deducing‍the‍name‍is‍to‍see‍which‍nakshatra‍the‍

moon‍is‍in‍at‍the‍moment‍of‍birth;‍this‍gives‍four‍possible‍sounds.‍A‍refinement‍is‍to‍pick‍one‍sound‍out‍of‍that‍four‍

that‍relates‍to‍the‍Pada‍or‍division‍of‍the‍Nakshatra.‍Each‍Nakshatra‍has‍four‍Padas‍and‍four‍sounds‍and‍each‍

Pada‍is‍of‍equal‍width.‍The‍Moon‍remains‍in‍each‍Nakshatra‍for‍approximately‍one‍day.

A‍further‍refinement‍or‍opportunity‍is‍to‍instead‍use‍the‍Nakshatra‍that‍the‍ascendent‍resides‍in‍at‍birth.‍The‍same‍

broad‍choice‍of‍sounds‍and‍Padas‍apply,‍but‍now‍the‍sounds‍change‍roughly‍every‍15‍minutes.‍The‍ascendent‍

passes‍through‍all‍27‍Nakshatras‍every‍24‍hours,‍being‍in‍each‍one‍for‍53‍and‍a‍third‍minutes‍of‍time,‍and‍is‍in‍a‍

Pada‍for‍13‍and‍a‍third‍minutes‍of‍time.‍By‍using‍the‍ascendent's‍nakshatra,‍instead‍of‍the‍moon's‍nakshatra‍

leads‍more‍to‍comfort‍of‍the‍Self,‍rather‍than‍comfort‍of‍the‍mother.‍This‍second‍approach‍is‍only‍really‍applicable‍

if‍intuitively‍the‍moon‍approach‍does‍not‍feel‍right.

Electional astrology[edit source | edit beta ]

Constellations‍are‍grouped‍on‍the‍basis‍of‍their‍nature,‍type‍of‍their‍face,‍degree‍of‍their‍beneficence,‍their‍

quarters‍in‍different‍signs,‍with‍reference‍to‍the‍constellation‍occupied‍by‍the‍Sun,‍with‍reference‍to‍the‍birth‍

constellation‍(Janma Nakshatra),‍their‍caste,‍etc.‍The‍current‍constellation‍occupied‍by‍the‍Moon,‍and‍its‍nature‍

forms‍the‍fundamental‍of‍Vedic‍system‍of electional‍astrology (Muhurta).‍Some‍of‍the‍activities‍and‍works‍which‍

are‍associated‍with‍the‍Nakshatras‍are‍given‍below‍based‍on‍their‍fundamental‍nature:

Fixed (Dhruva, Sthira) constellations:

Rohini,‍Uttara‍Bhādrapadā,‍Uttra‍Falguni,‍and‍Uttara‍Ashada

Fixed‍and‍permanent‍nature,‍house,‍village,‍temple,‍entering‍in‍new‍hose-city-temple,‍religious‍works,‍rites‍for‍

getting‍peace,‍propitiation‍of‍portents, Vinayaka Shanti,‍coronation,‍sowing‍of‍seeds,‍planting‍of‍small‍garden,‍

starting‍of‍vocal‍music,‍friendship,‍sexual‍works,‍making‍&‍wearing‍of‍ornaments‍&‍clothes‍may‍be‍auspiciously‍

begun‍/‍effectively‍performed.‍Works‍allocated‍to‍delicate‍&‍friendly‍(Mridu)‍asterisms‍may‍also‍be‍performed.

Movable (Chala , Chara) constellations:

Punarvasu,‍Swaati,‍Sharavana,‍Shatabhishā‍&‍Shravishthā

Related‍to‍motion‍&‍movement,‍riding‍on‍a‍vehicle‍or‍elephant,‍opening‍of‍shop,‍walking‍first‍time,‍walking‍in‍

garden,‍sex,‍making‍jewellery,‍learning‍of‍a‍trait.‍Things‍performed‍in‍Small‍(Laghu)‍constellation‍are‍also‍

effectively‍performed‍in‍the‍Movable‍constellations.

Cruel (Ugra, Karur) constellations:

Magha,‍Bharani,‍Porva‍Palguni,‍Poorva‍Shada,‍&‍Poorva‍Bhadra.

Ambush,‍burning,‍poisoning‍(self‍&‍others),‍making‍&‍using‍weapons‍especially‍related‍to‍fire,‍cheating‍/‍

deception‍/‍wickedness‍/‍craftiness,‍cutting‍&‍destroying,‍controlling‍of‍animals,‍beating‍&‍punishing‍of‍enemy.‍

Works‍allocated‍to‍Sharp‍/‍Horrible‍(Darun)‍asterisms‍are‍also‍successfully‍done‍in‍these‍asterisms.

Mixed (Mishra & Sadharan) constellations

Vishakha‍&‍Krittika.

Fire‍works,‍burning‍of‍sacred‍fire‍(Agnihotra),‍using‍poison,‍fearsome‍works,‍arresting,‍adulteration‍(mixing),‍

donation‍of‍ox‍to‍get‍one’s‍desires‍fulfilled‍(Vrashotsarga).‍Works‍prescribed‍under‍cruel‍(Ugra, Karur)‍

constellations‍may‍also‍be‍performed.‍As‍per‍N.S.‍works‍of‍Sweet‍/‍delicate‍&‍friendly‍(Mridu & Maitri)‍

constellations‍can‍also‍be‍included.

Small (Laghu & Kshipra) constellations

Hasta,‍Abhijit,‍Pushya,‍and‍Ashvini.

Selling,‍medical‍knowledge,‍using‍&‍handling‍of‍medicines,‍literature-music-art,‍the‍64‍Kala‍Shilpa‍(various‍arts,‍

sculpture‍etc.)‍jewellery‍making‍&‍wearing,‍sexual‍intercourse.‍And‍the‍works‍prescribed‍for‍Movable‍(Char)‍

constellations.‍Though‍Abhijit‍is‍included‍in‍Small‍group‍of‍asterisms,‍but‍is‍rarely‍referred‍in‍the‍Muhurt‍

prescriptions.

Sweet/Delicate & Friendly (Mridu & Maitri) constellations

Mrigashīrsha,‍Chitra,‍Anuradha‍and‍Revati.

Starting‍&‍learning‍singing‍of‍songs,‍clothes‍&‍jewellery‍making‍&‍wearing,‍Manglik‍works,‍matter‍related‍to‍

friends,‍female‍company,‍enjoyments,‍sexual‍passions.

Sharp & Horrible ( Teekshan & Darun ) constellations:

Jyeshta,‍Ardra,‍Ashlesha,‍and‍Moola

Charm‍or‍spell‍causing‍disease‍or‍death,‍hypnotism,‍sorcery;‍ghost,‍ambush,‍horror,‍murder,‍capture,‍matters‍

related‍to‍secrecy,‍backbiting,‍starting‍of‍quarrel,‍separation,‍matters‍related‍to‍friendship‍&‍breaking‍thereof,‍

training‍&‍tying‍of‍animals,‍pleasure‍works,‍playing‍games,‍getting‍made‍&‍wearing‍of‍new‍dress‍&‍ornaments,‍

starting‍&‍learning‍singing‍of‍songs,‍entering‍into‍village‍/‍city,‍peaceful‍&‍developmental‍works.

Names in modern languages[edit source | edit beta ]

The names of nakshatras in other languages are adapted from the Sanskrit variation (apabhramsa) through Pali or Prakrit. The variations evolved for easier pronunciation in popular usage.

#Sanskrit

सं�स्कृ� तम्�Tamil

தமி�ழ்Telugu

తెలు�గు�Kannada

ಕನ್ನ�ಡMalayalam

മലയാ�ളം�Mongolian

1Ashvinī

अश्वि���Aswini

அஸ்வி�னி�Ashwini

అశ్వి�నిAshwini

ಅಶ್ವಿ�ನಿAshvati

അശ്വ�തു�Шийдэм

2Bharanī

भरणी�Paraṇi

பரணி�Bharani

భరణిBharani

ಭರಣಿBharaṇi

ഭംരംണി�Гоё‍хүүхэн

3Krittikā

कृ� श्वि�कृ�Kārttikai

கா�ர்த்தி�கைகாKritika

కృత్తి�కృKritika

ಕೃತ್ತಿ�ಕಾ

Kārttika

കർത്തി�ക

Нэг‍эхт‍

зургаан‍

хөвгүүн

4Rohini

रनि�णी�Rōkiṇi

ரோர�கா�ணி�Rohini

రోహిణిRohini

ರೋ��ಹಿಣಿRōhiṇi

മേരംഹി�ണി�Чөлөөт‍эх

5Mrigashīrsha

म्रृ�गशी�र्षा��Mirugacīriṭam

மி�ருகாசீர�டம்Mrigasira‍మృగశ్విర

Mrigashira

ಮೃಗಶ್ವಿರMakayiram

മകയി�രം�Гөрөөсөн‍

толгой

6Ārdrā

आर्द्रा�Tiruvātirai

தி�ருவி�தி�கைரArudra

ఆర�ద్ర�Ardra

ಆರ್ದ್ರ��

Ātira‍or‍

Tiruvātira

ആതു�രം‍(തു�രം�വൃതു�രം)

Хэрцгий‍

охин

7Punarvasu

पु��वा�सु�Punarpūsam

புனிர்பூசம்Punarvasu

పునర�సు�Punarvasu

ಪುನರ್ವ�ಸು�Puṇartam

പു�ണിർതു�Өглөгт‍охин

8Pushya

पु�ष्यPūsam

பூசம்Pushya

పుష్య�Pushyami

ಪುಷ್ಯ�Pūyam

പു$യി�Найралт‍эх

9Āshleshā

आश्ळे�र्षा�‍/‍आश्ले�र्षा�āyilyam

ஆயி�ல்யிம்Ashlesha

ఆశ్లే�ష్యAshlesha

ಆಶ್ಲೇ �ಷ್ಯĀyilyam

ആയി�ലാം%�Үнэг

1

0

Maghā

मघ�Makam

மிகாம்Maghaa

మృఘMagha

ಮೃಘMakam

മക�Их‍морь

1

1

Pūrva‍or Pūrva‍Phalgunī

पु�वा�‍फा�ल्ग���Pūram

பூரம்Pubba

పుబ్బ�/పూర�Poorva

ಪೂರ್ವ�/ಪುಬ್ಬ$Pūram

പു$രം�Бага‍морь

1

2

Uttara‍or Uttara‍

Phalgunī

उ�र‍फा�ल्ग���

Uttiram

உத்தி�ரம்Uttara

ఉత్త�రUttara

ಉತ್ತ�ರಾ Utram

ഉത്രംതു�Харцага

1

3

Hasta

�स्तAstham

அஸ்திம்Hasta

హసు�Hastaa

ಹಸು�Attam

അത്തി�Тугчин

1

4

Chitrā

चिचुत्रा�Chittirai

ச�த்தி�கைரChittaa

చిత్త�Chitra

ಚಿತ್ತ�

Chittira

ചി�ത്തി�രം‍(ചി�ത്രംതു)

Тэргүүн‍

дагуул

1

5

Svātī

स्वा�त�suwāti

சுவி�தி�Swaati

స్వా�త్తిSwathi

ಸ್ವಾ �ತ್ತಿChōti

മേചിതു�Салхины‍эх

1

6

Vishākhā

निवाशी�खा�Visākam

வி�ச�காம்Vishaakha

విశాఖVishakha

ವಿಶಾ ಖVishākham

വൃ�ശ്വഖം�Эрхтний‍

тэнгэрт

1

7

Anurādhā

अ��र�धा�Anusham

அனுஷம்Anuraadha

అన�రాధAnuradha

ಅನ�ರಾ ಧಾ Anizham

അനു�ഴം�Гар‍од

1

8

Jyeshtha

ज्य�ष्ठा�Kēṭṭai

ரோகாட்கைடJyesthaa

జ్యే�ష్య*Jyestha

ಜ್ಯೇ��ಷ್ಯ0

Kēṭṭa‍

(Trikkēṭṭa)

മേകട്ട‍(തു�മേക്കട്ട)

Хонгорцог

1

9

Mūla

म�लाMūlam

மூலம்Moolaa

మృ+లMoola

ಮೃ�ಲಾ Mūlam

മ$ലാം�Онгоц

2 Pūrva‍Ashādhā Pūrāṭam Poorvashaadha Poorvashadha Pūrāṭam Суулга

0 पु�वा��र्षा�ढा� பூர�டம் పూరా�షాఢ ಪುರ್ವಾ �ಷಾ ಢ പു$രംടം�

2

1

Uttara‍Ashādhā

उ�र�र्षा�ढा�Uttirāṭam

உத்தி�ர�டம்Uttarashaadha

ఉత్త�రాషాఢUttarashadha

ಉತ್ತ�ರಾ ಷಾ ಢUtrāṭam

ഉത്രംതുടം�Элдэв‍

тэнгэртэн

2

2

Shravana

श्रवाणीTiruvōnam

தி�ருரோவி�ணிம்Shravana

శ్ర0వణShravana

ಶ್ರ�ರ್ವಣ

Tiruvōnam

ഓണി�‍(തു�രം�മേവൃണി�)

Булаагч/

Яруу‍эгшигт

2

3

Shravishthā‍

or Dhanishta

श्रनिवाष्ठा�‍or‍धानि�ष्ठा�

Aviṭṭam

அவி�ட்டம்Dhanishta

ధనిష్య*Dhanishta

ಧನಿಷ್ಯ0Aviṭṭam

അവൃ�ട്ട�Тооно

2

4

Shatabhishā or‍

Shatataraka

शीतश्विभर्षा�‍/‍शीतत�रकृ�

Sadayam

சதியிம்Shatabhisham

శ్రత్తభిష్య4Shatabhisha

ಶ್ರತ್ತಭಿಷ್ಯChatayam

ചിതുയി�Чөдөр

2

5

Pūrva‍Bhādrapadā

पु�वा�भ�र्द्रापुदा�‍/‍पु�वा�प्रोष्ठापुदा�Pūraṭṭādhi

பூரட்ட�தி�Poorvabhadraa

పూర�‍భాద్ర�పద్ర

Poorva‍

Bhadrapada

ಪೂರ್ವ�‍ಭಾ ರ್ದ್ರ�ಪರ್ದ್ರ

Pūruruṭṭāti

പു$രം�രം�ട്ടതു�

Шувуун‍

хошуут

2

6

Uttara‍Bhādrapadā

उ�रभ�र्द्रापुदा�‍/‍उ�रप्रोष्ठापुदा�Uttṛṭṭādhi

உத்தி�ரட்ட�தி�Uttaraa‍bhadra

ఉత్త�ర‍భాద్ర�పద్ర

Uttara‍

Bhadrapada

ಉತ್ತ�ರ‍ಭಾ ರ್ದ್ರ�ಪರ್ದ್ರ

Uttṛṭṭāti

ഉത്രംതുട്ടതു�Могой‍

хүлэгч

2

7

Revati

र�वात�Rēvathi

ரோரவிதி�Revati

రేవత్తిRevati

ರೋ�ರ್ವತ್ತಿRēvati

മേരംവൃതു�Дэлгэрүүлэг

ч

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