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Parshat Vayeira 5773
Rabbi Shaanan Gelman
Seeing the Angel in Every Man and the Man in Every Angel
Our Sidra twice deals with the theme of Hachnasat Orchim, of inviting
and taking care of guests. The opening narrative deals with Avraham as
the , the host, and the second instance is of Lot serving as
the host.
Lets begin with Avraham: Hardly in a position to welcome guests,
having just undergone a Brit Milah at the age of 99, three strangers
appear at his door:
II Avraham Welcomes Guests
1 And the LORD appeared unto him by the
terebinths of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door
in the heat of the day; 2 and he lifted up his eyesand looked, and, lo, three men stood over
against him; and when he saw them, he ran to
meet them from the tent door, and bowed
down to the earth, 3 and said: 'My lord, if now I
have found favour in thy sight, pass not away, I
pray thee, from thy servant. 4 Let now a little
water be fetched, and wash your feet, and
recline yourselves under the tree. 5 And I will
fetch a morsel of bread, and stay ye your heart;after that ye shall pass on; forasmuch as ye are
come to your servant.' And they said: 'So do, as
thou hast said.' 6 And Abraham hastened into
the tent unto Sarah, and said: 'Make ready
quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it,
and make cakes.' 7 And Abraham ran unto the
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herd, and fetched a calf tender and good, and
gave it unto the servant; and he hastened to
dress it. 8 And he took curd, and milk, and the
calf which he had dressed, and set it before
them; and he stood by them under the tree, andthey did eat.
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Avrahams guests, three unidentified , are treated as princes - he
provides them with water to wash their feet as well as to drink, bread
and freshly baked cakes, and a place to rest. Avrahams extraordinary
efforts thus make him the prototype for the mitzvah of Hachnasat
Orchim (welcoming guests). In fact, the Chafetz Chaim ( ,
" ) uses Avraham Avinu as the case study through which he
extrapolates the laws of welcoming guests.
Not withstanding Avrahams noteworthy conduct, as we move on to
the next chapter in the Parsha it seems as if there is another contender
for the award of best host:
1 And the two angels came to Sodom at even;
and Lot sat in the gate of Sodom; and Lot saw
them, and rose up to meet them; and he fell
down on his face to the earth; 2 and he said:
'Behold now, my lords, turn aside, I pray you,
into your servant's house, and tarry all night,
and wash your feet, and ye shall rise up early,
and go on your way.' And they said: 'Nay; but
we will abide in the broad place all night.'3
Andhe urged them greatly; and they turned in unto
him, and entered into his house; and he made
them a feast, and did bake unleavened bread,
and they did eat. 4 But before they lay down,
the men of the city, even the men of Sodom,
compassed the house round, both young and
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old, all the people from every quarter. 5 And
they called unto Lot, and said unto him: 'Where
are the men that came in to thee this night?
bring them out unto us, that we may know
them.' 6 And Lot went out unto them to thedoor, and shut the door after him. 7 And he
said: 'I pray you, my brethren, do not so
wickedly. 8 Behold now, I have two daughters
that have not known man; let me, I pray you,
bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as
is good in your eyes; only unto these men do
nothing; forasmuch as they are come under the
shadow of my roof.'
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Much like Avraham, Lot welcomes guests into his home. He too
provides his visitors with water to wash their feet, something to eat and
drink as well as a place to rest and recharge their batteries.
Much like Avraham, Lot had to perform the mitzvah under less than
ideal circumstances while he had not had a Bris Milah 2 days earlier,
there existed a law in Sdom which prohibited welcoming guests. Thepenalty for violating this law was death.
Worse yet, when the house was surrounded by the angry hordes of
fiendish brutes who demanded that the guests be sent outside the
home, Lot refuses, carefully locks the door between him and his guests
and proceeds to volunteer his own daughters in place of his precious
.
If someone were to be the prototype of the greatest
example of going to extremes on behalfof ones guests, it ought to be
Lot!
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Furthermore, if one looks at the way in which the guests are greeted,
Lot goes out of his way to bow down before his guests, fully prostrating
himself before them:
"
"
In contrast, when Avraham first welcomed his guests he bows but the
word is not written, so as to suggest that his bow was incomplete:
"
"
Why then do we learn the mitzvah of Hachnasat Orchim from Avraham
and not Lot, who seems to be every bit as hospitable and perhaps even
more so than his uncle!?
There is one slight difference1
between the two instances: when the
visitors approached Avraham, he saw them as , whereas Lot sawhis guests as .
Why the distinction? According to , the guests were
indeed the very Angels, , and yet Avraham
surprisingly sees them as .
Rashi (in his second explanation) deals with the disparity:
"
1
Another subtle distinction is the fact that Lot prepared Matzot for his guests whereas Avraham prepared bread,
the Siftei Chachamim points out that we have a tradition that it was Pesach at the time they visited Lot. A possible
significance of this might be that Pesach is not just a time in which the Jewish Children went free from slavery but
rather it is a time in which everyone and everything in nature experiences a redemptionLots emancipation from
Sdom therefore takes place on Pesach.
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().
,:
Avraham, he explains, who was of great strength and spiritual stature
and who was frequented by , saw the Angels as mere mortals.
Lot, however, to whom a was a once in a lifetime visitor, saw his
guests in the form of Angels.
The , Rav Yosef Shaul HaLevi Nathanson2
elaborates upon
Rashi:
, , " "
. ,
," ,
To Avraham, who loved and respected every human being, he saw
them as men, for he was able to treat them with dignity no matter who
they were, but Lot only allowed individuals of prestige and of high
regard to enter his home so naturally, all that he sees in front of his
eyes are .
In this slight variation we learn a great deal about the nature of the
mitzvah of Hachnasat Orchim.
The essence of the mitzvah lies in the way in which we view others as
they enter our home. Hachnasat Orchim is about turning every regular
Joe into a prince, to see every encounter as precious, and to bring out
the fine china for whomever should come our way. The Lots of theworld only roll out the red carpet for guests with a certain number of
0s in their bank statements but Avraham does not discriminate.
2Paraphrased in the sefer ,
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There is another layer to Avrahams conduct as well: Not only does he
treat everyone with respect, he teaches us something important about
dealing with those who are considered the upper echelons of society.
Avraham takes the and for the first time in that persons life,treats him as a normal human being.
Imagine what life must be like for the wealthiest, most intelligent and
most revered member of society. He is accustomed to everyone doting
over him, to institutions, Yeshivot and charities salivating every time he
walks into the room. No one ever sees this man or any of his family
members as a human being, instead they see little dollar signs in his
eyes in the place of pupils. He hasnt a heartbeat or a soul, he is just a
moneybag. And most of the world is like Lot, but Avrahams
heightened sensitivity allows him to see beyond the charade and to find
a real genuine encounter, where others could not.
Children are able to do this, to really look beyond the faade and see
the truth.
Someone in our neighborhood told me a story that when she was a
little girl she met Menachem Begin and said that she noticed the
birthmark on his face and started to point at it and ask him questions
about it. Because to a pure soul like a child or like Avraham Avinu, it is
easy to treat anyone like a regular human being.
And the same thing applies when dealing with the have-nots, and the
otherwise neglected sector of ones community and society when
they come to the door, it is our duty as the descendents of Avraham
Avinu to see how important such a person truly is.
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How do we respond when someone comes to our home? This past
Wednesday evening, I was able to experience this personally. Many of
the members of our community were prepared to receive numerous
knocks at the door from many a happy trick-or-treater. Obviously, itgoes without saying that this is not a Yom Tov which we observe in our
faith, though I did see someone in Sams Club with a kippah purchase
an Orange and black Halloween themed candy bowl the other day.
Anyway, I was prepared for the many knocks on the door and was
curious about the kinds of different costumes I would see this year,
maybe an Obama or Romney mask. But the costume I saw surprised
meit was a group of five grown men dressed up as the iconic 70s
rock band ZZ Top. And after doing a double take, I quickly realized
that they werent trick-or-treaters at all, but rather a group of
meshulachim, collecting for Yeshivot and needy individuals.
At a moment of cognitive dissonance like that, when you expect one
thing and discover another, you are forced to process emotionally what
is going on in your head. And I realized something frightening and quite
embarrassing, namely, that I was a little disappointed. Not because I
wanted trick-or-treaters but because I didnt want my fellow Jew who
was coming to me in a time of need. Why do we go out of our way to
purchase candy and some even decorate for some Pagan holiday, when
we cant show the same respect and welcoming attitude towards our
own?
Its because there is something wrong with the way we look at others.
Many of us, are still in high school modality, ever consumed with a
whos in and whos out? attitude. If we find ourselves eager only to
welcome in then we had better take some time to reassess our
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priorities because that is not true Hachnasat Orchim, and it is not the
way of Chesed, the way of Avraham Avinu.
Interestingly enough, if you follow the paths of the descendents of
Avraham and Lot, you will notice that the two who were once so similar
begin to take divergent paths.
Lot has grandchildren through his daughters, their names are &
.
Avraham has a son named Yitzchak, from whom, Yaakov will be born
and eventually the entire . When ELiezer goes to find an
appropriate shidduch for Avrahams son, there is only one criteria he
uses in determining who the lucky girl will beis she a Baalat Chesed,
does she fetch water for her guests?
But there is a peculiar halacha that emerges in the Torah which once
again combines the fate of Lots family with Avrahams:
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An Amonite and Moabite shall not come to join the congregation of
God, not even after ten generations, for all of eternity.
And why are we so harsh when it comes to the Amonites and
Moabites? The Torah elaborates:
()
Because they did not provide you with bread and water when you left
Egypt.
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The descendents of Abraham may not marry the descendents of Lot
because they dont understand chesed and hachnasat Orchim. They
took one look at the Jews knocking at their door and said of what
benefit are they to us?
In the time of when a Moabite changed her tune and acted in a
manner of loving-kindness, providing Naomi with grain (bread) from
the threshing floor, she merited to not only join the family of Avraham
and Sarah, but also to become the mother of , giving rise to King
David.
Because, to the Jewish people, the greatest sign of nobility and istaking care of guests, treating everyone with respect and honor.
Hachnasat Orchim is thus the great equalizer. It deems everyone holy
and declares that everyone is forged in Gods image. To be
the class systems and cliques, snobbery and bullying must all cease to
exist.
We have been tested in this vein this past week. The east coast haswitnessed a storm more devastating than any other in history. In our
own Jewish community, shuls, schools, homes, cars and lives have been
destroyed. I sent out a link yesterday to the OU Hurricane Sandy relief
fund. Please after Shabbat, go online and send them some money,
remember the ways of Avraham. Remember what true Chesed is all
about.
We are indeed blessed to live in a country which affords us the ability
to partake in the democratic process it is in the spirit of Avraham
Avinu which declares every man and every woman the right to choose
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their elected officials. This week, as we cast that vote, remember what
it means that no mans opinion is unimportant or irrelevant.
When Rabbi Akiva Eiger first became a Chatan, he was spending
Shabbos by his father in law. That Shabbos afternoon he was asked a
number of questions in learning by the father-in-laws community
members who had heard the fantastical stories about this young genius
named Akiva Eiger. But to everyones dismay, his answers were terse
one or two word responses. He displayed no mastery and no
scholarship that day. However two days later he gave shiur in the
community which had far surpassed the caliber of any noted Talmid
Chacham in his generation. He was magisterial and commanding, a far
cry from the young timid boy who sat at the table two days earlier.
When his father in law asked him about his conduct he explained
that Shabbos afternoon there was another Chatan and his father in
law in the shul, I did not want to humiliate him and make the brides
father feel as if he was not getting a good deal, so I remained silent.
That is the derech of our people, no one should ever feel like anuntermensch, inadequate or unimportant. Everyone in this room is so
precious, everyones perspective is valued, and everyones spiritual
contribution is desperately needed both to our tzibur and to the
Almighty.