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ǩǰǯǵǭǹǰǱǵ ǽӃǫǮǰǳǬ ǺӃǸǰǱǵ ǩǨǱǫǻǻǳǳǨǫǨǨǹ ҷǯҷҷǳȅǽ ǬȅǴǮǳȅǫ ǹǻǸǫǨǳǺ

ǺӃǸǰǱǵ ǨǳǩǨǵ ǽǨǨǫǿǬǨǬ ǯǶǸǰǻǳǨǪ

ǹȅǬȅǪ: ǽǨǸǰǳǾǨǨǵȃ ǚǹ ǯҷǱ ǩǨ ǹǺǸǭǹǹ ǴǭǵǭǮǴǭǵǺ

ǻȓȈȈȕȉȈȈȚȈȘ ȝȖȚ 2007 Ȗȕȣ 04 șȈȘ

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ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ Ȩș ȏҸȑ ȉȈ șȚȘȍșș ȔȍȕȍȎȔȍȕȚ

ǹǻǸǫǨǳǺȃǵ ǩǨǫǾ ǴǨǺǭǸǰǨǳ

ȅȕȥȝҸҸ șțȘȋȈȓȚȣȕ ȉȈȋȞ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȣȋ Ǩǵǻ-ȣȕ ǶǻǽǨ-ȈȈș șȈȕȝҸҸȎȐȕ ǴȍȘșȐ

ǲȖȘ ǴȖȕȋȖȓ Ƕǻǩ-ȣȕ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ǫȖȊȐȑȕ șȈȕȈȈȟȐȓȈȋȈ ȚӄșȓȐȑȕ “ǫȖȊȤ-

2” ȝӄȚӄȓȉӄȘȐȑȕ ȏȈȝȐȈȓȈȋȈȈȘ "ǩȐȏȕȍșȐȑȕ ȝӄȋȎȐȓȌ ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈȈș

ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝ ȖȘȖȕ ȕțȚȋȐȑȕ ȌȥȔȎȓȥȋ" Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȕȣ ȝҸȘȥȥȕȌ ǶȘȖȕ ȕțȚȋȐȑȕ

ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȏȈȝȐȘȋȈȈȕȣ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟȌȣȕ șțȘȋȈȓȚȈȕȌ ȏȖȘȐțȓȈȕ “ǹȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ

ȚȖȓȤ” șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȏӄȊȓӄȋӄӄ, șțȘȋȈȓȚ, șțȌȈȓȋȈȈ, ȖȕȖȠȓȖȋȖȖȕȣ ȚӄȊȌ ȉȥȓȚȋȥȊ.

ǩȖȓȖȊșȘțțȓșȈȕ: ǩ.ǻțȋȈȕȞȥȞȥȋ ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȟ ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈȕȚ ǩ.ǯȖȓȏȈȧȈ ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȟ ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈȕȚ

ǽ.ǽȈȕȌșҸȘȥȕ ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȟ ǬȖȒȚȖȘȈȕȚ

ÑÝÒÃÝËÈÉÍ ÒÎËÜ ñýòãýë çԛɣɧ ɡԧɜɥԧɝԧԧ, ɫɭɪɝɚɥɬ, ɫɭɞɚɥɝɚɚ, ɨɧɨɲɥɨɝɨɨɧɵ ɬԧɜ 3

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ǽҷǵ ǽҷǸȅȅǳȅǵ ǩǨǱǫǨǨ ǶǸǿǵǶǶ ǽȅǸǽȅǵ ǺǨǵǰǵ ǴȅǬȅǮ, ǹȅǺǫȅǬȅǫ Ǫȅ?

ǩȐȌ ȝҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȖȘȟȐȕ ȦȔș ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȋ ȚȈȘȝȐȕȣ ȚțșȓȈȔȎȚȈȑȋȈȈȘ ȉțȦț ȚȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȥȝ

ȗȘȖȞȍșșțțȌȈȈȘȈȈ ȝҸȘȚȥȎ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȌȈȋ. ҷҸȕȌ: șȥȘȥȓ, ȝҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ, ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ, Ȗȑ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȓȚ, Țӄșӄӄȓӄȓ,

ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȖȌȖȝ, șȥȚȋȥȝҸȑ, ȝȥȓ ȧȘȐȈ ȖȘȕȖ.

ǹȥȘȥȓ. ǹȥȘȥȓ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȥȕȋȐȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȦȔș ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȕ ȈȕȝȌȈȋȟ

ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȚțșȋȈȕ ȚȈȘȝȐȕȌ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȌȥȋ. ȅȌȋȥȥȘȚ ȦȔșȣȕ ȝȥȓȉȥȘ ȝȥȔȎȥȥ, ӄȕȋӄ, ȈȔȚ, ȋȈȌȈȘȋțț, Ȍțț

ȟȐȔȥȥ Ȕӄȕ ӄȊȟȐȕȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȖȘȕȖ. ǹȥȘȥȓ ȕȤ ȦȔș ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ

ȚȈȕȐȝ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞ ȦȔ. ǵȥȋ ҸȋȥȥȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ ȝҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȖȘȟȕȣ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȕȥȋ ȠȐȕȎȐȑȋ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȈȝȣȋ

ȝȥȓȕȥ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȉȖȓȝȐ ȈȔȤȚȈȌ ȌȈȕ ȋȈȕȞ șȥȘȥȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȈ ȎȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ, ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȌțȓȈȈȕȣȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ

ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǽҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ. ǽҸȘȚȥȝҸȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞȈȌ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȉȖȌȐȚȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȉȈ șȥȚȋȥȎ ȉȖȌȖȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȚȈȘȝȐȕȣ ȖȓȖȕ

Ҹȑȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȐȓȥȘȟ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔȥȥș ȝҸȕ ȝҸȘȚȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ ȍȘӄȕȝȐȑȓӄȕ ȉțșȈȌ

ȦȔș ҸȏȥȋȌȥȓȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞțțȓȈȕ ȎȐȠȐȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǶȘȟȕȣ ȦȔș ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȕ ȚȈȓ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȠȐȕȎ,

ȚӄȘӄȓ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȝȥșȥȋ ȕȤ ȝҸȘȚȥȝҸȑȌ ȞȖȋȞ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȚțșȋȈȋȌȈȕȈ. ǽҸȕ ȚȥȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȋ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȝҸȘȚȥȝ

ȉȖȓȖȓȞȖȖȋҸȑ. ȅȌȋȥȥȘ ȖȓȖȕ ҸȑȓȟȓȥȓȐȑȕ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȓȐȑȕ ȌȖȚȘȖȖș ȏӄȊȝӄȕ Ȟӄӄȕ ȝȥșȋȐȑȋ ȝҸȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ

ȚțșȋȈȕ țȝȈȔșȈȘȓȈȕȈ. ǽҸȘȚȥȝҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȖȓȎ ȈȊșȈȕ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȥȥ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȕ ȚȥȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȕ Ȕӄȕ ȟȈȕȈȘ,

ȝӄȋȎȓȐȑȕ ȝțțȓȤ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ, ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ țȧȓȌȈȈ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ҸȑȓȟȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȚȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȌȥȋ. ǩȐȌȕȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȕ

ȉȖȌȖȝ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȕȌ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȕ 5 ȥȘȝȚȥȕ ȔȈȈȕȤ ȖȕȞȋȖȑ ȟțȝȈȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓȚȖȑ. ǽҸȕ ȝȈȘȈȝ,

șȖȕșȖȝ, ȈȔȚȓȈȝ, ҸȕȥȘȓȥȝ, ȝҸȘȚȥȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ȚȈȊȈȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȈȕ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȝҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ ȉțȑ

ȖȘȟȕȣ ȦȔș, ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȋ ȚȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȌȥȋ. ǩȐȌ ȕҸȌȥȥȘȥȥ ȦȔșȣȋ ȝȈȘȎ, ȟȐȝȥȥȘȥȥ Ȍțț ȟȐȔȥȥȋ șȖȕșȖȎ,

ȝȥȓȥȥȘȥȥ ȈȔȚȣȋ ȔȥȌȥȘȟ, ȝȈȔȘȈȈȘȈȈ ҸȕȥȘȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȔȥȌȥȎ, ȈȘȤșȈȈȘȈȈ ȉȐȍȌ ȝҸȘȟ ȝȈȚțț ȏӄӄȓӄȕ, ȝȈȓțțȕ

ȌțȓȈȈȕ, ȝțțȘȈȑ ȕȖȑȚȖȕ ȧȔȈȘ ȉȖȓȖȝȣȋ ȕȤ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȈȊȌȈȋ.

ǽҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȋțȑ ȚȖȋȚȊȖȘȚȖȑ ȠȐȕȎȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȝҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ ȕȤ ȚȖȋȚȊȖȘȚȖȑ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋҸȑșȥȕ ȉȖȓ ȉȐȌ ȦȔȣȋ ȝȈȘȈȝ, ȝӄȌȓӄȝ ȉҸȘȌȥȥ ȦȔșȣȕ ȋȥȘȥȓ ȋȥȋȥȥ ӄȟҸҸȝȥȕ ȚӄȌȐȑ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȋȌӄȝ

ȚțȚȈȔ țȘȤȌ ӄȔȕӄ ȕȤ ҸȏȥȎ ȝȈȘȎ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȚȈȕȐȝȋҸȑ ȚӄӄȘӄȓȌӄȕ ȖȘȟȐȕȌȖȖ ȟȐȋ ȉȈȘȐȔȎȈȈ ȈȓȌȈȝ

ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȐȓȥȥ. ǺȈ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȋ ȧȈȎ ȝҸȘȚȥȕȥ ȚȈȕȌ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓ ȚȐȑȔ ȓ ȝȈȘȈȋȌȈȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǺțȝȈȑȓȉȈȓ:

ȌȖȖȘȝȐ ȏțȘȋȐȑȋ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȘ ӄӄȘ ӄӄȘ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȝҸȘȚȥȎ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȕȈ. ȅȕȌ ȧȔȈȘ ȌҸȘș ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȖȓȎ

ȝȈȘȈȈȘȈȑ.


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ǽҷǵǰǱ ǻǽǨǴǹǨǸ ǩǨ ǻǽǨǴǹǨǸǫҷǱ ǶȆǻǵ ǻǽǨǨǵ

ǬȥȥȘȝ ȚҸҸȝȥȥș ȝȈȘȈȝȈȌ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ țȝȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ Ȧț Ȋȥ? ȧȔȈȘ ҸҸȘȥȋȚȥȑ Ȋȥ? ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȕȤ Ȑȝ

ȟțȝȈȓ ȦȔ. ǽҸȕȐȑȋ ȌȈȕ ȋȈȕȞ țȝȈȔșȈȘ ȉȐȠ țȝȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑ ȖȦțȕ țȝȈȈȕ țȌȐȘȌȌȈȋ ȦȔ ȉȐȠ ҸҸ ȋȥșȥȕ

șȈȕȈȈȋ ǯ.ǼȘȍȑȌ ȋȈȘȋȈșȈȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽҸȕȌ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌșȖȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȋȈșȓȈȕ ȏȖȊȓȖȕ, ȝҸȕȌ ȞȖȝȐȓȚ,

ȞțȝȈȓȌȈȓ, ȏȥȘȥȋ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȋȥȥș ȈȘȐȓȌȈȋȋҸȑ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȚȥȌȋȥȥȘ ȕȤ țȝȈȔșȈȘ Șțț ȠȈȝȈȋȌȈȕ

ȖȘȖȖȌ ȚȥȕȌȥȥșȥȥ șȥȚȋȥȞȥȌ ȐȌȥȊȝȐȚȥȑ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȌӄȋ. ǽҸȕȐȑ Ȕțț ȔțțȝȈȑ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȕȤ ȖȘȟȕȣ ȕӄȓӄӄ

ȉȈȑȝȈȈșȈȈ ȐȓҸҸ ȝҸȕȐȑ țȋ ȟȈȕȈȘȚ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȋȥȥȌ ȎȐȘȐȑȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȝҸȕ ȕȈȔȈȑȋ ȝȈȘȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ, ȐȕȋȥȝȋҸȑ

ȉȖȓ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ, ȝҸȔҸҸș ȕȈȔȈȑȋ ȌҸȋȕȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ țȝȈȔșȈȘȚȈȈ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȈȕ ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥ ȌҸȘ

ȚӄȘȝӄӄ ȕțțȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ҷҸȕȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥ ȉȈ “ȝțțȘȈȔȟ ȌҸȘ ȚӄȘȝ” ȋȥȎ ȕȥȘȓȥșȥȕ. ǩȐȌ ȥȕȥ ȏțȘȈȋ

ȌȥȥȘ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȠȐȋ ȥȕȋȐȑȕ ȥȔȋȥȕ ӄȊȋӄȕ ȝȖȨȘȣȋ ȝȈȘȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȊȟ șȈȑȕ ȝȈȘȊȈȓ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ Ȩș ȏҸȑȌ

ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȌȈȋȋҸȑ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȖȓ, șȖȨȓȣȕ ȝȥȔ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȕȌ ȚȈȈȘȈȝȋҸȑ ȝҸșȓҸҸȌȥȌ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌșȈȕ ҸȓȋȥȘȚ

ȋȈȘȌȈȋ “ȟӄȚȋӄȘ, ȠțȓȈȔ”-ȣȋ ȟ ȌȖȚȘȖȖ ȕțțȎ ȉȈȑȎ ȔȈȋȈȌ.

ǼȘȍȑȌȐȏȔȣȕ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȚȈȚȌȈȋ șȈȕȈȈȕțțȌȣȕ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ șȖȨȓ, țȝȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȝȖȨȘȣȕ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȈșțțȌȈȓ ȦȔ. ǻȝȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ țȋ Ȕӄȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȚ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ

ȉȈȑȌȋȈȈȘȈȈ, ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ, ȌțȘȈȈȘȈȈ ȉȈȑȓȋȈȝȈȌ ȟȐȋȓȥȋȌȥȕȥ. ǫȥȚȥȓ șȖȨȓ ȕȤ /ȉȐȍȥ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝ ȝȥȔ

ȝȥȔȎȥȥ/ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȕȐȑȋȥȔ ȝȈȔȚ Ȗȓȕȣ ȌțȕȌ ȚȖȋȚȟȐȝșȖȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȈȘȋȈȓȏȈȝ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȌȈȋțț ȉȈȑȝ,

ȉțșȈȌȚȈȑ ȈȌȐȓ ȉȈȑȝȣȋ ȠȈȈȘȌȌȈȋ țȟȘȈȈș ȥȕȥ ȝȖȨȘ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȏӄȘȟȐȓȌӄȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǹȖȨȓȚ ȝҸȔҸҸș

ȐȕȋȥȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȋҸȕȏȋȐȑ țȝȈȔșȈȘȓȈȌȈȋ țȟȘȈȈș ҸȑȓȌȥȓȌȥȥ ȧȔȈȋȚ ȝȧȕȈȓȚ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. Ǵӄȕ

ȕȐȓȥȥȌ ȟțȝȈȓȌ ȚȖȖȞȖȋȌȌȖȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȚțțȌȣȕ ȕȥȋ ȝȥșȥȋ ȕȤ ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘ, ȚҸҸȕȚȥȑ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑȋȖȖȘ


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ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȋȌȌȥȋ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȕ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔ ȦȔ. ǺҸȋȠҸҸȘȥȥș ҸҸȌȥȕ ȉȐȌ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ

ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȌȥȋ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȈȈș ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȥȘșȌȥȓȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ Ҹȏșȥȕ ȕȤ

“șțȉȓȐȔȈȞȐ” ȦȔ. ǹțȉȓȐȔȈȞȐ ȕȤ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȚȈȓȈȈșȈȈ ȏҸȑȌ Ҹȓ ȕȐȑȞȥȝ șȈȕȈȈȋȈȈ ȉȖȖȋȌțțȓȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ

ȚȥȘ ȥȕȍȘȋȥȥ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȌ ȖȓȋȖȌȖȋ. ǺțȝȈȑȓȉȈȓ: ȝҸȕ ȉȥȓȋȐȑȕ ȌțȘ ȝҸșȓȥȥ ȝȈȕȋȈȎ

ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓșȖȕ ҸȍȌ ȠȐȕȎȓȥȝ țȝȈȈȕ, țȘȓȈȋ, țȘȈȕ șȈȑȝȕȣ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȕȣ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȝȥȓȉȥȘȚ

ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȋȈȘȋȈȕ ȚҸҸȋȥȥȘȥȥ ȖȘȓțțȓȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ҷҸȕȐȑȋ ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓ ȌȥȥȘ ȈȊȈȈȌ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȋȥȘ

ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȋȐȠҸҸȌȥȌ ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȥșȊȥȓ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋ ȋȐȠҸҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȓȈȈȘȝ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȖȓȌ ȕȐȑȞȥȝȋҸȑ

ȉȖȌȖȓ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȟ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋȥȥ ȥȍȘȥȋ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȖȘȟȐȕȌȖȖ ȉȖȓȖȖȌ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȝȖȘ țȘȠȐȋ

țȟȘțțȓȈȓȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȦȔ. ҷҸȕȐȑȋ ȌȈȝȐȕ ȌȥȓȋȥȘȥȕȋҸȑ ȚȈȑȓȉȈȘȓȈȧ.

ǹȅǺǫȅǳ ǯҷǱǵ ǽǨǴǫǨǨǳǨǳǺȃǵ ǴǭǽǨǵǰǯǴ

ǵȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȋȐȠҸҸȕ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȉȐȍ ȝҸȕ ȥȝȥȥș ȚӄȘșȕӄӄșӄӄ ȝȖȑȠ ȉȖȌȐȚ ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘȚȥȑ ȉȖȓșȖȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ȅȕȥ

ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘ ȕȤ ȋȈȌȕȣ ȈȦțȓȣȋ țȝȈȈȘȈȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȝ, ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ҸȍȌ ȧȘȐȋȌȌȈȋ ȉȈ ȈȑȎ ȥȔȥȥȝȚȥȑ ȈȌȐȓ țȚȋȈȚȈȑ.

ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȌ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȈȋȌșȈȕ ȚȈȈȋҸȑ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ, Ȩș șțȘȚȈȝțțȕȋҸȑ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ

ȏȖȘȐțȌȈȈȘ ȔȈȘȚȈȝ, ȌȈȘȈȝ, ȉțșȌȈȌ ȚȖȝȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ țȝȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ

șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ ȦȔ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȥȕȥȝҸҸ țȝȈȋȌȈȝțțȕȣȋ șȥȚȋȥȓ șțȌȓȈȓȣȕ

ȕȥȘȚ ȥȘȌȥȔȚȥȕ ǯ.ǼȘȍȑȌ Ȉȕȝ ȚȖȔȤȨȖȓșȖȕ. ǺȥȘȥȥȘ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȈȊȟ ҸȏȥȝȌȥȥ, ȝҸȔҸҸș

ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȌȖȚȖȖȌ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȖȘȟȕȖȖșȖȖ ӄӄȘȚ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȝȋҸȑ, șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȌ ȕȐȑȞȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȌȓȣȋ

ȥșȥȘȋҸҸȞȥȝ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȕțțȕ ȌȈȘȈȝ, șȥȚȋȥȓȌ ȖȘȎ ȐȘșȥȕ ȟ ȚȥȘ ȉȖȌȓȣȋ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ ȏȈȑȓțțȓȈȝ șȥȌȥȓ

ȚӄȘȌӄȋ ȉȈ ҸҸȕȐȑȋȥȥ ȌȖȚȖȖȌ ȏӄȘȟȐȓȌӄӄȕӄӄȘӄӄ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȌȥȋ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ

ȌȥȊȠҸҸȓșȥȕ șȈȕȈȈȋȈȈ ȝȈȌȋȈȓȈȝ, ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ ȚȖȋȚȊȖȘȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȤ ȦȔ. ǺҸȋȠҸҸȘȥȥș ҸҸȌȥȕ ȉȐȍ ȝҸȕ

șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȌȥȋ. ȅȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȕ ȌțȘȤȌȊȈȓ:

ǺǻǹǫǨǳ:

ӃӄȘȐȑȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȚȖȝȖȝ. ȅȕȥ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ Ȩș ȏҸȑȌ

ȕȐȑȞȥȝȋҸȑ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȖȓ, ȏȈȕ Ҹȑȓȥȥ ȖȘȟȐȕȌȖȖ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȕȧȓȏȈȈȌȈȋ. ǺțȝȈȑȓȉȈȓ ȠȈȓȋȈȓȚȈȕȌȈȈ

Ȕțț ȌҸȕ ȈȊȈȈȌ ȉȈȋȠȌȈȈ ȉțȘțțȋ ӄȋȌӄȋ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȣȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȎȐȠȥȥ ȉȖȓȎ ȟȈȌȕȈ.

ǶȘȓțțȓȈȓȚ: ǨȦțȓ ȐȝȚȥȑ ȏҸȑȓȥȥș ȈȦțȓ ȉȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȏҸȑȓ ȘҸҸ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȋ ȠȐȓȎҸҸȓȥȝ,

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ ȧȊȞȈȌ ȐȓȘȥȝ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ. ǬȈȘȋȈȌȈȈ ȏȈȋȕțțȓșȈȕ ȈȎȐȓȚȈȕ țȌȐȘȌȓȈȋȈȈ ȏȈȋȕȈȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ

țȟȘȈȈș ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕȝȥȕ ȉȖȓȖȕ ӄӄȘӄӄș ȌȖȖȋțțȘ ȝҸȕȌ ȌȈȘȋȈȌȈȈ ȏȈȋȕțțȓșȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȓȥȥȘȥȥ ȔțțȝȈȑ ȈȈȠ

ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ȝȈȕȌȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔȥȥș ȈȈȊȌȈȈ ȏȈȋȕțțȓșȈȕ ȝҸҸȝȥȌ ȌҸҸȌȥȥ ȚȥȘ ȉțȝȐȔȌȓȈȈ ȚȈȑȓȌȈȋ.


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ǸǨǾǰǶǵǨǳǰǯǨǾǰ:

ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝțțȘȈȔȟȈȈȘ ȏӄȊȚȋӄȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ, ȝțțȘȈȔȟȈȈȘ ȠȈȓȚȈȋ ȚȈȑȓȉȈȘȓȈȓ

ȋȈȘȋȈȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȝȐȑșȥȕ țȝȈȈȓȈȋ ȉȐȠ ȏȈȕ Ҹȑȓȥȥ țȝȈȈȓȋȈȈȘ ȝȐȑșȥȕ ȦȔ ȠȐȋ ȉțșȌȣȕ ȕҸȌȕȐȑ

ӄȔȕӄ ȏӄȊȚȋӄȕ ȝȈȘțțȓȈȝȣȋ ȝȥȓȕȥ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȉȥȓ, ȅȏȖȗȣȕ ȨȋȚ ҸȓȋȥȘȚ ȋȈȘȌȈȋ Ҹȕȥȋ, țșȈȕ ҸȏȔȥȕȌ ȝҸȘȟ

ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘȖȖ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȉȖȓȖȖȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌȖȝȚȖȑ ȈȌȐȓ ȦȔ.

ȅǹǸȅǫ ҷǱǳǬȅǳ:

ǹȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȋҸȕȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȌȖȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣȝȈȈ ȥșȘȥȋ ӄӄȘ ȉȖȌȖȓ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȌȥȥ

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȌȈȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ: ȋȖȔȖșȍȒșțȈȓȐșȚ ȉȖȌȓȖȖșȖȖ

ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȎ ȉțȑ ȥȘȟҸҸȌ ȚȥȌȕȥȥȘ ȌȖȖȋ ȚȖȝțț ȝȐȑȎ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȌȈȋ.

ҷȕȥȕȌȥȥ ȚȐȑȔ șȈȕȈȈ ȚӄȘӄӄȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȚȥȌ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȚȥȌȕȥȥȘ ȚȖȖȋ ȚȖȝțț ȝȐȑȝȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ǯ.ǼȘȍȑȌ ҸȏȎȥȥ. ȅȕȥ

ȕȤ ȚȥȌ ӄӄȘȚ ȚӄȘșӄȕ ȝҸșȓȥȥ ȕțțȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȦȔ.

ǻǽǸǨǳǺ:

ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȐȑȕ ȕȧȓȝȈȔșȈȋ, ȝҸҸȝȌȥȘȝȥȋ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȌȥȋ ȖȕȞȓȖȋȚȖȑ. ǨȦțȓ ȉȈȋȈȚȈȑ

ȎȈȘȋȈȓȚȈȑ, ȉȈȋȈ ȕȈș ȘțțȋȈȈ ȥȘȋȥȕ ȝȈȕȌȈȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ӄӄȘȚ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘȐȑȋ ȏӄӄȓȓӄȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ȈȘȋȈ.

ȅȕȥ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȚӄȊӄȋȋҸȑ ȚȈȕȤȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȠȐȕȎҸҸȌ ȋȥȊȥȓ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȥȏȥȔȌȥȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ Ҹȍ

Ҹȍ ȋȈȘȋȈȝ, șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝȈȕȋȈȓțțȕ ȉȐȠ ȉȈȑȝ, țțȘȓȈȝ, ȌțțȋȈȈ ȝțȘȈȈȝ, ȝҸҸȝȥȌ ȠȐȋ ȠțȓȋȈȕȈȝ, ȉțȊȚȕȈȝ,

ȔȈȠȐȕȈȈȘ țȝȈȈȕȋҸȑ ȝțȘȌȓȈȝ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ.

ǹǻǩǳǰǴǨǾǰ:

ǵȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȚȈȓȈȈșȈȈ ȏҸȑȌ ȕȐȑȞȥȝȋҸȑ ȈȓȐȊȈȈ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ ȉȖȖȋȌțțȓȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȚȥȘ ȥȕȍȘȋȥȥ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝ

ȉȖȓȖȔȎȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȌ ȖȓȋȖȌȖȋ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ. ȅȕȥ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȚȣȋ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȋȥȎ ҸȏȌȥȋ.

ǺțȝȈȑȓȉȈȓ, șȈȌȐșȚ ȌȈȓȌ ȝҸșȓȥȥ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȟ ȔȥȌȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑ șȈȑȕ Ȕȥș ȏȈșȈȓȟ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȕȤ

ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ҷǫҷǱǹǫȅǳ:

ǩȖȌȐȚ ҸȕȥȕȐȑȋ ҸȋҸȑșȋȥȝ ҸȋҸȑșȋȥȓ ȕȤ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑ ȉȈȚȈȓȋȈȈ ȕȖȚȖȓȋȖȖ ȉȈȑșȈȈȘ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ ȟ ȥȕȥ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚ

Ҹȑȓȟȓȥȕȥ. ǺȈȈȋҸȑ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȈȓ ӄӄȘȚ ȕȤ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌșȖȕ ȋȥȌȋȥȥ ȔȥȌșȥȥȘ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȔӄȘȚȓӄӄ ȕȈȌȈȌ ȐȑȔ ȏҸȑȓ

ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȝ ȨșȋҸȑ ȝȥȔȥȥȕ ȧȘȤȎ ȏҸȚȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȍȌ ȐȓȘȥȕȥ. ǺȈ ȥȌȋȥȥȘ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȚȣȋ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȈȊȓȈȈ.

ǽȈȘȐȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝ ȕȤ ȉȐȍ ȝҸȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ȐȌȥȊȝȋҸȑ,

ȏȖȋșȖȕȋȐ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘȌȖȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȣȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȕȈ țț!


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ǺǭǴǷǭǸǨǴǭǵǺ

ǺȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈ, ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȐȑȕ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȚțșȋȈȌȈȋ ȉȈ ȚȥȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȕ

ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȥȞșȐȑȕ ҸȘ ȌҸȕ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ȧȊȞȣȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȌȥȋ. ǺȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȤ ȚӄȘӄȓȝȐȑȕ, ȉȐȖȓȖȋȐȑȕ

ȠȐȕȎȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȈ ȕȥȕ ȚҸȘҸҸȕȌ ȠȐȕȥ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȥȓ ȚӄȘӄȝ, șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȝ, ȞȖȟȐȎ, șȈȕȌȘȈȝ, șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ

ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘ ȉȐȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉȐȍ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌҸҸȓȕȥ. ǺȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȍȘӄȕȝȐȑ

ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘȈȈ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕ, ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȤ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȚȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȥȝҸȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞȣȋ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌ ȕȤ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȟ ȉȖȓȎ

ӄȋȌӄȋ. Ǩȕȝ ǫȘȍȒȐȑȕ ȥȔȟ ǫȐȗȗȖȒȘȈȚ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ȚӄȓӄȊȐȑȕ ҸȕȌșȥȕ ȠȐȕȎҸҸȌȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȍ Ȍȥȝ

ȠȐȕȋȥȕȐȑ ȏȖȝȐȞțțȓȋȈȈȘ ȚȈȑȓȉȈȘȓȈȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓșȖȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ҷҸȕȌ : ǽҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȍȌ ȥȌȋȥȥȘȥȥș ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȠȐȕȋȥȕȥȥȖ ȕȤ ȉțȦț

Sangus- Ȟțș-ȕҸҸȘ ȕȤ ȉȈȧșȋȈȓȈȕȚȈȑ, ȕҸȌ ȕȤ ȞȖȊȖȖ

Flegma- șȈȓș-ȌҸȕșȋȥȘ ȉțțȘȤ șțțȘȤȚȈȑ

Chole- ȠȈȘ Ȟӄș-ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȚȥȑ, ȏӄȘҸҸȌ, ȥȊ ȝȈȊȋҸȑ, ȌȖȋȠȐȕ

Melanos- ȝȈȘ Ȟӄș- ȋӄȎҸҸȌ, ȏȖȎȐȋ

ǫȐȗȖȒȘȈȚȣȕ ȥȕȥ ȈȕȋȐȓȈȓ ӄȕӄӄȋ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȋȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ǺҸҸȕȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ ǰ.ǲȈȕȚ ȝҸȕȐȑ

ȚȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȕ ȉȈ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȕȣ ȋȥȎ ҸȕȌșȥȕ ȝȖȨȘ ȝȥșȥȋȚ ȝțȊȈȈȕ șȈȕȋȊȐȕȐȒ,

ȝȖȓȍȘȐȒ, ȜȓȍȋȔȈȚȐȒ, ȔȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȒ ȋȥșȥȕ ȌӄȘȊӄȕ ȝȥȊ ȠȐȕȎȐȌ ȝțȊȈȈșȈȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȍȔȗȍȘȈȔȍȕȚ ȕȤ

ȏȈȕ ȚӄȓӄȊ ȉҸȘȥȓȌȥȝȥȌ ȕӄȓӄӄȓӄȝ ȉȈ ȚȥȘ ȕȤ ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȣȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȉțș ȖȦțȕȓȈȋ ȠȐȕȎ

ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǹǨǵǫǪǰǵǰǲ:

ǹȈȑȕ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȕȐȑȚȥȟ, ȥȊșȥȋ, ȞȈȑȓȋȈȕ, ȈȊȝȈȈȓȎȚȈȑ, ȠȐȕȥ ȏҸȑȓ ȘҸҸ ȚȥȔҸҸȓȌȥȋ. ǻȌȈȈȕ ȝțȋȈȞȈȈȋȈȈȘ

ȖȦțȕȣ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȉȐȍȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȔӄȘ ȝȐȑȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȚȈȑ. ǴȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȋ ȚҸȘȋȥȕ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȟ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋ. ȇȔȈȘ

ȕȥȋ ȏҸȑȓȌ ȌȈșȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞȖȝȌȖȖ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ. ǽҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȝȥȓ ȈȔȈȈ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȖȓȖȓȞȌȖȋ. ǮȈȘȋȈȓ, ȏȖȊȓȖȕȋ

ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȌȈȋ. ǴȥȌȘȥȔȚȋȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȚȥȑ, ȈȓȝȈȈ, ȋȐȠȋȥȥ ȝӄȕȋӄȕ. ǹțȓ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ șȈȊȈȈȋҸȑ,

ȝȥȘȥȋȚ ȌțȘȚȈȑ, ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ țțȘ ȌțȘȋҸȑȞȓȐȑȋ ȝҸȘȋȥȌȥȋ. ǹȖȕȐțȟ, ȏȈȔȉȈȘȈȈȋҸȑ, șȈȓȈȕ, ȝӄȕȋӄȔșӄȋ,

ӄȕȋӄȞ

ǼǳǭǫǴǨǺǰǲ:

ǹȈȑȕ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȚȥșȊȥȘ, ȚȥȊȟȥȥȘȚȥȑ, ȝҸȓȥȥȞȚȥȑ, ȉțțȘȤ șțțȘȤȚȈȑ, ȦȔȣȋ ȋҸȕȏȋȐȑ ȉȖȌȌȖȋ, ȖȑȓȋȖȎ

ȚȖȋȚȖȖșȖȕ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȔȈȘȚȌȈȋȋҸȑ, ȝȥȊȠȔȥȓ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ȌțȘȚȈȑ, ȉȖȌȓȖȋȖȚȖȑ. ǹțȓ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȝȈȠȐȘ, ȌȈșȈȕ

ȏȖȝȐȞȌȖȋȋҸȑ, ȝҸȕ ȋțȑȌȈȋȋҸȑ, ȦȔȕȣ ȥȊȐȑȋ ȖȓȌȖȋȋҸȑ, ȏȈȓȝțț, ȠȐȕȥ ȦȔȈȕȌ ȚȥȔҸҸȓȌȥȋȋҸȑ, ȝҸȓȥȥȎ

ȈȊȌȈȋȋҸȑ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȉȈȋȈȚȈȑ. ǽӄȌӄȓȎ ȧȌȌȈȋ.


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ǽǶǳǭǸǰǲ:

ǹȈȑȕ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȚȥșȊȥȘ ȚȥȊȟȥȥȘ șȈȑȕ, ȚҸȘȋȥȕ ȈȊȝȈȈȓȎȚȈȑ, ȠțȌȈȘȋȈ, șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȚȥȑ, ȚȍȔȗ

șȈȑȕ, ȥȘȟ ȝҸȟȥȥ ȌȈȑȟȓȈȕ ȝȐȑȌȥȋ, ȌȈȑȟȐȕ, ȚțțȠȚȈȑ. ǹțȓ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȠȈȘȈȓȝțț, ȥȊ ȌҸȑ ȖȓȖȝȌȖȖ Ȕțț,

ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞȌȖȋȋҸȑ, ȏӄȘҸҸȌ, ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄȘӄӄ, ȥȊ ȝȈȊȋҸȑ, ȌȥȥȘȥȓȝҸҸ,

ȚҸȘȥȔȋȐȑ, ȏȈȓȤȚȈȑ

ǴǭǳǨǵǽǶǳǰǲ:

ǹȈȑȕ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐțȞȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ, ȕȧȔȉȈȑ, ȞȥȊȥȘȟ, ҸȍȘȝȥȓ ȕӄȝӄȘȓӄȓ, ȝȈȑȘ ȌțȘȓȈȓȌ Ҹȕȥȕȟ. ǹțȓ ȚȈȓ ȕȤ

ȏӄӄȓӄȕ, ȕȈȔțțȕ, ȥȔȏȥȋ, ӄȘӄȊȟȝӄȕ, țȧȘȈȔȚȋȈȑ, ȌțțȓȋȈȊȈȘȚȈȑ, ȋțȚȘȈȔȚȋȈȑ, ȈȑȔȝȈȑ, ȝțȓȟȋȈȘ, ӄȊȟȐȕ

ȏȖȊȓȖȕȌ ȥȔȏȥȋ.

ǯǨǵ ǨǸǨǵȀǰǵǫǨǨ ǺǶǬǶǸǽǶǱǳǶǽ ǽȇǳǩǨǸǿǰǳǹǨǵ ǽҷǹǵȅǫǺ

ǿȈȕȈȘțțȌ ǽȖȓȍȘȐȒ ǹȈȕȋȊȐȕȐȒ ǼȓȍȋȔȈȚȐȒ ǴȍȓȈȕȝȖȓȐȒ 1. ǴȥȌȘȥȓȐȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȕȣ

ȠȐȕȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ: � ǽӄӄȘӄȓ ȕȤ � ǹȈȈȚȈȓ ȕȤ � ǽӄӄȘӄȓ, șȈȈȚȓȣȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ ȕȤ � ǽӄӄȘӄȓ, șȈȈȚȓȣȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ

ȠȐȓȎȐȝ ȕȤ � ǫȈȌȕȣ ȕӄȓӄӄȕȌ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝ ȝȈȘȐț

ȕȤ 2. ǺȈȕȐȕ ȔȥȌȥȝ Ҹȑȓ: � ǨȊȝȈȈȓȎ șȈȔȉȈȈ � ȀҸҸȔȎȓȥȓȌ ȝȈȕȌȈȝ ȕȤ � ǩȐȍȥ Ҹȕȥȓȥȝ ȕȤ

� ȀȐȕȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȕȤ

3. ǯȖȘȐȋȐȑȕ ȉȖȓȖȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ

ȉțșȈȌ ȟȈȕȈȘ: � ǹȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ȍȘӄȕȝȐȑ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȕȤ � ǹȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȌȖȋȌȓȖȓ ȕȤ

� ǺȥșȊȥȘ ȕȤ

� ǰȌȥȊȝ ȕȤ

� ǯȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȚȥȔҸҸȓȥȝ ȕȤ � ǵȐȑȚȥȟ ȏȈȕ ȕȤ

ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǽӄӄȘӄȓ ȐȓҸҸ ǽțȘȌȈȕ ǽțȘȌȈȕ ȝҸȟȚȥȑ ǹȈȑȕ ǬțȘȋҸȑ ǽȥȚȘҸҸȓȌȥȋ ǰȌȥȊȝȚȥȑ ȚҸȘȋȥȕ ǹȥȘȋȥȓȥȕ ȉȖȓȖȊȟ ȚȖȋȚȊȖȘȋҸȑ ǩȖȋȐȕȖ ȈȋȈȈȌ ȝҸȟȚȥȑ ǺȥșȊȥȘȋҸȑ ǹȈȑȕ ȈȋȈȈȌ ȖȘȋȐȓțțȕ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ȠțȘȋțț ǵȐȑȚȥȟ

ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǺȈȑȊȈȕ ǽțȘȌȈȕ ǯӄӄȓӄȕ ȍȘȌȐȑȕ ȝҸȟȚȥȑ ǴȈȠ șȈȑȕ ǺȈȑȊȈȕ ȇȓȐȔȋҸȑ ȝȥȚȘҸҸȓȌȥȋ ǰȌȥȊȝȚȥȑ ǩȈȧȘ ȎȈȊȝȓȈȕȚȈȑǩȖȋȐȕȖ ȈȋȈȈȌ ӄȕȋӄȞȝӄȕ ǬțȕȌ ȏȥȘȥȋ ǰȝ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȉȖȌȖȓȚȖȑ ǮȐȋȌ ȠțȘȋțț ǵȐȑȚȥȟ ȕӄȝӄȘșӄȋ

ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǹȈȈȚȈȓ ȐȓҸҸ ǻȌȈȈȕ ǻȌȈȈȕ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ǬțȕȌ ȏȥȘȥȋ ǽȈȑȠ ȧȑȠ ǩȖȌȐȚȖȑ ǻȌȈȈȕ ǺȖȋȚȊȖȘȚȖȑ ǽțȘȞ ȉțș, șțȓȈȊȚȈȘ ǮȐȋȌ ȖȘȋȐȓțțȕ ǻȌȈȈȕ ȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȠțȘȋțț ǵȐȑȚȥȟ ȉȐȠ

ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǹțȓ ǹȈȈȚȈȓ ȐȓҸҸ ǻȌȈȈȕ, ȚҸȊȥȋȚȥȑ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǹțȓȈȊȚȈȘ ǫȖȔȌȖȔȚȋȖȑ ǬțȚțț ҸȕȥȓȌȥȋ ǰȌȥȊȝȚȥȑ ȋȥȊȟ ȐȚȋȥȓȋҸȑ ǺȖȋȚȊȖȘȋҸȑ ǻȌȈȈȕ ǽҸȟȚȥȑ ǮȐȋȌ ȉȐȠ șțȓȈȊȚȈȘ ǽțȓȋȈȔȚȋȈȑ ǫȈȕȞȈȈȘȌȔȈȓ


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ǻǺǹǨǨǸ ȇǸǰǽ ǹǶǚǳ

ǽǽ ȏțțȕȣ ȥȝȥȕ ҸȍȌ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȝȖȘȊȖȖȋȐȑȕ ȕȥȋ ȏȈȝȈȈș ȕӄȋӄӄ ȏȈȝȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȎ

ȉȖȓȕȖ ȋȥȌȥȋȚ ȐȚȋȥȓ ȔțțȚȈȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȈȑȝ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ ȝȈȘȐȓȞțțȘ țȚȈș ȖȘȟȐȕ ҸȍȌ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ӄȘȋӄȕ ȌȥȓȋȥȘ

ȚȈȘȝșȈȕ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ȝȥȘȥȋșȥȓ ȉȖȓșȖȕ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ȉȈȋȈ ȈȕȋȐȑȕ șțȘȈȋȟȐȌ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ țȚșȈȈȘ

ȧȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȋțȌȔȈȈȘ ȧȊȈȝ ȕȤ șȖȕȐȕ șȖȌȖȕ ҸȏȥȋȌȥȓ ȉȈȑȝȈȈ ȉȖȓȤȎȥȥ. ǶȘȟȐȕ ҸȍȌ țȚșȈȈȘ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȝ ȧȊȞȈȌ

ȚȈȕȣ ȉȖȖȕ ȚȈȕȈȑ ȗҸҸș, ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȑȕ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȓȚ, șȈȝȐȓȋȈ ȉȈȚ, Ȍȥȋ ȎțȘȈȔ ȝȧȓȉȈȘȝȈȕ

ȚȈȕȐȋȌȈȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǻȚșȈȈȘ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȚӄȓӄȊȓӄȋӄӄ, șȈȕȝҸҸȋȐȑȕ ȕțțȞȚȈȑ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑ ȈșțțȌȓȣȋ

ȧȘȤȌȈȋȋҸȑ ȉȈ ȧȔȈȘ ȟ ȚȈȈȓȈȔȎȋҸȑ ȧȘȐȈ ȧȘȐȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȟ ȚȈ Țțȕ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȉȈȑȝȣȋ ȝȐȟȥȥȋȥȥȘȥȑ. ǭȘ

ȕȤ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȝҸȕ ȕҸҸȘ ȚțȓȈȕ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȝȈȈș ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȎ țȚșȈȈȘ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȈșțțȌȓȣȋ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘȓȥȝȐȑȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥȌȥȋ. YҸȕȚȥȑ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȚȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ Ȍțțȕȣ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ȌȈȘȎ șțȘȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȈȕȣ ȏȈȓȋȈșȈȕ ȌțȋȈȈȘȣȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȋȟ țȚșȈȈ ȈȊȈȝȋҸȑ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȓȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȏȈȓȝȚȈȓ ȉҸҸ

ȌțțȌȈȈȘȈȑ. ǫțȘȈȊ ȉțȦț ȚҸҸȕȥȥș ȌȥȥȠ țȌȈȈ ȌțțȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȝ ȝҸȕ ȟȐȕȤ

ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ țȚȈș ȈȊȈȝ ȏȈȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȖȓ ȌȈȘȈȈȋȐȑȕ ȏȈȓȋȈȓȚȈȕȌ ȈȊȈȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǺȈȕȣ ȏȈȓȋȈșȈȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ țȚȈș ȈȊȚȖȔȈȚ Ȍțț ȝțȘȈȈȋȟȚȈȑ ȉȖȓ ȚȈ ȝȥȚ ȕțȘȠȐȓȋҸȑ ȧȘȐȈȌ țțȓȏȈȝ, ȏȈȝȐȝ

ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȚȖȊȟ ȝȥȓȥȥȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȕȥȘȐȑȋ ȝȥȓȥȥȌ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȝȥȓȎ ȉȐȟҸҸȓȌȥȋ. ǻȚșȈȈȘ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȝ șȖȨȓ ȕȤ țȚșȣȋ

ȈȊȈȕ ȔȥȕȌȓȥȝȥȥș ȥȝȥȓȌȥȋ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞțțȘȣȋ ȈȊȟ ȉțȑ ȥȚȋȥȥȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȋȈȏȈȘ, ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐȑȕȝȈȈ ȕȥȘȐȑȋ

ȝȥȓȎ “...șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ” ȋȥȎ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȥȝȥȓȕȥ. Ǵӄȕ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȎ ȉțȑ ȝҸȕȥȥ “ȚȈ” ȝȥȔȥȥȕ ȌțțȌȈȝ ȕȤ

ȈȧȚȈȑȝȈȕ șȖȕșȖȋȌȌȖȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȈșțțȓȚȈȕȌ ȥȍȓȌȋȥȥȘ, ȚȖȊȟ ȝȈȘȐțȓȚ ӄȋȟ șțȘȈȈȘȈȑ. ȇȘȐȈ ȌӄȕȋӄȎ

ȌțțșȔȈȋȞ țȚșȈȈ ȉҸҸ ȚȈșȈȓ. ǰȕȋȥȝ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȓȞțțȘȣȕ ȞȈȈȕȈ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ Ҹȓ ȝҸȕȌȥȓșȥȕ, șȈȓȈȝȣȕ

ȚҸҸș ȉȖȓșȖȕ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȥȓ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȕȥ.

“ǽȥȕ ȉȥ”, “ǽȈȈȕȈȈș ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ ȉȥ”, “Ȇț ȋȥșȥȕ ȦȔ” ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȕȤ ȥȊȋҸȑ. “ǻțȟȓȈȈȘȈȑ,

ȚȈȕȚȈȑ ȧȘȐȝ ȝҸȕ ȖȌȖȖȋȖȖȘ ȥȏȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǺȈ ȝȥȓȎ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȈȝ ȏҸȑȓ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȕȈȌȈȌ ȝȥȓȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǺȈ

ȚҸȘ ȈȏȕȈȈȌ ȏȈȓȋȈȝȋҸȑ Ȧț, țțȟȓȈȈȘȈȑ ȚȥȘ ȖȌȖȖȋȖȖȘ ȏȈȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ” ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȝ ȕȤ ȚȈȕȣ

șȖȨȓȣȋ ȐȓȚȋȥȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǻȚșȈȈȘ ȖȓȖȕ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȋȈȏȈȘ, ȈȊȚȖȔȈȠȐȕ ȌȖȚȖȘ, ȋțȌȈȔȎ ȚȈȓȉȈȑȌ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȧȘȐȝ, ȏȈȈȊȈȘȟȐȓȋȈȈ ӄȋӄȝ

ȕȤ ȔȈȠ ȥȊȋҸȑ. ǰȑȔ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȚȖȊȟ, ȉțșȌȈȌ șȈȈȌ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȝȐȑȝȐȑȋ ȉȖȌȖȖȘȖȑ. ǨȎȐȓ

ȝȥȘȥȋȟ ȝҸȕȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȓȚ ȔțțȚȈȑ ȔȍȕȍȎȍȘȣȕ țȚȈș ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȌțțȋȈȘȟ ȧȊȌȋȐȑȋ

ȚȈ ȔȥȌȥȝȥȌ ȐȓҸҸȌȥȝȋҸȑ. ȅȞȥșȚ ȕȤ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ ȝȥȚ ȖȘȖȑ, ȝȥȚ ȥȘȚ țȚșȈȈȘ ȉҸҸ ȧȘȤ. ǵȥȋȥȕȚ ȧȘȐȝ

ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈ ȋȈȘȊȈȓ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȝҸȓȞȥȓ ӄȟȐȎ țțȟȓȈȓȚ ȋțȑȎ, ȧȘȐȈȋȈȈ ȔȈȠ ȚȖȊȟ, ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȝȣȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥȋȥȥȘȥȑ.


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ҷǫȅǵ ǩǻǹ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨ ǩǻȆǻ ǶǸǶǵ ǯǨǱǫǨǨǸ ǹǨǵǨǨǫǨǨ ǰǳȅǸǽǰǱǳȅǽ ǵȄ

ǽҸȔҸҸș șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ Ҹȋ ȖȓȌȖȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȥșȊȥȓ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝȥȥș ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȝ ȕȤ ȖȓȖȕȚȈȈ. ҷȋ

ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȓȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȋҸȑȞȥȚȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉҸȝ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȋ Ҹȋȥȕ ȉțș ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ ȋȥȌȥȋ. ǽӄȋȎȐȔ ȏȖȝȐȖȎ

ȉȈȑȕȈ țț ȥșȊȥȓ ȥȊȠȥȥȎ, ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑ ȕҸȌ ȘҸҸ ȠȐȘȚȥȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț ȝȈȔȈȈȋҸȑ ȉҸȋȌ Ҹȋȥȕ ȉțș ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ

ȐȓȘȥȓ ȦȔ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓ, ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȥȥ Ҹȋȥȕ ȉțș ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȕȥȋ ȥșȊȥȓ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȈȘȋȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȕ

ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȚȈȑ ȈȌȐȓȈȈȘ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȝҸȘȋȥȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǺȥȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȕ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȕȥȋȕȐȑ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ

ȥȕȌ ӄȋҸҸȓȥȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

Yǫȅǵ ǩǻǹ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨǵȃ ǺӃǸӃǳ ǯҷǱǳ

ǽҸȔҸҸș ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌ șȈȕȈȈ, șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓӄӄ ȝӄȋȎȐȔ ȉȐȟȐȝ, țȘȈȕ ȏțȘȈȋ ȏțȘȈȝ, ȏȈȔȣȕ ȚȥȔȌȥȋ ȚȈȊȐȝ,

ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȝ, Ҹșȥȥ ȧȕȏȓȈȝ, ȕҸҸȘȥȥ ȉțȌȈȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȖȓȖȕ ȧȕȏȣȕ Ҹȋȥȕ ȉțș

ȈȘȋȈȈȘ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȌȥȋ.

ȅȌȋȥȥȘȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȝҸȕ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȌȈȈ ȉȈȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ

ȏȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈȘ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȌ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ

ȝȈȕȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȌȥȋ.

ǩȈȑȘȈȕȌ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȣ ȌӄȘȊӄȕ ȉҸșȐȑȋ ȧȓȋȈȎ

ҸȏȌȥȋ.

ǬǶǺǵȃ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨǵȃ ǩҷǹ

/ǽȈȋȈș ȔȍȚȘȥȥș ȠțțȌ ȉȐȍȥȘ ȠҸȘȋȥȝ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ/. ǽȈȑȘȚȈȑ ȝȖșțțȌ, ȥȞȥȋ, ȥȝ ȝҸҸȝȌҸҸȌ, ȌȖȚȕȣ ȕȈȑȏ ȕȈȘ

ȐȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȌ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ țțȓȏȌȈȋ. ǶȋȚ ȚȈȕȐȝȋҸȑ ȝҸȕ ȚȈȕȌ ȐȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȌ ȖȑȘȚȊȖȓ ȚȈ ȕȥȓȥȥȌ ȚțȝȋҸȑ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘȖȝ ȕȤ ȓȈȊȚȈȑ. ǽȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȖȑȘ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȝҸȔҸҸșȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȥȔȟ, ȖȨȌȖȓȟȐȕ, șțȊȐȓȈȋȟ ȏȥȘȥȋ

ȔȥȘȋȥȎȓȐȑȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ҸȑȓȟȓҸҸȓȥȋȟȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȉȐȍȕȌ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȔȥȘȋȥȎȓȐȑȕ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȋ ȐȑȔ

ȏȈȑȕȌ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȖȑȘȚțțȓȌȈȋ. ǽȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ țțȓȏȈȝȌȈȈ ȥȕȥ ȉҸșȌ ȖȘȖȝȣȋ ȖȘȖȓȌșȖȕȖȖȘ ȚȈ ȚțȝȈȑȕ

ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȕȈȑȏȓȈȝ, ȌȖȚȕȖ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȝҸșȥȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȖȑȓȋțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȦȔ. Ǩȏ

ȎȈȘȋȈȓȚȈȑ ȝȖșțțȌ ȧȋ ȥȕȥ ȉҸșȌ ȉȈȑȎ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȚțȝȚȈȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȏҸȑȕ ȚțȘȠȐȓȚțțȌ

ȕȖȚȖȓșȖȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȥȋȥȝȥȥȘ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȚҸȕȎȐȕ ȔțțȚȈȑ ȝȖșțțȌ ȕȥȋȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȉҸșȌ

ȖȘȖȝȖȖș ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȌȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȕȤ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ.


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ǽǻǪǰǱǵ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨǵȃ ǩҷǹ

/0.5Ȕ-1.5Ȕ/. ȅȕȥ ȉҸșȐȑȕ ȝȧȏȋȈȈȘ ȕȤ șȖȨȓȖȖș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȈȈȌ ȧȓȋȈȈȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȈȈș șȈȑȕ

ȚȈȕȐȓțțȌ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȝȈȘȤȞȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑ ȕȤ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚ ȋȈȘ ȉȈȘȐȝ, ȕȥȋȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȔӄȘȐȑȋ ȈȓȋȈȌȈȝ ȏȥȘȋȥȥȘ

ȉȐȍ ȉȐȍȕȌȥȥ ȋȈȘ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎ ȖȓȋȖȌȖȋ. ǰȝȥȕȝ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȥȕȥ ȉҸșȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȑ ȋȥȎ

ҸȏȌȥȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȝӄȕȌȓӄȕȋȐȑȕ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȋ ȚҸҸȕȌȥȥ ȖȘțțȓȈȝ ȌțȘȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȥȚȋȥȓ șțȌȓȈȈȟȐȌ

ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎȥȥ. ǺȈ ȈȊȚȖȉțș, ȚȈȒșȐ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȝҸȕ ȖȓȕȖȖȘ ȞțȋȓȈșȈȕ ȋȈȏȈȘ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȝȈȘȞ

ȚțȓȋȈȘȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝȣȋ ȝȐȟȥȥȎ, ȞȖȕȝ, ȝȈȕȈ, ȥșȊȥȓ ȚȈȈȏ Șțț ȠȐȘȚȌȥȋȐȑȋ ȚȈ șȈȕȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȈȑȝ. ǺȥȌ

ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȑȕȌȈȈ ȝӄȕȌȓӄȕȋȐȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȖȘțțȓȈȝȋҸȑ ȋȥșȥȕȌȥȥ ȚȐȑȔ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȝȐȑȌȥȋ.

ǨǳǩǨǵ ǚǹǵȃ ǩҷǹ

/1.5Ȕ-3Ȕ/. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȈȈș ȋȖȓȌțț ȈȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȋȐȑȕ ȥșȊȥȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓ ȉȈȋȈȚȈȑ, ȋȥȕȥȚȐȑȕ țțȓȏȈȓȚțțȌ

ȧȊȈȋȌȌȈȋ. ǬȈȘȋȈ, ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟ ȥșȊȥȓ ȚȈȈȋҸȑ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ țțȓȏȈȝ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ “ȏȈȑȋȈȈ ȈȊȈȝ” ȋȥȎ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ

ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȚȈ șȈȕȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȈȑȝ. ҷȕȥȝȥȥȘ ȚȈ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȟțȝȈȓ, ȥșȊȥȓ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȧȘȐȈ

ӄȘȕҸҸȓȥȝȌȥȥ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ 1.5-3 ȔȍȚȘ ȏȈȑȌ ȏȖȋșȟȐȝȖȖȌ ȧȘȐȝȣȋ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄȝӄȌ ȉȥȘȝ. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȈȈș Ȩș

ȚӄȌȐȑ, ȈȓȉȈȘȝȈȋ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȈȌ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȎȚȖȑ.

ǵǰǱǺǰǱǵ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨǵȃ ǩҷǹ

/3 ȔȍȚȘȥȥș ȞȈȈȠ/. ǺȈ ȚȖȔ ȏȈȈȓȈȕȌ șțțȋȈȈȌ ȐȓȚȋȥȓ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȧȘȐȈȋ șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ

ȖȓȖȕ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȉҸșȌ ȖȘȎȥȥ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǰȓȚȋȥȓ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȚȈ ȝȖȨȘȣȕ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȝ

ȏȈȑ ȕȤ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȉҸș ȦȔ. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȈȈș ȚȈ ȋȈȘ ȉȈȘȐȝ, ȔӄȘȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȈȓȋȈȌȈȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȌȖȚȕȣ

ȝҸȕȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȌȈȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȌȥȋ ȌȖȝȐȖ ȏȈȕȋȈȈ, ȚȈȑȓȉȈȘ ȝȐȑȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȦȔ. ǰȑȔ ȏȈȑȕȈȈș ȈȎȐȓ

ȝȥȘȋȐȑȕ ȧȘȐȈ ȟ ӄȘȕҸҸȓȥȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ȅȕȌ ӄȋҸҸȓȥȋȌșȥȕ ȏҸȑȓș ȚȈȕȣ ȔȥȌȓȥȋȐȑȕ șȈȕȌ ȕȥȔȥȘ

ȉȖȓȎ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ, ȈȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȋȥȥ ӄȘȕҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȚȈȕȤ ȉȈȋȈ ȟ ȉȖȓȖȊ Țțș ȉȖȓȕȖ ȋȥȌȥȋȚ ȕȈȑȌȈȎ

ȉȈȑȕȈ.

ȇǸǰǨ, ǽǨǸǰǳǾǨǨǵȃ ǹǶǚǳ

ȇȘȐȈȕȣ șȖȨȓ ȕȤ șȖȨȓȟ ȉȖȓȖȊșȖȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȕȥȋ ȉҸȘȥȓȌȥȝҸҸȕ ȝȥșȥȋ ȦȔ. ȇȘȐȈȕȣ șȖȨȓȣȋ ȥȏȥȔȠȐȝ

ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȚȖȊȟ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ, ȐȓҸҸ ȖȓȖȕ ҸȋȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȏӄȊ ȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȝțȘȞ, ȌҸȘșȓȥȓȚȥȑ, ȥȍȓȌȥȋ

ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȖȌȖȓ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȕȥ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ ȦȔ. ȥȓ ȧȘȐȈȕȣȝȈȈ ȌțȚȈȋȌȓȣȋ ȏȈșȈȎ ҸȋȐȑȕ

șȈȕȋȈȈ ȉȈȧȎțțȓȈȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ țȘȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȖȓ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ țȕȠȐȎ, ȉțșȌȣȕ ȝȥȓ ȧȘȐȈȋ șȖȕȋȖȎ, ȚӄȘӄȓ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ

ȚȈȑȓȉȈȘ ȚȖȓȤ, ȚȖȓȤ ȉȐȟȐȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ȇȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȏҸȑȘ ȞȥȞȥȕ Ҹȋ, ȝȥȊȠșȥȕ ȝȥȓȓȥȋ,

țȘȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȖȓȖȖș ȈȊșȈȕ ȐȠȓȥȓ ȕȤ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȝȥȓȐȑȋ ȐȌȥȊȝȎҸҸȓȎ ӄȋȌӄȋ. ӃӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ Ȉȧȓȋȣȋ

ȈȕȝȈȈȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȘȈȑ. ǺȈȑȊȈȕ, ȐȚȋȥȓȚȥȑ ȧȘȤȎ, ȏȖȋșȓȖȋȖ ȝȐȑȎ, ȖȕȞ ȟțȝȈȓ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȖȕȞȋȖȑȓȖȕ ȌțțȌȈȎ

ȧȘȤȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.


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ǩȐȍ ȉȐȍȌȥȥ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȝȈȕȌȈȝ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ Ȕӄȕ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ șȖȨȓȌ ȝȈȔȈȈȘțțȓȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȕȈȑȏ ȕӄȝӄȌ,

ȝҸҸȝȥȌ, șȈȑȕ ȚȈȕȐȓ, ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ ȈȝȔȈȌ ȉțș ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ «ȟȐ» ȋȥȎ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ

ȈȝȔȈȌ, ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥșȥȕ, șȈȑȕ ȚȈȕȐȝȋҸȑ, ȖȋȚ ȚȈȕȐȝȋҸȑ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ «ȚȈ» ȋȥȎ ȝȈȘȤȞȌȈȋ. ȇȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȌȖȚȕȖ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ «ȟȐ» ȋȥȎ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȕȤ ȉҸȌҸҸȓȥȋ, ȌȖȘȌ Ҹȏșȥȕ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ țȌȐȘȌȈȝ ȌȈȘȋȈ

ȝҸȕ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ țȌȐȘȌȓȈȋȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ «ȟȐ» ȋȥȎ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȌȈȊțțȋȈȈ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ȔȥȚ

ȉȖȓȖȝ țȟȐȘ Țțȕ ȥȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǬȥȓȋҸҸȘȚ ȖȘȖȖȌ ȝțȌȈȓȌȈȋȟ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȣȋ ȕȈșȈȕȌ ȕȤ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȝȋҸȑ «ȥȋȟȥȥ» ȉțȦț «ȝҸҸȝȥȥȕ» ȋȥȝ ȕȤ

ȥȊȋҸȑ. ǶȘȟȕȣȝȖȖ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȌȈȈ ȥȓȌȥȊ ȥȘȥȥȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǩțȘțț ȏӄȊ

ȌțțȌșȈȕ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ҸȋȥȥȘ ȟȈȔȐȘȝȈȝ ȕȤ Țțȕ ȥȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǺǨ ǽǶǶǳǵȃ ȀǰǸȅȅǵǰǱ ǨǸǬ

ǹȖȨȓȚȖȑ ȏӄȊ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȥȘҸҸȓ ȔȥȕȌȥȌ ȟțȝȈȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓȚȖȑ. ǽȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȝȈȔȈȈȋҸȑ, Ȧț

ȚȈȈȘȈȓȌșȈȕȈȈ ȐȌȥȝ ȕȤ ȕȥȋ Ȩșȕȣ ȌȥȋȋҸȑ țțȟȐȓȠȋҸȑ șȈȓȈȕ ȏȈȌȋȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȦȔ. ȇȋ ȚȖȋȚȖȖșȖȕ ȞȈȋȚ

ȝȖȖȓȓȖȎ ȉȈȑȝȣȋ ȏӄȊȓӄȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǽҸҸȝȥȌ ȚȥȘ ȚțșȔȈȈ ȚȖȔȟțțȓ ȠȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȈȘȌ ȚțȕȐȘȝȈȎ,

ȈȓȉȈȌȓȈȋȈȈȘ ȦȔ ȠȐȋ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝ ȕȤ ȥȊȋҸȑ. ǽȈȟȐȘȚȈȑ ȚȈȓȝ, ȎȐȋȕȥȔȥȋ, ȈȔȚȚȈȕȣȋ ȏӄȊ ȉțș ȌȈȘȈȈȓȓȈȈȘ

ȝҸҸȝȌȥȌ ȐȌҸҸȓȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȏҸȑȚȥȑ. ǽҸȕȌ ȝҸȟȐȘ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝȖȖȘ ȠȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȈȘȌ șțțȝȣȕ

ҸȔȕӄ ȉȈȋȈ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȈȔȘȈȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ. ǶȘȖȑ țȕȚȈȝȈȈș ȝȖȨȘȖȖș ȋțȘȊȈȕ ȞȈȋȐȑȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝ

ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȝȥȚ ȐȌȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȏȖȝȐȔȎȚȖȑ. ǽȥȚ ȌҸҸȘȥȕ ȝȖȌȖȖȌ ȕȤ ӄȘȞӄȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȌȈȘȎ, ȞȥȥȎȕȐȑ

ȝȥȕȝȥȘȞȋȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ, ȏҸȘȝȕȐȑ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȋ ȝҸȕȌȘҸҸȓȎ, ȝȖȌȖȖȌ ȋȥȌȥșȕȐȑ ȏȈȔȣȕ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȋ

ȝȥȊȐȑȐ ȉțș ȉȖȓȋȖȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȕȈȞȋȈȈȧ. ȅȕȥ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȕȖȑȘ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȉțș ȉȖȓȎ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ șȥȘȋȥȥȎ ȚȥȕȝȘҸҸȓȎ

ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑȌ ȝҸȘȌȥȋ. ȀӄȕȐȑȕ ȥȥȓȎȐȑȕ ȈȎȐȓȌ ȋȈȘȈȝ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȓ ȖȘȖȑ șȈȑȚȈȘ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ.

ȀȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȈȘȌ ȉȐȍȥ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȈȊȟ ȉȈȑȝ Ȋȥ? ǯȈȈȊȈȓ ȉȐȍȓҸҸȓȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȋȖȘȐȔȣȋ ȌțȘȌȢȧ. ǩȈȋȈȟțțȓ

ȕȤ ȈȝȔȈȌ ȝțȔҸҸșȥȥș ȚҸȘҸҸȓȎ șțțȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ. ǫȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȋȐȠҸțȕ ȉҸȘȌ ȠȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȈȘȌ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ

șțțȌȈȓ ȕȖȋȌțțȓșȈȕ ȉȈȑȝ.

ǽȖȖȓȓȖȝ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȕȖȔ, șȖȕȐȕ țȕȠȐȝ ȕȤ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȔȎȋҸȑ.

ǵȥȋȌҸȋȥȥȘȚ, ȥȕȥ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȚ șțțȋȈȈ ȝҸȔҸҸșȥȥ Ҹȓ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥșȥȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ;

ǽȖȨȘȌțȋȈȈȘȚ ȝȖȖȓ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȝȖȌ ȔțțȋȈȈȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȕӄ.

ǫțȘȈȊȌțȋȈȈȘȚ, ȕȖȔ ȕȤ ȖȓȖȕ ȋȈȘ ȌȈȔȎȌȈȋ țȟȐȘ ȝȖȖȓȕȣ ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȕȤ ȥȘҸҸȓ ȈȝțȑȌ

ȚȖȝȐȘȖȝȋҸȑ;

ǬӄȘӄȊȌҸȋȥȥȘȚ ȕȖȔȖȖ ȚȖșȕȣ ȚȖȓȉȖ ȉȖȓȋȖȎ ȝȈȓȚȈȘȚțțȓȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǽȖȖȓȓȖȝȌȖȖ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȧȈȘȟ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ȇȈȘȈȓȋҸȑ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȏȈȎȐȓȎ, ȝȖȖȓȖȖ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȎȐȎȐȋȓȥȝ ȕȤ

ȏҸȑȚȥȑ. ǰȑȔȥȥș ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȧȘȐȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȏӄȊ. ȀȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȈȘȌ ȝțȚȋȈ, șȥȘȥȥ,

ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈ ȉȈȘȤȟȐȝȈȈȌ ȌȖȝȐȎ ȏȈȕȋȈȝ ȕȤ Țțȕ ȥȊȋҸȑ. ȇȔȈȘ ȟ ȝҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȋҸȑ ȝҸȕ ȓ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȌțțȓȎ,

ȐșȋȥȘȟ ȉȖȓȏȖȠȋҸȑ ȦȔ.


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ȀȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȏȈșșȈȕ ȝȖȖȓȕȣ ȉȈȋȈȎ ȝȥȘȥȋșȓȐȑȋ ȏӄȊ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝ ȕȤ șȖȨȓȟ ȉȖȓȖȊșȖȕ Ȩș ȏȈȘȟȔȣȕ ȟțȝȈȓ

ȉҸȘȌȥȓ ȝȥșȥȋ ȦȔ. ǹȥȘȥȥȋȥȥȘ ȐȌȥȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈȈȘ ȉҸҸ ȐȌȥȥȘȥȑ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȉȥȓ ȠȈȘșȈȕ

ӄȕȌӄȋ, ӄȕȌȋӄȕ ȎȈȊȘȈȑ, ȝȈȟȐȘ, ȕȖȋȖȖ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ. . .. ȀӄȓȐȑȋ ȚȈȊȈȋ ȉȧȓȝȚȈȓ ȝȐȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ȀӄȓȐȑȋ

ȝӄȘȋӄȝ ȋȥȎ ҸȓȥȥȝȐȑȕ ȖȘȖȕȌ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈȈȘ ȏӄӄȓӄȕ ȝțȚȋȈȝ ȕȤ ȏҸȑȚȥȑ. ǺȈȊȈȋȕȣ ȨȘȖȖȓȌ ȎȈȈȝȈȕ Ƞӄȓ

ҸȓȌȊȥȓ ȚȈȊȋȈȈ ӄӄȘ ȘҸҸȋȥȥ ȉȐȠ, ȋȈȌȈȋȠ ȕȤ ȉȈȋȈ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȚȖȕȋȖȑȓȋȖȝ ȕȤ ȏӄȊ ȦȔ, țȟȐȘ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ

ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȞȈȓȋȐțȓȎ ȝțȊȞșȈȕ ȌȥȥȘȥȥ Ƞӄȓ ȈșȋȈȎ ȉȖȓȏȖȠȋҸȑ.

ǽțȚȋȈ ȕȤ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȝȥȘȟȐȝ ȏȖȘȐțȓȈȓȚȚȈȑ țȟȐȘ ȝțȚȋȈȈȘ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȐȌȥȎ, ȈȔȈȕȌȈȈ ȖȑȘȚțțȓȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ,

ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȐȌȥȝ ȦȔ ȟ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǹȥȘȥȥȋȥȥȘ ȝȧȓȉȈȘȝȈȕ ȝțȊȈȈȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ, ȎȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ ȏȈȋȈș,

ȒȖȚȓȍȚ, ȕȖȋȖȖ, ȚȈȚȈȠ, ȝȈȑȘȔȈȓ, ȠȈȘșȈȕ ӄȕȌӄȋ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȐȑȋ ȝțȚȋȈȈȘ ȝȥȘȟȐȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ǯӄȊȝӄȕ șȥȘȥȥ

ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȍȌ șȥȘȥȥȋȥȥ ȉȈȘțțȕ ȋȈȘȚȈȈ ȉȈȘȤȎ. ȏҸҸȕ ȋȈȘȚȈȈ ȉȈȘȤșȈȕ ȏҸșȥȔ ȚȈȓȝȈȈȘ ȌȥȔȎȐȝ

ȔȈȧȋȈȈȘ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȕȥ. ȀȈȘșȈȕ ȔȈȝ, ȚӄȘӄȓ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȏȈȑȌȈș ȐȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȝțȚȋȈȈ ȉȈȘțțȕ ȋȈȘȚȈȈ,

șȥȘȥȥȋȥȥ ȏҸҸȕ ȋȈȘȚȈȈ ȉȈȘȐȕȈ. ǩҸȝȥȓ ȝȥȘȟȔȥȥ ȕȥȋ Ȕӄșӄȕ ȝȥȘȟȐȎ ȎȐȎȐȋȓȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ, ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȋȥȊȥȓ

ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȞȈȘȞȈȎ, ȈȔȚȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ. ȀȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȋȥȥȘȥȥ ȉҸȝȥȓ ȝȥșȋȥȥș ȚȈșȓȈȕ

ȎȐȎȐȋȓȥȝ ȕȤ ȏҸȑȚȥȑ.

ȀțȊțțȕȣ ȔȈȝȣȋ ȧȈȎ ȐȌȥȝ Ȋȥ?

ȇșȚȈȑ ȔȈȝȣȋ ȝțȚȋȈ, șȥȘȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȕ ȠțȓȕȈ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȧșȈȕȌ ȔȈȝ ҸȓȌȊȥȓ ҸȏҸҸȘȥȥș ȕȤ ȋȈȘȈȈȘȈȈ ȉȈȘȤȎ

ȐȌȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǺȈȊȋȈȕȌ ҸȓȌșȥȕ șҸȔșȐȑȋ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȉҸȋȌȐȑȋ ȝȈȔȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ǺҸҸȕȌ ȚȈȓȝ ȌҸȘȥȝ ȕȤ ȉҸȘ ȟ

ȏȖȝȐȔȎȋҸȑ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘȥȥș ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȦȔ ȈȊȈȝȣȋ ȝҸșȊȥȓ ȝȈȎțțȌȈȈ șțțȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȊȋȈȕ

ȌȥȥȋҸҸȘ ȚȖȕȋȖȑȝ, ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȋҸҸȘ ӄȕȋȐȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ǽȖȖȓȓȖȝȌȖȖ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥșȥȕ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈ, șȥȘȥȥ ȝțȚȋȣȋ

ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȚȈȊȋȈȕȌ ȝȐȑȝ ȕȤ ȏӄȊ. ǬȈȊș, ȋȐȟȐȑȋ ȏȖȘȐțȓȈȓȚȣȕ ȎȐȎȐȋ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈ ȉțȦț ȞȥȊȥȘ ȝțȚȋȈȕȣ

ҸȏҸҸȘȥȥȘ ȈȊȌȈȋ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȝțȚȋȈ, șȥȘȥȥȕȐȑ ȐȠȥȥȘ ȈȊȈȝ ȕȤ ȏȖȝȐȔȎȋҸȑ.

ǺȈȓȝȣȋ ȉȈȋȈȝȈȕ ȝȥȘȟȐȔ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȏҸșȥȥȌ ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȚȈȊȤȌȈȋ. ǺȈȓȝȣȋ șȈȊȕȈȈș ȕȤ ȋȈȘȈȈȘȈȈ ȈȊȟ

ȚȈȊȈȋȕȣȝȈȈ ȏҸҸȕ ȋȈȘ ȚȈȓȌ ȚȈȊȐȕȈ, ȚȥȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȉҸȚȥȥȓȋȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȉȐȠ, ȎȐȎȐȋ ȚȈȊȋȈȕȌ ȦȔ țț ȎȐȘȐȑȕ

ӄȌӄȘ ȚțȚȔȣȕ ȝȖȖȓȕȣ ҸȍȌ ȞȈȈșȈȕ ȈȓȟțțȘ ȌȥȥȘ ȚȈȊȤȌȈȋ. ǺȈȓȝȣȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ șȥȘȥȥȋȥȥȘ ȈȊȟ ȉȖȓȕȖ

(ȋȥȝȌȥȥ șȥȘȥȥȋȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝȥȥș ӄȔȕӄ). ǾȈȑ ȈȧȋȈȕȣ ȈȔșȘȈȈȘ ȉȧȓȝȚȈȓ ȈȧȋȈȓȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ǨȧȋȈȕȌȈȈ

ȟȐȝȥȘ ȝȐȑȝȌȥȥ ȚțșȋȈȑ ȏȖȘȐțȓȈȓȚȣȕ ȝȈȊȟȈȈȘ ȉțȦț ȞȈȑȕȣ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈȈȘ ȝȐȑȕȥ. ǾȈȑȋȈȈ ȟȐȔȥȥ

ȋȈȘȋȈȓȋҸȑ ȝțȚȋȈșȕȣ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈȈ ȌȐȑȏȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȈȊȟ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ, ȚȥȋȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȞȈȑ țțȝȈȌ ȟȐȕȤ

șȈȈȌ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȞȈȑȋ șțțȘȤȚȈȑ ȌȖȔȉȖȕ ȈȧȋȈȕȌ ȝȐȑȎ ӄȋșӄȕ ȉȖȓ ȝȈȓȉȈȋȈȈ ȈȊȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ, ȝȈȘȐȕ

ȉȈȘțțȕ ȋȈȘȣȕȝȈȈ ȝțȘțțȋȈȈȘ ȚțȓȎ ȉȈȘȐȈȌ ȞȈȑȋȈȈ țțȋȈȈȘȈȑ. ǩҸȋȌȥȥȘȥȥ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȎ ȌțțșȚȈȓ ȠȐȘȥȥȕȐȑ

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ǵȐȑȚȐȑȕ șțțȞȈȕȌ șțțȋȈȈ ȐȘȋȥȌ Ȉȑȓ ȝӄȘȠȐȑȕȝӄȕȚȥȑȋӄӄ Ȧțȕȣ ȚҸȘҸҸȕȌ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȞȖȝ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ.

ǵȐȑȚȐȑȕ șțțȞȈȕȌ ȖȘȠȐȕ șțțȋȟȌȣȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ, ȚȥȌȕȐȑ ҸҸȘȥȋ ȕȤ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ șțțȞȕȣ Ȍȥȋ ȋȖȘȐȔȣȕ

șȈȓȠȋҸȑ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȝȥșȥȋ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǺȥȘȝҸҸ Ȍȥȋ ȋȖȘȐȔȣȕ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȟțȝȈȓ ȕȤ ȉȐȍ ȉȐȍșȥȥ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȝ ȎțȘȈȔ ȦȔ.

ǶȘȠȐȕ șțțȋȟȐȌ șțțȞȈȈ ȥȏȕȐȑ ȨșȖȖȘ ȥȏȥȔȠȐȕ, ȠȈȚȌȈȋ ȝȐȑ, ȞȈȝȐȓȋȈȈȕ, țș ȔȥȚȐȑȋ ȈȘȐȋ ȋȈȔȚȈȑ

ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȕ, Ȉȝțȑ ҸȑȓȟȐȓȋȥȥȕȐȑ ȝӄȓș ȔӄȕȋȐȑȋ ȕȥȝҸҸȓȥȝȚȥȑ ȝțȋȈȞȈȈȕȌ ȕȤ ȚҸȓȎ, ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ șțțȞȕȣ

ȋȖȘȐȔ ȎțȘȔȣȋ ҸȓȋȥȘ ȎȐȠȥȥȟ șȈȝȐȊȈȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ.

ӃȘӄӄ ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈ ȞȥȊȥȘ ȞȥȔȞȋȥȘ, ȥȔȝ ȎțȘȈȔȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȚȈȈȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. Ȇțȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ (ȝțȊȈȈȘȤ ȦȔ țț,

ȋȘȈȜȐȒȈȈȘ) ȌȖȓȖȖ ȝȖȕȖȋȚ ȕȥȋȥȥș ȌȖȖȠȋҸȑ Ȑȝ ȞȥȊȥȘȓȥȋȥȥ ȚȖȋȚȔȖȓ ȝȐȑȎ, ȠȈȓȈȈ țȋȈȈȎ ȈȘȟȐȕ,

ȝȈȈȓȋȈ, ȘȈȌȐȈȚȖȘȣȕ ȚȖȖșȣȋ ȞȥȊȥȘȓȥȕ, ȞȖȕȝȖȖ țȋȈȈȎ, ȉȈȕȕ, ȉȐȍ ȏȈșȈȝ ȋȈȏȘȈȈ ȞȥȊȥȘȓȥȊȥȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ.

ǽȈȈȓȋȈȕȣ ȉȈȘȐțȓ, ȏȖȖȋȐȑȕ ȠȐȘȥȥ, țș ȚҸȋȥȥȋҸҸȘȐȑȕ ȒȘȈȕȚȣȋ Ȕӄȕ șȈȊȈȕȚȈȑ ȝȈȓțțȕ țșȈȈȘ țȋȈȈȊȈȓ

ȏȖȝȐȕȖ.

ӃȘӄӄ ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈȕȌȈȈ ȧȓȈȕȋțȧȈ ӄȊӄȓ ȞȥȊȥȘ ȈȋȈȈȘ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȖȘțțȓȈȝȣȋ ȔȈȘȚȈȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǻȟȐȘ ȕȤ

ȚҸҸȕȥȥș ȥȘҸҸȓ ȔȥȕȌ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ӄӄȌȘӄȋ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȝȈȔȈȈȘȌȈȋ. ӃȘӄӄ ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈȕȣȝȈȈ

ȟȐȑȋȠȐȓȚȐȑȋ ȐȝȥșȋȥȝȋҸȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ӄȘӄӄ ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈȕȌȈȈ ȦȔ țȋȈȈȝ ȉțȦț ȞȈȋȈȈȕ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȓ ȝȈȚȈȈȝȋҸȑȋ

ȉȖȌȊȖȓ ȏҸȋȥȥȘ.

ǶȘȕȣ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȠȈȚȈȕ ȌȥȥȘ șȈȓȝȐȕȌ ȚȈȊȐȝ, ȝȐȊș, ȋȈȌțțȘ ȝțȊȞȈșҶȣ ȚȖȖșȣȋ ȠȈȚȈȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȋӄȊӄȝ ȕȤ

ȥȘҸҸȓ ȈȝțȑȌ ȚȖȝȐȘȌȖȋȋҸȑ. ǻȟȐȘ ȕȤ șȈȓȝȐȕȌ ȚȈȊȤșȈȕ ȉțȦț ȋӄȊșȥȕ ȦȔȕȣ ȚȖȖș ȕȤ ȚȥȕȌȥȥșȥȥ

ӄȘӄӄȕҸҸȌȥȌ ȖȘȌȖȋ. ȅȌȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȋȈȌȈȈ ȞȥȊȥȘ ȈȋȈȈȘȚ ȞȥȊȥȘȓȥȊȥȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ. ӃȘӄӄ ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈȕȣȝȣȋ ȚȖȖș

șȖȘȖȋȟȖȖȘ ȞȥȊȥȘȓȥ. ǹțțȞȈȕȌ ȟȐȔȥȥ ȈȕȐȘȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȋțȌȔȈȕȌ ȠțțȋȐȓȌȈȝ, ȟȈȕȋȈ

ȌțțȓȈȝ, ȝӄȋȎȐȔ ȚȖȋȓȖȝ, ȚȍȓȍȊȐȏȍȘ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȘȈȌȐȖȋ ȟȈȕȋȈ ȌȥȥȘ ȕȤ ȚȈȊȐȝȣȋ ȞȥȥȘȓȥȊȥȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ.

ǩȐȌ ȉȐȍȥ ȉȈȘȐȝ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȚӄȘȝ ȚӄȓȊȐȑȋ ȌȥȥȘ ӄȋҸҸȓșȥȕ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȚӄȘȝ ȚӄȓӄȊ ȋȥȥȟ ȕȤ șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥ ȥȏȥȔȌȥȝ

ȟȈȌȊȈȘ ȦȔ. ǽҸȕ ȉҸȘ ȝȥȓȥȝ Ҹȋ, ȝȐȑȎ ȉțȑ ҸȑȓȌȓȥȥ ȧȔȈȋȚ ȝȧȕȈȝȈȌ șțȘȈȓȞȊȈȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ. ǽțȊȐȑȕȝȈȈ

șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌȓӄȓ, țȕȈȓȚȈȈ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȔȥȌȥȋȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȝ Ȧțȕ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȈȎ. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȥȏȥȔȌȥȝ ȋȥȥȟ ȕȤ ȋȥȘ

ȖȘȖȕȌ ȟ, ȝȈȈ ȟ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. Ƕȓȕȣ ȌȖȚȖȘ ȉȐȍȥ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝȈȌ ȕȤ ȚțșȈȓȌȈȋ ȉȐȍȥ ȉȈȘȐȝ ȟȈȕȈȘ ȕȤ ȏȈȘȐȔȌȈȈ

ȋȥȘ ȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ «ȏȖȎȐȋȘȖȝ»-ȖȌ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȚȈȓ ȉȐȑ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȕȤ Ȑȝ ȈȎȐȓȚȈȑ ӄȌȘȐȑȕ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȝȈȘȤȟȐȝȈȈȌ ȋȥȘ

ȖȘȕȣȝȕȖȖ ȠȈȓȤȋҸȑȝȕȥȥȘ ȋȖȖȟȓȖȕ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȏȖȊȌȖȋ. ǺȐȑȔȥȘȝҸҸ ȞȖȟȘȖȔȚȋȖȑ țțȘ țȞȈȈȘȣȋ ȧȌȈȘȋȈȈȕȣ

«ȚțȑȓȌȈȓ» ȋȥȌȥȋ. ǺȥȘ ȕȤ ȋȥȚȥȓ ȧȌȈȘȋȈȈȕȣ ȚțȑȓȌȓȣȕȝ ȉȐȠ ȉțșȌȣȋȈȈ, ȋȥȘ ȖȘȕȣȝȕȖȖ ȖȑȠȖȖȝȋҸȑȕȝ

ȦȔ. ǽȈȘȈȈȓ ȚȈȊȐȝȚȈȑ ȥȊȓȥȘȟ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǩȐȌȕȐȑ ȈȝțȑȋȈȈș ȚȥȘ ȉțȓȈȑ ȉțȏȈȘ ȉҸȘ Ȕӄșӄȕ ȈȘȐȓȉȈȓ

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ǽҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȚȋȖȑ șȈȑȝȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȣȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȎȐȠȥȥ ȉȖȓ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ șțțȞȕȣ ȌҸȘȔȐȑȋ

ȉȈȘȐȔȚȓȈȝ ȉӄȓȋӄӄ. ǸȈȌȐȖ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȈȋȟȈȈ ȠӄȕȐȑȕ 23 ȞȈȋȈȈș ӄȋȓӄӄȕȐȑ 8 ȞȈȋ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ ȏȥȘȋȥȓȌȥȥȝ

ӄȘӄӄȕȐȑȝȕӄӄ ȈȔȘȈȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȟȈȕȋȈȈȘ ȝȈȕȋȐȕțțȓȈȝȋҸȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǵȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȉțȦț ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ

ȉȈȧȘȣȕ ӄȌӄȘ ȝȈȈȧȈ ȉȈȑȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ. ǺҸҸȕȥȥ ȚȥȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȝӄȘȠȐȑȕȌӄӄ țȘȤȌȈȈș șȈȕțțȓȈȕ ȔȥȌȥȋȌȥȕȥ.

Ƿȧȕȏ ȚȖȋȓҸțȓȈȋȟ ȦȔ țț ӄșȋӄȋȟȐȑȋ ȚȈȋȚ ȌȥȥȘ ȦȔ țț ȥșȊȥȓ ȕȥȥȓȚȚȥȑ ȞȖȕȝȕȣ ȚȈȊȞȈȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȚȈȊȐȕ,

ȉȈȑȌȋȈȈȘ ȕȤ ȝȈȕȋȐȕțțȓȈȝ ȕȤ ȖȘȟȕȣȝȕȖȖ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȥȋҸȑȕȝ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȕȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǻȚșȈȈȘ ȕȈȔ

ȌțțȋȈȈȘ ȧȘȤ. ǩҸҸ ȝȈȠȋȐȟ. ǽȖȘȐȕ ȋțȘȊȈȕ ȞȈȋ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ țȚșȈȈȘ ȧȘȐȝ ȎțȘȔȣȋ șȈȝȤ. Ǩȑȓ ȝӄȘȠȐȑȕȝȕӄӄ

șȈȕȌȘȈȈȝȋҸȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȖȘȠȐȕ șțțȋȟ ȉҸȘ ȖȘȞȕȣ ȚҸȓȝҸҸȘȚȥȑ ȉȈȑ. ǽȈȈȓȋȣȋ ȏӄӄȓӄȕ ȟȐȔȥȥȋҸȑ ȖȕȋȖȑȓȋȖȎ

ȝȈȈȎ ȉȈȑ. ǽӄȘȠȐȑȕȝȕӄӄ ȚȈȊȣȋ ȥș ȈȓȌțțȓȈȕ, țȌȈȈȕ ȟȈȕȋȈ ȝȖȕȝȌȖȝȣȋ ȞȥȥȘȓȥ. ǽȖȕȝȖȖ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ

ȏӄӄȓӄȕ șȖȕșȖȋȌȖȝȖȖȘ ȚȈȊȤ.

Ǩȑȓ ȝӄȘȠȐȑȕȝӄȕȚȥȑȋӄӄ ȕȈȑȘșȈȋ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȟ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȚțșȓȈȓȞȈȝ ȕȤ șȈȑȕ. ȅȝȐȑ ȕȤ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑȌ

ȝҸҸȝȌȐȑ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȎ, ӄȊȌӄȝӄȌ ȕȤ ȥȔȟ ȌțțȌȈȕ, ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȉȖȓ ȥȔȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȟ ȥȔȐȑȕ șȈȕȋȈȈș

ȈȊȟȐȘȟ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȉțș țț.

ǽҷǴҷҷǹǰǱǵ ǬǻǵǬ ǩǨ ǫȅǸ ǶǸǶǵǬǶǶ

ǵȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌ ȉȐȍȥ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝțȑ. Ȇț ȦțȕȈȈș ӄȔȕӄ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȎ șțȘȈȝ ȕȤ ȥȘȝȥȔ ȦȔ.

ǺҸҸȕȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȝҸȕ, ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȌ ȖȘȟȕȣȝȕȣȝȖȖ ȚȈȊ Țțȝȣȋ, ȈȓȝȈȔ ȉҸȘȌȥȥ ȈȓȌțțȓȕȈ. ǵȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ

ȕȤ ȥș ȔȥȕȌȓȥȓȞȥȎ, ȕӄȋӄӄȋӄӄș țțȟȓȈȓȚ ȋțȑȝȈȈ ȔȈȘȚȈȝ, ȋțȘȈȊ ȌȈȝȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȋҸȑ ӄȕȋӄȘӄȝ,

ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑ ȝҸȕȌ șțțȌȈȓ ȚȈȊȤȎ ӄȋӄȝȋҸȑ, Ҹȍ ȚȥȕȋȐȑȕȝȥȕ ȠȐȋ ȕȈșȚȈȑȟțțȓȣȕ ȔӄȘȐȑȋ ȈȓȋȈȌȈȎ, ȝӄȋȠȌӄȌ

Ȩș ȈȓȌȈȕ, ȉҸșȋҸȑ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȗȈȓȤȚȖȋ ȥș ӄȔșȋӄȎ, ȝҸҸȘȕȥȋȟȥȥ ҸȋȥȥȘ ȋȖȔȌȖȖȕ, ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝȌȖȖ ȨȖȓȎ ȨȝȓȖȝ

ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ.

ǽҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȚȥȑ, ȝҸȕ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ șȖȋȚțț ȉțȦț șȈȝȓȈȈ ȝțșȈȈȋҸȑ, Ҹș ȋȥȏȋȥȥ șȈȔȕȈȈȋҸȑ,

ҸȘȟȐȑȎ ȝȖȘȟȐȑșȖȕ ȌȥȥȓȚȥȑ, ȈȘȟȐȎ ȏҸȓȋȥȥȋҸȑ ȋțȚȈȓȚȈȑ ȧȊȌȈȋȋҸȑ. ǽҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȚȥȑ ȝҸȕ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȈȎȐȓȌ

ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ȈȑȓȌ ȟ, ȝțȘȈȓ ȞțȋȓȈȈȕȌ ȟ, ȚȍȈȚȘ ҸȏȊȥȘȚ ȟ, țțȓȏȈȓȚ ȉȖȓȏȖȖȕȌ ȟ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȝȖȎȐȔȌȌȖȋȋҸȑ.

ǽҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȚȥȑ ȝҸȕ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȕ, ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȌȈȘțț ȚӄȓӄȊ ȧȊȌȋȈȈȘȈȈ ȝҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȋҸȑ ȝҸȕȥȥș

ȧȓȋȈȋȌȌȈȋ ȉȐȓȥȥ. ǽҸȕ ȍȘ ȕȤ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌ ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȧȊȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǺȥȋȥȝȐȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȉҸȝ

ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȐȑȕ ȝӄȋȎȐȕ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȕȥȋ ȖȝȐȌ ȝӄȊȋҸҸȌ ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȈȑȓȟȐȕ ȋȐȑȟȕȥȥȘ

ȧȊȈȝȌȈȈ ȉȐȍ ȉȈȘȐȕ, ȝȈȟȐȕ ȉȖȓȟȐȝȌȖȋ ȉȐȓȥȥ? ȋȥȊȥȓ ȈȘȋȈȋҸȑ ȠҸҸ Ȍȥȥ, ȚȥȌ ȟȐȕȤ Ȧț ȝȐȑȎ, ȧȘȐȝȈȈ

ȔȥȌȌȥȋȋҸȑ ȉțș țț. ǨȎȐȓ ȚӄȘӄȓȌӄӄ ȌțȘȠȐȕ, ȐȝȐȑȋ țȕȠȐȕ șțȘȟ, țȘȓȈȋ țȘȈȕ șȈȑȝȈȕȌ ȧȊȎ, Ҹȍ Ҹȍ

ȚȍȈȚȘ, Ȕțȏȍȑ Ҹȏȥȕ, ȝȥȕ ȖȓȖȕȚȖȑȋȖȖ ȕȐȑȞȥȘȝҸҸ ȧȊȕȈ, ȚȥȘȥȥȘ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȠȐȕȥ ȕȖȔȣȕ ȚțȝȈȑ ȔȈȘȋȈȝ.

ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ șȖȕȐȕ ȧȘȤȎ, ȉțșȌȣȕ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȟȈȋȕȈȕ, ȌțțȓȈȝȌȈȈ ȌțțȓȎ, ȉҸȎȐȝȌȥȥ ȉҸȎȐȕ,

ȚȖȋȓȖȕ ȝӄȋȎȐȝӄӄ ȔȥȌȌȥȋ ȉȐȓȥȥ. ǩțșȌȣȋ ȋȖȖȟȓȖȕ ȝȖȊ ȉҸҸ ȏҸҸ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȖȋȓȖȎ ȝȖȠȐȋȕȖȝȖȌ ȝҸȘȊȥȓ

ȌȥȘȋȥȌ ȉȈȑȋșȌȣȕȝȈȈ ȕȥȘ ȚӄȘȐȑȋ ȋȖȔȌȖȖȝȋҸȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥ. ǩțșȌȣȕ ȚӄȘȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȕȥȘ ȚӄȘ, ȕȈș ȏҸșȥȥȘ ȕȤ


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ȚȖȋȓȖȖȔ ȚȖȝțț ȝȐȑȝȐȑȋ ȝȈȚțț ȚȥȊȟ. ǽȥȚ ȉҸȌҸҸȕ ȦȔ țț ҸȋҸȑ ȉӄȋӄӄș ȝȥȚ ȚțȘȈȕȝȈȑ ȉȐȍ ȝȈȈȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȝ,

ȝȖȓȣȕ ȝȈȘȈȈ Ȕțț ȦȔ țț ȥșȊȥȓ ȥȝ ȥȞȥȋ ȕȤ ȉȈȋȈȌ ȕȤ ȕȥȕ ȝȈȟȐȕȈȈȘ ӄȝӄӄȘȌӄȎ ȕȥȘ ӄȋșӄȕ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȕȤ

ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȉțȘțț ȉȐȠ ȠҸҸ Ȍȥȥ. ǽҸҸȘȕȥȋȟȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȉҸҸ ȚȈșȈȓ. ǺȈȚȋȈȓȏȈȝȈȈșȈȈ țȘȌ ȋҸȑȞȥȌ șȖȕșȖȎ

șțȘ. ȇȘȐȈȋ ȟȐȕȤ ȝȥȘȥȊ ȚȈșȈȓȉȈȓ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȝȈȠȋȐȟ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȌțțȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȎ, ȚȈȚȋȈȓȏȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȐȑ ȕȤ

șȖȕș. ȇȘȐȝȌȈȈ șȖȕșȖȋȟȐȑȕȝȖȖ ȋȈȘȣȋ ȠҸҸȘȥȝ, ȚȖȊȟȖȖ ȖȘȖȓȌȖȕ ҸȋȚȥȥȝ, șȖȕșȖȋȟȖȖ ȕțȌȈȘȟ ȨȊȘȖȝȋҸȑ

ȉȈȑ. ǬȖȝȐȝ ȏȈȕȋȈȝȣȋ Ȕӄȕ ȚȥȊȟ. ǽȈȠȋȐȟȐȝ ȉțȦț ȟȈȕȋȈ, ȝȥȚ țȌȈȈȕ ȝӄȝȘӄȝȋҸȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥ.

ǬȥȘȋȥȌȥȝ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȚțȝȈȑ ӄȋҸҸȓȥȝȌȥȥ «ȚȥȘ», «ȥȕȥ», ȋȥȓȋҸȑ ȕȥȘ țșȈȈȘ ȕȤ ȧȘȤ.

ǺȍȈȚȘ, ȒȐȕȖ, ȒȓțȉȚ șțțȌȈȓȌȈȈ ȖȟȐȝȌȖȖ șțțȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȘҸҸ ȕҸҸȘȥȥ ȝȈȘțțȓȎ Ȗȟ. ǹțțȌȈȓȌȈȈ

șțțșȈȕ ȝȖȑȕȖ ȚȈȕȤ ȝȥȘȥȊ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑȋ șțțȌȈȓȌȈȈ ȖȟȊȖȓ ȉȖșȖȎ ȏȈȑ ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ӄȋ. ǨȓȐȊȈȈ ȉȥȓȋȐȑȋ ȉȈȧȘ

ȉȈȧșȋȈȓȈȕȚȈȑ ȈȊȟ șțȘ. ǽȈȑȕȋȈȝȈȕ ȦȔ țț ȥșȊȥȓ ȋȖȓȖȕȋțȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȕ ȉȥȓȥȋ ӄȋșӄȕ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȉҸҸ

ȋȖȔȌȖȖ. ȇȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȕȈșȕȣ, ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȝȈȓ Ҹȏșȥȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȚӄȘȝ ȉҸȝȐȑ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȏȈȕ

ȚӄȘȝӄӄȘ ȕȤ ȧȕȏ ȧȕȏ ȝȈȕȌȈȝ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ҷȕȥȕȐȑȋ ӄȋҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȥȕȌ ȓ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ șȖȨȓ ȖȘȠȐȔȖȑ. ǩȐȌ,

ȕӄȝӄȘ, ȈȕȌ, ȈȝȈȕ ȌҸҸș ȋȥȎ ȌțțȌȌȈȋ ȝҸȕ, ȝҸȕȥȥ ȋȥȝ Ȩșȣȋ ȥȘȝȥȔȓȥȕȥ. ǩȐȌȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȐȑȕ Ȩș ȏҸȑȕ

Ȕӄȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ ȐȓȚȋȥȋȟ ȥȕȥ ҸȋșȐȑȋ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ȉȐȍȥ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝ Ȍȥȋ Ȩșȕȣ ȈȔȤȌ ȉȐȍȓȥȓ ȉȖȓȋȖȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ ȓ

ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȎ șțȘȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǹȈȑȕ șȈȑȝȕȣȋ ȝҸșșȥȕ, ȕӄȝӄȘșӄȋ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȝҸȑȕ ȚȐȑȔ ȉȈȑȝ

ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȔȈȕȈȑ ȖȘȖȕȌ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǽҸȕȌȥȓȎ ȧȊȈȝȣȋ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ȌȖȚȖȘ șțȘȈȝȈȌ Ȧțȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ

ȥȘȝȥȔȓȥȕ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȝ, ȚȥȌȕȐȑȋ ȟȐȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥșȥȥ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȝȣȋ ȠȈȈȘȌȈȕȈ. ǶȘȟȐȕ ȚȖȑȘȕȣȝȖȖ ȝҸșȥȓ

ȥȘȔȥȓȏȓȐȑȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȕ, ȚȥȌȕȐȑ ȚȖȖȔșȖȘȓȖȊȖȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ. ǺȥȋȥȥȌ ȓ ȉȐȌȥȕȌ ȝҸȕ ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌ

ȦȔ țț ȥșȊȥȓ ȋȥȘȚȥȥ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝ ȕȤ ȖȑȓȋȖȋȌȖȎ, ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌ Ȍȥȋ Ȩșȣȋ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȓȈȝȣȋ

ȥȘȝȥȔȓȥȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǽҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțț ȉȈȑȝ ȋȥȋȟ ҸȕȥȋҸȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȦȔ ҸȕȥȌ ȖȘȖȕ, ȔȈȕȈȑȌ țȝȈȈȕȚ șțȘȋȈȈȓ ȉȖȓșȖȖȘ

țȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǽȈȘȈȔșȈȓȚȈȑ ȕȤ ȝȈȈȧȈ ȕȥȋ ȝҸȕ, ȝҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțț ȉȈȑȝȣȋ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȝȈȌ ȋȖȓ ȉȐȠ

ȝȈȔ ȏҸȑȓ ȋȥȝȥȌ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȕȤ ȝȖȊȖȘ ȚȈȈȘȈȓȌȈȝ ȋȈȕȞ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ӄȕȋӄȘșӄȕ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȦȔ ȋȥȎ ҸȏȥȎ

ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǫȥȚȥȓ ȏӄȊȓӄȓȚȐȑȕ ȝҸȕ, ȚȥȘ ȚțșȔȈȈ ȠȐȕȥ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐșȚ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ȚӄȘȝ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȚȥȑȋӄӄ

ȧȘȤȎ ȉțȑ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȕ, ȝҸȕȌȓȥȝ, ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȥȘȝȥȔ ȟȈȕȈȘȈȈ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțțȋȈȈȘ ȐȓȚȋȥȝ

țȟȐȘȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

ǽҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțț ȉȈȑȝ ȋȥȋȟ ȕȤ ȌȖȚȕȣȕ ȉțȦț ȝҸȕȌȥȓȉȥȥș ȏȖȝȐȝ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȈȌ

ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ, ȏҸș Ҹȏșȥȕ ȚӄȌȐȑ ȝҸȕȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȈȌ ȌȈȘțț ȋҸȌȥșȝȥȕ, ȚӄȊ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțț ȉȈȑȝȈȈȘ

ȐȓȥȘȕȥ. ǩȐȌ ȍȘ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȋҸȑ ȚȥȘ ȥȕȥ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȕȈȑȘȈȔȌțț ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȈȈș

ȟӄȓӄӄȓӄȋȌӄȝȋҸȑ.


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ǽҷǵǬǳȅǴǺǫǰǱ ǵǨǱǸǨǴǬǻǻ ǽҷǵ:

«ǺȈ ȈȔȈȘ ȔȥȕȌ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț?» ȋȥȎ ȉȐȓȥȋȌȓȐȑȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ Ȧțȕȣ ȚҸȘҸҸȕȌ ȝȥȓȎ, ȈȓȐȊȈȈȋ

ȝҸșȥȝȌȥȥ «ǨȎȈȈȔ țț», «ǺȈ ȚțșȓȈȝ șȈȕ ȉȖȓȖȊ țț?» «ǩȖȓȋȖȖȕȖ țț?» ȋȥȝȐȑȕ ȈȓȐȕȣȋ

ȕȤ ӄȋҸҸȓȥȕ, ȈȕȝȈȈȘȟ, ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑȋ ȚțșȈȓȉȈȓ ȉȈȧȘȓȈȎ ȋȧȓȈȑșȕȈȈ ȝȈȘȐțȓȎ, ȉțșȌȣȋ

ȋȖȔȌȖȖȝȖȌ ȉțȦț șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥ ȚȈȊȋҸȑȌȥȝȥȌ «ǻțȟȓȈȕ ȈȎȈȈȔ țț», «ӃȘȠӄӄȎ Ҹȏȕȥ ҸҸ»

ȋȥȎ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ӄȋҸҸȓȌȥȋ ȉȐȓȥȥ.

ȅȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȘ ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑȟҸҸȌȐȑȋ ȖȕȞȓȖȕ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǴȈȕȈȑ ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑȟҸҸȌ ȉȖȓ ȉȥȘ, ȥȝȕȥȘ,

ȥȝ, ȋȥȘȐȑȕ ȥȏȥȋȚȥȑ, ȥȝ ȖȘȕȣ ȔȈȈȕȤ ȐȘȋȥȕ ȦȔ. ȅȔȥȋȚȥȑȟҸҸȌȐȑȋ ȉȐȌ Ȕӄȕ ȝȈȔȚ Ȗȓȕȣ ȥȘȝ ȚȥȋȠ,

ȋȐȠҸҸȕȐȑ ȕȤ ȝțȊȤȌ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǹȖȨȓȟ, ȝҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ ȝҸȕȐȑ Ȉȧ ȌȈȕȟ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȥȕȌ ȝȈȘȈȋȌȈȕȈ. Ǩȧ

ȌȈȕ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȌȓȥȔȚȋȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȐȓȘȥȓ ȦȔ, Ǩȧ ȌȈȕȟ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȋȟ ȉȖȓȉȖȓ ȉțșȌȣȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȋ

ȔȥȌȘȥȕ, ȏȈȕ ȈȈȓȐȑȕ ȕȤ ӄȊӄȘȔӄȞ ȠȐȕȎȐȑ ȕȤ ȉȖȌȖȓȞȖȕ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȋȟ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȖȑȠȖȖȕ ȚȖȖȔșȖȘȓȖȎ,

ȝțȊȤ ȉȖȌȋȈȓȤ ȚӄȘȝȐȑȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȈȘȋȈȈ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝȣȋ ȝȥȓȕȥ.

ǽҸȕȐȑ ȖȦțȕ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ șȈȑȝȈȕ ȕȤ ȉȐȍ ȉȧȓȌȘȣȕ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȌ ȚȍȈȚȘ, ȞȥȕȋȥȓȌȥȝ ȝҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ, ȋțȌȈȔȎȐȕȌ

ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȚȈȑ ȝȖșȖȓȕȖ. ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ ȚȥȘ ȕȤ ȝȈȈ ȟ ȉȐȍȥ șȖȨȓȚȖȑ ȝҸȕ ȠȐȋ

ȥȏȥȔȌȥȕȥ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ ȦȔ. ǻȝȈȔșȈȘȚȈȑ, șȖȨȓȚȖȑ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓ ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȝȈȈȕȈ ȟ Ȉȧ ȌȈȕ ȈȓȌȈȝȋҸȑ,

ȉȐȍȥ ȥȏȥȔȌȥȕ ȨșȖȕȌ ȝȈȏȋȈȑ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȞȥȥȘȓȥȕȥ. ǺȐȑȔ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȝҸȔҸҸȎȐȓȋҸȑ, Ȉȝ ȏȈȝ Ȩș ȔȥȌȥȝȋҸȑ, ȔțȕȝȈȋ

ȝҸȔҸҸș ȓ ȟȈȓȟȐȎ ȧȊȌȈȋ ȉӄȓȋӄӄ.

ǹȈȑȕ ȝҸȕșȥȘȝȥȝ ȟ Ȍȥȥ, ȚȐȑȔ ȟ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȦȔ țț ȌȈȈ ȋȥȎ, șȈȑȕ Ҹȑȓ, Ҹȋ, ȚӄȘȝ ȚӄȓȊȐȑȋ ȕȥȋȕȐȑȋȥȥ

ȉȈșȈȔȎȓȈȝȈȌ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȕ, șȈȝȓȈȈ ȉҸȚȥȕ ȌȖȓȖȖ ȝȖȕȖȋȚ ȝțșȈȓȋҸȑ, ȋțȚȓȈȈ ӄȌӄȘȚӄӄ ȈȘȟȐȓȋҸȑ,

ȋȈȘ ȝӄȓӄӄ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄȘӄӄ șȈȊȟȐȕ, ȔӄȘӄȕ ȌȥȥȋҸҸȘȥȥ ȕțȓȐȔȟȐȎ ȧȊȈȝȈȌ Ȧț ȕȤ Ȕțț ȉȈȑȕȈ,

ȉȈȑȌȋȈȈȘȈȈ ȓ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȐȏ ȋȥȎ ȌțțȋҸȑ ӄȕȋӄȘӄȝ, ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȉțȘțțȌȌȈȋ Ȋȥ ȋȥȊȥȓ ȟțȝȈȔȌȈȈ ȝȥȕ ȏӄȊ

ȞȥȋȞȚȥȑ ȥș ȧȘȤȎ, ȝțȊȞȈș ȝțȕȈȘȈȈ ȞȥȊȥȘ ȥș ӄȔșӄȎ, ȖȘȟȕȣȝȖȕȚȖȑȋȖȖ Ȉȧ ȌȈȕȚȈȑ ȥș ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȈ, ȚȥȘ

ȈȎȐȓȌȈȈ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȉȐȍȥ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝȌȈȈ ȚȐȑȔ ȝȈȑȝȘȈȔȎȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ ȉȐȓȥȥ. ǹȈȓȈȕ ȏȈȌȋȈȑ ȚȐȑȔȥȘȝҸҸ

ȝҸȔҸҸș ȐȝȥȕȝȌȥȥ șȈȝȐȓȋȈȋҸȑ, ȈȎȓȣȕ ȉȈȑȘȕȣ șȖȨȓȣȋ ȖȑȠȖȖȕ ȝȥȓșȥȕ ҸȋȥȕȌȥȥ ȥș ȝҸȘȟ, ȝȈȔȚ ȖȓȕȖȖ

ȝȖȝȐȘȖȖȝȣȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȥȝȕȥȘ ȝҸҸȝȥȌȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȟ ȚȐȑȔȥȘȝҸҸ ȝȈȑȕȋȈ ȠȐȘҸҸȕ ȌȖȘȐțȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȌȈȋ. ӃȕȋӄȕȌӄӄ

șȈȑȝȈȕ ȏȈȕ ȈȈȓȤȚȈȑ ȟ ȝҸȕ ȝȈȘȐȕ Ҹȏȥȓ șțȘȚȓȈȈȘ ȌȖȘȖȑ, ȔȥȌȓȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓȖȖȘ ȧȌțțȘȟ, ȖȘȟȐȕ ҸȍȐȑȕ

ȉȥȘȚȥȋȟȌȐȑȕ Ȩș șțȘȚȈȝțțȕȌ ȈȊȚȈȕ, ȝțȊȐȑȕ ӄȟҸҸȝȥȕ ȥȘȝ ȈȠȋȈȈ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕȝȥȥș ȌȥȥȌȥȓȉȥȓ Ȕӄȕ ȓ

ȕȐȑȋȥȔȌ Ҹȕȥ Ȟȥȕȥȥ ȈȓȌȈȕȈ.

ǽҷǵ ǽǶǶǸǶǵǬȃǵ ǽǨǸȄǾǨǨ ǯȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȏȈȔȌ ȉȐȌ Ҹȑ ȖȓȖȕ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȋȈȘȌȈȋ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȚȥȘ ȉҸȝ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȈȈș ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ, ȕȈȈȠȚȈȑ ҸȘ ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ȈȊȟ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȈȔȐȕ ȟțȝȈȓ ȈșțțȌȈȓ ȉȖȓȖȕ

ȝțȊȐȘȌȈȋ. ӃȔȕӄ ȕȤ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȣȕ ȚțȝȈȑ ȧȘȐȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉҸȝ ȓ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕ

ȌȥȥȘ șțțȓȋȈȕ ȈȊȟ ҸȏȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǻȟȐȘ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȕȥȋ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȣ ȞȈȈȕȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ


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ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȌ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓȥȕ Ȧț ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȖȑȓȋȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

ǩȐ ȥȕȥ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ țțȓȏȈșȕȈȈȘ ȦțȕȌ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȋȥȥȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȐȓȥȥ ȋȥȎ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ ȈșțțȋȈȈȌ, ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȕ

ȕȈȘȐȑȊȟȐȓșȈȕ, ȉȖȌȐȚȖȑ ȝȈȘȐțȓȚ ȈȊȟ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȧȔȈȘ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȕ

ȞȈȈȠȐȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋȥȥ ȚȈșȓȈȓȋҸȑ ȈȊȟ ȧȊȈȝ Ȋȥ, ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȋ ȧȔȈȘ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȉȈȓ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ

șȈȑȕ ȉȈȑȕȈ Ȋȥ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ șȈȑȚȈȘ ȉȖȌ. ǵȥȋ ȝҸȕȌ ȚȖȝȐȘșȖȕ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓ ӄӄȘ ȕȥȋ ȝҸȕȌ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȝȋҸȑ

ȉțȦț ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ҸȘȋȥȓȎ șȈȕȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȚțȕ. ȅȕȌ

ȝȥȌ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǽǨǸȄǾǨǮ ǩǨǱǫǨǨ ǽҷǵ Ȁǰǫȅȅ ǩǨǱǽ

ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȚȈȕȐȓȞȈȝ, ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝȖȌ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȓȈȝ ȨșȚȖȑ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȟțȝȈȓ ȏȈȘȟȔțțȌȣȕ ȕȥȋ.

ǽҸȕ ӄӄȘȚȥȑȋӄӄ ȈȌȐȓȝȈȕ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȌțȘȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȚȥȘ ȝҸȕ ȠȐȋ ȧȘȤȎ, șȥȚȋȥȝȐȑȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥ. ǺȥȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȍȘȚӄȕȞ ȘҸҸ ӄȕȋȐȑȋȥȥȌ, ȚȥȕȌ ȔӄȘȌӄȋȌȌӄȋ ȝțțȓȐțȌȣȋ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȓȈȝ ȋȥȥȌ Ҹȏ. ȅȝȓȥȥȌ

ȉȐ ȐȑȔ ȋȈȘȈȓ țȋșȈȈ, ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓ, ȔȥȘȋȥȎȐȓ, ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓ, ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓ, ȕȈȑȏ ȕӄȝӄȌȚȥȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȖȓ Ȧț

ȋȥȎ șȥȚȋȥȝ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȥ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȈ ȚȥȘ ȝҸȕȥȥș ȖȋȚ ӄӄȘ șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓ, ȕȈȑȏ ȕӄȝȌȐȑȕ ȝҸȘȥȥ, Ҹȏȥȓ

ȉȖȌȖȓ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȈȓȌȈȋ ȉȖȓ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝȖȌ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȉȐȠ ȦȔȈȈ ȋȥȝȥȌ Țțȕ ȟ ȉȥȘȝȠȥȥȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȝ

ȉȖȓȕȖ. Ǵӄȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȋȈȌȕȈȈ ҸȏҸҸȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȌȖȝȐȖ ȏȈȕȋȈȈ, ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȝțȊȐȘȈȓ, Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑ, ȝȈȘȞ,

ȧȊȌȈȓ, șțțȌȈȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȟțȝȈȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓȚȖȑ. ǽҸȕȚȥȑ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ

ӄȌӄӄȝȐȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȏȖȝȐȞȖȕ, ȌȈȋȈȌȈȋ. ǺȖȓȐȕȣ ȚțșȋȈȓ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȈȘȋȣȋ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ șȥȚȋȥȓ șțȌȓȈȓȣȕ Ȉȕȝȕȣ ȔȥȌȥȋȌȥȝҸҸȕȚȥȑ ȝҸȔҸҸș șȈȑȕ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȥȝȥȌ, ȚțȝȈȑȕ

ȝҸȕ ȐȕȥȥȝȥȌ ȚȈ ȌȈȋȈȎ Ȑȕȥȥȝ, ȝӄȔșȋӄӄ ӄȘȋӄȊӄȓ ȈȌȐȓȝȈȕ ӄȘȋӄȝ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ. ȅȕȥ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ

ȝțȊȐȘȓȣȋ ȌȈȋȈșȕȈȈȘ ȝȧȓȉȈȘȝȈȕ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǽȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖșȖȕ ȚȥȘ Ȕӄȟӄӄș ȥȝȓȥȕ

ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȝțȊȐȘȓȣȋ ȌȈȋȈȝ ȉҸȝ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȝȈȘ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ, ȚȈȕȣ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȔȥȚ ȧȊȈȋȌȈȎ ȥȝȥȓȌȥȋ.

ǽȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȧȊȞȈȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȈȘȋțțȌȣȕ ҸȘ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȝȧȕȈȎ, ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ

ȉȖȓ ȚȖȝȐȘȋȖȖ ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. Ǵӄȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ Ȍțț, ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȣ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ȌȈȋȈȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ

ȝȥȓȥȝ ȌțȘȚȈȑ Ҹȋ, ȝȥȓȓȥȋȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȝ ȕȤ Ȕӄȕ ȓ ҸȘ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ. ǽȈȘȈȝ, ȕҸҸȘ ȈȔȕȣ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȐȑȋ

ȌțțȘȈȑȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉțșȈȌ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ҸȍȌ ȉțȦț țȚșȈȈȘ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ, ȝȥȓ ȧȘȐȈ,

Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȣ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ȌȈȋȈȝ ȕȤ Țțȕ ȟțȝȈȓ ȉȖȓȎ ȐȘȌȥȋ.

ǬǨǫǻǻǳǨǽ ǩǻȆǻ ǹǨǵǨǨǿǳǨǫȃǫ ǫǨǸǺǨǨ ǨǪǨǽ

ȇȕȏ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȕȤ ȌțțȘȈȑȝ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȕ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȌțțȘȈȑȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ șȈȕȈȈȟȓȈȋȣȋ

ȋȈȘȚȈȈ ȈȊȈȕ ȈȘȈȈșȈȈ ȌȈȋțțȓȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽҸȔҸҸș ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȝ ҸȍȌȥȥ ӄӄȘșȌӄӄ ȟ

ȔȥȌȥȓȋҸȑ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȋ ȌțțȘȈȑȎ ȥȝȥȓȌȥȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȉȥȓ, ȕȥȋ ȕȤ ȝӄȓӄӄ ȈȟȐȝȈȌ

ȕӄȋӄӄȝ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȥȓȋҸȑ ȌțțȘȈȑȕ ȝӄȓӄӄ ȈȟȐȝ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ. ȅȕȥ ҸȏȥȋȌȓȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȕ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȕӄȋӄӄ

ȝҸȕȥȥ ȌțțȘȈȑȝ ȉțș ȝȈȘȐȕ șȥȔȝȥȕ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȥȥȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȋ ȌțțȘȈȑȓȋȈȕ ȌȈȋțțȓȎ

ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȉȥȓ, ȝҸȕ ȈȓȋȈȈ ȌȥȥȠ ȝȈȘțțȓȈȕ ȋȈȘȈȈ ȈȓȌȓȈȕ șțțȝ ҸȍȌ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȓȥȕ ȌȈȓȈȕȋҸȑ

ȧȘȤȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȐȑȔ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘȎ, ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȌȈȋțțȓșȕȈȈȘ ȐȓҸҸȚȥȑ ȐȓҸҸ ȌȈȓȈȕȋțȑ, ȥȍȘȥȋ


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ҸȘ ȌҸȕȚȥȑ ȧȘȐȈ ӄȌӄӄȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȝ ȋȥȥȌ ҸȏȥȥȘȥȑ. ǫȥȝȌȥȥ ȚȈȕȣ

ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȔțțȝȈȕ ȎҸȎȐȋȟȕȐȑȝ ȠȐȋ ȉȖȓȝȐ ȕҸȌȥȥ ȚțșȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȦȔ ȉȖȓ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȌțȘȋҸȑ ȝҸȘȋȥȝȥȥș

ȞȈȈȠȋҸȑ, ȚȈȈȘțțȝȈȕ ȐȕȥȥȌȔȐȑȕ ȒȐȕȖ ȠȐȋ ȏҸȑȓ ȉȖȓȕȖ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎ ȈȊȈȈȘȈȑ.

ǷǸǨǲǺǰǲ ǯӃǪǳӃǫӃӃ

ǻțȘȓȈșȈȕ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȚȈȑȊȠȘțțȓȈȝ Ȋȥ?

ǻțȘȓȈșȈȕ ȝҸȕ ȌțțȋȈȈ ȕȈȔșȋȈȕ, țȌȈȈȕ ȧȘȤȎ ȥȝȥȓȊȥȓ ȚȈ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȌțțȋȈȈ ȕȈȔșȋȈȕ țȌȈȈȕ ȧȘȤȎ

ȥȝȓȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǺȈ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȈȈ ȌȈȋȈȓȌȈȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ȥȍȘȥȋ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ

ȚȥȘ. YҸȕȐȑ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȚȈ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȖȕȞȓȖȋȚ ȋȈȘȈȝ ȌțȘȣȕ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȓȚҸҸȌȐȑȋ ȝȥȏȥȥ, ȧȈȎ

ȌȈȋȈȝ ȌȖȝȐȖ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ, ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȌȈȋțțȓȈȝȈȈ ȠȐȑȌȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǽȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȉҸȝ ȓ ȧȊȞ,

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ ȋȥȥȌ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȚȈ ȝȧȕȈȎ, țȌȐȘȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

1. ǽȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȋ, șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝ Ȋȥ?

ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȚȖȋȚȖȖșȖȕ ȥȍȘȥȋ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȋ ȚȈșȓȈȓȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȔȈȕȈȑȝȕȣ ȧȘȤȌȋȈȈȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ

“ȕȈșȚȘ”-ȣȋ ȉțȦț ȚțȝȈȑȕ ҸȍȐȑȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȚӄȓӄȊȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝӄȌ șȈȕȈȔșȈȘȋҸȑ ȔȥȚ, ȝȈȓȤȚ ȝȐȑșȥȕ

ȋȥȕȥȚȐȑȕ Ҹȋ ȓ ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȥȝȥȌ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȎȐȋȌ ȧȊȞȣȋ ȚȈșȓȈȕ ȝȥȌȝȥȕ șȍȒțȕȌ ȌțțȋȈȈ

ȝțȘȈȈȝ ȦȔțț ȥșȊȥȓ ȌțțȕȣȝȈȈ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝӄȌ ȓ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȕȤ ȕȈșȚȘ, șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ӄȕȋӄ

ӄӄȘȟȓӄȋȌӄȕӄ.

2. ȇȘȐȈȋȈȈ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ Țӄȋșȋӄȝ Ȋȥ?

ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȈ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȋȈȈ ȏȖȋșȖȖȝȣȋ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȉțȘțț ȚȐȑȠȥȥ ȝȈȘȈȝ, ȠȐȘȥȥ ȈȓȋȈȌȈȝ ȋȥȝ

ȔȥȚȐȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ șȈȕȈȈȕȌ ȖȘȖȔȋҸȑ ȋȥȕȥȚȐȑȕ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȝȐȑȝȥȌ ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ. ǰȑȔȥȘȝҸҸ ҸȑȓȌȓҸҸȌ ȕȤ

ȋȖȓȌțț ȕȥȋȥȕȚ ȚȖȋȚȖȖșȖȕ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȋ ȕȥȋ Ȕӄșӄȕ ȚȈșȓȈȌȈȋ.


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Ǭǻǻ ǽǶǶǳǶǱ

ǫȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȈȈȌ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȌoȋȐȑȕ ȈȌȐȓȈȈȘ ȚȈȕȣȋ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȚȈȕȤ

ȌҸȋȕȥȌȥȋ. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȉțșȌȣȕ ȌțȘȣȋ ȉțȓȈȈȎ, ȐȚȋȥȓ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȎ, șҸȘȌҸҸȓȎ, ȉҸȘ

ȎȐȋȠҸҸȓȎ ȟ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǹȈȑȝȈȕ ȝȖȖȓȖȑ ȉȖȓ ȚțȠȈȈȓ ȌȥȊȠȐȎ, ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȖȓȖȝ ȚȈȈȚȈȑ ȝӄȘș ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ȚȈȕȌ

ȐȚȋȥȓ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȎ, ӄȔȕӄ ȚȈȕȤ ȝȈȈȓȚȚȈȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȝȈȈȓȋțțȌȣȋ ȕȥȥȎ ӄȋȌӄȋ. ǨȧȓȋțțȚȈȑ, ȕȈȔțțȕ, ȚȈȑȊȈȕ.

ǰȑȔ ȓ ȝȖȖȓȖȑ ȉțșȌȣȋ ȉȈȑȓȌȈȕ ȥȏȥȔȌȥȎ, ȧȓȈȓȚȈȕȌ ȝҸȘȌȥȋ. ǿȐȝȈȘșȈȕ, ȋțȕȠȈȈ Ȍțț ӄȘșӄȓȌӄӄȕȌ

ȠȈȝȈȋȌȌȈȋ. ǺȈ șȥȚȋȥȓȌ ҸȓȌȥȔ ȧȘțțȝȈȕ ӄȕȋӄ ȈȧșȈȈȘ ȧȘȐȝȣȋ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȕȤ ȓȈȊȚȈȑ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ

ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ șȖȋȖȋȐȑȋ ȖȓȎ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȋȚțȕ. YҸȕȐȑ Ȍțț ȝțȘȈȈȋȟȌȈȈ ȠȐȕȥȝȥȕ ȝȈȓȤș

ȝȐȑȋȥȥȌ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȉȈȧȘ ȉȈȧșȋȈȓȈȕȚȈȑ, ȉȈș șȥȚȋȥȓ ȋȖȕșȖȑȓȋȖșȖȕ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȓȣȕȝȖȖ ȚțȝȈȑ ȧȘȐȈȘȈȑ.

ǶȌȖȖ ȚȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȉȐȟșȥȕ ȉȐȟȓȥȋȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȚțșȓȈȔȎȚȈȑȋȈȈȘ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋȖȖ ȏȈșȈȝȣȋ ȝȐȟȥȥ. ǰȑȔ

ȏȈșȊȈȘȣȋ 4 ȝȥȔȎҸҸȘȥȥȘ ȌҸȋȕȥȎ ȝȐȑȌȥȋ.

1. Ӄȕȋӄ. ǺȈȕȣ ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕ ӄȕȋӄ ȝȥȚ ӄȚȋӄȕ, ȝҸȕȋȥȕȥșȥȕ ȉȖȓ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȠȐȕȋȥȓȥȝȐȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥ.

ǽȥȘȥȊ ȠȐȕȋȥȕ /ȕȈȘȐȑȕ/ ȉȖȓ ȥșȘȥȋȥȥȘ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȘȥȑ. YҸȕȐȑ ȝȈȔȚ ȠȈȝȈȋȌșȈȕ, ȌȈȊȟțț,

ȕȥȋȥȕ ȝȥȊȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȝȧȕȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

2. Ǩȧȏ. ǽȥȚȥȘȝȐȑ ȚҸȘȋȥȕ ȧȈȘțț ȉȈȑȕȈ țț, țȌȈȎ ȚҸȋȌȥȘȟ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț ȋȥȌȋȥȥ ȝȧȕȈȕȈ.

3. ǰȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȓ. ȇȔȈȘ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ? ǩȈȧȘ ȉȈȧșȈȓ, ȈȑȔȠȐȋ, țȑȚȋȈȘ,

șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓ țț? ȅșȊȥȓ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝȈȕȈȔȎ, ȐȚȋȥȓȋҸȑ ȦȔ țț, ȕӄȝӄȘșӄȋ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ țț?

4. ǹȖȕșȖȞ. ǫțȕȠȐȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț, Țӄȋșȋӄȓӄӄ ȏȈȓȋȐȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț? ǵȥȋȥȕ ȝȥȔȥȥȘ țȑȚȋȈȘȚȈȑ

ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț? ǶȑȓȋȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȎ ȟȈȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț ȋȥȌȋȥȥ ȝȧȕȈ.

ȅȕȥ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ șȈȑȚȈȘ șȖȕșȖȎ, ȚȖȋȚȖȖȋȖȖȌ ȖȓȖȕ ȌȈȝȐȕ ȉȥȓȚȋȥȥȘȥȑ. ȅȕȥ ȌȈȋțț ȝȐȟȥȥȓȓȥȊȥȓ ȚȈ ȧȔȈȘ ȟ

ȥȊȋҸȑ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋ ȏȈșȟ ȟȈȌȕȈ. ǹȈȑȝȈȕ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑ ȈȘȈȈșȈȈ ҸȘȋȥȓȎ ȈȔȎȐȓȚ, ȉțșȌȣȕ ȋȈȑȝȈȕ

ȉȐȠȐȘșȥȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȌȖȋȌȓȖȓȣȋ ȌȈȋțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǯӃǪǳӃǫӃӃ:

1. ǵȐȔȉȥȋȚȥȑ ȉҸȓȥȥȕ ȞȈȑ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȚȈȕȣ ȝȖȖȓȖȑȌ țȧȕ ȏӄӄȓӄȕ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ȈȊȟȘȈȝ ȝȖșȋҸȑ țȕȌȈȈ.

ǻȘȈȕ ȐȓȚȋȥȋȟȐȌ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȝȖȖ ȚȈȈȓȈȔȎȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȝȈȌȋȈȓȈȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȌțșȈȓ

ȕȐȔȉȥȋȕȐȑ ȠҸҸș ȌțșȈȈșȈȕ, ȚȈșȈȓȋȈȈȕȣ ȝȥȔȚȥȑ țșȣȋ ȚȖȋȚȔȖȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȌȥȋ. Ǵӄȕ ȉҸȓȥȥșȋȥșȥȕ

ȚȈȘȋȐȑȋ ȌțțȘȐȑȕ ȌțțȟȐȌ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ țțȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

2. ǺȈ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ҸȓȋȥȘ ȦȔ țț, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȧȘȐȈ ȐȝȚȥȑ ȏȖȝȐȖȓȣȋ ȟȈȕȋȈ ȌțțȋȈȈȘ țȕȠȐȕ Ȍțț

ȝțȘȈȈȋțțȘȚ ȉȐȟȐȎ ȈȊ. ǰȕȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȣȝȖȖ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ ӄȕȌӄȘ ȕȈȔ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ, ȈȑȔȠȐȋȚȈȑ, ȉȈȧȘ

ȉȈȧșȋȈȓȈȕȚȈȑ, ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘȚȥȑ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȓțțȌȈȌ ȕȤ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕӄӄ Ȍțț

ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋȖȖȘȖȖ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȝȐȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥȋȥȥȘȥȑ. ǰȕȋȥȊȥȓ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈȕȣ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓ

ȌțȕȌȈȝ șțȓ ȚȈȓȣȋ șȖȕșȖȎ, ȏȈșȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎ ȕȥȥȋȌȥȕȥ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȋȈȑȝȈȔȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȕӄȓӄӄ

ҸȏҸҸȓȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ ȈȔȤȌ ȌȈșȋȈȓ ȦȔ.


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ǲǶǵǫǸǻȅǵǺ ǩǨǱǬǨǳ ǩǻȆǻ ǯǶǽǰǾǶǳǬǶǳǫǶǶ

ǽȥȘȥȊ ȟțȝȈȓ ȏҸȑȓ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȝȌȈȈ ȚȈș ȚȈș ȝȐȑȚȥȓ ȝӄȝȘӄӄȌ, ȥșȊȥȓ ҸȋȥȥȘȥȥ ȚȐȑȔ ȋȥȟȐȝȥȥȌ ȚȖȓȋȖȑȋȖȖ

șȥȋșȘȥȥȌ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȥȍȘȥȋ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȕȤ ȔȥȌȥȥȎ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ҸȑȓȐȑȋ

ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȥȋȟ Ȍțțȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ, ȌȖȝȐȖ ȏȈȕȋȈȈ, ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȝțȊȐȘȈȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȏҸȑȓș ȕȤ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ

ȏȖȝȐȞȖȓȌȖȓȋȖȖȚȖȑ ȉțȦț ȒȖȕȋȘțȥȕȚ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓȚȖȑ. ȅȕȥ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȧȔȈȋȚ ȝȧȕȈȎ

ȉȈȑ. ǫȥȝȌȥȥ ȚȈ țȝȈȔșȈȈȘ ȝȧȕȈȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ ҸȑȓȌȓȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ țȝȈȔșȈȘȚȈȑȋȈȈȘ ȝȧȕȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȖȓȖȕ

ȚȖȖȕȣ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȧȔȈȋȚ șȈȕȈȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. Ǭțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑ, ȕҸȌ, ȉȐȍ, ȋȈȘ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȖȓȖȕ

ȏҸȑȓȥȥȘ ȌȖȚȖȖȌ țȝȈȔșȘȣȕ ȚҸȊȠȐȕȌ ȉțȦț ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȥȘȝȋҸȑ ӄȋȟ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȔȈȠ ȖȓȖȕ ȌȖȝȐȖ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ ȚȈ țȝȈȔșȘȣȕ ȚҸȊȠȐȕȌ Ȧț ȟ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌȖȎ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȌȖȚȖȖȌ țȝȈȔșȘȣȕ ȚҸȊȠȐȕ ӄӄȘ

ȉȖȌȖȓȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȝȈȘ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȝȐȑȋȌȌȥȋ ҸȑȓȌȓҸҸȌ ȚȈȕȣ ȞȈȈȌ ȉȖȌȓȣȋ ȐȓȟȐȓȎ ӄȋȕӄ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ.

ǻțȘȓȈșȈȕ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȚȈȑȊȠȘțțȓȈȝ ȚțȝȈȑ ȌȥȥȘȝ ȎȐȠȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ӄȋҸҸȓȤȍ. ǵȈȈȕȈȈ ȚȈ ȚȈȑȊȠȘțțȓȈȝ ȋȥȎ

ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȌȖȚȘȖȖ ȖȋȚ ӄӄȘ ȉȖȌȖȓȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȧ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌȢȨ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ ȚȈ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓ, ȧȘȐȈȕȣȝȈȈ ӄȕȋȐȑȋ

ȝȧȕȈȎ, țȌȐȘȌȈȝȣȋ ȝȐȟȕȥȥȕ ȝҸșșȥȕ ȟ ȌȖȚȘȖȖ “țȝȈȔșȘȣȕ ȠȈȕȈȈ” ӄȋӄȝȐȑȋ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ

ȌȖȝȐȖ, ȏȈȕȋȈȈ, Ȍțțȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ ȏȥȘȥȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȥȘȝȋҸȑ ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȑȓȌȓȥȥ ȝȥȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȋȚȥȑȋȥȥ

ȏȖȝȐȞȖȓȌȖȓȋȖȖȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȝ ȋȥȎ Ҹȑȓȥȥ Ҹȏȕȥ.

ǭǸǺӃǵǾǰǱǫ ǺǻǹǫǨǵ ǨǪǨǽǻǱ ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȣ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓ ȕȤ ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȚțșȋȈȕ ȈȊȟ, ȧȔȈȘ ӄȕȞӄȋӄӄȘ ȝȈȘȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȌȈȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȥȝȥȌ, ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȕȤ ӄӄȌȘӄȋ ҸȏȥȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ ӄӄȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȕȤ ȋțȚȘȈȕȋȐ

ҸȏȥȓȚȥȕ ȉȈȑȝ. ǽȥȕ ȋȥȕȥ ȕȤ ȍȘӄȕȝȐȑȓӄȕ ȖȕȖȓȌȖȝ ȌțȘȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ

ӄӄȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȕȤ ȉҸȋȌȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȈȘȈȈȘ ȝȐȑȝ șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȋȥȝ

ȔȥȚ. ӃӄȘ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȈȌȐȓȝȈȕ ȝҸȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋȋҸȑ, ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȣȋ

ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȖȕȞȓȖȋȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȎ ӄȋȌӄȋ ȏҸȑȓ ȕȤ ȥȕȥ ȦȔ. ǽҸȔҸҸș

ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋȥȥ ȚȈșȓȈȓȋҸȑ

ҸȘȋȥȓȎȓҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȥȌȋȥȥȘ ȖȕȞȓȖȋ ȕȤ Țțȕ ȟ ȟțȝȈȓ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓȚȖȑ

ȉȖȓȎ ȐȘȌȥȋ. ǩȐȌȕȐȑ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕȝȈȈ ȚțȘȠȐȌ ȖȓȎ ȈȊșȈȕ ȉҸȝ ȓ

ȚțȘȠȓȈȋȣȋ Ȍțțȕ, ȝҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ, ȈȔȚȕȣ, ҸȕȥȘȐȑȋ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȐȑȕ ȧȕȏ

ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȌҸȘșȓȥȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄȝȐȑȋ țȝȈȔșȈȘ ȋȥȌȥȋ. ǫȈȌȈȈȌ

ȍȘȚӄȕȞӄӄș ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȖȘȎ ȐȘȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȕ ȚȈȊȈȕ ҸȕȌșȥȕ șțȊȈȋ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. YҸȕȐȑȋ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ

ȔȥȌȌȥȋ ȟ ȋȥȓȥȥ șȈȕțțȓȈȝȈȌ ȐȓҸҸȌȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ. ȅȕȌ:

ǽȈȘȈȈȕȣ

ǽҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ ȉțȦț ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑ

ǨȔȚȕȣ

YȕȥȘȐȑȕ

ǹȖȕșȋȖȓȣȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȚȈȊȈȕ șțȊȈȋ.


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ȅȌȋȥȥȘ ȚȈȊȈȕ șțȊȈȋ ȉҸȘȐȑȋ ȚțșȌ ȕȤ ȔȖȌȈȓȤ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȚȥȌȋȥȥȘȐȑȕ ȕȈȘȐȑȊȟȐȓșȈȕ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȓȚțțȌȣȋ șțȉȔȖȌȈȓȤ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȋȥȕȥ. ǮȐȠȥȥȓȥȝȥȌ ȈȔȚȕȣ șțȉȔȖȌȈȓȤ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȕȤ ȋȈȠțțȕ

Ȑșȋȥȓȥȕ ȦȔ. ǾȈȈȠȓȈȈȌ ȥȌȋȥȥȘ șțȉȔȖȌȈȓȤ ȉȈȑȌȓțțȌ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȉȖȌȐȚ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȚțșȋȈȓȣȕ

ȏțȘȈȋȓȈȓȣȋ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȝȈȌ ȖȘȖȓȞȌȖȋ. ȅȕȥ ȏțȘȈȋȓȈȓ ȕȤ ȝҸȕ ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȚțșȋȈȕ ȈȊȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ

ȝȈȘțțȓȕȈ. ǰȑȔȌ ȚȈ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȎ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȞȖȓȌ ȝҸȘȥȝȐȑȋ ȝȐȟȥȥȝȌȥȥ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕ

ȟȐȕȤ ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȚțșȋȈȎ ȈȊȌȈȋ, ȧȈȎ șȥȚȋȥȎ, ȔȥȌȥȘȌȥȋ ȉȖȓ ȋȥșȥȕ ȈșțțȓȚȣȋ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ

ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ȏțȘȈȋȓȈȓȌ ȝȈȘȈȈȕȣ șțȊȋȈȈȘ ȖȓȎ ȐȘșȥȕ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ, Țӄșӄӄȓӄȓ

ȌȈȊȈȔȋȈȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ ӄӄȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝțȊȤȌ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈȕȣ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑ ȌȈȊȈȔȋȈȑȓȕȈ. ǽҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȥȕȥ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ

ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȖȕȞȓȖȋ șțȊȋȈȈȘ ȖȘȎ ȐȘșȥȕ ȉҸȝȕȥȥȘ ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȚțșȋȈȎ ȈȊȈȝȣȋ ȌȥȥȘȌ Ҹȏȕȥ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȈ

ȧȘȐȓȞȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȌȥȥȘȌ ҸȏȌȥȋ ȚȥȘ șțȊȋȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȎ ȟȈȌȊȈȓ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȞȖȓȌ

ȝҸȘȥȝȥȌ ȝȧȓȉȈȘ ȉȈȑȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ. YҸȕȐȑȋ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȧȘȐȈȕȌȈȈ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ Ҹȋ, ȝȥȓȓȥȋȥȥȘ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǶȑȓȋȖȝȖȌ ȝȧȓȉȈȘ ȉȖȓȋȖȝ ҸҸȌȕȥȥș ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȧȔȈȘ șțȊȋȈȈȘ ȖȘȎ ȐȘșȥȕ

ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȥȘ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄȝȐȑȋ ȌȥȥȘȌ ҸȏȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈȘ ȕȤ ȚӄȘӄȓȎҸҸȓȥȕ ȈȕȋȐȓȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ. ǰȕȋȥȥȌ ȚțȝȈȑȕ

ȈȕȋȐȓȓȣȕ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȣ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ ҸȋșȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȖȕȞȓȖȕ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǪȐȏțȈȓ ȉțȦț ȝȈȘȈȈȕȣ ȚӄșӄӄȓȓȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȝȈȌ ȝҸȔҸҸș: “ȝȈȘȎ ȓ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȓ ȌȈȈ”, “ȉҸȘȝȥȋ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȠҸҸ”,

“ȐȑȔ ȌҸȘ ȏțȘȈȋ ҸҸșȟ ȉȈȑȕȈ”, “ȖȑȘȚȖȖȌ ȝȈȘȈȝȈȈȘ”, “ȝȈȘȈȈȌ ȓ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ”, “ȟȐ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȝȈȘ” ȋ. Ȕ.

ǨțȌȐȈȓ ȉțȦț Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈȋȈȈȘ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄȝȐȑȋ ȌȥȥȘȌ ҸȏȌȥȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș: “ҸȕȥȕȐȑȋ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ”, “ȕȐȑ ȕțțȋҸȑ

ȧȘȐȝȈȌ”, “ȕțțȞȋҸȑ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ”, “ȝȥȓ Ȍȥȥ”, “ȚҸș ȚȈș ȧȘȤȟȐȝȢȧ” ȋ. Ȕ.

ǲȐȕȍșȚȍȚȐȒ ȉțȦț ȝҸȘȚȥȝҸȑ, ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȋ ȐȓҸҸ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș: “ȕȈȔ ȈȊșȈȕ”, “ӄȌӄȎ

ȉȈȑȕȈ”, “ȥȘȋȥȥȌ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȢȨ”, “ȚҸȘ ȝҸȓȥȥȋȥȥȘȥȑ”, “ȋȈȘȞȈȈȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȝȐȑȓȥȥ” ȋ.Ȕ.

YȕȥȘȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȋ ȐȓҸҸ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș: ”ҸȔȝȐȑ șȈȕȈȈȘȝȓȈȈ”, ȋ.Ȕ.

ǨȔȚȕȣ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȋ ȐȓҸҸ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș: ”ȉȖȓȖȊșȘțțȓȢȧ” ȋ.Ȕ.

Ǵӄȕ Ҹȋ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȉțș ȌȖȝȐȖ ȏȈȕȋȈȈȋ ȟ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ. ǺțȝȈȑȓȉȈȓ:

ǪȐȏțȈȓ: ȝțȘȌȈȕ, ӄȕȌӄȘ ȌțțȋȈȈȘ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ, ȖȑȘȝȖȕ ȖȑȘȝȖȕ ȈȔȤșȋȈȓȌȈȋ

ǨțȌȐȈȓ: ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȋțȑ țȌȈȈȕ ȈȘȋȐȓ ȔȈȧȋȐȑȕ ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ, ȧȘȐȈȋȈȈ ȋȈȘȣȕ ȌȖȝȐȖ ȏȈȕȋȈȈȋȈȈȘ

ȌȈȋȈȓȌțțȓȈȝ ȕȤ ȖȓȖȕȚȈȈ.


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ǲǰǵǭǹǺǭǺǰǲ:

ǻȌȈȈȕ, ȕȥȋ ȝȥȔȥȥȘ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ, ȈȔȤșȋȈȓ țȌȈȈȕ, ȝȈȘȐțȓȈȝȣȕ ӄȔȕӄ

ȋȈȏȈȘ ȠȐȘȚȌȥȋ.

ǫȥȝȌȥȥ ȥȕȥ ȉҸȝ ȚȈȕȐȝ ȈȘȋțțȌ ȕȤ ȖȕȖȓ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȚȈȕȣ ȔȥȌȥȝ

ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ ȚțȘȠȓȈȋȈȈȘ ȕȖȚȓȖȋȌȖȎ ӄȌӄȘ ȚțȚȔȣȕ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓ ȌȥȥȘ

ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȧȔȈȘ ȟ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȑȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȝ

ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȚȈ ӄȌӄȘ ȚțȚȔȣȕȝȈȈ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ҸȘȋȥȓȎ

ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȕ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋ ȚȈȑ ȋȥȎ ҸȏȊȥȓ ȚȥȔ ȥȋȓȥȓ

ȝӄȚӄȓșӄȕ ȟ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ.

,

Ȉ Ȍ

1. ǺȈȕȣ șȖȕȐȘȝȓȣȋ ȚȈȚȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝȌȥȥ ȧȔȈȘ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ Ҹȋ, ȝȥȓȓȥȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ șȖȕș. ǽȈȔȋȐȑȕ ӄȘȋӄȕ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȓȥȋ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ ȝҸȕȌ ȝȈȔȈȈȘȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓ. Ǵӄȕ ȧȔȈȘȠțț

ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȓȥȋȐȑȋ ȉȈȘȈȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȈȕȏȈȈȘȟ, ȚȥȔȌȥȋȓȥ.

2. ǺțȝȈȑ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȟșȥȕ ȏȈȝȐȌȈȓ ȚȈȑȓȈȕ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȐȑȕ ȉȈȘȐȔȚ ȉȐȟȐȋ, ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȐȟȓȥȋȚȥȑ ȚȈȕȐȓȞ.

ǽҸȕ ȉȐȟȋȥȥȘ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝȌȥȥ Ȕӄȕ ȓ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȓȥȋȐȑȋ ȌȈȊțțȚȈȑ

ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ ȧȔȈȘ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȓȥȋȥȥȘ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȕȤ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓ.

3. ǶȓȎ, ȔȥȌșȥȕ Ҹȋșȥȥ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȌȈȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȕ ȧȔȈȘȠțț ҸȘ ȕӄȓӄӄ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝȐȑȋ

ȕȤ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȈȎȐȋȓȈ. ǰȕȋȥȊȥȓ ȚȈ ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚȥȑ ȚȥȘ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕȝ ȕȤ Ҹȋ

ȝȥȓȓȥȋȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȕ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȖȑȓȋȖȝ ȉȈȑȝ.

4. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȐȑȕȝȈȈ Ҹȋșȥȕ ȉțș ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȓȐȑȋ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȕ, Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȓȖȖȘ ȕȤ ȎȈȋșȈȈȕ

ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȕȌȈȈ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȈȌ Ҹȏ.

5. ǽȈȔȚ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȌȈȋ ȝҸȔҸҸș, ȌȈȘȋȈ, ҸȑȓȟȓҸҸȓȥȋȟ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ȧȔȈȘ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȝҸȑȋȥȥȘ

ȖȘȎ ȐȘȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȝ șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓȚȖȑȋ ȕȤ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȋȖȖȌ ȚȈȑȓȈȕ ȋȈȘȋȈȝ,

ȝȧȕȈȓȚȣȕ ȈȎȐȓ ȝȐȑȝ, ȟțȝȈȓ ȧȘȐȈȕȌ ȖȘȖȓȞȖȝ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȉҸȘȚ ȕȤ ȚȖȝȐȘșȖȕ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȓȥȋȐȑȋ

ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȈȑ.

ǺȈȕȌ ȚțțȠȚȈȑ, ȠțȘȋțț ȧȊȎ ȉȈȑȎ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȌȥȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȕțțȓȈȈȌ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ

ȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȑ ȖȓȎ, ȝҸȕ ȠȐȋ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȈȔȈȘȋҸȑ ȈȎȐȓȌ ȚȈȕȤ ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȝҸșȤȍ.


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ǽǨǸǰǳǾǨǨǵǬ ǹǨǱǵ ǹǶǵǹǶǫǿ ǩǶǳǶǽ ǵȄ

ǽȖȨțȓȈȈ ȕҸҸȘ ȕҸҸȘȥȥ ȝȈȘȈȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȚȈ șȈȑȕ șȖȕșȖȋȟ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ

ȧȔȈȘ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌ ȖȘȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȈȈȌ șȖȕșȖȝțȑȕ ӄȕȋӄ Ȉȧș ӄӄȘ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ:

ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊ ȉțș, ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊ, ȍȔȗȈȚȐ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ șȖȕșȖȝțȑȕ Ȉȧș ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǸȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊ ȉȐȠ șȖȕșȋȖȓ ȉȖȓ

ȉțșȌȣȕ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȝӄȕȌȓӄȕȋӄӄș ȚȈșȈȓȌțțȓȈȝȋҸȑ ȟȐȔȥȥȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȎ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ șȖȕșȖȝ ȥȕȋȐȑȕ ȈȘȋȈ.

ȀȐȕȥȥȘ ȈȎȐȓȌ ȝҸȕ ȈȊȈȝȌȈȈ, ȔȥȌȘȥȓȐȑȕ ȥȔȟ ӄȊȟȚȕӄӄ ҸȏȥȝȌȥȥ ȥȕȥ ȈȘȋȈȈȘ ȐȝȥȊȟȓȥȕ șȖȕșȌȖȋ.

ǸȍȜȓȍȒșȍȊ ȈȘȋȈȈȘ șȖȕșȖȝ ȕȤ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȚȖȌȘțțȓȈȝ, țȚȋȈȟȓȈȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ȥȘȋȥȝ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑȋȖȖȘ șȖȕșȖȎ

ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȋ ȕȈȘȐȑȊȟȓȈȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋ. ȅȔȗȈȚȐ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȉȖȓ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ țȑȚȋȈȘ ȋțȕȐȋ, ȏȖȊȓȖȕ

ȎȈȘȋȈȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉҸȝȐȑ ȓ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖșȕȖȖȘ ȥȘȋȥȎ ȝȈȘȐțȓȎ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȣȋ ȝȥȓȕȥ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ

ȖȑȘ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȦȔ.

ǽȅǸǽȅǵ ǯӃǪ ǹǶǵǹǶǽ Ǫȅ?

ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ ȈȋțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ, ȧȘȐȈȋ ȏӄȊ șȖȕșȖȎ șțȘȈȝ ȈȘȋȣȋ

ȔȥȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ.

1. Ȇțȕȣ ȚҸȘҸҸȕȌ ȉțșȌȣȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ șȖȕșȌȖȋ, ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȝȥȊȠȓȐȑȋ șȈȑȚȈȘ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȈȊ. ǺȈȕȣ șȈȑȕ

ȚȈȓ Ȧț Ȋȥ? ȇȔȈȘ ȈȓȌȈȈȋ ȋȈȘȋȈȌȈȋ Ȋȥ? ǽҸȔҸҸșȐȑȋ ȝȥȚ Ȑȝ ȝțȘȌȈȕ ȌҸȋȕȥȌȥȋ ȉȐȠ ȉȐȏ? ȇȘȤȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȌțȕȌțțȘ ȖȘȎ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȝȥȓȥȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȚȈșȈȓȌȈȋ țț? ǺȈ

ȈșțțȓȚȈȕȌ ȝȈȘȐțȓȈȝȌȈȈ ȐȝȥȊȟȓȥȕ ȧȔȈȘ ȈȓȌȈȈ ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ȉȖȓȏȖȠȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ҸȏȌȥȋ Ȋȥ? ӃӄȘȐȑȕ

ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌ ȋȈȘȋȈȌȈȋ ȈȓȌȈȈ ȌțȚȈȋȌȓȣȋ șȈȑȕ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȕȤ ȝҸȔҸҸșȥȥș șȖȕșȖȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȈȈ

ȌȥȥȠȓҸҸȓȥȝ Ȉȕȝȕȣ ȈȓȝȈȔ ȦȔ.

2. ǽҸȔҸҸș ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ Țӄȓӄӄ ȝҸȓȥȥȝ ȝȈȘȐțȞȓȈȋȈȈș ȉҸҸ ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌ

ȝȖȨȘ ȝҸȕ ȖȘȓȞȖȎ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ ȧȘȤȎ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȕȤ șȖȕșȖȝ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ, ȝȖȨțȓȈȈ ҸҸȘȋȥȥ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ șȖȓȐȓȞȌȖȋ.

ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȈșțțȌȈȓ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȝȥȓșȥȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȚȖȌȖȚȋȖȝ ȔȈȧȋȈȈȘ ȉțȦț

ȌȈȊȚȈȕ ȝȥȓȎ ȏӄȊ ȥșȥȝȐȑȋ ȓȈȊȓȈȎ, ȉțȘțț ȝȥȓșȥȕ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȓȌ ȏȈȓȘțțȓȕȈ țț? ȋȥȎ ȝҸșȥȝ.

ǶȑȓȋȖȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚțȝȈȑȋȈȈ ȚȈ ȓ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȝȥȓȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȌ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ.

3. ǩȐȍ ȉȧȓȌȈȘȣȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȉȈȑ. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ țȘȌȈȈș ȕȤ ȝȈȘ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ

ȝȈȘȞȈȈȘȈȈ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȞȖȝ ȝȖȓȉȖȖșȣȋ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȎ ȉȈȑ! ǺȈȕȣ ȉȐȍȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȘȓȈȓ ȉȈ ȋȈȘ

ȝӄȓȐȑȕ ȌȖȝȐȖ, ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȕȤ ȝȐȘ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȚȈȕȤ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ

ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȥȥșȥȥ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȏȖȝȐȝ ȖȘȖȕ ȏȈȑȌ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț, ҸȋҸȑ Ȧț

ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȝȧȕȈ. ǨȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȝȈȕȌȌȈȋ, ȈȔȤȌ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȝȣȋ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ

șȈȕȈȎ ȧȊ.

4. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȣȕȝȈȈ ȧȘȐȈȕȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓ. ǶȘȟȕȣ Ȍțț ȟȐȔȥȥȋ /ȏțȘȈȋȚ,

ȘȈȌȐȖ/ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ ȉȈȋȈșȋȈ. ǶȦțȕ șȈȕȈȈȋȈȈ “ȝȥșȥȕ ȚȥȕҸҸȟȓȥȝ” –ȥȥș ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓ. ǩȐȍ

ȉȧȓȌȈȘȣȕ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȉȈ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȐȌȥȊȝȐ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȕȤ Ȧț ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ

ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȚțșȈȓȕȈ.


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5. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ ҸȋȕȐȑ țȚȋȈ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȝȖȖș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȝȣȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥ. ǽҸȔҸҸș ӄӄȘȐȑȕ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȖȓ, ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȥȥ ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȚȖȋȚșȖȕ ȝȥȔ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȕȌ

ȏȖȝȐȞțțȓȈȕ “ȒȖȌȓȖșȖȕ” ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȌȈȋ. ǯӄȊȝӄȕ ȌȈȔȎțțȓșȈȕ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȉȐȠ, ȉȈș

ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ șȖȕșȌȖȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ: “ǩȐ ȈȎȓȈȈ ȥȕȥ ȏȈȝȐȌȈȓȈȈȘ ȌțțșȋȈȓȈȈ” ȋȥȎ ȝȥȓȥȝ ȕȤ

“ȉțȘȝȈȕ ȔȐȕȤ ȉȐ ȥȕȥ ȝȈȘȈȈȓ ȐȌșȥȕ ȏȈȝȐȈȋȈȈȘ ӄȕӄӄȌȘȐȑȕ ȈȎȓȣȋ ȌțțșȋȈȝ ȞȈȋ ȐȘȌȥȋ ȦȔ

ȉȈȑȎȥȥ ” ȋȥșȕȥȥș ȠȈȓ ӄӄȘ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȉȈș ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȐȏ Ȍȥȥ. ǨȋțțȓȋȈ ȕȤ

ȈȌȐȓ ȉȖȓȖȊȟ șҸҸȓȟȐȑȕȝ ȕȤ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǨȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ

țȌȐȘȌȈȋȟ ȝҸȕ ҸȋȐȑȕ țȚȋȈ șȈȕȈȈȕȈȈș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋ țȟȘȈȈș ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ҸҸȘȥȋ

ȌȈȈȓȋȈȊȈȘ ӄȋӄȝȐȑȕȝӄӄ ӄȔȕӄ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌȈȈ ȉҸȘ Ȑȝ ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȖȓȌȖȋ. ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ

ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋȋҸȑ ȌȈȘȋȈ ȏҸȋȥȥȘ ȓ ȌȈȘȈȈȟȐȑȕ ȈȎȓȣȋ ȕȤ ȝȐȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ ȦȔ ȠȐȋ ӄȋȌӄȋ

ȉȖȓ, ȝȈȘȐȕ ȥȕȥ ȝҸȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖșȖȕ țȟȘȈȈș ӄȋӄȝ ҸҸȘȥȋȚȥȥ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȉȖȌȖȓȞȖȕȖ

ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ ȦȔ.

6. ǵȍȊȍȘȉȈȓȤ ȌȖȝȐȖȋ ȈȎȐȋȓȈ. ǽȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ

ȌȐȑȓȥȕȝȐ ȕȤ ȕȍȊȍȘȉȈȓȈȈȘ ȧȊȈȋȌȌȈȋ țȟȐȘ

ȋȈȕȞȝȈȕ ҸȋȥȕȌ ȉȐȠ, ȉȈș ȌȖȝȐȖ,

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȓȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȝȈȕȌ. ȇȘȤȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝ Ȑȑȝȥȥ ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣ ȈȎȐȋȓȈ.

ǺȈȕȤ Șțț ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȝȈȘȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ

ȉȐȍ ȉȐȍȕȥȥ ȝȈȘȞȈȈȘȈȈ ȌȥȔȎșȥȕ ȝȖȓȉȖȖșȖȕȌ ȝȐȘ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȖȘȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ. Ǭțțȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ Ȉȧș, ȧȘȐȈȕȣ

țȌȈȈȕ ȝțȘȌȕȣȋ ȈȎȐȋȓȈ. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȚȈȕȈȈș ȝȐȘ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȝȖȓ, ȖȑȘ ȏȖȋșȖȎ ȥșȊȥȓ șțțȎ

ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǬȖȝȐȖ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ Ȍțț ȟȈȕȋȈ ȥșȊȥȓ șțȓ ȉȖȓȋȖȝȖȖȘ ȧȘȐȈȕȌ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț. ȅșȊȥȓ

ȌȖȝȐȖ ȕȤ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȥșȘȥȋ ȉȈȑȕȈ țț.

Ҹȕ ȋ

7. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȌȥȔȎșȥȕ Ȉȧșȣȋ ȚȖȋȚȊȖȘȚȖȑ ȉȈȘȤ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȌ ȚȈȈȓȈȔȎȚȈȑ țțȘ

ȈȔȤșȋȈȓȣȋ ȉȐȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȕȖ. ǬȥȔȎȓȥȋȐȑȋ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȝȥȌȐȑ ȟȐȕȥȥ șȈȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȚțșȔȈȈ

ȚӄȌȐȑ ȟȐȕȥȥȋȥȥȘ ȉȖȌșȖȕȖȖ Ȑȓȥȕ ȌȈȓȈȕȋҸȑ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ. ǹȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏҸȋȥȥș ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ

ȥșȘȥȋ ȉȈȑȘȓȈȓ ȋȈȘȊȈȓ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘȎ, ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȓ ȔțțȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ

ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȔȈȠ Ȑȝ ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȧȊȈȋȌȈȕȈ.

8. ǶȑȓȋȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉȈȑ. ҷȕȥȕ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȌȥȥȘȥȥ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȝȥȓȥȝ ȋȥȎ ȧȔȈȘȠțț

ȉȈȑȌȈȓȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȔȥȌȥȝȐȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊ ȈȘȋȈȈȘ șȖȕș. ȅȔȗȈȚȐ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ȧȘȤȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȌȥȔȎȐȝ ȉȐȠ, ȉȈș ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȋ Ҹȕȥȕ ȏӄȊ ȖȑȓȋȖȝȖȌ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ.

9. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ șȖȕș. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ șȖȕșȖȎ șțȘȈȝ ȕȤ ȉțșȌȣȋ șȖȕșȖȎ șțȘȈȝȈȌ ȔȈȠ Ȑȝ ȟțȝȈȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

ȇȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȌ șȈȕȈȈ ȏȖȊșȖȕ, ȥșȊȥȓ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌӄȓșӄȕ ҸȍȌ ȉȖȓ ȝȈȘȐȕ ȉțșȌȣȕ ȧȘȐȈȋ

șȖȕșȖȝȣȋ ȚȈȕȌ ȏӄȊȓӄȍ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȚȈȕȣ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȋ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄȊӄȓ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋȥȥ

ȚȥȘ ȌȖȘ ȕȤ ȐȓȟȐȓ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȓȣȋ țȓȈȔ ȖȑȓȋȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȝ ȉȈ ȉțșȌȣȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ

șȖȕșȖȎ șțȘȈȝȈȌ ȚȈȕȤ țȓȈȔ ȌӄȝӄȔ ҸȏҸҸȓȕȥ.


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10. ǽҸșȥȓȚȥȌ ȕȤ ȏȖȝȐȝ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȝȈȘȐțȓ. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ ȕȤ ȐȝȥȊȟȓȥȕ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ

ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȈȊȈȝ, ȎȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ: ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȥșȊȥȓ șȈȕȈȓ ȌҸȋȕȥȓȚȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝ, ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȦȔ ȝȐȑȝȐȑȋ

ȝҸșȥȝ. ȅȕȥ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȓȌ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȖȕȖȊȟȚȖȑ ȝȈȘȐțȓȚ ӄȋ.

ǽҷǴҷҷǹǰǱǵ ҷǫǰǱǫ ǹǶǵǹǶǮ ǩǨǱǽǬǨǨ ǬǨǸǨǨǽ ǯҷǱǳǰǱǫ ǽȅǯȅȅ ǿ ǩǰǺǫǰǱ ǽǰǱ

1 ǬțțȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȎ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȖȑȓȋȖ. ǺȥȘ ӄӄȘ ȦȔ

ȉȖȌȖȖȌ șțțȋȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȎ ȟ ȔȈȋȈȌȋҸȑ. ǹȈȕȈșȈȕ ȉȖȌșȖȕȖȖ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈș ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ

ȉȖȓȖȊșȘțțȓȈȝȣȕ ȏȥȘȥȋȞȥȥȋȥȥȘ ȋȈȌȕȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ șȖȕșȖȎ ȟȈȌȈȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȣȋ

ȝȈȔȚȈȌ ȕȤ șȈȑȕ ȥȏȥȔȠșȥȕ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȚȈȈȘȈȓȌȌȈȋ. ȇȘȐȝ, șȖȕșȖȝȣȕ ȈȓȐȕȌ ȕȤ ȟ

ȋȥșȥȕ ȍȘȌȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȠȐȓȎȐȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

2 ǹȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȎ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȌҸȘ ҸȏҸҸȓ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȧȔȈȘ ȟ ȈȠȐȋ ӄȋӄȝȋҸȑ. ǺȈ

ȝȐȟȕȥȥȕ ȖȘȖȓȌșȖȕ ȟ ȋȥȓȥȥ țȑȚȋȈȘȚȈȑ ȉȈ șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȚȈȕȤ ȕҸҸȘ ȞȈȘȈȑ, Ҹȑȓ

ȝӄȌȓӄȓӄӄȘ ȐȓȥȘȌȥȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȔȈȘȚȈȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ҸҸȕȐȑ ȖȘȖȕȌ, ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȔӄȟȐȌ

ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȝҸȓȥȥȎ ȈȊȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȋȥȌȋȥȥ ȠțȌȈȘȋȈȈȘ ȝҸȓȥȥȊȥȓ ȐȓҸҸ ȏȖȝȐȔȎȚȖȑ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ:

ȈȎȐȓ ȐȝȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȟȐȓȥȕ…

3 ȇȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȧȘȐȈȋ ȉҸҸ ȚȈșȈȓȌțțȓ. ǵȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ȧȊȞȈȌ

ȉȐȌȕȐȑ ȐȝȥȕȝȐ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ҸȍȌ ӄӄȘӄӄ țȝȈȔșȈȘȓȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ, ҸȋȐȑȕ ȌțȕȌțțȘ ȖȘȎ ȚȈșȓȈȌȈȋ.

ǻȌȐȘȌȈȝ ȈȎȐȓȚȕțțȌ ȌȖȖȌ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȕȝȈȕȚȈȑ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȧȘȐȈȕȣ ȌțȕȌțțȘ

ȖȘȎ ȚȈșȈȓȌțțȓȈȝ ȕȤ ȥșȘȥȋ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȓȖȖș ȐȓҸҸ ȌȐȑȓȥȕȝȐ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ȅȘȥȋȚȥȑȟҸҸȌ ȥȔȥȋȚȥȑȟҸҸȌȐȑȋ

ȉȖȌȖȝȖȌ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȚȈȈȓȌțțȓȈȝ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȋțȑ Ȑȝ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȏȈȑȓȠȋҸȑ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȓȌ

ȋȈȘȈȈȌ ȌțȕȌțțȘ ȕȤ ȖȘȖȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȕȤ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȌȥȥ ȧȘȐȈȋȈȈ

ҸȘȋȥȓȎȓҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȕȤ ȚțșȓȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

4 ǬҸȋȕȥȓȚ ȝȐȑȝȌȥȥ ȉҸҸ ȧȈȘ. ǽҸȕ ȉҸȘȚ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȥȘȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ȧȘȐȈȕȣȝ ȕȤ ӄȕȋӄ ȈȧșȈȈș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȟ

/țȝȈȔșȈȘȓȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ/ ȉțșȌȣȋ ȠҸҸȎ, ȌȥȔȎȐȝ, ȥșȊȥȓ ȥș ȌȥȔȎȐȝ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔȥȘȝҸҸ

ȝȐȑșȊȥȘ ҸȕȥȓȥȔȎ ȕȤ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ ȉȈȑȘȓȈȓȌ ȖȘțțȓȌȈȋ.

5 ǴȈȘȋȈȈȕȣ ҸȍȌ ӄӄȘӄӄ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȉȈȘȤȎ ӄȋ. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȓȖȖȘȖȖ

ȏӄȊȠȐȓȞӄȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȔȥȌȥȥȎȐȑȕ ȈșțțȌȈȓ șȖȕșȖȝȖȖ ȏȖȋșȖȖȎ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ

ȝȥȓ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȔȈȘȋȈȓȌȈȎ ȥȝȥȓȉȥȓ, ӄӄȘȐȑȕ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȣȕ ҸȕȌȥșȓȥȓȌ ȝȥȚ Ȑȝ ȐȚȋȥȎ, ȕӄȋӄӄ

ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȧȘȐȈȋ șȖȕșȖȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. “ҷҸȕȐȑȋ ȓ ȉȐ ȚȈȕȌ ȥȘȚȕȥȥș ȝȥȓȤȍ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌșȖȕ ȦȔ

ȠҸҸ Ȍȥȥ” ȋȥȝ ȎȐȠȥȥȚȥȑ. ǽȥȘȊȥȥ ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥȥșȥȥ ȏӄȊȠȐȓȞӄȝȋҸȑȌ ȝҸȘȊȥȓ, ȧȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȣȕȝȈȈ ȧȘȐȈȋ

ȌțțșȚȈȓ ȕȤ șȖȕșȖȎ, ȟțȝȈȔ Ȧțȕ ȌȥȥȘ șȈȕȈȓ ȕȐȑȓȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȥșȥȝȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȎ, ȌȈȘȈȈ ȕȤ Ҹȋȥȥ

ȝȥȓȥȝȐȑȋ ȚȈȕȤȌ ȏӄȊȓӄȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

6 ǨșțțȓȚȣȋ ȝȥȚ ȖȓȕȖȖȘ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȚȈȊȤ. ǽȥȓșȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȓȈȊȓȈȝ ȔȈȧȋȈȈȘ Ȉșțțȝ ȕȤ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ.

ǺȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȝȈȘȐțȓȚȣȋ ȠȈȈȘȌșȈȕ ȝȈȈȓȚȚȈȑ ȈșțțȓȚȣȋ ȔȈȠ Ȑȝ șȈȑȕ ȉȖȌȖȎ ȕȥȋȚȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȎ Ȉșțțȝ

ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ. ȇȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ȐȘȥȝȐȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȌȥȋ

ȕȥȥȓȚȚȥȑ ȈșțțȓȚțțȌȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝȌȥȥ ȔȈȠ Ȑȝ ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ ȏҸȑȌ ȕȐȑȞȕȥ. ǨșțțȓȚȣȋ


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ȝȥȚ Ȑȝ ȖȓȕȖȖȘ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȕȤ ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕȥȥ ȌȈȘȈȔȚȈȓȌȈȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȐȌȥȊȝȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȉțțȘțțȓȎ

ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘțțȓȌȈȋ.

7 “ǩȐ ȚȈȕȣȋ ȔȈȠ Ȑȝ șȈȑȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ” ȋȥȎ ȧȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȌȈȈ ȝȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȝȥȓ. ǰȕȋȥȎ ȝȥȓȥȝ

ȕȤ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥșȥȕ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ șȈȕȈȈȋȈȈ ȐȚȋҸҸȓȎ, ȐȓҸҸ ȖȑȓȋțțȓȈȝ ȋȥșȥȕ

ȖȘȖȓȌȓȖȋȖ ȉȖȓȎ ȝțȊȐȘȌȈȋ. ҷҸȕȐȑ ȖȘȖȕȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ, ȎȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ:

“ȚȈȕȣ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȚȈȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔțț ȌȈȈ”, “ȚȈȕȣȋ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȝҸȕ ȋȖȔȌȖȖȊ țț ȋȥȎ ȕȈȌȈȌ

ȟȐȓȥȕȋȥȥȘ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȝȈȘȋȈȓȏȈȕ ȝȈȘȐț ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝȐȑȋ

ȏӄȊȓӄȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

șȈȕȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ” ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚ

8. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȝӄȌӄȓșӄȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ șȖȕșȖȖȌ ȝȥȚȥȘȝȐȑ ȔȥȌȥȘȟ, ȏҸȘȝ șȥȚȋȥȓȌȥȥ ȖȑȘ

ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȝҸȓȥȥȎ ȈȊ. ȇȘȐȓȞȈȋȟ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȐȝȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ

ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȕȌ ȉҸҸ ȈȊȚȈȋȌ. ǺȥȋȊȥȥș

ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȕ țȚȋȈ ȈȓȌȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǹȥȚȋȥȓȌ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȌ ȈȊȚȈȋȌșȈȕ Ҹȋ,

ȐȓȘȥȓȌ ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȝȈȕȌȈȎ, ȏӄȊȝӄȕ țȚȋȈ șȈȕȈȈȋ șȖȕș. ȇȈȋȈȈȌ Ȋȥ?

ȋȥȊȥȓ ȚȈȕȣ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ ȚȈȕȣ ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥȥȘ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȈȊȈȝ ȨșȚȖȑ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȈȈȎ șȈȈȚțțȓȎ

ȉȖȓȏȖȠȋҸȑ.

9. ǽҸȕȐȑȋ ȝҸșȥȥȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝȈȌ ȏӄȊӄȓȋӄӄ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ӄȋ. ǽȥȏȥȥ ȟ ȚțșȓȈȌȈȋȋҸȑ ȝҸȕ ȝҸșȥȥȋҸȑ ȏӄȊȓӄȋӄӄȋ ӄȋȌӄȋ

ȋȥșȥȕ ȌҸȘȥȔ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȎȐȕȝȕȥȥȘȥȥ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕ ȚțșȓȈȔȎ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ, ȚȈ ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊ ȈȘȋȣȋ

ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȎ ȟțȝȈȔ Ȧțȋ ȝҸșȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

10. ǽҸȕȐȑ ȧȘȐȈȋ șȖȕșȖȝ ҸȑȓȌȓȐȑȋ ȝȖȘȋȖȌȖȝ ȉȈȑȘ ȔȥȚȥȥȘ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǰȌȥȊȝȐȋҸȑ, ӄӄȘȚӄӄ

ȐȚȋȥȓ ȔțțȚȈȑ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȏȈȘȐȔȌȈȈ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȈȈș ȉȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ Ȑȓȟȓȥȝȥȥș ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȕ

ȝȈȈȞȈȑȓȈȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ șȖȕșȖȝ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ. ǺȥȌ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȧȘȐȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ ȉȐȠ, ȉȈș șȖȕșȖȝȋҸȑ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ҷҸȕȥȥș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȚȥȌ ȠҸҸȔȎȓȥȓ, ȉțȦț ȥș ȌȥȔȎȐȝȥȥș ȈȑȌȈȋ țȟȘȈȈș Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȥș ȚȈȚȋȈȓȏȌȈȋ.

ȅȕȥ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȖȓȌ ȌțțȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ҸȘ ȌҸȕȌ șȈȈȌ țȟȘțțȓȌȈȋ.

ǹǨǱǵ ǹǶǵǹǶǫǿ ȇǴǨǫǺ ǹǨǱǵ ǽǨǸǰǳǾǨǫǿ ǩǨǱǬǨǫ

ǨȊȢȧȈș ȟȈȌȊȈȘȈȈ ȝȧȔȌ ҸȕȥȥȘ ȉҸҸ ȝțȌȈȓȌ. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ҸȕȥȓȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȋȥȔȚ ȝȥȘȋȐȑȋ ȉҸҸ ҸȑȓȌ. ӃӄȘȚ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȟȈȌȊȈȘțțȌȌȈȈ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓ. ǺȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȚӄșӄӄȓȌȋӄӄș ȝȈȊȤȋҸȑ ȐȓҸҸ ȋȥȌȥȋȚȥȥ ȐȚȋȥ.

1 ȇȓȐȝ ȠȈȓȐȝȋҸȑ ȏҸȑȓșȐȑȕ ȝҸȘȥȥȕȌ ȉȈȘȐȋȌȈȓȋҸȑ ȉȖȌȖȎ șȥȚȋȥ. ǨȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ

ȚȖȔ ȏȖȘȐȓȋțțȌȌȈȈ ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓ.

ǨȈȘ șȈȈȘ ȏҸȑȓȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȝȈȕȌțțȓȈȝȣȕ ӄȔȕӄ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ “ҷȕȥȝȥȥȘ ȚȐȑȔ Ȑȝ ȟțȝȈȓ

ȋȥȎ ҸҸ?” ȋȥȎ Ȉșțț.


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1. ǩȐ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘ ȋȈȘȋȈȝȌȈȈ:

1. ǿțȝȈȓ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘ ȋȈȘȋȈȝȌȈȈ ȉȐ ȌȈȘȈȈȝ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȋȖȓ ȉȖȓȋȖȌȖȋ

I. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȕȌȥȥ ȚțȓȋțțȘȓȈȕȈ

II. ǹȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȕȈ

III. ǴȐȕȐȑ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȖȖș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȕȈ

IV. ǺҸҸȕȐȑ țȚȋȈ țȟȘȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȕȈ

2.ǵȈȌȈȌ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȎ ȟȈȌȈȝ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȠȐȕȎ:

I.ǺȈȈȓȈȔȎȚȈȑ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȚȖȑ ȉȖȓ

II. ǹȈȑȝȈȕ ȝȈȘȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ

III. ǻȝȈȈȕȚȈȑ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȖȓ ȝȥȓȎ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ

IV. ȕȈȌȈȌ ȈȧȚȈȑȝȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȎ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ

3. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȉȐ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȧȈȎ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȌȈȋȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȋȥȎ ȝҸșȊȥȓ

I. ǫȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȝȈȘȕȈ

II. Ȇț șțȘȟ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȕȤ ȠȈȓȋȈȕȈ

III. Ǭțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȋ ȕȤ șȖȕșȖȕȖ

IV. Ȇț ȧȘȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȕȤ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȕȈ

4. ǴȐȕȐȑ ȝȧȓȉȈȘȝȈȕ ȝȐȑȎ ȟȈȌȈȝ ȦȔ

I. ȇȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȝӄȋȎȔȐȑȕ ȏȥȔșȋȐȑȕ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈȋ ȧȓȋȈȝ

II. ǹȖȕȐȘȝșȖȕ ȈșțțȌȈȓȌȈȈ ȌҸȋȕȥȓȚ ȝȐȑȝ

III. ǽȖȖȓȕȣ ȈȔȚȣȋ ҸȕȥȘȥȥȘ ȕȤ șȖȕȋȖȝ

IV. ȆȔȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ ȏҸșȥȥȘ ȕȤ ȚȈȈȘțțȓȎ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȝ

5. ǩȐ

I. ȀȐȕȥ ȦȔȕȣ țȚȋȈ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋ

II. ǽҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ ȉțȑ ȖȘȟȕȣ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈȋ șȈȑȕ ȧȓȋȈȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ

III. ȕȈȘȈȕȌ ȉȐȍȥ ȠȈȘȈȝ, țșȈȕȌ ȖȘȖȝ ҸȍȌ ȈȘȤșȈȕȌ ҸҸșȥȝ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȋ ȉȐ șȈȑȕ ȚӄșӄӄȓȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ

IV. ȇȊșȈȕ ȋȈȏȘȣȕȝȈȈ ȉҸȝ ȦȔșȣȋ ӄȕȋӄ ȏҸșȥȥȘ ȕȤ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȌҸȘșȓȥȕ ȌțȘșȈȎ ȉȖȌȌȖȋ

6. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȕȈȔȈȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȋȥȊȥȓ

I. ǺȥȌ ȔȐȕȐȑ Ȧț ȔȥȌȥȘȌȥȋȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ

II. ǴȐȕȐȑ ȧȈȎ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȌȈȋȐȑȋ ȝȈȘȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ

III. ǴȐȕȐȑ Ȧț ȧȘȤȌȈȋȐȑȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ

IV. ǴȐȕȐȑ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕ ӄȕȋӄ Ȉȧȓȋțțȋ șȖȕșȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ


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7. ǩȐ ȉțșȌȣȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ ȋȖȓ ȚӄȓӄȊ

I. ǴȥȌȌȥȋ ȎȐȠȥȥ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȣȋ ȕȤ șȖȕșȌȖȋ

II. ǽȐȑșȥȕ ȦȔȣȋ ȕȤ ҸȏȌȥȋ

III. șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ

IV. ǩȖȓȎ ȉțȑ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȈȓȌ ȝȈȘȐțȓȈȝ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ Ȉȧȓȋțțȋ șȖȕșȌȖȋ

8. ǩȐ ȦțȕȌ ȐȓҸҸ ȐȚȋȥȌȥȋ

I. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȕҸȌȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȎ ҸȏșȥȕȌȥȥ

II. ǿȐȝȥȥȘ șȖȕșșȖȕ ȏҸȑȓȌȥȥ

III. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȐȍȥȘ ȔȥȌȥȘșȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȌȥȥ

IV. ǿțȝȈȔ Ȧțȕȣ ȚțȝȈȑ ȉȈȑșȕȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȈȕ ȐȚȋȥȕȥ ȥșȊȥȓ Ҹȓ ȐȚȋȥȕȥ

9. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȋȐȠҸҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ

I. ǩȐ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȝȕȐȑ ȈȈȠ ȏȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ șȈȑȕ ȔȥȌȥȘȌȥȋ

II. ǩȐ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ӄȔșȌӄȋ ȝțȊȞȈș, ȕҸҸȘ ȞȈȘȈȑȋ ȌҸȘșȓȥȕ ȉȖȌȖȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ

III. ǿțȝȈȓ ȈșțțȓȚȣȕ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȔȈȕȈȑ ȋȥȘȐȑȝȕȐȑ ȝȥȕ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȔ Ȧț ȉȖȌȖȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȕȤ ȉȐ ȔȥȌȌȥȋ

IV. ǩȐ ȋȥȘȐȑȕȝȕȐȑȝȥȥ Ȍțț ȝȖȖȓȖȑȕȣ ӄȕȋӄӄȘ șȈȕȈȈ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ șȈȑȕ ȔȥȌȌȥȋ

10. ǩȐ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ șțȘȌȈȋ Ȋȥ?

I. ȇȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȦȔȕȣ țȟȘȣȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȎ ȉȈȑȎ șȈȑȕ șțȘȌȈȋ

II. ӃӄȘӄӄ ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȎ șȈȑȕ șțȘȌȈȋ

III. ȀȐȕȥ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ șȈȑȕ șȖȕșȖȎ ȉȈȑȎ șțȘȌȈȋ

IV. ӃӄȘӄӄ ҸȏȥȎ, ȝȈȘȎ ȉȈȑȎ șțȘȌȈȋ

11. ǩȐ ȟțȝȈȓ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘ ȋȈȘȋȈȝȌȈȈ:

I. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȕ ȚțșȓȈȔȎȚȈȑȋȈȈȘ ȝȐȑȌȥȋ ȋȥșȥȕ ȌҸȋȕȥȓȚȥȕȌ ȝҸȘșȥȕ

II. ǴȐȕȐȑ șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȕȣ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȕȈ

III. ӃӄȘӄӄ ȚӄșӄӄȓȎ ȉȈȑȎ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘȓȥȕȥ

IV. ǵȧȋȚȈȓȈȕ ȉȖȌȖȎ ȓȖȋȐȒ țȝȈȈȕȈȈȘȈȈ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘȓȥȕȥ

12. ǵȈȑȏ ȕӄȝȌȐȑȕ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ

I. ǵȈȑȏ ȕȈȘȣȋȈȈ țȚșȈȈȘ ȧȘȐȝȈȌ ȌțțȋȈȈȘ ȕȤ ȌȖȘ ȕȤ ȚȈȕȤȌȈȋ

II. ǴȐȕȐȑ ȕȈȑȏ ȕȈȘ șȈȧȝȈȕ țțȓȏȈȝȌȈȈ ȝȥȕ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȝȈȘȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑșȕȣȋ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȚӄșӄӄȓȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ

III. ǵȈȑȏȣȕ ȧȘȤșȈȕ ȏҸȑȓ ȚҸҸȕȐȑ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȉȖȌȖȝȖȌ ȝҸȘȋȥȌȥȋ

IV. ǩȐ ȕȈȑȏ ȕȈȘȣȕȝȈȈ ȝȥȕ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȋȈȘȈȈ ȉȈȘȤȌȈȋȐȑȋ ȌțȘșȈȕ șȈȕȈȎ ȔȥȌȥȘȌȥȋ


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ҷȘ ȌҸȕȋ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘțțȓȈȝȌȈȈ ȌȈȘȈȈȝ ȝҸșȕȥȋȚȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȕȈ

ǨșțțȓȚ

ǽȈȘȐțȓȚ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

I ǽӄ ǹ ǽ ǹ Ǭ ǽӄ Ǭ ǽ ǽӄ Ǭ ǽӄ ǹ

II ǹ ǽ ǽӄ Ǭ ǹ ǽ ǽ Ǭ ǽ ǽӄ ǹ ǽ

III ǽ Ǭ ǹ ǽӄ ǽӄ Ǭ ǽӄ ǽӄ Ǭ ǹ ǽ Ǭ

IҸ Ǭ ǽӄ Ǭ ǽ ǽ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǹ ǽ Ǭ ǽӄ

ǹ-șȖȕșȖȝ

ǽ-ȝȈȘȈȝ

ǽӄ-ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ, ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȐȑȕ

Ǭ-ȉȖȌȖȎ, ȠȐȕȎȐȓȎ, ȌҸȋȕȥȌȥȋ, ȓȖȋȐȒ, ȒȖȔȗȤȦȚȍȘȐȑȕ ȝȥȊ ȠȐȕȎȐȑȕ șȐșȚȍȔ

ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȏȖȕȝȐȓȖȝ șȐșȚȍȔȐȑȕ ȝȥȊ ȠȐȕȎȐȑȋ ȌȈȘȈȈȝ ȝҸșȕȥȋȚȥȥȘ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȕȖ.

ǨșțțȓȚ ȝȈȘȐțȓȚȣȕ

ȏȥȘȥȋȓȥȓ ǽ ǽӄ ǹ Ǭ

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5

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8

9

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11

12

ǩҸȝ ȕȐȑȓȉȥȘ

ǩҸȋȌ ȏȖȕȝȐȓȖȝ șȐșȚȍȔ

ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝțȊȤȌ ȏȥȘȥȋȓȥȓȐȑȕ ȕȐȑȓȉȥȘȥȥȘ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȉȈȋȈ ȖȕȖȖ ȈȊșȈȕ șȐșȚȍȔ ȉȖȓ ȏȖȕȝȐȓȖȝ ȕȤ

ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǯȥȘȥȋȓȥȓȐȑȕ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ȕȐȑȓȉȥȘ ȖȕȖȖ ȈȊșȈȕ ȉȖȓ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝțȊȤȌ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȓȖȖȘ

ȉȈȋȈ șȐșȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȕȖ. /Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȓȖȖȘȖȖ 3, 4 ȌҸȋȥȥȘ ȉȈȑȘȈȕȌ/


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ǹǺǸǭǹǹ ǴǭǵǭǮǴǭǵǺ

ǽҸȘȥȥȓȥȕ ȉțȑ ȖȘȟȕȖȖ Țӄȋș ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȕȋțȑ ȉȐȠ ȝȥȔȥȥȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȌțȕȌțțȘ ȧȊȈȝ ȕȤ șȥȚȋȥȞȐȑȕ ȥȘҸҸȓ

ȔȥȕȌȥȌ Ȑȝȥȥȝȥȕ țȘȠȐȋ ȈȊȟȐȘȌȈȋ. ǨȔȤȌȘȈȓȈȈș ȋȥȘȥȓ ȋȥȋȥȥȚȥȑ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȖȓȎ ȝȈȘȈȕ ȔȥȌȥȘȟ

ȟȈȌȌȈȋȋҸȑ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ “ȝȈȘȈȕȝțȑ” ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ҸȕȥȓȎ ȌҸȋȕȥȝȥȥș ȐȓҸҸ Ȕțț ȏҸȑȓ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ. ǵӄȋӄӄ ȚȈȓȈȈș Ȕțț

ȏҸȑȓ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȉȖȓ “Ȕțț” ȋȥȌȥȋ țȝȈȋȌȈȝțțȕ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȎ ȚҸҸȕȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ “șȈȑȕ” ȋȥȋȟȐȑȋ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝ ȉțȦț ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȋҸȑ ȦȔ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȝҸȔҸҸș ӄӄȘșȌȐȑȕ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȋ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ ȐȓҸҸ ȔȥȚ

ȈȊȟ Ҹȏȥȕ, ȉțșȈȌȚȈȑ ȎȐȠȐȕ ȝȈȘȤȞțțȓȎ șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥȘ țȕȈȌȈȋ. ǹȥȚȋȥȞȐȑȕ ȥȘҸҸȓ Ȉȝțȑ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ

șȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȋ ȥȘҸҸȓȎҸҸȓȥȝ ȋȥșȥȕ țȚȋȈȚȈȑ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȌȈșȈȓ ȉȖȓȖȖȋҸȑ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȚ ȉȈȑȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ.

ǹȅǺǫȅǳ ǹǨǵǨǨǵȃ ȅǸҷҷǳ ǴȅǵǬȅȅ ǽǨǴǫǨǨǳǨǽ ҷǵǬǹȅǵ ǩǨǸǰǴǺǳǨǳ

ǹȥȚȋȥȓ șȈȕȈȈȋ ӄӄȌȘӄȋ ȉȈȑȓȋȈȝ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ șȈȑȕ ȥȔȟ, ȏȈșȈȓȟ ȉȖȓ ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȦȔ. ǨȔȎȐȓȚȈȕȌ ȝҸȘȥȝȐȑȕ

ȚțȓȌ ȈȎȓȈȈ ȚӄȓӄȊȓӄȎ șțȘȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. Ǵӄȕ, ȐȕȥȥȌ ȉȖȓ ȝҸȟȐȘȝȥȋ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȏȥȊșȥȋ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ӄӄȘӄӄ

ȈșȈȘ Ȑȝ ȝҸȟ.

1 ǺҸȘȥȔȋȐȑ ȏȈȕ țȘȝȈȋ ȌȈȋȈȊȈȘ ȐȝȚȥȑ. ǻțȘȚȈȑ ȚҸȘȥȔȋȐȑ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȋ ȏҸȘȝ șțȌȈș ȌȈȈȊȘȣȕ ӄȊȟȐȕ,

ӄȔӄȕ ȉȖȓȖȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝȧȔȘȈȓ ȌȈȋȈȓȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǰȕȋȥȝȥȥȘ țțȘȈȈ ȋȈȘȋȈȝ șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥ

ȚȈȑȊȠȘțțȓȈȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

2 ǩҸȝ ȈșțțȌȓȣȋ 2 ȝțȊȈȈ.

1. ǺȈȕȣ ȖȘȖȓȞȖȖȚȖȑ ȠȐȑȌȥȝ ȈșțțȌȈȓ

2. ǺȈȕȣ ȖȘȖȓȞȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ ȈșțțȌȈȓ.

ǹȅǺǫȅǳǰǱǵ ǽȇǴǸǨǳȃǵ ǺǨǳǨǨǸǽ ǺǨȀǨǨ ǶǱǳǫǶǳǺ

ǹȚȘȍșș ȐȓȥȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȔȥȌȥȝȥȌ ȝȧȓȉȈȘ. ǹȚȘȍșș ӄȟҸҸȝȥȕ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȕȈȈȘ ȐȓȥȘȟ ȈȕȏȈȈȘȈȋȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȎ

ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǹȚȘȍșș ȕȤ ȚҸȘ ȏțțȘȣȕ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȚȈȊȋҸȑȚȥȓ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȧȔȈȘȟ ȝȖȘ țȘȠȐȋȋҸȑ. ǹȚȘȍșș ȕȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ

ȝȥȊȐȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȋ ȈȓȌȈȋȌțțȓȈȈȌ ȏȖȋșȖȝȋҸȑ ȉȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔ, ȥȘҸҸȓ ȔȥȕȌȥȌ ȔțțȋȈȈȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȌӄȋ.

ǯӄȊȝӄȕ șțȓ ȌȖȘȖȑ ȝҸȔҸҸș șȚȘȍșșȥȥș ȉȖȓȎ ȠȈȕȈȓȌȈȋ. ǰȝȥȥȝȥȕ ȈȟȈȈȓȓȣȕ ҸȍȌ, ȧȔȈȘȟ ȝҸȕ șȚȘȍșșȚ

ӄȘȚӄȕӄ. ȇȓȈȕȋțȧȈ ӄȌӄȘ ȉҸȘ ȝҸȕ ȈȘȌȣȕȝȈȈ Țӄȓӄӄ șȈȕȈȈ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ, ȞȈȋȌȈȈȋȐȑȕ ȕȐȑȚ ȈȓȉȈȕ

ȝȈȈȋȟȌȣȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǹȚȘȍșș ȉȖȓ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȝȈȕȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȕ ȝțȊȤȌ ǹȚȘȍșșȐȑȕ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ӄȟҸҸȝȥȕ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȕȈȈș ҸҸȌȥȕ, ȝțȘȐȔȚȓȈȋȌșȈȈȘ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȐȓȥȘȌȥȋ.

ǩȐȌ, șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝȧȔȈȘșȕȈȈ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ ȔȥȌȥȘȌȥȋ. ǹȚȘȍșș ȕȤ ȝȥȚ țȌȈȈȕ ҸȘȋȥȓȎȐȓȎ țȓȔȈȈȘ, ȥȔȋȥȋ ȚҸȊȠȐȕȌ

ȝҸȘșȥȕ ҸȍȌ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȌȈȊȈȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȏȈȔ ȝҸȟ, ȥȘȔȥȓȏȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȉțȘțțȓȌȈȋ.

ǩҸȝ ȝҸȔҸҸș șȚȘȍșșȚ ȈȌȐȓȝȈȕ ȝȈȘȐț ҸȏҸҸȓȌȥȋ. ǨȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ ȈȊȈȝ șȚȘȍșșȚ

ȈȊȚȈȝ, ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȌȈȊȈȕ ȚțțȓȈȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘ, ȚțȘȠȓȈȋȈȈȘȈȈ ȝҸȔҸҸș ӄӄȘ ӄӄȘ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.


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ǹǺǸǭǹǹǰǱǵ ȀǰǵǮ ǺȅǴǬȅǫ

2 ǵȖȑȘ ȝҸȘȥȝȥȥ ȉȖȓȐȝ

3 ǨȑȌȈș ȚҸȋȠҸҸȘȚ ȈȊȚȈȝ

4 ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȝȧȕȈȓȚ șțȓȈȘȟ, ȈȓȌȈȋȌȈȝ

5 ǨȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȚӄȊȓӄȘҸҸȓȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ

6 ǵȖȖȔȖȑ ȋӄȓȋӄȘ ȉȖȓȖȝ

7 ǨȘȟȈȈȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ ҸҸșȥȝ

8 ӃȟҸҸȝȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȌ ȟ ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȕ, țțȘȓȈȎ țȞȈȈȘȓȈȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ.


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ӃǬӃǸ ǺǻǺǨǴ ǹǨǵǨǮ ȇǪǨǽ 25 ǯǨǸǿǰǴ

1. ǹȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ȚȥȕȝȥȥȚȥȑ ȉȈȑ. ǽȥȕ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ ȚȈȕȣȋ ȐȊȥȥȕȥ ȋȥȎ ȉҸҸ ȕȈȑȌ, ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȓ ȕȈȑȌ.

2. ǩțșȌȣȕ ȝȐȑșȕȐȑȋ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȎ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȉȐȍ ȌȈȈȕ ȝȐȑ. ǻȟȘȣȋ ȕȤ țȝȈȈȘ, ȕȧȋȚ ȕȧȔȉȈȑ, ȚȥșȊȥȘȚȥȑ

ȉȈȑ, ȉȐȍȥ ȉҸȘȥȕ ȌȈȑȟȐȓ.

3. ǯȖȘȐȓȋȖȚȖȑ ȉȈȑ. ǬȥȔȐȑ ȏҸȑȓȌ șȈȕȈȈ ȉҸҸ ȏȖȊ. ǽȐȑ ȝȖȖșȖȕ ȉҸҸ ȔӄȘӄӄȌ. ǽȐȑȝ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ

ȚӄȓӄȊȓӄ. ǶȓȖȕ ȦȔȕȣ ȈȘȈȈș ȉҸҸ ȝӄӄȞӄȓȌ.

4. ǵӄȝȘӄӄ ȏӄȊ Ȗȓ. ǰȕȥȥșȥȕ ȉҸȝȥȕ ȕӄȝӄȘ ȉȐȠ. ǺӄȓӄȊȓӄȋӄӄȚȥȑ ȈȎȐȓȓȈ. ǴȈȘȋȈȈȠ Ȧț ȝȐȑȝȥȥ țȘȌ

ҸȌȥȠ ȕȤ ȚӄȓӄȊȓӄ.

5. YȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȏȖȘȐȋȚȖȑ ȝȥȓȎ șțȘ. ǰȕȋȥȝ ȕȤ ȏȈȘȐȔȌȈȈ ȥȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȟ ҸȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȝȥȓȎ șțȘȈȈȋҸȑ

ȝҸȕ ӄӄȌȚȥȑ ȧȊȈȝ ȕȤ ҸȋҸȑ.

6. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȟȈȔȓȈ. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȠȐȓȌȥȋ ȟȈȕȈȘȈȈ țȓȈȔ ȏҸȓȋȥȕ ӄȕȋӄ ȖȘțțȓ.

7. Ǵțț ȏțȘȠȓȈȈșȈȈ șȈȓ. ǬțȚȈȋȌȓȈȈ ȠțȌȈȘȋȈȈȘ ȝҸȓȥȥȎ șțȘ.

8. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȏȥȔȓȥȎ șțȘ. ǩȐȍȥ ȝțțȘȌȈȋ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȚȥȓȚȥȑ ȧȊȈȝ ȕȤ ȝȖȊȖȘ.

9. ӃȌȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȤ ȞȈȋȚ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ Ȑȝ ҸȘ ȉҸȚȥȥȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȋȈȈ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȈȊ. ǿțȝȈȔ ȚȥȘ ȞȈȋȐȑȋ ȉҸҸ ҸȘ,

ȈȔȘȈȝ ȝȖȖȓȓȖȝȖȌ ȚȥȘ ȔӄȟȐȑȋ ȉҸҸ ȏȖȘȐțȓ.


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10. ǽȐȑȝ ȋȥȎ ȉțȑ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ҸȕȥȝȥȥȘ ȟțȝȈȓ ȥșȥȝȐȑȋ ӄӄȘӄӄșӄӄ ȈșțțȎ ȚțȕȋȈȈ.

11. ǩȐȚȋȐȑ ȞțȝȈȓȌ, ȉȈȟȐȔȌ. ȇȌȈȘȊȈȓ ȈȎȓȈȈ ȝȖȑȠ ȚȈȊȤ.

12. YȕȥȝȥȥȘ ȦȔ ȉҸȚȥȥȍ ȋȥȊȥȓ ȉȐȍȥ ȥȘҸҸȓ ȈȊȟ ȧȊ. ȅȘҸҸȓ ȉȐȍȌ șȈȘțțȓ țȝȈȈȕ ȖȘȠȌȖȋ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȋȈȈș

Ҹȕȥȕ.

13. ǹȈȑȝȕȣȋ ȔӄȘӄӄȌ. ǫțȚȘȈȕȋȐ Ҹȏȥȓ

șȈȑȕ Ȧ ȕȌ ȝҸȘȋ ȋȋҸȑ. YҸȕȥȥș

ȟ Ȑȝ ȦȔ ȝȐȑȝ ȟȈȌȕȈ ȋȥȎ

ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȏȖȘȐȋȎțțȓ.

ȔȈ ȥȌȥ

14. ǽȐȑȝ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȏҸȘȝ ȈȓȌȈȓȋҸȑ

ȉȈȘȤȎ ȈȊ. ǨȎȓȈȈ ȝȈȈȕȈȈș,

ȦțȕȈȈș ȥȝȥȓȎ, ȧȔȈȘ ȈȘȋȈȈȘ

ȝȐȑȝȥȥ ȚțȕȋȈȈ.

15. ǬȈȘȋȈ ȟ ȉȈ, ȞȥȘȥȋ ȟ ȉȈȑ ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȐțȞȓȈȋȈȈ țȝȈȔșȈȘȓȈ.

16. ǩțșȌȣȋ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȏҸȑȓȌ țȘȈȔȠțțȓȈȕ ȧȚȋȈ, ȏȖȘȐȋȎțțȓ, ȚțșȈȓ.

17. ǽȐȑȝ ȋȥșȥȕ ȈȎȓȈȈ ȝȖȑȠ ȉҸҸ ȚȈȊȤ. ǵȥȕ ȌȈȘțȑ ȝȐȑȎ șțȘ.

18. ǩțșȌȣȕ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȕțȝȈȞȚȈȑ șȖȕșȖȎ șțȘ. ǽҸȕȐȑ ȝȥȓșȕȥȥș ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȕȤ ȈȊ, ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑȋ ȕȤ ȋȥȥ.

19. ǻȟȘȈȝ ȉȥȘȝȠȥȥȓ șȈȈȌȣȋ țȘȤȌȟȐȓȈȕ ȚȖȖȞȖȖȓȎ ȉȈȑ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ ȚȈȕȣ ȈȎȐȓ ȉҸȚȥȥȔȎȚȥȑ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǯȖȘȤșȖȕȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȥȝȥȌ ȟ ȝȧȓȉȈȘ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

20. ǴȥȌȘȥȝҸȑ ȏӄȕ șȖȊȐȕȌȖȖ Ҹȍ Ҹȍ ȟ ȉȖȓȖȊ ȐȚȋȥȎ ȉȈȑ. ǬȈȕ țȝȈȈȕȈȈȘ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ ȌȐȑȓȥȝȋҸȑ Ҹȍ ȉȐȑ.

21. ǬȈȘțț ȉȈȑȎ șțȘ. ǩȈȘȌȈȔ ȏȈȕ, ȝțȓȟȋȈȘ ȠȐȕȎ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ӄӄȌȚȥȑ ȉȖȓȋȖșȖȕ țȌȈȈȋҸȑ.

22. ǩțșȌȣȕ ȠҸҸȔȎȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȝҸȓȥȥȎ ȈȊȟ șțȘ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȈȔȎȐȓȚ ȖȓȖȝȣȕ ҸȕȌȥș

23. ǽȐȑȝ ȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȝȥȞҸҸ ȋȥȎ ȝȈȈȧȈ ȉțșȈȌȌȈȈ ȖȑȓȋțțȓȎ ȉȈȑ

24. ǽҸȕȥȥș Ҹȋ ȌțțȓȈȝ șȈȑȝȈȕ. ǩțșȌȣȋ ȔȈȋȚȈȎ, ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȔȈȋȚțțȓȈȝȈȌ Ȧț ȕȤ Ȕțț ȉȈȑȝ Ȋȥ. ǵӄȝӄȘ

ȟȐȕȤ șȈȑȕ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȎ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȔȈȋȚ, ȌȥȔȎ, ȚțșȈȓ.

25. ǺȈȑȊȈȕ ȉȈȑ. ǩțșȈȌ ȟȐȕȤ ȖȊȖȓȏȖȎ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȟ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȉȈȑȎ ȋȈȋȞȝҸҸ ȏȖȘȤșȕȖȖ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȥȝȐȑȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥȎ șțȘ.


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ǹǺǸǭǹǹǰǱǫ ҷҷǹǫȅǬȅǫ ǽҷǿǰǵ ǯҷǱǳǹ

Ǩǵǻ-ȣȕ ȥȔȟ Ǻ.ǽȖȓȔș, Ǹ.Ǹȍȑȝ ȕȈȘ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ȚȖȝȐȖȓȌȌȖȋ șȚȘȍșșȐȑȋ ҸҸșȋȥȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȉȈ

ӄȊȟȐȕȐȑ ȝȈȔȈȈȘȓȣȕ șțȌȈȓȎȥȥ. ǺȥȌȋȥȥȘ ȥȘȌȥȔȚȥȌ șȥȚȋȥȞȐȑȕ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȉȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȔȣȕ ӄȊȟȕҸҸȌ,

ȝҸȕȐȑ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȌ ȋȈȘșȈȕ ȏȈȘȐȔ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȓȚҸҸȌȥȥș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȈȝ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȥȌȋȥȥȘ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȓțțȌ ȕȤ ӄȊȟȐȕ

ҸҸșȥȝȥȌ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȈȌȐȓȋҸȑ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȌӄȋ ȋȥșȥȕ ȌҸȋȕȥȓȚȥȕȌ ȝҸȘȟȥȥ.

ȹ ǨȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȌȈȓ ǺҷҷȕȐȑ ȕӄȓӄӄȓӄȓ /ȖȕȖȖȋȖȖȘ/

1 ȅȝȕȥȘ ȕӄȝȘȐȑȕ Ҹȝȥȓ 100

2 ǹȈȓȈȓȚ 73

3 ȅȝȕȥȘ ȕӄȝӄȘ Țțș ȚțșȌȈȈ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȝ 65

4 ȀȖȘȖȕȌ ȝȖȘȐȋȌȖȝ 63

5 ǫȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕȝȕȐȑ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȐȑ Ҹȝȥȓ 63

6 ǫȥȔȚȥȓ ȉȈ ӄȊȟȐȕ 53

7 ǫȥȘȓȥȓȚ 50

8 ǨȎȓȈȈș ȝȈȓȈȋȌȈȝ 47

9 ȅȝȕȥȘ ȕӄȝӄȘȚȥȑȋȥȥ ȥȊȓȥȘȥȝ 45

10 ǺȥȚȋȥȊȥȘȚ ȋȈȘȈȝ 45

11 ǶȑȘ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȥȘҸҸȓ ȔȥȕȌ ȔțțȌȈȝ 44

12 ǮȐȘȥȔșȥȕ ȉȖȓȖȝ 40

13 ǩȥȓȋȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȏӄȘȟȐȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȝ 39

14 ǨȔ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȚȖȖ ȕȥȔȥȋȌȥȝ 39

15 ǨȓȉȈȕ ȋȈȏȈȘȚ ȞȖȔȝȖȚȋȖȓ ȧȊȈȋȌȈȝ 39

16 ȅȌȐȑȕ ȏȈșȋȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȌȖȘȖȑȚȖȝ 38

17 ǬȖȚȕȣ ȕȈȑȏȣȕ Ҹȝȥȓ 37

18 ǴȥȘȋȥȎȓȐȑȕ ȟȐȋ ȉȈȘȐȔȎȈȈ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȋȌӄȝ 36

19 ȅȝȕȥȘ ȕӄȝȘȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȏӄȘȟȐȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȝ 35

20 ҷȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȝ ȝӄȘӄȕȋӄӄ ȉȈȘȤȞȈȈȓȈȝ 31

ӃӃǬǳӃǽ ǯǨǴ ӃӃǸǺӃӃ ǰǺǫȅǽ ǰǺǫȅǳȅȅǹ ȅǽȅǳǬȅǫ

ӃӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȝ ȐȚȋȥȓ ȉȖȓ ȚȈȕȣ ӄӄȌȓӄȝ ȏȈȔȣȕ Ȉȕȝȕȣ ȈȓȝȈȔ ȦȔ. ǺȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȝҸȟȐȕȌ ȐȚȋȥȎ ȟȈȌșȈȕȈȈȘ

ȓ ȈȓȐȊȈȈȋ ȉҸȚȥȥȝ Ȑȝ ҸҸȌ ȝȈȈȓȋȈ ȚȈȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ ȕȥȥȋȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ ȧȈȎ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȓȚȥȑ

ȉȖȓȖȝ Ȋȥ?

1. Ȇțȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ ȚȈȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ ȚȈȕȣ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ ȚȖȊ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖȋҸȑ ȝҸȕ ȓ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȓȋҸȑ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȚȈ ȝȥȏȥȥȌ

șȈȕȈȎ ȧȊȈȈȘȈȑ.


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2. ǯȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȥȝ ȚȈȕȣ ȈȓȝȔțțȌ ȉҸȋȌ ȚȈȕȣ ȝțȊȤȌ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȐȑȔ

ȉȐȠ ȉȖȓ ȚȈȕȣȋ ȏȖȘȤșȖȕȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȟ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȠțțȌ ȓ ȚȈȕȌ ȝȥȓȟȐȝȤȍ. Ǵӄȕ

ȈȓȝȔȈȈ ȏӄȊ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȎ ȓ ȚȈ șȈȕȈșȈȕȌȈȈ ȝҸȘȟ ȟȈȌȕȈ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȈȘȈȑ.

3. ǺȈ ӄȌӄȘ ȉҸȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȥȕȥ ȓ ȚӄȓӄȊȓӄȋӄӄ, Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȖȖȘ ȈȔȤșȋȈȓȎ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȟ ȧȊȈȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

ǺȈȕȌ ӄӄȘ ȥȘȋȥȓȏȥȎ Țȥȥȕȥȋȥȓȏȥȝ ȏҸȑȓ ҸȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȚȈ ӄȌȘӄӄș ӄȌӄȘȚ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȓȚȥȑ

ȉȖȓȕȖ.

4. ǺȈ ȝȖȘȊȖȖ ȍȘȚӄȕȞȐȑȋ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȕҸȌȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȈȈȌ Ҹȏ. ӃӄȘ ȝȥȕȐȑ ȟ ȕҸȌȥȥȘ ȉȐȠ.

ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ șȈȑȕ Ȕțț, șȈȑȝȈȕ ȔțțȝȈȑ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȕҸȌȥȥȘ ȖȓȎ ȝȈȘȈȝȣȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥ. ǺȈ Ȕțț ȔțțȝȈȑȋ ȎȐȋȠȐȎ, șȈȑȕ șȈȑȝȕȣȋ ȉȈȝȈȘȝȈȎ ȝȈȘȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

5. ǨȓȐȊȈȈȌ ȚȈȕȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȖȓ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ȇȔȈȘ ȟ ȧȘȐȈ ȔȈȘȋȈȈȕȣ ҸȍȌ

ӄӄȘȐȑȕ Ҹȏȥȓ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ ȥȊȚȥȑȝȥȕ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȟȐȝȌȥȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

6.ǺȈȕȌ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȉȥȘȝȠȥȥȓ țȟȐȘȟ

ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǩȥȘȝȠȥȥȓ ȉȖȓ ȌȈȊȈȕ ȚțțȓȈȝ

ȨșȚȖȑ ȈȓȝȈȔ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖș ȉȐȠ Ȉȑȝ ȏҸȑȓ

ȉȐȠ ȦȔ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȕȈȎ ȧȊ.

7.ȇȔȈȘ ȟ ȕȈȑȌȊȈȘȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȌșȖȕ

ȝҸȕȌ ȟ ȥȞșȐȑȕ ȕȈȑȌȊȈȘ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ

ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȉҸҸ ȔȈȘȚ.

8.ǩțșȌȣȕ țțȘ țȞȈȈȘ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ

ȚțșȋȈȎ ȝҸȓȥȥȎ ȈȊșȕȣ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ.

9. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȐȍȐȑȕ ȝȥȓȉȥȘ ȋȈȓȉȐȘȚ ȕȥȋ Ȑȝ șȈȕȈȈ ȏȖȊșȕȣ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ. ǺȥȘȚȥȑ ȚȥȘȋҸȑ ȝҸȕ

ȉҸȝȥȕ ӄӄȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȥșȥȕ ȖȕȞȓȖȋ ȠȐȕȎҸҸȌȚȥȑ ȠҸҸ Ȍȥȥ.

ǺǨǵȃ ǨǴȄǬǸǨǳȃǫ ǰǳҷҷ Ǩǯ ǮǨǸǫǨǳǺǨǱ ǩǶǳǫǶǽ 6 ǯǨǸǿǰǴ

1. ǩȐȍ ȉȐȍȌȥȥ șȥȊ ȥȘȥȕ, ȋȖȖȟȓȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ.

2. ӃӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȝȈȕȤ ȕӄȝȘӄӄ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝȐȑȋ ȉҸҸ ȝȐȟȥȥ.

3. ǩȐȍ ȉȐȍȥ ȠҸҸȔȎȓȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȏȖȝȐȕȖ. ǽȈȕȤ ȕӄȝӄȘ, ȥȝȕȥȘȚȥȥ Ҹȕȥȕ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȚȈȓȈȘȝȓȣȋ

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ ȕȤ ȟțȝȈȓ.

4. ǩȐȍ ȉȐȍȌȥȥ ȧȓȐȔȋҸȑ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑ.

5. ȆȔ ȉҸȋȌȥȌ șȥȘȥȔȎȚȥȑ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓȚȈȑ ȝȈȕȌȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ.

6. ǫȥȘ ȉҸȓȐȑȕ ȉȥȓȋȐȑȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ȚțȝȈȑ ȕȖȔ țȕȠȈȈȘȈȑ.


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ǩǻǽǰǴǬǳǨǨǹ ǹȅǸǫǰǱǳȅǽ 25 ǨǸǫǨ

1. Ӄȋȓӄӄ țȘȤȌȣȕȝȈȈș 15 ȔȐȕțȚȣȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȉȖșȟ ȉȈȑ. ǺȥȋȊȥȓ ȚȈ ȉҸȝ ȈȎȓȈȈ ȈȔȎțțȓȎ

ȟȈȌȕȈ.

2. ӃȋȓӄӄȕȐȑ ȞȈȑ, ӄȌȘȐȑȕ ȝȖȖȓ, ȝțȊȞȈș ȏȥȘȥȋ ȔȈȘȋȈȈȠ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ țȘȤȌ ȖȘȖȑ ȕȤ

ȉȥȓȚȋȥ.

3. ǻțȓȏȈȓȚȣȕ ȞȈȋ, ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȝȥȓ șțȘȈȝ, ȌȥȓȋҸҸȘ ȖȘȖȝ, ȕȖȔȣȕ șȈȕȌ ȖȟȐȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉҸȝ ȈȎȓȈȈ

ȉȐȟȐȎ ȉȈȑ.

4. ǨȎȓȈȈ ȝȖȑȠ ȚȈȊȤșȈȕȌȈȈ ȝȈȘȈȔșȈȝ Ҹȍ ȖȓȖȕ ȋȈȘȌȈȋ. ǰȑȔ țȟȘȈȈș ȞȈȋȐȑȕ ȦȔȣȋ ȞȈȋȚ

ȕȤ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȘȥȑ.

5. ǻțȓȏȈȓȚȈȕȌ ȉȖȓȏșȖȕ ȞȈȋȈȈșȈȈ 15 ȔȐȕțȚȣȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȐȘ. ǶȘȖȕ ȕțȚȋȐȑȕ ȕȐșȓȥȋȚȥȑ ҸȍȌ

ȖȕȋȖȞȕȣ ȉțțȌȈȓ ȌȥȥȘ ȕȥȋ ȞȈȋȐȑȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȐȘ.

6. ǲȖȜȍ ȉȈȋȈ țț.

7. ǩҸȝ ȦȔȈȕȌ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȝȈȕȌ. ǨȔȎțțȓȈȈȋҸȑ ȈȎȓȈȈș ȟȐȕȤ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȈȕ ȌȥȓȝȐȑ șӄȕӄȟȐȝȋҸȑ ȕȤ ȓȈȊȚȈȑ.

8.ǽҸȕȥȥș ȈșțțȎ ȓȈȊȓȈȎ ȉȈȑ

ǽȥȘȥȊ ȚȈȕȌ ȞȈȋ ȏȈȊ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ

ȝȈȕȌȌȈȋ ȝҸȕȚȥȑ ҸȍȘȝ. ȇȔȈȘ ȟ

șțțȝȌȈȈ

ȝ, ȧȊȈȝ ȏȥ

12.

ȋȈ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȚȈȕȌ ȠȐȕȥ șȈȕȈȈ ӄȋӄȝ

14. ȥȓȐȑȋ ȟȐȕȤ ȏȖȊȖȖȎ ȉțȑ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȌȖȚȕȣ ȕȈȑȏȚȈȑȋȈȈ ȝțȊȈȈȓȞȈȎ, ȧȈȎ

15. Ȉ ȕȤ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȌțȘȚȈȑ,

16. ȥȓȉȥȓ: ǶȓȖȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ӄȔȕӄ Ҹȋ ȝȥȓȥȝȌȥȥ

17. .

ȟȥȥ.

. ȆȔ ȈșțțșȈȕ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȝȖȘȖȔ ȚȈȕȣ ȞȈȋȐȑȋ ȝȥȔȕȥȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

9.YȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȝȥȓȎ șțȘ.

ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȝȥȓ. ǽҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȈȔȘȈȝ, ȋȈȕȞȈȈȘȈȈ ȉȈȑȝ

ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖ.

10.ǨȓȐȊȈȈ ȏҸȑȓȌ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ

ȦȔȈȕȌ ȈȔȈȘȝȈȕ ȠȈȕȈȓȌȈȋ ȝҸȕ ȉțșȌȣȋ țȘțț ȚȈȚȌȈȋ.

11. ǨȎȐȓ ȐȝȚȥȑ ҸȍȌȥȥ, ȐȓҸҸ ȞȈȋȈȈȘ

ȉȖșȖ ȘȋȥȥȘ ȉȐȍȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȟȐȓȥȥȋ ȋȈȘȋȈȎ ȉȈȑ.

ǹȈȕȌȈȘȟ șȈȕȈȈ ȏȖȊșȖȕ ҸȍȌȥȥ ȋҸȕȏȋȐȑ ȈȔȤșȋȈȈ ȈȊ.

13. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȖȌȖȓ, ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȥȥ ȞȈȈș, ȌȥȊȚȥȘ ȌȥȥȘ ȉțțȓ

ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǹȈȕȈȈ șȥȚȋ

ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘȓȥȝ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȏӄȊȓӄȓȌ. ǺȈȕȣ ȕȈȑȏ ȚȈȕȌ ȚțșȈȓȎ ȟȈȌȕȈ.

ǬȈȘȈȔȚ, șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝȧȔȘȈȓȈȈș ȏȈȑȓșȝȐȑȝ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ șȈȑȕ ȈȘȋ

șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓȚȖȑ ȖȘȟȐȕȋ ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȥȝ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȦȔ.

ǨȓȐȊȈȈ ȈȎȓȣȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȉȥȓȚȋȥ. ǮȐȠȥ

ȉȖȓȖȝ ȋȥȎ ȉțȑ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ țȘȤȌȟȐȓȈȕ Țӄșӄӄȓ. ȇȔȈȘ ȝțȊȞȈș ӄȔșӄȝ, ȧȘȐȈȋ ȟȐȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ

ȝҸȔҸҸș șȖȕșȖȝ, ȧȈȎ ȧȘȐȝ Ȋȥ ȋȥȌȋȥȥ șȈȑȕ ȉȖȌ.

ӃȌӄȘ ȉҸȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȌțȘȚȈȑ ȕȥȋ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑ

18. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȖȑȓȋțțȓȈȝȣȕ ȚțȓȌ ȉțșȌȣȋ ȖȑȓȋȖȝȣȋ ȝȐ


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19. ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌȈȈ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ șȈȕȈȈ ȚȈȊȤȎ ȉȈȑ. ǺȈ șȈȑȝȈȕ ȝȈȘȈȋȌȊȈȓ ȚȈȕȣ

șȥȚȋȥȓ ӄӄȌȘӄȋ ȉȈȑȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

20. ǨȎȓȣȕ ȝțȊȐȈȘȈȈ ȉȖȌȐȚȖȖȘ ȋȈȘȋȈ. ǶȓȖȕ țțȓȏȈȓȚȣȕȝȈȈ ȌțȕȌ ȈȔȘȈȝ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȔȐȕțȚ

ҸȓȌȥȥ.

21. ӃӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȌțȚțț Ҹȕȥȓșȥȕ ȉȖȌȓȖȖ ӄӄȘȟȐȓ. ǩȐ ȝȥȚȥȘȝȐȑ ȝӄȋȠȐȕ, ȚȈȘȋȈȕ ȋȥȎ ȉҸҸ ȝȥȓ.

22. ӃȌȘȐȑȕ ȏȈȊșȈȘȓȈȋȈ ȈȊȈȝȈȈ ȉȐȚȋȐȑ ȔȈȘȚ. 15-20 ȔȐȕțȚ ȉȈȑșȈȕ ȟ ӄȘӄӄȕӄӄșӄӄ ȋȈȘȟ

ȈȔȈȘ.

23. ǩțșȌȣȋ țțȟȐȓȎ șțȘ. ǩȐȌ Țӄȋș ȉțș ȖȘȟȓȖȕȌ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȖȑȓȋȖ.

24. ǺȈ șȈȕȌȈȘȟ ȉțȑȋȈȈ ȔȥȌȥȥȌ ȚȈȑȊȠȘȈȝȣȋ ȝҸșȊȥȓ ȌȖȖȘȝȐ ȐȖȋȐȑȕ ȌȈșȋȈȓȣȋ ȝȐȑ.

ǵȈȑȔȈȕ șȍȒțȕȌȣȕ ȚțȘȠ ȝȈȔȘȈȈȘȈȈ ȋҸȕȏȋȐȑ ȈȔȤșȋȈȈ ȈȊȈȈȌ 15 șȍȒțȕȌȣȕ ȚțȘȠ

ȈȔȈȈȘȈȈ țȌȈȈȕ ȋȈȘȋȈ. ǩҸȝ ȏҸȑȓ ȈȔȈȘ ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȎ Țӄșӄӄȓ. ȅȕȥ ȌȈșȋȈȓȈȈ 10

țȌȈȈ ȌȈȊȚ.

25. ǰȘȥȥȌҸȑȋȥȥ șȈȑȕ șȈȑȝȕȈȈȘ Țӄșӄӄȓ. ǽҸȕ ȉҸȘ ȟȈȌȈȝ ȉҸȝȕȥȥ ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥȌȥȋȚ ȐȚȋȥ.

ǩǰǭȅ ǹǻǳǨǸǿ ȇǬǨǸǫǨǨǵǨǨǹ ǨǵǫǰǮǰǸǿ, ǨǴǮǰǳǺǨǵǬ ǽҷǸȅǽ ǨǸǫǨ

ǽҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȍ, șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝȖȨȘ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȖȖ șȈȓȠȋҸȑ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ ȝҸȕ ȥȓȌȥȊ ȉȥȘȝȠȥȥȓȌ

ȖȘȖȝȣȕ ȝȥȘȥȥȘ ȉțȓȟȐȕ ȕȤ ȏȈȕȋȐȘȟ, ȉȐȍ ȈȔȘȈȝȈȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǰȕȋȥșȥȕ ȝҸȕ ȐȌȥȊȝȚȥȑ ȈȎȐȓ ȝȐȑȝȋҸȑ

ȉȈȑȓȈȈ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȧȌȈȘȋȈȈ ȕȤ ȋȈȘȌȈȋȋҸȑ. ȇȌȈȘȋȈȈ ȕȤ Ȑȝ ȉȈȑȝ ȚțșȈȔ ȈȔȎțțȓȌȈȋ ȈȎȐȓ ȉȈȋȈșȟ, ȚȥȘ

ȝȥȘȥȥȘ ȧȈȋȈȈȌ ȝҸȟ ȕȤ ȝҸȘȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ, ȦțȕȈȈș ȉȖȓȎ ȧȌȘȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȝ ȋȥȎ ȠȈȕȈȓȌȈȋ.

ǰȕȋȥșȕȥȥȘ țȞȈȈȘ, ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȓ ȕȤ țȓȈȔ ȕȥȔȥȋȌȥȎ ӄȌȘӄӄș ӄȌӄȘȚ țȓȈȔ ȚȈȊȋҸȑȚȌȥȋ.

ǸȍȓȈȒșȈȞȐȑȕ ȚȍȝȕȐȒ ȉțȦț ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȕȤ ȏȥȘȓȥȋ ȉȈȑȋȈȓȤȌ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȝȈȌ ȌȈșȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞșȖȕ

ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȚȖȑ ȝҸȕȌ șȖȨȓ ȐȘȋȥȕȠȓȐȑȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȐȓҸҸȚȥȑ ȝțȘȌȈȕ ȌȈșȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞȖȎ, ȐȓҸҸ ȚȈȊ ȚțȝȚȈȑ

ȈȔȤȌȘȈȝȈȌ ȕȤ ȚțșȓȈȌȈȋ. ǹҸҸȓȐȑȕ ȚȈȊȐȕ ȔȧȕȋȈȕ ȎȐȓȐȑȕ ȌȖȚȖȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȈȔȤȌȘȈȓȣȕ ȝȥȊ ȔȈȧȋ

ҸȕȌșȥȥȘȥȥ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȋȌșӄȕ ȟ ȋȥȓȥȥ ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȐȑȕ ȌȈșȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞȖȝ ȝȈȘȐț ҸȑȓȌȥȓ ȝȐȑȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘ ȕȤ

ӄӄȘȟȓӄȋȌӄȓȋҸȑ ȝȥȊȥȥȘ ҸȓȌșȥȕ ȦȔ. ǶȕȋȖȕ ȉȈȑȋȈȓȐȑȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ șȚȘȍșș ȉțȦț ȋȈȌȕȣ ȌȈȘȈȔȚȣȕ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘșȖȕ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕ ȉțșȈȌ șҸҸȕ ȚȥȎȥȥȓȚȕҸҸȌȐȑȕ ȈȌȐȓȈȈȘ ȏțȋȈȚȈȈȝ ȥșȊȥȓ ȚҸȘȥȔȋȐȑȓȥȝ ȋȥșȥȕ

ȚȈȒȚȐȒȐȑȕ ȈȓȤ ȕȥȋȐȑȋ șȖȕȋȖșȕȖȖȘ ȈșțțȌȓȣȋ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȕȋțȑ ȥȕȋȐȑȕ ȝȧȓȉȈȘ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ ȠȐȑȌȌȥȋ. ǺȈ ȝҸȑ

ȕȥȋȌȓȐȑȕ ҸȍȌ ȈȔȤȌȈȘȌȈȋ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȌ ȋȥȕȥȚ ȉȈȈȊȋȈȑȚȈȑ ȕҸҸȘ ȚțȓȉȈȓ ȝțȘȌȝȈȕ ȠȐȋ ȏțȋȈȚȈȝ țț ȥșȊȥȓ

ȌȈȑȘȈȝ țț ȋȥșȥȕ ȝȖȨȘ ȠȐȑȌȓȐȑȕ ȕȥȋȐȑȋ ȓ șȖȕȋȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȚțȓȋȈȘȕȈ. ǨȓȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȟ șȖȕȋȖșȖȕ ȝҸȕȥȥș

Ȑȝȥȥȝȥȕ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȕȐȑ ȚȈȔȐȘ, ȥȘȟȐȔ ȝҸȟȕȐȑ ȥȝ ҸҸșȊȥȘȥȥ ȌȈȑȟȓȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȋȈȘȕȈ. ǺȥȋȥȥȌ ȟ ȉȐȌȕȐȑ ȉȐȍ

ȔȈȝȉȖȌȤ ȚȥȘ ȉҸȋȌȐȑȋ ȝȐȑȎ ȟȈȌȌȈȋ ȦȔ.

ǫȥȚȥȓ ȝҸȕ ȚӄȘӄȓȝȚӄȕ șȖȨȓȎȐȎ ȐȘȋȥȕȠȐȝȐȑȕ ȝȥȘȥȥȘ ȜȐȏȐȖȓȖȋȐȑȕ ȌȈșȈȕ ȏȖȝȐȞȖȝ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔțțȌ ȕȤ

ȉȈȑȋȈȓȐȈș ȏȈȧȈșȕȣ ȌȈȋțț ȉҸȘȥȕ ȌҸҸȘȥȕ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓșȖȕ. ǩȐȌȥȕȌ ȚȥȘ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ șȈȋș

ȚȖȋȓȖȝ ȥșȊȥȓ ȚҸȓȥȥ ȝȈȋȈȓȈȝ ȏȥȘȋȥȥȘ ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȐȖ ȥȘȟȐȔȚȥȑ ȌȈȑȟȓȈȝ ȏȈȔȈȈȘ ȝțȘȐȔȚȓȈȋȌșȈȕ șӄȘӄȋ


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ȥȘȟȐȔ ȝҸȟȥȥ ȋȈȌȈȋȠȓțțȓȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎ ȖȓȌȌȖȋȋҸȑ. ǰȝ ȓ ȉȖȌȖȎ ȕȈȑȏȚȈȑȋȈȈ ȈȧȋȈ ȠȈȘ ȈȑȘȈȋ țțȎ,

șȥȚȋȥȓȥȥ “ȖȕȋȖȑȚȖȓ” ȟȈȓȟȌȈȋ. ҷҸȕȐȑ ȌȥȥȘ ȕȈȑȏ ȚȈȕȤ ȚȈȕȣȋ ȌȥȔȎȐȎ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȥȕȥ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȉȐȍȥ

șțȓȓȈȝ ȕȥȋ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȖȓȎ ӄȋȌӄȋ. ǰȕȋȥșȕȥȥȘȥȥ ȚȈ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȓȐȑȕ ȥșҸҸȌȐȑȕ ȝȥȚ ӄȕȌӄȘ

ȐȌȥȊȝȎȓȐȑȋ ȝҸȟȥȥȘ ȌȈȘȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ǫȥȚȥȓ ȈȔȘȈȝ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ҸȘ ȌҸȕȚȥȑ ȈȘȋȈ ȕȤ ȕȖȑȘ ȉȈ ȉȐȍ

ȔȈȝȉȖȌȐȖ ȐȌȥȊȝȚȥȑ ȈȟȈȈȓȓȈȝ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȟ ȉȐȌȥȕȌ ȚȥȘ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȥȕȥ ȝȖȨȘ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȝ

ȉȖȓȖȔȎ, ȉȖȓȖȓȞȖȖ ȉȈȑȌȈȋȋҸȑ.

ǬȖȚȖȖȌ ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȓ, ȧȌȈȘȋȈȈȋ ȚȈȑȓȈȝ ȕȥȋ ȈȘȋȈ ȕȤ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȎ șțȘȈȝ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȝȥȕ ȟ

ȋȥșȥȕ ȥȏȥȔȠȐȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȚȖȑȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȥȓȌȥȊ ȚțșȋȈȑ ȝȥȘȥȋșȥȓ, Ȕӄȕȋӄ, Ȑȝ ȞȈȋ ȏȈȘȞțțȓȈȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȋҸȑ

ȉȈȑȌȋȈȈȘȈȈ ȌȈȊțț ȚȈȓȚȈȑ. ǩȐȍȥ șțȓȓȈȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘ ȕȤ ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȓ, ȧȌȈȘȋȈȈȋ ȚȈȑȓȈȝȈȌ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ

ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȐȓҸҸ ȋҸȕȏȋȐȑ ȚȈȕȐȝ ȔȥȌȥȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎ ȖȓȋȖȌȖȋ ȖȓȖȕ ȠȈȠȐȕ ȠҸȚȓȥȋ, ȚȍȝȕȐȒȌ

ȏȈȑȓȠȋҸȑ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǩțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȝ ȉҸȝ ȚȍȝȕȐȒҸҸȌ ȕȤ ȥȓȌȥȊ ȉȖȌȐș ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȓȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ țȝȈȔșȈȘȚȈȑȋȈȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ

țȌȐȘȌȈȝ ȌȥȥȘ șțțȘȐȓșȈȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȍ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȕȥȋȌȔȥȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȚȈȈȋҸȑȚȥȓ

ȕȤ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋ ȟȈȕȋȈȘȟ, ȏȈȕȋȐȘȈȝȈȌ ȝҸȘȋȥȌȥȋ. ǺȥȋȥȝȥȥȘ ȝҸȕ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȊȈȓ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȓ

ȟ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȈȘȐȓȕȈ ȋȥșȥȕ Ҹȋ. ǰȑȔ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȌ ȔȥȘȋȥȎȓȐȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ țȌȐȘȌȓȈȋȈȕ ȌȖȘ șțȘȈȓȞȈȝ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ

ȏȖȝȐșȚȖȑ ȟ ȋȥȓȥȥ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȔȥȘȋȥȎȐȓȚȕȥȥȘ ȏȈȈȓȋȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȋҸȑ ȦȔ. ǩțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȝȈȌ ȚȈ

ȝȈȕȈȔȎ ȈȊȟ șțȓȓȈȈȌ ȌțțșșȈȕȣ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȟ ȋȥșȥȕ ȚȥȘ ȝȈȕȈȔȎ țȌȈȈȕ ȝțȋȈȞȈȈȕȣ ȚțȘȠȐȌ ȝȈȌȋȈȓȈȋȌȈȕ

ҸȓȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȏӄȊ șțȘȎ ȉȈȑȕȈȈ ȋȥȎ ȖȑȓȋȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǽȈȘȐȕ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȝ

ȌȈșȋȈȓȣȋ ȝȐȑșȕȐȑ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȚȈȈȚȈȑ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ ȖȋȚ ҸҸșȥȝȋҸȑ ȥșȊȥȓ ҸҸșșȥȕ ȌȈȘțȑȌȈȈ ȝțȘȌȈȕ ȈȓȋȈ ȉȖȓȎ,

ȧȌȈȘȟ, ȈȑȌȈș ȔȥȌȥȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȈȓȌȈȈ ȋȈȘȋȈșȕȣ ȠȐȕȎ.

ӃӄȘȚӄӄ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȝȋҸȑ ȈȘȋȣȋ șȖȕȋȖȕ ȈȊșȕȈȈș ȉȖȓȎ ȈȓȌȈȈ ȋȈȘȋȈșȈȕ ȉȈȑȎ ȟ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȚȈȓȚȈȑ. ǩȐȌ ȚȈȕȌ

ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ șțȓȓȈȝ ȝȥȌ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȈȘȋȈȚȈȑ ȚȈȕȐȓȞțțȓȈȝ Țțȓ ȚȈ ȚȥȌȕȐȑȋ ȚțȘȠȐȕ ҸȏȥȥȌ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ

ȚȖȝȐȘȖȔȎȚȖȑȋ ȕȤ șȖȕȋȖȕ ȈȊȈȝ ȕȤ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȏȖȝȐșȚȖȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǩǻǳǿǰǵǫǨǨ ǹǻǳǳǨǽ ǽǨǴǫǰǱǵ ȅǵǫǰǱǵ ǨǸǫǨ

ȅȕȥȝҸҸ ȈȘȋȈ ȕȤ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȉҸȓȥȋ ȉțȓȟȐȕ ȔȥȌȥȋȌȥȝҸȑȞ ȟȈȕȋȈȘșȕȣ ȌȈȘȈȈȋȈȈȘ ȎȈȔ ȨșȖȖȘ șțȓȈȘȌȈȋ

ȋȥșȥȕ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȥȕȋȐȑȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎ, ȔȥȌȓȥȋ ȌȥȥȘ ҸȕȌȥșȓȥșȥȕ ȦȔ.

ȀҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȐȠ, șȈȕȌȈȓȕȣ ȝӄȓ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȐȑȕ ȞȐȓȐȕȌȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȘȚȥȑ ȈȚȋȈȎ ȉȖȓȖȝțȑȞ ȏҸȑȓ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǨȊșȈȕ ȥȌȥȥ ȉȈȘțțȕ ȋȈȘȚȈȈ ȈȊȟ /șȖȓȋȖȑ ȝҸȕ șȖȓȋȖȑ ȋȈȘȈȈȘȈȈ/ ȉȧȞȓȈȝ ȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȔȥȚ ȉҸȝ ȝҸȟȥȥȘȥȥ

ȈȚȋȈȕȈ. ǫȈȘȣȕ ȟȐȕȤ ȉțȓȟȐȕ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȟȈȕȋȈȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ șȈȑȕ ȔȥȌȥȘ.ǺȈ ȝțȘțțȕȣ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ Ƞțțȕȣ ȟȐȕȤ

ȉțȓȟȐȕ ȏȈȕȋȐȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȔȥȌȥȘȕȥ. ǬȈȘȈȈ ȕȤ ȈȚȋȈȎ ȌȐȑȓȥȝȥȥ ȉȖȓȤȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȔȥȌȘȥȝ ҸȍȌ

ȈȚȋȈȝȈȈ ȉȖȓȐȕȖ.


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ȅȕȥ ȌȈșȋȈȓȣȋ ȋҸȑȞȥȚȋȥȝȌȥȥ ȈȚȋȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȏҸȑȓȥȥ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ӄȘȋӄȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈ ȉȈȑȝȋҸȑ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȏҸȋȥȥȘ

ȚȥȕȞȊȥȘȥȥ ȈȓȌȈȝȈȈȘȋҸȑ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȥȊȚȥȑȝȥȕ ȉȈȑȘȓȈȓȌ ȈȚȋȈȝȈȌ ȓ ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ.

ǩțȓȟȐȕ ȟȈȕȋȈȘșȕȣȝȈȈ ȌȈȘȈȈ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ șțȓȈȘȌȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ ȚȈȕȣ ȋȈȘ ӄȊȌӄȋ, ȠȐȘȥȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȟ ȦȔțț

ȥșȊȥȓ ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ țȕȎȐȎ ȉȈȑȋ. ǩțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ șțȓȈȘșȈȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ӄȔȕӄȝ ȏȈȕȋȐȘșȈȕ, ȟȈȕȋȈȘșȈȕ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓȚȈȑ ȝȈȘȤȞțțȓ. ҷҸȕȚȥȑ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȈȌȐȓȈȈȘ ȝӄȓȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ șțȓȈȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȔȥȌȥȘ.

ǫȈȘȈȈȘȈȈ ȋȈȏȈȘ ȚțȓȈȕ șțțȋȈȈȌ țȓȈȈȘȈȈ ȝȈȕ Șțț ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄȝ ȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȔȥȚ ȉҸȝ ȝҸȟȥȥȘȥȥ ȎȐȑȕȥ.

ǽӄȓ, ȕțȘțț ȉȖȓȖȕ ȋȈȘȣȕȝȈȈ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋ ȝȥȘȝȥȕ ȟȈȕȋȈȘȟ, ȏȈȕȋȐȘȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȕ, ȔȥȌȥȘ. ǾȈȈȠȐȌ

ȎȐȑȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȈȈ ȉȖȓȐȝȖȌ ȋȈȏȈȘ ȝȥȊȚȥȥȌ Ҹȍ ȔӄȟȐȕȌӄӄ ȔȥȌȘȥȋȌȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉҸȋȌȐȑȋ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎ ȈȊȈȝȣȋ

ȝȐȟȥȥ.

ǩțȓȟȐȕȋȐȑȕ șțȓȘȈȓȣȋ ȟȈȕȋȈȘȈȓȚȈȈș ȧȓȋȈȎ șțȘȈȝ ȕȤ ȉțȓȟȐȕ șțȓȓȈȝ ȉҸȝ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȌ șțȘȈȓȞȈȝȈȌ

ȏȈȑȓȠȋҸȑ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȏҸȑȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȈ ȐȕȋȥȎ ȧȓȋȈȎ șțȘșȕȈȈȘȈȈ ȈȘȈȑ ȐȓҸҸ ȋҸȕ șțȓȓȈȌȈȋ ȚȍȝȕȐȒ

ȘҸҸ ȖȘȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǮǭǲǶǩǹǶǵȃ Ǻǭǽǵǰǲ

ǩțȓȟȐȕȋȈȈ ȏȖȝȐȝ ȚҸȊȠȐȕȌ șțȓȓȈȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑȋȥȥș ȉȖȓȎ ȧȌȘȈȝ, ȚțȝȋҸȑȚȥȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȚȈȈȋҸȑ ȏҸȑȓȚȥȑ

țȟȐȘȌȈȋ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȥȕȥ ȈȘȋȣȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǽҸȕȐȑ ȉȐȍ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȝȖȨȘ șȈȓȠȋҸȑ ȕȥȋȌȔȥȓ ȏҸȑȓ

ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘ ȉțȓȟȐȕ ȔȥȌȘȥȓȐȑȕ ȥșҸҸȌ ȝȥȚ ȐȌȥȊȝȎșȥȕ ȉȈȑȝ ȕȤ șȥȚȋȥȓ ȚȈȈȋҸȑȚȥȝ, ȉțȝȐȔȌȈȝ ȈȊȐȘȣȋ

ȈȘȈȈșȈȈ ȌȈȋțțȓȌȈȋ. ǽȥȘȥȊ ȝҸȕ ȐȑȔ ȉțȝȐȔȌșȈȕ, ҸȍȌ ȉȐȍȥ șțȓȓȈȝ ȋȥȥȌ ȉҸȘ ȟ ȟȈȕȋȈȓȎ ȏȈȕȋȐȘțțȓȈȝ

ȕȤ ȖȓȖȕȚȈȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȐȑȔȥȥș ȐȑȔ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȧșȣȋ ȌȈȋȈȕ ȉȈȑȘȓȈșȈȕ ȉțȓȟȐȕȋ șțȓȓȈșȈȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȓ

ȉȐȍȥ ȉҸȘȥȕ șțȓȓȈȎ șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȉțȝȐȔȌȓȈȈș ȈȕȋȐȎȘȈȝ ȉȖȓȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȋȥȎ ȥȕȥ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐȑȋ ҸȕȌȥșȓȥȋȟ ȕȤ

ҸȏȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ.

ǬȈșȋȈȓțțȌȣȋ ȝȥȊȚȥȥ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ,ȚȈȑȊȈȕ ȟȐȔȥȥ ȉȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȖȘȟȐȕȌ ȋҸȑȞȥȚȋȥȝ ȕȤ ȐȓҸҸ ҸȘ ȌҸȕȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǾȈȋ, ȝӄȘȋӄȋȟ, ȋțȌȈȔȎȈȈȘ ȌȈȊȝȐȝ ȔȈȠȐȕȣ ȟȐȔȥȥ ȔȥȚȐȑȕ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ȈȋțțȓȈȈȋҸȑ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈ

ȋȖȓȌțț ȌȈșȋȈȓ ȝȐȑȝȥȌ ȕȥȋ Ȑȝ șȈȈȌ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȌ ȉȈȑȌȈȋȋҸȑ Țțȓ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǺȈ ȐȑȔ

ȟȐȔȥȥȕȌ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȥȘȝȋҸȑ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȝȈȕȌțțȓȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȌȈȘȈȈȋȐȑȕ țȌȈȈȌ ȌȈșȋȈȓ ȥȝȓȥȝȐȑȕ

ӄȔȕӄ “ȅȘȋȥȕ ȚȖȑȘȕȣ Ȍțț ȈȊȐȈ ȔȐȕȐȑ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȣȋ ȚȈȚȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǿȐȔȥȥ ȠțțȋȐȈȕ ȕȈȌȈȌ șȈȈȌ

ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ” /ӄȋҸҸȓȉȥȘ ȏȈȈȊȈȓ ȐȑȔ ȉȈȑȝ ȈȓȉȈȋҸȑ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ ȝҸȕ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ

ȚȈȈȘțțȓȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ/ ȋȥȎ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ ȓ ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ.

ǽȥȊȚȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȈȏȈȘ ȕȤ ȋȈȘȈȈ ȉȐȍȥ ȌȈȋțțȓȈȕ ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȚȈȊȐȝȈȌ șȈȈȌ ȉȖȓȖȝȖȖȘȋҸȑ ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ

ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ǺȈȕȣȋ Ȧț ȟ ȕțȝȈȓȎ, ҸȘȎ, ȚȈȊ Țțȝ, ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȋ ȟȐȕȤ ȈȓȌȈȋȌțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȝ

ȨșȋҸȑ. ǽțȊȞȈș ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕ ȉȈȘȐȝȈȈȘȋҸȑ ȟӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ, ȋȈȘ ȝӄȓ ȟȐȕȤ ȟȐȓȎ, ȔȥȕȘȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ӃȘӄӄ

ȝȈȓțțȞȈȎ ȥșȊȥȓ ȌȈȈȘȈȝȈȈȘȋҸȑ ȝȥȊȐȑȕ ȌțȓȈȈȕȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǬȈȈȘȟ ȉȖȓȏȖȠȋҸȑ ȕӄȝȞӄȓȌ ȝӄȕȋӄȝӄȕ ȏҸȑȓ

ȕӄȔӄȘȟ ȉȖȓȕȖ.


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ǬȈșȋȈȓ ȥȝȓȥȝȐȑȕ ӄȔȕӄ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȚțȝȈȑ ȝȥȊȚȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǫȈȘȈȈ ȈȓȋȈȈȘ ȕȤ ȌȖȖȠ ȝȈȘțțȓȈȕ

ȉȐȍȐȑȕȝȥȥ ȌȈȋțț ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȓȋȈȕȈ. ǽӄȓӄȕȌӄӄ ȔӄȘȕȐȑ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȚȥȑ ȏȈȑ ȈȊȕȈ. ǺȈȑȊȈȕ ȝȥȊȚȥȥ

ȕҸȌȥȥ țȌȈȈȕ ȈȕȐȕȈ. ǻȌȈȈȕ ȈȕȐȝ ȚțșȈȔ ȝțȘȌȈȕ ȚȈȑȊȠȐȘȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎ ȈȊ.

ӃȌӄȘȚ ȕȥȋ țȌȈȈ ȞȈȋȐȑȕ ȚțȘȠ ȌȈșȋȈȓȣȋ ȝȐȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȟ șȥȘҸҸȓȥȋ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȋҸȑ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȚȖȋȚȖȖȎ

ȈȊȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǺȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȈȓȉȈȌȈȓȋҸȑȋȥȥȘ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȈȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȚțȝȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȝȈȈȘ ȥȋȥȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ

ȝȐȑȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȦȔ. ǯȈȘȐȔ ȚȥȘ ȉȖȓȋȖȕ ȌȈșȋȈȓ ȝȐȑȋȥȥȌ ȉȈȑȝ ȏȈȊ ȉȈȑȌȈȋȋҸȑ ȋȥȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȦȔ. ǫȥȊȟ

ȈȎȓȈȈ ȏȖȝȐșȚȖȑȋȖȖȘ ȝțȊȐȈȘȓȈȈȌ ȝҸșȥȓ ȉȈȑȝ ȦȔ ȉȖȓ ȌȈșȋȈȓ ȝȐȑȝ ȞȈȋ ȈȧȕȌȈȈ ȋȈȘȈȈȌ ȐȘȕȥ. ǺȥȋȥȥȌ

ȟ ҸҸȕȥȥș ӄӄȘ ȚȈȕȌ ȐȓҸҸȚȥȑ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȏӄȕȌӄӄ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ șȈȕȈȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǩțȓȟȐȕ ȕȤ ȉȈȑȕȋȈ

ȟȈȕȋȈȘȟ, ȥȔ ȚȈȕ Ȧț ȟ ȝȥȘȥȋȓȥȥȌ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȝȥȔȎȥȥȕȌ șțȓȓȈȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȔҸҸșȚ ȥȕȥ

ȈȘȋȈ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȚȖȝȐȘȖȔȎȚȖȑ ȋȥȎ ȏȖȝȐȖȋȟ ȕȤ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓșȖȕ ȉȈȑȌȋȐȑȋ ȥȕȥ ȌȈȠȘȈȔȌ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ

ȐȓҸҸȌȥȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ.

ǴǨǵǳǨǱǳǨǳ

ǴȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȝ ȕȤ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȏȖȘȐȓȚȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȥȝȐȑȕ ȚțȓȌ ȉțșȌȣȕ Ҹȑȓ ȈȘȈȕȠȐȕȋ ȎȖȓȖȖȌȖȕ

ȟȐȋȓҸҸȓȥȝ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ țȚȋȈȈȘ ȈȊȟ ҸȏȊȥȓ ȎȖȓȖȖȌȖȕ ȟȐȋȓҸҸȓȥȝ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȝҸȔҸҸșȐȑȋ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈȘ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈ ȧȊțțȓȈȝ ȉțȦț ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȟȐȋȓȥȓȐȑȋ ȉȈȘȐȔȚȓȈȕ

ȌȈȋȈȓȌȈȝȈȈȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȓӄȝ ȧȊȌȓ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈ ȕȤ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȣȕ ȉȖȌȓȖȋȖ, ȎțȘȈȔ,

ȈȎȓȣȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȓȚ ȋȈȘȋȈȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ҸȑȓȌȓҸҸȌȚȥȑ ȕȧȋȚ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȚȖȑ. ǵȥȋ ҸȋȥȥȘ ȝȥȓȥȝȥȌ

ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȕ ȋȖȓ ȞӄȔ ȕȤ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȉțșȌȈȈȘ ȌȈȔȎțțȓȈȕ ȉҸȚȥȥȝ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȦȔ.

ǵӄȋӄӄ ȚȈȓȈȈș ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȋ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ șȖȓȖȐȓȞȖȝ, ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȝҸȘȥȝ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞȈȌ ȧȔȈȘ ȕȥȋ

ȕӄȓӄӄ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝ ȖȘȖȓȌȓȖȋȣȋ ȝȥȓȌȥȋ. ȅȕȥ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȓȚ ȕȤ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓ ȕȤ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȓȐȑȕ

ȝȥȘȥȋȞȥȥȋ, ȉҸȝ ȟțȝȈȓ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕțțȌ ȕȤ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȋ ȈȋțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȋȥȌȋȐȑȋ ȝȈȘțțȓȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȓȚȣȕ ȝȖȨȘȌȈȝȤ ȟțȝȈȓ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞȣȕ

ȟțȝȈȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȦȔ.

ҷȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟ ȕȤ ȝțȊ ȝҸȕȐȑ, ȉҸȓȋȐȑȕ, ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȣȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȣȋ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȌȥȋ.

ȅȘȌȥȔȚȥȌ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȕ 3 ȟȐȋ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ ȉȈȑȕȈ ȋȥȎ ҸȏȌȥȋ. ҷҸȕȌ:

1. ǯȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ

2. ҷȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ

3. ǵӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ


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ǽǻǪȄ ǽҷǵǰǱ ǯǨǵ ǿǨǵǨǸȃǵ ǽǨǵǬǳǨǫǨ

ҷȘ ȌҸȕȚȥȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ ȏȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝȖȌ ȥȘȚȕȥȥș ȟȐȋȓȥȎ ȉȈȑȊ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ҸȘ

ȌҸȕȚȥȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȌ ȉȈȑȎ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȏȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝȖȌ ȟȐȋȓȥȌȥȋ. ǰȝȥȕȝ

șțȌȈȓȋȈȈ ȕȤ ȖȦțȕ țȝȈȈȕ, ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȏȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘ, ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȣȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘȚ ҸȕȌȥșȓȥȌȥȋ.

o ǶȦțȕ țȝȈȈȕȣ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘ

ǨȔȎȐȓȚȚȈȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ ȖȦțȕ țȝȈȈȕȣ ȝȥȔȎҸҸȘȚ ȠȐȑȌȔȥȋ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȦȔȣȋ Ҹȕȥȓȥȝ

ȟȈȌȊȈȘ, ȔȥȌȓȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȐȓȚȋȥȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘ ȖȘȌȖȋ.

o ǯȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ

ǯȈȘȐȔ șțȌȈȓȋȈȈ ȕȤ ӄȊӄȘȔӄȞ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, Ҹȕȥȕȟ ȠțȌȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȐȚȋȥȝ ȐȚȋȥȓ ȏȥȘȋȐȑȋ

ȈȔȎȐȓȚȚȈȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓȌ ȖȘțțȓȌȈȋ. ǵӄȋӄӄ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȖȌȖȖȋ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ ȏȈȘȐȔ șțȌȓȈȈȟȐȌ ȉҸȚȥȥȓȟ

ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȚȖȝȤ ȚțȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȈȘȋȈ ȏȓȐȑȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

o ǩȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȐȑȕ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘ

ҷȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȚȥȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓ ȉȈ ȕȈș, ӄȕȌӄȘ, ȎȐȕ, ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉȐȍ ȔȈȝȉȖȌȐȑȕ ȠȐȕȎ

ȟȈȕȈȘ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓ ȝȖȨȘȣȕ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ ȝȖȓȉȖȖȋ șțȌȈȓșȈȕ șțȌȈȓȋȈȈ ȕȤ ȥșȘȥȋ ȚȥșȘȥȋ ҸȘ ȌҸȕȋ

ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎȥȥ. ǩҸȓȥȋȚȥȥ ӄȕȌӄȘ, ȉҸȌҸҸȕ ȉȈȑȝ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȤȚ ȚҸҸȕȥȥș ȈȊȈȝ

ȨșȚȖȑ ȋȥșȥȕ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȣȋ ȝȈȘțțȓȌȈȋȋҸȑ. ǫȥȊȟ Ȑȝȥȕȝ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈȌ ȉȐȍȥȘ ȚȖȔ ȝҸȕ ȉțșȌȈȌ

ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȓ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȎ ȟȈȌȕȈ ȋȥȎ ȐȚȋȥȌȥȋ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ țȓȈȔȎȓȈȓȚ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȚ ȌȥȥȘ ҸȕȌȥșȓȥȌȥȋ.

ҷǱǳ ǽӃǬǳӃǳǰǱǵ ȀǰǵǮ ǿǨǵǨǸȃǵ ǽǨǵǬǳǨǫǨ

ǯȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȕ ȝȈȑȋțțȓȌ “ȈȓȚ” ȖȓȖȝ ȉȖȓȖȞȖȖȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȗ ȕȤ șțȌȈȓȋȈȈȕȣ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ Ҹȑȓ

ȝӄȌȓӄȓȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȈȈ ȝȈȕȌțțȓȈȝȈȌ ȝҸȘȋȥȌȥȋ. ҷȘ ȈȠȐȋȚȈȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓ ȕȤ ӄӄȘ

ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȚҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ.

ǶȋȈȑȧ ȔțȎȐȑȕ șțȘȋȈȓȚ

1940-ӄӄȌ Ȗȕȣ ҸȍȌ ǶȋȈȑȧ ȔțȎȐȑȕ ǰȝ ǹțȘȋțțȓȤ ȌȥȥȘ ȝȐȑșȥȕ șțȌȓȈȋȈȈ ȕȤ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȕ

ȖȕȖȓȌ ȖȓȖȕ ȚȈȓȣȕ ȝҸȟȐȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȈȔȘțțȓșȈȕ. ǺȥȌ ȏȖȕȝȐȓȖȝ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȋ 2 ȋȖȓ

ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȌ ȝțȊȈȈșȈȕ. ҸҸȕȌ ȖȘȖȓȞȖȖȕȣ ȉȈ ȉҸȚȥȞ ȉȈ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

ǶȘȖȓȞȖȖȕȣ ȉҸȚȥȞ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȕȤ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟ ӄӄȘȐȑȕȝӄӄ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȟȌȣȕȝȈȈ

ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȓȚ ȉȈ ȉȐȍȓҸҸȓȥȓȚȥȕȌ ȋҸȑȞȥȚȋȥȝ ҸҸȘȋȐȑȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȎ ȏȖȝȐȖȕ

ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȝ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ ȐȎȐȓ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȝȖȓȉȖȖ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȏȖȘȐȓȋȣȋ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝ Ҹȑȓ ȝӄȌȓӄȓȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȈȋțțȓȌȈȋ. ǶȘȖȓȞȖȖ ӄȕȌӄȘȚȥȑ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟ ȕȤ

ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȈȎȐȓ ҸҸȘȋȥȥȘ ȉҸȓȋȐȑȕ ȋȐȠҸҸȌȚȥȑ ȝȈȔȚȘȈȕ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȎ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ

șȚȈȕȌȈȘȚȣȋ ȉȐȍȓҸҸȓȥȝȐȑȋ ȠȈȈȘȌȌȈȋ.


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ǨȕȝȈȈȘȈȓ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȕ ȉȐȍ ȉȐȍȕȌȥȥ ȐȚȋȥȝ, ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȈȋșȌȣȕ șȈȕȈȈ ȉȖȌȓȣȋ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȝ

ȋȥșȥȕ ȏҸȑȓҸҸȌȥȥȘ ȐȓȥȘȌȥȋ ȈȎȓȣȕ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȦȔ. ǴȈȕȓȈȑȌȈȋȟ ȕȤ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȈȋșȌȣȕȝȈȈ ȚȖȝȤ

ȚțȝȚȈȑ ȖȘȟȐȕ, șȚȈȚțș ȉȈ ȝȈȕȈȔȎȐȕȌ ȕȤ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

ǵӃǽǾӃǳ ǩǨǱǬǳȃǵ ǽǨǵǬǳǨǫǨ

ǴȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȕ șțȌȈȓȋȈȈȕȌ ȏȈȕ ȟȈȕȈȘȣȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈȈș ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ

ȌȈȊȈȔȋȈȑȓȈȝ ȉȖȓșȖȕ. ǴȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȕȈ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȝȈȕȌȓȈȋȈ ȕȤ

ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȓ ȈȔȎȐȓȚȚȈȑ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȥșȥȝ ȕȤ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȌ, ȌȈȋȈȓȌȈȋȟȐȌ, ȉȖȓȖȕ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ

ȉȈȑȌȓȈȈș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȕȈ ȋȥȌȥȋ ҸȏȥȓȌ ȚțȓȋțțȘȓȈȕȈ.

ǴȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓ ȕȤ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȕӄȝȞȓȐȑȕ ȖȕȖȊȟȚȖȑ ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝȖȌ

ȖȘȠȐȕȖ. ȅȕȥ ȖȕȖȓ ȕȤ ȌȈȈȓȋȈȊȈȘ, ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈ ȋȥșȥȕ ȝȥȔȎȐȋȌȥȝҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȈȠȐȋȓȈȌȈȋ. ȅȕȥ

ȖȕȖȓȖȖȘ ȉȖȓ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟȐȑȕ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓ ȕȤ ȌȈȋȈȓȌȈȋȟȌȣȕ ȉȖȓȞȖȖș ȝȈȔȈȈȘȕȈ. ǹȈȑȕ

ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȈȋȟ ȝҸȕ ȧȕȏ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȔȈȕȓȈȑȓȓȣȕ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȘȐȓȈȈ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ

ӄӄȘȟȐȓȎ ȉȈȑȝ ȨșȚȖȑ.

ǰǴǰǮȅȅ ǯӃǪ ǩҷǸǬҷҷǳȅǽҷǱ Image- ȀȐȕȎ ȚӄȘȝ, ȕȥȘ ȝҸȕȌ ȋȥșȥȕ țȚȋȈȚȈȑ ȈȕȋȓȐ Ҹȋ ȉӄȋӄӄȌ țȓș ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȟ, țȘȓȈȋ țȘȈȕ

șȈȑȝȕȣ ȟ, ȥȌȐȑȕ ȏȈșȈȋ, ȉȐȏȕȍșȐȑȕ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐ ȦȔ. ǰȔȐȎ ȋȥȌȥȋ ҸȋȐȑȋ ȌȖȕȎ, ȕȥȘ ȝҸȕȌ

ȕҸҸȘȐȑȕ ȉțȧȕ ȋȥȌȥȋ ҸȋȥȥȘ ȔȖȕȋȖȓȟțțȌ ȚӄȓӄӄȓҸҸȓȥȕ ȧȘȤȌȈȋ ȉȈȑșȈȕ. ǵȥȘ ȝțȋȈȘȈȝȈȈȘ ȧș

ȝțȋȈȘ, ǽҸȕ ȕȥȘȥȥ ȚȖȋȖș ӄȌӄӄ ȋȥȝ ȔȥȚȟȐȓȥȕ ȕȥȘ ȝҸȕȌȥȥ șȥȊȚȥȝȥȥș ȐȝȥȌ ȉȖȓȋȖȖȔȎȐȓȌȖȋ ȈȘȌ

ȚҸȔȥȕ. ȇȈșȈȕ ȌȖȕȎȚȖȑ ȏȈȓțț Ȋȥ? ǬȖȕȎȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȝȥȓȥȝ ȋȥȎ ȉȐȌ ȉȈș ȧȘȤȞȋȈȈȌȈȋ. ǰȔȐȎ ȉȖȓ

ȚȈȕȣ ȚțȝȈȑ ȚȈȕȤȌ, Ȕӄȕ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ Țӄșӄӄȓӄȓ ȦȔ. ǺȈ ӄӄȘȐȑȋӄӄ ȋȈȌȕȈȈș ȖȘȎ ȐȘȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ

ȝȥȔȥȥȕ ȕҸȌȥȥ ȈȕȐȈȌ ȚӄșӄӄȓȌӄӄ. ǽȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȚӄȘҸҸȕȌ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄȋȌӄȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȌҸȘ ȚӄȘȝ ȉȖȓ

ȚȈȕȤȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚȈȕȣ ȐȔȐȎ. ǺȈ ȝȈȎțțȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȕȥȥșȥȥ ȈșțțȝȈȌ ӄӄȘ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȋ ȝȥȓȎ

ȔȈȋȈȌ. ȅȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȉțșȌȈȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚȈȕȣ ȐȔȐȎ. ǺȈȕȤȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚȈȕȣ ȐȔȐȎ, ȉțșȌȣȕ ȉȖȌȖȓȌ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚӄșӄӄȓȓҸҸȌ Ȑȝ ȝȖȓ ȏӄȘҸҸȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȎ ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǺȈ ȞȈȈȠȌȈȈ ȧȔȈȘ ȐȔȐȎȐȑȋ

ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȥȝȐȑȋ ȝҸșȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȟ șȈȑȕ ȉȖȌȖȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǰȔȐȎ ȕȤ ӄȕӄӄȌӄȘ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ

șȖȕȋțțȓȤȌ ȕȥȘ ȌȥȊȠȐȋȟ țȘȓȈȋȐȑȕ ȖȌ, ȉȐȏȕȍșȔȍȕ ȝҸȕȌ ȉȈȑȝȈȈș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȘ ȏӄȊ

ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȥȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈȚȈȑ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǨȕȋȓȐȑȕ șțȌȓȈȈȟ ȅȓȍȘȐ ǹȍȔȗșȖȕ: “ǺȈȕȣ ȝțȊȐȑȕ ȐȔȐȎ

ȉȖȓ ȚȈȕȣ ȏțȘȈȋ ȦȔ. ǺȈ ȐȔȐȎȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ. ǽҸșșȥȕ ȟ ȝҸșȥȥȋҸȑ ȟ ȉțșȌȈȌ ҸȏҸҸȓȥȝȥȥȘ

ӄӄȘӄӄ șȖȕȋȖȎ ȈȊșȈȕ ȚȥȘ ȓ ȝҸȔҸҸș ȝȈȘȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ” ȋȥȎ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȥ ȝȥȓșȥȕ. ǰȔȐȎ ȕȤ ȝȥȓȉȥȘ

ȈȋțțȓȋȈ ȉҸȝȐȑ ȚȥȔȌȋҸҸȌȐȑȕ ȕȐȑȓȉȥȘ ȠȐȕȎ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ӃӄȘӄӄȘ ȝȥȓȉȥȓ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑ ȐȔȐȎȐȑȕ

Ȉȋțțȓȋȣȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȎ ȉțȑ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȠȐȕȎ ȉțșȈȌ ȝȥȓȉȥȘȐȑȋ șȈȑȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȌȖȋ.


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ǮȐȠȥȥȓȉȥȓ: ǻȓș ȚӄȘȟ ȝҸȕ ȋȥȝȥȥȘ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ӄȔșșӄȕ ȕҸȌȕȐȑ ȠȐȓ ȏҸҸșȥȕ ȝȈȓȏȈȕ ȚȖȓȋȖȑȚȖȑ

ȞҸȕȝ ȉȈȘȤșȈȕ ȝҸȕ ȚӄșӄӄȓȌӄȋ. ȇȘțț ȕȈȑȘȈȋȟ ȝҸȕ ȋȥȝȥȥȘ Ҹșȥȥ țȘȋțțȓșȈȕ șȈȝȈȓ ȚȈȊȤșȈȕ

ҸȕȌȥșȕȐȑ ȠȐȕȎȐȑȋ ȝȈȌȋȈȓșȈȕ ȚȐȑȔ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȋȌȌȈȋ. ǰȔȐȎ ȉȖȓ ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȉțșȌȈȈș

ȧȓȋȈȘȈȝ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǺȈ ȝțȘȌȈȕ Ȗȓȕȣ ȚȈȕȐȓ ȉȖȓȎ, ȉțșȌȣȕ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȓȣȕ ȚӄȊȌ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȎ

ȈȔȤȌȘȈȝȣȋ ȝҸșȊȥȓ ȕȥȋ ȐȔȐȎȌȥȥ Ҹȕȥȕȟ ȉȈȑȎ, ȉțșȌȈȈș ȧȓȋȈȘ. ǺȈȕȣ ȕȥȘȐȑȋ ȥȞȋȐȑȕ ȖȊȖȋȚȖȑ

ȝȈȔȚ ȉțș ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ҸȑȓȌȓȥȥȘ, ȧȘȤȎ ȝȥȓȌȥȋ ҸȋȥȥȘ, ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȌҸȘ ȚӄȘȝӄӄȘ ȟȐȕȤ ȚӄșӄӄȓȊӄȓ

ȐȓҸҸ șȈȑȕ. ǺȈ Ȉȕȝ Ȧț ȝȐȑȎ ҸȑȓȌȥȎ, ȉȈș ȧȘȤȎ ȕȐȑȋȥȔȌ ȚȈȕȐȋȌșȈȕ ȟȐȕȤ ȖȓȖȕ ȕȐȑȚȥȌ ȚȖȌ

ҸȓȌȌȥȋ. ǬȈȘȈȈ ȕȤ ȥȕȥ ȌҸȘȐȑȋ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȝӄȌ ȚȐȑȔ ȈȔȈȘ ȉȐȠ țȟȐȘ ȈȕȝȕȣȝȈȈ șȥȚȋȥȌȓȐȑȋ, ȉȐȑ

ȉȖȓȋȖȝ ȐȔȐȎȌȥȥ ȈȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȟ ȚȈ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȈȘȈȑ.

ǰȔȐȎ ȉȖȓ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȈȕȣ ȠȐȕȎ ȟȈȕȈȘȚȈȑ. ǶȦțȚȕțțȌȣȕ ȌțȕȌ ȖȦțȚȕȣ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈȚ

ȈȎȐȓȓȈȌȈȋ ȐȌȊȥȝȚȥȑ ȕӄȝӄȘ ȎȐȘȐȑȕ ȖȦțȚȈȕ ȝȖȨȘȣȕ ȐȔȐȎ ȖȕȌȖȖ ȉȈȑȝ ȎȐȠȥȥȚȥȑ.

ǲȖȔȉȈȎȐȑȕ ǷȖȓȗȖȚȣȕ ȌȥȋȓȥȔȐȑȕ ҸȍȌ Ҹȑ ȖȓȖȕ șȥȝȥȥȚȕȐȑȋ ȕҸȌȕȐȑ ȠȐȓȚȥȑ șȥȝȥȥȚȥȕ

ȚӄȘȝȚȥȑȕȝ ȕȤ Țӄȓӄӄ ȝȥȓȔȥȋȌҸҸȓșȥȕ. ҷҸȕȐȑȋ “ȐȔȐȎȥȥȘ ȝȥȓȔȥȋȌҸҸȓșȥȕ ȝȥȓȔȥȋȌҸҸȓȥȓȚ” ȋȥȎ

ȝȥȓȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǨȔȍȘȐȒȐȑȕ șțȌȓȈȈȟ ǷȖȓȓȐ ǩȍȘȌ “ǰȔȐȎ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȉțșȈȌ ȝҸȕ ȝҸȓȥȥȕ

ȖȑȓȋȖȎ ȉțȑ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȦȔ ȋȥȥȌ ȥȕȥ ȉȖȓ ȉțșȌȣȕ ȚӄșӄӄȓӄӄȓȌ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȚȈȕȣ ȌҸȘ ȏțȘȈȋ ȦȔ. ȅȕȥ ȕȤ

ȚȈȕȣ ҸȏȥȋȌȥȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ȧȘȐȈ ȝӄӄȘӄӄ ȝțȊȞȈș ȉȈȑȌȈȓ ҸȑȓȌȥȓ Ȕӄȕ ȚҸҸȕȟȓȥȕ ȚȈȕȣ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ

ȈȒșȍșșțȘ ȝҸȘȥȥȓȥȓ ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐ ȏȥȘȋȐȑȋ ȉȈȋȚȈȈȕȈ” ȋȥȎȥȥ. ǬȥȥȘȝȥȥș ȌҸȋȕȥȎ ҸȏȥȝȥȌ ȐȔȐȎ ȕȤ

ȝȥȌ ȝȥȌȥȕ ȏҸȑȓȐȑȕ ȉҸȘȌȥȓ ȉȖȓȖȝ ȕȤ ȈȎȐȋȓȈȋȌȈȎ ȉȈȑȕȈ.

ǽҷǸȅȅǳǳǰǱǵ ǰǴǰǮ

ǺțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ țȕȈȈ, ȉȈȑȘ, ȈȎȓȣȕ ӄȘӄӄ, ȝȈȔȚ ȖȓȖȕ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȉȈȋȚȈȕȈ. ȅȕȥ ȝҸȟȐȕ ȏҸȑȓ ȕȤ ȝțȊȤ

ȝҸȕȐȑ ȚӄȌȐȑȋҸȑ ȝȈȔȚ Ȗȓȕȣ, ȗҸҸș, ȒȖȔȗȈȕȐ, ȈȓȉȈȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȣȕ ȐȔȐȎ ȉȖȓȌȖȋ. ǮȐȠȥȥ ȕȤ

ȚȈȕȈȑ șțȘȋțțȓȤ ȉҸȘ ӄӄȘ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ȐȔȐȎȚȥȑ ȕȥȘ ȝҸȕȌȚȥȑ. ǯȈȘȐȔ șțȘȋțțȓȤ șțȘȋȈȓȚ ȟȈȕȈȘȚȈȑ,

ȓȐȌȍȘҸҸȌȐȑȕ șțȘȋțțȓȤ ȋȥȎ ȐȔȐȎ ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȌȥȋ ȉȖȓ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȕȤ ȖȕȌȖȖ. ǹțȘȋțțȓȐȑȕ ȐȔȐȎȥȥș

ȚȈȕȣ ȐȔȐȎ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ. ǽȈȘȊȈȘȌȣȕ Ȑȝ șțȘȋțțȓȤ ȚӄȋșӄӄȌ ȐȘșȥȕ ȝҸȕȐȑȋ ȉȐȌ ӄӄȘ

ȕҸȌȥȥȘ ȝȈȘȕȈ. ǺȥȘ ȝҸȕ ȟ ȖȕȌȖȖ ȐȔȐȎȐȑȋ ȚҸȋȥȥȕȥ. ǨȎȐȓȌ ȖȘȖȝ ȔȈȋȈȌȓȈȓ ȟ ȧȓȋȈȈȚȈȑ

ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǨȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȟ ȝҸȕȐȑ șțțȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ӄȘӄӄ ȖȜȜȐșȣȕ ȖȘȟȐȕ ȐȔȐȎȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȌȥȋ.

ҷȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈ ȕȤ șȈȑȕ ȧȊȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈ ȌȥȥȘ ȖȟȐȝȖȌ, ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȖȘȟȐȕ șțțȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ

ӄȘӄӄ ȕȤ ȝҸȕȌ șȈȑȝȈȕ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȥȓ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ ȈȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȔțțȋȈȈȘ ȕӄȓӄӄȓȌӄȋ.

ǰȑȔȥȥș ȧȊțțȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ Ҹȑȓ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȋȈȈȚȈȑ ȏȖȝȐȞțțȓȎ ȖȜȜȐșȣȕ ӄȘӄӄ ȉȈȑȘȈȈ ȚȖȝȐȎțțȓȈȝ

ȕȤ ȐȔȐȎȐȑȕ ȝțțȓȤ ȉȖȓȖȖȌ ȉȈȑȕȈ. ǽȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕ ȌȥȥȘ ȈȎȐȓ ȝӄӄȞӄȓȌӄӄȌ ȖȘȖȝȖȌ ӄȘӄӄȋӄӄȘӄӄ


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ȌҸҸȘȥȕ ȕȖȔȚȖȑ ȉȖȓ ȕȖȔȖȕȌ ȌțȘȚȈȑ ȖȦțȕȓȈȋ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓȚȖȑ ȝҸȕ ȋȥșȥȕ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȥȓ ȠțțȌ

ȚӄȘȌӄȋ. ǺȥȘ ȝҸȕ Ȧț șȖȕȐȘȝȌȖȋ ȦțȋȈȈȘ ȉȈȝȈȘȝȈȎ ȥȘȝȥȔȓȥȎ ȧȊȌȈȋȐȑȋ ӄȘӄӄȕȐȑ ȚȈȊȐȓȋȈ

ȌȖȚȖȖȌ ȏȖȝȐȖȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȓȚȣȋ ȝȈȘȈȈȌ ȔȥȌȥȎ ȉȖȓȕȖ.

ǫǨǩǰǺǶǸ ǩǻȆǻ ǫǨǬǨǨǬ ǰǴǰǮ

ǽțȊȞȈșȓȈȓȚ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ҸȏȥȔȎ ȞȈȘȈȑ ȚӄȘȝȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓșȥȕ ȖȑȓȋȖȓȚ. “ǽțȊȞȈș ȉțȘȝȈȕ ȉȐȍ

ȟӄȚȋӄȘ” ȟ ȋȥȎ ȧȘȤȞȋȈȈȌȈȋ. ǴȖȕȋȖȓȟțțȌ ȉȐȌ ȏȐȕȌȈȈȘȝȈȝ ȋȥȎ ȧȘȤȞȋȈȈȌȈȋ. ȅȕȥ ȕȥȋ Ȑȝ ȉțȘțț

ȏҸȑȓ ȉȐȠ. ǩȐȏȕȍșȐȑȕ ȋȥȘȥȥ ȝȐȑȝ ȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȉȖȓ ȕӄȋӄӄ ȚȈȓȈȈșȈȈ ȌțȚȈȝȈȈȘȋҸȑ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȝ

ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ ȉȖȓȕȖ ȠҸҸ Ȍȥȥ. ǩȐȏȕȍș ȝȐȑȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȉȈȧȕ ȝҸȕ, ȥȘȋȥȥȌ ȝȥȘȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȝ

ȐȘȥȥȌҸȑȚȥȑ ȝҸȕ ȋȥșȥȕ șȥȚȋȥȋȌȓȐȑȋ ȚӄȘҸҸȓȥȝ ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑ. ǫȖȖ șȈȑȝȕȣ ȉȈȘȈȈ șțȘȚȈȓȟȐȓȎ

ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȕҸҸȘȥȕȌȥȥ ȉȈȚȋȈȚȈȑ, Ҹșȥȥ ȈȧȚȈȑȝȈȕ ȏȈșțțȓȈȈȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȉҸȚȥȥȋȌȥȝҸҸȕȐȑȋ ȝȥȕ ȟ

ȈȊȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȐȏ Ȍȥȥ. ǿȈȕȈȘȚȈȑ ȒȖșȚȦȔ ȏȈȘȌȈȋ ȝҸȕ ӄӄȘӄӄ ȟȈȕȈȘȚȈȑȋ ȕȤ ӄȔșӄȝ ȨșȚȖȑ. ȅȕȌ ȉȐ

ȋȖȨ ȋȈȕȋȈȕ ȝțȊȞȈș ӄȔș ȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ ȉȐȠ, ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȚȖȝȐȘșȖȕ ȞȈȋ Ҹȍȥ ȔȥȌȥȘȟ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȝ

ȝȥȘȥȋȚȥȑȋ ȝȥȓȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȦȔ. ǽțȊȞșȈȈ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ ӄȔșӄȝ ȝҸȘȚȥȓ ȔȈȠ ȕȈȘȐȑȕ șȖȨȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǨȓȉȈȕ ȝȥȘȋȐȑȕ ȝțȊȞȈș, ȋȖȨȓȣȕ, ȨșȓȖȓȣȕ, Ȑȝ ҸȌȐȑȕ ȨșȓȖȓȣȕ, ȖȘȖȑȕ ȨșȓȖȓȣȕ șȗȖȘȚȣȕ

ȋȥȥȌ ȖȓȖȕ ȧȕȏȣȕ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȓȚ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ǽțȊȞȈșȓȈȓȚ ȉȖȓ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȌȥȊ ȕȐȑȋȥȔȌ

ȥȏȓȥȝ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȐȑȋ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȝȖȖș ȋȈȌȕȈ ȔȥȌȓȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓ, șȖȨȓ ȉȖȓȎ ȉțȑ Ҹȑȓ ȧȊȞȈȌ

ȝȥȘ Ȉȟ ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌȖȓ ӄȋȟ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȝȈȘțțȓȌȈȋ..

ӃӄȘȐȑȕ ӄȊӄȘȔӄȞ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ ȚӄȘȝ, ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȓȚȈȈȘȈȈ ȝҸȕ ȚӄȘӄȓȝȚȕȐȑ ȚҸҸȝȐȑȕ ȈȓȚȈȕ ȝțțȌșȈȕȌ

ȔӄȕȝӄȘșӄȕ ȖȓȖȕ ȝҸȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ. ȅȕȥ ȝҸȟȐȕ ȏҸȑȓȌ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȝțȊȞȈșȓȈȓȚ ȉȐȠ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȞȈȘȈȑ

ȚӄȘȝ, ȈȘȤșȈȈ ȈȘȟȓȈȝ Ҹșȥȥ ȏȈșțțȓȈȝ, ȝțȊȞȈșȈȈ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȈȕ ӄȔșӄȝ, ȥȥȔȥȋ ȉӄȋȎ, ȞȈȋ, Țȥȓȥȥ

ȋȥȥȌ ȉҸȋȌ ȓ ȖȘȕȖ. ȅȕȥ ȉҸȋȌȐȑȋ ȚȖȝȐȘțțȓȎ ȌȖȕȎȐȑȋ ȕȤ ȖȓȎ Ȗȓȕȣ șȈȕȈȈȕȌ ȚȖȌ ҸȓȌȥȕȥ

ȋȥȌȥȋ ȉȖȓ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȔȥȌȓȥȋ ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓ, ȔȥȌȘȥȔȎȥȥș ȕȥȓȥȥȌ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȓȕȈ. ǴȖȕȋȖȓȣȕ

ȝȥșȥȋ ȉȐȏȕȍșȔȍȕ Ƕǽǻ-ȣȕ ȝțȌȈȓȌȈȈȟȐȌȚȈȑ ȋȥȘȥȥ ȝȐȑȝȌȥȥ ȋȈȘ ȝțȘțțȕȌȈȈ ȈȓȔȈȏȈȕ

ȠȐȋȚȋȥȥȚȥȑ ȈȓȚȈȕ ȉӄȋȎ ȏҸҸșȕȥȥș ȋȥȘȥȥȋ ȉҸȚȥȓȋҸȑ ȉȖȓȋȖȎȥȥ. ǻȟȐȘ ȕȤ Ƕǽǻ-Ȍ ȔȈȜȐȑȕ

ȋȐȠҸҸȌ ȓ ȚȖȔ ҸȕȥȚ ȟțȓțțȕ ȠȐȋȚȋȥȥȚȥȑ ȉӄȋȎ ȏҸҸȌȋȐȑȋ ȔȥȌȥȥȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȎȥȥ. ǰȔȐȎȥȥ ȏӄȊ

ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȕȥ ȋȥȌȥȋ ȚȐȑȔ ȟ ȈȔȈȘ ȉȐȠ. ǨȔȎȐȓȚȣȕ ӄӄȌ ȚȥȔҸҸȓȥȕ ȧȊȈȈ ȈȎȐȓ ȝȥȘȥȋȟ ȚȈ ȋȈȌȈȈȌ

ȚӄȘȝ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌȈȈ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȝ ȝȈȘȐȓȞȈȋȟȈȈ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȝ ӄӄȘȚӄӄ ȚȈȚȈȝ ȕȥȋ ȈȘȋȈ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.


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ǪǭǸǩǨǳ ǰǴǰǮ

ǾȥȋȞȚȥȑ șȥȚȋȥȎ, ȞȥȋȞȚȥȑ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ ȟȈȌȊȈȘ ȉȖȓ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝȈȔȋȐȑȕ ȚȖȔ ȟȈȌȊȈȘțțȌȣȕ ȕȥȋ.

ǫȖȨ ȌȥȋȎȐȕ ȝțȊȞȈșȈȓȟȐȝȈȈȌ Ȗȓȕȣ ӄȔȕӄ ȚȈȊȈȕ Ҹȋ ȥȊȓҸҸȓȥȥȌ ȝȥȓȎ ȟȈȌȈȝȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȊȈȓ ȝȥȕ

ȝȥȕȐȑȋȥȥ ȓ ȥȊȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘțțȓȕȈ. ҷȕȥȕȌȥȥ țȘȈȕ ȧȘȤșȈȕ ȉҸȝȕȐȑȋ țȝȈȈȕȚȈȑ ȋȥȎ ȖȑȓȋȖȎ

ȉȖȓȖȝȋҸȑ. ǫȥȝȌȥȥ “țȘȈȕ ҸȋȥȕȌ țȝȈȈȕ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȐȈ ȚȈȊȤȎ ӄȋȟ ȉȈȑȕȈ” ȟ ȋȥȎ ȏȈȘȐȔ ȕȥȋ ȕȤ

ȧȘȐȝ ȉȖȓȓȖȖ. ȅȞșȐȑȕ ȥȞȥșȚ ȕȥȘȌ ȋȈȘȟ ȈȓȌȈȘȠșȈȕȣ ȠȈȓȚȋȈȈȕ ȕȤ ȚȥȌ ȖȓȖȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȖȦțȕ

țȝȈȈȕȣȋ țȘȈȕ ȧȘțț ȧȘȐȈȋȈȈȘ ȉȈȑȓȌȈȕ ȌȈȋțțȓȎ ȟȈȌșȈȕȌ ȓ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ.

ǲǰǵǭǺǰǲ ǰǴǰǮ

ǽҸȕȐȑ ȈȓȝȈȈ ȋȐȠȋȥȥ, ȏȖȋșȖȓȚ, ȋȈȘȣȕ ȉȈȑȘȓȈȓ, ȕҸҸȘȕȐȑ ȝțȊȐȘȈȓ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȕȤ ȥȕȥ ȚӄȘȓȐȑȕ

ȐȔȐȎȐȑȋ ȉҸȘȌҸҸȓȥȝȥȌ ȈȕȝȈȈȘȈȋȌȈȕȈ. ǩȈȑȕȋȈ ȝȈȔȚ ȉȈȑȌȈȋ ȝҸȕȐȑȝȥȥ ȐȘȥȝȐȑȋ ȝȈȈȓȋȈȕȣ

ȞȈȈȕȈȈș ȉȐȌ ȚȈȕȤȟȐȝȌȈȋ. ǽҸȕȐȑ ȈȓȝȈȝ ȋȐȠȋȥȝ ȕȤ țȌȐȘȌȓȈȋȈȌ ȚȥȘ ȉҸȘ ȖȘȌȖȋȋҸȑ ӄȊӄȘȔӄȞ

ȠȐȕȎȚȥȑ ȉȖȓ ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕ ȉҸȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȝȈȈ ȋȐȠȋȥȥ ȕȤ ȝȥȔȕȥȓ,ȝțȘȌ, ȋȈȌȈȘȋțțȌ ȌȈȘȈȝ ȌȈȘȈȓȚ,

țȧȕ ȝȈȚȈȕ ȠȐȕȎ, ȟȐȋȓȥȓ, ӄӄȘȟȓӄȓȚ, ȈȓȝȔȣȕ țȘȚ ȏȥȘȋȥȥȘ ȚȖȌȖȘȝȖȑȓȖȋȌȖȕȖ. ǩȐȍȐȑȕ ӄȕȌӄȘ

ȉȖȓȖȕ ȈȓȝȔȣȕ țȘȚ ȝȖȖȘȖȕȌȣȕ ȝȥȊȐȑȕ ȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐ ȉțȦț ȝȈȘȤȞȈȈ ȈȓȌȈȋȌșȈȕ ȠȐȕȎȚȥȑ ȈȓȝȈȈ

ȋȐȠȋȥȥ ȕȤ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȏȈȕ ȚӄȓӄȊ, ӄȊӄȘȔӄȞ ȠȐȕȎ, șȥȚȋȥȓȐȑȕ ȝӄȌӄȓȋӄӄȕȐȑ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ

ȝȈȕȋȈȓȚȚȈȑ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȥȓ ӄȋȕӄ ȋȥȎ ȖȘȖșȣȕ ȥȘȌȥȔȚȥȌ ҸȏȎȥȥ. ǵȈȔȝȈȕ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȍȘ ȉțșȣȕ ȚȖȔ

ȈȓȝȈȈ ȕȤ ȥȘȟȐȔȚȥȑ, ȝțȘȌȚȈȑ, ȧȈȘșȈȕ, ȏȖȘȐȓȋȖȌȖȖ ȝțȘȌȈȕ ȝҸȘȥȝȐȑȋ ȚȥȔҸҸȓșȥȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȚȈȑ,

ȝȈȘȐȕ ӄȕȌӄȘ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȎȐȎȐȋ ȈȓȝȈȈ ȕȤ ȧȈȘȈȔȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȝȥȕ ȕȥȋȥȕȚȥȑ țțȓȏȈȝ țțȓȏȈȓȚȈȈ

ȝȖȑȠȓțțȓȈȝ ȝҸșȥȓȚȥȑ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȕȥ. ǯȖȊȎ ȠȈȕȈȓȎ, țȑȚȋȈȘ ȋțȕȐȋȚ ȈȊȚșȈȕ ȝҸȕ ȋȈȘȈȈ

ȐȝȥȊȟȓȥȕ ȝȈȓȈȈșȈȕȌȈȈ ȝȐȑȕ, ȚȖȓȋȖȑ ȋțȌȈȑȓȋȈȕ ȋȈȏȈȘ ȠȐȘȚȥȝ ȉțȦț ȝȈȧȈȝȈȕ ȚȖȓȋȖȑȋȖȖ

ӄȘȋӄȕ ȝȈȈȠ ȧȊȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈȋȈȈ ȝȈȘȕȈ.


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ǺӃǸǰǱǵ ǨǳǩǨǵ ǽǨǨǫǿǰǱǵ ǚǹ ǯҷǱ

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȋ ȥȘȝȥȓȎ, ȉҸȘȥȕ ȥȘȝȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓșȕȐȑ Țӄȓӄӄ ȚӄȘӄӄș ȞȈȓȐȕ

ȝӄȓș ȈȊȟ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȝ ȕӄȝȞӄȓ, ȉȈȚȈȓȋȈȈȋȈȈȘ ȝȈȕȋȈȋȌȈȕ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȎ ȉȈȑȋȈȈ ȥȚȋȥȥȌȐȑȋ

ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟ ȋȥȕȥ.

¾ ǴȖȕȋȖȓǻȓșȣȕ ҷȕȌșȥȕ ȝțțȓȤ, ȉțșȈȌ ȝțțȓȐȑȋ ȝҸȕȌȥȚȋȥȎ, șȈȝȐȕ ȉȐȍȓҸҸȓȥȝ, ӄȘȋӄșӄȕ

ȚȈȕȋȈȘȈȋȚȈȈ Ҹȕȥȕȟ ȉȈȑȝ, ȥȝ ȖȘȖȕ, ȈȘȌ ȚҸȔȕȐȑȝȥȥ Țțșȣȕ ȚțȓȌ ȐȘȋȥȕȐȑ ȨșȖȖȘ ȚӄȘȐȑȕ

ȈȠȐȋ șȖȕȐȘȝȖȓȌ ȏȈȝȐȘȈȋȌȈȕ ӄӄȘȚ ȖȓȋȖȋȌșȖȕ ȉҸȘȥȕ ȥȘȝȐȑȕ ȝҸȘȥȥȕȌ ȈȎȐȓȓȈȝ

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕȣ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟȐȑȕ Ȩș ȏҸȑȕ ȝȥȔ ȝȥȔȎȥȥ, ȚӄȘȐȑȕ

ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȣȕ șȖȨȓ, Ȍȥȋ ȎțȘȔȣȋ șȈȝȐȎ, ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈ, ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟȐȑȕ ȕȥȘ

ȝҸȕȌȐȑȋ ȥȘȝȥȔȓȥȕ ȌȥȥȌȓȥȝ,

¾ ǨȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȕ ȉҸȘȥȕ ȥȘȝȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȥȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȗȓȈȋȈȌ ȕȐȑȞҸҸȓȥȕ ȔȥȘȋȥȠȓȥȥ

ȌȥȥȠȓҸҸȓȥȝ

¾ ǨȓȉȈȕ ҸҸȘȋȥȥ ȋҸȑȞȥȚȋȥȎ ȉȈȑȝȌȈȈ ȉȖȓȖȕ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȋ ȥȘȝȥȓȝȥȥ

ȏȖȋșȖȖșȕȖȖș ȝȖȑȠȝȐ ȝțȋȈȞȈȈȕȌ ȚӄȘ, ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈ, ȝțȊȤ ȝҸȕȐȑ ȝțțȓȐȈȘȈȈ

ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȋȌșȈȕ ȕțțȞȣȋ ȟȈȕȌȓȈȕ ȝȈȔȋȈȈȓȈȝ

¾ ǨȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȕ ȉҸȘȥȕ ȥȘȝȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȥȝȌȥȥ țȓș ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȐȊȈȈ ȕӄȓӄӄȓӄȌ

ȈȊȚȈȝȋҸȑ ȚӄȊȐȑȋ șȈȝȐȝ, ȝȥȊȓȥȓ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȕ ȝȥȘȥȋșȓȥȥȘ ȚӄȘ, ȏȈșȋȐȑȕ ȉȖȌȓȖȋȖȚȖȑ

ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌșȖȕ ȈșțțȌȓȈȈȘ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ Ȩșȕȣ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ

¾ ǨȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȚȕȣ ȝțțȓȤ ȉțș, ȠțȌȈȘȋȈ ȉțș ȧȊȌȈȓȚȈȑ ȥȊȓȥȘȥȠȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȌ ȚȖȔȐȓȖȋȌȔȖȋȞ ӄӄȘȐȑȕ ӄȔȟȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȓȣȕ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȔȥȌȥȋȌȥȎ,

ӄȔȟȐȑȕ ȉȈȑȌȈȓȌ ȖȘșȖȕ ӄӄȘȟȓӄȓȚ ȖȘȓȖȋȣȕ ȚȈȓȈȈȘ ȏȖȝȐȝ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȓȈȋȈȌ ȔȥȌȥȥ ӄȋȟ

ȉȈȑȝ

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȌ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȍȘӄȕȝȐȑ ȠȈȈȘȌȓȈȋȈ ȕȤ ȝțțȓȤȌ ӄӄȘӄӄȘ ȏȈȈȋȈȈȋҸȑ ȉȖȓ

ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȋ ȥȘȝȓȥȝ ȔȥȌȓȥȋ, ȉȖȓȖȊșȘȖȓ, ȚțȘȠȓȈȋȈ, țȘ ȟȈȌȊȈȘȚȈȑ,

ȔȥȘȋȥȠșȥȕ ȉȈȑȝ ȧȊȌȈȓ ȦȔ;

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȚțȝȈȑȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȌ ȚȈȊȐȝ ȠȈȈȘȌȗȈȋȣȋ ȝȈȕȋȈșȈȕ ȐȘȋȥȕȐȑ ȚӄȘȐȑȕ

ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓ ȥȘȝȓȥȝ ȥȘȝȐȑȋ ҸȕȌȥș, țȋșȈȈ, ȈȘȤșȕȣ ӄȕȋӄ, ȝҸȑș, ȕȐȑȋȔȐȑȕ

ȋȈȘȈȓ, ȉȈȑȌȈȓ, ȝӄȘӄȕȋӄ ȟȐȕȥȥ, ȥȘȝȥȓșȥȕ ȈȎȐȓ, ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓ, ȠȈȠȐȕ ȠҸȚȓȥȋ, Ҹȏȥȓ

ȉȖȌȖȓ, ȕȈȔ, ȖȓȖȕ ȕȐȑȚȐȑȕ ȉțșȈȌ ȉȈȑȋțțȓȈȋȣȕ ȝȈȘȢȈȓȈȓ ȏȥȘȋȥȥȘ ȧȓȋȈȊȈȘȓȈȎ Ҹȓ

ȉȖȓȕȖ;

¾ ǺӄȘȐȑȕ ȎȐȕȝȥȕȥ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȝȈȈȋȟ ȕȤ ȝȈȘȢȧȈ ȌȥȥȌ ȠȈȚȕȣ ȈȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȚȕȣ ȝțțȓȤȌ

ȕȐȑȞșȥȕ ȠȐȑȌȊȥȘȐȑȋ ȉȐȍȓҸҸȓȥȝ,


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¾ ǨȓȉȈȕ ȚțȠȈȈȓȣȕ ȉҸȘȥȕ ȥȘȝȥȥ ȝȥȘȥȋȎҸҸȓȥȝȌȥȥ țȓș ȚӄȘȐȑȕ ȈȓȐȊȈȈ ȕӄȓӄӄȓӄȓȌ

ȈȊȚȈȝȋҸȑ ȚӄȊȐȑȋ șȈȝȐȝ, ȝȥȊȓȥȓ ȔȥȌȥȥȓȓȐȑȕ ȝȥȘȥȋșȓȥȥȘ ȚӄȘ, ȏȈșȋȐȑȕ ȉȖȌȓȖȋȖȚȖȑ

ȝȖȓȉȖȋȌșȖȕ ȈșțțȌȓȈȈȘ ȏӄȊȝӄȕ ȈȓȉȈȕ Ȩșȕȣ ȉȈȑȘ șțțȘȐȑȋ ȐȓȥȘȝȐȑȓȥȝ, ȈȓȉȈȕ

ȚțȠȈȈȓȚȕȣ ȝțțȓȤ ȉțș, ȠțȌȈȘȋȈ ȉțș ȧȊȌȈȓȚȈȑ ȥȊȓȥȘȥȠȋҸȑ ȉȈȑȝ ȏȥȘȥȋ ȕȐȑȚȓȥȋ ҸҸȘȥȋ

ȝҸȓȥȥȕȥ.


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ǹȅǬȅǪǺȅǱ ǽǶǳǩǶǶǺǶǱ ǬȅǳǫȅǸҷҷǳȅǽ ǵǶǴ ǯҷǱǵ ǮǨǫǹǨǨǳǺ ǫǨǬǨǨǬ ǽȅǳ ǬȅȅǸǽ ǵǶǴǵǻǻǬ

ǨȕȌȘȍȍȊȈ ǫ.Ǵ ǹȖȞȐȈȓȕȈȧ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȧ Ǵ., 1988

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Web site

www.communication psychology.com

www.about psychology.com /communication psychology/

www.olloo.mn /setgel zui/


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