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Proteins…Proteins…
►Let’s Review…… then…..Let’s Review…… then…..►Let’s discover proteins….Let’s discover proteins….►PollEv.com/tinalambiase209PollEv.com/tinalambiase209
Functions of Proteins …Functions of Proteins …
► Enzymes – reduces activation energyEnzymes – reduces activation energy Ex: amylase – helps to digest amyloseEx: amylase – helps to digest amylose ATP synthase – helps to make ATPATP synthase – helps to make ATP
Structural Proteins – provide supportStructural Proteins – provide support
ex: elastin, horn, silk (web), keratin (hair & ex: elastin, horn, silk (web), keratin (hair & nails)nails)
Movement – actin and myosin musclesMovement – actin and myosin muscles
Defense – antibodies in bloodstreamDefense – antibodies in bloodstream
Storage – albumin in egg whitesStorage – albumin in egg whites
Signaling – growth hormones in bloodstreamSignaling – growth hormones in bloodstream
What do you think is happening What do you think is happening to the proteins within these to the proteins within these
eggs????eggs????►!!
ProteinsProteins
►C, H, O, N and sometimes SC, H, O, N and sometimes S►Made in ribosomesMade in ribosomes►Cell membranesCell membranes►Hormones (insulin)Hormones (insulin)►HemoglobinHemoglobin►Enzymes (control the rate of Enzymes (control the rate of
reactions)reactions)
Building Blocks of Building Blocks of ProteinsProteins
Amino AcidsAmino Acids►Amino Amino
Group –NHGroup –NH22
►Carboxyl Carboxyl group –group –COOHCOOH
►Variable Variable group –Rgroup –R
Dehydration Synthesis ofDehydration Synthesis ofProteinsProteins
►Removal of a water molecule from Removal of a water molecule from amino acids to make proteins.amino acids to make proteins. DipeptideDipeptide – two amino acids together – two amino acids together TripeptideTripeptide – three amino acids – three amino acids
togethertogether PolypeptidePolypeptide – more than three amino – more than three amino
acids together acids together
All linked together with All linked together with ““Peptide Peptide BondsBonds””
Dehydration Synthesis ofDehydration Synthesis ofProteinsProteins
► Amino Acid + Amino Acid -- Dipeptide + Amino Acid + Amino Acid -- Dipeptide + WaterWater
Removing the water Removing the water moleculemolecule
►Producing a peptide bondProducing a peptide bond
Dehydration Synthesis of Dehydration Synthesis of ProteinsProteins
DipeptideDipeptide►Locate your peptide Locate your peptide bond!!!bond!!!
Can you draw a peptide Can you draw a peptide bond?bond?
►Which two functional Which two functional groups join to make the groups join to make the peptide bond???peptide bond???
How do we break proteins How do we break proteins down??down??
HYDROLYSISHYDROLYSIS
►Add the water molecule back Add the water molecule back in to replace the peptide bondin to replace the peptide bond
►Put the amino acids back to Put the amino acids back to the way they were!!!the way they were!!!
►Each amino acid must have an Each amino acid must have an amino group –NHamino group –NH22 and a and a carboxyl group --COOHcarboxyl group --COOH
HydrolysisHydrolysis►Dipeptide + water = amino acid + Dipeptide + water = amino acid +
amino acidamino acid
►Tripeptide + 2 water molecules = Tripeptide + 2 water molecules = amino acid + amino acid + amino amino acid + amino acid + amino acidacid
►NOW YOU TRY……NOW YOU TRY……
Hydrolysis of ProteinsHydrolysis of Proteins
Hydrolysis is the Hydrolysis is the OPPOSITEOPPOSITE
of dehydration synthesisof dehydration synthesis►What reaction is this?What reaction is this?►Can you locate the peptide Can you locate the peptide
bond?bond?