3 . 1 x .

1 2 3 ,212

, .123 z

2.3.1

2.3.2k 2.3.2

2.3.3

3 . 2.3.4x=0 2.3.5

. 2. .

.

2.3.6 . 2.3.7 2.3.8. 2.3.8 .

.1 .

.

...

1.3.21.3.5

1.

. . ,

.

.1

.2.3.8 . .

3. . 2.3.9

.

2.3.20 . .

2 .

2.3.9 . 1)

2)

2.3.11

1. .

(b=n )b

4. 2.3.5.

2.3.12

2.3.13z2.3.12

2.3.13 2.3.14

2.3.13

2.3.15

cos(x+iy)=cosxcosiy sinxsiniysin(x+iy)=sinxcosiy + cosxsiniy

ziy 2.3.13

2.3.16

2.3.17coszsinz

2.3.16y 1sinz cosz

sinzcosz.coszsinz

.zx chzshz Chzshz

2.3.18 chiy=cosy, shiy=isiny 2.3.19

2.3.20

5. z=cos , z =Arccpsz.z=cos =

Arccosz=-iLn(z+ ).Arccoszcos :

.