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y`ÿkd.;af;d;a Tn - ud...
foaYmd,k wd.ukhg Èk y;,syla jqj;a udf.a Y+r
yuqod Èúhg jir y;,syls¡ tu ld, iSudfõ ud l<
ymkalï j,ska ì`ols fï¡
3
4
fus f;dr;=re fy,slrk ud hqoaOh
iusnkaOj yd fjk;a ud;Dld mokus
lrf.k jsjsO lD;Ska Tn fj; f.k
wd idys;Hlrejl= jqjo” fujr ksrAkdus-
lj Tn fj; lreKq fy,s lsrSug is-
jQfha fkdje,elajsh yels jd;djrKhla
hgf;ah’ wm rg ch .;a fus uyd igkg
kdhl;ajh ÿka foaYmd,k fukau
yuqod kdhlhkaf.a we;=,dka;h wvx.= \chudjf;a kshuqfjda\ kus lD;sh t<soelajSu
ioyd ud jsiska l,l isgu f;dr;=re /
ialrk ,oS’ foaYmd,k kdhlhska .ek
fndfyda lreKq rgjeishd fus jk jsg;a
fydoska okakd w;r” wΩ;ska fidhd.ekSug
yelsjqfha Tjqka hqo nsfus l%shdldrlus
j,g wod,j .kq ,enq jeo.;a fukau
;du;a rdcH ryia f,i mj;sk jsfYaIs;
;SrK iusnkaOjh’ tfy;a yuqod kdhl-
hska .ek fijSfusoS ud oek.;a fndfyda
wm%lg lreKq jsYauh okjk iqΩh’
ksoyia Y%S ,xldfjs jrska jr jsjsO
foaYmd,k u; fmroers fldgf.k rfgs
kdhl;ajh ioyd jsjsO mqoa.,fhda ;r.
l,y’ ta igka j, ch.%dys kdhlhska
ishΩfokdu foaYmd,kfha fndfyda
m,mqreoq w;aoelSus nyq, mrsK; jq
kdhlfhdah’ fujr ckdOsm;sjrK igk
fmrg jvd fjkia jkafka ckdOsm;s uyskao
rdcmCI ue;s;=udg wNsfhda.hla bosrsm;a
lsrSug yels jsmCI tl;=fjka bosrsm;a
lr we;s ckdOsm;s Oqr wfmaCIlhd” hqO
ch.%yKfhaos hqO yuqodm;s jq jsY%dusl
fckrd,a ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d jSuhs’ Tyq yuqod fiajfha mrsk; jqfjla jqjo
foaYmd,khg kqyqre kqmqreoq wdOqkslfhl=
jsu iqjsfYaIS isoaOshls’
70 oYlfha uqΩ f,dju wdkafoda,khg
,la l, yuqod wd{dodhlfhl= jq W.kavd
ckdOsm;s *S,avs udrAI,a bvS wuSka .ek
5
,smshla miq.sh osk brsod mqj;am;l m<
jsh’ th lshjSfuka wk;=rej fuf;la
ksoyia m%cd;ka;%jdos rgla jYfhka
mej;=k wm rgo W.kavdj fuka f,a js,la
fjs hehs pls;hla ud isf;ys we;s jqfha Tn
fkdokakd” ud jsiska fidhd .;a iuyr
lreKq tjka ;;ajhlg b;d iuSm yd
iudk;d we;s nejsks’
uka;%sjrfhl=” weu;sjrfhl=” jsmCI
kdhljrfhl=” w.ue;sjrfhl= yd
jsOdhl ckdOsm;sjrfhl= jYfhka
rgu oek yoqkk uyskao rdcmCI
ckdOsm;s;=udf.a we;=,dka;h fydo fyda
krl fus jk jsg fkdokakd flfkl=
furg isgsh fkdyel’ Tyqf.a oqrAj,lus” wvqmdvq ud jsiskau rg jeishkag jsgska jsg
fy,s lr we;’ ud fus ,smsfhka fy<sorõ
lrk ;s;a; tfy;a we;a; lreKq ms<snoj
TSkEu flfkl= yg wNsfhda. l< yels
w;r” jevs wmyiq;djhla fkdue;sj iqΩ
W;aidyhlska” jsurAYKhlska miq i;H
nj wjfndaO lr .; yelsh’ fuys ioyka
lrk ish,qu mqoa.,hska ;du;a cSj;=ka
w;r isgsk w;r” fldgila ;du;a hqO
yuqod fiajfha fhoS we;' ckdOsm;sjrKhg
Pkaoh oSu flfia fj;;a ta .ek l:d
ny lsrSug;a fmr fus lreKq Tn fydoska
wjOdrKh lr.; hq;af;a foaYmd,k
mCI fNaohlska f;drj kshu foaY ysff;Is
mqrjeishka f,isks’
udf.a .fjsYKfhaos hqO msgsfha kdhl;ajh
oqka m%OdkSka ish,a,kaf.au wm%lg f;dr;=re
fidhd.;a;o” ta w;rska udf.a \chudjf;a
kshuqfjda\ lD;sfhys wvx.= jkafka f;dard
fnsrd .;a fldgila muKs’ Bg fya;=j
tu.ska Tjqkaf.a jSr prs; j,g wys;lr
n,mEus isoqjsh yels nejsks’ thsksoq fï
,smshg wod, jkafka ckdOsm;sjrKhg
6
bosrsm;a jk m%Odk wfmaCIlfhl=
jk jsY%dusl yuqodm;s fckrd,a ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d ms<sno fuf;la wm%lgj
;snq” ud jsiska .fjsYKfhaos t<sorjs lr
.;a i;H jq lreKq muKs’ fï lreKq
idudkH idys;H lD;shl wvx.= lsrSug
;rus fkdjq iSudj blau jq lreKq jqjo
rfgs kdhl;ajh ioyd ;r. josk
mqoa.,fhl= .ek ck;dj fydoska oek.;
hq;= nejska” wlue;af;ka jqjo fy,s lsrSug
isoqj we;’
úkh
1970 oS YSIHNg ks<Odrsfhl= f,i ks,
wxl 0$50536 hgf;a hqo yuqodjg neoqKq
cS’tia’iS’ f*dkafiald uy;d fojk ,q;skka
flfkl= f,i mqyqKqj ksulf<a ;ud iu.
neoqKq oyih fofkl=f.ka hq;a lKavdhfus
wka;suhd f,ih’ Tyqf.a ,l=Kq m%udKh
wkqj Tyqg ysusjqfha isxy frcsfuska;=jh’ ;reK jhfia isgu nSu;alug wensneys
jS isgs fudyq ks;ru nsu;aj wvonr we;s
lr.ekSu ksid fndfyda wjia:dj, Wiia
ks<OdrSkaf.a Woyig ,lajS ;snqKS’ fydoska
nSu;a jq jsg lskus fyda ia;%Shlf.a myi
wjYH jq ir;a f*dkafiald ;reK ,q;skka
jrhd oskm;du osh;,dj” nKavdrfj,
msysgs .Ksld ksjdi j,g hdug wensneys
jqfjls’ fus fya;=j ksidu Wiia ks<OdrSka
jsiska Tyq l|jqrg iSud lsrSfus ovqjula
mekjSh’
1975 foieusnrA 25 jk osk osh;,dj
l|jqr ;=< fydogu nSu;a jQ ,q;skka
ir;a f*dkafiald l|jqfrka neyer hdug
fkdyels fyhska” ;u wdYdjka bgqlr.
ekSug l|jqr ;=, msysgs” tjlg lrAk,a
.euqKq l=,;=x. uy;df.a ^miqj fuscrA
fckrd,a& ksjig we;=,a jS tys fiajsldj
7
jk Okj;S kus .eyeKq <uhd oqIKh
lrk ,os’ Okj;S jsiska fuh fy,slsrSfuka
miqj ,q;skka f*dkafiald hqO wOslrKh
fj; f.k tk ,os’ tysos jro ms<s.;a Tyqg
tu hqO wOslrKh fufyh jq lrAk,a
isrs,a rK;=x. jsiska ^miqj fckrd,a&
Tyq jrolre lr ovqjus kshu lrk ,os’ fus ,shlshjs,s hqO yuqod uq,ia:dkfha
iqrCIs;j we;’ isjs,a kS;sh hgf;a fuh
isr ovqjus ,ensh hq;= nrm;, jrola
jqjo yuqod ks<OdrSkaf.a kusnqj wdrCId
lsrSu msKsi j. lsj hq;a;ka jsiska fuu
;reKshg jq wmrdOh isjs,a kS;sfhka jix
lf<ah’
hqO wOslrKhlska ovqjï ,enq fiajd
mqoa.,fhl=g bka u;=jg ksle<,a prs;hla
we;af;ahehs lsisoskl ioyka l< fkdyel’ fï fya;=j ksidu ysgmq hqO yuqodm;sjreka
jsiska ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d fj; jir
15 l ksle<,a fiajhla fjkqfjka m%Odkh
flfrk \W;a;u fiajd molalu\ m%Odkh
ioyd ksrAfoaY fkdflrsKs’ Tyq ;j;a
jir 22 lg miq hqO yuqodm;s f,i m;ajq
jsg Tyqf.a mqoa.,sl ,smsf.dkqfjka ;u
ovqjus ,shlshjs,s bj;a lr” 2007 jifrA
Tyq jsiskau fr.=,dis j,g mgyeksj Tyq
fjkqfjka \W;a;u fiajd molalu\ ksrAfoaY
lr.kakd ,os’
jsYsIaG fiajd jsN+IKh\ msrskukafka
b;d jsYsIaG jir 25 l fiajd ld,hla
we;s ks<Odrskag muKs’ Tyq fus molalu
ioyd fudku whqrlskaj;a iqoqiq fkdjqjo
2008 jifrAos fuu molalu m%Odkh
ioyd iuia: hqO yuqodfjkau Tyqf.a
ku muKla ksrAfoaY lr.;af;ah’ kdjsl yd .=jka yuqodj, wfkl=;a iqoqiq
fcAHIaG ks<Odrska fndfyda fofkl=g fuu
jsN+IKh ,ndoS Tjqkaf.a ksle<,a fiajhg
8
f.!rj l,o ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d” fus
ioyd kqiqoqiqu mqoa.,hd jk ;ud muKla
ksrAfoaY lruska uqΩ uy;a hqO yuqodju
iudch bosrsfha mdjd oqkafkah’
\jvudrpsps ix.%du molalu\ m%odkh
flrefKa l%shdldrs f,i jvudrpsps
igfka ksr; jq fiajd mqoa.,hskag muKs’ tfy;a tjlg fld<U iy jsfoaY.;j isgs
ir;a f*dkafiald jvudrpsps molaluo
wkjirfhka me<of.k isgs nejska” tjlg
taldnoaO l%shdkajs; wKfok ks<Odrs
f,i lghq;= l, fckrd,a isrs,a rK;=x.
uy;df.a Woyig ,lajS isgsfhah’ ia;%s
oqIKh ioyd ir;a f*dkafiald uy;dg
ovqjus oqkafkao fckrd,a isrs,a rK;=x.
uy;duh’
by; molalus ;=ku fudyq me<oqjo” tajd Tyqg ysus ke;s molalush’ ysus ke;s
molalus me<o” fy,sorjs jq miq” weursldkq
kdjsl yuqodm;sjrfhla uE; b;sydifha
;u ysig fjvs ;ndf.k ish osjs ydks
lr.;af;a” tu jrfoys nrm;, lu
ksiduh’ fufia wysus molalus me<oSu
fukau ia;%s ¥IKho bvS wuSkaf.a iqmqreoq
l%shdjkah’
;reK jhfia ir;a f*dkafiald
m%isoaOshla bis,qfjs ks<Odrs ksjfia fiajhg
meusfKk ;reK negsuka,dg iu,sx.
sl wmpdr lsrSu iusnkaOjh' .us j,
isg cSj;ajSug uqo,a bmehSfus woyiska
w;jeislus lrkakg meusfKk wysxil
fld,q .eghska fndfydafofkl= fudyqf.a
wmpdrj,g ,lajS” .=gsld ;u fiajh yer
oud .sh wjia:d fndfydah' fuu ld,h
;=, ldka;d n,ldh fkd;snq w;r” ldka;d
n,ldh werUSu;a iu. fudyqf.a fï le;
mqreoao k;r jsh'
9
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d n%sf.aâ
ludKavrA” fiakdxldOsm;s iy wdrCIl
fiakd wd{dm;s” udKav,sl m%Odks iy
hqO yuqodm;s hk ks, orK ld,hka ;=<
ldka;d fin<shka ;u ldrAhd,fha iy
ks, ksjfia fiajh ioyd fhojSu wksjdrAh
lr ;snSu ldf.a;a fk;a .egqK ldrAHhls’ rd;%Sfha mjd fin<shka ks, ksjfia fiajh
ioyd fhdojd ;snqKs’ Tyqg ;snq nsh ksidu
lsisfjl= fus ms<snoj l:dlf,aj;a fkdue;’ rd;%s ld,fha msrsus finΩka yd fiajlhska
ks, ksjiska bj;ajsh hq;= w;r” uOqjs;
mdkh lruska remjdyskS krUd wjidk
jk;=re wvqu ;ruska ;reK fin<shka
fofofklaj;a ;u fomd” fow;a iy ysi
iusNdykh ioyd fhojSh’ bkamiq Tyq
hykg .sfha tla fin<shla ;ud is;e.s
mrsos f;dardf.kh’ fuh fmr rc oji
wka;#mqrh isyshg f.k fok lreKla
nj hqO yuqodj ;=, b;d m%p,s; lreKls’
jsjsO jljdkq ;=< ir;a f*dkafiald
uy;df.a iqL jsjrKh ioyd fhdojd
.eKqkq .ïs okjs j,ska meusKs wysxil
oqmam;a .eyeKq orejkaf.a .Kk fus
jk jsg ixLHd f,aLK wkqj 71 fofkls’ thska ;sfofkla fiajfha fhos isgshoSu ish
osjs ydks lr.;af;ah’ 18 fofkla wksis
f,i fiajh yerf.diah’ f*dkafiald
uy;df.a w.ehsh hq;= .=Khla jqfha fuu
fin<shkaf.ka fndfyda fofkl=g kS;shg
mgyeksj WiiajSus ,ndoSu iy ks<Odrska
udrA.fhka n,mEus lr .us okjs j,ska
meusKs wysxilu fid,aodoqjka fj;
flf,ik ,o fin<shka irK mdjd oSuhs’ jhi hdu;a iu. wu;l l,;a Tyq yels
whqrska ;reK jsfhaos fuu ldka;djkag
Wojs ,ndoS we;’ .ensnr jSfuka miq orejka
ke;s lr .ekSug tl. fkdjq fin<shka
lSmfofkla muKla ir;a f*dkafialdf.a
orejka youska isgs’ tfy;a fus nj t<smsgu
10
mjikafka oekg jsY%dusl ldka;d fin<
kkaokS ueKsfla muKs’
;ud hqO yuqodOsm;s jq jsg ;udg leu;su
ldka;d fin,shka 16 fofkl= ks,
ksjdihg wkqnoaO lr .;a w;r” Tyqf.a
nsrso jk wfkdaudf.a wkqoekqu msg ksji
;=,u Tjqkaf.a myi jsoSug ;rus Tyq
lDDr jsh’ csjs;fhka fyusn;aj f;jrlau
ksos fm;s nS osjs kid.ekSug W;aidy oerE
wfkdaud Tyqg rsis mrsos TSkEu wfhl= iu.
yeisrSug bv wer wd.u oyug ,eosj” rdcldrs lghq;= j,os muKla ;u ieushd
yd tlajSug mqreoq mqyqKq jsh’ jrla mykla
oe,ajSug f.dia wfkdaud w;ska Tyq oe,ajq
myka ;srh ksjS hdu fya;=fjka flaka;s
f.dia m%isoaOsfhau wfkdaudf.a ysig f;,a
fnda;,hla ye,Su n,d isgs ishΩfokdu
ujs;hg m;a lrjSh’ wfkla nsysiqKqu
l:dj jkafka tla jljdkqjl ;ud yd
tl. fkdjq jsg wfkdaud nsu oK.iajd
msgg fjsje,lska myroSu mqreoaola jYfhka
lrf.k hduhs’
ksis whqrskau ryi fy,s fkdl,o rfgs
fndfyda fofkla okakd mrsos ;u yuqod
uq,ia:dkh ;=,oSu .ens.;a ldka;djlf.a
urdf.k uefrk m%ydrhg f.doqrejSu
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a i,a,d,
lu ksid isoqjqjls’ Tyqf.a fus oqrAj,lu
oek.;a fldgs ;%ia;jdoSka fus iqrEms o%jsv
;reKsh Tyq fj;g ,xlf,a ks;ru Tyq
fj; ldka;djka iemhq Tyqf.a ks, ksjfiys
fiajh l, uqia,sus cd;sl wrlaleushd
u.sks’ jsYd, uqo,a fldka;%d;a;=jla u;
isoqjq fus ydolu ksid o%jsv ;reKsh we;a;
jYfhkau ir;a f*dkafiald fj;ska .ens
.ekSfuka miqj wehg hqO yuqod frday,
fj; taug wjir ,ndoS ;snqfkao Tyqf.a
wkqoekqu we;=jh’ tfia fkdjkakg hqO
11
yuqod uq,ia:dkfha fus isoaOsh iusnkaOj
fndfyda jeroslrejka isgsh hq;=h’ tfy;a
tla jrolrefjl= j;a fus ;dla fkdue;af;a
jrolre ;udu ksidh’
l=rsrelufldgs ;%ia;jdoSka jsiska f*dkafiald uy;d
uerSug iqoqiq fou< ;reKsh Tyqf.a
wrlaleushd u.ska tjSug W.=,a wegjqfha
wrlaleushka ir;a f*dkafialdg lsisoq
wdorhla” f.!rjhla fkdolajk ksidh’ f*dkafialdg ns;a;r neo ^nq,aia whs& oSu
buy;a wmyiq ldrAHhls’ ns;a;rh neoao
jsg tys ly uoh yrs ueo ;snsh hq;= w;r” th ly mdggo” msg; iqoq uoh fldgi
;ks iqog yrs jD;a;dldrjo ;snsh hq;=h’ fus ;;ajh yrsyegs bgqlsrSug fkdyels jq
wjia:dj, tu ns;a;r j,skau Tyq yg oud
.id mhska .eiSu Tyqf.a iqmqreoq l%shdjls’ hqO yuqodj ;=, b;d m%isoaO isoaOdka;hla
jkafka ir;a f*dkafiald uy;dg Wfoa
wdydrh ioyd ns;a;r 20 la fjkalrk
njhs’ thg we;a;u fya;=j wx. iusmqrAK
nq,aia whs tlla tk;=re wrlaleushd
ns;a;r neo bka fydou yh f*dkafiald
fj; f.khduh’
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d w,suxlv l|jqfrA
fiajh lrk ld,h ;=,os isoqjq ns;a;r
wdmam isoaOsho b;du m%p,s; fukau
nsysiqKq isoqjSuls’ tosk WoEik wdydrhg
wdmam lEug .sh jsg wdmam ish,a,u
YS;, jS ;snqks’ wrlaleushdg wuq ;s;a;
l=Kqyremfhka neK jeos kej; WKq
ns;a;r wdmamhla f.k taug lsjo” m%udo
jq fyhska Tyq ksjS ;snq wdmam wdydrhg
f.k flaka;sfhka hdug iqodkus jk jsg” wrlaleushd WKq WKq ns;a;r wdmamo
/f.k osj wdfjsh’ tjsg flaka;sfhka
mqmqruska isgs f*dkafiald ns;a;r wdmamh
12
f.k wrlaleushdf.a lfkys ;nd yels
fjr fhdod wdmamhg .eiSh’ lka wvs me,S
ns;a;r idre lk we;=,g f.dia isysiqka
jq wrlaleushd miqj fy,sfldmagrhlska
wkqrdOmqrh fj; f.k tk ,os’ jdikdjlg fuka Tyqf.a cSjs;h fnsreko
tl lkla ;du;a wefikafka ke;’
lka fldg lrKjEushdf.a l:dj mejiSug
fndfyda ks<OdrSka iy fid,aodoqjka ue,s
jqjo” oeka oeka i;Hh t,shg tuska mj;s’ fld<Uska neyerj yuqod ks, ksjdihla
;=,os ijia jrefjs ir;a f*dkafiald
uy;df.a fldKavh lemq lrKjEushd
oe,s msysfhka lk wi, yevhg flia
lemSfusos yu ;=jd, jS f,a .,kakg
jsh’ thg nsh jq lrKjEushd ;=jd,hg
fvfgd,a oud we;’ tysos we;s jq fjsokdj;a
iu.u lsmqKq f*dkafiald ke.sg oe,smsysh
Woqrdf.k lrKjEushdf.a lk uq,g
;nd \Tfydu fkfjhs nqrejd fufyu
lmmsh\ lshd fjs.fhka weoao jsg lk
iusmqrAKfhka lemS fjkajS we;’ fjsokdjg
yd nshg m;ajq lrKjEushd lE .iuska” f,a .,uska oqjf.dia ie.jS we;af;a
fid,aodoqjka isgsk ksjdihla ;=<h’ miqj
lk iy lrKjEushd frday,la fj;
msg;alr yersho Y,H lrAuh widrA:l jq
ksid Tyq wo;a lkla wysusj hqO yuqodfjsu
fldKavh lmuska jfhdajDoaOj cSj;a fjs’
fkdñksialu
b;d iqΩ fohg;a lsfmk tfia;a ke;akus
fkdlsmqk fudfyd;la ke;s ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d ks<Odrskag iy
fiiq ks,hkag usksiqkag fuka lsisoskl
wu;kafka ke;’ whsfia” Tshs” ;uqka” ;uqfia” nqrejd” usyrld” fmd,a nqrejd” fmfrA;hd
hk jpk Tyqf.a idudkH jHjydrh jk
13
w;r” lsmS we;ssjsg Ndjs;d lrkqfha Y=oaO
isxy, nejska iodpdr iusmkak iudchl
mqrjeishka fj; ,sLs;j bosrsm;a lsrSug
;rus fkdfjs’ tfy;a TSkEu ldka;d
ks<OdrSkshlg” fin<shl=g fyda iqrEmS
ldka;djlg l:d lrkafka b;du
lreKdfjka iy wdorfhks'
Tyq jsiska ks;r wmydihg” ieye,a,qjg” ks.rejg ,lajk fckrd,a fldnsnElvqj
uy;d fid,aodoqjkag l:d lf,a \mq;d\ ke;akus \orejd\ lshdh’ fid,aodoqfjl=f.a
;=jd,hla oqgq jsg ta .ek loqΩ msrs fk;ska
ne,q Tyq ch.%yKh .ek muKla fkdj
cSjs; j, jgskdluo fydoska jgydf.k
;snqks’ Tyqg wo;a yuqodju” uqΩ rgu
wdorh lrkafka tfyhsks’
udo ms<sfkd.;a miqj i;Hhehs jgyd.;a
lreKla jkafka f*dkafiald uy;dg
iskdiSug ners njh’ Tyqg tu iajNdjsl
l%Shdldrlu Tyqf.a uqyqfKa udxY fmaYS
j,ska ksis f,i l%shd;aul fkdjSu thg
fya;=j f,i ffjoHjreka mjid isgs’ Tyq
iskdfik jsg muKla fkdj l:d lrk
jsgo idudkH usksfil=f.a fuka f;d,a
fm;s folu iy lusuq,a j, p,khka isoq
fkdjS” Wvq f;d, muKla p,kh fõ’ fuh
Tngo bosrs rEmjdysks jevigyka ;=,ska
;yjqre lr .; yelsh’ cqfojsjka us,shk
.Kkla urd oeuq crAuksfha kdis us,sgrs
wd{dodhl ysg,rAgo iskydjSug fkdyels
uqyqKla ;snq nj m%lg lreKls’ fuh
b;d l,d;=rlska f,dj nsysjk ye.Sus
j,ska” wkqlusmdfjka f;dr wudkqIsl
mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIKhla nj fmd;
mf;yso ioyka fjs’
hk hk ;ek NSIKh we;s l, ir;a
14
f*dkafiald ;ud hgf;a fiajh lrk
fcAHIaG ks<OdrSkago lsisoq f.!rjhla
oelajqfha ke;’ Tyq usksiqkaf.ka jev .;af;a
is; oskd.ekSfuka fkdj ishhg foiShhlau
n,h ke;akus ;rAckh Ndjs;fhks’ n,
fiakdOsm;s f,i lghq;= lrk ld,h
;=<oSo Tyq meusfKk;=re ishΩfokdu
oskm;d fm, ieoS iSrefjka isgSu mqreoaols’ fujka mqreoq ckm;s ueoqfrAj;a wid ke;’ hqOnsu m%p,s; l:djla jkafka \biairyg
.sfhd;a fcdkS” miaig .sfhd;a f*dkS\ hkakh’ ta Tyq usksiqka fufyhjk jsg
fcdkS ngsgka fkd;ld bosrshg hk fia
finΩkag wK oqka jsg we;sjk ;;ajhhs’ finΩka f;dard.kafka msgqmi isgsk f*dkS
fkdj ushhEu fyda fydohs lshd bosrsmi
isgsk fcdkSh’
wka;#mqrh
foysw;a;lKavsh ;=kajk ldka;d
n,ldfha ldka;d fin< m%Shx.kS iy
il,iqrsh 2004 oS hqO yuqod fiajfhka
wialrkq ,enqfha Tjqka yuqod lojqr ;=,
.Ksld jD;a;sfha fhoS uqo,a tl;= l,
ksidh' tjlg tu n,ldfha wKfok
ks<Odrs jq lrAk,a isrs fmfrArdg fuu
;SrKh .ekSug isoqjqfha fuu jro ioyd
fin<shka fofokdg uSg fmr 8 j;djla
ovqjus lr ;snq ksidh' tfy;a 2005 oS ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s jq jydu tu
fin<shka fofokd kej; fiajfha msysgqjd
uykqjr l=,shg ksjilao ,ndoS Tyqf.a
mrsyrKhg ;nd.;af;ah' fuu fin<shka
,jd udkj ysuslus kvqjla ousujd lrAk,a
isrs fmfrArdg jsreoaOj ir;a f*dkafiald
tys idCIs oqkafkah' miqj lrAk,a fmfrArd
yuqod fiajfhka wialr oeusfush'
15
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a ldka;d
fin< wka;#mqrfha jsjsO jljdkq j,
jsjsO prs; w.fufyishf.a prs;h
r.mEfjsh’ ld,hl tu ;k;=r oerE
fldam%,a chiqrsh fi$2R01250 fin<sh
ks<Odrska fukau fcAHIaG finΩka lsysm
fofkl=f.au cSjs; jskdY lr we;af;a
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;df.a yuqodm;s n,h
Wmldrs lr.ksusks’ lsisu ks<Odrsfhl=g” n,,;a ks<Odrsfhl=g .reire fkdlrk
fldam%,a chiqrsh fin<shf.a jskh jsfrdaOs
l%shd j,g wjjdo iy ovqjus oSfus jrog” jir 20 la l%shdkajs;fha fiajh fldg
n;a;ruq,a, l|jqrg udrejS wd frcsfuska;=
ierhka fuscrA tia’ta’tka’ jsfcA;=x.
yuqodm;s ir;a f*dkafiald jsiska isr.;
fldg /lshdj mjd wysus fldg f.or
hjd we;’ foore msfhl= jk Tyq wo wka;
wirK ;;ajhg m;aj we;’
;j;a jrl w.% ufyaIsldj f,i m%isoaOj
isgsfha we,amsgsfha isg meusKs ldka;d
fin< l=uqoq idrx.sh' ueh fl;rus
m%n,j isgsfhao h;a fcAHIaG ks,OdrSkaf,a
nvv ;gsgq lr \irA nv jevshs\ lshd
lSug ;rus Yla;sh ;snqfkah' ta ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d weh lshk TskEu
fohla l, ksidh' jrla ldka;d fin<
l=uqoq wikSmj hqO yuqod frdAyf,a kej;S
isgsk jsg wfjs,dfjs weh n,kakg meusKs
fhfy,shka ;sfofkl= wdmiq yrjd hejSfus
fya;=jg ffjoH n,ldfha fldam%,a nKavdr
yuqodfjka wialf,ah' fuh hqO yuqod
ffjoH fiajfha TskEu flfkl= ;yjqre
lrkq we;'
fuf,i f*dkafiald uy;df.a wka;#mqrfha
jsgska jsg w.% ufyaIsldjf.a ;k;=r
fynjqjka w;r” lms;dka ,CIuS fok.u”
16
lms;dka m%S;s jSrr;ak” lms;dka rsoausld
jSrr;ak” n,,;a ks<Odrs 11 kkaoks
ueKsfla” fldam%,a chiqrsh” fldam%,a
wU.iamsgsh” ldka;d fin< m%Shx.ks” il,iqrsh” l=uqoq l=udrs” ks,ausKs rx.kS” bfkdald frAKqld” iqmqks” f,afkdard iy
l=Uqrefyak m%uqL ;eka f.k isgS'
udOH u¾Okh iy >d;k
udOHlrejka w;f,diaila ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;df.a i.hska njg
m;ajqfha Tjqka fjkqfjka jsYd, uqo,a
iusNdrhla ,ndfouska iy is;eÛs mrsos
i;=gq jSug wysxil fin<shka we;s muK
myi ioyd Tjqka fj; iemhSug fjkuu
ks<Odrs lKavdhulg Ndr lsSrSfuks’ hqO
yuqodfjs we;s ksula ke;s rcfha fkdjk
wruqo,a jk frcsfuska;= wruqo,a rsisfia
fnod.;a ks<OdrSkao yuqodm;s wjirh
u; fin<shka ;u wjYH;d ioyd Ndjs;h
lf,dah’
\o fkaIka\ mqj;amf;a ir;a f*dkafiald
uy;df.a l%shdldrlus m,jSu;a iu.u
udOHfjsos lS;a fkdhdrA meyerf.k
f.dia myroqks’ bka wk;=rej fmdaoao,
chka;” ik;a nd,iqrshg fukau rsjsr
mqj;amf;a l;D Wmd,s f;kakfldakag
.=gs neg oqkafka Tyqf.a i.hskauh’ 1993 oS hd,afoajS fufyhqfuka miq ta .ek
fy,slsrSu iusnkaOj bland,a w;dia
uy;df.a ksji wi, u,ajvus ;ekam;a
lf,ao ir;a f*dkafialdf.a i.hska jsisks’ ,ika; jsl%u;=x. >d;kh .ek ioyka
fkdl,;a ta ms<snoj f;dr;=re uqΩ uy;a
rgjeishdu oks;s’ miq.sh ld,h ;=, isoqjq rch uy;a
wmlSrA;shg m;a l, w;a;fkdau;sl
uskSuereus f,i ie,flk fcdai*a
17
mrrdcisxyus” kvrdcd rjsrdcA iy gS’ ufyaIajrka >d;ko ir;a f*dkafiald
jsiska fufyh jq nj kqoqre oskhl
ck;djg meyeos,s jk jsg kej; kej;;a
W.kavdfjs bvS wuSka isysjkq we;’
fid,aod¥jka .ek fkd;elSu
lsisoq oskhl fid,aodoqfjl=f.a urKhla
.ek wid lusmkhg m;a fkdjq ir;a
f*dkafiald” ;reK jsfha isgu kreufhl=
f,i yuqodj ;=, m%p,s; jsh’ yuqodfjs
m%udKh jevslsrSu .ek;a” yuqodfjs ush
.sh ixLHdfjs jsYd,;ajh .ek;a l:d
lrk Tyq lsis osfkl urK ixLHdj
wvqlsSrSula .ek l:d lf,a ke;’ csjs;h
mqrdjgu tla osklaj;a fid,aodoqfjl=f.a
u,.ulg iyNd.s fkdjq Tyq” ;=jd, jq
fid,aodoqjka oelSug .sfhao” leurdlrejka
msrsjrdf.k m%isoaOsh ,nd.ekSug muKs’
hqO ch.%yKfha ;ks whs;sh ;ud fj;
mjrd .ekSfus woyi w;S;fha isgu ir;a
f*dkafialdf.a ysf;a ;snqks’ tksid Tyq
fndfyda jsg .=jka iy kdjsl iydh ,nd
fkdf.k ryfiau ys;=uf;ag fufyhqus
osh;a lf,ah’ uqyuf,a bosrshg taug
f.dia wjia:d ;=klos fid,aodoqjka 1600
la muK ush .sh w;r” ta ishΩ urK
fudyqf.a uu;ajh ksid isoqjq fmdf,dj
kqyq,k wmrdOhkah’ fufyhqus j,g
kdjsl iy .=jka iydh ,nd.;af;a kus
fndfyda finΩka wo;a cSj;=ka w;rh’ ke;akus w;a md we;s idudkH usksiqkah’ fuu w;a;fkdau;sl l%Shdkajs; ksid Tyq
ckdOsm;s;=udf.a Woyig mjd ,lajsh'
ta wjia:dfjs Tyq yuqodm;s ;k;=rska
mylsrSug ;SrKh l,o miqj tu ;SrKh
fjkia lr we;'
18
cúfm l=uka;%Kh
fojrlau wjs n,fhka rfgs md,kh
,nd.ekSug W;aidy fldg” th lsisod
l, fkdyelalla nj jegyqK ck;d
jsuqla;s fmruqK” ta n,h flfia fyda
,nd.ekSu ioyd l=uka;%Kh lf,a
1994 pkao%sld nKavdrkdhl ue;sKsh
rfgs n,hg m;ajSu;a iu.h’ Tjqka ta
jkjsg;a ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d iu.
tl;= jS Tyq yuqodOsm;s ;k;=r olajd
f.k taug W;aidy oerSh’ tfy;a nqoaOs
f;dr;=re jsYaf,aIKh lsrSfuka miq
ue;sKsh lsisjsfgl;a ir;a f*dkafiald
yuqodm;s lrjSu m%;sfCIam lf<ah’ ta Tyq
jsYajdikSh mqoa.,fhl= f,i ms,s fkd.;a
ksidh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s
lsrSug cjsfmg wjYH jqfha Tyq u.ska
;uka yg lsisosfkl ,nd.ekSug fkdyels
rdcH n,h yuqod l=uka;%Khla u.ska fyda
Woqrd.ekSugh’
oekg ,enS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj 2005
ue;sjrKfhaos cjsfm jsiska uyskao rdcmCI
ue;s;=udg iydh oSug m%Odku fya;=jla
jqfha ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d yuqodm;s
lrjd.ekSugh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;do
fus ioyd ix>hd jykafia,dg muKla
fkdj rfgs joskakg yels iEu flfkl=gu
jekafoah’ wdrCIl f,alus f.daGdNh
rdcmCI uy;dgo jeo yvd jegqfkah’ fy, Wreufha kdhljreka iy ysusjreka
wNshio tf,iu jeo jegS yuqodm;s
lu ,nd.ekSug Wojs b,a,d isgsfhah’ ish,a,kaf.au b,a,Sus j,g lkaoSfuka miq
ckdOsm;s ;=ud Tyq yuqodOsm;s lf,ah’
cd;Hdka;r iydh iy ms,s.ekSu fkdue;sj
yuqod l=uka;%Khlska rfgs md,kh
Woqrdf.k tjlg n,.;=j isgs fldgs
;%ia;jdoSka yd igka lsrSug fkdyels
19
nejska” rg w,a,d.ekSfus lghq;a; cjsfm
iy ir;a f*dkafiald l,aoeusfush’ fldgs
;%ia;jdoSka mrdch lsrSu ioyd ckdOsm;s
uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud;a” wdrCIl
f,alus f.daGdNh rdcmCI uy;d;a
w;HdjYH nj Tjqka oek isgsfhah' hqO
ch.%yKfha wjidkh lsgsgq jk jsg
ir;a f*dkafialdg yuqod l=uka;%Khla
lsrSug wjYH jqjo ta jk jsg wfkl=;a
hqO yuqod ks<Odrska ish,af,dau Tyqf.a
l=rsrelus ksid Tyq yd WrK jS isgsfhdah’ fid,aodoqjkao ir;a f*dkafiald jsY%du
hk ;=re n,d isgsfhdah’ kdjsl yd .=jka
yuqodm;sjre” ks<Odrska iy Nghkaa
f*dkafialdf.a kreulus” widOdrKlus” fkdusksialus yoqkdf.k isgsfhdah’ Tyqg
yuqod l=uka;%Khla lsrSug fkdyels jqfha
tnejsks’
cd;Hdka;r l=uka;%Kh
yuqod l=uka;%Khla ioyd Tyqg
iydhla fkdue;s nj;a” ckdOsm;s
;=ud b;du;a ckm%sh nj;a jgyd.;a
Tyq cjsfm yd B<. mshjr f,i hqO
ch.%yKfha whs;sh ;udgu mjrdf.k
ck;d jsuqla;s fmruqfKa ckdOsm;s Oqr
wfmaCIl f,i ckdOsm;sjrKhg taug;a” ckdOsm;sjrKh f;la ks, weoqfus flfia
fyda /oS isgsh hq;= nj;a ;SrKh lrk ,os’ hqOnsug fkd.sh;a” yels;rus udOHfjsoSka
msrsjrd wdrCIl j<,q 4 lska jglrf.k
hqO fufyhqus lrk m%foaY j, ks<OdrSka
yuqjSug f.dia oskm;d rEmjdysks j,ska
;u rEmh m%pdrh lsrSug;a” mqj;am;aj,
PdhdrEm m,lsrSug;a lghq;= lf,a fuys
tla mshjrla jYfhks’ ;jo rEmjdysks
idlpsPdj,os hqoaOh 95] lau ;ud l, nj
lshuska Wous wekSug;a” ush .sh rKjsrejka
20
.ekj;a ioyka fkdlr .=Kul=jSug;a
Tyq W;al=i jqfha tnejsks’
cjsfm Pkao ,CI fol muKla ,ndf.k
lsisoskl furfgys n,h ,nd.ekSug
fkdyels jq ;ek cjsfm kdhlhkaf.a
Wml%u u; tlai;a cd;sl mCIh
fuhg wEod.ekSug yelsjSu f*dkafiald
uy;df.a tla ;djld,sl ch.%yKhls’ tfukau hqO ch.%yKh wjidk wOshfrAoS
u;=jq cd;Hdka;r n,mEu m%fhdackhg
.ekSug tcdmh iu. ie,iqus lsrSug
ir;a f*dkafiald Wml%uYS,S jsh’ hqoaOfha
wjidkh fmkS fmkS wefursldj” ns%;dkH
we;=Ω ngysr rgj,a j,g m%Ndlrka
we;=Ω ;%ia; kdhlhska fnsrd.ekSug
Wjukd jq w;r” ta ioyd Wml%u fhoqfjs
ljo;a Tjqka yd tlajq tlai;a cd;sl
mCIh iu.h’ Tjqkaf.a n,mEu jqfha
hqoaOh flfia fyda kj;d ouk f,ihs’
tfy;a tjlg ckdOsm;s uyskao rdcmCI
ue;s;=ud” wdrCIl f,alus ;=ud” kdjsl” .=jka yuqodm;sjre iy hqO fmruqfKa
isgs ishΩu hqO yuqod fikam;shka isgsfha
hqoaOh flfia fyda wjika l, hq;=h hk
oevs ;SrKfhah’
;ksju nqÿqùu
hqoaOfha wjika wOshfrAoS uq,;sjs uqyqoq
;Srhg fldgqjS isgs fldgs ;%ia;jdoSkag
jglr myroSu ioyd uqyqoska n, weKs
f.dvneiaijSu msKsi kdjsl yuqodj
jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o ie,iqu ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d jsiska tlfy,du
m%;sfCIam lf,ah’ ta ngysr rgj, ie,iqu
wkqj insuerSka f.kajd fyda fy,sfldmagrA
fhdod fyda fldgs kdhlhkag uqyqo
me;af;ka m,dhdug bv yerSugh’ ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d fus ie,iqu Tyq nSnSiS
21
cd,h iu. l, idlpsPdjlos fy,sorjs
lf,a kdjsl yuqodfjs oqrAj,lu ksid
uqyqoska fldgss kdhlhska mek hd yels
nj mjiusks’ ta Tyqf.a .e,jSu ioyd
hqO yuqodj Bg j. lsj hq;= ke;s nj
fmkajSughs’
ta jk jsg ir;a f*dkafialdf.a weursldj
iu. ;snq l=uka;%Kh fy,sorjs jS
fkd;snqko” Tyqf.a jEhu m%Ndlrka yd
kdhlhska msrsig uqyqoska m,dhdug bvyerSu
nj foaYmd,k yd kdjsl yuqod kdhl;ajh
fydoska jgydf.k ;snqks’ hqoaOfha wjidk
wOshfrAos hqO” kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod w;r
b;d iuSm iusnkaO;djhla wjYH jqj;a
ir;a f*dkafialdf.a ksfhda.h jqfha lsisoq
hqO yuqod ks<Odrsfhla kdjsl yd .=jka
yuqod iu. iusnkaOlus fkdmeje;ajsh
hq;= njh’ fus ;;ajh jgyd.;a wdrCIl
f,alus ;=ud oskm;d hqO fmruqfKys isgs
hqO” kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod fifkjshka
iu. idlpsPd lr iusnkaOSlrKh
ish;g .;af;a ta ms<sno ,sLs;ju yuqod
uq,ia:dk fj; ksfhda. ksl=;a lrusks’ tfia fkdjkakg wo hqoaOfha ;;ajh uSg
jvd fjkia jkakg bv ;snqKs’
úrejka ì,soSu
hqO yuqod fiakdxl kef.kysr fjr,
;Srh osf.a mq,auqfvs isg uq,;sjs foig;a” k.rA fldajs,a isg uq,;sjs foig;a” ol=Kska
iy W;=rska .uka lf,ah’ fus iu.u uqyqfoa
rdcldrs lghq;= lsrSu ioyd kdjsl yuqod
jsfYaI hd;%d iy CIKsl jsysoqus hd;%d
lKavdhus khdre iy pqKavsl=,us l,mqj
fj; f.dia l%shdkajs; wdrusN lsrSug
W;aidy oerejo ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d
tajdg wjysr lf,a Tyqf.a l=uka;%Kh
widrA:l jk nejsks’ ta ioyd wkque;sh
22
,ndoqkafka wdrCIl uKav, /iajSfusos
ckdOsm;s;=udf.a ksfhda. u;h’ tfy;a
Tyq pqKavsl=,us l,mqfjs fudah lg udΩ
fndagsgq .s,ajd kdjsl hd;%d j,g hd
fkdyels fia jidoeuSug ;rus lDDr jsh’
m%Ndlrka uqyqoska mekhdu je,elajSu
ioyd kdjsl yuqodj uqΩ Yla;shu fhdojd” hd;%d 100 lg wOsl ixLHdjlska uq,;sjs
uqyqoq ;Srh jeg,Sh’ pqKavsl=,us iy pf,hs
hqO yuqod n,hg k;=jS ;snq w;r” ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d kdjsl hd;%dj,g
fjr,g taug fkdfok f,i;a” kdjsl
finΩkag lEu” nSu yd c,h fkdfok
f,i;a tjlg tys isgs fiakdxldOsm;s
n%sf.avshrA m%ikak is,ajdg wK oS ;snqks’ tfy;a ch.%yKh ioyd lemjS isgs
n%sf.avshrA m%ikak is,ajd ryfiau ;u
fid,aodoqjkaf.a wdydr iy c,h kdjsl
finΩka fj; fnod oqks’
l=vd hd;%d j,g fjr,g taug ;snq ;yku
ksid tajd f.dvnsug wdikakfha uqyqfoa
kex.=rus,d ;enSug;a” wjYH wdydr” f;,a
,nd.ekSug f.dvg mSkd taug;a isoqjsh’ f.dvg meusK osh kd .;a kdjsl finΩka
rd;%sfha uqr ixpdrh ioyd hd;%d j,g
.sfha uqyqfoa mSkd f.diah’ Tjqka YS;,
rd;%sh .; lf,a ,qKq j;=frka f;;nrs;
jq weoqus yd hg weoqus iu.h’ fus ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d wjika igkg iydh
oqka wdldrhhs’
igka nsfus wjika i;s lSmh ;=, hqO
yuqodfjs ush .sh ks<OdrSka iy finΩkaf.a
ixLHdj b;d by,h’ l,mq j, m%jdykhg
iy c,h wdY%S; ndOl ch.ekSug kdjsl
yuqodfjs jsfYaI mqyqKqj ,;a myiqlus
iys; jsfYaI hd;%d n,>Kh fhojSug
igka fmruqfKa isgs hqO yuqod fikam;shka
b,a,d isgsho” ir;a f*dkafiald tu
23
fhdackd m%;sfCIam lf,a \lShla uereK;a
lula keye fkajs tl .dj.kak tmd\ lshusks’ ta fmr isgu hqoaOh ;ud muKla
oskq nj rgg mejiSug wjYHj ;snq nejsks’ igka nsfus isgs fifkjshkag lka oqkafka
kus ;j;a jgskd fin, cSjs; fndfyda
.Kkla fnsrd.ekSug ;snqks’
osjs msoq jsrejkaf.a cSjs; j, lsisoq
jgskdlula ir;a f*dkafialdg fkd;snq
njg fndfyda idCIs we;’ Tyq igka nsfus
idrA:l;ajh” tvs;rlu uekafka ush hk
finΩkaf.a ixLHdj yd ixikaOkh lrusks’ Tyq fiakdxldOSm;Skaf.ka f;dr;=re
jsuik jsg wikafka \Tfyaf.a fmruqfKa
wfma Wka lShla uereko\ lshdh’ uerek
ixLHdj ixikaOkd;aulj wvq kus \wehs
TShs ;uqfif.a Tpspr wvqfjka uerefka
wksla n%Sf.avs tfla fupspr uers,d ;sfhoaos’ ;uqfia miai .yf.k bkak we;s’ biairyg
.shd kus ;uqfiaf.a Wkq;a uefrkak tmdhE
Thsg jevsh\ hkqfjka weiSu Tyqf.a iqmqreoq
osk prAhdfjs fldgils’
wka whf.a ms<sl=,
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d Tyq jgd isgs
lsisfjl= jsYajdi lf,a ke;’ ;udf.au
wOsiydhl ks<Odrshdj;a ^ta’vS’iS’& jsYajdi
fkdlf,a Tjqkag ;srsikqkag fuka ie,l=
fyhsks’ hqO yuqodfjs fuscrA fckrd,a
ks,hg Wiia jq jsg ta’vS’iS’ flfkla
,efnk w;r” idudkHfhka jsY%du hk ;=re
ta’vS’iS’ jreka udrejkafka tlaflfkla fyda
fokafkla muKs’ Tjqka ks<Odrshdg yqre
mqreoq jk ksid ks;r udre lrkafka ke;’ fckrd,a f*dkafiald fus iusnkaOj .skia
jdrA:djg ysuslus lshhs’ Tyqg fiajh
fldg we;s ta’vS’iS’ jrekaf.a .Kk 23 ls’ ta Tjqka ish,af,dau Tyq <. fiajh l,
24
fkdyels ksid fiajfhka mek .sh ksid” b,a,d udrejS .sh ksid fyda mhska .id
mekakq fyhsks’ fus kus ,ehsia;=j hqO
yuqod uq,ia:dkfhka ,nd .; yel' Tyq
;j;a .Skia jdrA:djla ;nd we;' ta Tyqg
jsreoaOj we;s udkj ysuslus W,a,x>k kvq
46 ksidh'
150”000 isgsk hqO yuqodfjs fuscrA
fckrd,ajreka fofofkl= iy n%Sf.
avshrAjre y;rfofkl= yer iuia: hqO
yuqod ixy;shu ir;a f*dkafiald iu.
wukdmfhka isgsfhah' ldka;d fin<shka
w;f,diaila yer iuia: fid,aodoqjkau
isgsfha oevs wm%idofhks' wdrCIl udKav,sl
m%Odks f,i m;ajq jsg Tyq hgf;a fiajhg
m;a l, ishΩu ks<OdrSka wlue;a;
m%ldY lr isgs w;r” hqO yuqodm;sf.a
ueosy;ajSfuka ks<Odrska tu ia:dkhg
nf,ka fuka wkqhqla; lf,ah' kdjsl yd
.=jka yuqod ks<OdrSkao Tyq hgf;a fiajh
lsrSu tlfy,du m%;sfCIam lf,ah'
;ud usksiqkag i,lk wdldrh .ek okakd
ksidu Tyqg wka wh jsYajdi ke;s jSu
idOdrKh’ ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d msg
l|jqrlg rdcldrshla ioyd .sh jsg tu
ia:dk j,ska j;=r fndkafka jsI weoaoehs
mrSCId lsrSfuka wk;=rejh’ ta ioyd Tyq
mrSCIK WmlrK f.khkafka ke;’ j;=r
fcda.=j Tyq bosrshg f.k js;a thska m<uq
jSoqrej wi, isgsk fid,aodoqfjl=g nSug oS
Tyqg fmak f;la udkfha iSrefjka isgSug
ie,eiajSfuka c,fha jsI ke;s nj fidhd.
kS’ ir;a f*dkafiald j;=r fndkafka
bka jskdvs lSmhlg miqjh’ oskla ir;a
f*dkafialdg j;=r oqka jSoqrefjs fin,df.a
we.s,s ie,l=Kq ;snSu fya;=fjka lsmqk
ir;a f*dkafiald wysxil fid,aodoqjdf.a
uqyqKg j;=r jSoqrefjka .eiSh' uqyqfKa
25
kdih iy ol=Kq weihg iy ueyqus 6 la
oeuSug isoqjsh' wei fnsrefka wkqkjfhks'
mrdchka
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d l:d lrkafka
hqO nsfus os.gu ch.%yK muKla ,;a
fifkjsfhl= f,ih’ tfy;a Tyq hqOnsfus
uyd mrdchkago j. lsj hq;=h’ uSg jir
lSmhlg fmr w,suxlv l|jqr w;yer
miqnisk f,i wKoqkafka Tyqh’ miqnisk
fiakdxlfha 400 g wOsl msrsila iuq,
>d;kh jqfha Tjqkg ksis iydhla ,nd
kqoqka ksidh’ je,sTh .cndmqr mdrusmrsl
isxy, .usudkh w;yer miqneiSug
wKoqkafkao fudyqh' lhsgsia 2 jk iafjspsPd
n,weKsfha finΩka 100 la >d;kh lr
wKfok ks<Odrs urd fldfydU .il
t,a,qfjs ir;a f*dkafialdf.a wKil
hgf;a ;snshoSh’
hqO yuqodfjs iodld,sl wKfokakd” lemS fmfkkakd jSfus woyiska isgs fudyq
oialus md fmrg wd” meiiqug ,lajq
fndfyda fcAHIaG ks<OdrSkag mkak mkakd
myroqkafka” Tjqkaf.a cSjs; iusmqrAKfhkau
jskdY lf,a ;ud muKla ch.%yKfha
whs;sh ;ksju Wreu lr.; hq;=hehs hk
ye.Sfuka jev l, ksidh’ ;udf.a we;s
wuklu ksid WiiajSus iy udrejSus ioyd
;u nsrso f*dkafialdg ns,s oqka ks<OdrSka
fukau ;u ieushdf.a WiiajSu oshqKqj
m;d ;u m;sj; f*dkafialdg mqcd l,
nsrskaoEjre .eko yuqodj ;=, m%p,s;
l:d we;'
¥IKh iy jxpdj
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d Okh /ialsrSug;a” rcfha wruqo,a j,ska hemSug;a b;d .scq
njla olajkafkls' Tyqf.a oshKshka
fofokdu weursldjg hjd wOHdmkh
26
,ndoqkafkah’ weursldfjs Tlaf,dafydaud
k.rfha iqmsrs ksjdi follg ysuslus
lshk w;r” oshKshka fofokdgu wOs
iqfmdaLfNda.S jdyk follau ;E.S jYfhka
,ndoS we;' yuqodm;s jSug fndfyda fmr” rcfha ieg,hsgs oqrl:khlska weursldfjs
isgsk oshKshkag iy tx.,ka;fha isgs
fmusj;shlg l:d lsrSu ioyd oqrl:k
ns, remsh,a us,shk 4'9 la olajd by,
hdu tl, uqΩ uy;a rg ;=,u m%isoaO jsh’
fndausnfhka ;=jd, jq jsg oqjreka fofokdg
uqo,a hejqfjs rcfha wruqo,a j,sks’ ta tla
oqjlg uilg remsh,a 150”000$= ne.sks’ jsY%du hdfusos jsfYaI lenskgs wkque;shla
u; Tyqg remsh,a ,CI 440 la jgskd
iqfmdaLfNda.S r:hla ,ndoqkafka Tyqf.a
oevs wdhdpkh u;h’ ;%SjsO yuqodm;sjreka
fj; rcfha bvus lene,a,la oqka jsg
mrApia 10 la m%udKj;a fkdjk nj lshd
wvq ;ruska mrApia 25 la j;a wjYH nj
;oskau lshd isgsfhao ir;a f*dkafiald
uy;d muKs’ tys jgskdlu remsh,a fldags
10 ls'
ir;a f*dkafialdf.a jevsuy,a oshKsh
jsjdy isgskafka jsY%dusl n%sf.avshrA
;s,lr;akf.a mq;% Okqk ;s,lr;ak
iu.h' Tyq i;=j weursldfjs \yhsfldama\ kuska iud.ula wdrusN lr we;' hqO
yuqodm;s jsiska Tyqg mejrs we;s n,h wkqj
remsh,a us,shk 25 g wvq ishΩu us,oS.
ekSus lrk ,oafoa fus iud.u yrydh'
;jo mlsia:dkfha iy pSkfha fkdrskafld
iud.fuka us<oS.;a iEu WKavhlskau
fvd,rA Y; 2 la ̂re 2$= la& iy ld,;=jlal=
WKavhlska fvd,rA 20 la ^re 2000$= la&
Okqk ;s,lr;akf.a weursldkq nexl=
.sKqula we;s \fpsia uekayegka\ nexl=fjs
Tlaf,dafydaud YdLdfjs ;ekam;a jS we;'
27
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d uqyuf,a wdrCIl
l,dmfha isg fkdlvjd ld,;=jlal=
WKav ,CI 4 la m;a;=lsrSu yd fuh w;r
iusnkaOhla we;ehs ks<OdrSka mji;s'
ffjrh yd m<s.ekSï
ir;a f*dkafiald lrAk,a ks,fhaoS cSj;ajqfka
iusgs ksjdi j,h' hdno ksjfia isgs fuscrA
ksu,a chiqrsh uy;df.a rshoqre jdykh
miqmig .ksoaoS ir;a f*dkafialdf.a n,q
megjl= hgjS ush.sfhah' ir;a f*dkafiald
rshoqre fid,aodoqjd osk 60 la isr.;
fldg /lshdfjka fkrmk f,i n,mEus
l,o” fuscrA chiqrsh thg tl. fkdjSh'
miqj f*dkafiald uy;df.a re' us,shk
4'9 l cd;Hdka;r oqrl:k ns, iusnkaO
mrSCIKfha iNdm;s jYfhka lghq;=
lsrSu iusnkaOjo ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d
ksu,a chiqrsh iu. ffjr nekafoah' uSg
m<s.ekSula jYfhka WiiajSu fkdoqka miq
ksu,a chiqrsh Widjs ksfhda.hla u.ska
fuscrA fckrd,a WiiajSu ,nd.;s' tfy;a
miqj Tyq ksjdvq .sh miq ks, ksji ;=,g
wjs iy m;frdus oud fndre fpdaokd u;
jeroslre lr” ksu,a chiqrsh yuqodfjka
wialf,ah' Tyq b;d oCI wjxl fukau
yeuf.a f.!rjhg md;% jq ks<Odrsfhls'
kef.kysr uqod.;a igkg wK oqkafka
kef.kysr wdrCIl fiakdm;s fuscrA
fckrd,a mkaksmsgsh iy fiakdm;ska jk
fuscrA fckrd,a ohd r;akdhl iy n%sf.
avshrA m%ikak is,ajdh' kj ixl,am wkqj
fufyh jq fuu igk idrA:lj ch.;a
miq w;s.re ckdOsm;s;=ud fuu ks<Odrska
ckm;s ueoqrg leojd m%Yxid lf,ah'
fus ms<snoj WrK jq ir;a f*dkafiald
uy;d Tjqka yd ffjr neo.;a w;r
ohd r;akdhl yd m%ikak is,ajd iemhqus
28
rdcldrs j,g udre lr hejSh' mrdl%u
mkaksmsgsh fckrd,ajrhdgo fkdue;s
jeros mgjd Tyqo wksjdrAh ksjdvq u;
hejSh'
lrAk,a lms, r;akdhl ir;a
f*dkafialdf.a ys;jf;l= jqfha Tyqg
mrsyrKh ioyd ldka;djka f.kjs;a
fok ksidh' wjidkfha lms, r;akdhlg
isoqjqfha Tyqf.a wkshus nsrsola jk” mek.
sh yuqod fin<shla jk f,fkdardo
ir;a f*dkafialf.a iekiSu ioyd
,ndoSugh' weh f*dkafialdf.a ksjfia
isg wdmiq /f.k hoaoS mdkaor cdufha
fld<U k.rfhaos jdykh yosis wk;=rlg
Ndckh jS ks<Odrshdf.a iy mek .sh
fin<shf.a ll=,a levS ryi fy,sorjs
jsh' fuh mqj;am;a u.skao m%pdrh jsh'
fuu jskh jsfrdaOs l%shdj iusnkaOj
mrSCIKh meje;ajqfha fuscrA fckrd,a
pkao%jxYh' jro ms<s.;a lrAk,a lms,
r;akdhl yuqodfjka wiaflrsK' tfy;a
yuqodm;s jq jydu ir;a f*dkafiald
fuscrA fckrd,a pkao%jxY lkalika;=rh
jrdfha kejs j,ska nvq nEu” megjSu
wOSCIKh ioyd fhdojk ,os' b;d oCI” lSrA;su;a” fcAHIaG” igkansfus chflfy,s
kxjd molalus oskd isgs jsfYaI n,ldfha
fldudkafvda mqyqKqj ,;a ks<Odrsfhl= jq
fckrd,a pkao%jxY oevs l,lsrSfuka hq;=j
yuqod fiajfhka b,a,d wiajsh'
wudkqIsl;ajh
2002 jifrA hdmkh wdrCIl fiakdOsm;s
f,i fiajh lrk ld,h ;=, ks<Odrs
ksjdi l<uKdlrej isgsfha ,q;skka
29
iqukfiakh' oskla lEug ;snq flda,sl=gsgq
f.vshla yrsyegs boS fkd;snSu ksid
flaka;sfhka ks<Odrshdg myr oS” fusih
hgg oud flda,sl=gsgq wejrshu tljr
ljk ,os' bkamiq Tyq t;ekska udre lr
oeuSh' ,q;skka iqukfiakf.ka miq ks<Odrs
ksjdifha l<uKdlre f,i wdfjs ,q;skka
jE;,djhs' ta jk jsg Tyqf.a jevsuy,a
fidhqre lms;dka jE;,dj igkansfus osjs
mqod ;snqks' oskla lEfuka miq wU lmd ;snq
ms.dfka ieris,a,la f,i wU fldgsgho
fkd;snSfus fya;=fjka Tyqg myr oS
wksjdrAh ksjdvq u; fiajfhka bj;a lrk
,os'
bka wk;=rej ks<Odrs ksjdi l<uKdlre
f,i m;aj wdfjs lms;dka iuka o is,ajdh'
Tyqgo gsl l,la we;=,; myr oS mkakd
oeuq w;r Tyqo wksjdrAh ksjdvq u;
fiajfhka bj;a lrk ,oS' Bg fya;=j jqfha
f*dkafiald uy;df.a jshyshous fjk;a
mqoa.,hska u; megjSug wlue;sjSu ms<sno
m%Yakhla u;h' fuscrA fckrd,a ir;a
f*dkafiald wfkl=;a ks<OdrSkag iy
finΩkag oqka wdydr lsisoskl .kafka
ke;' \ug Th crdj tmd\ lshd tajd
m%;sfCIam lf,ah' ishΩu wdydr fjkuu
.=jka u.ska fld<U isg f.kajd .kakd
,oS' Tyqf.a udisl wdydr ns, re' 50”000'00 blau jq w;r” ks;Hdkql+,j fmdf;ys
igyka jqfha re' 300000 lg wvqfjks'
b;srs uqo,a rdcldrs u; meusfKk rcfha
ksfhdacs; uKav,j, jshous u.ska mshjd.
kakg ks<OdrSkag Wmfoia oS ;snqks'
jsjsO fya;=ka u; wkjirfhka yuqod
fiajh w;yer.sh ;%sjsO yuqod mqoa.,hska
w;awvx.=jg .ekSfuka fyda NdrjSfuka
miq Tjqkag ovqjus oS ksjeros lsrSu
fyda fiajfhka my lsrSu yuqod jskh
30
mj;ajdf.k hdug w;HdjYH lreKls'
tfy;a Tjqkag ffjrfhka osh yels Wmrsu
ovqju kshu lsrSu idudkHfhka isoq
fkdfjs' hqoaOh ksud jk jsg hqO yuqodj
jsiska ir;a f*dkafialdf.a wK u;
nrm;, jev we;sj nkaOkd.dr .; lr
;snq ixLHdj ks<Odrska 136 la yd finΩka
4355 ls' kdjsl yd .=jka yuqod j, tla
wfhla j;a nkaOkd.dr .; lr ;snqfka
ke;' fuh w.ue;s;=ud mdrA,sfuska;=fjs
fok ms<s;=rlska Wmqgd .eksk' fuu ishΩ
fokdu ckm;s;=udf.a ksfhda.hla u;
ksoyia lf,ah'
ngysrg .e;slu
.ul idudkH mjq,l bmoqko ir;a
f*dkafiald l%u l%ufhka uq, wu;l
lr ngysr mkakhg ;oska mqreoq jqfjls'
wdydrmdk” weoqus me<oqus yd isrs;a jsrs;a
ngysr me;a;gu nrjsh' irula weoSu
k;r lr ta fjkqjg ksok ldur lndhla
weoSug;a” yekafoka .Eremamqfjka lEug;a
mqreoq jq w;r” wosk m<osk weoqus wdhs;a;us
ish,a,u tx.,ka;h yd wefursldfjka
wdkhkh l, tajd jsh' tmuKla fkdj
iqmsrs me,eka;shg muKla f.!rj lrk
Tyq .usokjs j,ska meusKs ks<OdrSkag” fid,aodoqjkag ie,l=fjs w;m,af,ka .sh
Wkag fuks' fndfydafofkl= jsiska Tyq
ms<sl=,a l, m%Odk fya;=jla jqfha thhs'
uE;os mqj;am;a u.ska m,jq msx;=rhl ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d ks, ksji ;=, b;d
jgskd ve,afusIka jrA.fha rg n,af,l=
iqr;,a lrkjd oel.kakg ,enqks' ta
Tyqf.a i;aj lreKdj fmkajSu ioyd
jqjo we;a; th fkdfjs' hk hk ks, ksji
fj; b;d jgskd n,af,l= /f.k hk Tyq
31
m%:ufhka lrkafka ta lojqre y;ros.aNd.
fhau isgsk n,a,ka iuq, >d;kh lrk
f,ihs' ks<Odrska iy finΩka iqr;,a
lrk” ys,EjS we;s tl n,af,la j;a b;srs
lsrSug fkdfokafka Tjqkaf.ka ;udf.a rg
n,a,dg frda. fndajsh yels nj mjiusks'
cjsfm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jq yuqod
l=uka;%Kh widrA:l jq miq osh;a lr
we;s fuu l=uka;%Khg oek fyda fkdoek
tcdmho iydh fohs’ uE;los ir;a
f*dkafiald uy;d weursldjg f.dia
ckdOsm;sjrKhg fmkS isgSug wjYH
wjirh iy uqo,a weursldkq rdcHfhka
,ndf.k meusKsfha oskqfjd;a ckdOsm;s
jS weursldjg rsis mrsos rg md,kh
lrkakgh’ mrdch jqjfyd;a weursldjg
wjYH mrsos fuu rg f,dalh yuqfjs mdjdoS
wm rfgs hqO jsrejka cd;Hdka;r hqO
wOslrKhg f.khdugh’ Tjqkg wjk;
fkdjq ckdOsm;s uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud
fmdarlhg hejSugh’
ir;a f*dkafiald jsiska 1989 NSIK
iufha b;du;a wudkqIsl f,i cjsfm
idudcslhska urd oeuq yegs cjsfm oeka
fkdokakdfia isgs cjsfm idudcslhka jooS
urdoeuqjd muKla fkdj bka wk;=rej
mjq,a j, isgs iqrEmS nsrskaoEjre” fidhqrshka
iy oshKshka f*dkafiald Tyqf.a lusiem
ioyd mrsyrkhg f.k Tyqf.a fiiq
ks<OdrSkago finΩkago ta wmrdO lsrSug
bvoS n,disgsfhah'
fujr Pkaoh oSug fmr ie,lsh hq;=
m%Odku lreK jkafka ;ud Pkaoh
mdjspsps lrk mqoa.,hd f,dal OrAuhg
wkqj fydo fkdfydo okakjdo hkak .ek
fidhd ne,Suhs’ usksia cSjs; j, jgskdlu” usksiqkaf.a oql” idrOrAu” l, .=K yoqkk
mqoa.,fhl=o hkakhs’
32
f,a iqj| fydoska yqre mqreoq cjsfm Tjqkg lsisoskl m%cd;ka;%jdoSj ,nd.ekSug fkdyels n,h ,nd.ekSug jsjsO wdldrfhka orK W;aidyfha ;=kajk wjia:dj jk fuu ckm;sjrKfhaos rfgs nqoaOsu;a ck;dj fujr b;d nqoaOsu;aj Pkaoh Ndjs;d l< hq;=j we;’ tu.ska wm rg ksoyia m%cd;ka;%jdos rgla f,i ;sfnkjdo” ke;akus W.kavdj fuka n,fhka Wu;= jq” nsysiqKq yuqod wd{dodhlfhl= nsyslr fus idulduS foaYh kej;;a f,a js,la lrkjdo hkak ;SrKh jkq we;’
i;H f;dr;=re weiqfrks'