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Benefits of Dairy for Health,
According to Asian Dietary
Guidelines
Guansheng Ma Chief, Professor
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
School of Public Health, Peking University
Outline
Production and consumption of dairy
products in Asian and Pacific regions
Health effects of dairy consumption
Dairy in dietary guidelines
Nutritional value of dairy
• a kind of natural food with complete nutritional
ingredients and appropriate nutritional composition
• high quality protein, vitamin A, vitamin B2 and
calcium
• the best source of calcium
• easy digestion and absorption
• important role in diets
Growth rate of milk production in Asian and Pacific Regions in 1980-2013
4,5
1,5
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
Asian and Pacific regions global
Gro
wth
rate(%
)
During the period of 1980-2013, the milk production in Asian and
Pacific regions increased by 4.5% yearly, which much faster than that
of global average increasing rate 1.5%.
Milk production in Asian and Pacific Regions in 2013
38%
62%
Asian and Pacific regions
other regions
In 2013, the milk production in Asian and Pacific regions
reached 0.29 billion tons, accounting for 38% of the total global
production. Asia have become the largest milk production
region replaced Europe.
Packaged Dairy products Liquid milk
Regions Growth rate(%) Regions Growth rate(%)
Global +0.7 America Decreased
China +2.7 Japan -1.4
India +5.3 Canada -0.7
America Increased European Union Decreased
Oceania Increased
Growth rate of packaged dairy products
and liquid milk in 2014 (%)
Butter and other Cheese
Regions Growth rate(%) Regions Growth rate(%)
Global +0.7 European Union +1.9
Europe +2.7 America +2.8
Russia +5.3 Russia +17.7
China +18.2
India +106.4
Growth rate of butter and cheese in 2014
(%, compared with 2013)
The yield of global butter and other products (cream, ghee, etc.) was more
than 10 million tons, the production of India accounted for almost half of
the global market (47%)
The yield of global cottage Cheese was 22 million tons, European Union and
the United States accounted for 46% and 26% of global production, the
production of China and India was still in low level.
Production of milk powder and fermented dairy products in 2014
5
1,5
1,1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Global New Zealand China
Pro
du
ction
of m
ilk p
ow
der/m
illion
ton
s
The main producing countries are New Zealand,
China, Brazil and Europe Unions.
Consumption of Dairy Products
50
78
270
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Africa Asia Europe
Per
cap
ita/y
ear
con
sum
ptio
n (k
g)
Per capita/year consumption of Dairy (kg)
Dietary Guideline
the nutrition recommendations to help people make
healthy food choices and serve as the foundation for
vital nutrition policies and programs.
Many countries have developed their dietary
guidelines in order to improve the nutrition and
health of people.
Recommended dairy products in Australia
Milk, Yoghurt, Cheese and/or alternatives, mostly reduced fat
The recommended dairy products in US
Choose low-fat dairy products
Recommended dairy products in Canada
Drink skim, 1%,or 2% milk
each day: Have 500 (2 cups) of
milk everyday for adequate
vitamin D
Dairy products: 3 times a day
The recommended dairy products
EnglandNetherlands
Austria
The recommended dairy products
Milk: 3 servings
Ireland
Milk, cheese, yogurt:
choose any 3 dairy
products daily
Turkey
The recommended dairy products
Poland Greece
Emphasize the importance of
milk and dairy.
Dairy: Moderate
portions daily weeklyMilk, cheese, yogurt:
choose any 3 dairy
products daily
Recommended dairy products in Africa
Dairy: Moderate portions daily to weekly
Australian Dietary GuidelinesEvidence statement Grade
Consumption of at least two serves per day of dairy foods (milk, yoghurt, and cheese) is associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction.
B
Consumption of two or more serves of dairy foods per day is associated with reduced risk of stroke. B
Consumption of three serves of low fat dairy foods is associated with reduced risk of hypertension. B
Consumption of more than one serve of dairy foods per day, especially milk, is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer.
B
Consumption of three or more serves of milk per day is not associated with risk of renal cell cancer B
Consumption of three serves of any milk, cheese or yoghurt products a day is associated with reduced risk of hypertension.
C
Consumption of two to four serves of dairy foods per day is associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome.
C
Consumption of at least one and a half serves of dairy foods (milk, yoghurt, cheese) per day is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.
C
Consumption of more than one serve of milk per day is associated with reduced risk of rectal cancer.
C
Consumption of dairy products (particularly milk) is associated with improved bone mineral density
C
Recommended dairy products in China
Hong Kong, China
Taiwan, China
Eat Moderately
Low-fat dairy products:
1.5-2 cups (240/cup)
Dairy products 300g
Recommended dairy products in India
The recommended dairy products
Sri LankaKorea
Have milk each day
Singapore
The recommended dairy products
Bangladesh
Meat &Alternatives: 3
servings, ½ should come
from dairy or other high
calcium products
Dairy products
&Alternatives: 2-3
servings Eat
Moderately
Malaysia
Milk and milk
products: 1-3 servings
The recommended dairy products
ThailandJapan
Milk: 2 servings Milk: 1-2 Glass (e s)
Benefits of Dairy for Health
beneficial effect of regularly consumption of dairy products on
bone health, physical development among both children, and
obesity or non-communicable disease control and prevention.
important contributing factors in improving the nutrition
status of people in Asia, especially for children.
dairy products can promote children’s physical and mental development, increase calcium intake, play an active role in the development of bone and teeth.
dairy products is helpful for the prevention of osteoporosis.
Dairy products promote the increase of bone mineral density
18.0
18.8
17.3
16.5
17.0
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.0
全身
增长率
（%）
实验组1
实验组2
对照组 8.3
9.61
7.99
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
全身
增长率（%）
实验组1
实验组2
对照组
Growth rate of bone mineral content
(BMC) before and after intervention
757 girls aged at 10~12, experimental period: a whole year
Group 1: high calcium milk 560mg/day; Group 2: high calcium milk 560mg/
day +VD5ug/day
Du X，2004
Growth rate of bone mineral density
(BMD) before and after intervention
Growth rate(%)
Growth rate(%)
Group 1
Group 2
Control
group
Group 1
Group 2
Control
group
Effect of dairy intake on mental development
Long-term dairy intake: consumed dairy products more than 4 times per week more than 1year; or 1 to 3 times a week more than 3 yearDrinking less dairy products
China, 2010, school student aged 10~12
13
13
14
14
15
15
长期饮奶 较少饮奶
临床
记忆
量表
得分
13
13
14
14
15
15
长期饮奶较少饮奶
临床
记忆
量表
得分
Image free recall Memory quotient
Long-term dairy
intake
Long-term dairy
intakeless dairy intake less dairy intake
Clin
ical mem
ory
scale score
Clin
ical mem
ory
scale score
Dairy intake reduced the risk of breast cancer
• Systematic review, including 18 cohort study
• dairy products: liquid milk, yogurt, cheese, butter and other dairy products;
• Objective: follow-up of 1063471 cases, incidence of 24187 cases; 15 ~ 90 years old;
• Results：
Relative risk of breast cancer （RR）
dairy products: 0.85（95%CI=0.76-0.95）
Low fat dairy products： 0.84（95%CI=0.73-0.96）
Dose-response relationship
Each 200 g/d dairy intake can significantly reduce the risk of 4% of breast cancer.
Dong JY，2010
Dairy intake and other cancer risk
Reduce the risk Increase the risk
Factors Cancer Factors Cancer
Sufficient
Probable Milk Colorectal
cancer
High dietary
calcium[1,2]
Prostate cancer
Limited - indicative Milk Bladder
cancer
Milk and dairy
products [1]
Cheese
Prostate cancer
Colorectal cancer
Note:[1] Only in high calcium intake group (about 15 g per day or more), has
obvious effect. (Evidences from countries with high calcium and dairy
products intake).
[2]Including diet containing natural calcium and fortified calcium.
[3]Milk and cheese. Different nutritional composition and consumption
patterns will lead to different results.
Dairy Consumption and HealthAssociation with health observed population Grade
milk Consumption of whole milk and its products is not associated with risk of breast cancer; Consumption of low fat milk and its products is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer.
1184236 female from China, USA and Europe
B
Consumption of milk and its products is associated with improved bone mineral density of the adult, but is not associated with improved bone mineral density of the children.
2091 children from China, USA and Europe, and 2733 adults from USA
B
yogurt Consumption of yogurt is associated with relieved lactose intolerance
529 from China, USA and Europe
B
Consumption of yogurt is associated with improved constipation
801 from China, Malaysia, USA and Europe
B
Consumption of yogurt is associated with improved helicobacter pylori eradication
3013 from China, Japan, Korea, Turkey, USA and Europe
B
Grades – A: convincing association, B: probable association, C: suggestive association
The recommended dairy products
The recommended dairy products in AsianCountry Description Value
China 300g per day 300gTaiwan, China
Prefer low-fat dairy products1.5-2 cups (240/cup)
TurkeyAdults should consume 2 servings. Prefer milk with no fat or low fat, yogurt and cheese with low salt.
2 servings /day
Korean Have milk each day1cup (200/cup)
BangladeshDairy products &Alternatives: 2-3 servings Eat Moderately
2-3 servings
Malaysia Have enough milk and dairy products 1-3 servingsJapan
Have enough milk and dairy products 2 servings
ThailandHave enough milk and dairy products
1-2 Glass
Philippines Should consume milk and dairy products
Sri Lanka Have milk each day
Singapore Meat &Alternatives: 3 servings, ½ should come from dairy or other high calcium product
Summary
Dairy production are increasing
USA and European countries (>500 mL or mg)
Asian 200 mL (g) to 300 mL (g)
Dairy consumption are beneficial for health
