- 1. Kazakhstancontent . 1 1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 . 7 1. 9 2. (1318) 9 3.
(1819) 10 4. (19171990) 10 5. 12 . 13 1. 15 2. 22 . 25 1. 27 2. 28
3. 28 4. 31 5. 32 . 37 1. 39 2. 40 3. 44 4. 46
2. . 55 1. - 57 2. 58 3. 58 4. 61 5. - 61 6. ODA 64 . 67 1. 69
2. 72 . 73 1. - 75 2. - 75 . 77 79 - (2003.11.13, ) 80 -
(2004.9.20, ) 85 - (2009.5.13, ) 92 3. - - 4. . 3 1 : (Republic of
Kazakhstan) : (Astana, : 69 - 2010 ) 1997.12 : (Almaty : 150) : 272
( 9, 12) () : (6,467)(1,460)(2,300) (980)(380)(600) : 1,620(2010 )
: (63.5)(73.3) : (1,010, 63%), (379, 23.6%), (46, 2.9%), (33,
2.0%), (22, 1.4%), (20, 1.2%), (18, 1.1%) () 10(0.6%) 8 : (), : ,
() (2010 ) - GDP : 1,415 - 1 GDP : 8,735 - : 7% / : 7.1% - : 5.8% -
: 927( 608 / 319) - : 1 USD = 146.05(Tenge)(2011.7) : ( 9, : 398 ,
: 1,243 5. 4 ), ( 17, : 1.82), , ( 1) , , , (2), ( 3) : 1991.12.16
: 2 (AstanaAlmaty)14 2 272 . - (6,467) , , . - 7,010m (Khan Tengri)
4,500m 2,0003,000m . 1950 . . 6. . 5 - (Ustyurt) (Kyzylkum) -
(Balkash) (Bethakdala) - (Ili) 4 3 . - (1 -18C) (1 -3C) - (7 20
24C) (7 2830C) , . 7. - - 8. . 9 1 BC 1,5001,000 . BC 500 (Saka) .
( ) BC 200 (Huns) 550750 (Turkic) . (Kok Turk) 2 (1318) 12181221 ()
. (Golden Horde), (White Horde) (Mogulistan) () 15 (White Horde) .
9. 10 - (Great Horde : ), (Middle Horde : ), (Little Horde : ) 3
300 3 18 . 3 (1819) 3 18 (Dzungarian) 1731 . , 19 8 . 19 1860 . 4
(19171990) 1917 1920 10. . 11 , . 19241925 , 1925.4 . (1940 97% )
1936.12 . 1950 80 1960 930 43%, 29% (Zhumabay Shayakhmetov)
(Dinmukhamed Konayev) . 1986 (Gennady Kolbin) (Semipalatinsk)
(Baykonur) . - 1989 (Semipalatinsk Movement) 1989 11. 12 5 1989
1990.4 1991.12.1 98.7% . 1990 . - 1991.12 12.16 12.21 (CIS) [
(1990)] 1990.10.25 1991.12.1 ( ) 1991.12.16 1991.12.21 (CIS) 1992.3
UN 1993.1 1995.8.30 1997.12.10 (Akmola Astana) 1999.1.10 ( )
1999.10.12 (Tokayev) 2002.1.29 (Tasmagambetov) 2003.6.13 (Akhmetov)
2005.8.19 2005.12.4 ( ) 2007.5 ( ) 2007.8.18 2011.4.3 ( 4 ) 12. - -
13. . 15 1 . 1993.1 , 1995.8.30 , , 1998.10 , 2007.5 , . , , , 9 ,
, , . . 2007.5 7 5 , ( ) . . - 18 () 3565/15 - 12 - 1 50% 14. 16 2
2 (2 ) 1 - - , , - , - 2/3 1 ( 53 4) - 1 ( 61 2) - . 1) (1)
(Senate) : 47( 6) - 14(Oblast) 2 () 15. . 17 2 15 - 3 1/2 ( : 30 ,
5 ) . (2) (Majilis) : 107( 5) - 25 - 98 , 9 (Assembly of the People
of Kazakhstan) 1995.3 2007 2) (1) 1 2/3 - 2/3 1 16. 18 - 1/5 2/3
2/3 6 2/3 (2) , (3) , , (Highest Judicial Council) 2 (4) , 17. . 19
(5) 7 - . 10 . - - . - - , , , , . . (Constitutional Council) - 6 -
, , 2 18. 20 - 6 3 1/2 - - , 20% , - . 1) - (Supreme Court),
(Provincial Court), (Local Court) - 75 4 - - (Qualification
Collegium of Justice) 19. . 21 2) (Highest Judicial Council) : 3)
(Qualification Collegium of Justice) , , , , . - 2 14 (Oblast)
(Maslikhat) - 4( 20 ) - , , - (Akim) - - 20. 22 2 . , . 200007 10%
, . - , , . , EU , . - , OSCE 2010 - , , . (2005.12) 2005.12 91% .
- 10% 21. . 23 - - . . (2007.5) (2007.8) 2007.5 ,
(super-presidency) . [ ] ( 3947, 77107) 2007.6 2007.8 ( 7% ). .
2010 OSCE 2010 OSCE OSCE . - 2007.8 OSCE 22. 24 , , 2009.2 , , , ,
NGO, , (7%) 2 - ( ) 2010.6 . . (2011.4) 4 2010.12 2020 , .
2011.1.31 2011.4.3 . 9,191,977 95.5% 4 . 23. - - 24. . 27 1 . , ,
EU (multi-vector diplomacy) . . - (CICA) , - 1993 2006 - 2008.10
ACD , 2008.10 - - 2010 OSCE - 2011 (SCO) , (OIC) , , , . . 5 , 25.
28 2 (CIS), (CSTO), (SCO), EurAsEc() . 1993.3 , (CICA : Conference
on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia) . - 2 CICA
CICA , 2008.6.911 CICA 2006.6.17. 2 CICA CICA , , . 3 . 6,467km ,
380 , 160 ( 20% ), , 26. . 29 . - 10 , , CIS . CIS 200608 CIS
2010.1.1 -- 3 . . (SCO) , - . - - , , 30% . - - (CNPC) (CIC) ,
(KMG) (MMG) 27. 30 - 2,300km ()- , -- , . . , . 2001 , , , ( 110 ).
- (BTC , ) , , (Northern Distribution Network) ( ). 28. . 31 . EU
EU . - 2008 Way to Europe 2007 EU , , . - EU , BTC , . , EU . , .
(, ) (, , ) 4 9.11 , 29. 32 . 2005.7.5 (SCO) , , EU, . 2009 (CSTO)
CSTO , 20 , ( ) . 5 . (CICA : Conference on Interaction and
Confidence-Building Measures in Asia) 1992.7 OSCE 1992.10 47 UN
OSCE . 2 CICA 2006.6.166.17 . - (20) : , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
, , , (06.6 ), , 30. . 33 - (9 3 ) : , , , , , , , , , UN, OSCE,
CICA OSCE , ARF(ASEAN Regional Forum) CICA OSCE ARF . . (CSTO :
Collective Security Treaty Organization) CIS , , , , . - 1992.5.15
6 (, , , , , ) , 2003.4.28 () . 1995 51 2002.10.7 . - 2003.12.26 ,
2003.7 () CSTO , 2009 1 31. 34 . (SCO: Shanghai Cooperation
Organization) 1996.4 5(, , , , ) () 2001.6.14 2001.6.15 6 . SCO CIS
, , , , , . 2006.6 SCO () , WMD , SCO 5 SCO , surrounding border
diplomacy . , 2011.6 SCO 10 . . (EurAsEc : Eurasian Economic
Community) . (6) : , , , , , 32. . 35 (3) : , , , , , CIS (Common
Economic Space) (2003.9). - 2010.1.1 -- 2008.11 EurAsEc CSTO .
GUUAM(Georgia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Armenia, Moldova) - 2000 , , ,
, 5 GUUAM , FTA - GUUAM EurAsEc - GUUAM GUUAM - 2006 GUUAM 33. - -
34. . 39 1 2000 , 2000-07 10% . 2007.9 2008 3.2%, 2009 1.2% . 2010
7% , 2011.1-5 6.7% . , 2009 2015 , , , , , , , . - , 30 - 2009.1
35. 40 < > () 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 G D P 632.6 851.2
1,031 1,349 1,114 1,415 9.7% 10.7% 8.5% 3.2% 1.2% 7.0% 1 GDP $3,700
$5,100 $6,800 $8,400 $6,919 $8,735 (%) 7.6 8.4 10.8 9.5 7.3 7.1
132.8 127.3 122.1 120.77 148.2 147.4 () 452.0 619.2 795.7 1,091 728
927 278.4 382.5 469.7 712 440 608 173.5 236.7 326.0 379 288 319
104.9 145.8 143.7 333 152 289 ( , %) 4.1 7.8 7.5 6.4 6.3 5.8 (,
National Fund ) 153 335 388 469 450 589 : , , EIU, CIA 2 ( ) 2008 ,
, , . - 2008.10 - 2008.11 10 (Distressed Asset Fund) - (2009- 2010)
: 40, 30, 10, 36. . 41 10, 10 - : BTA - 2009.2.4 1 120 1 150(3% ) -
2009.1.1 , , ( 30% 15%) ( ) . - 2010 , , , - , () 2009 3% 2010 2.6%
, 2011 GDP 2.5% . - 2011 2011.1.1 ($40/, 2010.8 2 ) (12-18%) - -
GDP 2012 2.5%, 2013 1.5% - , Brent $65 , , 2015 () 2009 37. 42 . -
2009.9 7% , - 7% 18 2011.3.9 7.5% - 2011 6-8% , 6-8% () GDP 2009
1.2% 2010 7% . - 9.6%, 6.0% , - - 11.7% , 1% - 2011 GDP 5.4% , , -
2011 () 2010 7.1% . - 2010 2011 , 6-8% () 2009.2 2008 20% 38. . 43
150(+-3%) . - 2010.2 127.5-165 , 2011.2.28 - 2011 () 2009.1 162
2010.4 266 , 2011.2 302 - National Fund 589 () 2010 49 (2009 42 )
2011-2015 . - : 2009 152 2010 290 - 2010 , ( ) 2011 20 , 2011.1.1 1
GDP 9,000 1994 700 12 , 2009 . - , 2010.1.1 10 38% ( 52.4% ) , 25%
- , -- 3 2012.1 (CES) , 39. 44 3 , . , EU , . , EU WTO , . - , --
WTO WTO 2015 350 ( : 1 230 ) , . - 1,620 85% , . - 2005.12.5 , 40.
. 45 - , 2005.12 1,000km , 2006.6 BTC(--) BTC , CIS . (SCO) . -
2003.3 Atyrau-Kenkyak 450km (1.6) , 2005.12 Atasu-Alashenko 986km 2
- 2005.12 2 1 , 2011 2 2 - 2005.8 (CNPC) 41.8 , - (Economic
Cooperation Organization : ECO) , . 41. 46 4 . 1) 2010 398 ( 9)
1.8(13). 3040% 2/3 . , , , . 2) ( 2) - : 43.7 (80$/kgU), 16.2
(80130$/kgU) (OECD/ IAEA ) - 2010 32.4%(17,803) 1 - 18 ( 12 ) , 6(,
, , , , ) JV(Joint Venture) ( : ) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
4,357 4,933 7,103 8,675 14,020 17,803 42. . 47 ( ) - (19%), (7%),
(6%), (25%), (2.5%), (22.4%), (1.2%), (20.8%) (* ) - , , <
()> (A) (B) A/B(%) 436.62 2,619.31 16.7 2 100 1,107 9.0 2 14 470
2.9 11 30 220 13.6 3 5,000,000 67,000,000 7.4 4 5,000 330,000 1.5 6
4 170 8.2 6 50,000 600,000 8.3 5 190 2,400 7.9 4 130,000 8,600,000
1.5 8 () 3,300 79,000 4.2 7 < (2010)> 2010 110,806 79,518
37,142,000 24,229 31,710 5,091,000 214,000 1,867 318,800 103,110 :
43. 48 . 1991 57() 90 . - 1990 - 1995 . - 2002 6 - 1,500(30b/d), --
250 (5) (15) - 2001 CPC 1998 15% , 2010 175 , 26 149 . - 100b/d , ,
44. . 49 < > 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 ()
250 396 396 398 398 398 398 398 398 ( ) 744 1,111 1,297 1,356 1,426
1,490 1,554 1,688 1,757 ( ) 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.90 1.90 1.9 1,8 1.9 1.8 (
) n/a 162 219 252 257 264 302 325 336 : BP, Statistical Review of
World Energy, EIU Country Report . - 40% , , 2015 350 . - Tengiz
70, Kurmangazy 60, Karachagan 50 - Kashagan (2012 , 2018 150 ) ) ,
, 3 , 40. - Atyrau - 5060% 45. 50 < > (b/d) (b/d, 2002)
Atyrau Pavlodar Shymkent 106 163 132 27 38 78 KazMunayGaz
KazMunayGaz PKOP* Kondensat PetroPavlovsk Ust-Kamenogorsk
Karachaganak 9 10 10 8 0 0 0 () Kondensat KPO** Kapchagay Mangistau
Zhanazhol 0.6 150 50 Kazakh Oil * PKOP : PetroKazakhstan Oil
Product ** KPO : Karachaganak Petroleum Operating *** : Wood
Mackenzie, EIA, International Oil Letter . . 20032015 , 120 , 2015
3 . - 1(20032005) : ( , ) - 2(20062010) : , , , 46. . 51 -
3(20112015) : ( : 2015 1.8 ) . 1) . - , 30 ( 60-90 ) ( 130) , . -
2001.11 CPC ( 1,580), BTC (2) 2018 - Eni Agip-KCO 2008 , , ( 30)
CPC - (KMG) 990, 20 () 3 . 47. 52 - - - - - CPC - CPC - 100 2) -
2009 - ( 20 ) - 2006.6 ()-()-() (BTC) , (KCTS: Kazakhstan Caspian
Transport System) - 1996 , , EU , . - (--) , - KCTS , ( () ) 48. .
53 () Atyrau- Samara Atyrau()- Samara()(695km) - 300 b/d -500 b/d
(28) - $2 -CPC Zhanazhol- Kenkiyak- Orsk Zhanazhol-Kenkiyak
()-Orsk() (400km) -130 b/d (12, 20) - - - Omsk- Chardz hev
Omsk()-Atasu () -Shymkent-Chardzh ev () (1,970km) -840440 b/d (40,
30) - - -Shymkent-Chardzhev CPC (Caspian Pipeline Consortium)
Tengiz() - Astrakhan() - Novorossiysk (, ) (1,580km) - 560 b/d (03
310 ) -15, 1.4 b/d (28 42) -$26 (1) - $42 Karachaganak- Atyrau
Karachaganak - Bolshoi Chagan-Atyrau (635km) -89 b/d - -CPC BTC
(Baku - Tbilisi - Cehyan) Baku()- Tbilisi ()- Ceyhan () (1,767km) -
500 b/d -1.4 b/d (34 46) - $30 -05.5, 06 - ACG (Kashagan )
Kenkiyak- Atyrau Kenkiyak-Atyrau 448 km ( 3,000km ) -120 b/d (24)
-$2.23 (1) - CPC Atyrau- Samara - Atasu() -Alashankou ()
Atasu-Alashankou 962km (- 3,000km ) -200 b/d (28) -3 400 b/d -$8
(2) -3 $30 -05.12.15 . 450 bbl 06.5 - - - Tengiz or Uzen-
Turkmenbashi- Neka() - Teheran (1,200km) -1 b/d () -$21 -99 Total
-Neka-Teheran swap Central Asia -- - -1 b/d () -$25 - -
Trans-Caspian Tengiz() - - Baku() - 200 b/d - 1 b/d - $25 -Baku BTC
-Kashagan [ ] 49. 54 . (KazMunaiGaz) . - , , , 2002.2 Kazakhoil
Trans- NefteGaz . - - - , , , 2006 PetroKazakhstan 33%, Kazgermunay
25% . - 2005 CNPC PetroKazakhstan $55 33% - PetroKazakhstan Kumkol
9 (7 100%) 15b/d - Kazgermunay Akshabulak, Nuraly, Aksay $10 50%
CNPC - Shymkent PetroKazakhstan Oil Products 50% 2006.9 IPO 20 ,
Karazhanbas CITIC Canada Energy Ltd. (CCEL) 50% , 2009.1
MangistauMunaiGas(MMG) 50%+ 2 . 50. - - 51. . 57 1 - - 1992.1.28 .
, . 19952001 ( ) 2 6 8 6 1997 2003.11 2004.9 . 1993 , , UN . 2009.5
, . 2010.4 . 52. 58 2 1991.12.30 1992. 1.28 ( ) 1993. 7.12 ( : )
1996.10.16 (2 : ) 1999.11. 3 (3 : ) 2002.10.11 (4 : ) 2005. 9.29
(5) 2009. 3.12 (6) 3 1990.11 1992. 7 1995. 5 1997.10 1 2000. 6
2000. 9 2001. 8 2002. 4 2002. 9 2002.10 53. . 59 2002.11 2003.11
2004. 3 (1 ) 2004. 5 2004. 7 2004. 7 2004. 7 2004. 9 2004.10
2004.11 2005. 1 2005. 4 2005. 4 2005. 4 2005. 5 (6 ) 2005. 8 2005.
9 2005.12 ( ) 2005.12 ( ) 2006. 1 ( ) 2006. 3 2006. 4 2006. 4 2006.
6 (CICA ) 2006. 9 2006. 9 2006.12 54. 60 2007. 3 2007. 3 2007. 5 1
2007. 6 2007. 7 2007. 8 (BIE ) 2007.11 2007.11 ( ) 2008. 2 ( )
2008. 3 2008. 5 2008. 7 ( 10 ) 2008. 7 2008. 8 2008. 8 2 (3 CICA )
2008. 8 2008.10 (3 ACD ) 2009.4 2009.4 (4 ) 2009.5 2009.7 2009.7 (7
) 2009.8 2009.10 (UN ) 2009.10 2009.12 (3 - ) 2010.3 2010.4 55. .
61 2010.4 1 2010.10 2010.10 2010.12 (OSCE ) 2011.1 2011.5 4 1992.7
(92.7.3 ) 1995.5 (97.2.13 ), (95.6.15 ) 1996.3 (06.12.26 ) 1999.4
(99.4.9 ) 2003.11 (), () 2004.9 (10.8 ) 2007.6 (08.12 ) 2010.4
(11.5 ) 5 - . 1992 1.1 2000 , 2009 4.2 , 2010 9.3 124% . 56. 62 ( :
, %) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(1-6) 514,163 (-0.74)
599,697 (16.6) 807,794 (34) 698,193 (-13.0) 474,352 (-32.0) 938,324
(97.8) 496,612 272,558 (-13.2) 323,815 (18.8) 551,027 (70) 347,736
(-36.3) 307,991 (-11.4) 604,390 (96.2) 309,432 241,605 (18.4)
275,882 (14.2) 256,767 (-6) 350,457 (36.5) 166,361 (-52.5) 333,934
(100.7) 187,180 30,953 47,933 294,260 -2,721 141,630 270,456
122,252 ( ) : KOTIS, WTA, KITA , , , , , . 2010 2010 ($) ($) 1
224,384 190,414 2 89,524 127,862 3 56,749 10,966 4 32,125 2,256 5
31,020 758 6 29,417 665 7 22,163 535 8 17,839 159 * : (MTI 2) 57. .
63 . 1991 2010 27.4. - 2006 - 2008 BCC [ ()] 2005.2 2005.11 LG
1994.5 1993.1 1991.1 LG 2004.7 LG SK 2005.2 SK 2004.6 2006,2 2004.7
2008 -BCC 2008 2008 58. 64 . - , , LG, SK, , . - 2004.3 , 2006.9
2008.5 - 2009.5 . 2002 , 960 , 2008 . 6 ODA , , , . 1992 2010
3,100, 1996 2 EDCF 5,100 . 2009.11 OECD/DAC UMIC() 59. . 65 KOICA
2011.2 . 2010 , 92 273 . 2010 (2009-2010/200) (92) (26) 60. . - -
61. . 69 1 : 10 (105, 235, 2010 ) . 1850 , . 1917.10 1920 1930 , ,
, . - , , , , 1937 . - 1930 250 60 . - , , ( ) 2007 70 62. 70 . 10
1937 24 . - , , (), , (2010.9 ), (2005.3 ) , 2000 10% . , ( ), , TV
CIS . - , 24 - 63. . 71 . - 1990 20 - 2004.12 - 23 20 - 1923.3.1 4
(1938.5.151990.12.31) 1999.1 . 12( : ) 1 2,500( 11, 5 ) - , -
1932.9 1937 1939 - 100( ) CIS 23 , , 64. 72 - 2002 70 - 2007 75 -
TV 1984.5 3( : ) 2 20 - TV TV - TV 1991.2 4( : ) 12 20 KBS 2 :
2,000 1992 2,000 . - , , 2008 2009 - , , , , 65. - - 66. . 75 1 -
1992.1 1992.12 . - - 1998.2 2000.11 . 2 - - (93.6), (95.2), (95.8)
- (96.11), (97.4) 1999 -21 . - 2001.6 - (1997.4 ) - 1999 2000 ,
2001 2002 - 2007.9 70 - 2008.11 - 2007 100, 2008 23. 67. * * - - -
68. . 79 69. 80 - (2003.11.13, ) 2003 11 12 14 . 2003 11 13 . 1.
1995 5 16 , , , . 2. 1992 12 , , , , . 3. . , . 4. (CICA) , , , , .
5. . , , , , . 70. . 81 6. , , , , . 7. , . 11 10 . 8. , , . 9. , ,
, . 10. UN, WTO WTO . 11. , , . 12. . . 71. 82 Joint Statement of
the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the
Occasion of the Official Visit to the Republic of Korea by the
President of Republic of Kazakhstan November 12-14, 2003 At the
invitation of His Excellency, Mr. ROH Moo-hyun, President of the
Republic of Korea, His Excellency Mr. Nursultan Nazarbaev,
President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, paid an official visit to
the Republic of Korea on 12-14 November 2003. In their summit held
in Seoul on 13th November, the two Leaders engaged in an in-depth
exchange of views on issues of mutual interest. 1. Both side agreed
to develop the friendly and cooperative relationship between the
two countries on the basis of the Declaration of General Principles
for Relations and Cooperation signed on May 16 1995, to work
together more closely within the framework of regional and
international organizations and forums, and take their solid
cooperative ties to a higher level in a range of fields including
economy and trade, energy, mineral resources as well as science and
technology, establishing fresh bonds of friendship and cooperation.
2. Both sides expressed satisfaction at the great advances in their
bilateral relations in all fields, including political, economic,
social and cultural areas in the 12 years since diplomatic ties
were established in 1992, and agreed to expand and enhance this
substantial cooperative interaction by fully utilizing the
potential for complementary economic growth with the aim of
reinforcing their friendly and mutually beneficial relationship. 3.
Both sides agreed to make joint efforts to maintain peace and
stability in the Asian region. The Republic of Kazakhstan expressed
its support for the Policy for Peace and Prosperity of the Republic
of Korea which aims to promote peace on the Peninsula and common
prosperity in Northeast Asia as well as the Republic of Koreas
position that the North Korean nuclear issue should be resolved
peacefully through dialogue. 72. . 83 4. The two sides shared the
view that the development of bodies for consultations on regional
security in Asia, including the Conference on Interaction and
Confidence Building Measures in Asia, was constructive and agreed
to work together in the fight against international terrorism,
organized crime, drug trafficking and other types of transnational
crimes. 5. Both sides agreed to actively support exchanges not only
between the governments but also between the peoples and civil
groups of the two countries with the aim of promoting amicable ties
and mutual understanding between the peoples of their two
countries. Both sides agreed to exert their efforts to take the
current bilateral cooperative relations one stage further through
vitalizing systematic exchanges in various areas including
educations, culture, tourism, sports and local governments. 6. Both
sides expressed their satisfaction of the conclusion of the Treaty
on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, the Treaty on
Extradition, the Program for Co- operation in the field of
Education between the Ministry of Education and Human Resources
Development and the Ministry of Education and Science and agreed to
exert efforts to conclude at an early date the treaties and
agreements that are under negotiation between their governments
including the Air Service Agreement, the Agreement on
Implementation of the Korea Overseas Volunteers Program in the
Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Arrangement between the Board of
Audit and Inspection and the Accounts Committee for Control over
Implementation of the Republican Budget with the aim of further
strengthening legal basis for bilateral cooperative relations. 7.
Both sides agreed to identify areas for cooperation in the economic
field and to create a favourable environment for cooperation in the
economic field by promoting consultative bodies in the area of
economy and trade at the governmental level. They also concurred to
deepen their economic and trade cooperation by utilizing the
economic complementarity of the two countries. In this regard, both
sides expressed their satisfaction of the results of the Joint
committee on Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Seoul on 10th
November 2003. 8. Both sides recognized the importance of
collaboration in the field of energy and mineral resources between
the two countries. The Republic of Kazakhstan welcomed the
intention of the Korean companies to participate in the exploration
and exploitation 73. 84 of hydrocarbon deposits and the
construction of the relevant infrastructure such as the Korean oil
and gas consortiums plans for participation in the Caspian oil
project and expressed its intentions to support Korean companies
involvement. 9. Both sides shared the view that joint research and
cooperation are needed in the field of cutting-edge science and
technology, including next-generation information technology,
research and development for the peaceful use of nuclear energy,
and the production of new materials, and agreed to strengthen
exchanges and coordination in these fields. 10. Both sides agreed
to strengthen cooperation within the framework of international
organizations such as the United Nations and World Trade
Organization(WTO) and in this regard, the Republic of Korea
expressed its support for the Republic of Kazakhstans accession to
the WTO in the interest of its incorporation into the global market
economy system. 11. Both sides noted that the ethnic Koreans in
Kazakhstan have contributed significantly to the development of
Kazakhstan and agreed to promote further cultural and ethnical
development of the Korean community in Kazakhstan. 12. Both sides
evaluated President Nursultan Nazarbaevs visit to Korea as a great
success. President Nursultan Nazarbaev expressed his gratitude for
the warm hospitality extended by the Korean government and people
74. . 85 - (2004.9.20, ) 2004 9 19 20 . 1992 , 2003 11 . 2004 9 20
. 1. 1995 5 16 , , , . 2. 2003 11 , , , - , . 3. . , . 4. (CICA) ,
2002 6 1 (CICA) 2004 10 22 CICA . , . 75. 86 5. . , , , , . 6. , ,
, , , . 7. , , . 2004 9 19 , . 8. , , , . 9. . 10. , . 11. UN, WTO
, WTO . 12. . 27 , , , 76. . 87 2004 9 1 . 13. . 14. . . 77. 88
Joint Statement of the Republic of Korea and the Republic of
Kazakhstan on the Occasion of the State Visit to the Republic of
Kazakhstan by the President of the Republic of Korea 19-20
September, 2004 At the invitation of His Excellency, Mr. Nursultan
Nazarbayev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, His
Excellency, Mr. Roh Moo-hyun, President of the Republic of Korea,
paid a state visit to the Republic of Kazakhstan during 19-20
September 2004. This was the first official visit by the President
of the Republic of Korea to Kazakhstan, and a historic one,
commemorating the development of bilateral relations since the
establishment of diplomatic ties in 1992, as well as a visit in
return to the visit of Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan, to the Republic of Korea in November 2003.
In the course of the summit held in Astana on 20 September, the two
Leaders engaged in an in-depth exchange of views on issues of
mutual interest, including ways to further consolidate mutually
beneficial cooperation between the two countries. 1. Both Sides
agreed to further develop friendly and cooperative relations
between the two countries, to strengthen cooperation within the
framework of regional and international organizations on the basis
of the Declaration of General Principles for Relations and
Cooperation signed on 16 May 1995, and to take their substantial
cooperative relations to a higher level in the fields of trade,
energy, mineral resources as well as science and technology. 2.
Both Sides evaluated that President Nazarbayevs visit to the
Republic of Korea in November 2003 greatly contributed to the
development of bilateral relations, expressed satisfaction on the
gradual development of interaction in all fields, including the
political, economic, cultural and humanitarian fields, and intended
to enhance bilateral relations taking into account the mutually
supplementary structures of the two economies. 3. Both Sides agreed
to make joint efforts to maintain peace and stability in Asia and
the 78. . 89 world. The Republic of Kazakhstan reaffirmed its
support for the Policy of Peace and Prosperity of the Republic of
Korea, which aims to promote peace on the Korean Peninsula and
common prosperity in Northeast Asia, as well as the Republic of
Koreas position on the peaceful resolution of the North Korean
nuclear issue through dialogue. 4. Both Sides held the same view
that the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures
in Asia (CICA) plays a constructive role in strengthening regional
security in Asia. Both Sides positively appreciated the results of
the first CICA Summit, held in June 2002 in Almaty, and welcomed
the holding of the Foreign Ministers meeting of the member-states
for the said Conference. Both sides supported the process of
further facilitating dialogue between civilizations and religions.
5. Both Sides agreed to actively promote cooperationnot onlybetween
their governments, but also between their people and civil
organizations with the aim of promoting mutual understanding and
developing friendly relations between the peoples of the two
countries. For this reason, both Sides agreed to hold the meeting
of the Joint Committee on Cultural Cooperation in the near future
and to make efforts for the vitalization of exchanges in all
fields, including education, culture, tourism, sports, as well as
interaction between the regions of the two countries. 6. Both Sides
expressed their satisfaction on the signing of the Agreement on
Peaceful Use of Atomic Energy, the Arrangement on Cooperation in
Informatization and Communication and Arrangement on Cooperation in
Energy and Mineral Resources, and recognized the necessity of
promptly concluding agreements currently under negotiation between
the two governments, including the Agreement between the Government
of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the Republic of
Korea on Aviation Between and Beyond their Respective Territories,
the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
and the Government of the Republic of Korea on Implementation of
the Korea Overseas Volunteers Program in the Republic of
Kazakhstan, and the Arrangement between the Accounting Committee
for Control over Republican Budget of the Republic of Kazakhstan
and the Board of Audit and Inspection of the Republic of Korea. 7.
Both Sides agreed to foster consultations between the governments
in order to intensify and promote trade, economic and investment
cooperation, and to create favorable conditions for enhancing and
promoting exchanges of business persons. In this 79. 90 context,
the two sides expressed their satisfaction with the results of the
Business Forum held on September 19, 2004 in Astana, and agreed to
hold the meeting of the Joint Committee on Trade and Economic
Cooperation in the near future. 8. Both Sides expressed mutual
interest in cooperation for energy and mineral resources, and
agreed to enhance practical cooperation through implementation of
the projects on joint development and exchange of technical
information. The Republic of Kazakhstan welcomed the participation
of Korean companies in the development of oil fields and mineral
resources, including the participation of the Korean Consortium
inthedevelopmentofoilfieldsintheCaspianSea,
aswellasthecreationofinfrastructure, including construction of
petrochemical plants, shipbuilding, and expressed its intention to
render necessary assistance to Korea. 9. Both Sides attached
special importance to cooperation in the field of international
transportation, which positively contributes to greater economic
exchanges between Asia and Europe. 10. Both Sides recognized the
necessity to carry out joint researches in new- generation
information and communication technologies, the peaceful use of
atomic energy, and the elaboration of new cutting-edge technologies
including production of new materials, and agreed to strengthen
cooperation in this field. 11. Both Sides agreed to strengthen
cooperation in international organizations including the United
Nations and the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Republic of
Korea reaffirmed its support for Kazakhstans joining the WTOto
fully integrate into the global market system. 12. Both Sides
agreed to consider the possibility of concluding an Agreement on
Consular Affairs for facilitating entry/exit of the citizens of
both countries between the two territories. Korea highly
appreciated the decision of the Kazakhstani Government of September
1, 2004, to include the Republic of Korea to the category of 27
developed countries, subject to the simplified visa issuance
procedure for single diplomatic, official, business, and tourist
visas without submitting invitations. 13. Both Sides recognized the
contribution of ethnic Koreans in Kazakhstan in strengthening
friendship between the Kazakhstani and Korean people and agreed to
render support for the further ethnic and cultural development of
the Korean society in Kazakhstan. 80. . 91 14. Both Sides highly
evaluated the visit of H.E. Roh Moo-hyun, the President of the
Republic of Korea, to Kazakhstan, which added impetus for the
further development of bilateral relations. H.E. Roh Moo-hyun
expressed his gratitude for the warm hospitality extended by the
Government and people of Kazakhstan. 81. 92 - (2009.5.13, ) 2009 5
12 14 . . 1995 5 16 . 1. , . 2. , , , , , , , . , , IT, , . , , - .
3. , . , . , . , 2008 5 . , 82. . 93 . 2004 9 20 . . (SMART) , . ,
, , , , . 4. , , , , . 5. , . 6. , , , . , (KOICA) . 7. , . , . 8.
. 9. 2011 , 2012 83. 94 . 10. .2006 9 8 . 6 . 11. , (CICA), (ACD),
(OSCE) . (ARF) . 2010 (OSCE) 2011 (OIC) . - , 5 , . 12. , .G-20 . ,
, . 13. . , . . 84. . 95 Joint Statement of the Republic of Korea
and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Occasion of the State Visit
to the Republic of Kazakhstan by the President of the Republic of
Korea 12-14 May, 2009 At the invitation of His Excellency, Mr.
Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, His
Excellency, Mr. Lee Myung-bak, President of the Republic of Korea,
paid a state visit to the Republic of Kazakhstan on 12-14 May 2009.
In their summit, the two Leaders engaged in a broad exchange of
views on the prospects for future cooperation between the Republic
of Korea and the Republic of Kazakhstan and issues of mutual
interest. Both sides affirmed the will to strengthen
multi-dimensional cooperation based on the Declaration of General
Principles for Relations and Cooperation between the Republic of
Korea and the Republic of Kazakhstan signed on May 16, 1995. 1. The
two sides shared the view that the bilateral relations are
developing to a new level and agreed to upgrade the relationship to
a Strategic Partnership, expanding the comprehensive cooperation in
all areas including the political and economic fields, and people
to people exchanges. 2. Both sides agreed to exert efforts to
increase substantial cooperation in diverse areas including trade
and investment, the environment, agriculture, construction of
infrastructure, science and technology, nuclear energy, education
and culture based on bilateral relations as well as through
international and regional organizations. Both sides welcomed the
adoption of the Action Plan on the Promotion of Substantial
Cooperation between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of
Kazakhstan which encompasses specific measures for cooperation in
industry fields with potential between the two countries such as
the construction of infrastructure, agriculture, IT, the
environment and culture. 85. 96 The two sides agreed to create a
favorable environment conducive to increasing interaction between
business representatives to deepen and develop cooperation in the
economy, trade and investment and highly appreciated the results of
the Korea-Kazakhstan Business Forum held on the occasion of
President Lee Myung-baks visit to Kazakhstan. Both sides,
acknowledging the dangers of global climate change, expressed their
will to fully cooperate in the environmental field. The two sides
emphasized the need to expand cooperation for an early transition
to a Low Carbon economy utilizing renewable energy sources and
environmentally friendly technology, as well as to promote
cooperation in the development of renewable energy sources and
environmentally friendly technology 3. Both sides, acknowledging
that energy cooperation is an important element in bilateral
economic cooperation, agreed to explore joint projects in the areas
of energy and natural resources development. With a view to
implementing joint projects on petroleum related fields, the two
sides hoped to expand cooperation in the exploration and
development of hydrocarbon resources, and also to expand
cooperation in the field of uranium on the basis of the Long-Term
Uranium Contract signed in May of 2008. Both Sides welcomed
cooperation between businesses of the two countries to proceed with
the Balkhash Thermal Power Plant Construction Project and shared
the view that the successful implementation of this project will
serve to gradually develop the bilateral economic cooperation in
the future. Both Sides agreed to take necessary measures so that
the Agreement on Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
signed on September 20, 2004 may come into force as early as
possible for increased cooperation in the field of atomic energy.
The Republic of Korea expressed its intention to actively support
the development of Kazakhstans atomic industry. With regard to the
development project of small and medium size nuclear reactors
(SMART), the two sides agreed to promote cooperation in this field
such as joint research and technology verification. Both sides
agreed to strengthen cooperation on medical uses of radiation and,
while implementing joint projects such as radionuclide production,
cyclotron installation, exchange of picture diagnosis technology,
training human resources and supplying equipment for radiation
biology required at the Nuclear Medicine 86. . 97 Biophysics Center
to be established in Almaty, expand cooperation to areas related to
production technology and equipment development on radioactive
medicine. 4. Both sides shared the view that construction of
infrastructure is an important element in continued economic
development and the Republic of Korea expressed support for
Kazakhstans plan to construct a shipping and transportation hub of
the Eurasian continent. The two sides agreed to expand cooperation
in the construction of railroads, metropolitan transportation
facilities and infrastructure. 5. Both sides, focusing on the
importance of international food security, expressed their will to
expand cooperation to strengthen the competitiveness of the two
countries in the field of agriculture. 6. Both sides expressed
satisfaction at the increase of mutual exchanges in the areas of
education and vocational training and agreed to cooperate on
expanding exchanges between students, researchers, faculty and
experts of the universities of the two countries. Both sides agreed
to increase cooperation on sharing Koreas experience regarding ICT
in education for training specialists in Kazakhstan and actively
support cooperation for the construction and operation of the
information technology education center pursued by KOICA and the
Kazakh National Technical University. 7. The two sides, recognizing
the importance of peoples health in the continuous and gradual
national development, agreed to expand cooperation in the field of
health between the two countries. The Republic of Korea welcomed
the reform pursued by Kazakhstan in health related areas and
offered to provide support in the form of special medical equipment
to the medical institutions in the Semipalatinsk region suffering
from the aftermath of nuclear experiments and provide technical
training for relevant medical institutions. 8. The Republic of
Kazakhstan reaffirmed its will to continue to provide the necessary
support for the ethnic community and cultural development of ethnic
Koreans in Kazakhstan. 9. The Republic of Korea offered to provide
necessary support for Kazakhstans successful holding of the 2011
Asian Winter Games and the Republic of 87. 98 Kazakhstan expressed
its intention to actively participate in the 2012 International
Exposition, Yeosu. 10. The two sides engaged in an in-depth
discussion on the international and regional political landscape
and expressed their will to make joint efforts for peace and
security in Asia and the world. The Republic of Korea valued the
active role played by Kazakhstan in the process of adopting the
Central Asian Nuclear-Weapon Free Zone (CANWFZ) Treaty signed on
September 9, 2006. The Republic of Kazakhstan reaffirmed its
support for the Republic of Koreas position to peacefully resolve
the North Korean nuclear issue through the Six-Party Talks while
developing mutually beneficial inter-Korean relations through
dialogue and cooperation. 11. Both sides emphasized the importance
of multilateral cooperation for continued discussions and the
efficient resolution of issues of common interest within the Asian
region and agreed to expand cooperation within the framework of
regional organizations such as CICA, the ACD and OSCE. The Republic
of Korea greatly welcomed Kazakhstans aspiration to join the ARF.
The Republic of Korea extended congratulations to Kazakhstan that
it is to assume the Chairmanship of the OSCE in 2010 and the OIC
Foreign Ministers Meeting in 2011. The two sides shared the view
that the regular holding of the Korea-Central Asia Cooperation
Forum has been to the benefit of the participants and has increased
the practical cooperation between Korea and the five Central Asian
countries and agreed to actively explore specific areas of
cooperation. 12. Both sides expressed concern at the deteriorating
international financial and economic situation which has a negative
effect on national economic develop- ment and shared the view that
the international economic crisis can be overcome through agreement
among the members of the international community. The Republic of
Kazakhstan recognized the efforts made by Korea in addressing the
world financial crisis including the role played within the
framework of the G-20 Summit. The two sides concurred on the
importance of international cooperation in addressing the new
threats in the international community such as international
terrorism and transnational crimes and agreed to promote trust and
to expand exchanges and cooperation in this field. 88. . 99 13.
Both sides welcomed the state visit by President Lee Myung-bak to
Kazakhstan as providing a valuable opportunity for the gradual
development of the bilateral relations. The Republic of Korea
expressed its gratitude for the warm hospitality and extended an
invitation to President Nazarbayev to visit Korea at a convenient
time. President Nazarbayev accepted the invitation with gratitude.
Astana September 13, 2009
