35
f.1.1 .~ .. -- ".!I"- _:' r.;~ r ~..~ ..: . ~.....___ . ~. .-- .r._~..~..;.:.:_: ,..~.~=J~ ~._.. l.1.0 OCMAHCKPinEPHO~ I1BPAXI11\1(A1CABPAAM} - PO.l(OHA4AJIHHK HJ:.:. APABI1TE <ArAP5IHMTE) A OT TAM g HA AXPEHHTE (nOM.AI~H1 J1C'!OpH5iT8. HCi aXpeHHTe (TIOMaJ4H) 3anOQS8 OT I HOpaXH'M (A) - ABpaaM (MHP Ha. ,nyma Ta MY) ,KOaTO I npaTeHJiI< B€JIHJUUI AJIJIax(BortT). ToA(A) e H3BeCTeH C nponOBH.D:BaHeTO MOHOTeH3Ma (BHpa B e,l(HHCTBOTO Ha Annax), OOp.fI3BaHeTo Ha MOMtleTaTa,l<OeTO Xep0,l(OT npHIIHcBa Ha rpH>KaTa 38. TeJIeCHa Ta tlnCTOTa. OT HerOBH.H OO:>KeCTBeH 3al<OH, Hii e OCTaaaJJO Ii )l(epTBOnpHHomeHHeTO (l<ypC>an> nABpaaM,KOHTO ce rpH)KHJI 3a nOBepeHHTe MY CTa.n;a, MHOrO n'tTH npeKpBaJI HOmHTe KpaH CBOHTe naCTHpH. TOBa OHJIH npIDITHO XlIa.n;HH HOInH, n'tJIHH C OJIa)KeHa THIInma, KOHTa HaCTpOHBaJIH K'tM pa3MHctJI. ABpaa.M no I.(enH qaCOBe JIeT.SIJI C norJle,l( no MHramHTe 3Be3.n;H, CJIe.lUIJI nt:T.H HM B npOCTopa, nO,ltOOeH Ha qepeH QaJI.zxaXHH, H Bce no- ,zt'tJIOOKO pa30HpaJI orpOM~a Ta I nfHp Ha CBeTa, HerOBOTO BeJIHtJHe, KpaCOTfi H XapMOfiHjl. B c'tPrteTO MY ce oy,lteJIO pa3,l(BoeHHe: ') t., (:.

История на ахрените (помаците)

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Мехмед Дорсунски, История на помаците - ахряните. С., 1995.

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Page 1: История на ахрените (помаците)

f.1.1

. ~ .. -- ".!I"- _:' r.;~ r ~..~ ..: . ~.....___. ~. .-- .r._~..~..;.:.:_: ,..~.~=J~~._..

l.1.0 OCMAHCKPinEPHO~

I1BPAXI11\1(A1CABPAAM} - PO.l(OHA4AJIHHK

HJ:.:.APABI1TE <ArAP5IHMTE) A OT TAM

g HA AXPEHHTE (nOM.AI~H1

J1C'!OpH5iT8. HCi aXpeHHTe (TIOMaJ4H) 3anOQS8 OTI

HOpaXH'M (A) - ABpaaM (MHP Ha. ,nyma Ta MY) ,KOaTO €I

npaTeHJiI< B€JIHJUUI AJIJIax(BortT). ToA(A) e H3BeCTeH C

nponOBH.D:BaHeTO MOHOTeH3Ma (BHpa B e,l(HHCTBOTO Ha Annax),

OOp.fI3BaHeTo Ha MOMtleTaTa,l<OeTO Xep0,l(OT npHIIHcBa Ha

rpH>KaTa 38. TeJIeCHa Ta tlnCTOTa. OT HerOBH.H OO:>KeCTBeH3al<OH,

Hii e OCTaaaJJO Ii )l(epTBOnpHHomeHHeTO (l<ypC>an>

nABpaaM,KOHTO ce rpH)KHJI 3a nOBepeHHTe MY CTa.n;a,

MHOrO n'tTH npeKpBaJI HOmHTe KpaH CBOHTe naCTHpH.

TOBa OHJIH npIDITHO XlIa.n;HH HOInH, n'tJIHH C OJIa)KeHa

THIInma, KOHTa HaCTpOHBaJIH K'tM pa3MHctJI. ABpaa.M

no I.(enH qaCOBe JIeT.SIJIC norJle,l( no MHramHTe 3Be3.n;H,

CJIe.lUIJI nt:T.H HM B npOCTopa, nO,ltOOeH Ha qepeH

QaJI.zxaXHH, H Bce no- ,zt'tJIOOKO pa30HpaJI orpOM~a TaI

nfHp Ha CBeTa, HerOBOTO BeJIHtJHe, KpaCOTfi H

XapMOfiHjl. B c'tPrteTO MY ce oy,lteJIO pa3,l(BoeHHe:

') t.,(:.

Page 2: История на ахрените (помаците)

i,"

, I1CTOPH5IHA AXPEHI11E cnOMAUHTE>'~

B5IpaTa MY B Bora Ha JIYHaTa ce pymaJIa BCe nOBeqe H

IJOBe1:le. l(oKaTo eJ.tHH ,neo:' B YMa MY O.IDlCHana

MHC~JlTa, tie TBopeu1n Ha BCeJleHaTa, CJI'tuueTO.

JIYHaTa' II 3Be3,ltHTe, MortJI J(a o~,l{e e,ltHH 001", Mortm,

Be3.n;ec1an, H~BH,ltHM.OJIarOCKJIOHeH. HO H HeYMOJlHM B

rReHa CH. ABpaaM c'tBceM He ce KpHJI C TOBa CM HOBO

pa30HpaHe: npOnOB5I,ltBaJI 1"0 OTKHTO B rpa,lta ".

I

(3eHOH KOCH,lXOBCKH)CTp 34-35.I .

"K'tM Her,O.ce npHc'te,ltHIIHBa H }KeHa MY Capa. Te

MHoro speMe HSlMaJIH HaCJIe.znimc. KaTo BIDIC,ltaJIa

M'GKaTa Ra M't>I<aCH,Oe3,lteTHaTa Capa ce CMHJlHJIaH

pemKTfa .na npHoerHe KtM npaCTapIDI3aKOH Ha ,neJ(HTe.

T05l3aKOH n03BOJI5lBaJIoe3,neTHa Ta )KeHa.n;a.n;OBe.n;eHa

Mt'}I(a cn pOOHHSIH CHHtT OT TaKaBa Bpt3Ka, OHJI

npH3HaBaH 3a 3KOHeH HaCJIe,nHHKHa po.zta C BCHtlICH

npaBa Ra ntpBopo,neH. H300ptT H na.n;HaJl Ra

erHneTCKaTa POOHH.SIArap. MHaHCTHHa 3a pa,nOCT Ra

ABpaaM. Arap 3aOpeMeIDIJIa. CKOpO T5I po,nHJIa CHH,

I<oro'ro riapelCJ1H HCMawI. OT TOBa BpeMe MHHaJIH

TpHH~!-{eceT f'O,ltHHH.ABpaaM OHJIBeqe Ha 99 ro.n;HHH.a

CHIflsT MY licMaHJI H3pac1m KaTO oyeH H MHoro

HenOCJlymea MOM'tK.E,l{HH.z:teHBor noptqaJI Ha ABpaaM

,l{a 06e,ltHHH nO,lttrnHeHHTe CM B e,l{HH Hapo,n H B e,ltHa

Dl HCTOPH5I HA AXPEHI1TE cnOMAUHTE) ....~~~~.~~~

peJlHrH03Ha OOmHHa. 3a Ta51 ueJl MY 3anOB~,ltaJI BCHtlICH.t1t)Ke H MOMqeTa. ~e3 orJle,n Ra TOBa, ,l{aJlH ca

CBOOO,ltHHHJIH POOH. ,na ot.n;a T OOp5l3aHH B 3naK Ha

CKJIIOqen C oora CtI03., ToR YCTaHOBHJI ctmo

3a.n;tJl)KHTeJlHO 3a BCHQI(H BpeMeHa OOp5I3Bane Ha

,l{euaTa OT Mt)J(J(H non, KoraTO CTaHaT Ha oceM

ro,nHHH. KoRTO He nOHCKa ,na ce nO,ltqHHHHa i1~03M, iJi

oope,n. ce H3KJ1YIIBaJI caM OT nneMeTO. Be,l{Iffi}I(TpHMa

CTpaHHH rOCTH H3BeCTHJIH Capa. qe Jne liMa CUH.

Kora TO ABpaaM HaBtpmHJI CTO rO,ltU:HH. OO;KHeTO

ooemaHHe ce H3n'tJlHHJIO: Capa po,nHJIa CHH. ETO. tIe

ynoeHa OT maCTHe, T5I ce CMee,JIa no IteJIH .znrn H

HCKaJIa BCHqI(H HaOKOJlO ctmO,l{a ce pa,l{B~.T. KoraTO

KtpMHJIa oeoeTO. He MOrJla.n;a ce Haqy,ltH Ii IIOBTapHJICi'

B ceoe CH:"KoR OH peKtJl Ha ABpaaM -Capa .m;eK'l1pMM, ,

,neua73amOTO pO.n;HXCHHB CTapHHHTe MY". B naMeT na

pa,nOCTHOTO ct6HTHe T.SI .naJla Ha ,lteTeTO CH HMeTO

HcaaK,KoeTO HMaBpt3Kac J:{yMaTa nCMHX"."CMe.HCen.

l(eTeTo ce pa3BHBaJIO oJlaronOJI~O Ii CJIe,n IffiKOJIKO

rO,l{HHH noquaJIo,na CH Hrpae C HeeJ(HOYTpo5m$ CM

opaT HCMaHJI. Capa rJle,ltaJIa TIDI 3aoaBHHI HrpH C

HapaCTBamO HeJ(OBOJICTBO, 3amOTO n npeCJIe,ltBaJIa,

MHctJITa. tie CJIe,n cMtpTTa Ha ABpaaM rJlaBHaTa. qaCT

OT HMOTa me ce na,nHe Ha HCMaHJI KaTO n1\pBopo,neH, a

Page 3: История на ахрените (помаците)

01 6 .. ; HCTOPI151 HA AXPEHJ1TE cnOMAUHTE) ~

HcaaK Jne TpSlOBa,l{a ce 3a,l{OBOJIH C OCTartnHTe. fio,n

BJIHSlHHeHa Ta$! ~Ka B He.Slce Ha,l{Hr'Hana HenpH.Sl31m

K'EM er.IfueTCKa Ta POOHH.SlH peKJIa Ha ABpaaM. "H3JI't,l{H

Ta.H pOOHH.SiH CHHa H 3alI(OTO cHli'tT Ha TaH pOOHH.SlHe"II ,j I

OHBa. ):ta HaCne,l{K 3ae,l{HO C MO.SlCHH HcaaK". ABp aaM. ~ .

,l{1mro ce c1:mpOTHB.1I.HBaJIHa HCKaReTO Ra JlCeIla CH,

nOHe)Ke ce ()HJI npHBtp3aJI HCKpeHO ICtM MJIa,l{aTa H

xyoaria erHUTHHlCa, a HCMaHJI OOHqan C HCTHIICICO

oa~HHcICO qyBCTBO. KoraTO ooaqe 001' ce HaMeCHJI B

Ta.H paOOTa H 3.HBHJI,tIe T'tICMO Hcaa.K, a IIe HCMaHJI e

onpe,neJIeU3a oalI(a Ra nOlConeHHHTa, ABpaaM C OOJIlCa

Ha ctpueTO H3n1iJIIIHJI JlCeJIaHHeTO Ha Cappa. Ra

,l{pynuI t{en CYTpJiHTa OTnpaBHJI IIa ntT HelI(aCTHHTe

H3f'Hb.h"1rn.qM..l{aJI MMXJIHOH BO,l{aB Mex, npertpHaJI 1'8

He)KliO Hr'H IIoctmeTBan.zta TptrHa T 3aErHneT, K'tt{eTO

Arap H~iaJIa pOt{HHim. II'tTYBaHeTO ORJIO t{'tJIro Ii

onaCHO.no ny cTHHHHTe nOJIH oe3 n'STHIna BO,l{aTa B111'1' . .

Mex~ ce . CB'tpmHJIa H caMOTHHTe ctpaHHH[(H OHJIH

3annameHH OT cM'tpT nOpa,l{H )l(a)l(,lIa. Arap OCTaBHJIa

HCM<HVI not{ e,lJ;HO ,l{1lpBO H ce OT,naJIeq}{J[a Ha

paCTO.HHHe KOJlICOTO e,l{HHxB'tpJIeif CTpeJIa, 3a ,lta He

rJIe):{a. npe.n;CMtpTHHTe M'tICH Ha CHHa CH. Ce):{HaJIa Ha

IDlCEKa, oo1:ipHaJIa ce C rp'to K'tM liero, H 3anJIaKaJIa

ropKO. ToraBa ce .SIBHJI aHreJI rOCnO,l{eH, Ka3aJI H ,l{a.

\... . ..- -.------.--. )

01 . (1CTOPH5I HA' AXPEHHTE cnOMAUHTE) 2-,B3eMe CHHa CHH 1'0 onpe,neJIHJI 3a npa.OTe[( Ha

apaOCKHTe nneMeHa. CnaceHHTe H3rHammQH OT .l{OMa

Ra ABpaaM ce HaCTaHHJIH lI(aCTJIHBO B nYCTHHHHTeI

KpaHIl{a Ra CTpaHa Ta. HCMaHJI CTaHaJI HenOBTopHM

CTpeJIeu H BeJIKlCOJIeneH JIOBeQ. CJIe,l{H3BeCTHO BpeMe

nOCT'tnHJI HaBoelffia cJIY)K6a llpH enmT5IHHTe H

BOIOBaJI B TeXHHTe HaeMHHqeCKH tIaCTH. MaHKa MY ro

CBa TOCaJIa 3a ernnTHHKa... ABpaaM HHKora Beqe He ce

CpeIItHaJI c'tc . CBOH OTXB'tpJIeH CHH." "ApaOHTe H .no

,ltHec TB~p.l(.SIT, qe npOH3XO)K,l(aT OT HCMaHJI, H BHpBaT,

qe HCMaHJI H MaAKa MY ca norpe6aHH B MeKKa IIO,n

qepHRH KaM'tK Kaaoa., KOHTO npe.u;cTaBJIHBa

Ha:A:-rOJIHMa Ta CBHTOCT ila HCJIHMa. Ta.3H TpaÄHJJ,H..CJ:e

OTpa3eHa B KopaHa-B.a."

II!III

I

. nocotteHlfTe no. rope nHTaTH ct]Qo ca OT KIUIraTa

"BHOJleRcKH cKa3aHH.Si"-3eHOH KOCHr~OBCKH"CTP. -45. O'cBeH

OHOJle:A:cICH pa3Ka3, noCOtteHHTe lio-rope lUiTaTH' ce

nOTBt:p)l(.z:\aBaT H OT HCTopHttecKaTa HaYKa H npe/.{cTaBJI..SiBaT

OCHOBHaTa npHQHHa 3a npoH3xo.na Ha HaHMeHOBaHH.SiTa

arap..SiHH OT Arap-a OT TaM H Ha aXpeHIITeCnOMaUH). KaKTO Il{e

BH,ltHMno Kt:CHO. OT HCMaHJl H enmT.fiHKaTa. KO.s:lTOC B3CJI 3a

)l(eHa,e HaQaJlOTO Ha apaocKHTe rmeMeHa. a OT HcaaK Ha

lO,lteAcKHTe. Te3H C1iOHTH.Sice nOTBt:p:>K/.{aBaT H cnope,lt

UCJI..SiMCKHTeHCTopHnH H B npe.z:\amulTa OT pa,3JIJ.{QCUpo.n H

Page 4: История на ахрените (помаците)

!ja:

~ 8 ... .~~. ricr~PH~ HA AXPEHHTE cnOMALtHTE~~/

npOH3XOlt. Cnopelt HCJIJlMClCHTe HCTOpHltH.C'toHTWITa. ce" .~r,?

omicBaT nO-MaJIKO nO-pa3.7I1fC1eH HatUlH. Cnopelt nOBeqetf,,?-Tj' .. ..'

TJlx.BpeMeTo no KoeTO Arap H HCMaHJI ca ompaT~HH B"

nYCTHIUlTa.e KoraTO ToR e ome 6eoe. MJlcTOTo.K't,lteTo ca

OCTaBeHH e MeKKa(MoKappaMa-CBemeHHa>.TaM.cne,lt KaTO

CB'tpmBa BOltaTa HM.Xa):t)Kep(Arap>.nnaqeRKH.Yp'trsa,lta TtpCH

Bolta.B TOBa BpeMe H3nOlt oeoeTO HCMaHJI no BOnJlTa Ha

BenHKIUi An.nax on~~Ba H3BOpa "3eM-3eM" .Cnelt KaTO 6nHKBa

H3Bopa, nTHltHTe ycemaT BOltaTa.OT npenHTaIQHTe nTHltH ntK.

mJeMeTO lt)KypXYM pa36upa 3a BOltaTa H OTKpHBa HeDtaCTHHTe

H3rHaHHHltH. -HanHcaHOTO no rope e npepaSKa3aH ltHTaT

oT"n1inHaTa HCTOpHJI"-HOHACHP-CTp.114 TOM-1.nO-HaTaTtK B

ctJI{aTa KHHra HOHACHp nHJDe,qe HopaxHM(A) C OTnpaIQaHeTO

Hi Xat{JKep Ii fiCMaHn.He npeK'tcBa OTHOmeHHJlTa CHC TJlX.ToltonfBa oII{e HJlKOJIKO mm npH TJlX.n'tpBHJI ntT HCKa

pa3pemeHHe OT )KeHa CH Capa.a CJIelt TOBa npaBH oIQe WlKOJIKO

ntTYBaHIDI npH TJlX.nOCne):tHOTO OT n'tTYBaIlWlTa NY e no

3anOBe,n Ha BeJIHKHJI Annax(l)onT>.sa. nOCTpOJlBaHeTO Ha

CBeII{eHHHJI. xpaM Kaaoa.KoRTO e nOCTpoeH OT CaMHTe

HopaXHM(A) - (ABpaaM) H HCMaHJI. Cnopelt H6H ACHp,HcMaHJI(A>

e npHTe)J(aBaJI WlKOJIKO)l(eHH.n'tpBaTa OT KOHTOe OTnneMeTO

,[()J(ypx YM. HCMaHJI(A) CTaBa oama Ha MHoro ltelta.OT KOHTOce

CqHTa HaqanOTO Ha apaOCKOTO KOJIJlHO.-H6H ACHp. CJIelt

HCMaHJI(A) HHKOROT apa6CKHTe nneMeHa ltO MOXaMMa,lt(CAAB)

/

o HCTOPH~ HA AXPEHHTE nOM~TE) .. 9 .~. iji

He e ltaP!lBaH C MHCWlTa npaTeHHK(nearaMOep~1 o;rIBenHKHJI, . . .

AmIax<l)onT). np~ TOSH nepHOlt C TaSH MHCHJIca AnnaXOBHTe

H30paHllHItH OT eBpeRcKO nOTeKJIO:

,ltaYlt<,ltaBHlt),Myca(MoRceR> såeltHO C opaT CH XapYH<AapOH>

HHca(AneAxYMY-CCeJIJlM),cnelt KoeTO HltBa pelta' Ha

HaR-BenHKWI OT BCHqKH TJlX-neqaT'tT Ha

npaTeHHQHTe-MoxaMMe,lt MycTatPa(CAAB).

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Page 5: История на ахрените (помаците)

'11,11 I

'~IO """""'''" McrOPl1i1HA AXPBJ!1TEmOMAijMTEJ).

M3I1P AIl.{AHE HA nOCJIE.lJ.HH.H ilP A TEHI1K

RA AJIJIAX{BOr'I3T>, nOCJ1E.l{HI15IT 3AKOH

3A XOPATA11 CB3.l{ABAHE HA

HCJI51MCKATA ,l(BP:>KABA

I

1 lvfcxaMM~.l\(CAAB} e po,lten a rO/.{HH:iTCI.ua nGJIOnan-570 HJIH

I 57101o~?HaT3 e CHCpHa} OT Hcna.Ta epa.T0I1(CAAB} e po,Z'(eHB

MeK~~(lvfoI(appaMa),Ma:AKa l'-!Y e EMliHe,a oaIUa MY AO,Z{YJIJIax.,;!,ji I ~

.liBa"reCelta nj:-e,l4H pO)K,Z{eI'IHeTO MY YMHpa va!l{a My,a Ha meCT

ro.znmIHa B'tspaCT - Ma:AlCa 1'.-fy.CJIe,Z{meCTaTa CM rO;ZtHHa,

ToA:(CAAB) )l(Haee npli cnOR .l{.SI.l\0 AOlJ.YJI MYTaJIMo.CJIe.zt

oMtpTTa lia ,Zt.SI,Z{OMy,MoxaMMa,l:t(CAAB} X<HBee npH oao.51 tlIitlO

aoy TaJIHo, ToraEa Tof.tcCA!.B} e Ha ooeM I'O,ZtliIiH.MaJIKH.5I

Moxa.MMe,Z{(CAAB} oe npMBt;pSBa CUJIIIO KtM C1>051:tn:tlo..ltopH B

,Z{'EJIrlue MY Ii HSTOIItHTeJIHM ntTYBaHiHI 11.0 lIIaM(CHpIDr),

ntTYBa 0 Hero. npHeMa qHtlo CH KaTO HOTHHCKH oalIta,a )l(eHa

MY <%>aTHMa,KaTO CBO.SIpO,Z{HaMaA:Ka.

B e,Z{HO OT Te3H II'tTYBaUH.5I 3a lliaM,KoraTO MaJlKHJI

MoxaMMa.zt e Beqe Ha ,ZtBaHa,ZteceT ro,ZtHHH.l.:epBaHtT HM TptrBa

OT MeKKa(MoKappaMa) sa llIaM.Kora TO npHomra T B fIop,Z{aHHJI,

Ke pBaHtT. jHM oe npHOJIH)l(aaa KtM MaHaonrpa Byopa.TaM ceWIU I ,

OJIyq~!~1 Hento ocooeHO aa:»mo B )I<HBOTa Ha MaJIKHJI

'------..

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II,

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I1CTOPI1~ HA AXPEHI1TEmOMAUl1TE> ~ 11.,.~

MoxaMMa,n(CAAB}. XpHOTH.SIHCKHTC .0neJneHHHnH( OBeTl.{H)

OtlaKSaJIH 011ope.n pa3nOJIO)J~eHHeTO Ra 3se3,ltHTe H HeoeOHHTe

3HaIJ,Ii,lCaKTOH oaopelJ. TeXHHTe KHHrH no ltYMHTe Ha !1ca(A},

H3npamaHeTo Ha nOCJIe,Zt1-I!'{RnpaTeHKK OT BeJIMKHJI AJIJIax

(BoI"'tT). Bel1.Ht)l( KaTO HaOJIIO,ZtaBaJI ntT.SI,HI1.BaJit KtM

MaHaCTMpa Bycpa.OBeTe~1n BYXHpa 3aOeJI.SI3aJI,tle K'tM

MaHaOTHpa ce npHOJIH)I(aBa KepBaH,a Ma,Z{lCepBaHa oe ,ltBH)l{eJI

OOJIä.K. TOBa 3a. liero OHJIO HO'fHiiOKO 3HaMeHHe.3a TOBa To:A:

pemHJ't ,na pa:;t5epe ZCa.Kt:Be T03H KepBaH.KoraTO KepjaHaCTllrHåJI .no MaHacn~pa H OnpRJI,OOJIaK'ET otntO cnp5IJI.

CaenteHHHK~T ByxHpa nOKaHHn BO,ZtatlMTe Ha KepBaHa 3a

nOqHBKa. BOHQKH OTHmJIH,O H3KJIIotJeHHe MoxaMMa,Zt (CAAB),

KoitTO OCTaHaJI ,l{a HarJIe)l(,!:{a KepBaHa. 1'oraB8 OBeIIteHHRKtT

SaOeJI.SI3aJI. qe OOJraICa OCTaliaJI lienO,Z:tBfDKeH Ha,Zt I<:aMH.THHe.

H3HeHa,ZJ;aH nOmHaJI KepBaH,D::>KHHTe ,Z:taJIHUSIMa On:{e H.SIlCo1-\0

T.SIx.Te HY OTrOBOpUJIH ,'1e I-:.SIMa HHKO!:t ooneH C,lrI10

,ZtBaHal.{eCeT rO,D:Hmuo MOM-qe. BYXHpa nCMOJIHJI n1iTHa~j{Te,lta

.ltOBe,ZtaT TOBa MOMtle npH Hero.H3HeHa,ZtaTa OHJIa oII{e

nO-rOJISIMa, KoraTO oBenteHHHKa BH):{.SIJI,qeOOJIaKtT oe ,Z{BH)l(H

Ha,Z{MOMqeTO, 3a ,Zta MY na3H C5IHKa.BYXHpa otpso OtOJI.SIK-tJI

,Z{pexaTa Ha MOMtleTO H OTKpHJI Ha rtpoa MY netlaTa Ha

npaTemiltHTe Ha AJIJIax(BortT). nOOJIe OBeTena H3KynHJII

BOliqKaTa HM OTOKa H BtpHaJI KepBaHa oopaTHO,o ne)1 ,Zta oe

nOrpM)KH 38. oe30naCHOCTa Ha MOMqeTo.ToA: OHJl cHrypeU.'-le

Page 6: История на ахрените (помаците)

12 . . '" MCTOPM5IHA AXPEHHTE mOMAUMTE) Io

TOBa MOMtle e HOBWlT H nOCJIe.Q;eH npaTeHHK Ha BeJIHKHJI

IAmIaxCöOrtT). Ha lIeTHplI,l(eCeT rOJUlDIHa B~SpaCT MOXaMMaa

CCAÄB) nOJIytlaBa n~pBOTO oncposeHHe. C KoeTO Ha OpaKTHKa

3anOllBa HerOBaTa BeJIHKa MHCWI.CJIe.Q;Tosa B npo.zrtmlceHHe

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Page 7: История на ахрените (помаците)

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Page 10: История на ахрените (помаците)

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