“ ﻧﻈﺮة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ“ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺪوﻟﻲﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ اS6 : اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺣﺴﺎم ﺑﻨﻌﻴﺎدة: ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺄة اﻟﺤﻴﺎة و اﻟﺤﺮب وﺟﺪ اﻟﺴﺠﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﺸﺮ و ﺳﻔﻚ اﻟﺪﻣﺎء و ﻟﻢ ﻳﻨ ﻣﻦ وﻳﻼﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﺠﻮز او ﻃﻔﻞ او اﻣﺮاة ﺣﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻜﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوريﻟﺘﺰام ا ﺑﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ و اﻟﻀﻮاﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮب ﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺮ ض. اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚول ا: اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻠﻲ ﻋﺎم1977 اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ ول ا: ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﻧﻨﺎﻗﺶ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻫﺎي اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪي، اي اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ1977 و ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﻨﺎوﻳﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ: اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻞ) اﻟﻘﺴﻢ1 - 1 ( و اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﺮب و اﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻬﺎ) اﻟﻘﺴﻢ1 - 2 و اﻟﻘﺴﻢ1 - 3 ( و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﻬﺪف اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي و ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺎن اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ) اﻟﻘﺴﻢ1 - 4 ( و ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪامﺳﻠﺤﺔ ا اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ) اﻟﻘﺴﻢ1 - 5 ( و ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎت اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴ ﺔ( 6-1 ) 1 - 1 اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﻮنﺷﺨﺎص ا اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺨﻮﻟﻬﻢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎمﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﺎ اﻟﺤﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻢ او، اﻓﺮاد اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺗﻠﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻓﺮاد اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ و اﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ) وﺑﻌﺪ ء ﻫﺆ ﺗ ﺬﻛﺮ اﻟﻤﺎدة وﻟﻰ ا ﻣﻦ ﺋﺤﺔ " اﻓﺮاد اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺸﻴﺎ و اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻮﻋﻮن اﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮن ارﺑﻌﺔ ﺷﺮوط ﻣﺠ ﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻫﻲ: 1 . أن ﻳﻘﻮدﻫﻢ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮؤوﺳﻴﻪ، 2 . أن ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻮا ﺷﺎرة ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ

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