The Study on Surrogacy Agreement

*

(Jong Hee Seo)

.

,

.1)

. .2)

,

.3)

* ( ).

** 2009 10 14, 2009 10 21, 2009

11 6.

1) 16 : 1; 30 : 4-6; Gregory E. Pence (//

), ( ), , 2003, 260.

2)

,

(/, , , 2008, 100).

.

3)

.

. .

. .

. .

46 23 3

,

.

.4)

.

(IVF)5)

. 1978

Louise Joy Brown .

1985

.

2004 17802

31.6% , 26.9%

.6)

, 3

.

, ()

( 105 18

). (

2004.02.19). ,

, 16, , 2007,

227 .

4) , , , 1992, 316-317.

5)

. ,

, 2 2(2002), 285 ; ,

, , , 1988, 11 .

6) 2009.4.28 82 [ TALK!] 50%

.

47

.

,

.7)

.8)

(designer baby)

.

,

.9)

.

.

.

7) , , ,

299 .

8) (, ,

, 2005 ) .

. 2 , 100 , 2

.

.

.

, 2

7

(2007.9.5. SBS ).

9)

. 2000 .

12

10 ,

. 2009.4.28

82 [ TALK!] 50%

.

48 23 3

2004 1 12

2005 1 1

.10)

, .

,

.

.

.

(Assisted Reproductive Technology: ART)

.11)

. ,

.12)

.

1.

,13)

10) ,

, 19 2, 2005, 7 .

11) , , 1997, 1609.

12) , , , 2000, 78

.

13) 56 1; , , 34 6(2001),

89; , , 7

49

14)

. ,

.

,

.

3

3 15) .

.16)17)

.

18) ,

.

(1997), 59. AID(Artificial Insemination by

Donor, ) [,

, 29(1998/12), 475].

14) Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act Section 1 (4).

15)

(, :

, 549, , 2003, 97).

16)

,

(,

, 9 1, 18).

17)

103 .

18)

,

,

. , , 15

1, , 27 5

.

50 23 3

.19)

2.

(1)

,

6 .20)

1)

,

.

.21) (genetic surrogacy),

.22)

.

2)

.

19) , ( 18), 27; ,

, Juris Forum , , 1998.2, 101.

(Adoptionsvermittlungs-

gesetz) 13a , 1.

2. (Embryo)

,

.

(Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985) Sec 1 (2) .

20) , ( 18), 27-29 .

. , , , , 1987/12,

79 1 4 .

21) , , No.747(1991), 184. 22) , ( 18), 27.

51

.

,23)

.24)

.25)

, .26)

Baby M .

. ,

.27)

3) 3

. 3 .

.28)

, ,

.

4) 3

. 3

3 .

23) Surrogacy UK

Straight, Host . .

24) , ( 18), 28. (Leihmutter) .

25) , , 1

, 2008.5.23.

26) , , 4 4(1993 ), 19.

27) , ( 12), 89.

28) , , 12 2, ,

2005, 77.

52 23 3

.29)

5) 3 3

.

,

. ,

, .

.

6) 3

(Assisted Reproductive Technology: ART)

. ,

. 3 ,

,

.

(2) ( )

(commercial surrogacy)

(altruistic surrogacy) .

.

. , , ,

, , ,

.

.30)

29) , ( 18), 29.

30) / ( ), , 8, , 2004,

174.

53

3.

(1)

,

.31)

,

,

.32)

,

.33)

(2)

.

, , ,

.

.

,34)

,35)

31) , ( 16), 19.

32) , , 2, ,

1996, 47.

(K Brophy, A Surrogate Mother Contract to Bear a Child,

Journal of Family Law, University of Lousville School of Law, Vol.20, 1981, p.263).

33) , , 3 1,

, 2002/6, 78; , ,

12 2, 2004/12, 111.

34) /, , 42

, 1996, 73; Medicus, Das Fremde Kind: Komplikationen bei Leihmutterschaft,

Jura 1986, S.302.

54 23 3

36)

. ,

.37)

(3)

,

3 ,

.

,

.

.

,

.

.38)

.

Kentucky.

5

.

.39) Michigan

. (custody)

35) , ( 13), 110 .

36) (BT-Drucks 11/4154, S.6).

37) , ( 18), 30; , ( 20), 63; ,

, () 14, 1987, 18; , ( 16), 21.

38) , ( 18), 31.

39) K. Brophy, op.cit., pp.266-291.

55

. ,

.40)

.

.

Baby M

.41)

.42)

. 43)

1.

1985 Baby Cotten 44)

40) N. Keane and D. Breo, The Surrogate Mother(New York: Everest House. 1981),

p.270 .

41) Baby M . 1.

, 2. , 3.

, 4. , 5.

, 6. 4

, 5

1,000 , 7.

, 8. , 9.

(Whitehead, Mary Beth, with Loretta Schwartz-Nobel. A Mother's Story: The

Truth About the Baby M Case. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989).

42) OOO OOO

.

.

43) , ,

19 2, 2005/3, 35 ; ,

, 13, 1999, 312 ; /,

, (), 10(1998), 23 ; ,

( 18), 34 .

56 23 3

.45) Cotten

1985 (Surrogacy

Arrangements Act 1985; SAA ) .46)

.

(surrogate mother)

(SAA 1 2).

(surrogacy arrangement) (SAA 1 3).

(SAA 2).

(SAA 3). 1990 36 1

SAA 1 A

,

.47)

44) C, Re (A Minor)[1985] FLR 846. . 1985 1,

30 ,

(Cotten) 6500

. .

, (wardship

proceeding) (care and control)

.

.

45) NIGEL LOWE and GILLIAN DOUGLAS, Bromley's Family Law, Oxford

University Press(2007), p.318. Latey , ,

,

,

(,

, 16, ,

2006, 337 ).

46) Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985 Mika Oldham, Blackstone's Statutes

on Family Law, Oxford University Press(2008), pp.157-160 .

47) Section 1 A: No surrogacy arrangement is enforceable by or against any of the

persons making it.

57

,

. ()

, (fostering) (adoption) .48)

(Agency)

.

.49)

, .50)

1990 (Human Fertilization

and Embryology Act; HFEA )

,

,

(Authority) .51)

,

,

.

HFEA 27 1

.

, (HFEA 28 2).

Common Law (presumption of

paternity) .

1969 (Family Law Reform Act) 26

. HFEA 30

(Parental Order)

48) Robert G. Lee Derek Morgan, Human Fertilization Embryology(Blackstone

Press Ltd, London, 2001), p.200.

49) , ( 43), 41.

50) Robert G. Lee Derek Morgan, op.cit., p.198.

51) HFEA Mika Oldham, op.cit., pp.276-288 .

58 23 3

. Parental Order

,

. HFEA ,

.52)

SAA HFEA 2008 11 13 Human Fertilization and

Embryology Act 2008( HFEA 2008 ) .53)

Meaning of father 28

35 41 ,

Parental Order 30 54 .

HFEA 2008 54 HFEA 30

. HFEA 2008 54 2

husband and wife civil partners each other two

persons who are living as partners in an enduring family relationship and

are not within prohibited degrees of relationship in relation to each

other . 2003 6 30

3

2003 11 Civil Partnership Act(

CPA ) . 54)

tm,

2004 11 2005 12 5

.55) CPA [Section

74(2)], (Section 77) (Section 78) .

HFEA 2008 CPA Parental

Order .

HFEA 6 (HFEA 2008 54 3)

52) Lee Morgan, op.cit., pp.200-201, p.218.

53) Human Fertilization and Embryology Bill Mika Oldham, Blackstone's

Statutes on Family Law, Oxford University Press(2008), pp.644-653 .

54) , , (2006), 101 .

55) , ( 54), 101.

59

,

[HFEA 2008 54 1 (b)]. 18

(HFEA 2008 54 5).

(HFEA 2008 54

4).

(HFEA 2008 54 8). HFEA 2008

.

2.

1991

. 1994

. (legalization) .

, ,

,

.56)

, 1996

(Surrogate Motherhood Agreement Act, 1996)

.57) 7

.

,

. ,

56) Todd M. Krim, Comparative Health Law: Beyond Baby M: International

Perspective on Gestational Surrogacy and the Demise of the Unitary Biological

Mother,(1996), pp. 217-218.

57) D. Kelly Weisberg, Family Law(emmanuel law outlines), Aspen Publishers(2008),

p.260.

60 23 3

,

. ( ,

) .

.58)

,

.59)

.

3. 60)

, 2002 (2002 12 23

) .

1455~1484 .61) 1458

. ,

, .

,

.62)

1464

.

58) , ( 43), 47; Darel J. Hall, The management of genetic

origins, Human Reproduction, Vol.13, No.11, 1998, pp.3268-3273.

59) , ( 43), 47-48 .

60) , ( 43), 48-49 .

61) , ( 43), 48.

62) , ( 43), 48.

.

61

4.

.

.63)

(138 BGB)

.64)

1989 (Adoptionsvermittlungsgesetz) 13a

,

.

(134 BGB).65)

66) ,

.67) 13c

. 14c , 1

, 2

, 3

.68)

1990 (Embryonenschutzgesetz)

.69)

.

63) , ( 43), 63.

64) OLG Hamm VersR 1986, 243 = NJW1986, 781. Deutsch, Medizinrecht,

4.Aufl.(1998), Rn.435

.

65) , ( 43), 64 66 134

.

66) BT-Drucks 11/4154, S.6

,

(Dienstleistung)

.

67) Soergel-Liermann, Kommentar zum BGB, 13.Aufl.(2000), Anh Vor 1741 Rn.38.

68) , ( 43), 63-64 .

69) 138

134 [, ( 28), 84].

62 23 3

,

,

.

.70) Marusina71)

.

,

.72) 1998 1591

.

, ,

.73)

5. 74)

, 75)

,

.

1994 7 29 2 ( ,

, )

,

.76) 16777)

70) , ( 18), 49.

71) NJW 1985, 2201.

72) , , 39,

2007/12, 428-429 .

73) Schlu ter, BGB Familienrecht, 2005, Heidelberg, S.192. 74) , ( 43), 312 ; , ( 43), 68

.

75) Rec. Dalloz 1991, Jur. 424.

76) , ( 43), 68.

77) 167: .

63

.

.78)

.

.

6.

Baby M79)

.

.80) (domestic relations) ( statute

common law) ,

.

.81)

.

.

,

,

,

.82)

( , ).

78) 167. 22712

, .

79) New Jersey Supreme Court, 537 A.2d 1227(1988).

80) 1995 200 , 1998 809

4 [ociety for Assisted Reproductive Technology

and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Assisted Reproductive Technology in

the United States and Canada: The American Society for Reproductive Medicine/

Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Registry: Fertil Steril 69(1998), 389-

398 and the same Registry: Fertil Steril 77(2002), 18-31{, ( 18),

34 22 }].

81) , ( 18), 42 .

82) , ( 13), 88, 95 ; Ellman/Kurtz/Scott, Family Law 3rd

ed., LEXIS Law Publishing(1998), p.1498 .

64 23 3

(the

National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws) 1988

Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act(USCACA)

.83) 2000

Uniform Parentage Act(UPA) 8

(Article 8. Gestational Agreement) USCACA

.

(1) Uniform Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act( USCACA )

. A

B ,

.84)

A

.85)

A 5 ,

.

( A 5). ,

, , ,

, ,

,

83) 1998.1. Model

Surrogacy Act , ,

(), 910(1991), 69 .

84) A B , ( 18), 39-42; ,

( 43), 52-56 . (Uniform

Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act) WALTER WADLINGTON/

RAYMOND C. O'BRIEN, FAMILY LAW STATUES, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

AND UNIFORM LAWS, FOUDATION PRESS(2007), pp.148-152 .

85)

[, ( 43), 52].

65

( A 6). A 7 (a)

, , ,

. A

7 (b) 180

[ A 7 (c)].

, ,

.

(Uniform Parentage Act) [ A 5 (b), A

8 (a) (2)].

[ A

8 (a) (1)].

B

, ,

.

(Uniform Parentage Act) ( B 5).86)

(2) Uniform Parentage Act 2000(amended 2002)87) ( UPA )

Marriage of Buzzanca 88)

89)

86) Alternative B Alternative A 6~9

[, ( 43), 52].

87) WALTER WADLINGTON/RAYMOND C. O'BRIEN, op.

cit., pp.118-144 .

88) In Re Marriage of Buzzanca, 72 Cal. Rptr. 2d 280(Cal. App. 1998).

89)

.

cloning

.

66 23 3

.90)

(National Conference

of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws: NCCUSL) (Uniform

Parentage Act: UPA) 1973

2000( 2002:

2000 ) .91) 2000 NCCUSL

2000 2002 . NCCUSL

1997 UPA ,

92)

(UPA 2000) .93)

(USCACA) 2000 Uniform Parentage Act

(UPA) 8(Article 8. Gestational Agreement) . UPA

USCACA

Alternative A( ) , Alternative B(

) .

,

.94) (intended parents) USCACA(1

. ,

,

,

[, 2002

The Meaning in the Enactment and the

Contents of the Uniform Parentage Act 2002 in USA, :

, 17 1( 19) (2003), 164 ].

90) .

91) , ( 89), 127.

92) Uniform Putative and Unknown Fathers Act(UPUFA 1988),

, Uniform

Status of Children of Assisted Conception Act(USCACA 1988)[,

( 89), 132 7].

93) , ( 89), 132.

67

3) UPA

.95) USCACA 6 (b) (2)

, UPA .96)

.

.97) ,

.

.98)

[UPA 801 (a) (1)].

USCACA 1 3

, UPA

.99) USCACA 6 (b)

(6)

, UPA .100)

UPA

94) UPA 801 comment.

95) 2000 UPA 801 (b)

, 2002 .

UPA

.

UPA (801 comment); John J. Sampson, Preface to

the Amendments to the Uniform Parentage Act(2002), Fam.L.Q, Vol.37, No.1,

Spring 2003, p.30[, ( 89), 165 ].

96) 2000 UPA 803 (b) (2)

, 2002

: UPA 803 amendments.

97) , ( 89), 165.

98) , ( 89), 165.

99) UPA 803 comment.

100) 2000 UPA 803 (b) (5) , 2002

: 803 amendments.

68 23 3

(home study) .101)

USCACA

UPA

.102)

UPA 807 USCACA 8

,

[UPA 807 (b)]. UPA

.

[UPA 807 (c)].

.103)

. .

,

[UPA 801 (a)].

[UPA 808 (a)].104) ,

, 90

.

.105) UPA

USCACA (void)

(not enforceable) .106)

101) UPA 803 (b) (2).

102) UPA 806; comment ,

, USCACA

.

103) UPA 807 comment.

104) , ( 89), 165 .

105) , ( 89), 165 .

69

, UPA

809 (b) .

,

[UPA 809

(c)].

(3)

1) Baby M

107) (X)

( Baby M) (Y)

X . 1 (New Jersey

Superior Court) X Baby M Y

X Baby Baby M

X . 1

, Y X

X

. Y New Jersey

, 1

,

Y X Baby M

Y Baby M .

,

X Y

Y

, Y

106) UPA 809 (a). .

107) (X), (Y)

(Z)( ,

).

70 23 3

. Y

,

. X Y

Baby M

(the best interest of child) X, Y

, X Y , X

Baby M

. Y (visitation right)

,

Y .108)

2) Johnson v. Calvert

1

.109)

.

(intending

parents)

.

. ,

(blood ties)

(parties' intentions) .110)

108) , ( 72), 422-426 .

109) Supreme Court of California, 851 P. 2d 776 (1993).

71

.111)

.

,

. In re C.K.G112) Tennessee

, ,

.

,

.113)

3) Buzzanca v. Buzzanca

3

.114)

, .

,

. 1

,

. California , 1

,

.

110) HARRY D. KRAUSE/DAVID D. MEYER, FAMILY LAW IN A NUTSHELL,

Thomson/west(2007), p.159.

111) WALTER WADLINGTON/RAYMOND C. O'BRIEN, DOMESTIC RELATIONS

(CASES AND MATERIALS), FOUDATION PRESS(2007), p.843.

112) In Re C.K.G., 173 S.W.3d 714(Tenn. 2005).

113) HARRY D. KRAUSE/DAVID D. MEYER, op.cit., p.160.

114) In Re Marriage of Buzzanca, 72 Cal. Rptr. 2d 280(Cal. App. 1998).

.

72 23 3

3

California [People

v. Sorenson(1968) 68 Cal. 2d 280, 284-286, 66 Cal. Rptr 7, 437 P.2d 495]

. 1 1

. Matthew115)

.116)

7.

,

. National

Health and Medical Research Council Ethical guidelines on

assisted reproductive technology .

(Family Law) ,

,

.

.117)

Victoria ,

, .118)

.

115) 284. Cal. Rptr(Ct. App.1991).

116) , ( 18), 37 .

117) Family Law Amendment Act 1987 No.181/1987.

118) Infertility Treatment Act 1997. , ,

3 1, 2002/6, 217.

73

8.

.119)

, ,

.

120)

1998 2 .121)

,

.122) 2003 4

.123)

.

1.

2001 4 19 2001 11 15

119) ( ),

, 11(1997),

659 .

120) . 1. . 2.

. 3. . 4.

. 5. . 6. .

121) ,

(2000). http://www.mhlw.

go.jp/shingi/s0012/s1228-1_18.html .

122) , ( 18), 50.

123) http://www.asahi.com/health/news/TKY200404140383.html, 2007.5.25 (,

, 21 3, 2007/11, 99 ).

2007( 19).3.23.

.

74 23 3

56 . 56

2 ,

.

.

.

.

.124)

2.

. ()

,

,

,125)

, ,

.126)

124) http://www.kehcnews.co.kr/news/2001/348/348602.html .

125) ,

, ,

.

126) http://www.cbck.or.kr/bioethics/pds/artificial/artficial-lee.asp(,

).

75

3.

3 2 13

, ,

,

,

.

, .127)

.128)

.

,

.129)

.

? ,

(a narcissstic means of self

definition)

,

.130) ,

,

127) , ,

10 1, 2009/6, 88 ; , ?: 14

, 3 2, 2000/12; ,

, 103; , ,

, 21 2, 2001, .

128) , ( 5), 303 .

129) , ( 12), 99.

130) C. Ben Mitchell, A Perspective on Cloning, Ethics and Medicine, Volume 14:1

Spring 1998, p.29; , ( 12), 100.

76 23 3

,

.131)

4.

.

.132) , AID IVF

. ,

.

,

.133)

,

,

.

.134) ,

3 . ,

. ,

(Baby-selling) .135)

, ,

.136)

131) http://www.kidok.co.kr/paperHTM/1350/17094.asp (,

, , 2001.6.27. ).

132) Krimmel, Herbert T., The Case Against Surrogate Parenting, Hasting Center

Report 13, N.5(1983), pp.35-39.

133) Todd M. Krim, op.cit., p.221.

134) Lori B. Andrews/Nanette Elster. Regulating Reproductive Technologies, Journal

of Legal Medicine, Vol.21(March 2000), p.41; Elizabeth S. Anderson, Is Woman's

Labor a Commodity?, Philosophy and Public Affairs 19, Winter 1990, pp.71-92.

135) Scott B. Rae, Brave New Families?, The Ethics of the New Reproductive

Technologies, Christian Research Journal, Spring 1993, p.6.

77

. ,

, ,

.137) ,

.

.

. , 1983

(Parker) 1994 (Ragone)

.138)

.139) , .

.140)

.141)

136) McCormick, Richard A., Surrogate Motherhood: A stillborn Idea, Second Opinion,

Vol.5, p.238.

137) John A. Robertson, Surrogate Motherhood: Not So Novel after all, Hasting Center

Report 13, 1983, pp.28-34; Kenneth D. Alpern, The Ethics of Reproductive Technology,

Oxford University press, 1992, pp.45-56.

138) R. Munson, / , , , 2001,

373.

139) ( ), : [ ], ,

1995, 32.

140)

(,

, , 2000/9, 202 ).

141) , , ,

10, 2004/12, 118 .

,

.

78 23 3

.

1.

(1)

.142)

10

.

.143) 10

37 1 .144)

, ,

,

.

.145)

.

.146)

.

147) (procreative

142) , , , 2007, 15-16.

143) 1991.6.3, 89204.

144) 2006.7.27, 2005277.

145) , ( 142), 352.

146) 1998.5.28, 96 5 .

147) ,

.

, , ,

(Sharon L. Tiller, Litigation, Legislation,

and Limelight: Obstacles to Commercial Surrogate Mother Arrangements, 72 IOWA L.

Rev. 415, 1987, p.434).

79

liberty) .148)

.

.149)

.150)

.151)

(the preservation of procreative potential)

.152)

(fundamental personal interest)

,

153) .

148) Pamela Laufer-Ukeles, Approaching Surrogate Motherhood : Reconsidering Difference,

Vermont Law Review, Vol.26(Winter, 2002), p.411.

149) R. ( ), ,

and , , 1998, 305-320 .

150)

. , (, , , )

. John A. Robertson, Surrogate Motherhood:

Not So Novel after all, Hasting Center Report, Vol.13(1983), pp.28-34; Kenneth

D. Alpern, The Ethics of Reproductive Technology(Oxford University Press,

1992), pp.45-56.

151) Dworkin, Life's domination, London Harper Collins Publishers(1993), p.148.

152) Andrea E. Stumpf, Redefining Mother: A Legal Matrix for New Reproductive

Technologies, Yale Law Journal, Vol.18(November 1986), p.198.

153) ,

,

.

80 23 3

.

(public elements) .

.

.

3

.154)

. ,

.

.155)

.156)

10

.157)

.

.

(2)

36

154) Pamela Laufer-Ukeles, op.cit., p.412.

155) ,

, , 2004, 293.

156) 2002.10.31, 9940 .

157) , ( 26), 19; , ,

(1988), 259.

81

, ,

.

,

.158)

, 3

.

,

,

.159)

2.

22712 ,

. Kentucky, Michigan

, Alaska, Washington

, Louisiana, Nebraska

.160) (Human Fertilization

and Embryology Act)

.

.

.

158) , , 19

2, 2005/9, 100-101 .

159) , , 28, ,

1998/2, 57.

160) , , 29,

2005/12, 294.

82 23 3

. 13

3

. 13 3

3 ( 51 1 5 ),

2 3 (

52 1 ).

.

3.

(1)

1) 161)

,

103

.162)

.

,

.

. 927(, )

161) , ( 28), 85-94

.

162) /, ( 2), 308; , , , 2002, 180;

, , ( 79, 1987), 225; ,

, 79, , 1987, 93; ,

, 21, 1988, 587.

83

,

924( )

,

.

927 ,

137

.163)

()

.

,

.164)

,

.165)

138

.166)

,

163) , ( 13), 499 . 924

.

137

[,

( 28), 94].

164) , ( 13), 103 .

165) , ( 18), 32.

166) , ( 13), 105.

84 23 3

.167)

2)

1991.9.17, 918269

.168)

2006.12.22, 200639371 169)

.

,

.

103

.

(2)

.

.

167) , , 22,

, 2002, 45-46; , , 6

1, , 2005, 125.

168) 1 1

5

.

169) 2006.3.24, 20057408 103

. A

B 2 5

B C, C D

D A 2 5

. 103

A .

85

1)

.

( 844),

( 855, 863, 864) .

, ,

.

844

.

, .170)

.171)

.

.

.

, .172)

.173)

.

,

.

170) , ( 160), 295

.

171) , , 3, ,

1993, 17, 61 .

172) , , 48 3,

, 2007, 19.

173) , ( 26), 19.

86 23 3

174) .

2)

, . 103

. 746

.

746

,175)

746

.176)

.177)

174) Salk

( /, Baby M

, , 79, 432).

,

, ,

,

, ,

,

,

. 781 6

.

. ,

, 22 2,

, 2008/7, 39; , , 352,

, 2005/12, 86-109 .

175) 1993.12.10, 9312947; 2007.2.15, 200450426.

176) , , , 2003, 581; , , , 2007, 714

. , , , 1997, 595

746 .

177) , , , 2007, 1391 .

, , , 2008, 1312 .

87

,

.

.

, .

.

.178)

.179)

,

.

.180)

.

,

.181)

( 863).

.182)

, .

. ,

.

.

178) , ( 167), 46.

179) , ( 5), 30.

180) , ( 32), 50.

181) , ( 28), 77.

182) , ( 13), 110; , ( 5), 30.

88 23 3

3)

.

, ,

844

. 844

.183)

8259

, 844

.

844 .

.

,

. .184)

.

.185)

,

183) 1978.10.10. 7829

, .

184) 2005 846

.

185) ( 9082 1 1

) .

.

89

865

.186)

, .

.

. 909 4

,

.

,

.

. ,

.

4)

,

, .

,

. , ,

,

.

.

187)

.

, ,

.

,

, 686

186) , ( 13), 108.

187) .

90 23 3

3 688 3

.188)

.

746

.

.

.

,

,

.189)

,

, .

.190)

,

. , ,

,

.191)

188) , ( 13), 110, 112.

189) , ( 13), 506.

190) , ( 13), 111-112.

191) , ( 28), 101.

91

.

,

. 17

.192) 17

. 18

, 13

2

, 51

1 62 63 .193)

,

. ,

.

1.

192) (2006.4.29. ),

(2006.10.19. ),

. 3

. 14

17 1 . 22

1

. 11 1 .

.

11 2

. , ,

34, , 2009/ 5, 185; ,

, 49 2, , 2008, 66

.

193)

,

.

92 23 3

1 ,

.

13.5% .

: 2001

46.9%, 20.4%,

10.2%, 17.4%, 5.1%

.194)

.

1 100

195)

196)

.

,

,

,

.

.

194) , :

2001, , 47 12, 2004, 2299.

195) , 2001.5.1. . 2005.6.11. 2005

17,000-18,000 0.5

.

2005 2 23 . , 3,500-8,000

.

,

.

196) , 2000.12.8. .

93

2.

(1) 197)

,

98% .

36%, 47%

.

49% , 42% .

.

103 47%

,

30%, 18% .

103

. 103

. 57%

.

(2) 198)

100%

. 31%, 66%

. 35%,

62% .

.

68%

197)

40,

20, 40, 100

. , .

198) ,

, 100 .

94 23 3

.

68%

.

.

(3) 199)

, .

73%, 63%

.

, (37%)

(27%) .

61%

.200)

3.

(1)

103

,

.201)

199) , 100

.

200) ,

.

201) , ( 28), 91.

.

95

.202)

,

.

.203)

3 13

3 204) 3

.

.

(2)

.

,

.

.

,

.

.205)

.

,

202) , ( 13), 103-106 .

203) , ( 18), 32; , ( 172), 27

.

204) , ( 127), 97-98.

205) , ( 43), 70-71.

96 23 3

.

.

.206)

, .

1

207)

.

.

, 3

.

.

,

, ,

.208)

.

, .209)

.

, ,

.

,

206) , ( 18), 51; ,

,

, 2005/5, 20.

. (Same-sex Marriage)

.

207) USCACA .

208) , ( 18), 53.

209) , ( 18), 54.

97

.

.210)

.

Parental Order

.211)

.

.

. ,

.212)

(

) ,

.

,

,

.

.213)

210) , ( 206), 21; , ( 172), 28-29

, 815

, ,

.

211) , ( 43), 73.

212) , ( 18), 53.

213) , ( 43), 73.

98 23 3

.

.214)

.215) ,

, ,

.

.

.

.

.

VII.

.

.

,

214) , ( 123),

101- 102 ; , ( 192), 85-86 .

215)

.

2006.4.26 .

, , ,

surrogacy agreement, assisted reproduction, the status of the child resulting from

surrogacy agreement, the foreign legislations regulating the gestational surrogacy

agreement

99

.

,

.

.

.

,216)

.

.

216) / , , ,

2008, 23.

100 23 3

1.

, , (2005 ).

, , (2000).

/, , (2008).

/ , , (2008).

, (1997).

, , (2002).

, , (1992).

,

, (2004).

, , (2007).

, , 12 2(2004/

12).

, , , (1988).

, , , (1987/12).

/, Baby M , ,

79.

, , 9 1.

, , 22,

(2002).

, , 103(2008/4).

/, , 42

(1996).

, , 2 2(2002).

, , 12 2, (2005).

, , 3 1(2002/6).

, ,

(2006).

, , 15 1,

(2005).

, , 3 1,

101

(2002/6).

, , 10 1,

(2009/6).

, , 79, (1987).

, , 39(2007/12).

,

, (2005/5).

, , 6 1,

(2005).

, , ,

10(2004/12).

, , 21

(1988).

, , 34 6(2001).

, , 19 2(2005/3).

, , , 34, (2009/5).

, , 21 3(2007/11).

, , 49 2,

(2008).

, , 16,

(2006).

, : , 549,

(2003).

, , 19 2(2005/9).

, , 29(2005/

12).

, , (2000/9).

, 2002 , :

, 17 1( 19) (2003).

, , 2,

(1996).

, , 4 4(1993 ).

, , 19 2

(2005).

, , 28, (1998/2).

, , 48 3,

, 2007.

102 23 3

, , 29(1998/12).

, , () 14(1987).

, , Juris Forum ,

(1998/2).

, , 13(1999).

, , (), 910(1991).

, / ( ), , 8, , 2004.

, , , 2004.

Munson, R. Munson (/ ), , ,

2001.

( ),

, 11(1997).

, R. ( ), , and ,

, 1998.

, ( ), : [ ], ,

1995.

Pence, Gregory E. Pence (// ), ( ),

, 2003.

2.

, , No.747(1991).

,

(2000).

Alpern, Kenneth D., The Ethics of Reproductive Technology, Oxford University press

(1992).

Anderson, Elizabeth S., Is Woman's Labor a Commodity?, Philosophy and Public

Affairs 19(Winter 1990).

Andrews, Lori B./Nanette Elster, Regulating Reproductive Technologies, Journal of

Legal Medicine, Vol.21(March 2000).

Dworkin, Life's domination, London Harper Collins Publishers(1993).

Ellman/Kurtz/Scott, Family Law 3rd ed., LEXIS Law Publishing(1998).

103

Hall, Darel J., The management of genetic origins, Human Reproduction, Vol.13, No.

11(1998).

KRAUSE, HARRY D./DAVID D. MEYER, FAMILY LAW IN A NUTSHELL,

Thomson/west(2007).

Krim, Todd M., Comparative Health Law : Beyond Baby M : International Perspective on

Gestational Surrogacy and the Demise of the Unitary Biological Mother(1996).

Krimmel, Herbert T., The Case Against Surrogate Parenting, Hasting Center Report

13, N.5(1983).

Laufer-Ukeles, Pamela, Approaching Surrogate Motherhood: Reconsidering Difference,

Vermont Law Review, Vol.26(Winter 2002).

Lee, Robert G. Derek Morgan, Human Fertilization Embryology(2001).

LOWE, NIGEL and GILLIAN DOUGLAS, Bromley's Family Law, Oxford University

Press(2007).

McCormick, Richard A., Surrogate Motherhood : A stillborn Idea, Second Opinion,

Vol.5(1985).

Mitchell, C. Ben, A Perspective on Cloning, Ethics and Medicine(Volume 14:1 Spring

1998).

Oldham, Mika, Blackstone's Statutes on Family Law, Oxford University Press(2008).

Rae, Scott B., Brave New Families?, The Ethics of Reproductive Technologies,

Christian Research Journal(Spring 1993).

Robertson, John A., Surrogate Motherhood : Not So Novel after all, Hasting Center

Report, Vol.13(1983).

Stumpf, Andrea E., Redefining Mother: A Legal Matrix for New Reproductive

Technologies, Yale Law Journal, Vol.18(November 1986).

Tiller, Sharon L., Litigation, Legislation, and Limelight: Obstacles to Commercial

Surrogate Mother Arrangements, 72 IOWA L. Rev. 415(1987).

WADLINGTON, WALTER/RAYMOND C. O'BRIEN, DOMESTIC RELATIONS(CASES

AND MATERIALS), FOUDATION PRESS(2007).

WADLINGTON, WALTER/RAYMOND C. O'BRIEN, FAMILY LAW STATUES,

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND UNIFORM LAWS, FOUDATION

PRESS(2007).

Weisberg, D. Kelly, Family Law(emmanuel law outlines), Aspen Publishers(2008).

Whitehead, Mary Beth, with Loretta Schwartz-Nobel. A Mother's Story : The Truth

About the Baby M Case. New York : St. Martin's Press(1989).

Deutsch, Medizinrecht, 4.Aufl.(1998).

104 23 3

Medicus, Das Fremde Kind: Komplikationen bei Leihemutterschaft, Jura 1986.

Schluter, BGB Familienrecht, 2005, Heidelberg.

Soergel-Liermann, Kommentar zum BGB, 13.Aufl.(2000).

105

The Study on Surrogacy Agreement

Jong Hee, Seo

It shows that the development of Biotechnology raise new issues of

application and interpretation of family law. One of the issues is

surrogacy agreement. That is to say, the proliferation of new productive

technology such as in-vitro fertilization makes it available for infertile

couples to make the gestational surrogacy agreement with the prospective

surrogate mother. So in Korea, it is reported that the number of

instances concerned with this agreement is now increasing. But, there is

no legislation in Korea with regard to this agreement, whether it is valid

or invalid. It indicates that there are limitations on solving these

problems through current statutes. It means that solving these problems

leaves theory and a judicial precedent. According to traditional opinion,

the argument that surrogacy agreement is not valid for the reason that

it violates Article 103(Public Policy) of Civil Law. However the concept of

'public order and standards of decency' is not fixed but changeable. Thus,

whether surrogacy agreement is valid or not invalid must acknowledge

according to the contents of the agreement made by the concerned

parties.

In order to prevent legal disputes over the decision of mother child

relationship in case of childbirth through gestational surrogacy, it is

necessary to provide by law. Therefore we must refer to international

perspectives on the foreign legislations in order to provide with some

guideline for Korean legislation regulating the gestational surrogacy

agreement. Through international perspectives, we must establish a law

for the effect of this agreement(i.e. the status of the child resulting from this

106 23 3

agreement, the legitimate mother, the possibility of termination, etc.) and the

requirement for validating the surrogacy agreement(i.e. the qualification of

intended parents and the surrogate mother, the form of this agreement, a

reward for surrogacy agreement, etc).

Denying surrogacy agreement can be another way to concubines in

secret. Besides, though surrogacy agreement is forbidden by law, it will

be an unrealistic legislation. Put it in a nutshell, we noted that attaining

the best interest of the child resulting from surrogacy agreement should

be the goal for Korean legislation.

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 1200 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile (None) /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure true /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles true /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /NA /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /LeaveUntagged /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice