1MOT SO KHAI NIEM TONG QUAT VE D AN & QUAN LY D AN

Tai lieu lu hanh noi bo phuc vu cho lp Quan ly d an xay dngC s dng v tham kho ti liu ca TS. Lu Trng Vn

Giang vien: Trn Trung Hu, M.EngThng 6/2009

2KHAI NIEM VE D AN

Nhomcac congviec

Muc tieu nhat nh

Co thi iem bat au

Co thi iem ketthuc

S dung tai nguyenco gii han

Quy trnhxac nh

D AN

3KHAI NIEM D AN AU T XAY DNG HAY D AN XAY DNG

-Tap hpnhng exuat, ytng

-Bo vone taomi, mrong, caitao congtrnh xaydng

-Cong trnh at chatlng

-Khoang thi gianxac nh

-S dung kinh ph, nguon nhan vat lc

hp ly

Thc hientheo quytrnh

4AC IEM CUA D AN

CO MUC TIEU RO RANGCO THI HAN NHAT NH- Khi au;- Trien khai;- Ket thuc.

NGUON LC HAN CHE (kinh ph, nhan cong, vatt)

DUY NHAT;LUON LUON TON TAI MAU THUAN;KHONG LAP LAI.

5QUY TRNH THC HIEN DAT

Hnh thanh ytng -> xac nhmuc tieu

Lap bao cao aut

Lap d an au t

CHUAN B D AN AU

T

THC HIEN D AN T

KET THUC D AN T

Giai oan thiet ke

Giai oan au thau

Giai oan thi cong

Giai oannghiem thu, bangiao.

Bao hanh va baotr cong trnh

6B- KHAI NIEM VA AC IEM QUAN LY D AN

7QUAN LY D AN VAQUAN LY D AN XAY DNG?

Quan ly d an va la mot NGHE THUAT va lamot KHOA HOC phoi hp thiet b, vat t, kinh phnham thc hien d an at muc ch e ra mot cachhieu qua Nghe thuat gan chat cac kha canh ca nhan vica nhan CONG VIEC LANH AO CON NGI

Khoa hoc bao gom cac phng phap, cac tientrnh thc hien, cac cong cu va cac ky thuat.

Quan ly d an xay dng (QLDAXD) va la motNGHE THUAT, va la mot KHOA HOC phoi hpthiet b, vat t, kinh ph nham hoan thanh cong trnhxay dng at chat lng, am bao thi gian va sdung kinh ph hp ly nhat

8NOI DUNG CONG TAC QUAN LY D AN AU T XAY DNG

CHAT LNG

CHAT LNGCHAT

LN

G

QUY MO

THI GIANKINH PH

9NOI DUNG CONG TAC QUAN LY D AN AU T XAY DNG

(ieu 45 Luat Xay Dng)

Quan ly chat lng;

Khoi lng;

Tien o;

An toan lao ong;

Moi trng xay dng.

10

CAC TIEU CHUAN ANH GIA VIEC QUAN LYD AN

Mot d an THANH CONG co cac ac iem sau: at c muc tieu e ra;

Cong trnh at chat lng;

Hoan thanh d an trong thi gian quy nh;

Hoan thanh d an trong kinh ph cho phep;

S dung nguon nhan vat lc mot cach hieu qua vahu hieu.

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NHNG TR NGAI TRONG QLDA

o phc tap cua d an;

Yeu cau ac biet cua chu au t;

Cau truc lai to chc;

Rui ro trong d an;

Thay oi cong nghe;

Ke hoach va gia ca c xac nh trc.

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CAC CHC NANG CUA QLDA

Hoach nh: Xac nh phng hng hoat ong cuad an

To chc: Xac nh cach thc hoat ong phu hp Phan cong: La chon ngi co chuyen mon thchien cong viec

Hng dan: Phoi hp cac thanh vien cua d an echo cong viec c nh hng theo muc tieu chung

Kiem soat: am bao cong viec c thc hien theoke hoach va hng en muc tieu d an

13

TONG QUAN VE CAC LNH VC KIEN THC TRONG QUA TRNH QUAN LY D AN THEO PMI

Quan ly tong the d an (Integrated Project Management) Quan ly quy mo (pham vi) d an (Project scope management) Quan ly thi gian cua d an (Project time management) Quan ly chi ph cua d an (Project cost management) Quan ly chat lng cua d an (Project quality management) Quan ly nguon nhan lc cua d an (Project human resource

management) Quan ly thong tin cua d an (Project Communications

management) Quan ly rui ro cua d an (Project risk management) Quan ly cung ng cua d an (Project procurement management)

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qun l tng th d n Gm cc qu trnh cn thit m bo rng ccthnh phn ca d n c iu phi mt cch hp l, t v vt yu cu ca cc bn tham gia d n.

1. QT pht trin iu l DA2. Qt pht trin S b phm vi da3. Qt pht trin k hoch QLDA4. Qt lnh o v Qun l thc hin d n5. Qt hng dn v kim sot cng vic DA6. Qt kim sot thay i d n7. Qt kt thc da

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Qun l phm vi d n L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trng cn thit m bo bao gm tt c cc cng vic c yucu hon thnh thng li d n, gm :1. xut tng :quyt nh p ng yu cu nh th

no (iu l, qlda, iu kin hn ch ,gi thuyt )2 . Quy hoch phm vi cng vic : pht trin vn bn

chnh thc v phm vi cng vic lm c s cho cc quytnh trong tng lai ca d n3 . nh ngha phm vi cng vic :chia cc sn phm lnca d n thnh cc thnh phm nh d qun l hn4 . Xc nh phm vi cng vic :chp thun chnh thcphm vi cng vic ca d n5. kim sot thay i phm vi cng vic ca d n

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qun l thi gian d n L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trnh cn thit m

bo thi hn hon thnh d n , gm:1. xc nh cc cng tc : xc nh cc cng tc ring bit phI cthc hin lm ra cc sn phm

2. th t cc cng tc : xc nh v lp ti liu v ccmi quan h tng tc gia cc cng tc

3. c lng ti nguyn tng cng tc ; xc nh ti nguyn g ( nhn lc , thit b , vt liu) v s lng no cn thit cho micng tc

4. c lng thi gian hon thnh : c lng thi gian cn thit hon thnh tng cng tc

5. pht trin k hoch : phn tch th t thc hin cc cng tc,thigian hon thnh v ngun lc cn thit lp ra k hoch d n

6. kim sot k hoch:kim sot s thay i ca k hoch

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qun l chi ph d n L mt phn ca qun l d n, bao gm cc qu trnhcn thit m bo d n c hon thnh trong ngnsch c duyt, gm :1. quy hoch ngun lc :xc nh cc ngun lc( vt liu, thit b ,nhn lc) v s lng ca chng dc dng thc hin cc cng vic ca d n2. c lng chi ph : tnh ton gn ng cc khon chi ph cho cc ngun lc cn thit hon thnh tng hng mc ca d n3 . Ngn sch chi ph : xc nh tng d ton chi ph hon thnh ton b d n4. kim sot chi ph :kim sot cc thay i chi ph trongsut qu trnh thc hin d n

18

Qun l cht lng d n L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trnh cn thit m bo d n s tho mn cc yu cu c ra, n gm :

1. lp k hoch CL : xc nh cc tiu chun cht lnglin quan n d n v bin php tho mn chng

2. m bo CL :vic thc hin cc hot ng theo khoch trong h thng cht lng cung cp lng tin ld n s tho mn cc tiu chun cht lng c ra

3. kim sot CL: iu khin cc kt qu ring bit ca dn xem chng c tun th cc tiu chun cht lng hay khng, xc nh cch loi b cc nguyn nhn ca cccng vic khng tho mn CL

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qun l nhn lc d n

L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trnh cn thit s dng c hiu qu ngun nhn lc tham gia vo dn . n gm :

1. quy hoch t chc: xc nh ,lp h s v t ra vai tr, trch nhim v quan h bo co cng vic ca da

2. b nhim cn b : tm kim ngun nhn lc cn thit vb nhim vo cc cng vic trong d n

3. pht trin nhm cng tc: pht trin cc nhm v cc cnhn c tay ngh, nghip v thc thi d n

20

qun l giao tip d n L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trnh cn thit m bo to ra, thu nhn, ct gi ,v x l thng tin ca d n kp thi gian . N gm:

1. quy hoch giao tip: xc nh cc yu cu v thng tin v giao tip ca cc bn tham gia d n . AI cn thng tin no ,lc no v s giao thng tin th no

2. phn phi thng tin: lm cho cc thng tin cn thit lunsn sng v kp thi gian

3. bo co thc hin : thu nhn, truyn b thng tin, baogm bo co tnh trng hin ti, kt qu ca tin trnh vd bo.

4. kt thc qun tr hnh chnh: to ra , thu nhn cc boco nh gi cho tng giai on hoc khi kt thc d n

21

Qun l ri ro d n L mt phn ca qun l d n, bao gm cc qu trnhlin quan ti vic xc nh ,phn tch v x l ri ro cad n. n gm:

1. xc nh ri ro: xc nh ri ro no thng nh hngn d n, to lp h s cc c im ca tng ri ro

2. nh lng ri ro : nh gi ri ro v quan h tng tcca ri ro kim nh mc nh hng kh d ti ktqu d n.

3. trin khai i ph ri ro :xc nh cc bc c lin quann vn hi v x l cc him ho.

4. kim sot i ph ri ro :kim sot s bin i ca riro trong sut qu trnh trin khai d n.

22

ql qu trnh tm kim ,mua sm ca da

L mt phn ca QLDA, bao gm cc qu trnh cn thit tm kim hng ho, dch v ngoI kh nng thc hinca t chc. N gm :

1. quy hoch tm kim :xc nh tm kim g khi no2. quy hoch nhu cu : lp h s cc sn phm yu cu vxc nh cc ngun cung cp kh d.

3. Mi thu : lp phiu bo gi, u thu ,cho hng cnh tranh hoc xut theo tnh hnh c th

4. la chn nh thu :la chn trong s nt c nng lc.5. qun l hp ng: m bo p ng cc iu khon h6. kt thc hp ng :hon thnh v thanh l h k c ccgiI php cho cc hng mc cha t yu cu

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CAC KHAI NIEM S to chc (organizing) la qua trnh sap xep con ngi va nguon lc

nham phoi hp lan nhau e hoan thanh mot muc tieu. Cach thc ma trong o cac bo phan khac nhau cua mot to chc c

sap xep mot cach chnh thc thng c goi la cau truc to chc. Cau truc to chc la mot he thong cua cac nhiem vu, cac quan hebao bao va cac ket qua cua thong tin

Ban hoc c g t s o cua mot to chc: S phan chia cong viec: Cac v tr va chc danh ch ra cac trach

nhiem. Cac quan he giam sat: ai se bao cao en ai Cac kenh lien lac: Ch ra dong thong tin chnh thc t au en au Cac cau truc chnh ben di: Cac v tr ma bao cao en nha quan

ly chung Cac cap o cua quan ly: Ch ra cac phan lp cua quan ly

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CAU TRUC TO CHC

Kieu mau c at ra e e phoi hp hoat ong gia cacthanh vien trong to chc

Giao trach nhiem va quyen li en tng thanh vien trong tochc va thiet lap trach nhiem cho cac ket qua

Thiet lap cac ieu kien can thiet cho s phoi hp lan nhaugia cac thanh vien

CAC LOAI CAU TRUC TO CHC

Cau truc theo chc nang: Cau truc theo d an: Cau truc theo ma tran:

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CAU TRUC CHC NANG (FUNCTIONNAL STRUCTURES)

Mot cau truc chc nang tap hp cac con ngi vi kynang tng t e lam nhng nhiem vu tng t

Li iem:Li the theo quy mo vi s s dung nguon lc co hieu

quaNhiem vu phan cong phu hp vi tai chuyen mon va s

ao taoGiai quyet c van e thuoc ve ky thuat chat lng caoao tao chuyen sau va phat trien cac ky nang trong vong

cac chc nangCac con ng nghe nghiep ro rang trong vong cac chc

nang

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CAU TRUC TO CHC TRONG MOT CONG TY

KHUYET IEM CUA CAU TRUC CHC NANG Thieu s phoi hp va giao tiep cheo gia cac chc nang Kha nang phan ng kem vi cac thay oi cua moi trng

xung quanh

Giam oc

Trngphong tiep

th

Trngphong Taichnh

Trngphong nhan

s

Trngphong kinh

doanh

27

Buyers etc

Purchasing Manager

Draughtsman

Engineers

Senior EngineerMechanical/Elelectrical

Draughtsman

Engineers

Senior EngineerCivil

Draughtsman

Engineers

Senior EngineerProcess

Project Manager

Management

Simple Line Responsibility

28

Tran ThanhKe toan

Le BnhKinh Doanh

inh HoangD an

Le Van Tai Le Th Lan Bui Van Kim

Pham TungKy thuat

Nguyen BaoNhan s

Le Van MinhGiam oc

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CAU TRUC D AN Mot cau truc d an tap hp tap hop nhng ca nhan ma lam viec

chung trong mot d an vi nhng oi tng tng t. Li iem: Rat linh ong trong phan ng vi cac thay oi cua moi trng Cai thien s phoi hp cheo gia cac bo phan chc nang Tai chuyen mon tap trung vao cac oi tng cu the De dang thay oi kch thc bang viec them vao hay bt ra cac d an Khuyet iem: Co the lam giam li the theo quy mo Co the lam gia tang chi ph bi s trung lap trong nguon lc va no lc

cua cac d an khac nhau. Qua nhan manh vao mot d an co the lam ton hai en toan bo Co the tao ra canh tranh khong lanh manh

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Tran ThanhD an 1

Le BnhD an 2

inh HoangD an 3

Le Van TaiNhan vien d an 4

Kinh doanh

Le Th LanNhan vien d an 4Ke toan+tai chanh

Bui Van KimNhan vien d an 4

Ky thuat

Pham TungD an 4

Nguyen BaoD an 5

Le Van MinhGiam oc ieu hanh

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CAU TRUC MA TRAN Mot cau truc ma tran la phng thc ket hp gia cau truc chc nang

va cau truc d an. Li iem: S phoi hp chc nang ben trong tot hn trong van hanh va x ly rac

roi. Gia tang s linh ong trong them, bt, thay oi s van hanh e phu hp

vi pha cau (demand). Trach nhiem thc hien cong viec cua cac thanh vien tot hn xuyen qua

cac chu nhiem d an (project manager). Cai thien thien tien trnh ra quyet nh xuyen qua nhom d an (project

team) ngay tai ni lam viec v tai o thong tin tot nhat la co san Cai thien s quan ly chien lc v lanh ao c giai phong khoi viec

x ly nhng van e khong can thiet e tap trung giai quyet vao cac noidung chien lc.

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CAU TRUC MA TRAN

Khuyet iem: He thong hai Sep co the gay ra nhng truc trac. Nhan vien cua cau truc ma tran co the nhan nhiemvu m ho v nhan lenh mau thuan nhau t hai Sep.

Co the gay ra gia tang chi ph v s gia tang chi phlng cua cac trng nhom

Long trung thanh cao vi nhom co the gay ra thiethai cho cac muc tieu ln hn cua to chc.

33

CAU TRUC MA TRAN TRONG MOT CONG TY QUAN LY CAC D AN NHO

Giam oc

TrngPhong d

an

TrngPhong kinh

doanh

TrngPhong kythuat

TrngPhong ke

toan

CNDA 1

CNDA 3

CNDA 2

34

Tho lun

1. Hay ch ra cac ieu kien ap dung cho tngkieu cau truc to chc (gi y: ban nen tonghp thanh bang bieu)?

35

MUC TIEU CUA QUAN LY D AN

Hoan thanh d an:ung hanTrong chi ph a d truat yeu cau a at raS dung nguon nhan lc mot cach hieuqua

36

Quan ly d an (Project Management) la g?

unlocked QLDA (Project Management) chuyeu la QUAN LY THAY OI (MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE)

Co ngha la:

Neu s viec c dien ra suon se th chungta khong can en Quan ly d an ! Ma chn thuan la lap ke hoach va trien khai

thc hien !

37

Chu nhiem d an (Project Manager) - Ngilanh ao (The Leader)....

Ba giai oan quan trong e loi cuon moi ngi theo ban(getting people to follow you) Theo Kouzes and Posner Tam nhn (Vision)

Involvement (Loi cuon moi ngi)Persistence (kien tr)

Cac lanh ao can co tam nhn xa. Ho can phai nhan thcro ho khong the at c muc ch bang cach lamviecn oc v vay ho can loi cuon nhng ngi khac vaocong viec. Sau o, ho phai kien tr lam viec hng vecac muc ch cua ho.

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Chu nhiem d an - Ngi lanh ao

5 yeu to c ban cho mot nha lanh ao Thach thc vi tien trnh

Chia se tam nhn

Tao ieu kien ngi khac hanh ong

Lam gng

Khuyen khch nhiet huyet

Kouzes va Posner

39

VAI TRO CUA CNDA TRONG HOACH NH

Lap ke hoach cac cong viec can lam Thiet lap muc tieu d an va nhng yeu cau thc hien Phoi hp cung cac chuyen gia e hoach nh va c tnh chi

ph. Xac nh nhng s kien quan trong cua d an. D tru nhng tnh huong bat ng Tranh thay oi ke hoach tr trng hp can thiet Chuan b hp ong ung quy nh gia cac ben Truyen at lai ke hoach d an, xac nh trach nhiem moi ca

nhan, thi gian va chi ph thc hien Thc hien theo ke hoach

40

VAI TRO CUA CNDA TRONG CHC NANG TO CHC

To chc thc hien d an theo cong viec yeucau

Phan chia (Break down) d an thanh nhngcong viec cu the co the o lng c.

Thiet lap mot s o to chc cho moi d an, trong o can ch ra ai, lam g

Xac nh quyen va trach nhiem cua moithanh vien tham gia d an

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VAI TRO CUA CNDA TRONG CHC NANG PHAN CONG

Xac nh ro rang cac cong viec can thc hien va lachon ngi thc hien.

Thc hien buoi hop gii tieu muc tieu cua d an chocac thanh vien cua d an t luc bat au d an.

Giai thch ro rang vi cac thanh vien ve cong vieccua ho.

Lam cho cac thanh vien hieu ro va ong y vi yeucau cua d an ve chat lng, kinh ph, va thi gianthc hien

42

VAI TRO CUA CNDA TRONG CHC NANG HNG DAN

CNDA phai u nang lc e phoi hp cac lnh vc quan trong cuad an.

CNDA phai the hien moi quan tam va s nhiet tnh thc hien dan.

Tao c hoi cho moi ngi co the tiep can c, cong khai cacvan e va giai quyet cac van e theo quan iem cung hp tac.

Phan tch va kham pha cac van e kp thi e sm tm c cachgiai quyet.

Cung cap cac tai nguyen can thiet e thc hien cong viec vahoan thanh d an.

Nhan thc c tam quan trong cua cac thanh vien, ngi khen hokhi cong viec c lam tot, hng dan ho khac phuc sai lam vaxay dng mot nguon nhan lc co hieu qua.

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VAI TRO CUA CNDA TRONG CHC NANG KIEM SOAT

Thng xuyen ghi nhan va theo doi qua trnh thchien cac cong viec trong thc te va theo ke hoach.

Duy tr mot bieu o / bang tnh e so sanh chi ph vathi gian thc hien cong viec trong thc te va theoke hoach.

Ghi nhan lai cac cuoc hop, cac cuoc no chuyenbang ien thoai, va cac cuoc trao oi thoa thuanhp ong.

am bao la moi ngi c thong tin ay u ve tnhhnh thc hien d an.

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Tom tat vai tro va trach nhiem cua giamocd an (Project manager)

Kiem soat mot d an t luc khi au en luc ket thucd an

Thiet lap Ban Quan ly d an (Project Management Team)

Can nhac can than tat ca cac giai phap co theChuan b mot Ke hoach quan ly d an (Project Management Plan)

Quan ly cac thay oiThay mat chu au t chi tra tat ca cac chi ph d antheo hp ong

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Tom tat vai tro va trach nhiem cua giamocd an (Project manager)

ieu phoi tat ca cac hoat ong cua Ban Quan lyd an

Xem xet mot cach nh ky tien trnh d anBao cao tien trnh d an en chu au tam bao cac quy trnh kiem tra chat lng laang c thc hien ay u va ung cach

Tham gia vao xem xet/kiem toan hau d an