TRNG I HC NNG LM THI NGUYN KHOA CNSH CNTP

BO CO THC TP NGH NGHIPMN : CNG NGH SN XUT BIA RU

V NC GII KHT(Ti Cng ty Bia VICOBA Phan nh Phng, Thnh ph Thi Nguyn)

GVHD: ThS. Nguyn Hu Ngh Sinh Vin: Nhm 5 Lp: K39 BQCBNS Khoa: CNSH CNTP

Thi Nguyn thng 11/2010

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NNG LM THI NGUYN KHOA CNSH & CNTP

DANH SCH NHM THC TP BIA VICOBA

1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

H Quang Vit Dng Th Ngn H T Th Hng Nguyn Th Thu H Nguyn Th Chu Giang Ph Th Tho Nguyn Tin Thnh

Phn I. GII THIU V N V THC TP I. Lch s pht trin ca cng ty c phn v ch bin thc phm Thi Nguyn (VICOBA).

1. Gii thiu v cng tyBia l mt sn phm thc phm khng ch l thc ung vt cht m cn l mn n tinh thn. V phng din thc phm, bia l ung c cn thp, dinh dng cao c sn xut t malt i mch, th liu, hoa houblon, nc.... Ngay t nhng nm 7000 trc cng nguyn, bia ra i nh mt th thuc cha bnh, nc gii kht. Ngy nay, khi x hi ngy cng pht trin, nhu cu v bia ngy cng tng, nghnh bia ngy cng pht trin, bia lun c mt trong cc ngy l, tt, ci, hi....nh mt th gii tr tht s. Cng ty c phn ch bin thc phm Thi Nguyn c xy dng trn a bn ng Phan nh Phng thnh ph Thi Nguyn. Cng ty c phn ch bin thc phm Thi Nguyn (Bia VICOBA) hin ang c 60 lao ng. Lao ng gin tip c 13 ngi, cn li l lc lng sn xut v ph tr. Tin thn ca cng ty l x nghip bnh ko Bc Thi, c xy dng nm 1973, nm 1975 i vo hot ng. Sau hn chc nm sn xut bnh ko do thit b th cng nn x nghip bnh ko khng tiu th c hng. Nm 1992 s cng nghip sp nhp hai x nghip bnh ko Bc Thi v x nghip nc chm thnh x nghip ch bin thc phm. Ban lnh o x nghip tm kim mt hng v th trng tiu th. c s ng h gip ca cc ban ngnh x nghip bt u chuyn sang xy dng dy chuyn sn xut bia hi c cng sut 1000 lt/ ngy. Nm 1993 m rng sn xut vi cng sut 3000 lt/ngy. Nm 1994 lin doanh vi cng ty than ni a m rng dy truyn sn xut 10.000lt/ngy. Gn 10 nm lin doanh vi cng ty than ni a, bia viccoba cng c ngi tiu dng Thi Nguyn la chn. Sn phm bia hi c bn ch yu thnh ph Thi Nguyn v mt s huyn nh i T, V Nhai, Ph Bnh, Ph Yn cha vn n cc tnh ln cn. Thc hin quyt nh s 4062/Q-UB ngy 31/12/2003 ca y ban nhn dn tnh Thi Nguyn, x nghip ch bin thc phm c phn ha 10% l vn ca cc c ng v i tn thnh Cng ty c phn ch bin thc phm Thi Nguyn. Sau khi c phn ha c 1 nm cng ty nhn thy thc t hin nay nhu cu tiu dng bia trn cc th trng lin tc tng nhanh, cc i tng s dng bia c m

rng. Hin nay, vi nng lc v thit b c ca nh my Bia Thi Nguyn ch cung cp mt phn nhu cu th trng. Do , cng ty u t xy dng mt dy truyn sn xut bia khp kn vi trnh t ng ha cn bn tng i hin i, nhm gim gi thnh v nng cao cht lng sn phm p ng nhu cu ca th trng, to cng n vic lm cho cn b cng nhn vin v s pht trin vng chc ca cng ty. Cng sut thit k ca dy chuyn ang sn xut l 5 10triu lt/nm. p ng nhu cu cho nhn dn trong tnh v cc tnh ln cn song cn nhiu kh khn v vn cng ty cha vn c ti cc tnh bn, l iu cng ty ang phi c gng n lc hn na trong sn xut kinh doanh t c hiu qu cao.

Phn II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT BIA

Sn phm to thnh c c khch hng a chung v ng vng trn th trng hay khng u ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng ca sn phm. Chnh v vy m Cng ty rt ch trng khi sn xut cng nh kim tra cht lng sn phm trc khi a ra th trng tiu th. M quy trnh cng ngh li nh hng n vic t chc sn xut, cht lng sn phm v k c hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut Bia mang tnh lin tc theo phng php sn xut dy chuyn, c tnh cng ngh khc nhau s to ra Bia c cc cp cht lng khc nhau. Nguyn liu chnh sn xut cc loi Bia gm Malt, go, hoa houblon, nc. - Malt i mch: L loi thc malt c ny mm trong iu kin thch hp v c sy kh theo mt cng ngh c bit. Malt c mu vng sng, ht u, c mi thm c trng cn c, v ngt nh. Malt c nhp cc nc nh: ng u, B, an Mch, Php. Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh sn xut cc loi bia. Qu trnh quan trng nht m ht i mch tr thnh ht malt l s ny mm (mc tiu ch yu ca qu trnh sn xut malt) l hot ha, tch ly v khi lng v hot lc ca h enzym c trong i mch. H enzym (amilaza, proteaza, sitiaza, esraza) ny s l ng lc ch yu phn tch protein v gluxit cao phn t trong ni nh ca ht thnh cc sn phm c phn t nh (ch yu l ng n, dextrin bc thp, axit amin, anbumazo, pepton v nhiu cht khc) ha tan bn vng vo nc thnh cht chit ca dch ng. Mc ch trn y t c bng cch to iu lin thch hp v m, nhit , thng thong kh cho khi ht phi pht trin. Sau qu trnh ny mm, em sy kh, tch r, lm sch ta c malt phc v ch yu cho ngnh sn xut bia. - Hoa Hupblon: C mi thm c bit, v ng du, mu xanh hi vng c nhp t CHLB c, M hoc Tip. Hoa c ch bin theo 2 dng: dng hoa vin c ch bin thnh dng vin v c ng trong ti thic ht chn khng trnh b oxi ha. Dng cao c ng trong hp st ty chit sut bng CO2. Hoa Hupblon l nguyn liu c bn (th 2 sau malt i mch) ca cng ngh sn xut bia. Hoa Hupblon c tc dng lm cho bia c v ng, v thm, hng thm rt dc trng, lm tng kh nng to bt, gi bt, lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca sn phm.. Hoa Hupblon bo qun khng tt th cc axit dng s b oxi ha bin thnh nha mm v nha cng, gi tr cng ngh ca hoa s ht.

Qu trnh un si hoa Hupblon vi dch ng, cht cht c tc dng tng h vi protein thnh phc cht khng ha tan. Khi ngui gip cho dch ng trong (kt ta protein khng bn vng, lm tng bn vng ca keo bia). Mt khc, kt ta gim kh nng to bt, gy cho bia c v cht d chu, nhiu tanin gy cho bia cht, ng. - Go: L nguyn liu thay th mt phn malt. Go ht u, sch cm c mi thm. V kh nng thay th malt i mch trong sn xut bia th go l loi ng cc c dng nhiu hn c. iu ny c th hi r ch l go c cha rt nhiu tinh bt, protein va phi, cht bo v xenlulozo gii hn thp.Trong qu trnh nu ta thu c nhiu cht ha tan. Mt khc v s dng go l nguyn liu thay th mt phn lm gim gi thnh sn phm m cht lng bia khng thua km so vi s dng ton b malt i mch. Khi sn xut vi lng go thay th n 30%, hon ton c th sn xut c cc loi bia c cht lng ho hng xut khu. Men Bia: L chng nm men chm Saccaromyces carlsbergensis Nm men s dng trong sn xut bia gm 2 loi : Saccaromyces

carlsbergensis (ln men chm) v Saccaromyces cerevisial (ln men ni). Tuy nhin y ta ch s dng nm men Saccaromyces carlsbergensis sn xut. Ging ny c ngun gc t nc ngoi, c hun luyn thch ng ln men chm nhit tng i cao 15 16 0C nhm rt ngn thi gian ln men ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh. Nhm cc ph gia s dng di dng nguyn liu ph nhm khc phc

cc yu cu k thut cn thit m trong qu trnh sn xut cha t ti, ta c cc ph gia ch yu sau: + Nhm cc ph gia dng s l nc: nhm ny c th s dng cc ha cht lm mm nc phc v sn xut nh : than hot tnh, cc mui ( Na2SO4, NaCl, Al2(SO3)3 ) axit lactic. + Ph gia v sinh thit b : dung dch CIP + Cht tr lc: Diatomit, Belogua 200 400 600

I.

Quy trnh cng ngh tng qut

Go Nghin Malt lt

Malt Nghin ng ha Lc B malt

Nu cho (dch cho)

Hoa houblon

Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon Lc Lng Lm lnh nhanh Ln men chnh Rt men Ln men ph v tng tr Lc trong Ra men Bock Ra Chit bock Bia hi thnh phm Men ti s dng B hoa

Chai Ra chai

Bo ha CO2 Chit chai Dp nt Thanh trng Dn nhn, xp kt

Bia chai thnh phm

II. Thuyt minh quy trnh

- Nghin nguyn liu: Nhm mc ch p v ht nguyn liu thnh nhiu mnh nh tng b mt tip xc vi nc to iu kin cho qu trnh thu phn v ng ha xy ra nhanh v trit . - Ngin malt my nghin trc: (bt malt nh, v chu dp khng c nt vn). Bt nghin malt c ti vo ni nu malt phi trn vi nc theo t l quy nh. (1malt: 3,5 nc). - Nghin go my nghin ba v bt nghin c chuyn vo ni nu cho phi trn theo t l (1go: 4nc). - Nu cho v ng ha: Nhm chuyn ha tinh bt thnh ng di tc dng ca enzyme c sn trong thc malt. - Ni cho: Sau khi phi trn go v malt th nng nhit ln 900C hm trong 30 pht ri nng si 1000C v gi trong 30pht. pH = 5,8. - Ni malt: Sau khi phi trn nguyn liu xong, nng 400C hm 10 pht. Bm mt phn dch cho sang ni malt nng nhit ni malt ln hm trong 30 pht. pH: 5,4 5,6. 50 pht tip tc nng ln 740C hm trong 40 pht. Th iot ht mu, nng nhit ln 780C v bm sang ni lc. - Ni lc: Dch trong ni nu malt s c chuyn hon ton san ni lc, ti s phn tch dch hm trong vi b. Sauk hi lc dch hm u, b c ra bng nc m c nhit 760C. Ra b 3 ln (ch khng b kh, khi nc sm sp l b ngay). - Ni hoa: Dch hm c un sut qu trnh ra b, khi ni dch y ni dch lc s thnh 1000C. Sau khi si c 10 pht th cho cao hoa v tr nng. Sauk hi si c 60 pht th b sung hoa vin. un si hoa 80 pht. T l bay hi l 8 10% l t. - Lng xoy: Sauk hi hon thnh cng on nu hoa, hm c bm sang ni lng xoy phn tch cn nng. Tng thi gian lng l 20 pht. - Lnh nhanh: Sau 20 pht lng, dch hm c bm qua thit b lnh nhanh v tank ln men, nhit dch hm l t 90 950C xung 100C v c b sung thm oxi cho dch ng t 4 6mg/lt. ng thi men ging c tip cng m bm dch u tin vo tank ln men. Lng men ging l 10%.

- Ln men: L qu trnh chuyn ha dch ng thnh ru v CO2 ti tank ln men nh nm men. Gm c 2 giai on ln men: + Ln men chnh: nhit 8 120C, thi gian t 5 7ngy. Kt thc ln men chnh ng cn li l 30S. (hng ngy kim tra nhit dch ln men v s gim ng, ng c gim dn trong 5 7 ngy ln men. Ngy y thng gim 0,50S, tip theo ngy 2, ngy 3 mi ngy gim t 1 -1,50S, ngy th 4, th 5 gim 10S n khi ng khng gim na v kim tra cn 30S th chuyn sang giai on ln men ph). Khi ln men c 24gi th thu hi CO2 n ht qu trnh ln men chnh. + Ln men ph: Khi h dch ng xung 50C sau mt ngy th cho rt men sa. Men sa c th dng cho ln men tank tip theo hoc khng dng n th x b cho chn nui. Qu trnh ln men ph cng ging ln men chnh nhng nhit thp hn t 1 40C. Thi gian t 7 14 ngy. Bia s trong dn trong qu trnh ln men ph. - Lc bia: Kt thc ln men ph bia vn cha c trong theo mun cho nn phi em lc nhm loi b nhng cn men v nhng tp cht kt ta trong qu trnh nu bia cho bia t c trong m t among mun. trong thong thng nhn qua cn nhn thy vn tay l c (hoc c th dng my o trong). - Bo ho CO2 trong qu trnh lc bia mt phn CO2 s b tht thot tng hiu qu gii kht v bo qun bia ta cn bo ha thm CO2 (CO2 c thu hi v nn vo bnh CO2). Nhit khi bo ha phi t t 0 10C th mi d bo ha c v p sut tank bo ha lun duy tr 2,5atm thi gian 8 10gi. - Chit bom, chit chai: Sau khi bia bo ha lng CO2 theo nguyn tc ng p trnh tht thot CO2. Chai cng c ng bia vo qua my ng chai t ng mm quay hoc ng th cng bng tay theo nguyn tc ng p. (bom, chai u c v trng trc khi ng bia).

nh gi quy trnh sn xut bia hi ti cng ty bia VICOBA Thc t sn xut bia ti cng ty Bia VICOBA Thi Nguyn ni chung c xy dng, thit lp t nhng c s l thuyt c sn v c nhiu nh my bia trong nc p dng. hnh thnh sn phm bia u phi tun theo nhng qui trnh nht nh, nhng thng s k thut c nghin cu trc, v d: qui trnh nu nguyn liu thay th phi c giai on h ho, dch ho, qui trnh nu malt phi c giai on m ho, ng ho..., nu p dng cch tin hnh ln men mt pha thn tr y cn th phi s dng chng men ln men chm, tin hnh ln men chnh v ln men ph trong cng mt tank, nhit ln men chnh khong 810oC, nhit ln men ph trong khong 02oC... Tuy nhin hnh thnh nn nhng sn phm bia mang c trng khc nhau th cng phi p dng nhng quy trnh, nhng thng s c th khc nhau, phi c nhng iu chnh ph hp vi thc t, ch thu phn nguyn liu cng c phn khc nhau...Trn thc t, sn xut c mt sn phm bia cn nhiu loi nguyn liu, ho cht khc nhau. Trong c nhng nguyn liu ha cht m sinh vin c hc trn l thuyt, nhng cng c nhng nguyn liu ho cht cha c tm hiu v cc nguyn liu, ho cht ny rt a dng v phong ph, mi nh my khc nhau c th dng nhng cht khc nhau. Ngoi ra, cch b tr dy chuyn sn trong nh my xut rt phc tp, hin i; nh xng, ng ng dn, h thng iu khin quy m. Bn cnh cc nh xng, thit b chnh phc v sn xut bia m sinh vin c tm hiu cn c nhiu thit b, nh xng ph tr nh: h thng lnh, l hi, phn xng c kh, in, h thng CIP, h thng x l nc cp, nc thi... Tm li, sn xut mt sn phm thc phm nh bia cn mt dy chuyn kh phc tp, cn nhiu my mc, vn, nhn s v c kinh nghim trong sn xut. Mun tm hiu k v quy trnh sn xut bia cn phi kt hp gia hc l thuyt v tip cn thc t sn xut nhiu v phi u t thi gian.

M t cng vic ca ngi k s cng ngh lm vic ti cng ty a. Kim tra nguyn liu: Malt, go, cao hoa Vic kim tra malt, go cng ty bia Vicoba Thi Nguyn ch bng cm quan bn ngoi xem c mc hng hay khng. Ngoi ra ban KCS cn kim tra m ca go nhng khng thng xuyn bng phng php ha l: Ly mu go em cn ri em sy, sau cn li suy ra c m. - m yu cu: + i vi go: 14.5%. + i vi Malt: 5%. - Tp cht, tru bi: + i vi go: 0.05% + i vi malt: 1.5% i vi houblon ch kim tra da vo ni dung in trn nhn nh: xut x, hm lng -acid ng, ... 1.1. Malt

1.1.1. Ch tiu c hc v ha hc Mu ht malt vng : vng sng, ng mt Mi : thm c trng. V : Ngt nh ( Malt en c mu sm, thm mi c ph). Hnh dng : To trn, u ht. Tp cht : c di 98%. Dng bn thy tinh : < 1% di ca mm ht :

+ T 0 chiu di ca ht