CC XU HNG QUN TR CHT LNG HIN NAYCng vi vic gia nhp WTO l nn kinh t Vit Nam v ang bc qua mt bc ngoc mi, s m rng v th trng xut nhp khu, s cnh tranh khc lit trn c th trng ni a v th trng nc ngoi; th hiu, nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng ngy cng tng cao Vic qun l v tun th cc vn v an ton v sinh thc phm, cht lng sn phm l rt cn thit v cn phi c cc tiu chun m bo cc sn phm c sn xut ra c th trng chp nhn v tiu th. Mt s h thng qun l cht lng: ISO 9001: H thng qun l cht lng, p dng cho cc nh my Global GAP: HTQLCL p dng cho vng nui trng ISO 14001: H thng qun l mi trng ISO 22000: H thng qun l an ton thc phm ISO 17025: HTQLCL p dng cho cc phng kim nghim BRC: Do hip hi bn l Anh Quc ban hnh. p dng cho cc doanh nghip xut khu EU ,c bit l cc tp on bn l ca Anh IFS( International Food Standard) : Do t chc HDE v FCD ban hnh, p dng cho cc doanh nghip xut khu vo chu u , c bit l Php v c. SQF 1000, SQF 2000: HTQL cht lng vng nui do c ban hnh. HALAL : HTQL ATTP theo yu cu hi gio ( p dng cho cc nh my thc phm xut khu vo th trng hi gio). H thng cng nhn, chng nhn.

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I/H THNG QUN L CHT LNG ISO 9000 1.ISO l g ? ISO: L T Chc Quc T V Tiu Chun Ha (The International Organization for Standardization) 2.Lch s v ISO ISO c thnh lp nm 1947 Tr s ti Geneva c p dng hn 150 nc Vit Nam l thnh vin chnh thc t nm 1977 v hin nay c bu

vo ban chp hnh ISO 3.ISO 9000 l g ? H thng qun l cht lng theo Tiu chun ISO 9000 do T chc Tiu chun ho Quc t (ISO) ban hnh ln u tin vo nm 1987 l mt trong nhng gii php qun l ti u hin nay c a s cc quc gia tha nhn. B tiu chun ISO 9000 a ra cc chun mc cho h thng qun l cht lng gn kt cht ch vi mc tiu kinh doanh ca t chc v c th p dng rng ri trong mi lnh vc sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v. Ngy 15/12/2000 T chc Tiu chun ho Quc t (ISO) ban hnh Tiu chun mi ISO 9001:2000 trn c s kt hp ba tiu chun ISO 9001:1994, ISO 9002:1994 v ISO 9003:1994. Tiu chun ISO 9001:2000 "H thng Qun l Cht lng - Cc yu cu" l mt m hnh p ng c mong mun vi s gn kt cht ch gia yu cu tho mn nhu cu khch hng, tun th vi cc yu cu lut nh v tho mc tiu ni b ca t chc. Ngoi vi tr l mt tiu chun s dng cho mc ch chng nhn ca bn th ba, ISO 9001:2000 cn c ngha nh mt cng ngh qun l tin tin vi 8 nguyn tc qun l v phng thc tip cn qu trnh c khng nh trong thc t bi nhiu t chc thnh cng hng u trn nhiu quc gia. 4.Tiu chun ISO 9001:2000 gm 5 phn chnh bao gm: 1 - H thng qun l cht lng2

2 - Trch nhim ca lnh o 3 - Qun l ngun lc 4 - To thnh sn phm/dch v 5 - o lng, phn tch v ci tin 5. B tiu chun ISO 9000 : gm c ISO 9000:2005, H thng qun l cht lng - C s v t vng

Thit lp xut pht im cho vic nm bt cc tiu chun v gii ngha cc t vng c bn c s dng trong b ISO 9000. ISO 9001:2008, H thng qun l cht lng - Cc yu cu

ra cc yu cu, c s dng chng minh kh nng ca t chc trong vic p ng cc yu cu ca khch hng v cc yu cu ch nh lin quan. c s dng trong nh gi chng nhn. ISO 9004:2000, Hng dn ci tin a ra hng dn cho vic thng xuyn ci tin h thng qun l cht lng, mang li li ch cho tt c cc bn thng qua duy tr s tho mn ca khch hng ISO 19011:2002, Hng dn nh gi h thng qun l cht lng v/hoc mi trng (ang xy dng). Hng dn xc nhn kh nng ca h thng t c cc mc ch cht lng. Tiu chun ny c th c dng trong cc hot ng nh gi ca bn th nht, bn th hai v bn th ba. Lch s sot xt cc phin bn ca b ISO 9000 Phin bn nm 1994 ISO 9000:1994 Phin bn nm 2000 ISO 9000: 2000 Phin bn nm 2008 ISO 9000: 2005 Tn tiu chun HTQLCL C s & t vng

ISO 9001: 1004 ISO 9001: 2000 H thng qun l cht ISO 9002: 1994 (bao gm ISO 9001/ ISO 9001: 2008 lng (HTQLCL) Cc 9002/ 9003) yu cu ISO 9003: 1994 ISO 9004: 1994 ISO 9004: 2000 Cha c thay i HTQLCL - Hng dn ci tin ISO 10011: ISO 19011: 2002 Cha c thay i Hng dn nh gi3

1990/1 6. Cc li ch chnh ca ISO 9000 : Tao nn mong cho san phm co cht lng: ISO 9000 giup nh hng cc hot ng theo qu trnh

HTQLCL/ Mi trng

ISO 9000 giup quan ly hoat ng san xut kinh doanh mt cach co h thng va c k hoach ISO 9000 giup giam thiu va loai tr cac chi phi phat sinh sau kim tra, chi phi bao hanh va lam lai ISO 9000 giup cai tin lin tuc h thng cht lng v cai tin lin tuc cht lng san phm. Tng nng sut va giam gia thanh: ISO 9000 cung cp cac phng tin giup cho moi ngi thc hin cng vic ung ngay t u giam thiu khi lng cng vic lam lai ISO 9000 gip kim sot chi phi x ly san phm sai hong, gim lang phi v thi gian, nguyn vt liu, nhn lc va tin bac ISO 9000 gip giam c chi phi kim tra cho ca cng ty va khach hang Tng nng lc canh tranh: ISO 9000 gip doanh nghip tng li th canh tranh thng qua vic chng t vi khach hang rng: cac san phm ho san xut phu hp vi cht lng ma ho a cam kt ISO 9000 gip doanh nghip qun l hiu qu ngun nhn lc, tch lu nhng b quyt lm vic yu t cnh tranh c bit ca kinh t th trng Tng uy tin cua cng ty v cht lng:

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ISO 9000 gip doanh nghip nng cao hnh nh v mt h thng qun l t tiu chun m khch hng v ngi tiu dng mong i, tin tng ISO 9000 gip doanh nghip chng minh cht lng san phm, dich vu cua cng ty p ng v vt qu s mong i ca khch hng ISO 9000 gip doanh nghip xac inh hiu qua qua trinh, phn tch, nh gi sn phm, ra quyt nh qun l, cai tin hiu qua hoat ng, nng cao s thoa man khach hang thng qua nhng d liu c ngha. 7.Tng lai pht trin ca ISO 9000 duy tr c tnh cp nht v thch ng vi cng ngh qun l mi , theo nh k 5 nm mt ln ISO s sot xt li b tiu chun ISO 9000. Ban k thut ca ISO/TC 176 bao gm cc chuyn gia t cc doanh nghip v t chc trn ton th gii theo di vic p dng cc tiu chun xc nh nhng ci tin cn thit nhm tho mn nhng i hi v mong mun ca ngi s dng v thc hin cp nht vo phin bn mi. ISO/TC176 s tip tc kt hp cc yu t m bo cht lng, qun l cht lng, nhng sng kin trong cc ngnh c th v cc chng trnh chng nhn cht l ng khc nhau trong b tiu chun ISO 9000. Cam kt ca ISO vi vic duy tr ng lc ISO 9000 thng qua cc xem xt, ci tin v hp l ho cc tiu chun m bo s u t ca t chc vo ISO 9000 hm nay s tip tc mang li nhng hiu qu trong tng lai. II/ H THNG QUN L AN TON THC PHM ISO 22000 1. Lch s ca ISO 22000 ISO 22000 c xy dng v pht trin bi : ISO : International Organization for Standardization. FAO : United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization : Codex Alimentarius Commission. WHO : World Health Organization. 2. ISO 22000 l g?5

L h thng qun l cht lng an ton v sinh thc phm, c cu trc tng t nh ISO 9001:2000 v c da trn nn tng ca 7 nguyn tc HACCP & cc yu cu chung ca h thng qun l cht lng, rt thun tin cho vic tch hp vi h thng ISO 9001:2000. 3. Ni dung ca ISO 22000 : bao gm 8 iu khon 1. 2. 3. 4. Phm vi Tiu chun trch dn Thut ng v nh ngha H thng qun l an ton thc phm 4.1 Yu cu chung 4.2 Yu cu v h thng ti liu 4.2.1 Khi qut 4.2.2 Kim sot ti liu 4.2.3 Kim sot h sn 5. Trch nhim ca lnh o 5.1 Cam kt ca lnh o 5.2 Chnh sch an ton thc phm 5.3 Hoch nh h thng qun l an ton thc phm 5.4 Trch nhim v quyn hn 5.5 Trng nhm an ton thc phm 5.6 Trao i thng tin 5.6.1Trao i thng tin vi bn ngoi 5.6.2 Trao i thng tin ni b 5.7 S chun b v ng ph vI tnh hung khn cp 5.8 Xem xt ca lnh o 5.8.1 Khi qut 5.8.2 u vo ca vic xem xt 5.8.3 u ra ca vic xem xt 6. Qun l ngun lc6

6.1 Cung cp ngun lc 6.2 Ngun nhn lc 6.2.1 Khi qut 6.2.3 Nng lc nhn thc v o to 6.3 C s h tng 6.4 Mi trng lm vic 7. Hoch nh v to sn phm an ton 7.1 Khi qut 7.2 Chng trnh tuyn quyt (PRPs) 7.3 Cc bc chun b cho hot ng phn tch mi nguy 7.3.1 Khi qut 7.3.2 Nhm an ton thc phm 7.3.3 c tnh ca sn phm 7.3.3.1 Nguyn liu, thnh phn v vt liu tip xc vi sn phm. 7.3.3.2 c tnh ca thnh phm 7.3.4 Mc ch s dng 7.3.5 S quy trnh sn xut, cc cng on v cc bin php kim sot 7.3.5.1 S quy trnh sn xut 7.3.5.2 M t cc cng on v cc bin php kim sot 7.4 Phn tch mi nguy 7.4.1 Khi qut 7.4.2 Nhn dng cc mi nguy v xc nh mc chp nhn 7.4.3 nh gi mi nguy 7.4.4 Chn la v nh gi cc bin php kim sot 7.5 Xy dng cc chng trnh vn hnh tuyn quyt (PRPs) 7.6 Xy dng k hoch HACCP 7.6.1 K hoch HACCP 7.6.2 Nhn dng cc im kim sot ti hn (CCPs) 7.6.3 Xc nh gii hn ti hn cho cc im kim sot ti hn (CCPs)7

7.6.4 H thng gim st cc im kim sot ti hn 7.6.5 Cc hnh ng khi kt qu gim st vt gii hn ti hn 7.7 Cp nht cc thng tin ban u v cc ti liu m t cc chng trnh tin quyt v kt hoch HACCP 7.8 Hoch nh vic thm tra 7.9 H thng truy tm ngun gc 7.10 Kim sot s khng ph hp 7.10.1 S khc phc 7.10.2 Hnh ng khc phc 7.10.3 S l cc sn phm c nguy c khng an ton 7.10.3.1 Khi qut 7.10.3.2 nh gi vic xut xng 7.10.3.3 X l cc sn phm khng ph hp 7.10.4 Thu hi 8. Thm nh, thm tra v ci tin h thng qun l an ton thc phm 8.1 Khi qut 8.2 Thm nh t hp cc bin php kim sot 8.3 Kim sot theo di v o lng 8.4 Thm tra h thng qun l an ton thc phm 8.4.1 nh gi ni b 8.4.2 nh gi cc kt qu thm tra n l 8.4.3 Phn tch cc kt qu ca cc hot ng thm tra 8.5 Ci tin 8.5.1 Ci tin thng xuyn 8.5.2 Cp nht h thng qun l an ton thc phm Khi p dng ISO 22000 t chc phi m bo thc hin cc chng trnh tin quyt (GMP, SSOP) nhm hn ch cc mi nguy i vi thc phm. Chng trnh ny bao gm cc yu cu v thit k nh xng, thit b; hnh vi v sinh, v sinh c nhn; v sinh nh xng, kh trng; kim sot cn trng; kho tng v.v8

Khi p dng ISO 22000 t chc phi xy dng mt h thng kim sot bao gm: cc qu trnh, th tc kim sot, h thng vn bn h tr v.v ISO 22000:2005 c p dng cho tt c cc t chc trong chui cung cp thc phm: C s nui trng, nh bt thc phm, ch bin, sn xut hay dch v v thc phm. 4. Tiu chun ISO 22000 ISO 22000 HTQLATTP Yu cu cho mi t chc trong chui thc

phm,ban hnh 01/09/2005. ISO/TS 22004 HTQLATTP Hng dn p dng ISO 22000:2005, ban

hnh ngy 15/11/2005. ISO/TS 22003 HTQLATTP Yu cu i vi cc t chc nh gi v

chng nhn h thng qun l an ton thc phm. Ban hnh trong qu 1/2006. ISO 22005 Xc nh ngun gc trong chui thc phm v thc n chn

nui Cc hng dn v nguyn tc chung cho thit k v xy dng h thng. ang trong giai on d tho. III/ H THNG QUN L CHT LNG AN TON THC PHM HACCP. 1. HACCP l g? HACCP l t vit tt ca Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point trong ting Anh v c ngha l "h thng phn tch mi nguy v kim sot im ti hn", hay "h thng phn tch, xc nh v t chc kim sot cc mi nguy trng yu trong qu trnh sn xut v ch bin thc phm". HACCP l h thng qun l cht lng da trn c s phn tch cc mi nguy v cc im kim sot trng yu. l cng c phn tch nhm bo m an ton v sinh v cht lng thc phm. HACCP bao gm nhng nh gi c h thng i vi tt c cc bc c lin quan trong quy trnh ch bin thc phm, ng thi xc nh nhng bc trng yu i vi an ton cht lng thc phm. Cng c ny cho php tp trung ngun lc k thut, chuyn mn vo nhng bc9

ch bin c nh hng quyt nh n an ton cht lng thc phm. Phn tch HACCP s a ra danh mc nhng im kim sot trng yu CCPs cng vi nhng mc tiu phng nga, cc th tc theo di, gim st v nhng tc ng iu chnh tng im kim sot trng yu. duy tr an ton, cht lng lin tc cho sn phm, cc kt qu phn tch s c lu gi. Phng php nghin cu HACCP phi thng xuyn thay i ty thuc vo nhng thay i ca qu trnh ch bin. HACCP l mt h thng c s s khoa hc v c tnh logic h thng. HACCP c th thch nghi d dng vi s thay i nh nhng tin b trong thit k thit b, quy trnh ch bin hoc nhng ci tin k thut. H thng HACCP c kh nng c lp vi nhng h thng qun l cht lng khc. p dng HACCP ph hp vi vic thc hin cc h thng qun l cht lng c v l h thng ng la chn qun l an ton cht lng thc phm trong s rt nhiu nhng h thng qun l cht lng khc nhau. 2. Ngun gc HACCP Cng ty Pillsbury chuyn sn xut thc phm cung cp cho chng trnh v tr M cho rng k thut kim tra cht lng m h ang p dng khng m bo chng gy nhim cho sn phm trong sn xut thc phm. H thy rng h phi kim nghim qu nhiu thnh phm ti mc ch cn li rt t sn phm c th cung cp cho cc chuyn bay vo v tr do cng ty Pillsbury kt lun: Ch c cch xy dng h thng phng nga, khng cho mi nguy xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut mi m bo c an ton thc phm v u nhng nm 1960 h bt u p dng khi nim HACCP i vi cng tc sn xut thc phm ca h.T h thng qun l cht lng thc phm ca cng ty Pillsbury c cng nhn trn ton th gii nh mt bin php ti tn kim sot an ton thc phm. N khng phi l h thng hon ton khng c ri ro nhng n c thit k gim thiu ri ro ca cc mi nguy i vi an ton thc phm. Nm 1973 ln u FDA yu cu kim sot HACCP trong ch bin hp chng Clostridium Botulinum l loi gy ra ng c tht. 3. Cc nguyn tc xy dng HACCP10

HACCP l h thng xc nh nhng nguy hi c th tc l nhng trng thi sinh hc, ha hc hoc tnh cht v vt l c nh hng bt li n an ton thc phm ng thi vch ra nhng bin php kim sot nhng bt li . H thng HACCP bao gm 7 nguyn tc c bn sau: 1. Phn tch mi nguy v cc bin php phng nga. Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy. Chun b s quy trnh sn xut bao gm cc bc din ra trong quy trnh. Xc nh v lp danh mc cc nguy hi. Ch ra cc bin php phng nga cho tng mi nguy. 2. Xc nh cc im kim sot trng yu (CCPs) trong quy trnh bng vic phn tch cc mi nguy theo cy quyt nh.3. Thit lp cc ngng ti hn. y l cc mc t ra v mc sai bit c th

chp nhn c m bo cho cc im CCPs nm trong vng kim sot c.4. Gim st im kim sot ti hn. Thit lp h thng theo di, gim st m

bo kim sot cc CCPs bng cc th tc xt nghim, quan trc.5. Thit lp cc bin phc khc phc kp thi. Tin hnh nhng hot ng iu

chnh mt khi cc quan trc theo di cho thy mt im CCP no b trch ra khi vng kim sot.6. Thit lp h thng kim tra nh gi. Tin hnh nhng th tc thm tra xc

nhn khng nh l h thng HACCP hot ng hu hiu7. Thit lp b h s v ti liu HACCP. T liu ha tt c cc nhng th tc

tin hnh v cc b h s lin quan n cc nguyn tc v qu trnh vn dng nhng nguyn tc ny. 4. 12 bc p dng hp l: Bc 1: Lp nhm cng tc v HACCP. Vic nghin cu HACCP i hi phi thu thp, x l v nh gi cc s liu chuyn mn. Do , cc phn tch phi c tin hnh bi nhm cn b thuc cc chuyn ngnh khc nhau nhm ci thin cht lng cc phn tch v cht lng cc quyt nh s c a ra. Cc thnh vin phi c o to v c 11

hiu bit v nhng vn lin quan trong cng vic xy dng v p dng chng trnh HACCP. Bc 2: M t sn phm. Phi m t y nhng chi tit quan trng ca sn phm s nghin cu, k c nhng sn phm trung gian tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut sn phm c xt c lin quan n tnh an ton v cht lng thc phm. Bc 3: Xc nh mc ch s dng. Cn c vo cch s dng d kin ca sn phm i vi nhm ngi s dng cui cng hay ngi tiu th xc nh mc ch s dng. 1. Phng thc s dng 2. Phng thc phn phi 3. iu kin bo qun v thi hn s dng 4. Yu cu v ghi nhn. Bc 4: Thit lp s quy trnh sn xut S ny v s mt bng, b tr thit b phi do nhm HACCP thit lp bao gm tt c cc bc trong qu trnh sn xut. y l cng c quan trng xy dng k hoch HACCP. Bc 5: Thm tra s quy trnh sn xut Nhm HACCP phi thm tra li tng bc trong s mt cch cn thn bo m s th hin mt cch ng n qu trnh hot ng ca quy trnh trong thc t. Phi kim tra s ny ng vi hot ng ca quy trnh c vo ban ngy ln ban m v nhng ngy ngh. S phi c chnh sa cn thn sau khi nhn thy nhng thay i so vi s gc. Bc 6: Xc nh v lp danh mc cc mi nguy hi v cc bin php phng nga Nhn din tt c cc mi nguy hi c th xy ra. Nhng nguy hi c xem xt phi l nhng nguy hi m vic xa b n hay hn ch n n mc chp nhn c s c tm quan trng thit yu n cht lng an ton thc phm xt theo nhng yu cu c t ra.12

Tin hnh phn tch mi nguy xc nh cc bin php phng nga kim sot chng. Cc bin php phng nga l nhng hnh ng c tin hnh nhm xa b hoc gim bt mc gy hi ca mi nguy n mt mc c th chp nhn c. Bc 7: Xc nh cc im kim sot ti hn CCPs xc nh cc CCPs c th c nhiu cch tip cn khc nhau trong ph bin l s dng CY QUYT NH. Cy quyt nh l s c tnh logic nhm xc nh mt cch khoa hc v hp l cc CCPs trong mt chu trnh thc phm c th. R sot li cc kt qu phn tch mi nguy hi v cc bin php phng nga lp. Loi b cc mi nguy hi c th kim sot bng vic p dng cc phng php. Cc mi nguy cn li l cc mi nguy khng th kim sot y bng cc phng php th tin hnh phn tch xc nh CCPs. Bc 8: Thit lp cc ngng ti hn cho tng CCP Ngng ti hn l cc gi tr c nh trc cho cc bin php an ton nhm trit tiu hoc kim sot mt mi nguy ti mt CCP trong sut qu trnh vn hnh. Mi im CCP c th c nhiu ngng ti hn. thit lp chng, cn cn c vo cc quy nh v sinh, an ton ca nh nc, cc tiu chun quc t, cc hng dn kin ngh quc t ca FAO, WHO, cc c liu khoa hc, cc ti liu k thut, cc thng s quy trnh cng ngh, cc s liu thc nghim. m bo cc ch tiu cn kim sot khng c c hi vt ngng ti hn, cn xc nh gii hn an ton ti phi tin hnh iu chnh qu trnh ch bin nhm ngn nga kh nng vi phm ngng ti hn. Trong thc t, a ra khi nim Ngng vn hnh l gi tr ti ca ch tiu cn kim sot, ngi iu khin phi kp thi iu chnh thit b hay quy trnh m bo gi tr khng qu ngng ti hn. Nh vy, ngng vn hnh lun lun c h s an ton cao hn ngng ti hn v c gi tr lun nm trong vng an ton ca ngng ti hn. Bc 9: Thit lp h thng gim st cho tng CCP

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Gim st l o lng hay quan trc theo lch trnh cc thng s ca CCP so snh chng vi cc ngng ti hn. H thng gim st m t phng php qun l s dng m bo cho cc im CCP c kim sot, ng thi n cng cung cp nhng h s v tnh trng ca qu trnh s dng v sau trong giai on thm tra. Vic gim st phi cung cp thng tin ng hiu chnh nhm bo m kim sot qu trnh, ngn nga vi phm cc ngng ti hn. Bc 10: Thit lp cc hnh ng khc phc Cc hnh ng khc phc c tin hnh khi kt qu cho thy mt CCP no khng c kim sot y . Phi thit lp cc hnh ng khc phc cho tng CCP trong h thng HACCP x l cc sai lch khi chng xy ra nhm iu chnh a qu trnh tr li vng kim sot. Bc 11: Thit lp cc th tc thm tra Hot ng thm tra phi c tin hnh nhm nh gi li ton b h thng HACCP v nhng h s ca h thng. Tn sut thm tra cn phi khng nh l h thng HACCP ang hot ng c hiu qu. Cc phng php thm tra c th bao gm cc h thng ni b, kim tra v mt vi sinh cc mu sn phm trung gian v cui cng, tin hnh thm cc xt nghim ti nhng im CCP c chn lc, tin hnh iu tra th trng pht hin nhng vn sc khe khng bnh thng do tiu th sn phm, cp nht s liu t pha ngi tiu dng sn phm. chnh l c s b sung, sa i chng trnh HACCP. Th tc thm tra bao gm: 1. Xem xt li nghin cu HACCP v nhng h s ghi chp 2. nh gi li nhng lch lc v khuyt tt sn phm 3. Quan st nu cc im CCP cn ang kim sot c 4. Xc nhn nhng ngng ti hn c xc nh 5. nh gi li chng trnh HACCP v tnh hnh s dng sn phm ca ngi tiu dng hin ti v trong tng lai.

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Bc 12: Thit lp b ti liu v lu gi h s HACCP Vic lu gi h s c hiu qu v chnh xc ng vai tr quan trng trong p dng h thng HACCP. Cc th tc HACCP phi c ghi thnh vn bn. Vic lp b ti liu v lu gi h s phi ph hp vi tnh cht v quy m ca qu trnh hot ng. Cc loi ti liu l: phn tch mi nguy, xc nh cc CCP, xc nh ngng ti hn.Cc loi h s bao gm: H s gim st CCP, h s v cc sai lch v nhng hnh ng khc phc km theo, h s v hot ng thm tra. Ngoi cc bc nu trn, thc thi k hoch HACCP hiu qu th vic o to nhn thc ca cng nhn vin trong c s v cc nguyn tc v cc ng dng h thng HACCP l nhng yu t quan trng. Thng qua vic nng cao hiu bit ca ton th cn b cng nhn vin v vn cht lng v h thng HACCP s to ra s ng lng nht tr trong qu trnh thc hin HACCP. 5. V sao phi p dng HACCP ? HACCP l mt cng c c hiu qu m bo cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm, c kh nng ngn nga mt cch ch ng nguy c nhim trong qu trnh ch bin thc phm to ra thc phm an ton. i hi ca xu th qun l cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm ang din ra trn phm vi ton cu vi c im: i tng qun l: Chuyn t thnh phm sang qu trnh sn xut. Phng thc qun l: Chuyn t kim tra sang chng nhn, cng nhn. Ch tiu qun l: Chuyn t ch tiu cht lng sn phm sang iu kin v yu t nh hng ti qu trnh sn xut. Mc tiu qun l: Chuyn t loi b sn phm hng sang phng nga nguy c dn ti sai li trong qu trnh hnh thnh sn phm. p ng yu cu ho nhp v i hi ca th trng nhp khu: T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) yu cu cc nc thnh vin p dng h thng HACCP nh mt phng tin kim sot an ton thc phm. Lin

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minh Chu u, M, nhiu nc khc quy nh mun nhp khu vo cc nc trn phi p dng HACCP. 6. p dng HACCP c li g? 1. Vi ngi tiu dng: Gim nguy c b ng c thc phm v cc bnh ly truyn qua thc phm Nng cao nhn thc v v sinh an ton thc phm. Tng s tin cy vo cung cp thc phm Ci thin cht lng cuc sng (sc kho - kinh t - x hi). 2. Vi ngnh cng nghip Tng s lng ngi tiu dng, m bo gi c, tng kh nng cnh tranh v tip th, gim chi ph do sn xut hng v phi thu hi, tng c hi kinh doanh, to iu kin pht trin bn vng. 3. Vi doanh nghip: Nng cao uy tn, cht lng sn phm ca mnh, tng tnh cnh tranh, kh nng chim lnh v m rng th trng. c s dng du chng nhn, ph hp h thng HACCP qung co, cho hng, gii thiu sn phm. L iu kin tin hnh t cng b tiu chun v sinh an ton thc phm. L c s cho vic m phn, k kt hp ng thng mi. L c s cho vic u tin u t. L cn c gim tn sut kim tra. 4.Vi chnh ph: Ci thin sc kho cng ng, nng cao hiu qu v kim sot thc phm, gim chi ph cho sc kho cng ng, to iu kin cho pht trin thng mi v tng lng tin ca nhn dn vo vic cung cp thc phm. 7. iu kin p dng HACCP Lnh o c s phi quyt tm v u t thch ng v c s vt cht k thut C mc ch r rng, ng c ng n, khng chy theo hnh thc.16

Hu t ngun lc cho vic nh gi, xy dng k hoch, t chc p dng

C s ch o, ng h, hng dn ca cp trn Kh nng trin khai mt chng trnh v sinh tin quyt : GMP (thc hnh sn xut tt) hoc GHP (thc hnh v sinh tt), tc l trin khai thc hin cc quy phm v sinh ti c s. T chc o to gio dc tt v HACCP. IV/ CC TIU CHUN GMP, BRC, IFS 1. Tiu chun GMP a) S ra i v ngha ca GMP GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) a ra cc ni dung c bn ca iu kin thc hnh sn sut tt, nhm kim sot tt c cc yu t nh hng ti an ton v sinh thc phm trong qu trnh ch bin thc phm t thit k, xy lp nh xng, thit b, dng c ch bin, iu kin phc v cho cng vic chun b ch bin n qu trnh ch bin, bao gi, bo qun v con ngi thc hin cc thao tc ch bin thc phm. Nhng qui nh ny to iu kin cho cc c s sn xut thc phm xy dng nhng qui phm c th ph hp vi iu kin, qui m, trnh cng ngh ca mnh. Cc qui nh a ra cc nguyn tc thc hnh v sinh chung p dng trong ch bin thc phm (bao gm nui trng v thu hi, x l, ch bin, ng gi, lu gi, vn chuyn, phn phi v bn) cho ngi m bo thc phm sn xut ra an ton, lnh mnh v b dng. Ngoi ra n cn nhm mc ch, da trn c s xy dng cc qui phm v thc hnh v sinh thc phm cho cc hng ho hay cc nhm hng c bit i hi phi p ng cc yu cu c bit v v sinh thc phm. b) Ni dung ca GMP Cc yu cu ca GMP: - Yu cu v nh, xng v phng tin ch bin:

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Yu cu ny i hi khi xy dng c s ch bin thc phm cn phi xem xt n v tr sao cho ph hp vi mt c s ch bin thc phm phi sch s thong mt, khng gy nhim mi trng, khng t nhng ni c mi trng khng lnh mnh .v.v. - Qui nh v cc yu cu kim sot v sinh nh xng nh: X l nc thi, sn phm ph, bo qun ho cht gy him, kim sot sinh vt gy hi v dng cc nhn - Kim sot qu trnh ch bin : Kim tra tt c mi hot ng phi thc hin theo nguyn tc v sinh c bn ca GMP, phi c cc bin php kim sot cht lng sao cho cc im kim sot quan trng c kim sot trong sut qu trnh ch bin. Thc hin cc bin php phng sn phm b nhim bn, th cc ch tiu vi sinh ho hc, tp cht khu cn thit xc nh nguy c gy nhim. Cc sn phm b nhim bn hay bin cht phi b loi b hoc c x l gim bt c cht. - Yu cu v con ngi: i vi c s ch bin thc phm th yu cu i vi con ngi khi tuyn vo lm vic l ht sc quan trng. Nht thit phi kim tra sc khe ( v th lc, tr lc v bnh tt) ca tt c mi ngi , c bit vi nhng cng nhn tip xc trc tip vi thc phm trnh ly bnh truyn nhim. Phi a ra nhng qui nh trong vic khm sc kho cho cn b cng nhn vin nh khm nh k m bo ch c nhng ngi c tiu chun sc kho mi c tip tc lm vic trong c s sn xut thc phm .Phi thng xuyn gio dc cho cc cn b cng nhn vin trong c s mnh bit gi gn sc kho v v sinh cc nhn m bo cc yu cu ra. - Kim sot khu bo qun v phn phi:

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a ra cc yu cu v vic vn chuyn v bo qun sao cho thnh phm phi m bo trnh nhim bn thc phm bi cc tc nhn vt l, ho hc, vi sinh. . . v khng lm phn hu thc phm. Qua nhng yu cu nu trn cho thy, GMP c c th coi l h thng tin , n cp n tt c mi yu t ti thiu c lin quan ti cht lng v sinh trong ch bin thc phm. T v tr ca c s n cu trc ca tng b phn, t dy chuyn cng ngh ti mi trng, t thit b, dng c ti con ngi, t cht ph thi ti sn phm trung gian, ph gia, nguyn vt liu v thnh phm. Xy dng thnh cng GMP s m bo cho doanh nghip chc chn c sn phm t cht lng cao v v sinh an ton thc phm. 2. Tiu chun BRC a) S ra i ca tiu chun BRC Tiu chun BRC (British Retail Consortium) l tiu chun ca Hip hi cc nh bn l Anh. Tiu chun c ra i nhm gip cc nh bn l v cc yu cu y ca lut nh v bo v cho ngi tiu dng bng cch cung cp nh gi c bn v cc cng ty cung cp thc phm cho cc nh bn l. b) BRC Food Global Standard l g? Theo lut an ton thc phm UK 1990, cc Tp on bn l thc phm phi p dng cc bin php phng nga cn thit trnh cc sai li trong ton b chui cung cp thc phm. 1998 BRC : Tiu chun BRC Food Technical Standard quy nh p dng

cho cc nh cung cp cho cc tp on bn l.Tp on kinh doanh v phn phi cc sn phm hng ha theo thng hiu ca h Tha nhn p dng rng ri. 2003 : BRC Food Global Standard 1/2005 : BRC Food Global Standard 1/2008 : BRC Issue 5 : 362 yu cu, 7 chng.

c) Ni dung tiu chun ca BRC Food Global Standard

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ph hp vi tiu chun, nh cung ng/ch bin thc phm phi p dng 3 chun mc chnh trong h thng qun l ca h, l: p dng v thc thi HACCP. C mt h thng qun l cht lng hu hiu v c vn bn ha. Kim sot cc tiu chun mi trng ca nh my, sn phm, qui trnh ch bin v con ngi. d) Nhng li ch c th khi p dng BRC Tng cng ATTP v h thng qun l ATTP ca cng ty. Th hin cam kt ca cng ty trong sn xut / kinh doanh thc phm an ton. t c tha nhn v chp nhn ca cng ng bn l Anh Quc. Gia tng nim tin ca khch hng, ngi tiu dng i vi cht lng v s an ton ca sn phm. Tng s tin cy v lng trung thnh ca khch hng v ngi tiu dng i vi cng ty. Gip cng ty chng minh vi khch hng rng sn phm cng ty an ton v c kim sot v ngun gc. Gip tng sn lng tiu th, nng cao nng sut ng thi c th nng cao gi mua nguyn liu, ci thin i sng ca ngi nng dn. M ra th trng mi vi yu cu cao hn v an ton v cht lng/ khch hng tim nng mi. Gim c cng on nh gi nh cung cp. Gip ci thin cc tiu chun cung ng v tnh nht qun, trnh c sn phm hng. H tr chin lc qung b v tng cng cc gi tr ct li ca cng ty. H tr cc mc tiu bn l ti mi cp ca chui cung ng sn xut. Giao dch kinh doanh vi nh cung ng t chng nhn BRC.

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Khch hng c th tin chc rng, h ang giao dch vi mt cng ty c nng lc cao trong lnh vc kinh doanh. Nh vy, khi p dng h thng, doanh nghip s gim thiu nhng chi ph qun l trong chui cung ng v gia tng mc an ton cho khch hng, nh cung cp & ngi tiu dng. 3. Tiu chun IFS a) IFS l g ? International Food Standard (IFS) l tiu chun thc phm quc t. Hin ti phin bn ban hnh ln th 5 ngy 01/08/ 2007. IFS do Gobal Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) ban hnh. T chc GFSI c thnh lp t Gobal Food Business Forum ( CIES) vo nm 2000 ti chu u. Cc yu t chnh ca IFS bao gm: H thng qun l an ton thc phm Thc hnh ni trng tt/thc hnh sn xut tt/ thc hnh thng mi tt. H thng HACCP. b) i tng p dng Tiu chun IFS c p dng cho tt c t chc, khng phn bit loi hnh, a im, quy m,... C th bao gm: cc c s / cng ty / nh my / nh phn phi,... thc hin sn xut kinh doanh thc phm ni chung ( v d: Nui trng cy tri, gi ch, sa, rau c qu, nc ung, bia, thy sn, nc mm, tng t, gia v, hng liu, du n,...) y l tiu chun mang tnh cht t nguyn, tp trung vo vic qun l an ton thc phm. Khi t chc xy dng v p ng theo tiu chun IFS, t chc c h thng qun l an ton thc phm c th to ra mi trng lm vic gim thiu ri ro lin quan an ton thc phm, sn phm c to ra an ton, nhm tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng v yu cu lut php.

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c) Li ch khi p dng h thng IFS Sn phm an ton cho ngi s dng. To li th cnh tranh, nng cao thng hiu, c th d dng xut khu Tit kim chi ph, tng doanh thu v li nhun. Gii phng c cng vic mang tnh cht tp trung s v ca lnh o. Gip lnh o c nhiu thi gian tp trung vo thc hin chin lc mang tm v m hn. Cc hot ng c tnh h thng, mi ngi on kt, lm vic trong mi trng thoi mi. Nng sut lao ng tng.

V rt nhiu li ch khc...

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TI LIU THAM KHO1. 2. 3. 4.

http://www.iso.com.vn http://www.angi.com.vn http://www.itmc.com.vn http://giaiphapiso.com H Duyn T ,2006, Qun l cht lng trong cng nghip thc phm ,NXB Khoa hc v K thut H Ni .

5.

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