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Learning Objectives1. Nature of a Business2. The Role of Accounting in Business3. Business Ethics4. Profession of Accounting5. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles6. Assets, Liabilities, and Owner’s Equity7. Business Transactions8. Financial Statements9. Financial Analysis and Interpretation
Power Notes Introduction to Accounting and Business Introduction to Accounting and Business
Chapter 1
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C1 - 2 Note: To select a topic, type the slide # and press Enter.
• Accounting – An Information Process• Users of Accounting Information• Profession of Accounting• The Accounting Equation• Business Transactions• Financial Statements• Ratio of Liabilities to Owner’s Equity
Slide # Power Note Topics
Power Notes Introduction to Accounting and Business Introduction to Accounting and Business
Chapter 1
39
1116195370
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Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
Identificationof Users
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UserInformation
Needs
Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
Identificationof Users
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Economic Dataand Activities
Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Economic Dataand Activities
Reports
Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
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Identificationof Users
UserInformation
Needs
AccountingSystem
Reports
Economic Dataand Activities
UserDecisions
Accounting — An Information Process Accounting — An Information Process
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EXTERNAL USERS
Financial AccountingFinancial Accounting• investors• creditors• regulators• customers• competitors
Users of Accounting InformationUsers of Accounting Information
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EXTERNAL USERS
Financial AccountingFinancial Accounting• investors• creditors• regulators• customers• competitors
• owners• managers• employees
INTERNAL USERS
ManagerialManagerial AccountingAccounting
Users of Accounting InformationUsers of Accounting Information
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What are the starting rates for new graduates?
GovernmentGovernment IndustryIndustry CPA FirmsCPA Firms
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession The Accounting Profession
Auditor StaffAccountant
JuniorAccountant
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GovernmentGovernment IndustryIndustry CPA FirmsCPA Firms
StaffAccountant
JuniorAccountantAuditor
College Graduates
How soon would I get promoted?
The Accounting Profession The Accounting Profession
SeniorAccountantSupervisor Chief
Accountant
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What are the top positions in each category?
GovernmentGovernment IndustryIndustry CPA FirmsCPA Firms
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession The Accounting Profession
Controller ManagerDirector
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What is the fastest path to top management?
GovernmentGovernment
Administrator
IndustryIndustryVice President
Finance
CPA FirmsCPA Firms
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
Controller
Partner
Manager
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
Director
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
The Accounting Profession The Accounting Profession
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10 to 20 years of experience1
GovernmentGovernment
The Accounting Profession The Accounting Profession
Administrator
IndustryIndustry
Vice PresidentFinance
CPA FirmsCPA Firms
1
6 to 8 years of experience2
ChiefAccountant
StaffAccountant
Controller
Partner
Manager
SeniorAccountant
JuniorAccountant
2
Director
Supervisor
Auditor
College Graduates
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Resources
The Accounting EquationThe Accounting Equation
What are an organization’s resources called?
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Assets
Resources = Sources
The Accounting EquationThe Accounting Equation
What are the sources of the assets?
Cost of resources usedin the business
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AssetsLiabilities
Owner’sEquity
Resources = Sources
Cost of resources usedin the business
Resources supplied by
creditors and owners
The Accounting EquationThe Accounting Equation
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 in a bank account for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 in a bank account for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITYCash Cash 25,00025,000
LIABILITIES
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a. Chris Clark deposits $25,000 in a bank account for NetSolutions.
ASSETS
=
Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
OWNER’S EQUITYCash Cash 25,00025,000
LIABILITIES
Chris Clark, Chris Clark, Capital Capital 25,00025,000
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (20,000)(20,000)
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
b. NetSolutions buys land for $20,000.
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (20,000)(20,000)
Land Land 20,00020,000
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies Supplies 1,3501,350
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
c. NetSolutions buys supplies for $1,350, agreeing to pay the supplier in the near future.
Accounts PayableAccounts Payable1,3501,350Supplies Supplies
1,3501,350
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash 7,5007,500
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash 7,5007,500
Fees Earned Fees Earned 7,5007,500
d. NetSolutions earns fees of $7,500, receiving cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (3,650)(3,650)
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (3,650)(3,650)
ExpensesExpenses(3,650)(3,650)
e. NetSolutions paid: wages, $2,125; rent, $800; utilities, $450; and miscellaneous, $275.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (950)(950)
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (950)(950)
Accounts PayableAccounts Payable(950)(950)
f. NetSolutions pays $950 to creditors on account.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies Supplies (800)(800)
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Supplies Supplies (800)(800)
Supplies ExpenseSupplies Expense(800)(800)
g. At the end of the month, the cost of supplies on hand is $550.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (2,000)(2,000)
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Business TransactionsBusiness Transactions
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
Cash Cash (2,000)(2,000)
Chris Clark, Chris Clark, DrawingDrawing(2,000)(2,000)
h. Chris Clark withdraws $2,000 in cash.
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
CashCash 5,9005,900SuppliesSupplies 550550LandLand 20,00020,000
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
CashCash 5,9005,900SuppliesSupplies 550550LandLand 20,00020,000
Accts. PayableAccts. Payable 400400
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Transaction SummaryTransaction Summary
ASSETS
= OWNER’S EQUITY
LIABILITIES
CashCash 5,9005,900SuppliesSupplies 550550LandLand 20,00020,000
Accts. PayableAccts. Payable 400400
C. Clark, CapitalC. Clark, Capital 25,00025,000C. Clark, DrawingC. Clark, Drawing (2,000)(2,000)Fees EarnedFees Earned 7,5007,500Wages ExpenseWages Expense (2,125)(2,125)Rent ExpenseRent Expense (800)(800)Supplies ExpenseSupplies Expense (800)(800)Utilities ExpenseUtilities Expense (450)(450)Misc. ExpenseMisc. Expense (275)(275)
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
decreased bydecreased by
C1 - 48
OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
decreased bydecreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
increased byincreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s investments
Revenues
increased byincreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
Owner’s investments
Revenues
decreased bydecreased by increased byincreased by
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OWNER’S EQUITY
Effects of Transactions on Owner’s EquityEffects of Transactions on Owner’s Equity
Owner’s withdrawals
Expenses
Owner’s investments
Revenues
decreased bydecreased by increased byincreased by
NET INCOME
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Financial StatementsFinancial StatementsNetSolutions
Income StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial StatementsNetSolutions
Income StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial StatementsNetSolutions
Income StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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Financial StatementsFinancial StatementsNetSolutions
Income StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Fees earned $7,500Operating expenses: Wages expense $2,125 Rent expense 800 Supplies expense 800 Utilities expense 450 Miscellaneous expense 275 Total operating expenses 4,450Net income $3,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsStatement of Owner’s Equity
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Chris Clark, capital, November 1, 2002 $ 0Investment on November 1, 2002 $25,000Net income for November 3,050 $28,050Less withdrawals 2,000Increase in owner’s equity 26,050Chris Clark, capital, November 30, 2002 $26,050
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsBalance Sheet
November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
AssetsCash $5,900Supplies 550Land 20,000 Total assets $26,450
LiabilitiesAccounts payable $ 400
Owner’s EquityChris Clark, capital 26,050 Total liabilities and owner’s equity $26,450
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000)Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
)
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
)
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000)Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
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NetSolutionsStatement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended November 30, 2002
Financial StatementsFinancial Statements
Cash flows from operating activities: Cash received from customers $ 7,500 Deduct cash payments for expenses and payments to creditors 4,600 Net cash flow from operating activities $ 2,900Cash flows from investing activities: Cash payments for acquisition of land (20,000Cash flows from financing activities: Cash received as owner’s investment $25,000 Deduct cash withdrawal by owner 2,000 Net cash flow from financing activities 23,000Net cash flow and Nov. 30, 2002 cash balance $5,900
)
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Ratio of Liabilities to Owner’s EquityRatio of Liabilities to Owner’s Equity
Ratio of liabilitiesto owner’s equity =
FormulaFormula
Objective: Use the ratio of liabilities to owner’s equity to analyze the ability of a business to withstand poor business conditions and to pay its creditors.
Total liabilitiesTotal owner’s equity
NetSolutions =
ExampleExample$400
$16,050 .025 or 2.5%