Che Bien Nuoc Tuong Tu Banh Dau Phung1

7/28/2019 Che Bien Nuoc Tuong Tu Banh Dau Phung1

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MC LC

Trang ph ba

Li cam oanLi cm n

MC LC

PHN MU....................................................................................................4

PHN NI DUNG ................................................................................................6

CHNG I: TNG QUAN TI LIU

I.1. Slc v nc tng v bnh du phng.......................................................6

I.1.1. Nc tng.................................................................................................6

I.1.1.1. Nc tng l g?..................................................................................6

I.1.1.2. Vai tr ca nc tng..........................................................................7

I.1.2. Bnh du phng..........................................................................................7

I.1.2.1. Bnh du phng l g?...........................................................................7

I.1.2.2. Thnh phn chnh ca bnh du phng..................................................7

I.1.2.3. Cng dng.............................................................................................8

I.1.2.4. Cch bo qun.......................................................................................8

I.2. Cc quy trnh sn xut nc tng ...................................................................8

I.2.1. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ha gii.......................................8

I.2.1.1. Quy trnh sn xut.................................................................................9I.2.1.2. Gii thch quy trnh ..............................................................................10

I.2.1.3. u v nhc im ca phng php....................................................10

I.2.2. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men.......................................10


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I.2.2.1. Quy trnh sn xut................................................................................11

I.2.2.2. Gii thch quy trnh ..............................................................................12


I.2.2.4. Gii thiu chng mc Aspergillus Oryaza ............................................13

I.2.3. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ha gii kt hp ln men.............17

I.2.3.1. Quy trnh sn xut................................................................................17


I.2.4. Cc phng php khc...............................................................................18

I.3. Tiu chun v nc tng ca B Y T ..........................................................18

I.3.1. Tiu chun vm................................................................................18

I.3.1.1. m trong nc tng l g? ...........................................................18

I.3.1.2. Phn loi hng nc tng da vo m .........................................19

I.3.1.3. nh gi cht lng nc tng da vo m.................................20

I.3.2. Phng php cm quan..............................................................................21

I.4. Cch xc nh m trong nc tng bng phng php Micro Kjeldahl...24

I.4.1. Cc c tnh kthut ca thit b UDK 142................................................24

I.4.2. Ni dung phng php Kjeldahl ...............................................................26

CHNG II: K THUT THC NGHIM.

II.1. Nguyn liu - dng c - ha cht....................................................................28

II.2. Xy dng quy trnh ch bin nc tng .......................................................29

II.2.1. Nui mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza.........................................................29

II.2.1.1. Nguyn liu chnh...............................................................................29


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II.2.1.2. S lm mc ging ..........................................................................30

II.2. 2. Quy trnh lm nc tng .......................................................................31

II.2.2.1. Nguyn liu chnh...............................................................................31

II.2.2.2. S sn xut nc tng..................................................................31

II.3. Xc nh m ca nc tng sau khi sn xut.........................................32

II.3.1. Nguyn tc ...............................................................................................32

II.3.2. Dng c - thit b......................................................................................32

II.3.3. Ha cht...................................................................................................32

II.3.4. Cch ly mu v chun b mu .................................................................33

II.3.5. Cch tin hnh..........................................................................................33

II.4. Phng php th cm quan phn tch cht lng nc tng ........................37

II.4.1 Chun b ....................................................................................................37

II.4.2. Cch tin hnh..........................................................................................37

CHNG III: KT QU THO LUN

III.1. Quy trnh sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men...........................39

III.1.1. u im..................................................................................................39

III.1.2. Nhc im ............................................................................................39

III.2. Xc nh m ca nc tng sau khi sn xut........................................39

III.3. Phng php cm quan cht lng nc tng.............................................42

PHN KT LUN KIN NGH .......................................................................44

TI LIU THAM KHO .....................................................................................46

PH LC..............................................................................................................47


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PHN MU

I. L do chn ti.

Hin nay, vi pht trin nhanh chng ca ngnh cng nghip sn xut gia v

lng, trong c du n khin cho lng b u phng ph thi ngy cng nhiu.

Lng b u phng ny chc dng lm thc n gia sc, gi th trng nm, ch

bin nc tng nhm tn dng ngun nguyn liu r tin v di do ny mt cch hp

l ch bin chng thnh nc tng c hm lng dinh dng cao, dng lm cht

iu v, kch thch tiu ha, gip n ngon ming, ng thi cung cp cho c th mt

lng m d hp thu nht nh. Nhng phn ln nc tng c sn xut t bnhdu phng iu p dng phng php ha gii. Vi phng php ny, thi gian phn

hy nhanh, gi thnh r, mi v c ngi tiu dng a chung, nhng c nhng

nhc im kh khc phc nh: gy nhim cho ngi trc tip sn xut, mi trng

xung quanh. Khng may, HCl khi thy phn Protein trong u cng phn hy lun cht

bo cn st li trong bnh du sinh ra c t 3-MCPD vi hm lng cao c th gy

ung th cho ngi tiu dng. Do , c gii php v nc tng an ton hin ang

l mi quan tm hng u ca cc nh khoa hc, nh sn xut, ngi tiu dng. Chnhv th, hn ch 3-MCPD c trong nc tng ngoi vic la chn nguyn liu ti,

mi, khng c nm mc, cng cn phi la chn phng php sn xut ph hp nhm

hn ch vic sinh ra nm mc v 3-MCPD m bo an ton v sinh thc phm cho

ngi tiu dng. Xut pht t nhng l do trn ti chn ti: "Nghin cu chbin

nc tng tbnh du phng bng phng php ln men truyn thng.

II. Mc tiu ti.

Nghin cu v xy dng quy trnh sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men

truyn thng t bnh du phng.


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III. Nhim v ti.

Nghin cu cc ti liu v nc tng v bnh du phng. Nghin cu cc quy trnh sn xut nc tng. Xy dng quy trnh sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men truynthng t bnh du phng.

Kim tra cht lng ca sn phm sau khi ch bin: Phng php cm quan v: mu sc, trong, mi, v. Xc nh hm lng m ca nc tng sau khi sn xut bng phng

php Kjeldahl.

IV. Lch snghin cu.

c nhiu phng php sn xut nc tng nh: phng php ha gii, phng

php ln men kt hp ha gii c nghin cu p dng trn i tng bnh du

phng; vi phng php ln men chc p dng rng ri trn nguyn liu u nnh,

u phng; cn nguyn liu bnh du phng t c nghin cu.

V. Phng php nghin cu.

Nghin cu ti liu, l thuyt. Nghin cu thc nghim.


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PHN NI DUNG

CHNG I: TNG QUAN TI LIU

I.1. Slc v nc tng v bnh du phng.

I.1.1. Nc tng [11], [13].

I.1.1.1. Nc tng l g?

Nc tng (hay cn gi l nc chm) l mt loi gia v dng nc c hmlng m cao v v mn.

Nc tng l dung dch thy phn ca Protein v gluxit (i vi 1 s loi nctng sn xut bng phng php ln men), ngoi ra cn c lipit, mui n v mt s

thnh phn khc.

Hin nay, nc tng c nhiu loi nhng c th da vo nguyn liu sn xut chia thnh hai loi ch yu sau:

Nc tng c ngun gc ng vt: xng, lng g, lng vt... Nc tng c ngun gc thc vt: u nnh, u phng...

Do c im nc tng l dung dch thy phn ca Protein nn v nguyn tcsn xut nc tng loi ny da vo s thy phn Protein ca proteaza (ln men)

hoc axit (ha gii).

Phng trnh tng qut chung:RCO-NHR' + HOH RCOOH + R'NH2

Trong cng nghip, nc tng thng c sn xut t bnh du u phng (bu phng sau khi p du) hoc bnh du u nnh (b u nnh).


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I.1.1.2. Vai tr ca nc tng.

Nc tng khng phi l cht b sung m m ch l nc chm lm tng khuv, ch khng c tc dng b sung dinh dng, khng nn n nhiu.

Theo cc nh y hc, mi ngy c th con ngi cn 60g cht m, nn nctng khng phi l cht cung cp m chnh.

m thp nht trong nc tng l 10N. Ngi bnh thng, ti a mi ngyn 10ml nc tng th cht m do n mang li l khng ng k.

I.1.2. Bnh du phng [10], [14].

I.1.2.1. Bnh du phng l g?

Bnh du phng l phn b u phng cn li sau khi p u ly du. Bnh du ny tn ti dng bnh kh v cha rt t cht bo. L loi bnh c cha bt mn, rt d nghin nhuyn. iu c bit l bnh du phng c tnh cht ht nc v nra thnh bt mn rt

thm.

C hai loi bnh du phng: Bnh du phng c v. Bnh du phng khng v. Bnh du phng khng v p theo phng php

cng nghip cha Protein th 45,54%, cht bo 6,96%, cht x5,25%.

Bn cnh nh hng ca v, cht lng bnh du cn ty thuc phng php p

du.

I.1.2.2. Thnh phn chnh ca bnh du phng.

Bnh du phng c hai thnh phn ch yu l:


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Protein. Cht bo.

Bnh du phng l ngun nguyn liu giu Protein v sinh t nhm B, nhngProtein bnh du phng mt cn i axit amin thit yu (lizin v tryptophan).

I.1.2.3.Cng dng.

Bnh du phng ch yu dng lm nc chm nh: nc tng, nc mmchay...

Ngoi ra trong thc t, ngi ta cn tn dng ti a lng sn phm ph bnh duphng c cha m ny lm:

Phn bn cho cc loi cy cnh, cy king... Gi th trng cy v nui nm. Trong lnh vc chn nui: dng lm thc n cho gia sc v cc loi c...

I.1.2.4.Cch bo qun.

Do bnh du phng cha kh nhiu cht bo v n d b nhim nm mc to c t

(nht l c t afltoxin gy vim gan, st cn, sinh sn km). V th:

Cn d tr bnh du ni cao ro, kh v thong mt. Ch nn d tr khng qu mt thng vo nhng lc nng m.

I.2. Cc quy trnh sn xut nc tng.

I.2.1. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ha gii [12], [16], [17].

I.2.1.1. Quy trnh sn xut:


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S I.1. S quy trnh sn xut nc tng theo phng php ha gii

Thanh trng

Lng

NaCl 25%

Mu

NaCl 25%

Lc mn

Ch bin

Cht bo qun

ng chai

Nc tng thnh phm

Hng

B

Phi trn Lc ln 2 B

B

Nc

Lc ln 1

Trung ha

Nc

Soa

Bnh duphng

Thy phn

Nc

HCl 15-16%


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I.2.1.2. Gii thch quy trnh:

Nguyn liu ngm khong 4-5 gi, em nu nhit 110 1200C vi axitclohidric 15-16% trong 18 24 gicho si.

ngui hon ton, lc dch thu phn, trung ho axit bng natri hydroxit hocnatri cacbonat n pH t 5 6 (pH thp hn 5 c v chua; pH cao hn 6 c vng,

mi nng). Sau thm mui vo v tip tc c c n hm lng m cn thit (tiu

chun m: 10 22g/l).

Cui cng em thanh trng, v chai, bo qun v phn phi tiu th.I.2.1.3. u v nhc im ca phng php.

a) u im.

Thi gian sn xut ngn. Mi vc ngi tiu dng a chung. Gi thnh r. Chim t mt bng.b) Nhc im.

C th sinh ra c t 3-MCPD vt mc cho php. Thit b, dng c phi m bo an ton cho ngi trc tip sn xut.

I.2.2. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men [3], [4], [5], [6], [16], [17].

Phng php ln men l phng php sn xut m di tc dng ca enzym(men) thu c t mc ging chn lc v nui cy thu phn protit v gluxit ca

nguyn liu thc vt.


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p dng thnh cng phng php ln men th yu cu quan trng ch yu lphi la chn mc ging tt cho ph hp. Do mc ging c nhiu loi, nhng lm

ra nc tng ngon th phi chn mc gingAspergillus Oryaza.

I.2.2.1. Quy trnh sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men:

S I.2. S quy trnh sn xut nc tng theo phng php ln men

u nnh, u phng

Ngm 4 -5 gi

Hp 100 C

Mc gingAspergillus Oryaza

Ln men

Nc mui 25%

2-3 thng

Lc

Nc tng

B

Tng c


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I.2.2.2. Gii thch quy trnh:

Quy trnh sn xut nc tng theo phng php ln men gm cc giai on sau:

Xl nguyn liu : u nnh, u phng ngm trong nc. Hp. Lm ngui. Trn vi bt m nui nm mcAspergillus Oryaza.

m - thy phn : Thy phn protit u nnh di tc dng ca enzym sinh ra t nm mc. Nguyn liu mc nm, trn u vi nc mui t trong mi trng m. thnh khi 35 400C trong 3 4 ngy. Nu nhit cao qu th phi tri mng ra h nhit xung di 35

400C.

Lc: Khi mc cho vo thit b c van my. Dng nc mui cho vo khi mc, ngp v ngm 8 12 gi. Rt ly nc tng c m cao. Li tip tc cho mui vo b, ngm vi gi v rt ra nc tng c m

thp hn.

Thanh trng 90 1000C. Cho Natri benzoat chng vng mc.


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I.2.2.3. u v nhc im ca phng php.

u im: t c kh nng sinh ra c t 3-MCPD, Afltoxin. To ra 3 sn phm: nc tng, tng c v b. Chng mc Aspergillus Oryaza c hot tnh Amilaza v Proteaza cao lm cho

qu trnh ln men n nh.

Nhc im: Thi gian sn xut ko di 2-3 thng. Mi v nc tng cha quen vi ngi tiu dng. Chim mt bng. Gi thnh tng i cao.

I.2.2.4. Gii thiu chng mcAspergillus Oryaza:

.

Nm mcAspergillus Oryaza cn gi l mc tng, si nm c mu vng lc hayvng hoa cau.

Aspergillus Oryaza l nm mc chnh trong qu trnh lm nc tng, nctng do nm Aspergillus Oryaza ln men ngon hn cc loi nc tng khc. V loi

Hnh I.1. Nm mc Aspergillus Oryaza


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mc ny c kh nng bin tinh bt ca go, np thnh ng lm cho nc tng c v

ngt.

y l loi nm s dng lm men ph bin nht trong qu trnh sn xut nctng bng phng php ln men hin nay. Ta c th cc loi mc ny bng cc cch

sau:

a) Nui cy trong bnh tam gic:

Cch lm mi trng trong bnh tam gic:

Mi trng go:S I.3.Nui cy trn nguyn liu go t

y nt bng giyht m

Hp thanh trng 30- 45 pht

Bnh tam gic(lp dy 1cm)

Bnh tam gicnui mc

Bnh tam gicnui mc sch

Nu

Bp ri

ngui

Go t loi tt

Cm chn u

Cm ngui

Cm ti


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Mi trng ng mnh:S I.4.Nui cy trn nguyn liu ng mnh

y nt bnggiy ht m

Hp thanh trng1200C, 60 pht

Ngmnc

1-2 gi

Trn u

Ng mnh(0,2 - 0,5mm)

Hn hp ngngm nc

Ng ti

Khay

Ng ngm ncu

Bnh tam gic(lp dy 1cm)

Bnh tam gicnui mc

Bp ti

Bnh tam gicnui mc sch


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b) Nui cy mc trn khay:

S I.5. Nui cy trn nguyn liu ng mnh

Hp 3-4 gi

3-4 gi

Trn u

Ngm nc

Ng mnh(0,2 - 0,5mm)

Hn hp ngngm nc

Ng chn u

Khay nh

Ng ngm ncu

Cho ra

Khay ln

Lm ti

6-8 gi, 34-35 C

Nui 34-36 gi, 34-350C

60 gily ra

Trn vi nc mcging bnh tam gic

trong khay thnhlung, 30-320C

Ri lung thnh lp mng

2-3 cm, t0


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I.2.3. Sn xut nc tng bng phng php ha gii kt hp phng php ln

men [15], [16], [17].

Phng php ln men kt hp vi ha gii l phng php ci tin nht da trn s

kt hp hai phng php ln men v ha gii. Phng php ny s dng ging vi sinh

vt v enzym proteaza t sn xut trong nc tng nn gi thnh khng tng v mang

li cho ngi tiu dng mt loi nc tng m bo v nng 3-MCPD thp hn

mc cho php, mi vc chp nhn. Nhng phng php ny i hi phi s dng

thit bc tin nn rt t nh sn xut s dng phng php ny.

I.2.3.1. Quy trnh sn xut:

Mc gingAspergillus Oryaza

Axit HCl 15-16%

Trung ha, lcbng Na2CO3

Bnh du phng

Thy phn 1

Thy phn 2

Dch lc

BNc tng Ch phm sinhhc

Ln men,sy kh

iu v, thanh trng,v chai

S I.6. S phng php ln men kt hp vi phng php ha gii


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I.2.3.2. u v nhc im ca phng php:

a) u im:

Thi gian sn xut rt ngn cn 3 ngy. Nng 3-MCPD mc cho php. Mi vc ngi tiu dng a chung. Gi thnh n nh.b) Nhc im:

Cn thit bc tin v m bo an ton cho ngi trc tip s dng.

I.2.4. Cc phng php khc [15], [16], [17].

Ngoi cc phng php trn, ngi ta cn s dng axit clohidric nng cao chovo xng ng vt, lng g, lng vt (l nguyn liu giu m). Nn trong qu trnh

tip xc, HCl s phn ng vi cht bo trong nguyn liu, ri cho ra amino axit v c

t 3-MCPD.

Sau , trung ha bng natri hydroxit v dng mt ng to mu. Tuy nhin, trong lng g, vt thng cha nhiu cht thch tn (arsenic) v ch l

nhng cht cc c i vi h tiu ha, h thn kinh, cha kn qu trnh thy phn

bng axit clohydric, sn phm c 3-MCPD v 1,3 - CDP l iu tt nhin.

Bn cnh , lng khi thu gom v, li rt dbn v khng hp v sinh. V th,nc tng lm t lng g, vt c gi thnh rt r ch t 1.000 n 1.500 ng 1 lt.

I.3. Tiu chun v nc tng ca B Y T.

I.3.1. Tiu chun vm [9], [15], [16].

I.3.1.1. m trong nc tng l g?


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m trong nc tng l nng Nit ton phn, ni cch khc n l ch s

Protein tnh theo n v g/lt.

I.3.1.2. Phn loi hng nc tng da vo m.

Theo ti liu Nc chm, yu cu k thut ca Tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN1763-86), vic phn chia hng nc tng tu theo phng php sn xut v cht

lng m nc tng c chia thnh 3 hng I, II v III. Trong , cc ch tiu ho

hc ca nc tng:

TCVN(1763-86)Hm lng Nittng s

(g/l)Phn hng

12N I

10N IINc tng

N


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Cssn xut Ch sm

( N hoc g Protein/100ml )Phn hng Phn b, tiu th

12-18N I TPHCM, Ty Nam BMekng

10-14N II Min Trung, min Bc

18-22N I Min Nam

14-16N II Min NamTng Thnh

10-12N III Min Nam

4,32N

Hay 2,7g Protein/100mlI Min Nam

Nht Ca v Nh CaN32,4

Hay 1,6g Protein/100mlII Min Nam

> 6,5 N I Min NamCh Vn

5,6

N II Min Nam

Theo quy nh ca B Y t, sn phm nc tng ca cc c s sn xut trong

nc phi t m ton phn thp nht l 10N v buc phi ghi trn nhn.

iu c bit: Trong khi cc n v nc ngoi hoc lin doanh (nh Magi,

Chinsu, Ch Vn) li c php ghi nhn l hm lng Protein.

I.3.1.3. nh gi cht lng nc tng da vo m.

m cng cao th mi thm c trng ca bnh du, u nnh, u phngcngthm, thi gian bo qun cng lu.

Bng I.2. Chtiu m ca cc cssn xut


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Sn phm c m cng cao th cha th khng nh l ngon, v theo nhn xtca cc nh sn xut: nc tng ngon thng c m t 18-25N, nhng loi tiu

th mnh nht li t 14-18N. Nc tng c mt trn th trng Vit Nam thng cch s t 10-22 N.

Sn phm c m qu cao t 27N trln thng c mi hc, v mn lm tmi ca thc phm, mt i vc trng ca mn n. Do vy, khng cn phi b sung

lng Protein cho loi gia v ny.

Mt s loi nc tng c m t 25-26N, thi gian bo qun nc tngtrung bnh sau khi mnp 3-6 thng trong iu kin thong mt, kh ro.

Vi nhng sn phm nc tng c m thp, th ch s mui m formolcng thp, khng iu kin bo qun sn phm. Do vy, sau mt thi gian s dng

d sn sinh NH3 lm phn hu cc cht dinh dng, si bt khng tan, gy ri lon tiu

ho.

I.3.2. Phng php cm quan [7].

Phng php cm quan (hay trc quan) l quan st, nh gi cht lng sn phm,

hng ha bng cc gic quan: nhn, s, nim, ngi, nghephng php ny c ng

dng rng ri vi nhng sn phm hng ha m mt phn quan trng cht lng ca

n ph thuc vo c trng v thm m, v mu sc, hng v. Nhng c trng ny,

vi phng php ha - c- l, nhiu khi khng gii p c.

Tuy l cm gic nhng hin nay, phng php ny c nh gi cao, coi ngang

hng vi cc phng php hin i khc v n va t tn km, va khng km chnh

xc.

Thit b quan trng nht ca phng php ny l ngi th.

Do phng php cm quan tr thnh phng php chnh thc, khng th

thiu trong vic nh gi cht lng sn phm. C nhiu phng php nh gi cm


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quan khc nhau, ty theo tng trng hp c th. nc ta, cht lng sn phm thc

phm c nh gi theo phng php cho im theo tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN-

3215 -79). Khi phn tch cm quan cho im cc sn phm thc phm, tiu chun VitNam s dng h 20 im c xy dng trn mt thang im thng nht c 6 bc t

0-6. Trong , im 5 l cao nht cho mt ch tiu v gim dn theo bc, 6 bc nh

gi phi tng ng vi tng ni dung m t sau:

Tn ch

tiu

im

sYu cu ch tiu ca tng sn phm

5Sn phm mu nu nht n nu, khng c vng mc, khng c

mu khc l.

4Sn phm c mu nu hi sm, khng c vng mc, khng c

mu khc l.

3Sn phm mu nu en sm, khng c vng mc, c pha mu

thc phm t, khng c mu khc l.

2Sn phm c mu en, khng c vng mc, c pha mu thc

phm nhiu.

1 Sn phm c mu khc l, c vng mc ni ln nhiu.

Mu sc

0 Sn phm khng t cc yu cu trn.

5Dng lng, khng c cn en di y chai, khng c tinh th

mui l. trong

4Dng lng, c ng cn en di y chai t, khng c tinh th

mui l.

Bng I.3.Bng phn cp cht lng sn phm


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3Dng lng, c ng cn en di y chai nhiu, khng c

tinh th mui l.

2 Dng sn st do ng cn qu nhiu, khng c tinh th mui l.

1 Dng st, c tinh th mui nh.

0 Khng m bo cc yu cu trn.

5 Sn phm c mi c trng, khng c mi khc l.

4 Sn phm t c hoc khng c mi c trng.

3 Sn phm c mi hi chua, hi kht.

2 Sn phm c mi chua, kht nhiu.

1 Sn phm c mi l.

Mi

0 Sn phm khng m bo cc yu cu trn.

5Sn phm c v mn, c v chua c trng, khng c v cht,

ng v v l khc.

4Sn phm c v hi mm, c v chua c trng, khng c v cht,

ng, v l khc.

3Sn phm c v mm nhiu, hi chua, khng c v cht, ng v

v khc.

2

Sn phm khng c v mn, qu chua, c vng, khng c v

cht, v l khc.

1 Sn phm khng mn, qu chua, c vng, cht, v l khc.

V



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24

Sn phm c nh gi bng tng im trung bnh chung theo phng php

Duncan khng c h s quan trng K. Nu tng im trung bnh chung cha c h s

K t t 11,2 - 20 im l t.

I.4. Cch xc nh m trong nc tng bng phng php Micro Kjeldahl

[1], [2], [8].

I.4.1. Cc c tnh kthut ca thit b UDK 142:

Ch thch:

1. ng dn c bo v bi lp Plastic. 5. Khay thu hi.

2. ng nghim. 6. B phn p.

3. ng Teflon. 7. Gi bnh.

4. Vnh chn an ton.

Hnh I.2.Thit b chng ctm bng phng php Micro Kjeldahl

1

2

3

6 7

5


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25

* Gm cc b phn:

1. Thit b chng ct kiu UDK 142.

2. ng nghim (42mm x 300mm).

3. Bnh Erlenmeyer (250ml) thu sn phm chng ct.

4. Km ht thi hi nng trong ng nghim t b phn chng ct.

5. ng dn kt ni vi vi nc.

6. ng dn c thit b cm bin nm ngang cha vt liu v o thi nhng cht

cn lng.7. ng dn phng in.

8. Bn phm.

9. Thit b vn hnh bng tay.

* Cc phm chc nng:

ESC : Trli mn hnh hoc danh mc nm ngang pha trn mn hnh. : Xem lin tip mn hnh khi la chn danh mc hoc tng thm gi tr cn

xem.

: Xem lin tip mn hnh khi la chn danh mc hoc gim gi tr cn xem. : Thc hin lnh khi la chn danh mc hoc iu chnh mn hnh.Vic chng ct hi nc c thc hin trong phng th nghim. Khi chng ct

phn on nhng cht lng khng tan, hoc nhng cht rn tun theo nh lut ca

Daton v p sut ring phn i vi mt hn hp kh. Thit b ny c s dng

chng ct phn nh trong ha hc t nhng hn hp, hay nhng cn bng ion trong

dung dch. Sau phn ng khi ta thm axit hoc bazvo. C th, l vic nh lng

m tng s bng phng php Kjeldahl. Mc khc, phng php Kjeldahl cn c


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26

s dng nhiu trong vic xc nh Nitv hm lng Protein trong thc phm. Thit b

ny rt d s dng v cho kt qu chnh xc cao.

H thng chng ct hi nc tng l mt thit bin tc iu khin bi b

vi x l, cho php thay i thi gian chng ct v s bc hi nc. Vic chng ct din

ra nhanh hay chm l ph thuc vo mu phn tch. C ngha l khi tin hnh xc nh

hm lng Protein bng phng php Kjeldahl th thi gian chng ct c th c

gim bt t 2-3 pht, trong khi nhng trng hp khc th c th ko di n 30

pht hoc lu hn na.

I.4.2. Ni dung phng php Kjeldahl.

a) Mc ch :

nh lng Nit tng s trong nguyn liu nh: bt u nnh, bt xng, bt c,

nc tng, nc mm

b)Nguyn l :

Di tc dng ca H2SO4 m c nhit cao v c cht xc tc, cc hp cht

hu cc cha Nitb phn hy v b oxi ho n CO2 v H2O, Nitchuyn thnhAmoniac (NH3) v tip tc kt hp vi H2SO4 to thnh mui Amoni sunfat.

c) M t:

y l qu trnh nh lng Nit tng s theo phng php Kjeldahl c thc

hin theo 3 bc sau:

Bc 1 : V cho nguyn liu:Protein tc dng vi axit Sunfuric m c nhit cao trong mi trng c cht

xc tc.

R-CH(NH2)-COOH + H2SO4 CO2 + H2O + NH3 + SO2

2NH3 + 2H+ 2 +4NH


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2 +4NH+ duSO 24 (NH4)2SO4

Bc 2 : Ct m:(NH4)2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4 + H2SO4 d

Bc 3 : Chun lng H2SO4 cn tha bng NaOH:T lng NaOH tiu tn trong chun vi ln th tht (mu l dung dch m

v cho) v ln th khng (mu l nc ct), chng ta tnh ra c hm lng Nit

tng s trong mu nguyn liu.

d) Cng thc tnh m ton phn:

* Hm lng Nittng s:

i vi mu rn (%):m

KVVX

100*0014,0**)( 211

=

i vi mu long (g/l):10

1000*20*0014,0**)( 211

KVVX

=

Trong :

V1 : th tch ca dung dch NaOH 0,1N dng cho php th trng (ml).

V2 : th tch ca dung dch NaOH 0,1N dng chun mu tht (ml).

10 : th tch mu th pha long (ml).

m : khi lng mu th (g).

K: h siu chnh NaOH (K=1).

20 : l pha long mu th.

0,0014 : s gam Nittng ng vi 1ml NaOH 0,1N.

1000 : h s tnh ra g/l.

100 : h s tnh ra phn trm.

* Hm lng Protein (%): X2 = 6,25* X1


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CHNG II: K THUT THC NGHIM

II.1. Nguyn liu - dng c - ha cht.

II.1.1. Nguyn liu:

Bnh du phng loi tt, cn nguyn vn, khng nhim mc en v c mi thmc trng c mua t chKim Bin Si Gn.

Go, np phi chn loi tt, loi b sn, t, ht h, thc, tru c mua ChTn Tch thnh ph Cao Lnh.

L chui ra sch, lau kh. Mc gingAspergillus Oryaza.

II.1.2. Dng c

Nhit k cn, cc thy tinh 500ml. H snh loi va c np y. R nh, nia hoc xng ln. 1 ci thau va. a tre di 1,5m. Ni hp. Mt ci bao b, mt ci gi, .... Cn phn tch c chnh xc 0,0001g. Bnh cu c nhnh, dung tch 250ml. Bnh tam gic, dung tch 250ml v 50ml. H thng sinh hn.


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Bp un c chc nng kim sot nhit. Buret 25ml. Pipet 10ml v cc dng c thng thng khc trong phng th nghim.

II.1.3. Ha cht:

Mui n (NaCl). Nc ct. Hn hp xc tc K2SO4/CuSO4 (t l 10:1) theo khi lng. H2SO4m c, dung dch H2SO4 0,1N. Dung dch NaOH 30%, dung dch NaOH 0,1N. Cht ch th: Phenolphtalein 1% v ch th hn hp (Metyl : Metyl xanh).

II.2. Xy dng quy trnh ch bin nc tng.

II.2.1. Nui mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza:

II.2.1.1. Nguyn liu chnh:

Go, np (0,5kg). L chui sch.

II.2.1.2. S lm mc ging:


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30

S II.1.Quy trnh lm mcAspergillus Oryaza

Vt ra

Cho ra

3 ngy

2 ngy

Go + np

i sch

Ngm nc 4-5 gi

Xng

Hp 2 gi

Xng go, npchn u

Lm ti

Thau

ngui

L chui lp dy1,5-2cm

Nia y l chui khc kn li

Bao b

Mbao b

Mc vng, , xanh lc

Ly mc ra

Phi nng

Lm nhuyn


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31

II.2. 2. Quy trnh lm nc tng bng phng php ln men:

II.2.2.1. Nguyn liu chnh:

Bnh du phng (1,5 kg). Mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza.

II.2.2.2. S sn xut nc tng:

S II.2.Quy trnh lm nc tng bng phng php ln men

H snh c np y

cho ln men 50-60 C

Nc mui 25%

3 thng

em lc

Nc tng I

Nc tngII

Ch bin

Nc tng thnhphm

B

Ln 1

Ln 2

Nghin

Ly hnhpmc

Bnh du phng

Phn loi kch c

Ngm nc 4-5 gi

Chn u

Hp 5-6 gi

Thau

Nia

Ngui

Trn mc lm trn

y l chui kn li

Bao b

3 ngy

Mc pht trin u

Mbao b


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32

II.3. Xc nh m trong nc tng sau khi sn xut.

II.3.1. Nguyn tc:

Mu c v cha bng axit Sunfuric m c, Nit c trong mu th chuyn

thnh Amoni sunfat. Dng kim mnh y Amoniac ra khi Amoni sunfat trong h

thng ct m to thnh Amoni hydroxyt ri nh lng bng axit.

II.3.2. Dng c - thit b:

Cn phn tch c chnh xc 0,0001g. Bnh cu c nhnh, dung tch 250ml. Bnh tam gic, dung tch 250ml v 50ml. H thng sinh hn. Bp un c chc nng kim sot nhit. Buret 25ml, Pipet 10ml v cc dng c thng thng khc trong phng th

nghim.

II.3.3. Ha cht:

II.3.3.1. Hn hp xc tc K2SO4/CuSO4 (t l 10:1 theo khi lng)

Cn 10g K2SO4 v 1g CuSO4, nghin nhuyn ri trn u.

II.3.3.2. Axit H2SO4m c trong phng th nghim.

II.3.3.3. Dung dch H2SO4 0,1N:

Dng Pipet ht 2,8ml H2SO4m c cho vo bnh nh mc 1000ml, nh mc tivch.

II.3.3.4. Dung dch NaOH 30%:


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33

Cn 150g NaOH rn ha tan bng nc ct n 500ml trong bnh nh mc, nh

mc ti vch.

II.3.3.5. Dung dch NaOH 0,1N:

Ha tan 2g NaOH rn pha thnh 500ml trong bnh nh mc, nh mc ti vch.

II.3.3.6. Phenolphtalein 1%:

Cn 1g phenolphtalein pha trong Etanol 600 trong bnh nh mc 100ml, nh mc

ti vch.

II.3.3.7. Hn hp chth:

Cn 0,1g Metyl v 0,05g Metyl xanh pha trong Etanol 600 trong bnh nh mc

100ml, nh mc ti vch.

II.3.4. Cch ly mu v chun b mu:

i vi nc tng nn lc u hn hp trc khi ly mu i phn tch.

Khi ly mu phi bo qun trong cc dng c thch hp, sch, kn, trong cc iu

kin khng lm nh hng ti cht lng mu.Chun b 2 mu:

Mu 1: cha qua ch bin (lc b b ly nc tng). Mu 2: qua ch bin (sau khi lc xong, em nu si khong 1000C, sau cho

gia v v cht bo qun).

II.3.5. Cch tin hnh:

Gm 3 giai on c th sau:

II.3.5.1. Giai on v cha mu:

Lc u mu nc tng, ly 5ml nc tng bng Pipet sch cho vo bnh nh

mc 100ml, nh mc bng nc ct cho ti vch, lc u.


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Ht 20ml dung dch pha long bng pipet cho vo bnh cu c nhnh, cho 2g xc

tc vo v 5ml H2SO4m c, y np kn li 30 pht.

Dng nt cao su c gn h thng sinh hn y ln bnh ph mu, t ln bp un ri

dn lung kh CO2 v SO2 i qua dung dch NaOH c trnh gy nhim mi

trng xung quanh.

Tin hnh un nh, sau tng nhit dn, nhng ch nhit un phi nh

hn 1000C.

Trong qu trnh un, thy mu khng trng th ngng un, ngui cho thm 0,5g

xc tc v 3ml H2SO4m c vo v tip tc un.

Tin hnh un cho n khi dung dch c mu xanh trong, mt trong bnh khng

hon ton trong sch m c cn en th ngng un, ngui.

Hnh II.1.Thit b ph mu Hnh II.2.Dung dchnc tng saukhi ph mu.


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II.3.5.2. Giai on chng ct mu:

Dng pipet ht 20ml H2SO4 0,1N cho vo bnh tam gic (bnh hnh nn hay elen)

hng ca b ct m v nh t t 3 git ch th hn hp vo bnh tam gic. Nhng u

di ng sinh hn ca b ct m ngp vo dung dch trong bnh tam gic trnh mt

m.

Cho mu v cha vo bnh chng ct (bnh cu c nhnh), dng nc ct trng

bnh cu cha mu v cha nhiu ln cho n khi nc trng ht phn ng vi axit

(th bng giy qu). Cho 5 git phenolphtalein 1% v 35ml dung dch NaOH 30%,

trng nc ct cho sch kim phiu.

Nu dung dch trong bnh cha c mu hng m th tip tc thm 5-10ml dung

dch NaOH 30% n khi dung dch c mu hng m. Thm nc ct n khong 2/3

th tch ca bnh v kha phiu li. Gi mt t nc ct trn phiu cao khong 2cm

trnh NH3 bay ln.

Tin hnh ct n khi bnh hng c khong 250ml th dng (thu ng sinh

hn bng giy qu nu khng c phn ng kim th qu trnh ct kt thc).

H bnh hng xung ng sinh hn khng chm mt nc v dng nc ct ra

sch u ng sinh hn cho chy vo bnh hng.

Hnh II.3.Dung dch bnh hng.

Hnh II.4.Thit b chngct mu khi gn bnh hng.


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II.3.5.3. Giai on chun mu:

* Mu v cha:

Ly bnh hng (bnh tam gic) ra chun lng axit d trong bnh bng NaOH

0,1N nng chnh xc. Ht 5ml dung dch trong bnh tam gic em chun .

Cho dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo Buret, nh mc ti vch 0. Nh t t dung dch

NaOH 0,1N vo bnh tam gic n khi dung dch chuyn t mu tm sang mu xanh l

m th dng chun .

* Mu trng (mu nc ct): Tng t v s dng cng lng thuc th nh trn.

Hnh II.5. Dung dch trong

bnh chng ct mu. Hnh II.6. Thit bangtin hnh chng ct mu.

Hnh II.7. Dung dchem chun . Hnh II.8. Dung dch

sau khi chun .


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II.3.5.4. Tnh kt qu:

a) Hm lng Nittng s tnh bng g/l:10

1000*20*0014,0**)( 211

KVVX

=

b) Hm lng Protein tnh theo %: 25,6*12 XX =

II.4. Phng php thcm quan phn tch cht lng nc tng.

II.4.1. Chun b:

Dng c v iu kin th cm quan theo TCVN 3215 79

Lc kchai ng mu th, mnt chai rt ra 15-20ml nc tng vo mt cc thy

tinh khng mu, kh, sch c dung tch 50ml xc nh ch tiu cm quan.

II.4.2. Cch tin hnh:

II.4.2.1. Xc nh mu sc:

Khi nhn xt mu sc phi t cc nh mu thni sng, trn nn trng. Mt

ngi quan st phi cng pha ngun sng chiu vo mu th.

II.4.2.2. Xc nh trong:

t cc ng mu thgia ngun sng v mt ngi quan st, lc nh cc xc

nh trong.

II.4.2.3. Xc nh mi:

Sau khi rt nc tng t chai mu ra cc phi 5-10 pht mi xc nh mi. Cn

tin hnh ni thong, khng c mi l dnh hng n vic nhn xt mi ca mu

th.II.4.2.4. Xc nh v:

Trc khi xc nh v ca nc tng phi sc ming bng nc l un si

ngui, khng c ht thuc l, ung nc tr trc khi xc nh v.


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Sau khi dng mu nc tng xc nh cc ch tiu cm quan, khng c tr

li chai ng mu th v cng khng c dng xc nh cc ch tiu ha hc.

Hi ng cm quan gm 10 thnh vin vi cc ch tiu v mu sc, trong, mi,

v.

Ta t:

Mu 1: mu cha qua ch bin (lc b b ly nc tng). Mu 2: mu qua ch bin (sau khi lc xong, em nu si khong 1000C, sau

cho gia v v cht bo qun).

Tin hnh cm quan hai mu trn.


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CHNG III: KT QU THO LUN

III.1. Quy trnh sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men.

III.1.1. u im:

To ra sn phm nc tng sch khng c 3-MCPD m bo an ton sc khecho ngi tiu dng.

Khng s dng cc ha cht c hi. S dng mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza lm t nguyn liu go, np.

III.1.2. Nhc im:

Cn c lu, h sch. Thi gian sn xut di 3 thng mi cho sn phm. Mi v cha quen vi ngi tiu dng. Cn mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza, nhng vic lm mc rt kh.

III.2. Xc nh m ca nc tng sn xut c.

Trc khi tin hnh xc nh m ta chun b 2 mu: Mu 1: cha qua ch bin (lc b b ly nc tng). Mu 2: qua ch bin (sau khi lc xong, em nu si khong 1000C, sau

cho gia v v cht bo qun).

Kt qu:


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40

Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,1N (ml)

Mu

Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 NaOHV

1 7,45 7,44 7,43 7,44

2 7,60 7,59 7,58 7,59

Th tch dung dch NaOH 0,1N (ml)

Mu

Ln 1 Ln 2 Ln 3 NaOHV

1 10,95 10,94 10,93 10,94

2 11,04 11,03 11,03 11,03

Bng III.1.Thtch dung dch NaOH 0,1N dng chun mu trng.

Bng III.2.Thtch dung dch NaOH 0,1N dng chun mu v cha.


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41

Mu

Mu

trng

(V1)

ml

Mu v

cha

(V2)

ml

V1-V2

ml

Hm

lng

Nit

tng s

g/l

Hm

lng

Protein

%

1 10,94 7,44 3,50 9,80 61,25

2 11,03 7,59 3,44 9,64 60,25

Kt lun: Nc tng qua ch bin c hm lng Nit tng s v hm lngProtein nh hn nc tng cha qua ch bin khng nhiu, do nc tng qua chbin c b sung thm gia v, cht bo qun nhng khng nh hng nhiu n m.

Tuy nc tng qua ch bin c hm lng Nitt hn nhng vn gic mi v

thm ngon c trng ca nc tng, l v mn v v ngt ca ng. Cn nc

tng cha qua ch bin c hm lng m cao hn mt t, c mi vc trng ring

ca nc tng, nhng c v mn lkhng m nh nc tng qua ch bin.

Bng III.3.Hm lng Nitv Protein trong nc tng


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Kt lun: Da theo TCVN1763-86, nc tng sn xut c phn hng loi III,v c m v hm lng Protein (theo bng I.1 trang 16).

Hm lng Nittng s v hm lng Protein ca mu 2 tht thot khng nhiu so

vi mu 1, v mu 2 qua ch bin c b sung thm gia v, cht bo qun, nhng

khng nh hng nhiu n m.

III.3. Phng php cm quan cht lng nc tng:

Trc khi tin hnh cm quan ta chun b: Dng c theo TCVN 3215-79 Mu phn tch: 2 mu. Mu 1: cha qua ch bin (lc b b ly nc tng). Mu 2: qua ch bin (sau khi lc xong, em nu si khong 1000C, sau cho

gia v v cht bo qun).

Kt qu:

Theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1763-86

Mu Hm lng Nittng s(g/l) Hm lng Protein(%) Phn hng

1 9,80 61,25 III

2 9,64 60,25 III

Bng III.4. So snh vi tiu chun ca Vit Nam


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43

Mu 1 Mu 2

Tnch

tiu

TB

khng

c K

H s

quan

trng K

TB

c K

TB

khng

c K

H s

quan

trng K

TB

c K

Mu

sc4,7 0,5 2,35 4,9 0,5 2,45

trong 4,0 1,5 6 4,4 1,5 6,6

Mi 3,3 0,5 1,65 3,2 0,5 1,6

V 2,8 1,5 4,2 3,5 1,5 5,25

Tng

im

14,8 4 14,15 16,0 4 15,90

Kt lun: Nc tng qua ch bin th thu c sn phm c cht lngkhng khc nhiu so vi sn phm cha qua ch bin. Bi v, nc tng cha qua ch

bin c mu nu m, mi c trng ca nc tng, v mn l hi kh nim. Cn

nc tng qua ch bin c: mu nu nht, mi c trng, v mn, ngt dn.

Cc mu nc tng do chng ti t sn xut cht cht lng mc trung bnh,bi v chng ti cha c kinh nghim v vn ny.

Bng III.5. Kt qu cm quan


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44

PHN KT LUN KIN NGH

I. Kt lun:

Nhng kt qu nghin cu t c ca ti:

Lm mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza t go, np. Tin hnh thc nghim trn 1,5kg bnh du phng th cho ra 3 lt nc tng. Thc nghim 3 thng cho ra 2 mu nc tng. Hin 2 mu ny c chng

ti tin hnh cm quan v phn tch hm lng m tng s, hm lng Protein

nh gi cht lng sn phm. Kt qu cho thy:

Hm lng Nittng s: 9,64 - 9,80g/l. Hm lng Protein: 60,25 - 61,25%. Phn tch cm quan t 14,15 - 16,00 im ph hp vi TCVN3215-79.

Tin hnh phn tch cm quan 2 mu: mu 1 (cha qua ch bin), mu 2 ( quach bin). Kt qu sn phm qua ch bin c cht lng khng khc nhiu so vi

sn phm cha qua ch bin.

Thc nghim xc nh m 2 mu th thy mu 2 tht thot khng nhiu sovi mu 1.

Cc mu nc tng do chng ti t sn xut cht cht lng mc trungbnh, bi v chng ti cha c kinh nghim v vn ny.

II. Kin ngh:

Mc d phng php sn xut nc tng bng phng php ln men t bnhdu phng s to ra sn phm ngon, sch v m bo sc khe cho ngi tiu dng.

Trong qu trnh sn xut nc tng c s dng mc ging Aspergillus Oryaza, nhng

vic lm mc ging rt kh. Nn y, hn ch ca chng ti l cha mua c mc


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45

ging Aspergillus Oryaza c nui cy sn ca Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Thnh

Ph H Ch Minh.

Do chng ti ch s dng phng php th cng xc nh m trong nctng nn kt qut c khng chnh xc tuyt i.

V vy, chng ti c kin ngh cho hng tip theo nh sau: Nghin cu thm v vic sn xut mc ging. Nn lin h vi Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Thnh Ph H Ch Minh mua mc

ging.

Nu c thi gian nn so snh nc tng sn xut t mc t lm vi nc tnglm bng mc ging ca Vin Khoa hc cng ngh Thnh Ph H Ch Minh.

So snh m xc nh theo phng php th cng vi phng php xc nhbng my bit thm v chnh xc.


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TI LIU THAM KHO.

1. Phm Th Trn Chu (1987), Thc hnh ha sinh, NXB GD.2. Nguyn Th Hin V Thy Th(2003),Ha sinh nng nghip, NXB HSP.3. Nguyn c Lng (2004), Cng ngh enzym, NXB HQG TPHCM.4. Nguyn c Lng, Cng ngh vi sinh vt - thc phm ln men truyn thng

(tp 3), NXB H KThut TPHCM.

5. Nguyn c Lng, Cng ngh sinh hc, NXB H kthut TPHCM.6. Nguyn Xun Thnh, Gio trnh vi sinh vt hc cng nghip, NXB GD.7. Trung tm 3 - tng cc tiu chun o lng cht lng TPHCM (www.quatest

3.com.vn).

8. HouBenWeyl (1979), Cc phng php phn tch ha hc hu c (tp1,2),NXB Khoa Hc v K Thut H Ni.

9. http://www.asimco.com.vn10.http://www.dost-bentre.gov.vn11.http://giaoanviolet.vn12.http://www.hoahocvietnam.vn13.http://www.H2.vn14.http://www.medinethochiminhcity.gov.vn15.http://sem.net16.http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn17.http://vietsciences.vn
http://www.quatest/http://www.dost-bentre.gov.vn/http://www.dost-bentre.gov.vn/http://giaoanviolet.vn/http://giaoanviolet.vn/http://www.hoahocvietnam.vn/http://www.hoahocvietnam.vn/http://www.h2.vn/http://www.h2.vn/http://www.medinethochiminhcity.gov.vn/http://www.medinethochiminhcity.gov.vn/http://www.medinethochiminhcity.gov.vn/http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn/http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn/http://vietsciences.vn/http://vietsciences.vn/http://vietsciences.vn/http://www.tiengiang.gov.vn/http://www.medinethochiminhcity.gov.vn/http://www.h2.vn/http://www.hoahocvietnam.vn/http://giaoanviolet.vn/http://www.dost-bentre.gov.vn/http://www.quatest/


47/49

47

PH LC

PHIU CHO IM CM QUAN NC TNG

Bng im chi tit:

im cm quanTn

ch

tiu

im

sYu cu ch tiu ca tng sn phm

Mu 1 Mu 2

Nhn xt

5

Sn phm mu nu nht n nu,

khng c vng mc, khng c mu

khc l.

4Sn phm c mu nu hi sm, khng

c vng mc, khng c mu khc l.

3

Sn phm mu nu en sm, khng c

vng mc, c pha mu thc phm t,

khng c mu khc l.

2Sn phm c mu en, khng c vng

mc, c pha mu thc phm nhiu.

1Sn phm c mu khc l, c vng

mc ni ln nhiu.

Mu

sc


5Dng lng, khng c cn en di

y chai, khng c tinh th mui l.

trong

4Dng lng, c ng cn en di

y chai t, khng c tinh th mui l.


48/49

48

3

Dng lng, c ng cn en di

y chai nhiu, khng c tinh th

mui l.

2Dng sn st do ng cn qu nhiu,

khng c tinh th mui l.

1 Dng st, c tinh th mui nh.

0 Khng m bo cc yu cu trn.

5 Sn phm c mi c trng, khng cmi khc l.

4Sn phm t c hoc khng c mi c

trng.

3 Sn phm c mi hi chua, hi kht.

2 Sn phm c mi chua, kht nhiu.

1 Sn phm c mi l.

Mi

0Sn phm khng m bo cc yu cu

trn.

5

Sn phm c v mn, c v chua c

trng, khng c v cht, ng v v l

khc.

V

4

Sn phm c v hi mm, c v chua

c trng, khng c v cht, ng, v

l khc.


49/49

49

3Sn phm c v mm nhiu, hi chua,

khng c v cht, ng v v khc.

2

Sn phm khng c v mn, qu chua,

c vng, khng c v cht, v l

khc.

1Sn phm khng mn, qu chua, c v

ng, cht, v l khc.


Cao Lnh, ngy..thngnm 2009Ngi cm quan

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