Islam Gr. 13.pmd ed

,];yhk;

juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13juk; 13

Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bMrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b

(2010Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)

rkaf; fy;tpj; Jiwrkaf; fy;tpj; Jiwrkaf; fy;tpj; Jiwrkaf; fy;tpj; Jiwrkaf; fy;tpj; Jiw

fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

20102010201020102010

190190190190190,];yhk;,];yhk;,];yhk;,];yhk;,];yhk; juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13 juk; 13

© Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

Kjyhk; gjpg;G - 2010

rkaj;Jiw

fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

gjpg;gfk;:

KfTiuKfTiuKfTiuKfTiuKfTiu

Nju;r;rpfis mbj;jskhff; nfhz;l fiyj;jpl;lj;ijg; ghlrhiy Kiwikapy;

mwpKfk; nra;Ak; gzp 13Me; juj;Jf;Fupa Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfis

mwpKfq; nra;tJld; G+u;j;jpailfpd;wJ. 12Mk; 13Me; ju khzt khztpau;fs;

gy;fiyf;fofg; gpuNtrj;Jf;fhf epyTk; fLikahd Nghl;bf;F cs;shtjhy;

epjKk; fzprkhd mOj;jj;Jf;F Mshfpd;wdu;. f.ngh.j. cau; juj;Jf;fhf

Gjpa fiyj;jpl;lj;ij Kjy; jlitahfg; gad;gLj;Jk; epiyapy; mt;tOj;jk;

NkYk; mjpfupf;Fk;. mt;thwhd xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; cq;fsJ iffis milAk;

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bahdJ ghlj;jpl;lj;ijg; Nghd;Nw Kf;fpakhd

jhFk;. ,q;F Mrpupau; Kjd;ik ahff; ftdj;jpnyLf;f Ntz;ba %d;W mk;rq;fs;

cs;sd. Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;bfs; ghlj;jpl;lj;Jld; KOikahfg;

nghUe;jpaike;jpUj;jy;> fiyj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Nju;r;rpfis

mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L fiyj;jpl;lj; jj;Jtj;ijAk; J}uNehf;ifAk; Kjd;ikahff;

nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;> 12Mk; 13Me; ju khztu;fsplj;Nj vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

milT kl;lj;ij kdjpw;nfhz;L jahupf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; MfpadNt mitahFk;.

vdNt ,jid ed;F crhTjy; Mrpupaupd; ,d;wpaikahj gzpAk; nghWg;GkhFk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W tplaq;fisAk; cq;fsJ ftdj;Jf;Ff; nfhz;L tUjtw;fhfj;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; 13Me; juj;jpy; fw;gpf;Fk; rfy Mrpupa MrpupiafSf;Fk;

cupa gapw;rpia toq;Fk; gzpfisAk; nra;J tUfpd;wJ. njhlu;r;rpahf

elj;jg;gLk; ,g;gapw;rp mku;Tfspy; Mrpupau;fs; gq;Fgw;WtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; Nfhl;ghLfs;> nrad; Kiwfis

tpsq;fpf;nfhs;tjw;F mg;gapw;rp ngupJk; Jizahf mikAnkd;gNj mjw;fhd

fhuzkhFk;. Fwpg;ghf ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;Lr; nraw;ghLfis Nju;r;rp

tpUj;jpf;Fj; Jizahff;nfhs;s vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fw;gpj;jiyg; ghl

tplq;fSf;F khj;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jptplhJ khzt khztpauJ jpwd;fSf;F

nkU$l;Ljy; vDk; vjpu;ghu;g;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;F ,t;nty;yhj; jiyaPLfSk;

,d;wpaikahjitahFk; vd;gij fy;tp kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lg; gzpfspy; <LgLk;

ehk; midtUk; ed;F tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;biaj; jahupf;Fk; rpukkpf;f gzpia epiwT nra;tjpy;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;a Njrpa fy;tp epWtf fy;tprhu; gzpazpapdu; cl;gl Vida

rfy gzpazpapdUf;Fk; ntspthupahfg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j fy;tpkhd;fs;

midtUf;Fk; vdJ kdkhu;e;j ed;wp cupj;jhFk;.

fyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrjufyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrjufyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrjufyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrjufyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrju

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

i

Kd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;DiuKd;Diu

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b 2010Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; 13Mk; juj;jpw;Fupa

fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwia xOq;FgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F cq;fSf;Fj;

Jizahf mikAk;. ,e;j topfhl;b E}iyj; jahupg;gjw;F mbg;gilahff;

nfhs;sg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk; ,Jtiuapy; eilKiwapypUe;j ghlj;jpl;lq;fspypUe;J

NtWgl;lJ. ,J Nju;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ghlj;jpl;lkhf

mike;jpUg;gNj mt;NtWghlhFk;. ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s Nju;r;rpfis ,j;juj;jpNyNa

mila Kbahkw; Nghf ,lKz;L. rpyNtis> mjw;fhf ePz;lfhyk; vLf;fyhk;.

vdpDk;> Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fisAk; me;jj; Nju;r;rp kl;lj;jpd; fPo; jug;gl;Lg;gl;Ls;s

fw;ww; NgWfisAk; ,j;juk; Kbtiltjw;Fs; miljy; mtrpakhFk;. vdNt>

,j;juj;jpw;Fupa ghlq;fisj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;tjw;F mj;Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fSk;

fw;ww;NgWfSk; JizahFk;.

,f;fw;ww;NgWfis fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis tFj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;Fk; tFg;giw kjpg;gPl;Lf; fUtpfis jahupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fkhd

epajpfshfg; gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;JtPu;fs; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fpNwhk;.

NkYk; ,g;ghlj;ijg; gapYk;NghJ crhTtjw;Fupa Nkyjpf E}y;fs;> ,iza

tiy flg;gplq;fs; (Web Site) Kjyhdit Fwpj;J khztu;fSf;F mwpt+l;lk;

nra;tjw;F ,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;b Jizahf mikAk;.

ePq;fs; Mf;fg+u;tkhd Mrpupauhfr; nraw;gLtPu;fs; vDk; vjpu;ghu;g;GlNdNa

cj;Njr nraw;ghLfs; ,q;F khjpupr; nraw;ghLfshfj; jug;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij

fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Fwpg;ghf Mrpupau; - ika tFg;giwr; nrad;Kiwia

khw;wp khztu; - ikar; nrad;Kiwahf mikj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;

gLfpwJ. vdNt> khztu; E}y; crhTif> ,izag; gad;ghL Kjyhd Njly;fspy;

ftdk; nry;yj;jf;fthW fw;wy; tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;FtJ Fwpj;J kpfTk;

mtjhdkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

fw;gpj;jypd;NghJ kuG uPjpahd Kiwapy; Fwpg;G toq;Ftjw;Fg; gjpyhd ftu;r;rpfukhd

tifapy; Gj;jwpT> Nfhl;ghLfs; Kjyhdtw;iw Kd;itj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf

,g;Gjpa tFg;giwapy; njhopy;El;gj;ij cr;rstpy; cgNahfg;gLj;Jk; njhlu;ghly;

Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;JtJ Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. vdNt> Gjpa

njhopy;El;gr; rhjdq;fis ,d;wsTf;F Mf;fg+u;tkhfg; gad;gLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;.

13Mk; juj;jpy; fw;fj; njhlq;Fk; cq;fs; khztu;fSf;F ,g;ghlj;jpl;lk; Fwpj;J

njspTgLj;JtJ gaDilajhFk;. tUlj;Js; eilKiwg; gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;Fk;

cq;fsJ fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; jpl;lj;ij mwpKfQ; nra;tjhy; fw;wypd;ghy;

mk;khztu;fspd; Mu;tj;ijj; J}z;lyhk;. NkYk; KOg; ghlj;ijAk; fw;gjw;fhf

khztu;fis ghlrhiyapd;ghy; <u;g;gjw;Fk; mJ JizahFk;. Gjpa fiyj;jpl;l

kWrPuikg;gpD}lhf tFg;giwf; fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapy; njs;sj;

njspthd khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;ijAk; Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G

topfhl;biaAk; gad;gLj;jp cq;fsJ Mf;fj; jpwid tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;SkhW

Ntz;LfpNwd;.

i i

,e;j Mrpupau; mwpTiug;G topfhl;biaj; jahupg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

fy;tpkhd;fSf;Fk;> Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; Njrpa fy;tp epWtf mjpfhupfSf;Fk; vdJ

tpN\l ed;wpiaj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,g;gzpapy; topfhl;ly; toq;fpa gzpg;ghsu;

ehafk; fyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrju mtu;fSf;Fk; mr;rpl;L ghlrhiyfSf;F

tpepNahfpf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Ws;s fy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; cl;gl Vida

gzpahsu;fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpiaj; njuptpf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jpy; mlq;fpAs;s tplaq;fs;

njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ Mf;fg+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fis vdf;F mDg;gp itg;gPu;fshapd;

ed;wpAilatdhNtd;.

tpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhltpky; rpak;gyhnfhl

cjtpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

fiyj;jpl;l mgptpUj;jpg; gPlk;.

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

i i i

iv

fy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpfy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpfy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpfy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpfy;tp ntspaPl;L Mizahsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp

MNyhridAk; topfhl;bAk;MNyhridAk; topfhl;bAk;MNyhridAk; topfhl;bAk;MNyhridAk; topfhl;bAk;MNyhridAk; topfhl;bAk; : fyhepjp cghyp vk;. Nrju

gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

jpU. tpky; rpak;gyhnfhl

cjtpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;

nkhopfs;> khDltpay;> r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

gzpg;Ggzpg;Ggzpg;Ggzpg;Ggzpg;G : fyhepjp khk;Gy;nfhl Rkdujd Njuu;

gzpg;ghsu;

rkaf; fy;tpj; Jiw

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk; : [dhg; v];.vk;.Mu;. #jPd;

gpujk nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

tpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhridtpla MNyhrid : fyhepjp vk;.V.vk;. Rf;up - gzpg;ghsu;

esPkpa;ah ,];yhkpa fyhgPlk;> NgUtis

m\;n\a;f; V.]P. mfhu; K`k;kj; -

gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu;>

esPkpa;ah ,];yhkpa fyhgPlk;> NgUtis

m\;n\a;f; vk;.v];. mg;Jy; ghup

jiytu;> muG ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;Jiw

Nguhjid gy;fiyf;fofk;

nksytp vk;.vr;.vk;. yhgpu;

gpujpepjp> mfpy ,yq;if [k;,a;aJy; cykh

vOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FOvOj;jhsu; FO : [dhg; vk;.vr;.vk;. ehspu;

m\;n\a;f; v];.vk;.vk;. k]h`pu;

m\;n\a;f; vd;. fg+u;jPd;

[dhg; vk;.v];.vk;. md];

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vk;. g];Yu; u ;̀khd;

m\;n\a;f; V.gP.vk;. mg;gh];

m\;n\a;f; V.]P. ]h[`hd;

[dhg; vk;.v];.vk;. g+]up

m\;n\a;f; vk;.vr;.vk;. G`hup

[dhg; v];.vk;.Mu;. #jPd;

nkhopr; nrt;itahf;fk;nkhopr; nrt;itahf;fk;nkhopr; nrt;itahf;fk;nkhopr; nrt;itahf;fk;nkhopr; nrt;itahf;fk; : vk;.vr;.vk;. ahf;$j;

gjpg;Ggjpg;Ggjpg;Ggjpg;Ggjpg;G : [dhg; v];.vk;.Mu;. #jPd;

gpujk nraw;wpl;l mjpfhup

Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;

fzpdp tbtikg;Gfzpdp tbtikg;Gfzpdp tbtikg;Gfzpdp tbtikg;Gfzpdp tbtikg;G : vk;.lg;spa+.V. m]hu;

vg;.V.vg;. ep];kpah (Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;)

ml;ilg;glk;ml;ilg;glk;ml;ilg;glk;ml;ilg;glk;ml;ilg;glk; : vk;.lg;spa+.V. m]hu;

v

vi

cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;cs;slf;fk;

KfTiu i

Kd;Diu ii

mwpKfk; iv

vOj;jhsu; FO v

tpla topfhl;bj; njhlu; 01

ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL 182


Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0Nju;r;rp 7.0 ::::: ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; tsh;r;rp gw;wpAk; ,yq;ifapy;,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; tsh;r;rp gw;wpAk; ,yq;ifapy;,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; tsh;r;rp gw;wpAk; ,yq;ifapy;,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; tsh;r;rp gw;wpAk; ,yq;ifapy;,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; tsh;r;rp gw;wpAk; ,yq;ifapy;

,];yhk; mwpKfkhdik gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp vLj;Jf;,];yhk; mwpKfkhdik gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp vLj;Jf;,];yhk; mwpKfkhdik gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp vLj;Jf;,];yhk; mwpKfkhdik gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp vLj;Jf;,];yhk; mwpKfkhdik gw;wpAk; tpsf;fp vLj;Jf;

$Wthh;.$Wthh;.$Wthh;.$Wthh;.$Wthh;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.17.17.17.17.1 ::::: ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;ijAk; tsu;r;rpiaAk; tpsq;fp

Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; ::::: 25 ghlNtisfs;

fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l ,];yhk; Njhd;wp tsu;e;j gpd;dzpia tpsq;fp ,];yhj;jpd;

mtrpaj;ij tpsf;fkhf vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.

l ,];yhj;jpd; rka> r%f> murpay; tsu;r;rpapd; gbj;juq;

fis tuyhw;W uPjpahf tpsf;fp fl;Liu vOJthu;.

tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;b:tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;b:tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;b:tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;b:tpla cs;slf;f topfhl;b:

l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;

l ,];yhk; kdpjdpd; Njhw;wj;NjhL Muk;gkhd xU tho;f;if KiwahFk;. vy;yh

egpkhu;fSk; ,];yhj;ijNa Nghjpj;jhu;fs;. vy;yh egpkhu;fspd; jPDk; ,];yh

khfNt ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy;> fhyj;Jf;Fk; r%f #oYf;Fk; Vw;g me;j jPdpd;

\uPmj; khw;wk; ngw;wJ. ,];yhj;jpd; ~jPd;| epiyahdjhf> ~\uPMj;| fhyj;Jf;Fk;

#oYf;Fk; Vw;g nefpo;tjhf ,Ue;jJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;NjhL

\uPmj;Jk; epiyahdjhf mike;Jtpl;lJ. vdNtjhd; ~~my;yh`;tplj;jpy;

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l khu;f;fk; ,];yhk;|| (3:19) vd;Wk; Kd;ida egpkhu;fisg;

Nghd;Nw egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;Fk; \uPmj; toq;fg;gl;lnjd;Wk; (5:48) my;Fu;Md;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

l ,q;F egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l

\uPmj;Jldhd ,];yhk; gw;wpNa ehk; Nehf;ftpUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

l egp K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fs; fp.gp. 6Mk; E}w;whz;bd; 7MtJ jrhg;jj;jpy;

gpwe;jhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ up]hyj; 7MtJ E}w;whz;bd; Kjy; jrhg;jj;jpy;

Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F Kd;du; cyfpy; gy rkaq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtw;Ws;

rpy t`p %yk; my;yh`;tpdhy; mUsg;gl;lit. mtw;Ws; jt;whj;> ]g+u;>

,d;[Py; vd;gd ehk; mwpe;jit. NtW rpy my;yh`;tpdhy; mUsg;glhjit@

kdpj rpe;jidapy; Njhd;wpait. cjhuzkhf rkzk;> nrhuh];lupak;> fd;gpa+rpak;

vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. vdpDk;> mit kdpj Mf;fk; vd;gjhy; FiwghL

fSld; fhzg;gl;ld. my;yh ;̀tpdhy; mUsg;gl;l Ntjq;fs; $l w]_y;khu;fspd;

kuzj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; kdpj nry;thf;Ff;Fl;gl;L jpupGgLj;jg;gl;ld. fpof;fpNyh>

Nkw;fpNyh t`p %yk; mUsg;gl;l Ntjq;fs; rpijTw;w epiyapy; xU rpy

fUj;Jf;fNshLk; rk;gpujhaq;fNshLk; ntWk; rlq;FfshfNt ,Ue;J te;jd.

l mNjNeuj;jpy; mUsg;gl;l Ntjq;fisg; nghWj;jtiu mit Njrpa

Ntjq;fshfNt ,Ue;jd. cNuhkg; NguuR Njhd;wp tsu;tjw;F Kd;du; ehLfs;

midj;Jk; gpupe;jpUe;jd. fly;> kiy> NguhW> fhL> ghiytdk; Nghd;wtw;iwj;

jhz;lf; $ba rhjdq;fs; fhzg;glhikahy; my;yJ mtw;Wf;fhd mwpT

fpl;lhikahy; Njrq;fs; jdpj;jdpahfg; gpupe;jpUe;jd. nkhop> fyhrhuk;> tho;f;if


Kiw Nghd;wd NtWgl;bUe;jd. ,jdhy;jhd; rkfhyj;jpy; gy egpkhu;fs;

gzpahw;wpapUg;gijf; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,g;wh`pk; (miy)> Y}j; (miy) Mfpa

,UtUk; rkfhyj;jpy; ntt;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;jdu;. <]h (miy)>

a`;ah (miy)> \k;Cd; (miy) Mfpa %tUk; rkfhyj;jpy; tho;e;Js;sdu;.

l cNuhkg; NguuR tpuptile;jNghJ> murpay;> ,uhZt> tzpf Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf

ghijfs; ntl;lg;gl;ld. ghyq;fs; fl;lg;gl;ld. ,jdhy; FWfpa vy;iyf;Fs;

milgl;bUe;j r%fq;fs; xd;Wlndhd;W njhlu;Gnfhz;ld. xUtu; nkhopia

kw;nwhUtu; mwpAk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk;> xU gFjpahupd; tho;f;if Kiwia

kWgFjpahu; njupe;Jnfhs;Sk; tha;g;Gf;fSk; Vw;gl;ld. ,it ehLfSf;fpil

apyhd xU ru;tNjr egpapd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F fl;bak; $wpd. vdNtjhd; egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; kdpj rKjhak; KOtjw;Fkhd egpahf (7:158)Tk; ,Wjp

egpahfTk; (33:40) mDg;gg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fSf;F Gu;fhd; vDk; ngaupyhd

Ntjk; mUsg;gl;lJ. mjd; jPd;> Kd;ida Ntjq;fisj; jOtpajhf> \uPmj;

fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

l xU KOikahd jPid toq;Ftjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ,lkhf mwG ehL

mike;jJ. md;W mwpag;gl;l cyfpd; kj;jpapy; mike;jik> cNuhk ghurPf

NguuRfspd; Mjpf;fj;Jf;Fl;glhky; -gpw fyhrhuq;fspypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;bUe;

jik> mwgpfsplk; fhzg;gl;l Rje;jpu Ntl;if> vspik> tPuk;> thf;FkPwhik>

tpUe;Njhk;gy;> nkhopg;gw;W Nghd;w gz;Gfs; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F rhjfkhf

mike;jik> kf;fSf;F ePz;lfhykhf mwpKfkhfpapUe;j f/gh mike;jpUe;jik>

,];yhk; nrhy;y tpUk;Gk; fUj;ij Kd;itf;ff; $ba tsk; nghUe;jpa

nkhopahf mwGnkhop ,Ue;jik> mk;nkhop kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;L mjid

tsu;f;Fk;> fhf;Fk; gz;NghL mwgpfs; ,Ue;jik Nghd;wd ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhf

,Ue;jpUf;f KbAk;.

l ,];yhj;jpd; rka> r%f> murpay; tsu;r;rpia ehk; %d;W fl;lq;fshfg;

gpupj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

1. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)

2. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (10 tUlk;)

3. Fyghcu; uh\pjPd;fspd; fhyfl;lk; (30 tUlk;)

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;iff; fl;lk; (13 tUlk;)

rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: ,q;F ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilg; Nghjidfs; gw;wpa tplaq;fs;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; egpahf mku;j;jg;gl;lNghJ> my;yh ;̀tpd;

J}ij kf;fSf;F vLj;J itf;f Ntz;ba nghWg;G mtu;fisr; rhu;e;jJ.

mjid egp (]y;) mtu;fs; %d;W Kiwfspy; vLj;J itj;jhu;fs;.

i) cwtpdu;fis tpUe;Jf;fioj;J ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jy;

ii) ]ghf; Fd;wpy; Vwp> mjd; mbthuj;jpy; nghJkf;fis xd;W $l;b jkJ

EGt;tj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.

iii) jdpegu;fis re;jpj;J ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jy;.

,t;twpKfj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilfSs; %d;Wf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtkspj;jhu;fs;.


1. jt;̀ Pj;: my;yh ;̀ xUtidj; jtpu NtW flTsu; ,y;iy. ,izitg;G -

\pu;f; fz;bg;ghf xopf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2. up]hyj;: egp (]y;) mtu;fs; my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; vd;gij vLj;Jf; $wy;.

mtu;fSf;F t`p %yk; mwpT+l;lg;gLfpwJ vd;gij vLj;Jiuj;jy;.

mtu;fisg; gpd;gw;WkhW Nfhuy;.

3. kMj;: kWik xd;W cz;L. mJ ,k;ikapd; nraw;ghLfSf;F ntFkjpAk;

jz;lidAk; toq;fg;gLfpd;w ,lkhFk;. ntFkjp Rtu;f;fj;jpd; %yKk;

jz;lid eufj;jpd; %yKk; tprhuizfspd; gpd;du; toq;fg;gLk;.

l ,k;%d;W mbg;gilf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fisj; jpul;Ltjpy;

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jPtpu ftdk; nrYj;jpdhu;fs;. vdNt> mtu;fs; ifahz;l

KjypU topKiwfisAk; jtpu;j;J %d;whtJ topKiwahd jdpegu;fisr;

re;jpj;J j/th nra;tjpy; mjpf Neuj;ijr; nrytpl;lhu;fs;. gy Rje;jpu

GU\u;fisAk; mbikfisAk; mtu;fSld; ,izj;jhu;fs;. ,];yhj;jpd;

Njhw;wj;Jf;F Kd;du; `dPgpa rpe;jidapy; ek;gp;f;if nfhz;ltu;fis egp

(]y;) mtu;fspd; Nghjid ftu;e;jJ. r%fj;jpy; ey;ytu;fshff; fzpf;fg;gl;ltu;

fs;> cau; FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;jtu;fs; ,];yhj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;lik

ngUk; gykhf mike;jJ. gyu; Kd;ida Ntjq;fspy; njuptpf;fg;gl;l Kd;dwp

tpg;Gf;fs;> fdTfs;> mruPup %ykhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;> my;Fu;Mdpd; nkhop

uPjpahd mw;Gjk;> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; ew;gz;Gfs;> Fiw\pfspd; vjpu;g;gpurhuk;

Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fk; Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; ,];yhj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ldu;.

l ,tu;fs; ]gh kiyabthuj;jpd; xJf;Fg; Gwkhf ,Ue;j ~jhUy; mu;fk;| vd;w

tPl;by; Md;kPfg; gapw;rpf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; ePz;l ,uh tzf;fq;

fspy; <Lgl;lhu;fs;. (]_wh K];]k;kpy;). #oy; jhf;fj;jhy; mtu;fsplk; fhzg;

gl;l [h`pypa;ahf; fhy Ju;g;gof;fq;fs; ePf;fg;gl;ld. ew;gz;Gfs; nkU$l;lg;

gl;ld. ,];yhj;Jf;fhfj; jk;ik mu;g;gzpf;Fk; kdg;ghq;F tsu;f;fg;gl;lJ.

%d;whz;Lfs; ,ufrpag; gpurhuj;jpyPLgl;l egpatu;fs; gpd;du; gfpuq;fg; gpurhuj;jpy;

,wq;fpdhu;fs;. ,jdhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fSk;> mtu;fis egpahf Vw;Wf;

nfhz;ltu;fSk; Fiw\pfspd; fLikahd vjpu;g;Gf;F cs;shdhu;fs;.

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l mbikfs; Kjypy; rpj;jputij nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;.

njhlu;e;J Rje;jpu GU\u;fSk; nfhLikf;Fs;shdhu;fs;. Rikah (uop)> Yghdh

(uop)> c];khd; (uop)> K];mg; (uop) `{igg; (uop)> `g;ghg; (uop) Nghd;w gyu;

fLikahfj; jhf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. rpyu; nfhiyf;Fk; cs;shdhu;fs;. ,jdhy;

egpatu;fspd; cj;juTf;fpzq;f rpyu; `g\hTf;F `p[;uj; nrd;whu;fs;.

l kWgf;fkhf> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; gpurhuj;ijj; jLf;fntz;zp ftpQd;>

Fwpfhud;> kdNehahsp vd gpurhuk; nra;jdu;. mtu;fs; kPJ nghbf; fw;fis

vwpe;jdu;. mtu;fs; elkhLk; tPjpfspy; Kl;fisg; gug;gpdu;. rPiyahy; fOj;jpy;

RUf;fpl;ldu;. ]{[_jpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mOfpa Fliy fOj;jpy; khl;bdu;.

Fg;igfis Nkdpapw; nfhl;bdu;. rpyNghJ mbf;fTk; nra;jdu;. nfhiy

nra;aTk; Kaw;rpj;jdu;. ,tw;wpnyy;yhk; Njhy;tpfz;lNghJ mg+jhypgplk;

Kiwapl;ldu;. gpurhuj;ij epWj;JkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ldu;. Kbahnjdpd;

egpatu;fisj; jk;kplk; xg;gilf;FkhW tpz;zg;gpj;jdu;. egpatu;fSldhd

njhlu;ig Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;SkhW vr;rupj;jdu;. ,e;j vJTk; epfohjNghJ>

egpatu;fisj; jdpikahfr; re;jpj;jdu;. nghd; Ntz;Lkh> ngz; Ntz;Lkh>

kz; Ntz;Lkh (muR)> kUj;Jtk;jhd; Ntz;Lkh midj;ijAk; jUfpNwhk;.

cq;fs; gpurhuj;ij epWj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd tpz;zg;gpj;jhu;fs;. egpatu;fs;


vjw;Fk; mire;J nfhLf;ftpy;iy. vdNt mtu;fSldhd njhlu;igj; Jz;bg;

gjw;fhf r%fg; gfp\;fupg;Gf;F cs;shf;fpdhu;fs;.

l egpatu;fSlDk; gD} `h\pk;> gD} Kj;jypg; Nfhj;jpuq;fSlDk; vtUk;

ve;jj; njhlu;Gk; itj;Jf; nfhs;sf; $lhnjd gpufldk; vOjp f/ghtpy;

njhq;ftpl;ldu;. %d;whz;L fhyk; mtu;fs; Nghjpa ePNuh> czNth> Vida

trjpfNsh ,d;wpr; rpukg;gl;lhu;fs;. ,jidr; rfpf;f Kbahj rpy thypgu;fs;

gpufldj;ijf; fpopj;njwpe;jhu;fs;. mjw;Fg; gpd;dNu milgl;bUe;j \p/G mg+jhypg;

vd;w gs;sj;jhf;fpypUe;J ntspNawpdhu;fs;. ,J epfo;e;J rpy thuq;fspy;

mg+ jhypGk;> rpy khjq;fspy; fjP[h (uop) mtu;fSk; tghj;jhdhu;fs;.

l ,jdhy; nfhLikfs; mjpfupf;f Muk;gpj;jd. vdNt kw;nwhU fsj;ij (jhapg;)

Nehf;fp egpatu;fs; ̀ p[;uj; nrd;whu;fs;. vdpDk; mq;F tuNtw;Gf;Fg; gjpyhf

Vr;Rg; Ngr;Rf;fSk; fy;yb jbabfSNk fpilj;jd. vdNt> kPz;Lk; kf;fhTf;Fj;

jpUk;gpdhu;fs;. Kj;,k; gpd; mjP vd;gtupd; ghJfhg;gpy; jq;fpdhu;fs;.

l ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd ,uz;L epo;r;rpfs; ,lk;ngW

fpd;wd. xd;W egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; K];ypk;fSk; kjPdhtpy; FbNaWtjw;fhd

thapy; jpwf;fg;gl;lik. mLj;jJ> ftiyAw;wpUe;j egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F

MWjyspg;gjhfTk;> ,];yhj;jpd; mLj;j fl;l tsu;r;rpf;fhd mwpT ngWk;

topahfTk; mike;j my; ,];uh-ty; kp/uh[; ,lk;ngw;wik.

l vdpDk; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; rpwe;j MSikAila jdpegu;fis egpatu;fs;

cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; vd;w fl;llj;jpd; mj;jpthuj;jpyplf; $ba ituQ;

nrwpe;j fw;fshf mtu;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhu;fs;. ve;jr; rilTkpd;wp

,];yhj;Jf;fhf filrptiu ciof;ff; $ba ngUkf;fshf me;j ]`hghf;fs;

gzpahw;wpdhu;fs;.

l GM]; Aj;jj;jpy; Njhy;tpaile;j f];u[;fs;> Nghu; epWj;jk; nra;ag;gl;l

,ilf;fhyj;jpy; -Gdpj khjj;jpy; Fiw\pfspd; Mjuitg; ngw kf;fh te;jdu;.

mt;Ntis vjpu;ghuhj Kiwapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fisr; re;jpj;jdu;. egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; me;j kf;fsplk; ,];yhj;jpd; J}ij vLj;NjhjpaNghJ mtu;fs;

,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;ldu;. Vw;fdNt ,Wjpj; J}ju; gw;wp a+ju;fs; %yk;

mwpe;jpUe;j mtu;fs;> a+ju;fs; mtiu Vw;FKd; jhk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ rhjfkhdJ

vd;gij czu;e;J nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fs; kjPdh nrd;W Gjpa egpiag; gw;wp

mwptpj;jdu;. ,ijf; Nfs;tpAw;w gd;dpUtu; mLj;j ahj;jpiuf; fhyj;jpy;

kf;fhit mile;jdu;. mfgh vd;w ,lj;jpy; egpatu;fisr; re;jpj;J ,];yhj;ij

Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldu;. egpatu;fsplk; Xu; cWjpnkhopiaAk; mspj;jdu;. ,J

KjyhtJ mfgh cWjpnkhop vdg;gLfpwJ.

l ,tu;fs; kjPdh kPz;lNghJ> mq;F ,];yhkpa j/thit vj;jpitg;gjw;fhf

K];mg; ,g;D ciku; (uop) mtu;fs; mDg;gg;gl;lhu;fs;. ,J xU Gjpa j/th

cj;jpahFk;. mtu;fs; kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j gpuKfu;fisr; re;jpj;jhu;fs;. ,];yhj;

ijg; Nghjpj;jhu;fs;. rpyu; mjid Vw;wdu;. NtW rpyu; vjpu;j;jdu;. vdpDk;

njhluhd mtuJ Kaw;rp kjPdhtpy; ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjpy; ntw;wp

fz;lJ. mLj;j ahj;jpiuf; fhyj;jpy; mtu; Rkhu; 73 NgUld; kf;fh te;jhu;.

egp (]y;) mtu;fis kjPdhTf;F mioj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lnkd;gJ kjPdh

kf;fspd; Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. mtu;fSk; mfghtpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fis

,uT Neuj;jpy; re;jpj;jhu;fs;. ,uz;lhtJ mfgh cWjp nkhopia toq;fpdhu;fs;.

l jkJ capiuf; nfhLj;NjDk; egp (]y;) mtu;fisg; ghJfhg;gjhf mtu;fs;


cWjpaspj;jhu;fs;. my;yh ;̀tpd; cj;juT tUk;tiu jhkjpf;FkhWk;> K];ypk;

fis mq;F mDg;gp itg;gjhfTk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; me;j kf;fSf;Fg;

gjpyspj;jhu;fs;. mtu;fspy; 12 Ngu; efPg;fshfj; Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. ,jd;

gpd;du; Fiw\paUf;Fj; njupahky; ,ufrpakhf rpW rpW FOf;fshf kjPdh

nrd;wdu;. mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fis khj;jpuk; egpatu;fs; epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.

,ijawpe;j Fiw\pau; egpatu;fSk; kjPdh nrd;W tplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf

egp (]y;) mtu;fisf; nfhiy nra;aj; jPu;khdpj;jdu;.

l ,utpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tPl;il Kw;Wifapl;ldu;. my;yh`; egp (]y;)

mtu;fis ntspNaWkhW mwptpj;jhd;. vjpupfs; mwpahjthW tPl;bypUe;J

ntspNawp mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fspd; tPl;ilaile;jhu;fs;. mq;fpUe;J njw;Fg;

gf;fkhfg; gazk; nra;J tpbtjw;Fs; njsu; Fifapy; jq;fpdhu;fs;. %d;W

ehl;fs; mq;F jq;fpapUe;jNghJ mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fspd; FLk;gj;jpdu;. gy

topfspYk; cjtpdu;.

l kWgf;fkhf Fiw\pau; tPjp topNa Njbaiye;jdu;. njsu; gf;fkhf mtu;fs;

te;jNghJ mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fs; ehk; ,Utu; jhk; ,Uf;fpNwhk; vdg; gae;jhu;fs;.

~gag;glhjPu;fs; my;yh`;Tk; vk;Kld; cs;shd;| vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

ijupa%l;bdhu;fs;. my;yh`; xU rpye;jpiaf; nfhz;Lk; ,U Gwhf;fisf;

nfhz;Lk; mtu;fisg; ghJfhj;jhd;. gpd;du; khw;W topg; ghijapy; ,UtUk;

kjPdhit mile;jdu;. kjPdh nrd;w egpatu;fisAk; mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fisAk;

kjPdh kf;fs; kfpo;r;rpNahL tuNtw;whu;fs;. ,e;jg; gazNk ̀ p[;uj; vdg;gLfpwJ.

,J xU jPBu; epfo;td;W@ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jpl;lkpl;Lr; nrd;w xU gazkhFk;.

r%f tsu;r;rpr%f tsu;r;rpr%f tsu;r;rpr%f tsu;r;rpr%f tsu;r;rp

l ,];yhk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lNghJ egp (]y;) mtu;fNshL fjP[h (uop)> mg+gf;u;

(uop)> myp (uop)> i]j; (uop) Mfpa ehy;tUk; ,];yhj;ij Vw;wdu;. njhlu;e;;J

mg+gf;u; (uop) mtu;fspd; Kaw;rpahy; mtuJ ez;gu;fs; gyu; ,];yhj;ij

Vw;wdu;. Ie;J Mz;Lfspd; gpd;du;jhd; 40 Ngu;fshf mtu;fs; mjpfupj;jdu;.

,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; jhd; `k;]h (uop) mtu;fSk;> cku; (uop) mtu;fSk;

,];yhj;ij Vw;wdu;. mJtiu ,ufrpakhf f/gh nrd;W te;j K];ypk;fs;

gfpuq;fkhfr; nry;Yk; epiy Vw;gl;lJ. gbg;gbahf ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;Nthu;

njhif mjpfupj;jhYk; xU r%fk; vd;W $wj;jf;f msT kf;fs; njhif

mjpfupf;f tpy;iy.

l r%fk; vDk;NghJ nghJthf kf;fs; njhifia kl;LNk fUjpdhYk; xU

r%fk; cUthtjw;F ehd;F tplaq;fs; Njit.

1. kf;fs;>

2. kf;fis xd;wpizf;ff; $ba nghJ mk;rk;. mJ nkhopahfNth ,dkhfNth

rkakhfNth nfhs;ifahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.

3. me;j kf;fis topelj;Jk; jiyikj;Jtk;

4. me;j kf;fs; Rje;jpukhf thof; $ba g+kp my;yJ gpuNjrk;.

,tw;Ws; Kjy; %d;Wk; XusthfNtDk; fhzg;gl;ld. Mdhy; ehd;fhtJ

mk;rk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt kf;fhtpy; xU r%fk; ,Ue;jjhfj; jpl;lkhff;

$w KbahJ. ,jdhy;jhd; ,f;fhyfl;lj;jpy; jdpegu;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jpdhu;fs; NghYk;.

l mJ ,];yhj;jpd; Muk;gf; fl;lkhf ,Ue;jikahy; ,];yhj;jpd; Nghjidfs;


mjhtJ my;Fu;Mdpd; trdq;fs; kdpju;fNs vd tpspj;Jg; NgRtdthf

,Ue;jd. <khd; njhlu;ghd tplaq;fis tuyhw;Wf;$lhf Kd;itj;jd.

K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikapduhf -gykw;wtu;fshf- Fiw\pfspd; nfhLikfSf;F

cl;gl;ltu;fshf tho;e;jdu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; nfhLj;j Md;kPfg; gapw;rp -

j];fpaJe; eg;];- mtu;fisg; gz;gLj;jpapUe;jikahy; ~rpWghd;ik| vd;w

mr;rk; mtu;fisg; ghjpf;ftpy;iy.

l ,jw;F kw;nwhU fhuzk;> K];ypk;fSk; fhgpu;fSk; xNu ,dj;jtu;fshf -

mwgpfshf ,Ue;jikAk;> fpl;ba -J}uj;J cwTfshf my;yJ xNu Nfhj;jpuj;ijr;

rhu;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jikAk; MFk; vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. $l;lhfr; nraw;gLtjw;fhd

kf;fs; njhif> ghJfhg;G> mjpfhuk; Nghd;wd fhzg;glhikahy;jhd;> ,f;fhy

fl;lj;jpy; $l;L tzf;fq;fs; flikahf;fg;gltpy;iy vdf; nfhs;syhk;. ,f;fhy

fl;lj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; njhOjhu;fs;. ]jfhf;fis toq;fpdhu;fs;. ]{d;dj;jhd

Nehd;Gfis Nehw;whu;fs;. my;Fu;Md; trdq;fis kddkpl;lhu;fs;@ Xjpdhu;fs;.

]{d;dhitg; gpd;gw;wpdhu;fs;. vdpDk;> kjPdhTf;Fr; nry;Yk; tiu ,it

gu;shf;fg;glTkpy;iy@ $l;lhf epiwNtw;Wk;gb fl;lisaplg;glTkpy;iy.

egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk;egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lk;

l rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: rka tsu;r;rp: kf;fh fhyfl;lj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jdpahf epd;W

,];yhj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;jhu;fs;. Mdhy;> kjPdh fl;lj;ij Muk;gpf;Fk;NghJ

kjPdhtpy; ,];yhk; gw;wpa mwpKfk; kjPdh kf;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;jJ.

l kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j a+ju;fs; %yk; kjPdh kf;fs; ,Wjpj; J}ju; gw;wpa nra;jpia

mwpe;jpUe;jhu;fs;. EGt;tj; 10 ,y; egp (]y;) mtu;fisr; re;jpj;j mWtu;

%yKk; EGt;tj; 11 ,y; egp (]y;) mtu;fisr; re;jpj;j gd;dpUtu; %yKk;

Fwpg;ghf EGt;tj; 11 ,y; kjPdhTf;F te;j K];mg; ,g;D cikupd; %yKk;

,];yhk; gw;wpa mwpT kjPdh kf;fSf;Ff; fpilj;jpUe;jJ. Mjyhy;> kf;fhtpy;

,];yhj;ijg; gpurhuk; nra;tjw;fhd mzpia> %d;W tUl ,ufrpa gpurhuk;

%yk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jpul;baJ Nghd;w Kaw;rp> kjPdhtpy; Njitg;gltpy;iy.

vdNtjhd; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdh te;jNghJ fz;zpaj;Jld; tuNtw;fg;gl;lhu;

fs;@ xt;nthUtUk; jkJ tPl;by; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jq;f Ntz;Lnkd

Mirg;gl;lhu;fs;.

l kf;fhtpy; jhUy; mu;fk; Nghy kjPdhtpYk; Xu; ,y;yk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;w

NjitapUf;ftpy;iy. kjPdhTf;Fs; Eioa Kd;Ng Fghtpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

xU k];[pij epWtpdhu;fs;. [khmj; njhOif tpjpahf;fg;gl;lik ,jw;Ff;

fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. FghTf;Fk; kjPdhTf;Fk; ,ilapy; gazpj;jNghJ

[{k;Mj; njhOif epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ. kjPdhTf;Fs; Eioe;jNghJ fl;lg;gl;l

k];[pNj> k];[pJe; egtp vdg;gl;lJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F EioAKd;

mJ a];upg; vd;w ngauhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ. egpatu;fs; Fbngau;e;j gpd;du;

kjPdJe; egp vdg;gl;L gpd;du; kjPdh vdr; RUq;fpaJ.

l kf;fhtpy; xU k];[pijf; fl;lhj egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhtpy; Vd; xU

k];[pijf; fl;l Ntz;Lk; kf;fhtpy; f/gJy;yh`; mike;jpUe;jjhy; mq;F

k];[pjpd; Njit Vw;gltpy;iyahapDk; kjPdhtpy; [khmj; njhOifia

epiwNtw;Wtjw;F xU nghJ ,lk; Njitg;gl;lJ.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; k];[pJe; egtpiaf; $l;Lj; njhOiff;fhd ,lkhf


kl;Lk; elj;jtpy;iy. mjid xU r%f ikakhfTk; ,af;fpdhu;fs;. kf;fhtpy;

,];yhk; jdpegu; khu;f;fkhf ,Ue;J kjPdhtpy; xU r%f khu;f;fkhf tpuptile;jJ

vd;w fUj;J ,jpypUe;J gpwe;jpUf;fpwJ vdyhk;.

l k];[pJd; egtp r%fj;jpd; gy;NtW Njitfis eptu;j;jpj;jJ. kf;fis

xd;W$l;baJ@ kf;fspd; Njitfisf; fz;lwpe;J epiwNtw;wpaJ@ fy;tpiag;

Nghjpj;jJ@ MNyhridfis elj;jpaJ@ epjp> ePjpj; Njitfis eptu;j;jpj;jJ@

r%fj;jpd; ghJfhg;Gj; Njitia epiwNtw;wpaJ. ,g;gbnay;yhk; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ

,];yhk; Md;kPf khu;f;fk; vd;w epiyapypUe;J cyfpaYk; ,ize;j khu;f;fk;

vd;gJ njspthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhk; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;NjhL Kw;Wg; ngWtjy;y@ mJ kWiktiu

cyfpy; epiyepw;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW epw;f Ntz;Lkhdhy; mJ jdpegu;

khu;f;fkhftd;wp r%f khu;;f;fkhf ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;fhd mbj;jskhfNt

[khmj;> [{k;Mj; njhOiffs;> xNu khjj;jpy; vy;yh K];ypk;fSk; Nehd;G

Nehw;wy;> $l;lhf ]fhj; nfhLj;jy;> `[;i[ epiwNtw;wy; Nghd;wd gu;S

fshfTk; $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfshfTk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd vdyhk;.

l kf;fh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; $wg;gl;lij tpl tpupthd mikg;gpy; xOf;fq;fs;

gw;wpa Nghjidfs; kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; ,lk;ngw;wd. ]_wJy;

`{[;uhj;jpy; ,jidf; fhzyhk;. ,];yhk; jdpegu; khu;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

xOf;f tpjpfs; kl;Lk; NghJkhdjhf ,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk;. Mdhy; r%f khu;f;fkhf

khWk;NghJ rl;lq;fs; Njitg;gl;ld. vdNtjhd; my;Fu;Mdpd; kjdP Maj;Jf;fs;

rl;lq;fs; gw;wpa tpsf;fq;fisj; je;jd. `yhy;-ùhk; gw;wpa njspit

Vw;gLj;jpd.

l Vw;fdNt ,];yhk; ru;tNjr khu;f;fk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. me;j ru;tNjrj;

jd;ikia ep&gpf;Fk; tifapy; kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lj;jpy; gy eltbf;iffs;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. Kjypy; igj;Jy; kf;ji] Nehf;fpj; njhog;gl;lJ. gpd;du;

f/ghit Kd;Ndhf;fpj; njhOkhW Vtg;gl;lJ. kf;fhtpy; tho;gtUk; rup>

cyfpy; Ntnwq;F tho;gtu;fSk; rup kf;fhtpypUf;Fk; f/ghtpd; jpiriaNa

fpg;yhthff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. njhOiff;fhd miog;G mwG nkhopapNyNa

mika Ntz;Lk;. njhOifapd; nkhopahf mwG nkhop ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

njhOk; KiwAk; ve;j ,lj;jpy; ve;jf; fhyj;jpy; tho;gtu;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;

xNu Kiwapy; mika Ntz;Lk;. njhOiff;fhf vOg;gg;gLk; k];[pJfSk;

mbg;gilapy; xNu mikg;igf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd ru;tNjrj;

jd;ik kjPdh tho;f;iff; fl;lj;jpNyNa mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vdNtjhd;

`[; flikAk; xNu ,lj;jpy; xNu ehl;fspy; xNu mikg;gpy; ,lk;ngWtjw;fhd

topfs; `[;[Jy; tpjh %yk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;ld.

l ,t;thwhd eilKiwfis my;Fu;Md; re;ju;g;g #o;epiyf;Nfw;g vLj;Jf;

fhl;baJ. my;Fu;Mdpy; RUf;fkhf my;yJ g+lfkhf my;yJ nfhs;ifahf

Kd;itf;fg;gl;ltw;iw egp (]y;) mtu;fs; tpupthf> ntspg;gilahf>

eilKiwahf ]{d;dh %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. Gjpa gpur;rpidfs;

Njhd;Wk;NghJk;> gioa kuGfs; xopf;fg;gLk;NghJk; Njitahd njspTfis

my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpNyNa mjpfkhf toq;fpd.

l ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyfl;lj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Neubahf j/th


nra;jhu;fs;. rpyNghJ ]`hghf;fSk; ,jidr; nra;jhu;fs;. ,it ngUk;ghYk;

tha;nkhopahf ,lk;ngw;wd. nrtp topahff; Nfl;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy; kjPdh

tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; epUgq;fs; %ykhf ,];yhj;ijg;

gpurhuk; nra;jhu;fs;. jdpegu;fisAk; Nfhj;jpuj; jiytu;fisAk; mZFk;

Kiw Fiwe;J rpw;wuru;fisAk; Nguuru;fisAk; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; miof;Fk;

tof;fk; kjPdh fl;lj;jpy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. cNuhk> ghurPf Nguuru;fSk;>

e[;[h\p Knfsf]; Kjyhd rpw;wuru;fSk; epUgq;fs; %ykhfTk; mtw;iwf;

nfhz;L nrd;w J}ju;fs; %ykhfTk; ,];yhj;jpd; gf;fk; miof;fg;gl;lhu;fs;

l r%f tsu;r;rp: r%f tsu;r;rp: r%f tsu;r;rp: r%f tsu;r;rp: r%f tsu;r;rp: Vw;fdNt Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghd;W r%f cUthf;fj;Jf;fhd fsk;

egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F `p[;uj;jpd; gpd;dNu fpilj;jJ. mjdhy;jhd; `p[;uj;

te;jjd; gpd;du; kjPdhtpy; vj;jid K];ypk;fs; ,Uf;fpwhu;fs; vd mtu;fs;

fzf;nfLg;nghd;iw elj;jpdhu;fs;. kf;fhtpy; rpWghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;jtu;fs;

kjPdhtpy; gbg;gbahf ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf khwpdhu;fs;. kf;fhtpy; ngUk;ghYk;

mwgp K];ypk;fs; kl;Lk; ,Ue;jdu;. mwgpay;yhNjhu; kpfr; rpW njhifapdNu.

kjPdhitg; nghWj;jtiu a+ju;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ,tu;fs; ,dj;jhy; kl;Lkd;wp

rkaj;jhYk; NtWgl;bUe;jhu;fs;. kf;fhtpy; K];ypk;fspd; vjpupfshf Fiw\pfs;

kl;LNk ,Ue;jdu;. kjPdh fhy fl;lj;jpy; kf;fhtpypUe;j Fiw\pfspd; vjpu;g;Gk;

,Ue;jJ. a+ju;fspd; vjpu;g;Gk; ,Ue;jJ. Gjpjhf cUthd Kdhgpf;fspd; vjpu;g;Gk;

kiwKfkhf ,Ue;jJ. kf;fhitg; Nghd;Nw kjPdhtpYk; Nfhj;jpu mikg;gpyhd

r%fNk ,Ue;jJ. mJ mwgpfspy; kl;Lkd;wp a+ju;fspYk; fhzg;gl;lJ.

l Mdhy;> kjPdhtpy; ,];yhk; cUthf;fpa r%fk; Nfhj;jpu mikg;gpyhd

r%fkhftd;wp nfhs;if mbg;gilapyhd r%fkhf khwpaJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md;

(49:13) vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. vdNtjhd; K];ypk;fs; midtUk; rNfhjuu;fs;

vd my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. K];ypk; r%fj;ij egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; Xu; clk;gpd; cWg;Gf;fSf;Fk; xU fl;llj;jpd; fw;fSf;Fk;

ctkpj;Jf; $wpapUf;fpwhu;fs;. ,it r%f cWg;gpdu;fspd; If;fpak;> xUikg;ghL>

gu];gu xj;Jiog;G> cgfhuk;> ghJfhg;G Nghd;wtw;iw typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

l ,tw;iw cUthf;Fk; my;yJ tpUj;jp nra;Ak; gzpfisNa k];[pJe; egtp

nra;jJ. mjhd; xyp Nfl;L k];[pJf;F tUtJ K];ypk;fs; ahtUk; xU

FuYf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLk; gz;ig tsu;;j;jJ. [khmj; njhOif kf;fs; kj;jpapy;

fhzg;gLk; Vw;wj;jho;Tfis mfw;wpaJ. [khmj;Jf;fhf ,khikj; njupT

nra;tJ> r%fj;Jf;Fj; jiytiuj; njupTnra;Ak; Kiwapidf; fhl;bf;

nfhLj;jJ. ,khKf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L njhOifapy; ,aq;FtJ jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;

Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L r%fk; ,aq;Ftjw;fhd gapw;rpiaf; nfhLj;jJ.

l k];[pj; Md;kPf nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd (njhOif> jpyhtJy; Fu;Md;> ,/jpfhg;)

,lkhf kl;Lkd;wp cyfpay; nraw;ghl;Lf;fhd ikakhfTk; ,aq;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijNa k];[pJe; egtpapd; nraw;ghLfs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. mJ

fy;tpg; gPlkhf> MNyhrid kz;lgkhf> epjp epWtdkhf> ePjpkd;wkhf>

kUj;Jtkidahf> ,uhZt Kfhkhf> mjpjpfs; tuNtw;gplkhf> nghJ itgt

$lkhf ,aq;fpaik ,jidj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,q;Fjhd; ,];yhk;

Md;kPfj;ij kl;Lk; Nghjpf;Fk; rkakhftd;wp> tho;f;if KOtjw;Fkhd

topfhl;ly;fisf; nfhz;l tho;f;if Kiw vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;baJ.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; cUthf;fpa me;j ]`hghr; r%fk; Xu; mwgpr; r%fkhf

- ,duPjpahd r%fkhf ,aq;ftpy;iy. khwhf xU ru;tNjr r%fkhfg;

gpufhrpj;jJ. mq;F [/gu; vd;w mwgpapUe;jhu;. ]y;khd; vd;w ghu;]p ,Ue;jhu;.


mg+ju; vd;w fpghup ,Ue;jhu;. gpyhy; vd;w `g\p ,Ue;jhu;. Jigy; vd;w

akdp ,Ue;jhu;. ,tu;fs; midtUk; gpuNjrj;jhy; NtWgl;ltu;fs;. Mdhy;

nfhs;ifahy; xd;W gl;ltu;fs;. MfNt me;jr;r%fj;jpy; ,d> nkhop> gpuNjr>

epw NtWghLfs; Nehf;fg;gltpy;iy.

l ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhyfl;lj;jpy; kf;fhtpy; 17 egu;fSk;> kjPdhtpy; 9

egu;fSNk vOj thrpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fshf ,Ue;jdu;. kf;fh fhyfl;lj;jpy;

Fj;jhGy; t`pfshf kpfr; rpyNu ,Ue;jdu;. Mdhy; kjPdh fhyfl;lj;jpy;

vOj;jwpT mjpfupj;jJ. gj;Uf; ifjpfs; %yk; kjPdhtpy; tho;fpd;w rpWtu;fSf;F

vOj> thrpf;fg; gapw;Wtpj;J egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;ba Kd;khjpup ,jw;F

Muk;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. gj;U Aj;jj;Jf;Fj; jahuhf te;j i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj;

(uop) mtu;fis> mtu; rpWtu; vd;gjhy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jpUg;gpaDg;gpdhu;fs;.

,Nj i]j; (uop) mtu;fs; gj;Uf; ifjp xUtuplk; vOj thrpf;ff; fw;Wf;

nfhz;lhu;. gpd;du; fhjpGy; t`pahf cau;e;j mtu;fs;> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd;

Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; Ru;ahzp> mgwhdp nkhopfisf;

fw;W ntspehl;Lf; fbjq;fis egpatu;fSf;F thrpj;Jf; fhl;Lgtuhf khwpdhu;.

vdNtjhd; ,t;thW vOj thrpf;ff; fw;Wf; nfhz;ltu;fSk; Vw;fdNt vOj

thrpf;fj; njupe;jtu;fSk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; ] P̀ghf;fs; vdg;gLk; ifnaOj;NjLfis

tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shu;fs;. ,it ̀ jP];> tuyhW Nghd;w JiwfSf;F Kd;khjpup

fshf mike;jd.

murpay; tsu;r;rp:murpay; tsu;r;rp:murpay; tsu;r;rp:murpay; tsu;r;rp:murpay; tsu;r;rp:

l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; ̀ p[;uj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dNu ,];yhj;jpd; murpay; cUthdJ

vdyhk;. Vw;fdNt xU r%fk; cUthfp ,aq;Ftjw;F ehd;F mk;rq;fs;

Njit vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Nlhk;. ,e;j ehd;NfhL xU r%fk; jd;idf; fhj;Jf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf Xu; murhq;fj;ijAk; mikj;Jf; nfhs;tJ mtrpak; vd;gij

egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; rPwh vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ~my;Fu;Mdpdhy; jhdhfr;

nraw;gLj;j Kbahjij murhq;fj;jhy; epiyehl;l KbAk;| vd c];khd;

(uop) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLthu;fs;. Vnddpy; my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLk; rl;lq;fis

eilKiwg;gLj;J tjw;Fk; Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;Fk; murhq;fnkhd;W Njit.

l kjPdhTf;F ̀ p[;uj; nrd;w egp (]y;) mtu;fs; xU r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gpa

mNjNeuj;jpy; Xu; murhq;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. kjPdhTf;F egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; te;jNghJ kf;fhtpypUe;J ̀ p[;uj; te;j K`h[puPd;fs; ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

kjPdhtpd; RNjrpfshf xs];fSk; f];u[;fSk; K];ypk;fSk; K];ypk;

my;yhjtu;fSk; ,Ue;jhu;fs;.

l ,tu;fSs; xU gFjpapdu; egp (]y;) mtu;fis md;NghL tuNtw;wdu;. kw;nwhU

gFjpapdu; ntWg;NghL ,Ue;jdu;. kw;nwhUtifapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fisAk;

K`h[puPd;fisAk; tuNtw;w kf;fs; ntt;NtW Nehf;fq;fNshL tuNtw;wdu;.

md;]huPd;fs; jkJ topfhl;b vd;w tifapy; egp (]y;) mtu;fis tuNtw;wdu;.

a+ju;fNsh jk;ikg; gy];jPdpypUe;J ntspNaw;wpa fpwp];jtu;fisg; gopthq;F

tjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; xj;Jiog;ig ngWk; Nehf;fj;NjhL tuNtw;wdu;.

GM]; Aj;jk; KbTw;w gpd;du; kjPdhtpd; jiyikg; gjtpia vjpu;ghu;j;jpUe;j

tuhd mg;Jy;yh ,g;D cig> egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdh te;jjhy; jdJ

gjtp ifjtwpg; Ngha;tpl;lNj vd;w fho;g;Gzu;NthL ,Ue;jhu;. (,jdhy;jhd;

Kdhgpf;fhf ele;Jnfhz;lhu; vdTk; $Wtu;). ,e;epiyapy; kjPdhTf;F te;j

egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F mikjpahd xU r%f #oy; Njitg;gl;lJ. ,jw;fhf


gpsTgl;bUe;j xs];fisAk; f];u[;fisAk; xw;Wikg;gLj;jp itj;jhu;fs;.

kf;fhtpypUe;J te;j K`h[puPd;fisAk; kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j md;]huPd;fisAk;

rNfhjuu;fshfg; gpizj;J itj;jhu;fs;. kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j a+ju;fis

K];ypk;fNshL gpizj;J xNu Njrpakhf khw;wpdhu;fs;. ,jpy; a+ju;fNshL

nra;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l cld;gbf;if murpay; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;.

mjdhy;jhd; gpw;fhyj;jpy; mjid kjPdh rhrdk; vd toq;fpdu;. fyhepjp

`kPJy;yh`;> ~~cyfpy; Kjypy; Njhd;wpa vOj;jpyike;j murpay; ahg;G||

vd ,jidf; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

l mup];Nlhl;by; fhyk; Kjy; murpay; ahg;Gfs; gw;wpg; Ngrg;gl;lhYk; Kjd;

Kjy; vOj;jpyike;j -MSNthUk; Msg;gLNthUk; mq;fPfupj;j ,U gFjpapduJk;

flik> cupikfs; gw;wpr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;w Xu; cld;gbf;ifahf ,J

mike;Js;sJ. ,t;Tld;gbf;ifgb gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;wpd; mjw;F ,Wjpj;

jPu;g;G toq;Fk; mjpfhuk; egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,JNt a+j

r%fk; K];ypk; jiyikj;Jtj;ij mq;fPfupj;j re;ju;g;gkhFk;.

l ,t;Tld;gbf;ifia ikag;gLj;jpNa egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; murpay;

eltbf;iffs; Muk;gpj;jd. ,jd;gb kjPdh Gdpj efuhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

mq;F ,uj;jNkhl;LtJ jilnra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ K];ypk; murpd; jiyefuhf

khwpaJ. mjidj; jhf;Ftjw;fhf vtNuDk; te;jhy; K];ypk;fSk; a+ju;fSk;

Nru;e;J vjpu;j;jhf;Fjy; elj;j Ntz;Lnkd Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

l kf;fh ePz;l fhykhf xU Gdpj gpuNjrkhf ,Ue;Jk; $l mq;F epue;ju

murhq;fnkhd;W ,Uf;ftpy;iy. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; MwhtJ jiyKiw

ahd Fi] ,g;D fpyhg; vd;gtu;. kf;fhtpy; xU efuhl;rp Kiwia jhgpj;jhh;.

,Ue;jhYk; mJ ngUk;ghYk; ahj;jpiuf; fhyj;jpy; ahj;jpuPfu;fspd; eyd;fis

ftdpg;gJ> Fiw\paupd; jiyikj;Jtj;ijf; fhg;gJ vd;w tifapy;jhd;

mike;jJ. mtuhy; mikf;fg;gl;l jhUe; ej;th> egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpYk;

MNyhridf; $lkhfg; gzpahw;wpaij kWf;f KbahJ. vdpDk; Fi]apdhy;

cUthf;fg;gl;l rPu;jpUj;jq;fis Xu; Ml;rp Kiwf;fhd newpfshf Kw;whf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. Mjyhy; mwG ehl;L tuyhw;wpy; Kjd; Kjyhf Xu;

murpay; Kiwia cUthf;fpa ngUik egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;Nf cupajhFk;.

l mtu;fs; Kjypy; kjPdhtpy; xU efu muir cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. k];[pJe;

egtpia mur mYtyfkhf ,af;fpdhu;fs;. cyf tptfhuq;fs; midj;Jk;

]`hghf;fspd; MNyhridNahL jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;ld. fye;jhNyhrpj;J

jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;SkhW my;yh`;Tk; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhd;. (3:159>

42:38) ,];yhk; tpuptile;jNghJ my;yJ kjPdhtpd; vy;iy tpuptile;jNghJ

gpuNjr epUthfj;Jf;fhf eh,g;fis epakpj;jhu;fs;. fbjq;fisAk; cld;gbf;if

fisAk; vOJtjw;F fhjpg;fis mku;j;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fspy; rpyu; epue;jukhfTk;

rpyu; rkah rka Copau;fshfTk; gzpGupe;jdu;. Rkhu; 46 fhjpg;fs; 246 Mt

zq;fis vOjpAs;sjhff; fzpg;Gf;fs; $Wfpd;wd.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; gpuj;jpNafr; nrayhsuhf gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fs; gzpahw;wp

dhu;fs;. U]_y; vdg;gl;ltu;fs; ntspehLfSf;Fj; J}J nfhz;L nrd;whu;fs;.

cjhuzkhf `{ijgpah cld;gbf;if epfOKd; jhk; NghUf;F tutpy;iy@

ck;whTf;Nf te;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;gijf; Fiw\pfsplk; $w %d;W U]_y;fs;

nrd;wdu;. Nguuru;fs;> rpw;wuru;fSf;fhd J}Jf; fbjq;fisAk; U]_y;fNs

nfhz;L nrd;wdu;.

l `p[;up 6Mk; Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;du; thyp vdg;gl;Nlhu; gpuNjr epUthfj;ijg;


gupghypj;jdu;. epjp> ePjp> epUthf nraw;ghLfs; ,tu;fsplNk xg;gilf;fg;gl;ld.

kf;fhtpy; mjh gpd; M]pg; (uop) mtu;fSk;> jhapgpy; c];khd; gpd; mGy;

M]; (uop) mtu;fSk; thypfshf ,Ue;jdu;. ,t;thW 32 thypfs; ,Ue;jjhff;

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. Nfhj;jpu mikg;gpyhd mwGr; r%fj;ij gupghypg;gjw;fhf

Nfhj;jpuj; jiytu;fs; efPg;> Um]h vDk; ngau;fspy; mku;j;jg;gl;ldu;. ,tu;fNs

Nfhj;jpuq;fis kj;jpa muRld; gpizf;Fk; gpujpepjpfshfg; gzpahw;wpdu;. tup

mwtpLgtu;fs; kj;jpa murpypUe;J tu KbahJ Nghdhy; ,tu;fNs tupfis

mwtpl;L kjPdhTf;F mDg;gp itj;jdu;. fhopfsplk; ePjpj;Jiw xg;gilf;fg;gl;b

Ue;jJ. cku; (uop)> myp (uop)> mg;Jy;yh`; ,g;D k];Cj; (uop)> mg+ %]h

my;m\;mup (uop)> i]j; ,g;D ]hgpj; (uop) KjyhNdhu; fhopfshfg; gzpahw;wpdu;.

l re;ij epytuq;fisf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhf ]h p̀G]; ]_f; vdg;gLNthu; epakpf;fg;

gl;bUe;jdu;. kf;fhtpy; ]<j; ,g;D ]<j; my; M]; (uop) mtu;fSk; kjPdhtpy;

cku; (uop) mtu;fSk; ,g;gzpapy; mku;j;jg;gl;bUe;jdu;. K`;j]pg;

vdg;gLgtu;fSk; ,g;gzpf;F cjtpdu;. ,it mur epUthfj;jpw;nfd jdpahd

mur Copau; mzp Njit vd;gijAk; mtu;fs; jFjpahdtu;fspypUe;J

njupe;njLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd;gijAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Kjypy; kjPdhitAk; mjd; Rw;W tl;lhuj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpa

gpuNjrj;jpNyNa jkJ efu muir cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. gpd;du; ,lk;ngw;w gj;U>

c`j;> mfop Aj;jq;fspd; ngWNgWfs;> `{ijgpah cld;gbf;ifapd; KwpT

vd;gd kjPdhTf;Fj; njw;Nf ,Ue;j gpuNjrq;fis K];ypk;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by;

nfhz;L te;jd. mfopg; Nghupd;NghJ a+ju;fSld; nra;Jnfhz;l cld;gbf;

ifia mtu;fs; Kw;whf kPwp ele;jikahy; kjPdhtpy; tho;e;j gD} eoPu;> gD

ifDfh Nfhj;jpuj;jtu;fs; Nghd;W gD} Fiwohf;fSk; ifgUf;F ehL

flj;jg;gl;ljhy; ifgupy; kjPdh muRf;nfjpuhd xU $l;likg;G cUthdJ.

mtu;fs; kjPdhitj; jhf;f Kaw;rpg;gij mwpe;j egp (]y;) mtu;fs;> mtu;fs;

tUtjw;F Kd; ifgUf;F gil elj;jpdhu;fs;. ifgu; ntw;wpnfhs;sg;gl;lNghJ

mjd; Rw;W tl;lhuj;jpy; tho;e;jtu;fSk; K];ypk; muRf;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;ldu;.

,jdhy; K];ypk; muR my;yJ kjPdh muR tlf;Fg; gf;fkhf tpuptile;jJ.

l `p. 7Mk; Mz;lstpy; Nguuru; rpw;wuru;fSf;F mDg;gg;gl;l j/th epUgq;fs;

kjPdh muR NkYk; tpuptila toptFj;jd. mjd; Kjy;gb ̀ p. 8,y; epfo;e;j

K/jhg;NghUld; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. cNuhk kd;dDf;Fj; J}J nfhz;L nrd;w

egpapd; J}Jtu; jpUk;Gk; topapy; f];]hdpa rpw;wuruhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;.

ru;tNjr rl;lj;Jf;F Kuzhf mur J}Jtiuf; nfhiy nra;jjw;Fg; gopthq;Fk;

tifapy;jhd; K/jhg; Nghu; ,lk;ngw;wJ. ,jd; njhlu;r;rp mLj;J te;j

Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; Ml;rpapy; eilngw;wJ. ,J tlNkw;Nf kjPdh muir

tpuptilar; nra;jJ.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhtpy; Xu; muir Vw;gLj;jp mur kl;lj;jpy; nraw;glhJ

Nghdhy; j/thit Kd;itj;J mtu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;l gzpfs; ngWkhdk;

mw;witahf khwpapUf;Fk;. cjhuzkhf egp (]y;) mtu;fSld; nra;J nfhz;l

cld;gbf;ifia a+ju;fs; kPwpaNghJ kjPdhtpypUe;J mtu;fis ntspNaw;wf;

$ba mjpfhuj;ij egpatu;fs; ngw;wpUf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. egpatu;fspd; J}Jtu;

nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lNghJ mtu;fis vjpu;j;Jg; gilaDg;gf; $ba mjpfhuKk;

,y;yhjpUe;jpUf;Fk;. ghurPf kd;dDf;F egpatu;fspd; fbjk; fpilj;jNghJ

vd;Dila mbik ,t;thW fbjk; vOjyhkh vd mtd; Nfhgq; nfhz;likAk;

egpatu;fisf; ifJnra;AkhW fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jikAk; mtdJ mjpfhu


gyj;ijf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. me;j mjpfhuj;Jf;Fr; rkkhd gyj;ij muir

epu;khzpj;jjD}lhfNt egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. kw;nwhU

tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; egpatu;fs; murhq;fj;ij j/thTf;fhd Xu; rhjdkhf

khw;wpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ,t;thW egpatu;fs; ck;kj;Jf;F Kd;Ndhbahf ele;J

fhl;bdhu;fs;.

Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyfl;lk;Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyfl;lk;Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyfl;lk;Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyfl;lk;Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyfl;lk;

l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;du; ,];yhk; ]`hgh r%fj;jplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ vdyhk;. rka> r%f> murpay; tsu;r;rpia mtu;fNs

jPu;khdpj;jhu;fs;. vdNtjhd; egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;ij ,];yhj;jpd;

mwpKff; fl;lnkd;Wk;> Fyghcu; uh\pjPd;fspd; fhyj;ij mgptpUj;jpf;

fl;lnkd;Wk; rpyu; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wdu;.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; rka> r%f> murpay; eltbf;iffs;>

egpatu;fspd; Neubf; fz;fhzpg;gpy; ,lk;ngw;wd. Mdhy;> mtu;fspd; thgj;Jf;Fg;

gpd;du;> egpatu;fis Kd;khjpupahff; nfhz;L nray;gl Ntz;ba epiyf;F

]`hghf;fs; js;sg;gl;lhu;fs; my;yJ nghWg;Ngw;whu;fs; vdyhk;.

mg;Nghnjy;yhk; mtu;fs; jkJ kNdh,r;irg;gb nray;gltpy;iy. my;Fu;Md;

]{d;dhtpd; Mjhuq;fSf;Nfw;gTk; jFjpahdtu;fSldhd fye;JiuahlYf;F

ClhfTk; mtw;iw epiwNtw;wp te;jdu;.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ tghj;Jld; K];ypk;fSf;F jiyikj;Jtk; ,y;yhj

xU epiy Njhd;wpaJ. jiyikj;Jtkpd;wp egpatu;fis mlf;fk; nra;af; $l

mtu;fs; tpUk;gtpy;iy. ]fPgh gdP ]h,jhtpy; fye;jhNyhrid ,lk;ngw;wJ.

thjg; gpujpthjq;fSk; Vw;gl;ld. vdpDk;> Fiw\paupypUe;Nj fyPgh tUthu;

vd;w `jP]pd; mbg;gilapy; jFjpahd xUtuhff; fz;l mg+gf;u; (uop)

mtu;fis jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; mku;j;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fNsh mjidg; ngUk;

RikahfTk; mkhdpjkhfTk; fUjpr; nraw;gl;lhu;fs;. jk;ik my;yh`;tpd;

J}jupd; gpujpepjp vd;Nw gzpNthL mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. ~fyPgJ

u]_Yy;yh`;| vd;w nrhy;Ny fyPgh vdr; RUq;fpaJ. mjpypUe;Nj Ml;rpAk;

fpyhgj; vd;w ngauhy; toq;fg;gl;lJ vdyhk;.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jkJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; c]hkh (uop) jiyikapyhd xU

gilazpiaj; jahu;gLj;jpdhu;fs;. mtu;fis \hKf;F mDg;gpdhu;fs;.

egpatu;fs; NehAw;wikahy; gil nry;tJ jhkjkhdJ. mtu;fs; kuzpj;jJk;

gilia mDg;gf; $lhJ> mDg;GtjhapDk; c]hkh (uop)apd; jiyikapy;

mDg;gf; $lhnjd;nwy;yhk; fUj;Jf;fs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;ld. egpatu;fshy;

epakpf;fg;gl;l jsgjpia ePf;fTk; KbahJ@ gilia epWj;jTk; KbahJ vd

fyPgh cWjpahf epd;whu;.

l akhkh Nghupy; mNef `hgpo;fs; \`PjhdNghJ my;Fu;Md; mope;JtpLk;

vd;w gak; Vw;gl;lJ. mjid vOjpj; njhFj;Jg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W

cku; (uop) mtu;fs; Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jNghJ egpatu;fs; nra;ahj Ntiyia

ehd; vt;thW nra;a KbAnkd fyPgh kWj;Jtpl;lhu;. epiyikiaj; njspT

gLj;jpaNghNj mjw;F cld;gl;lhu;. ,it my;yh`;tpd; J}jupd; gpujpepjpahf

mtu; gzpahw;wpaikf;F ,uz;L rhd;WfshFk;.

l fyPgh Ml;rpj; jiytuhf kl;Lkd;wp Md;kPfj; jiytuhfTk; ,Ue;jhu;. ,jdhy;


,];yhkpa tho;f;if Kiwapy; vjpu;g;gLk; rpf;fy;fisj; jPu;f;f Ntz;ba

nghWg;Gk; mtUf;fpUe;jJ. mt;Ntisfspy; my;Fu;Mdpy; jPu;T Njbdhu;fs;.

]{d;dhtpy; jPu;T ,Uf;fpd;wjh vd ]`hghf;fisf; Nfl;L Mjhuk; Njbdhu;fs;.

mtu;fs; Mjhuq;fisj; njuptpj;jhy; mij itj;Jj; jPu;g;G toq;fpdhu;fs;.

,y;iynad;why; Jiwrhu;e;j mwpQu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W ,[;jp`hj;

%yk; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;.

l ,jw;F Kd;Ndhbahf egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ]`hghf;fisg; gapw;Wtpj;jhu;fs;.

,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) Nghd;w rpyu; jg;]Pupy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;@ ,g;D

cku; (uop) Nghd;w rpyu; `jP]py; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jdu;. ,g;D k];Cj; (uop)

Nghd;w rpyu; gpf;̀ py; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;@ ]mj; ,g;D mgP tf;fh]; (uop)

Nghd;w rpyu; Nghu;j; Jiwapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;@ cku; (uop)> myp (uop)

Nghd;Nwhu; murpay; Jiwapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;wpUe;jhu;fs;. vdNt ,j;jifatu;fspd;

fUj;Jf;fNshL eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfs; ,[;jp`hj; %yk; jPu;f;fg;gl;ld.

l Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhk; tpiuthfg; gutpaJ. fpyhgj;jpd;

vy;iy tpuptile;jJ. mwgp my;yhj K];ypk;fspd; njhif ngUfpaJ. gpw

fyhrhuq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; mjpfkhff; fhzg;gl;ldu;. mwG nkhopapy;

mike;jpUe;j my;Fu;MidNah> ]{d;dhitNah Neubahf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk;

mwpT mtu;fsplk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. vdNt ,];yhkpa eilKiwfis

]`hghf;fspd; tho;f;if Kiwiag; ghu;j;Nj njupe;J nfhz;ldu;. me;j

tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fhjtu;fSf;F ,];yhkpa rl;ltpjpfis vLj;Jf; $w Ntz;ba

nghWg;Gk; fyPghf;fSf;F Vw;gl;lJ. fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fs; ntt;NtW

gpuNjrq;fSf;F ntt;NtW ]`hghf;fis mDg;gp itj;J kthypfspd; ehshe;j

tho;f;ifia ,];yhkpakag;gLj;jp newpg;gLj;jpdhu;fs;.

l cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; Nghu;fs; epfo;e;jd. mit vjpupfshy;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lit. Mdhy; gilg;gyk; kpf;f vjpupfshy; K];ypk;fspd; [p`hjpa

czu;Tf;F Kd; <LnfhLf;f Kbatpy;iy. cNuhk> ghurPf Ml;rpg; gFjpfspy;

,lk;ngw;w Coy;fs;> xOf;ftPdq;fs;> mlf;FKiwfs; mg;gpuNjr kf;fis

fpyhgj;jpd; gf;fk; jpUk;g itj;jd. ,jdhy; xU gFjpahu; ,];yhj;ij Vw;w

kthypfshf khwpdu;. kw;nwhU gFjpahu; fpyhgj;ij Vw;w jpk;kpfshf khwpdu;.

cku; (uop) mtu;fs; jpk;kpfs; tplaj;jpy; kpff; $ba ftdj;ijr; nrYj;jpdhu;.

mtu;fsJ cupikfisr; ruptu toq;fpdhu;. ,jdhy; fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mtu;fSk;

K];ypk; rNfhjuu;fshf khwptpl;ldu;.

l Ml;rp tpuptile;jNghJ cku; (uop) mtu;fs; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fiy Nkw;nfhz;

lhu;. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; fhl;ba Kd;khjpupapy; khfhz Ml;rp Kiwia

cUthf;fpdhu;fs;. epUthfk; (thyp)> epjp (Mkpy;)> ePjp (fhop)> ,uhZtk;

(mkPu;) vd;gd jdpj;jdp mjpfhupfsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;ld. mt;tjpfhupfis

Nkw;ghu;it nra;tjw;fhf K`k;kj; gpd; k];ykh (uop) vd;gtiu FiwNfs;

mjpfhupahf (xk;g+l;];kd;) Mf mku;j;jpdhu;. mur Copau;fSf;F xOf;ff;

Nfhitnahd;iw Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhu;. jdJ epUthfj;ijr; rpwg;ghf

elj;Jtjw;fhf MNyhrid rig (k[;yp]_\; \_wh) xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpdhu;.

epjp epWtdkhf igj;Jy; khiy cUthf;fpdhu;. mur gzpfis epiwNtw;W

tjw;fhf jpizf;fsq;fisj; (jPthd;fis) jhgpj;jhu;. ePjpf;F Kd; midtUk;

rkk; vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;bdhu;. ePu;g;ghrd trjpfis nra;J nfhLj;jhu;.

cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;fpdhu;. ehzaq;fis ntspapl;lhu;. ,jdhy; rpwg;ghd

Ml;rp kl;Lkd;wp Nkd;ikahd r%fKk; cUthdJ.


l cku; (uop) mtu;fspd; rpwg;ghd Ml;rp vjpupfisg; gaq;nfhs;sr; nra;jJ.

Fwpg;ghf ghurPf Nguurpd; tPo;r;rp mtu;fSf;F Mj;jpuj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

,jd; tpisthf fyPgh cku; (uop) mtu;fs; mg+ Y/YM vd;w ghurPf mbik

ahy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fSf;Fg; gpd;du; gjtpNaw;w c];khd;

(uop) mtu;fspd; Ml;rpapd; Kjw; gFjp rpwg;ghf mike;jhYk; gpw;gFjp Fog;gj;jpy;

fope;jJ. mg;Jy;yh ;̀ ,g;D ]gh vd;w a+jd; ̀ p.30,y; fpyhgj; gpuNjrj;Js;

Eioe;jhd;. ,];yhkpa mwpT Fd;wpa gpuNjrq;fspy; ($gh> g];uh> vfpg;J)

er;Rf; fUj;Jf;fis tpijj;jhd;. c];khd; (uop) mtu;fSf;F vjpuhfg; gpurhuk;

nra;jhd;. tpisthf c];khd; (uop) mtu;fs; fpsu;r;rpf; FOtpduhy; nfhiy

nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;. nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l fyPghTf;fhfg; gopthq;ff; $ba tha;g;Gf;

fis fpsu;r;rpf;fhuu;fs; jtpu;j;J tpl;ldu;. ,jdhy; mLj;J te;j fyPgh myp

(uop) mtu;fSf;Fk;> c];khd; (uop) mtu;fspd; Nfhj;jpukhd cikahf;f

Sf;Fk; ,ilapy; Kuz;ghLfs; Njhd;wpd. ,jw;F KMtpah (uop) jiyik

jhq;fpdhu;. [ky;> ]pg;gPd; vd;w cs;tPl;Lg; Nghu;fs; epfo;e;jd. je;jpNuhghaq;fs;>

rjp Kaw;rpfs; fhuzkhf K];ypk; r%fk; gpsTgl;lJ. myp (uop) Mjuthsu;fs;

KMtpah (uop) Mjuthsu;fs;> fthup[;fs; vd;w %d;W gpupTfs; Njhd;wp

xd;Wld; xd;W Nkhjpf; nfhz;ld. ,Wjpahf fthup[;fspy; xUtdhd mg;Ju;

u`;khd; ,g;D Ky;[pk; vd;gtdhy; fyPgh myp (uop) mtu;fs; nfhiy

nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;. ,j;NjhL Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fspd; Ml;rp tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.

KMtpah (uop) mtu;fspd; jiyikapy; cikah tk;r Ml;rp Muk;gpj;jJ.

l ,jdhy; murpay;> r%f> fyhrhu tptfhuq;fs; midj;jpYk; khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jd.

,];yhj;jpd; capNuhl;lk; Fd;w Muk;gpj;jJ. gpw fyhrhuj; jhf;fq;fs; r%fj;jpYk;

Ml;rpapYk; CLUtpd.

l cj;Njr fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLcj;Njr fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLcj;Njr fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLcj;Njr fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghLcj;Njr fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nraw;ghL

gb gb gb gb gb I ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp khztu; mwpe;Js;stw;iw tpdtp rpe;jidf;

fpsu;nthd;iw Vw;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis %d;W FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfis toq;fp

jfty; jpul;l topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

m) rka tsu;r;rp

M) r%f tsu;r;rp

,) murpay; tsu;r;rp

gb gb gb gb gb III jhk; jpul;batw;iw FOf;fspilNa fye;Jiuahbg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;s

tha;g;gspAq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV mtw;wpd; RUf;fj;ij vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.


Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:Nkyjpf thrpg;Gf;Fupait:

• ]puh[{jPd; nra;apj; mg+gf;u; (khu;bd; ypq;];) (1989) K`k;kj; (]y;)> ju;fh

efu;.

• i]Gu; u`;khd; Kghuf; g+up (1425 `p.) mu;u P̀f;> nrd;id> jhUy; `_jh

• mg+gf;u; vk;.vk;. (1982)> ,];yhkpa tuyhW> ghfk;-1> rha;e;jkUJ-5> ,];yhkpa

Muha;r;rpf; fofk;>

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (2002)> K`k;kJu; u]_Yy;yh ;̀> n`k;khjfk> my;̀ ]dhj;

gjpg;gfk;.

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (2004) mg+gf;u; ]pj;jpf;> n`k;khjfk> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• mg;Jy; i` mg+ ]hypk; (1988) mz;zy; egpapd; mofpa tuyhW> nrd;id>

,];yhkpa epiyak; bu];l; (IFT)

• ]pgh< K];jgh (2010) egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tho;tpay;> nfhOk;G 09>

kPs;ghu;it Clf ikak;.

• upaho; vk;.N[.vk;. (2001)> kjPdhit Nehf;fp> cf;Ftis> ck;kj; gg;spNf\d;.

• ehspu; vk;.vr;.vk;. (1983) ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk;>

nfhOk;G 10> m\;\ghg; gjpg;gfk;.

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;. (1999)> mNugpau; tho;tpay;> nfhOk;G> ,];yhkpa Gf; `T];.

• K`k;kj; V. Kf;jhu; (1986)> ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;> ntypfk> my;-m];̀ u;

ntspaPl;lfk;.





Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.27.27.27.27.2 ::::: ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhfpa tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpiaf;

fpufpj;J tpkh;rd uPjpahf vOjpf;fhl;Lthh;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW : : : : : • muG tu;j;jfh;fs; ehL gpbf;Fk; Nehf;fpyd;wp tu;j;jf

ey;Ywitg; NgZk; tifapNyNa ,yq;iff;F te;jdh;

vd;gij czh;e;J tpsf;Fthu;;.

• ,yq;iff;Fk; mNugpah;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd njhlh;G

tuyhw;Wj; njhd;ik tha;e;jJ vd;gij rhpahf tpsq;fp

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.

• ,e;j cwtpdhYk; njhlh;gpdhYk; vt;thwhd

tpisTfs; cz;lhapd vd;gij mwpe;J $Wthh;.

• vj;jifa xU fhyg; gphptpy; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;

mwpKf khfpaJ vd;gijf; fzpj;J mwpe;J $Wthu;;.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Muk;gfhyf; FbNaw;wq;fs;

vq;nfq;nfy;yhk; ,lk;ngw;wd vd;gJ gw;wp tpgukhf

mwpe;J nfhs;thh;.


l ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhjy;,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhjy;,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhjy;,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhjy;,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhjy;

l ,yq;iff;F ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd tuyhW gw;wpa jfty;fNsh ,yq;if

K];ypk;fspd; Muk;gfhy tuyhW gw;wpa jfty;fNsh kpff; fpl;ba fhyk;

tiu vkf;Ff; fpilf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

• Muk;gfhy muG Njr rQ;rhhpfSk; gpuahzpfSk; tpl;Lr; nrd;w Fwpg;Gfs;>

gpw r%fq;fspd; fhg;gpa E}y;fs;> kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa Ml;rpahsH tpl;Lr;

nrd;w jfty;fs; Kjyhdtw;wpd; Jiz nfhz;Nl ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;

mwpKfkhd tuyhW gutyhf $wg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

• ,yq;if K];yPk;fspd; tuyhW vd;gJ ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpD}lhf ,lk; ngw;w

muG kf;fspd; tzpfj;NjhL kpf neUq;fpa njhlHG nfhz;ljhFk;. ,e;J

rKj;jpu tzpfk; vd;gJk;> ,e;J rKj;jpu tzpfg;ghij vd;gJk; ,yq;iff;F

,];yhk; mwpKfkhd tuyhw;NwhL kpf neUq;fpa njhlHGilad.

• ,e;j tifapy; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; mwpKfj;Jf;Ff; fsk; mikj;Jf;

nfhLj;j muG tzpfHfSf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilNa epytpte;j cwtpd;

tuyhw;Wj; njhd;ik gw;wp mwptJ mtrpakhFk;.

• ghurPf tisFlhtpy; Muk;gpj;J rPdhtpd; fd;ld; JiwKfk; tiuahd xU

tphpe;j gpuNjrj;ij ,e;j muG tzpfk; cs;slf;fp ,Ue;jJ. ,e;J

rKj;jpuj;jpd; Nfe;jpu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j XH ,lj;jpy; mike;Js;s


,yq;ifj; jPthdJ> fpof;fpw;Fk; Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd tzpfg;ghijapy;

kj;jpa epiyia tfpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; fhw;W tPRk; Kiwapy;

(Wind pattern) ,e;j tzpfk; jq;fpapUe;jikahdJ ,yq;if rHtNjr tHj;jfg;

ghijapd; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; cyfshtpa hPjpapy;

mwpag;glTk; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

• mf;fhyj;jpy;> ,yq;ifapy; ntspehl;Lf; fg;gy;fs; ghJfhg;ghfj; jq;fp epw;ff;

$ba rpwe;j JiwKfk; fhzg;gl;lik> Nghjpa thridj; jputpaq;fs;

fpilj;jik> Rj;jkhd ePiug; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd trjp ,Ue;jik

Kjyhd mk;rq;fs; ,yq;ifj; jPit tzpfj;jpd; Kf;fpa ,lkhf khw;wpd.

,it ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;Jf;F Kd;Ng ,yq;ifapy; muGf; FbNaw;wq;fs;

Njhd;wf; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd.

• gz;Lfhga kd;dd; fp.K. (437-367) fhyg; gFjpapy; mEuhjGuj; jiy

efhpy; gpw ehl;L tzpfHfSf;nfdr; rpy gpuNjrq;fis xJf;fpapUe;jhd;

vd;Wk; mq;F atdHfSf;nfdj; jdpahd ,lnkhd;W xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ

vd;Wk; kfh tk;rk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. kfh tk;rk; Fwpg;gpLk; “atdH” vDk;

gjk; muG kf;fisNa Fwpg;gjhf kfh tk;rj;ij Muha;e;J nkhop ngah;j;j

iffH Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• Nkw;Fwpj;j jfty;fisj; jtpu NtW gy jfty;fSk; ,];yhj;Jf;F Kd;dNu

muG tzpfHfs; ,yq;ifapy; Fbfshf tho;e;J te;Js;sdH vd;gij epWtg;

Nghjpa Mjhuq;fshf cs;sd. mEuhjGuj;jpy; muGfspd; tPLfs; mofpa

Kiwapy; mike;jpUe;jd vd ghfpad; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. tpy;ypak; iffhpd;

fUj;Jg;gb tp[aDk; mtdJ NjhoHfSk; ,yq;iff;F tUtjw;F Kd;dNu

akd; ehl;L mugpfs; ,yq;ifapy; FbapUe;Js;sdH. MhpaHfs; ,yq;iff;F

tUtjw;F Kd;dNu muG tzpfHfsJ tUif ,lk;ngw;wnjd mtH NkYk;

Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• muG tHj;jfHfs; kyghH fiuapYk; ,yq;ifapYk; mjpfkhf tho;e;J

te;jjhfTk; mq;F mtHfspd; Mjpf;fNk kpifj;jpUe;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLk;

gpurpj;jp ngw;w vOj;jhsH gpspdp> fpwp];jt Mz;L njhlq;F Kd;dNu ,e;j

muGfspd; FbNaw;wq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; mike;jpUe;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

,jidNa Kd;dhs; mfo;thua;r;rpahsH fyhepjp ghNye;jpuh gpd;tUkhW

Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.

“fle;j 2000 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf muG kf;fs; ,yq;ifapd; Fbkf;fshf

,Ue;J te;jjhy; NtlHfisAk; goq;FbfisAk; NghyNt mtHfSk; goik

tha;e;jtHfshtH.”

• mNugpaupd; ,e;j FbapUg;Gg; ghuk;guhpak; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dUk;

njhluhf ,lk;ngw;W te;Js;sij tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fs; vLj;Jf;

fhz;gpf;fpd;wd.

mJtiu ntWkNd muG tzpfHfs; vd;w ngahpy; ,yq;iff;F tUif

je;j mtHfs; ,];yhj;jpd; Njhw;wj;jpd; gpd;dH muG K];ypk; tzpfHfs;

vDk; gz;Gg; ngaiug; ngw;wtHfshf tUif juyhapdH. ,t;thW K];ypk;

fshf te;J FbNawpa muG kf;fspd; ,];yhkpa eilKiwfSk;> tHj;jfj;jpy;

mtHfs; fhl;ba NeHikAk; kw;Wk; rpy ey;yk;rq;fSk; mtHfsJ khHf;fkhd

,];yhk; ,yq;ifapy; mwpKfkhtjw;Fj; Jiz nra;jd.


mtw;iwg; gpd;tUkhW Nehf;fyhk;.

• my;fpagfhp vDk; E}iy Mjhuk; fhl;b rpj;jpnyg;ig jdJ K];ypk; Nerdpy;

gpd;tUk; epfo;itf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

“fp.gp. 628,y; t`g; ,g;D mgP `g;]h vDk; Njhoiu egp mtHfs;

,yq;if kd;ddplk; mDg;gp itj;jhHfs;> egpatHfspd; fbjj;ij kd;ddplk;

nfhLj;j egpj;NjhoUf;F> mtuJ gzpia Nkw;nfhs;s mDkjpaspj;J k];[pj;

xd;iwf; fl;bf; nfhs;sTk; tpUk;GgtHfs; mtuJ khHf;fj;ij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sTk; mDkjp toq;fpdhd;. Fwpj;j egpj;NjhoH ,q;fpUe;j muG

kf;fSf;Fk; VidNahUf;Fk; ,];yhj;ijg; Nghjpj;Jr; rpyiuj; jdJ

khHf;fj;jtuhf;fpajd; gpd;dH fp.gp. 632,y; mNugpahTf;F kPz;lhH.”

• mNugpahtpy; GjpanjhU khHf;fk; Njhd;wpapUg;gjhf mwpe;j ,yq;if kd;dd;

(2Mk; mf;fNghjp : 623-633) ,J gw;wp mwpe;J tUtjw;fhf xU J}Jf;

FOit mNugpahTf;F mDg;gp itj;jhd;. ,j;J}Jf; FO mNugpahitr;

nrd;wile;j NghJ egpatHfs; kuzpj;J mG+gf;H (uop) mtHfspd; fpyhgj;Jk;

Kbtile;J ckH (uop) mtHfs; Ml;rp nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. ckiu

re;jpj;j J}Jf; FO mtHfsplk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jfty;fis mwpe;J

nfhz;L ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ. topapy; kf;uhdpy; (etPd fuhr;rp) xUtH

kuzpf;f kw;wtH ,yq;if te;J jhk; mwpe;j nra;jpiaj; njuptpj;jhH.”

vd;w jftiy tuyhw;W MrphpaH ,g;D \ ;̀uahH jdJ “m[h,Gy; ̀ pe;J”

vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• “GJ}`{y; Gy;jhd;” vDk; E}ypd; MrphpaH “gyJ}hp” Fwpg;gpLk; gpd;tUk;

rk;gtKk; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfk; ngwj; Jiz nra;j kw;nwhU

fhuzpahFk;. “khzpf;fj; jPtpd; kd;dd; mq;F K];ypk; jha; je;ijaUf;Fg;

gpwe;J mg;ngw;NwhHfs; ,we;jjd; fhuzkhf mehijfshd tpjitfshd

rpyiu xU fg;gypy; Vw;wp ,uhf;fpd; mg;Nghija ftHduhf ,Ue;j ̀ [;[h[plk;

mDg;gp itj;jhd;. mg;ngz;fs; ,d;iwa fuhr;rpf;F rkPgkhf cs;s “Njgy;”

vDk; ,lj;jpy; itj;J flw; nfhs;isf;fhuHfshy; rpiwg;gpbf;fg;gl;ldH.

tplak; mwpe;j `[;[h[; rpe;J ehl;bd; kd;dd; uh[h lh`pUf;F kly;

tiue;J mg;ngz;fis clNd tpLjiy nra;AkhW NfhhpdhH. ̀ [;[h[pd;

Nfhhpf;iffs; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;ljhy; rpe;J ehl;bd; kPJ K];ypk;

gilnaLg;G epfo;e;jJ.” ,e;j epfo;Nt ,e;jpa ehL ,];yhkpa Ml;rpapd;

fPo; tUtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

• “fp.gp. 8Mk; E}w;whz;by; `[;[h[pd; nfhLikf;F mQ;rp `h\pkPf;fs;

rpyH jkpofj;jpYk; kyhf;fhtpYk; ,yq;ifapYk; FbNawpdH. ,tHfs;

,yq;ifapd; tl fpof;F> tl Nkw;F gFjpfspYs;s jpUNfhzkiy> Gj;jsk;>

aho;g;ghzk;> khe;Njhl;lk;> kd;dhH> Fjpiukiy> nfhOk;G> gh;ghPd; (NgUtiy)

Kjyhk; gpuNjrq;fspy; FbNawp thoe;jdH.” vd;W mnyf;]hz;lH N[hd;];ld;

vd;gtH Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• ,yq;ifapy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l fy;yiw eLfw;fSk;> muG ehzaq;fs;

rpyTk; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; gutiy vLj;Jf;fl;Lk; Mjhuq;fshf

cs;sd.

• ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;J te;j K];ypk;fs; jkf;F khHf;f rl;l jpl;lq;fis

fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd xU Nghjfiu mDg;gp itf;FkhW gf;jhij Ml;rp

nra;J te;j mg;gh]pa fyPgh `h&d; u\Pij Ntz;bf; nfhz;lNghJ


fyPgh fhypj; ,g;D my; gfhah vd;gtiu `p[;hp 300fspy; ,yq;iff;F

mDg;gp itj;jhH.

• jdJ gzpiar; rpwg;ghfr; nra;J Kbj;j mtH `p[;hp 317,y; tghj;jhfp

nfhOk;gpNyNa ey;ylf;fk; nra;ag;gl;lhH. mtuJ epidthf mlf;f];jyj;jpy;

gjpg;gjw;fhf xU eLfy;iy (Tomb Stone) gf;jhjpy; ,Ue;J fyPgh `h&d;

mDg;g p itj;jhH. ,e ;j fy;yiw eLfy; ,d;Wk ; ek ; ehl ;L

mUk;nghUl;rhiyapy; fhl;rpf;fhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

• nfhOk;G efiuj; jhz;b Gspae; jPT> jpUNfhzkiy> kLs;Nght Kjyhd

gpuNjrq;fspy; fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l fy;yiw eLfw;fSk; KJuh[ty kw;Wk;

ePHnfhOk;G> tj;jis> fk;gis> fynfjiw Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fz;nlLf;fg;

gl;l muG ehzaq;fSk; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; gutiy mwptpf;Fk;

rhjdq;fshf cs;sd.

l ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp

• ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhff; fhuzkhf ,Ue;j muG tzpfu;fNs

,e;ehl;by; ,];yhj;jpd; gutYf;Fk; tsHr;rpf;Fk; fhuzkhf ,Ue;Js;sdH.

fpof;fpw;Fk; Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,ilNa ,lk; ngw;w tHj;jfj;jpy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij

tfpj;j JiwKf efHfs; jhd; mg;Nghija tHj;jf ikaq;fshfTk; ,Ue;jd.

fhw;wpd; Jiz nfhz;L gazpj;j muG tzpfHfs;> xd;wpy; njd; ,e;jpa

fiuNahuj; JiwKf efHfspy; my;yJ ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahuq;fspy;

mikag; ngw;wpUe;j JiwKfq;fspy; jq;fpr; nrd;wdu;.

• ,yq;ifapd; JiwKf efHfspy; mtHfs; jhpj;Jr; nrd;wikf;F gpd;tUk;

mk;rq;fs; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd.

– jkJ tHj;jfj;Jf;fhd tHj;jfg; nghUl;fis ,q;F jhuhskhfg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;s Kbe;jik.

– J}a;ikahd FbePUk;> czTk; fpilj;jik.

– ,j;JiwKfq;fs; ,aw;ifahfNt ghJfhg;ghditahf mike;jpUe;jik.

– fg;gy; jpUj;Jtjw;Fk;> gOJghHg;gjw;Fk; Njitahd trjpfs; ,Ue;jik.

• ,t;thW fiuNahuq;fspy; jq;fpr; nrd;w epfo;TfSk; gpw;fhyj;jpy; mt;tg;

gpuNjrq;fspy; muGf; FbNaw;wq;fs; ,lk; ngw top nra;jd. fpwp];JTf;F

Kw;gl;l fhyk; Kjw; nfz;Nl ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahu efHfspYk; mEuhjGuk;

Nghd;w cs; ehl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; muG tHj;jfHfspd; FbapUg;Gf;fs;

,Ue;J te;jd vd tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wd.

• cyfpy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhfpa fp.gp. 6 Mk; E}w;whz;bYk; mjw;Fg; gpd;dUk;

$l ,e;j muG tHj;jfk; njhluhf ,lk;ngw;W tuyhapw;W.

,];yhk; Njhd;Wk; tiu ntWkNd muG tHj;jfHfs; vd;w epiyapy; gazpj;j>

jq;fpa ,tHfs;> ,];yhj;jpd; tUifNahL muG K];ypk; tzpfHfs; vDk;

ngaiu jhq;fpatHfshfNt tUif juyhapdH@ tHj;jf eltbf;ifapy;

<LglyhapdH. tHj;jf Nehf;fpy; fiuNahu efHfspy; jq;fpa ,tHfspd;

,];yhkpa eilKiwfs; RNjr kf;fspd; tuNtw;igAk; ftd <Hg;igAk;

ngwyhapd. ,JTk; ,];yhj;jpd; gutYf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.


• K];ypk;fsJ FbNaw;wq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; Kjd; Kjypy; vq;F ,lk; ngw;wd

vd;gij kpfr; rhpahf vtUk; ,Jtiu fzpj;Jf; $whj epiyapy; cikahf;f

spd; nfhLikfSf;F mQ;rp ,yq;ifapy; te;J FbNawpa `h\pkPf;fspd;

FbNaw;wj;NjhLjhd; K];ypk;fspd; G+HtPfk; Muk;gkhfpwJ vd myf;]hd;lH

N[hd;];ld; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

my;fpah ghfup vDk; E}iy Mjhukhff; nfhz;L rpj;jp nyg;ig K];ypk;

Nerdpy; Fwpg;gpLk; th`g; ,g;D mgP `g;]h njhlHghd rk;gtKk;>

tuyw;whrphpaH ,g;D \`;uahH jdJ “m[h,Gy; `pe;J” vDk; E}ypy;

Fwpg;gpLk; rk;gtKk;> ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g K];ypk;fsJ FbNaw;wq;fs;

gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jUtJ kl;Lkd;wp mtHfNs ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fk;>

gutYf;Fk; fuzkhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sdh; vd;w cz;ikiaAk; vLj;Jf;

fhl;Ltjha; mike;Js;sJ.

• fp.gp. 9Mk; E}w;wz;by; tzpfhPjpahfg; Gfo; ngw;W tpsq;fpa %d;W Kf;fpa

JiwKfq;fSs; khe;ijj; JiwKfKk; xd;whFk;. ,q;F eilngw;w

mfo;thuha;r;rp %yk;> mq;F fzprkhd mstpy; muG tHjfHfs; fzg;gl;ldH

vd;gij mwpa KbfpwJ. ,Nj fhyg;gpuptpy; nfhy;yk; JiwKfj;jpy; ,Ue;J

rPdh tiu nrd;w tHj;jfg; ghijapy; gazpj;j muG tzpfHfs;@ ,yq;ifapd;

njd; fiuNahuq;fspy; jkJ FbNaw;wq;fis mikj;jdH. nfhOk;G>

NgUtiy> fSj;Jiw> fhyp> ntypfhkk;> khj;jiw> jpUNfhzkiy> kd;dhH>

Gj;jsk; Nghd;w efHfs; mtw;Ws; rpythFk;. ntWkNd tzpf Nehf;fpy;

mikf;fg;gl;l ,f;FbapUg;GfSk; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j

kw;WnkhU fhuzpahFk;.

• ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; tsHr;rp ngwj; Jiznra;j kw;WNkhH mk;rk;> njd;

,e;jpa K];ypk;fNshL ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfz;l cwthFk;.

muG tzpfHfs; Nghy njd; ,e;jpa tHj;jfHfSk; ,yq;ifapd; fiuNahuq;

fspy; jkJ FbNaw;wq;fis mikj;jdH. ,J gw;wp rpj;jp nyg;ig gpd;tUkhW

Fwpg;gpLtJ Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

“… njd; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s eh$H> fhiuf;fhy;> njhz;b> fhay;gl;lzk;

Kjyhk; gpuNjrq;fspy; ,Ue;J K];ypk;fs; tpahghu Nehf;fpy; te;J FbNawpdH.

• ,yq;ifapy; njd; fiuNahu efHfspy; ,];yhj;jpd; guk;giy gpd;tUk;

tplaq;fs; vLj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fpd;wd.

fp.gp. 12Mk; E}w;whz;by; ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapyhd K];ypk; tzpfHfs;

ntypfhkj;jpy; ngUk; nry;thf;Fld; tho;e;jhHfs;. nghUshjhur; nropg;NghL

tho;e;j K];ypk;fisf; NghHj;Jf;NfaH nfhs;isabj;jdH.

fhypapy; 14Mk; E}w;whz;lstpy; K];ypk; r%fk; xd;W tho;e;J te;jpUf;fpwJ

vd;gij ,g;D gJ}jh jhd; mq;F nrd;wNtis jdf;F mq;F eh$H

,g;uh P̀k; vDk; fg;gy; jiytd; tpUe;jspj;J nfsutpj;jhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk;

rk;gtk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

fp.gp. 10Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; NgUtiyapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpiaf;

fhzKbfpwJ. fp.gp. 930,y; ,q;F fz;nlLf;fg;gl;l fy;yiw eL fy;Yk;>

fp.gp. 1010,y; nghpa jk;gp kiuf;fhH vd;gtUf;F ,yq;if kd;dd; xUtd;

toq;fpa nrg;Gg; gl;laKk; ,jw;fhd rhd;WfshFk;.


• ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpapy; mNugpahtpypUe;J ,yq;iff;F

tUifje;j khHf;fg; gpurhufHfspd; gzpfSk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fdthFk;.

,yq;if K];ypk;fspilNa khHf;fg;gw;W Fiwe;jpUe;j NghJ mtHfSf;Fg;

Nghjid nra;J ed;ndwpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gf;jhj; fyPghtpdhy; fhypj; ,g;D

gfhah vd;w NghjfH mDg;gg;gl;lhH. ,tuJ fy;yiw eLfy; nfhOk;gpy;

fz;nlLf;fg;gl;ljhdJ> mtH nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;Nj jdJ Nghjidia Nkw;

nfhz;bUf;fpwhH vd;gijAk; K];ypk; FbapUg;ghsHfspd; ikakhf nfhOk;G

tpsq;fp te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijAk; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

• ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; ,];yhk; epiyngwj; Njitahd rfytpjkhd fy;tpg;

NghjidfSk; toq;fg;gl;ld. ,f;fUj;ij NrH mnyf;]hz;lu; n[hd;]dpd;

gpd;tUk; $w;W cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ.

“ghurPff; Flh> g]uh> Mfpatw;wpD}lhf gf;jhNjhLk;> Vida fpyhgj;

ehLfNshLk;> muGf;fly;> vfpg;J Mfpatw;wpD}lhf kj;jpa jiuf;fly;

K];ypk; muRfSlDk; ];ghdpa K];ypk; muRlDk; nfhz;bUe;j njhlHgpd;

%yk; mtHfs; ,e;j ehLfspy; ,Ue;J ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; njhlHghd

gy %y mugpf; fpue;jq;fis ,yq;iff;F mwpKfg;gLj;jpdH.”

• ,t;thwhd rhd;Wfs; khj;jpukd;wp gpd;tUk; tplaq;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;

,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rp gy;NtW ghpkhzq;fisg; ngw;W tsHr;rp fz;L te;Js;sJ

vd;gij epWTtjha; cs;sd.

• mg;NghJ ,yq;ifapy; ,Ue;j rfy kjq;fSk; NghyNt ,];yhKk; rk

juj;jpy; itj;J Nehf;fg;gl;lJ vdTk; xU kd;ddpd; MNyhrfHfshf

ehd;F mikr;rHfs; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jdH vdTk; Fwpg;gpLk; my; ,j;hP]papd;

$w;W ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; ,];yhk; vj;jF tsHr;rpia fz;bUe;jJ vd;gijg;

Ghpe;J nfhs;s cjTfpwJ.

• Muk;gj;jpy; fiuNahu efHfspy; khj;jpuk; tsHr;rp ngw;wpUe;j ,];yhk;

gpd;dH gbg;gbahf cs;ehl;Lg; gFjpfspYk; tsHr;rp fhz Muk;gpj;jJ.

my; ,j;hP]papd; $w;Wf;F epfuhf ,f;fhyg; gphptpd; jiy efHfshf tpsq;fpa

ahg;gFth> FUdhfiy> jk;gnjdpah Kjyhk; gFjpfspy; `p[;hp 4Mk;

E}w;whz;Lfspy; ,];yhk; gutpapUe;jij mwpa KbfpwJ. gpd;dH tUif

je;j nkhNuhf;Nfh ehl;Lj; Njr rQ;rhhp ,g;D gJ}jhtpd; Fwpg;Gfspy;

Gj;jsKk;> FUdhfiyAk; rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.

• FUdhfiyiaj; jiy efuhff; nfhz;L Ml;rp nra;j ,uz;lhk; GtNdfghF

m];tj;Jk vDk; fpuhkj;J K];ypk; ngz;zhd kjnfba Fkhhp `hkpNd

vd;gtis kze;jhd;. ,t;tpUtUf;Fk; gpwe;j t];J`pkp K];ypkhfNt

tsHe;J <w;wpy; Ml;rpgPlk; Vwpaijf; fz;L rfpahj rpyH mtidf; nfhiy

nra;jdH. fNygz;lhu xsypah vDk; ngahpy; ,tDf;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l

rkhjp> mtd; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l ,lj;jpy; ,d;Wk; ,Uf;fpwJ.

FUdhfiyj; jhd; jhprpj;jjhfTk;> mq;F Nrf; rPuh]p vd;gtH xU k];[pjpy;

,Ue;J nfhz;L> ghthjk; kiyf;F ahj;jpiu nra;NthUf;F topfhl;bf;

nfhz;bUe;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLk; ,g;D gJ}jhtpd; Fwpg;G> ,f;fhyg; gFjpapy;

,];yhk; Nt&d;wp ,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gijNa fhl;LfpwJ.


• ,g;D gJ}jh jdJ gazf; Fwpg;gpy; “FehfH” vdf; Fwpg;gpLtJ fk;gis

iaNa vd rpy tuyhw;W Ma;thsHfs; Fwpg;gpLtH. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Nj

fhyg; gphpitr; NrHe;j ehzak; xd;W fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lNjhL> fk;gisf;F

rkPgkhf cs;s n`k;khjfikapy; fy;yiw eLfy; xd;W fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ.

,r;rhd;Wfs; ahTk; fp.gp. 14Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; ,g; gFjpfspy; ,];yhk;

tsHr;rpAw;wpUe;j epiyapidf; fhz;gpg;gjha; cs;sd.

• fiuNahu efHfspy; Kf;fpak; ngw;wjhf tpsq;fpaJ nfhOk;G efukhFk;.

mg;NghJ jiyikj; JiwKfkhf ,Ue;j nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfk; [y];jp

vDk; K];ypkpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; ,Ue;jJ. ,Nj fhyg;gphptpy; NgUtis>

fhyp Nghd;w K];ypk; FbapUg;Gfspd; gyj;ijAk;> tsj;ijAk; gazf;

Fwpg;Gfs;> fhg;gpaq;fs; %yk; mwpa KbfpwJ.

• ,t;thW mikf;fg;gl;l FbapUg;Gfspy; tHj;jfk; rk;ge;jkhfNth> flYhpik

rk;ge;jkhfNth njhlug;gLk; tof;Ffspy; K];ypk; xUtH rk;ge;jg;gl;bUe;jhy;

tprhuizapy; Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;if nfhz;l K];ypk; rkag; nghpahHfSk;>

tHj;jfHfSk;> flNyhbfSk; ,lk;ngWtNjhL Mrpag; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy;

K];ypk;fspilNa ,Ue;J tUk; rl;l epajpfspd;gb ePjp toq;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;Wk; rpq;fs kd;dHfshy; fl;lis ,lg;gl;bUe;jJ.

• ,it> ,];yhk; ,yq;ifapy; NghHj;Jf;NfaUf;F Kd;dNu Nt&d;wptpl;bUe;jJ

vd;gjw;fhd Nghjpa Mjhuq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp ,];yhkpa mwpTk; czHTk;

tsHf;fg;gl;l fl;Lg;ghl;Lldhd xU r%fkhf K];ypk; r%fk; epiy

ngw;wpUe;jJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fshfTk; mikfpd;wd.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fsJ gpujhd njhopy; tHj;jfkhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk; ,];yhNk

mtHfsJ tho;tpayhf mike;J fhzg;gl;lJ. ,];yhj;jpd; kPjhd mtHfsJ

ek;gpf;ifapd; cWjpg;ghl;il xy;yhe;j kjFU N[k;]; nry;rHf; Mz;lifapd;

thu;j;ijfs; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

“NrhdfhpilNa CLUTtJ kpfTk; rpukkhdjhFk;> fpwp];jt kjj;NjhL

njhlHghd ve;jnthU mk;rj;ijAk; mtHfspilNa tpdpNahfpg;gJ mtHfis

Mj;jpuKwr; nra;tJ kl;Lkd;wp mtw;iw mtHfs; Gwf;fzpj;Jk; tpLfpd;wdH.”

“fpwp];jtj;Jf;F khw;wg;gl;l Vuhskhd kf;fspd; ngaHfspilNa ve;j xU

K];ypkpd; ngaiuAk; fhz Kbtjpy;iy” vdf; Fwpg;gpLk; “N`ht;” vd;gthpd;

fUj;Jk; <z;L Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

• ,t;thW fiuNahu efHfspYk; cs;ehl;Lg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; tsHr;rp ngw;W

cWjp ngw;w ,];yhk;> NghHj;Jf;Nfahpd; tUifNahL eyptila Muk;gpj;jJ.

,tHfs; ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; njhlHgpy; filg;gpbj;j nfhs;if Vida

ehLfspy; K];ypk;fs; njhlHgpy; filg;gpbj;j nfhs;ifapd; njhlHr;rpahfNt

mike;jJ. ];ghdpaH ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; K];ypk;fSf;F vjpuhf Nkw;nfhz;l

vy;yh eilKiwfisAk; NghHj;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;if K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhff;

filg;gpbj;jdH.

• NghHj;Jf;Nfahpd; Nehf;fq;fshd tHj;jfj;Jf;Fk;> fpwp];jt kjg;

gpurhuj;Jf;Fk; K];ypk;fs; jilahf mike;jjhy;> K];ypk;fSf;nfjpuhd

mtHfspd; nfLgpbfs; mjpfhpj;jd. ,e;j epiy ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpapYk;

jhf;fj;ij nrYj;jj; jtwtpy;iy.

• fiuNahu efHfspy; ,Ue;J K];ypk;fs; Juj;jg;gl;ljhy;> fz;b Nghd;w

cs;ehl;Lg; gFjpfspy; K];ypk;fs; FbNawyhapdu;.


fz;b kd;ddpd; mutizg;gpy; tho;e;j K];ypk;fSf;F murHfspd; ey;y

caH gjtpfSk; fpilj;jd. ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; xy;yhe;jUf;F vjpuhf Nghhpl;l

K];ypk;fs; jkJ khHf;fkhd ,];yhj;ijf; fhg;gijAk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Nl

nray;gl;ldH. vdNt> uh[;[paj;jpy; ,];yhk; jil ,d;wp tsHr;rp fz;lJ.

• xy;yhe;jhpd; Muk;gg;gFjpapy; K];ypk;fs; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lNghJk;> mtHfsJ

,Wjpf; fhyg; gFjpapy; K];ypk;fs; kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j rl;lq;fs; XusT

jsHj;jg;gl;ld. fhyp> ntypfhkk;> khj;jiw Kjyhk; gpuNjrq;fspy; xy;yhe;jH

K];ypk; fpuhkj; jiytHfis epakpj;jhHfs;. ,e;NjhNdrpa K];ypk;fspd;

rl;lq;fis mwpKfk; nra;j ,tHfs; kyhaHfisAk; mioj;J te;J ,q;F

FbakHj;jpdH. cz;ikapy;> ,e;j epfo;Tfs;> NghHj;Jf;Nfau; fhyj;jpy;

cUthd ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpapyhd gpd;dilit XusT <Lnra;tjhf

mike;jd.

• gphpj;jhdpahpd; tUifNahL mtHfs; filg;gpbj;j kj rfpg;Gf; nfhs;ifahy;

Kd;ida ,uz;L Ml;rpahsH fhyj;jpYk; mDgtpj;j ,lHg;ghLfs; ePf;fg;gl;ld.

,Ug;gpDk; mtHfs; Nkw;nfhz;l jpl;lkpl;l ,d Nkhjy; eltbf;iffshYk;>

kj khw;wj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fl;lha Mq;fpyf; fy;tpj; jpl;lj;jhYk;

,f;fhyg; gphptpy; K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp tsHr;rp ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. #o;epiyiaf;

fUj;jpy; nfhz;L md;W vLf;fg;gl;l “Mq;fpyk; fw;gJ $lhJ” vd;w

fl;Lg;ghNl ,jw;fhd Kf;fpa fhuzpahf mike;jJ.

,j;jilapdhy; Mq;fpyf; fy;tpiag; Gwf;fzpj;j K];ypk;fs; jkJ fy;tpia

kj;u]hf; fy;tpNahL kl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;ldH. K];ypk;fs; ,f;fhyj;jpy;

Mq;fpyf; fy;tpiag; Gwf;fzpj;jikahdJ mtHfsJ r%f> murpay; tho;tpy;

kpf Nkhrkhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jpaJ. 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjp

tiuapyhd fhyg;gFjp K];ypk;fspd; murpay; hPjpahd gq;fspg;Gf;

Fiwe;jpUe;jikf;F ,JNt fhuzkhf mike;jJ.

• ,t;thwhd gaq;fukhd gpd;diltpy; ,Ue;J ,];yhj;ijAk;> K];ypk;fisAk;

fhg;ghw;Wk; Nehf;fpy; ,f;fhyg; gphptpy; rPHjpUj;jthjpfs; nray;gl;lhHfs;.

jdJ r%fj;jpd; kPl;rpAk; vOr;rpAk; khHf;fg; gpd;Gyj;Jldhd fy;tpapNyNa

jq;fp cs;sJ vd;gij czHe;j rpj;jp nyt;it> r%fj;jpy; GiuNahbf;

fple;j mwpahikia mfw;wp fy;tpapy; ehl;lk; nfhs;sr; nra;Ak; Nehf;fpy;

“K];ypk; Nerd;” vDk; gj;jphpifia Muk;gpj;jhH. ,jdhy; ,yq;if

K];ypk;fs; fyhrhu #d;aj;jpypUe;J kPl;rp ngw;W> gue;j ,];yhkpa ck;kj;jpd;

XH mq;fk; vd;w czHitg; ngw;wdH.

• K];ypk;fspd; fy;tp Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhf 1884,y; rpj;jp nyt;it> xuhgp

gh\h> thg;gpr;rp kiuf;fhH Nghd;Nwhuhy; nfhOk;gpy; Kjd; Kjyhf my;

kj;u]Jy; ifhpah ghlrhiy epWtg;gl;lJ. ,e;jg; gpd;Gyj;ij ikakhff;

nfhz;L nray;gl;l kw;WnkhU rPHjpUj;jthjp ~m];]thg;|> ~K];ypk;

ghJfhtyd;| vDk; gj;jphpiffis ntspapl;l I.vy;.vk;. mg;Jy; m]P];

vd;gtuhtH.

,];yhj;Jf;F Kuzhd mk;rq;fisf; fz;lwpe;J tpsf;FtJk;> rkfhy

K];ypk; cyfpd; epfo;Tfis vLj;Jf; $wp cyfyhtpa K];ypk; ck;kj;NjhL

,ize;jtHfs; vd;w czHit K];ypk;fspilNa Vw;gLj;JtJk; K];ypk;

ghJfhtyd; gj;jphpifapd; Nehf;fq;fshf mike;jpUe;jd.


• ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; jkJ jdpj;Jtj;ij epiy epWj;Jtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;

gl;l Nghuhl;lkhfNt 1905,y; ,lk;ngw;w JUf;fpj; njhg;gp epfo;T mike;jJ.

• ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpapy; #gp QhdpfsJk;> jhPf;fhf;fsJk;

gq;fspg;Gfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. jdpg;gl;l tifapYk;> jhPf;fhf;fs; vd;w

tifapYk; $l;likg;ghfTk; ,tHfs; Mw;wpa gzpfshy; ehl;bd; %iy

KLf;Ffspnyy;yhk; Mj;kPfg; Ngnuhsp Vw;wpitf;fg;gl;lJ. ehl;by; ,d;W

tiu fhzg;gLk; jhPf;fhf;fs; ,jw;Fr; rhd;whf mikfpd;wd. K];ypk;fsJ

fyhrhuj; jdpj;Jtj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjpy; ,it kfj;jhd gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sd.

19Mk; E}w;whz;by; Vw;gl;l cyfshtpa ,];yhkpa vOr;rp miy ek;

ehl;bYk; mjpHTfis cUthf;fj;; jtwtpy;iy. ,jdhy; Vw;gl;l cyf

,];yhkpa mwpQHfspd; rpe;jidj; jhf;fq;fs; ,yq;if K];ypk;fisAk;

ghjpj;jd.

• ,e;j mwpQHfspd; Mf;fq;fs; jkpopy; nkhop ngaHf;fg;gl;L E}y;fshfTk;>

rQ;rpiffspy; Mf;fq;fshfTk; ntspte;jik ,yq;ifapy; J}a ,];yhk;

gw;wpa mwpKfj;Jf;F tY Nru;g;gjhf mike;jJ.


gb gb gb gb gb I ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk; mwpKfkhfpa tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzpia

Rthurpakhf Kd;itAq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztHfis %d;W FOf;fshfg; gphpAq;fs;> gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfspy;

jfty; jpul;l re;jHg;gk; toq;fp topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

FO-1FO-1FO-1FO-1FO-1 INuhg;gpaH tUiff;F Kd; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;

FO-2FO-2FO-2FO-2FO-2 INuhg;gpaH fhyj;jpy; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;

FO-3FO-3FO-3FO-3FO-3 Rje;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gpd;; ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;ntU FOTk; jpul;ba jfty;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;f

re;jHg;gkspAq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV xU rpwpa fye;Jiuahliy Vw;ghL nra;J mtHfs; jpul;ba jfty;fis

VidNahUk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s top nra;Aq;fs;.


• mkPd;> vk;.I.vk;.> (2000) K];ypk;fs; tsHj;j mwptpay; mofpaw; fiyfs;>n`k;khjfk> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• ,];yhk; juk; -11> (2000) ,yq;if> fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsk;.

• mkPd;> vk;.I.vk;.> (2000) ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhWk; fyhrhuKk;>n`k;khjfk> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• m]P];> V.vk;.V.> (2007) ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;> nfhOk;G> Fkud; Gj;jf

,y;yk; ntspaPL.

• u`Pk; mg;Jy;> (2006)> ,];yhkpaf; fiyf; fsQ;rpak;> 2Mk; 3 Mk;

ghfq;fs;> nrd;id AdptHry; gg;yp\H];





Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 7.37.37.37.37.3 ::::: ,yq;ifaH vd;w mbg;gilapy; K];ypk;fs; Njrj;jpw;F

Mw;wpa gq;fspg;Gfis tpsq;fp ehl;Lf;Fg; gzpahw;WthH.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: • rpq;fs kd;dHfs; fhyj;jpYk; gpd;dH INuhg;gpaH

fhyj;jpYk;> Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fg; gpwFk; ek; ehl;L K];ypk;fs;

,e;ehl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; nra;J

te;j gq;fspg;Gf; fis mwpe;J> eae;J jhKk; mt;tpjk;

elg;gjw;fhd ce;Jjiyg; ngw;W nray;gLthu;.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; murpay; nghUshjhu> fyhrhu>

Njrpa gq;fspg;Gfis tpsq;fp jhKk; mt;thwhd

gq;fspg;Gfis toq;Ftjw;fhd jpwikfisAk;

gf;Ftj;ijAk; ngw;W elg;ghu;.


l ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Njrpag; gq;fspg;Gfs;

l ~~tHj;jf Nehf;fpy; ek; ehl;Lf;F te;j muG kf;fs;> jkJ nghUshjhu

eydpy; khj;jpuNk mf;fiw nrYj;jpdNuad;wp ,e;j ehl;Lf;Fj; Njrpa

hPjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vj;jifa gq;fspg;igAk; nra;atpy;iy|| vDk; xU

fUj;J nghJthff; $wg;gl;L tUfpd;w xU #o;epiyapy;> vkJ Kd;NdhHfspd;

gq;fspg;G Fwpj;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;tJ kpf kpf mtrpakhFk;.

• ~~,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhw;iwg; gw;wpg; NgRk; vtUk; ,g;gFjpiaj;

jtpHj;j epiyapy; mtHfspd; tuyw;iwg; Ngr KbahJ|| vdf; $Wk; msTf;F

,e;j Njrpag; gq;fspg;G Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. ,e;j ehl;by; tho;e;j

Muk;gfhy K];ypk;fs; jkJ rf;jpf;F cl;gl;l tifapy; gy;NtW Jiwfspy;

,e;ehl;bd; tsHr;rpf;Fk;> tpUj;jpf;Fkhf cioj;Js;shHfs; vd;gij nghJthf

,yq;if tuyhw;iw mwpa tpUk;Gk; vtUk;> mjd; tuyhW neLfpYk;

fz;Lnfhs;tH. ,e;j tifapy; K];ypk;fs; ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L

tHj;jfj;ijg; NgZtjpYk;> mjD}lf cs;ehl;bd; tptrhak; Kjyhd gy;NtW

Jiwfspd; tsHr;rpf;F cjTtjpYk;> rpq;fs kd;dHfs; fhyj;jpYk;> gpd;dUk;

cs;ehl;L murpaypYk; fhj;jpukhd gy;NtW gzpfis Mw;wp te;Js;sdH

vd;gJ kiwf;fNth kWf;fNth Kbahj cz;ikahFk;.

• ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L tHj;jfj;jpy; Muk;g fhy K];ypk;fs; ngUksT

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sdH.

mEuhjGuf; fhyj;jpy; NkNyhq;fp epd;wpUe;j tptrhag; nghUshjhuKk;

mjNdhL njhlHghd ePHg;ghrdf; fl;likg;GfSk;> K];ypk;fspd; iffspy;

jq;fpapUe;j ntspehl;L tHj;jfj;jpd; %yk; fpilj;j Nkyjpf tUtha;fisf;

nfhz;Nl tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;ld.


• ,f;fUj;ij NguhrpupaH ~FztHjdh| vd;gthpd; gpd;tUk; $w;W cWjpg;gLj;J

tjha; mike;Js;sJ.

“,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;L tHj;jfk; tsHr;rp mile;jpUe;j fhyg; gFjpapNyNa

kpfg;ghhpa mstpyhd ePHg;ghrd Ntiyfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sd.||

ntspehl;L tHj;jfk; ,e;j ePHg;ghrdg; gzpfSf;fhd tUkhdj;ij mspj;jJ

vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; cWjpahfpwJ.

• mEuhjGu Ml;rpapd; ,Wjpf; $Wfspy; ,yq;ifapd; tptrhag; nghUshjhuk;

ghjpg;Gw;w Ntisapy; ,jdhy; Vw;gl;l nghUshjhu tPo;r;rpia rhpnra;tjw;fhf

NtW nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfspy; ehl;lk; fhl;l Ntz;ba epHg;ge;j epiy

xd;W cUthfpaJ. ,e;epiyapy; tptrhaj; Jiwapd; rhpthy; cz;lhd

nghUshjhug; gpd;dilit> njd; fpof;fhrpa ehLfSf;$lhf K];ypk;fs;

Nkw;nfhz;l tzpfj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fg; ngw;w tUtha;fs;jhk; <Lnra;jd.

• K];ypk;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jpa jtsk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw mtHfs; ,e;j

ehl;Lf;F nra;j kw;nwhU Kf;fpa gq;fspg;ghFk;. mNugpahtpy; xl;lfq;fspYk;>

fOijfs;> FjpiufspYk; nghjpfis Vw;wpr; nrd;w muG tzpfHfs; ek;

ehl;by; khLfspd; Jiz nfhz;L fiuNahug; gFjpfSf;Fk;> kiy

ehl;Lf;Fk; ,ilNa tpahghug; nghUl;fisg; ghpkhw;wk; nra;jhHfs;. ,J

jtsk; vdg;gLfpwJ.

• kiy ehl;L tpahghug; nghUl;fshd ghf;F> ahidj; je;jk;> Kjyhdtw;iw

fiu ehl;Lj; JiwKfq;fshd nfhl;bahuk;> fw;gpl;b> Gj;jsk;> Nghd;w

,lq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;w mtHfs;> cg;G> fWth> Jzpkzpfis fiuNahu

efuq;fspy; ,Ue;J kiy ehl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wdH.

fz;b kd;dd; ,uh[rpq;fid 1762,y; re;jpf;fr; nrd;w Mq;fpNyaj; J}JtH

N[hd; igg];> jhd; jpUNfhzkiyapy; ,Ue;J fz;bf;F nry;Yk; topapy;

20 Kjy; 30 tiuahd nghjp Rkf;Fk; vUJfs; Nky; tpahghug; nghUl;fis

Vw;wpf; nfhz;L Jiw Kfq;fis Nehf;fpr; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j K];ypk;

tpahghuf; $l;lk; xd;iwf; fz;ljhff; Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;J ,q;F Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

• vkJ Muk;gfhy Kd;NdhHfs;jhk; ,yq;iff;F nerTj; njhopiyAk; mwpKfk;

nra;J itj;jdH. NgUtis (gHghPd; gl;bdk;)apy; tho;e;j K];ypk; tzpfH

xUtuhy; 12Mk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; my;yJ 13Mk; E}w;whz;bd;

Muk;gj;jpy; ,j;njhopy; mwpKfk; nra;J itf;fg;gl;lJ vd N]H mnyf;rhd;lH

N[hd;];ld; Mrpaf; fofj;Jf;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

• fWthg; gapHr; nra;ifapy; khj;jpukd;wp mjidg; gjdpLtjpYk; vkJ

Muk;gfhy Kd;NdhHfs; <LghL fhl;b te;Js;sdH. ,jw;F Mjhukhf

mnyf;]hd;lH N[hd;];ldpd; Nkw; Fwpj;j fbjk; rhd;whf mikfpwJ.

mjpy; mtH gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

“fWth nghJthf ,yq;ifapd; njd;Nkw;Ff; flNyhug; gpuNrq;fspYk; mjd;

cl;gpuNjrq;fspYk; tsHfpd;wJ. flNyhu khfhzq;fspy; fWth

gaphpLtijAk;> gjdpLtijAk; xU jdpg;gl;l rhjpapdNu (K];ypk;) nra;fpd;w

dH. mtHfsJ vz;zpf;if 24>000f;Fk; 25>000f;Fk; ,ilg;gl;ljhFk;…”

• K];ypk;fs; ,e;j ehl;bd; kUj;Jtj; Jiwf;F Mw;wpa gq;fspg;Gf;fSk;

Fwp;g;gplj;jf;fdthFk;. ,e;j tifapy; A+dhdp kUj;Jtk; ,yq;if

K];ypk;fspd; Kf;fpakhd xU Njrpag; gq;fspg;ghff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. 9Mk;>


10Mk; E}w;whz;Lfspy; fiuNahuj; JiwKf efHfspy; tho;e;j muG kf;fs;Clhf ,e;j A+dhdp kUj;Jtg; ghuk;ghpak; ,yq;ifapYk; mwpKfk;ngw;wpUf;fyhk; vd ,j;Jiw rhH Ma;thsHfs; mDkhdpf;fpwhHfs;. Muk;gj;jpy;

fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; kl;LNk tof;fpy; ,Ue;j ,t;itj;jpa Kiw gpd;dHcs;ehl;Lg; gFjpfSf;Fk; gutpaJ.

• 10Mk; E}w;whz;lstpy; NgUtiyapy; FbNawp tho;e;j JUf;fpa Ml;rpahshpd;

Gjy;tH [khYj;jPd; vd;gtUk; mtuJ Gjy;tHfSk; A+dhdp kUj;Jtg;ghuk;ghpaj;ijf; filg;gpbj;jhHfs; vd;nwhU ghuk;ghpar; nra;jp cs;sJ.

,J njhlh;ghf mnyf;]hd;lhpd; gpd;tUk; $w;W Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

“…… ,e;jf; FLk;gj;jpd; jiytH 1806,y; kUj;Jtj; jpizf;fsj;jpd;RNjr mj;jpal;rfuhf vd;dhy; epakpf;fg;gl;lhH. jPtpYs;s RNjr itj;jpaHfspy;

kpf mwpTs;stHfspy; xUtH vd ehl;bd; Fbkf;fshy; mtH fUjg;gLtNjhL>RNjr kUj;Jt E}y;fspy; kpfr;rpwe;j xU njhFjpiaj; jk; trk;itj;jpUe;jtuhfTk; tpsq;fpdhH. mitfspy; mNefkhdit mtUila

FLk;gj;jpy; 700 - 800 Mz;L fhykhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. me;jf; fhyg;gFjpKOtjpYk; mtUila FLk;gj;jpy; Fiwe;jJ xUtuhtJ kUj;Jtj;njhopiy Nkw;nfhz;lik tof;fkhf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapy;

Kfkjpa RNjr itj;jpaHfshy; kUj;Jt Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf kpfg; goq;fhyk;njhl;L ghtpf;fg;gl;l mj;jPtpd; vy;yh %ypiffisg; gw;wpAk; kpf tptukhdXH mwpf;ifia ,tH vdf;Fr; rkHg;gpj;jhH……”

• Gtpapayhsu;fshd my; ,j;hP]p> ah$j; my; ̀ ktp> my; f];tPdp Nghd;NwhH>,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpg; nghUl;fspy; ,yq;ifapy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;lkUj;Jt %ypiffSk; mike;jpUe;jjhf Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdu;.

kd;du;fshd nrduj;Jk; Gjy;td; ,uz;lhk; ,uh[rpq;fDk;> fhypapy; A+dhdpkUj;Jtuhff; flik Ghpe;j Ry;jhd; vd;gtUf;F ,uz;L fhzpj; Jz;Lfis,ytrkhf toq;fpaJld; fz;bapy; FbapUf;fTk; mDkjp toq;fpdhd;.

Ry;jhd; fz;bapy; kd;ddpd; muritapy; gzp Ghpe;jhu;.

rpq;fs kd;dHfSf;F tpRthrkhf ele;J nfhz;ljhy; K];ypk; itj;jpaHfs;mtHfspd; ed;kjpg;igg; ngw;whu;fs;. ,j;jifa ed;ikg;igg; ngw;w xUtUf;F

ngN`j;Nf Kfhe;jpuk; (mur kUj;Jt ,yhfhtpd; jiytH) vDk; nghWg;igkd;dd; toq;fpdhd;. kl;Lkd;wp Jk;giw> khj;jis> abEtu> Kjyhk;gFjpfspy; fhzpfs; toq;fp “itj;jpa jpyf uh[fUz Nfhghy KjypahH”

vDk; gl;lj;ijAk; toq;fp nfsutpj;jhd;.

fPHj;jp = u[rpq;fdpd; fhyj;jpy; mtdJ Ml;rpiaf; ftpo;j;J mtidf;nfhiy nra;a Nkw;nfhz;l ,ufrpa rjpj; jpl;lk; gw;wp ,j;jifa Nfhghy

KjypahHfSs; xUtH %yk; mwpe;J nfhz;l kd;dd;> me;j NfhghyKjypahUf;F nrg;Gg;gl;lak; xd;iw toq;fp> epyGyd;fisAk; ed; nfhilahftoq;fpdhd;.

• K];ypk;fsJ Njrpag; gq;fspg;gpy;> Njrpa murpaypy; mtHfs; Mw;wpagzpfs; rpwg;ghf Nehf;fg;gl Ntz;baitahFk;.

rpq;fs kd;dHfspd; J}JtHfshf nray;gl;L Mw;wpa gzpfs; gy cs;sd.vfpg;Jld; tHj;jf hPjpahf njhlHig Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s tpUk;gpa kd;dd;Kjyhk; GyNdfghF my;`h[; mG+ c];khd; vd;gtiu vfpg;Jf;F jdJ

J}Jtuhf mDg;gp itj;jhu;.


N[hd; igg]; fz;b kd;didr; re;jpf;f ,yq;if te;jNghJ> fz;ba

kd;ddpd; J}Jtuhf jpUNfhzkiy nrd;W mtiuf; fz;bf;F mioj;J

te;jtH cJkhd; nyt;it vd;w K];ypkhthH.

GtNdfghF NghHj;Jf;NfaNuhL NrHe;J khahJd;idia vjpHj;jNghJ>

NghHj;Jf;Nfaiu tpul;babg;gjw;fhf fs;spf; Nfhl;il kd;dd; rhNkhhpdpd;

cjtp khahJd;idf;F mtrpag;gl;l Ntisapy;> ,t;Tjtpiag; ngWtjw;fhf

K];ypk;fisNa fs;spf;Nfhl;ilf;F khahJd;id mDg;gp itj;jhd;.

rpq;fs kd;dHfsplj;jpy;; ehd;F K];ypk; mikr;rHfs; gzpGhpe;jdH vd

Gtpapayhsu; my; ,j;hP]p Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ,tHfs; ehy;tUk; mikr;rHfshf

td;wp me;epa ,dj;jhhpilNa Vw;gLk; gpzf;Ffisj; jPHj;J itg;NghuhfTk;

ntspehl;L tzpfj;jpy; muRf;F MNyhrid toq;FNthuhfTNk ,Ue;jdH

vd;fpwhH gp.N[. ngNuuh.

• fz;ba kd;dd; rhHghf K];ypk;fs; xy;yhe;jhpd; cjtpia ehbdH vd;w

xNu fhuzj;Jf;fhfNt Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; 1642 ,y; khj;jiwapy; 200 Kjy;

300 tiuapyhd Mz;fisf; nfhiy nra;jNjhL ngz;fisAk; rpwhHfisAk;

rpiwg;gLj;jpdH.

NghHj;Jf;Nfaiu Juj;Jk; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;ljw;F ed;wp njhptpf;Fk;

tifapNyNa kd;dd; = tpf;fpuk ,uh[rpq;fd; mf;Fuizapy; fhzp toq;fp

K];ypk;fis mq;F FbakHj;jpdhd;.

1815 ,y; ,q;fpyhe;jpd; jhuhz;ikf; nfhs;if ,yq;ifapYk; jhf;fk;

nrYj;jpajd; tpisthf 1833 ,y; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l rl;l ep&gz rigapy;

K];ypk;fSk; gq;Fnfhs;s tha;g;Gf;fpilj;jJ.

1865,y; Kdprpgy; rig kw;Wk; cs;Suhl;rp kd;wq;fspYk; K];ypk;fSf;F

gq;Fnfhs;s re;jHg;gk; fpilj;jJ. fz;b Kdprpgy; rigapy; 8 K];ypk;fs;

K];ypk; r%f eyDf;fhf Fuy; nfhLj;jdH.

1833,y; rl;l ep&gz rig mwpKfkhd NghJk; 1889 tiu mjpy; K];ypk;

fSf;F gpujpepjpj;Jtk; toq;fg;gltpy;iy. gwq;fpaUk; Njhl;lj; JiukhUk;

K];ypk;fis tpl rpWghd;ikapduf ,Ue;Jk; mtHfSf;F gpujp epjpj;Jtk;

toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ,e;epiyapy; rpj;jp nyt;itAk; mtuJ ez;gHfSk;

murpay; chpik Nfhhp gj;jphpiffs; %yk; Fuy; nfhLj;jdH. ,jd; tpisthf

1899,y; M.C. mg;JH u`;khd; rl;l ep&gz rig cWg;gpduhfj; njhpT

nra;ag;gl;lhH.

Rje;jpu Nghuhl;lq;fspYk; me;epa r%fj;jpdNuhL ,ize;J K];ypk;fs;

Fuy; nfhLj;jdu;. Rje;jpuj;ij ntd;nwLf;fntd> 1919,y; cUthf;fg;gl;l

Njrpa fhq;fpu]py; mjd; cgjiytu;fspy; xUtuhf T.B. [hah

Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhu;. gpd;du; K];ypk;fspy; gyUk; ,jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;ldu;.

• murhq;f rigapy; T.B. [hah Mw;wpa ciuapy; $wpa “,d hPjpahd

Nfhupf;iffisAk; ,yhgq;fisAk; miltij tpl Rje;jpuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfs;s Kaw;rpg;gJ xU K];ypKf;F kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;” vd;w tplak;

[hahtpd; Njrpa czHTf;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.


• 1939 ,y; eilngw;w mfpy ,yq;if murpay; khehl;by; rl;l rig cWg;gpdH

khf;fhd; khf;fhu;

“,e;j ehl;bd; ngUk;ghd;ikr; r%fk; rpWghd;ik ,dkhf khWtij

mDkjpf;f KbahJ.|| vdf; $wpdhu;.

,Nj khehl;by; fyhepjp gjpAjPd; k ;̀%j;> jdJ ciuapy;> ~~vkJ ehl;Lf;F

G+uz Rje;jpuk; NfhUtjpy; rpq;fs muNrhL ehDk; ,ize;J nfhs;fpNwd;”

vd;gijAk; cs;slf;fp ciuahw;wpdhH.

“vk;kplk; cs;s murpay; QhdKk; ePjp epiyehl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w

czHTk; jhd; ,e;j ehl;Lf;F nlhkpdpad; me;j];Jf; NfhUk;NghJ rpq;fs

kf;fNshL NjhNshL Njhs; epd;W ehKk; Nghuhl vk;ikj; J}z;bd vd;W

NrH uh]pf; ghPj; 1945,y; ahg;G rPh;jpUj;jk; njhlHghf murhq;f rigapy;

ciu epfo;j;Jk;NghJ $wpdhH.

• K];ypk;fs; rpq;fs kd;dHfspd; fhyj;jpy; mtHfsJ ,uhZtj;jpYk; gq;fhw;wp

cioj;Js;sdH. NghHj;Jf;Nfag; gilfSf;F vjpuhf kd;ddpd; ,uhZtj;jpd

NuhL ,ize;J Nghuhbaij tuyw;Wg; gjpTfspy; ,Ue;J fz;L nfhs;s

KbfpwJ.

• ,uz;lhk; ,uh[rpq;fdpd; fhyj;jpy; eilngw;w “nts;stha” vdg; ngaH

ngw;w Aj;jj;jpy; K];ypk;fspd; xl;lfg;gil Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpj;jJ. ,e;j

ntw;wpiaf; fz;zpag;gLj;Jk; tifapy; `q;Fuq;nfl;l Njthyaj;Jf;F

md;gspg;G nra;j Glitapy; ,e;j xl;lfg;gil Xtpakhf tiuag;gl;Ls;sik

Nehf;fj;jf;fJ.

l ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; gq;fspg;Gfs;,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; gq;fspg;Gfs;

• cyfpy; thOk; gy;NtW ,dj;jtHfSf;Fk; mtHfSf;Nf chpa jdpj; jdpf;

fyhrhu-gz;ghl;Lg; ghuk;gupak; ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.

• ,yq;if gy;ypd r%fq;fisf; nfhz;l xU ehL vd;w tifapy; ,q;F

thOk; gy;NtW ,df;FOf;fSk; jkf;nfdj; jdpj;jdpahd fyhrhug;

ghuk;gupaq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJ NghyNt> ,e;j ehl;by; thOfpd;w

K];ypk;fSk; jdpj;Jtk; kpf;f fyhrhuk; xd;wpd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfshf ,Ue;J

tUfpd;wdu;.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhug; ghuk;ghpaq;fs; Vida ,dj;jtHfspd;

fyhrhu mk;rq;fspypUe;J NtWgl;L epw;fpd;wd. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; K];ypk;fspd;

tho;tpay; mk;rq;fspy; ,];yhk; Kjd;ikahd gq;if tfpg;gjhFk;. mjhtJ

K];ypk;fspd; khHf;fkhd ,];yhj;jpypUe;J mtHfsJ tho;tpay; nraw;ghL

fisg; gphpf;f KbahjpUg;gjhFk;.

• mugpfspd; tHj;jfj;ij ikakhff; nfhz;L Njhw;wk; ngw;w ,yq;ifapd;

Muk;g K];ypk; FbNaw;wq;fs; fiuNahuq;fspNyNa mike;jpUe;jd. ,t;thW

mike;j FbNaw;wg; gpuNjrq;fspnyy;yhk; k];[pNjhL ,ize;jjhf ~Fj;jhg;|

vdg;gl;l FHMd; ghlrhiyfis mikj;jdH.

• ,d;iwa epiyapy; ,yq;ifapy; Muk;gkhf epWtg;gl;l ve;jnthU k];[pijAk;

fhz;gjw;fpy;iy. ,d;Ws;s k];[pj;fnsy;yhk; NghHj;Jf;Nfa Ml;rpf;Fg;

gpd;dH fl;lg;gl;litNa.


• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fl;llf; fiyg; ghuk;ghpakhdJ. k];[pj; fl;llf;

fiyapy; ,Ue;Nj Muk;gkhfpwJ. kp`;uhg;> kpdhuh> Fg;gh vd;gd k];[pj;

fl;llf; fiyapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fshFk;. ,tw;Ws; Fg;gh vdg;gl;l Fk;kl;lk;

gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; gpw ehLfspy; ntt;NtW tbtq;fisg; ngw;W tsu;e;jhYk;

ek; ehl;by; mikf;fg;gl;l k];[pj;fspy; Fg;ghf;fs; mjpKf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw

tpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;LtUk; k];[pj;fspy;

Fg;ghf;fspy; kj;jpa fpof;fpd; fl;llf; fiyr; nry;thf;fpidf; fhzKbfpwJ.

kpdhuhTk; Fg;gh NghyNt mz;ikf; fhyq;fspy;jhd; ,q;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

ngw;W tUfpwJ.

• ,yq;if k];[pj; fl;llf;fiyg; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpf;Fk;

kw;wpU mk;rq;fs; kpk;gUk; kp`;uhGkhFk;. nghJthf ek;ehl;L k];[pJfs;

cs;gs;sp> ntspg;gs;sp vd ,UgFjpfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. cs;gs;spapy;

njhOif ,lk;ngw ntspg;gs;spapy; $l;lq;fSk; Vida tplaq;fSk;

(nksY}J> `p];G> uhjPG) ,lk;ngWk;. ,j;jifa mk;rq;fs; ,d;W

mUfptUtij fhz;fpNwhk;. k];[pj; fl;llf;fiyg; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; muG

vOj;Jf;fspdhyhd Ntiyg;ghLfisf; nfhz;l `t;y; Kf;fpa ,lk;

tfpj;jhYk; ,yq;if k];[pJfspy; fhzg;gLk; `t;y;fspy; ,j;jifa

Ntiyg;ghLfisf; fhz;gjw;fpy;iy. nfhOk;G rk;kd;Nfhl;L k];[pjpy;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s ̀ t;y; khj;jpuk; kNyrpa kw;Wk; ,e;jpaf; fiy mk;rq;fspd;

nry;thf;Ff;F cl;gl;ljhf mike;Js;sij fhzyhk;.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu gz;ghl;L mk;rq;fspy; ghurPf nry;thf;if

tpl mNugpa nry;thf;Nf kpifj;Jf; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; rkfhy

R+o;epiyapy; ,j;jdpj;Jt epiyapy; rupT Vw;gl;LtUtij mtjhdpf;f

KbfpwJ. ek;ehl;L K];ypk;fSs; kpfg; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; \hgp kj;`g;

gpuptpdiu rhh;e;NjhuhfTk; m`;Y]; ]_d;dhit rhu;e;NjhuhfTNk ,Ue;J

tUfpd;wdh;. tzpf Nehf;fpy; njw;F> njd;fpof;fhrpa ehLfSf;F tUifje;j

mNugpah; kpfg; ngUk;ghYk; \hgp kj;ìgr; rhh;e;Njhuha; ,Ue;jik

,jw;fhd mbg;gilahf ,Ue;jpUf;f KbAk;.

• 19Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gf; $Wfspy; ,yq;if K];ypk; fl;llf;fiyg;

ghuk;gupaj;jpy; k];[pJfSf;F Nkyjpfkhf ]htpah> jf;fpah> ju;`hf;fs;

vd;w mk;rq;fSk; Nru;e;J nfhz;ld. ,f;fhyg; guptpy; Vw;gl;l #gpj;

juPf;fhf;fspd; nry;thf;Nf ,it Njhd;wf; fhuzkhf mike;jd. rh]_ypah

juPf;fhtpd; mD\;lhd kj;jpa epiyak; ~]htpah| vdTk;> fhjpupah juPf;fhtpd;

mD\;lhd kj;jpa epiyak; ~jf;fpah| vdTk; miof;fg;gl;ld.

• ,yq;if tho; K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu gz;ghl;Lg; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; juPf;fhf;fs;

ghupa msT nry;thf;if Vw;gLj;jpd. fhjpupa;ah> rh]_ypa;ah> upgh,a;ah>

ef;\ge;jpa;ah Nghd;w juPf;fhf;fs; ek;ehl;Lf;F mwpKfkhapd. khg;gps;is

nyg;ig Mypk;> fPof;fiu mg;Jy; fhjpu; ijf;fh ]h p̀g; Nghd;Nwhh; fhjpupa;ah

juPf;fhit ,yq;ifapy; ];jhgpj;jdh;. gpf;`;> j]t;Tg;> mfPjh njhlh;ghf

,th;fs; vOjp ntspapl;l E}y;fs; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; Md;kPf rpe;jidg;

Nghf;fpy; fzprkhdsT ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpd. ,t;thNw Vida juPf;fhf;fSk;

mwpKfkhapd.

19Mk; E}w;whz;by; ,yq;ifia juprpf;f te;j #gp kfhd;fs; ,e;ehl;L

K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu gz;ghl;baypy; kfj;jhd gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sij

vtUk; kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. ,f;fhyg; gpuptpy; akDf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; ,ilNa


fyhrhu uPjpahf neUf;fkhd cwT ,Ue;J te;jJ. mg;Jy;yh ,g;D ghjpg;

my; akdp vd;w akd; ehl;L #gp kfhd; xUtupd; mlf;f];jyKk; ,e;ehl;by;

mike;jpUg;gJ Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

• Nghh;j;Jf;Nfah; tUifNahL ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu jdpj;Jtj;jpw;F

ngUk; mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gl;lNghJ me;j mgha epiyapy; ,Ue;J K];ypk;fis

ghJfhf;f cjtpaJ njd;dpe;jpahNthL Vw;gl;l tu;j;jf fyhrhu cwTfNs.

Nghu;j;Jf;Nfah;> mJtiu mNugpahNthL ,Ue;J te;j ePz;l fhy cwitj;

Jz;bj;jNghJ NtW topapd;wp ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; ,e;jpahTld;

njhlu;Gfisg; Ngzyhapdh;. njd;dpe;jpauJk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fsJk; jha;

nkhopahfj; jkpo; mike;jpUe;jik ,j;njhlu;G tYthdjha; miktjw;fhd

Kf;fpa fhuzpahFk;. ,j;njhlu;gpd; gpujhd fyhrhu> gz;ghl;bd; tpisNt

muGj; jkpopd; Njhw;wkhFk;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,U rhuhuJk; nghJthd

fyhrhu nkhopahf ,J tsu;r;rp fz;lJ.

• njd;dpe;jpa K];ypk;fs; muGj; jkpopy; vOjp ntspapl;l E}y;fs; ,yq;if

K];ypk;fspilNa gpugy;akile;jd. ,yq;ifapy; khu;f;fg; gzpGupe;j

njd;dpe;jpa mwpQh; khg;gps;is nyg;ig Mypk; vOjpa “kfhdp”> “gj;`_j;

nja;ahd;” Kjyhd E}y;fs; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspilNa ,];yhkpa flikfs;

njhlu;ghd tplaq;fis mwpaTk; mtw;iw nraw;gLj;jTk; Jiznra;jd.

,tu; muGj;jkpopy; nkhopngau;j;J ntspapl;l “Fj;gh” k];[pJfspy;

nts;spf;fpoik Fj;gh nrhw;nghopTfSf;fhf gutyhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.

muGj;jkpopd; tsu;r;rpf;F gq;fspg;G nra;j mwpQh;fSs; nra;F K];jgh>

f]htj;ij Mypk; mg;gh Gyth; Nghd;wth;fs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fs;. mtuJ

gilg;Gf;fSs; f]Pjhf;fs;> ku;]pah vdg;gLk; ,uq;fw;ghf;fs;> ciueil

E}y;fs; Nghd;wd rpwg;ghff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.

• ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu tho;tpy; juPf;fhf;fs; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpj;jjd;

fhuzkhf mtw;wpd; Md;kPf mD\;lhd topKiwfs; ngUk;ghYk; jf;fpahf;

fisAk; ]htpahf;fisAk; ikakhff; nfhz;Nl ,lk;ngw;wd. uhjPG> tpUJ

(cjhuzk;: uhjpGy; `j;jhj;> `p];Gy; g`;u;) vd;gd juPf;fhf;fsJ Md;kPf

topghl;L KiwfSs; rpythFk;. ,tw;iw ikakhf itj;Nj ek;ehl;L

K];ypk;fspd; khu;f;f nraw;ghLfSk; fyhrhu gz;GfSk; rpe;jidg;

Nghf;FfSk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld. ,j;jifa mbg;gilfis ,yq;if

K];ypk;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; tsu;g;gjpy; #gp mwpQh;fspd; E}y;fSk;

gq;fspg;Gf;fisr; nra;Js;sd.

• ,khk; f];]hypapd; gpjhaJy; `pjhah> fPof;fiu n]a;aJ K`k;kJ

Mypkhy; muGj; jkpopy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;lJ. uhjPGy; `j;jhij E}`;

nyg;ig Mypk; nkhopahf;fk; nra;jhu;.

,d;iwa #o;epiyapy; rkfhy ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; fyhrhu> Md;kPf>

gz;ghl;baypd; tsu;r;rpapy; etPd fhy ,];yhkpa ,af;fq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fs;

gq;fspg;Gr; nra;J tUfpd;wd.

,tw;Wf;F mg;ghy; K];ypk; cyfpy; ,];yhkpa mikg;Gf;fSk; mit

ntspapLfpd;w E}y;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> ,Wtl;Lf;fSk; ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd;

fhyhrhu tbtikg;gpy; rpe;jidapYk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jptUtijAk;

fhzKbfpwJ.



gb gb gb gb gb I K];ypk;fs; ,yq;if Njrj;jpw;F Mw;wpa gq;fspg;Gf;fspy; Fwpg;ghd

rpytw;iw vLj;J tpsf;Fq;fs;

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis ,uz;L FOf;fshf gpupj;J> ~~Rje;jpuj;jpw;F Ke;jpa

K];ypk;fspd; Njrpa gq;fspg;Gf;fis tpl Rje;jpuj;jpw;F gpe;jpa gq;fspg;G

FiwthdNj.|| ,j;jiyg;gpy; xl;bAk; ntl;bAk; ciuahLtjw;F

Njitahd jfty;fis jpul;l khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb III khztu; kd;wj;jpy; mtu;fspilNa tpthjnkhd;iw Vw;ghL nra;J

elhj;Jq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV Fiwepug;Gr; nra;J khztu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;F fzpg;G toq;Fq;fs;


• Rf;up vk;.V.vk;> (2000)> ,yq;if K];ypk;fs; njhd;ikf;fhd tuyhw;Wg;ghij> nfhOk;G> V.N[.gpupd;lu;];>

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;> (2010)> ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; kWkyu;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lKd;Ndhbfs;> n`k;khjfik> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;> (2000)> K];ypk;fs; tsu;;j;j mwptpay;> mofpaw; fiyfs;n`k;khjfk> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;> (2000)> ,yq;if K];ypk;fspd; tuyhWk;> fyhrhuKk;>n`k;khjfk> my;`]dhj; gjpg;gfk;.

• m]P]; V.vk;.V> (2007)> ,yq;ifapy; ,];yhk;> nfhOk;G> Fkud; Gj;jf ,y;yk;

ntspaPL.

• mg;Ju; u`Pk;> (2006)> ,];yhkpa fiyf; fsQ;rpak; gFjp I, II > nrd;id>

AdpNth;]y; gg;sp\];.

• m]P]; I.vy;.vk;.V> ,yq;if Nrhdfh; ,d tuyhW> nfhOk;G> Nrhdf ,];yhkpa

fyhrhu epiyak;.

• fkhy;jPd; v];.vk;. (1990)> fyhepjp Gu;fhDj;jPd; [hah> kùfk> Nj.f.ep.


Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0 ::::: jdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpa

rl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJ

tho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thH.....

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 8.18.18.18.18.1 ::::: jdpkdpj FLk;g tho;tpw;fhd ,];yhkpa mZFKiwia

gpuNahfpj;J FLk;g tho;it rpwg;ghf mikj;Jf; nfhs;thH.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l jdpkdpj FLk;g tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,];yhkpa

Nehf;fpy; Mjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghH.

l jpUkzk;> jpUkz tpyf;F> ,j;jh gw;wpa rl;l jpl;lq;fis

\hpMtpd; epoypy; tpsf;fp vOJthH

l fztd;-kidtp> ngw;NwhH-gps;is flik chpikfis

FHMd;> ]{d;dhtpypUe;J Mjhuk; fhl;b ,dq;fhz;ghH.

l cwtpdH - mayhuJ flik chpikfis mwpe;J

njhopw;gLthH.


l jdp kdpjDk; FLk;gKk;jdp kdpjDk; FLk;gKk;jdp kdpjDk; FLk;gKk;jdp kdpjDk; FLk;gKk;jdp kdpjDk; FLk;gKk;

l jdpj;j XH Mz; my;yJ xU ngz; jdpkdpjd; vd;w tiuaiwf;Fs;

tUfpd;whd;. ,j;jdpkdpjd; fl;blj;jpd; xU fy;iyg; Nghd;wtdhthd;.

l jdpkdpjHfisf; nfhz;L FLk;gk; vd;w myFk; FLk;gq;fisf; nfhz;L

r%fk; vd;w fl;llKk; cUthfpd;wd.

l ,];yhk; rpwe;j r%f cUthf;fj;ij ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;l khHf;fk; vd;w

tifapy; mJ jdpkdpjDf;Ff; $ba Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

l <khd;> ,ghjh> mf;yhf; Nghd;w mbg;gil mk;rq;fspD}lhf ,];yhk;

jdpkdpjHfis cUthf;fg; gapw;rpaspf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gapw;rpiag; ngWtJ

jdpkdpjdpd; flikahFk;. mJNt ‘gHS Id;’ vdg;gLfpd;wJ.

l kWikapy; kdpjHfs; my;yh`;tpd; Kd;dpiyapy; jdpkdpjHfshfNt

tprhhpf;fg;gLthHfs;.

* “ve;j xU kdpjDk; ,d;ndhU kdpjdpd; Rikiar; Rkf;f KbahJ”

(6:164)

* “ahH XH mZg;gpukhd ed;ik nra;fpwhNuh mtH mijf; fz;L nfhs;thH.

,d;Dk; ahH XH mZg; gpukhzksT jPik nra;fpwhNuh mtH mjidAk;

fz;L nfhs;thH” (99:7-8)

* “ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; nghWg;ghsHfs;. cq;fs; nghWg;igg; gw;wp (jdpj;

jdpahf) tprhhpf;fg;gLtPHfs;” (G`hup)

l kdpjd; gytPdkhdtd; vd;wtifapy; mtd; jdpkdpjdhf epd;W mtdJ

flikfis epiwNtw;wp ntw;wpailtJ rpukrhj;jpakhifahy; ,];yhk;

$l;L tho;f;ifapy; MHt%l;Lfpd;wJ.


* “jdpj;Jr; nry;Yk; Ml;il Xeha; gpbg;gJ Nghy $l;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J

gphpe;J nry;Yk; jdpkdpjHfis irj;jhd; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;thd;.||

* “my;yh`;tpd; cjtpf;fuk; $b tho;NthUlNdNa ,Uf;fpwJ.”

l FLk;gk;FLk;gk;FLk;gk;FLk;gk;FLk;gk;

l XH MZk; ngz;Zk; rl;l hPjpahf kzKbg;gjd; %yk; FLk;gk; cUthfpd;wJ.

mtHfSld; mtHfspd; gps;isfs; ,uj;j cwtpd; %yNkh my;yJ ghy;Fb

cwtpd; %yNkh Vida cWg;gpdHfs; xd;wpizfpd;w NghJ FLk;gk;

tphptilfpd;wJ.

l jpUkz cwT> ,uj;j cwT> ghy;Fb cwT my;yhj NtW ve;j tpjkhd

epiyapYk; FLk;gk; miktij ,];yhk; Mjhpg;gjpy;iy. (jj;njLj;jy;>

jtwhd ghYwtpd; %yk; Foe;ij ngWjy; Nghd;wd)

l FLk;g cUthf;fj;jpy; my;yh`; itj;Js;s mbg;gilahd ,aw;if epajp>

Mz; ngz; vd;w vjpHg;ghyhd jdpkdpjHfs; rl;lg+Htkhd gq;fhspfshf

,iztjhFk;. ,e;epajpf;F khw;wkhfr; nray;gLtJ kdpj rKjhaj;Jf;Nf

NflhdjhFk;.

l etPd Afj;jpy; ‘FLk;gk;’ vDk; mbj;jsj;ij rpijj;Jr; rpd;dh gpd;dkhf;Fk;

rpe;jidfs; nry;thf;Fg; ngWtjd; fhuzkhf> fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghd FLk;g

mikg;igg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba Njit mjpfkhf czug;gl;Ls;sJ. cyf

Rfhjhu mikg;G 1994Mk; Mz;il rHtNjr FLk;g ey Mz;lhf mwptpg;Gr;

nra;jJld; xt;nthU tUlKk; Nk khjk; 15Mk; jpfjpia rHtNjr FLk;g

jpdkhfg; gpufldg;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

l ,];yhk; XH ,aw;if khHf;fk; vd;w tifapy;> mJ kdpj ,dtpUj;jpapy;

,aw;if tuk;ig kPwhky; nraw;gLk; epWtdkhf FLk;g mikg;Gf;F mjp$ba

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij toq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; ,];yhk; FLk;gk; rhHe;j

(Family oriented) khHf;fk; vd tHzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhk;> FLk;gkhf ,izAkhW jdpkdpjHfisj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd

fhuzk; mJ jdpkdpjidg; ghJfhf;Fk; muzhf nray;gLtNjahFk;.

l ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpy; xU FLk;gk; cUthf> gy FLk;gq;fs; Jiz

epw;fpd;wd. jdpahd xU FLk;gj;jpd; ghjpg;G gy FLk;gq;fspd; ,izg;ghd

rKjhaj;ijAk; ghjpf;fNt nra;Ak;. mNjNghy; xU FLk;gj;jpd; ntw;wp

me;jr; rKjhaj;jpd; ntw;wpahfTk; tsu KbAk;.

FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

l fztd; kidtp> ngw;NwhH gps;isfs;> cw;whH cwtpdH Mfpa gy

jug;gpdUk; xUtUf;nfhUtH nfhz;Lk; nfhLj;Jk; kfpo;r;rpahf thOk;

tho;f;ifNa FLk;g tho;f;ifahFk;.

l FLk;g tho;f;iff;F vjpuhd tho;f;if KiwNa JwtwkhFk;. ,];yhj;jpy;

Jwtwj;jpw;F ,lNk fpilahJ. mJ egp (]y;) mtHfspd; topKiwf;F

khw;wkhdJ. ,aw;iff;Nf KuzhdJ.

l ,];yhk; Jwtwj;ij kdpjHfs; cUthf;fpf; nfhz;l nraw;if topKiw

vd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ


“(cyfj;jpd; rfy ,d;gq;fisAk; Jwe;J tpLk;gbahd) Jwtpj; jdj;ij

ehk; mtu;fs; kPJ flikahf tpjpf;ftpy;iy. vdpDk;> my;yh`;tpd;

jpUg;nghUj;jj;ij mila tpUk;gp mtu;fNs mjid cz;Lgz;zpf;

nfhz;lhu;fs;. (57:27)

l c];khd; gpd; ko;Cd; (uop) vd;w egpj;NjhoH egp (]y;) mtHfis mZfp>

FLk;g tho;f;ifapy; <Lglhky; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhs;s mDkjp NfhhpaNghJ

egpatHfs; mjid epuhfhpj;jhHfs;. ~~egp (]y;) mtHfs; mtUf;F mDkjp

toq;fpapUe;jhy; ehq;fs; Mz;ik ePf;fk; nra;jpUg;Nghk;|| vd;W ]/J gpd;

mgP tf;fh]; (uop) mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. (G`hhp)

l my;yh`;> cs;sj;jpw;F mikjpiaAk; clypw;F MNuhf;fpaj;ijAk; jdJ

rl;lhPjpahd NrhbAld; NrHe;J tho;tjpNyNa itj;Js;shd;. vdNt kdpjd;

jdpj;J thOk;NghJ csNeha;f;F MshtJ NghyNt cly;hPjpahfTk; gy

ghjpg;Gf;fSf;F cs;shfpd;whd;.

“(ePq;fs; Nru;e;J thof; $ba cq;fs;) kidtpfis> ePq;fs; mtu;fsplk;

kdepk;kjp ngWtjw;fhf cq;fspypUe;Nj mtd; gilj;J> cq;fSf;fpilapy;

md;igAk; Nerj;ijAk; cz;Lgz;zpapUg;gJk; mtDila mj;jhl;rpfspy;

xd;whFk;.|| (30:21)

l MZk; ngz;Zk; ,aw;ifapNyNa Nrhbahfg; gilf;fg;gl;ltHfs;. vdNt

mr;Nrhbfs; FLk;gkhf xd;wpize;J thohjtiu mt;tpUtUk; KOik

ngWtjpy;iy.

l “kdpjHfNs cq;fs; ,ul;rfidg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd;jhd; cq;fs;

ahtiuAk; XH Mj;khtpy; ,Ue;J gilj;jhd;. Muk;gj;jpy; me;j xUtiug;

gilj;J mjpypUe;J mtUila kidtpiag; gilj;jhd;. mt;tpUtH %yKk;

mjpfkhd Mz;fisAk; (Nrhbahd) ngz;fisAk; gutr; nra;jhd;.” (4:1)

l FLk;g tho;tpd; %yk; kdpjd; jdf;F khj;jpuk; vd;w Raeyj;jpy; ,Ue;J

tpLgl;L jdJ gq;fhspahd kidtp gps;isfSf;Fk; vd;wthW rpe;jpj;J

nrayhw;Wfpd;whd;. ,jw;F my;yh`;tplj;jpy; rpwe;j ntFkjpfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

l “ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀tpd; ghijapy; nrytpLk; xU jPdhH> mbik tpLjiyf;fhf

nrytpLk; xU jPdhH> XH Viof;F jHkk; nra;Ak; xU jPdhH cq;fsJ

FLk;gj;Jf;fhf nrytpLk; xU jPdhH ,tw;Ws; mjpfkhd ed;ikfisg;

ngw;Wj;juf; $baJ FLk;gj;jpw;fhf nrytplg;gl;l jPdhNuahFk;.” (K];ypk;)

l FLk;g tho;f;ifapd; %yk; xUtd; my;yJ xUj;jp nghWg;Gs;s kdpjdhf

khWfpd;whd;. ,jdhy; mtdJ tho;f;if xOq;FgLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

l kdf;fl;Lg;ghL> re;jjp tpUj;jp> ghpRj;jk;> ghJfhg;G> nfsutk;> MNuhf;fpak;

Nghd;w gy gad;fs; jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fpd;wd vd;gij `jP];fs;

vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

l `yhyhd Kiwapy; ,r;iriaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; NghJ mjw;Fk;

my;yh`;tplk; ew;$yp ,Uf;fpd;wJ.


l egpj;NjhoHfs; my;yh`;tpd; J}jhplk; tpdtpdhHfs;. “xUtd; jdJ

kidtpAld; jd; Miriaj; jPHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; ed;ikAz;lh? mjw;F

egpatHfs;: mij ùhkhd Kiwapy; jPHj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ghtk; fpilf;F

ky;yth? mt;thwhapd; ̀ yhyhd topapy; jPHj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ed;ikAz;L.”

(K];ypk;)

l xU kdpjd; clypd;gj;ijg; ngwTk;> md;igg; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;sTk; Foe;ij

fshy; fz;FspHr;rp ngwTk; KJikapy; guhkhpf;fg;glTk; FLk;g tho;f;if

xd;Nw KOikahf cj;juthjkspf;fpd;wJ.

l FLk;g tho;f;if %yk; MZk; ngz;Zk; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;whHfs;.

l tpthfk;tpthfk;tpthfk;tpthfk;tpthfk;

l tpthfj;ijf; Fwpf;f mugpapy; “epfh ;̀’ vd;w nrhy; gad;gLfpd;wJ. ‘epfh ;̀’

vd;gjd; mfuhjpg; nghUs; jpUkz xg;ge;jk; nra;jy;> kidtpAld; cly;

hPjpahf xd;wpizjy; vd;gdthFk;.

l FLk;gkhf ,ize;J tho;tjw;fhf \hPmj; tpjpj;Js;s epge;jidfisg;

Ngzp XH MZf;Fk;> ngz;Zf;Fkpilapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w cld;

gbf;ifNa jpUkzkhFk;.

l tpthfk;jhd;> FLk;g tho;f;iff;F thapyhf mikfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhj;jpd; ghHitapy; tpthfk; xU tzf;fkhFk;. mjDld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l

xt;nthU nraw;ghl;Lf;Fk; ew;$ypAz;L. my;FHMDk; Rd;dhTk; ,t;tzf;

fj;jpd; ghy; MHt%l;Lfpd;wd.

l “cq;fspy; tho;f;ifj; Jiz ,y;yhNjhHf;F jpUkzk; nra;J itAq;fs;.”

(24:32)

l “thypgHfNs! cq;fspy; gyKs;stHfs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sTk;. Vnddpy;

mJ ghHitiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> fw;igg; NgzTk; rpwe;jjhFk;. rf;jpapy;yhj

tH Nehd;G Nehw;fTk;. mJ mtUf;Fg; ghJfhg;ghFk;.” (G`hhp)

l ,];yhkpa \hpmj;jpd; %d;W nghJ Nehf;Ffshd s&upa;ahj;> ̀ h[pa;ahj;>

j`;]Pdpa;ahj; vd;gtw;Ws; \hPmj;jpd; kpf mbg;gil Nehf;fkhfpa

s&upa;ahj;jpy; cs;slq;Fk; Ie;J tplaq;fspy; guk;giuiag; ghJfhj;Jg;

NgzYk; xd;whfpd;wJ. ,t;tifapy; jpUkzk; \hPmj;jpy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg;

ngWfpd;wJ.

l “tpthfk; vdJ topKiwiar; rhHe;jJ” vd;W egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpajpy;

,Ue;J mJ mbg;gilapy; ]{d;dh vd;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,Ug;gpDk;

MzpdJk; ngz;zpdJk; cly;> cs> nghUshjhu> r%f epiyiag; nghWj;J

th[pg;> Kgh`;> kf;&`;> ùhk;> vd;wthW rl;ltpjpKiwapd; ngWkhdk;

khWgLfpd;wJ.

l jpUkz tho;T epiyj;J epw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf ,];yhk; rPhpa

topfhl;ly;fis toq;FtJld;> tpthf cld;gbf;iff;fhd tpjpKiwfisAk;

njspTgLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd; %yk; Vida tpthf kuGfspy; ,Ue;J ,];yhkpa

kuG caHe;J tpsq;Ftij mtjhdpf;f KbfpwJ.


l tpthfj;Jld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpa eilKiwiaf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba

xOq;fpd;gb %d;W fl;lq;fshf tifg;gLj;jp Nehf;fyhk;.

1. jahuhFjy;

2. xg;ge;jk; (mf;J: jpUkzk; epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fupa epge;jidfs;)

3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;

01. jahuhFjy; Kjy; fl;lkhFk;. ,jpy;01. jahuhFjy; Kjy; fl;lkhFk;. ,jpy;01. jahuhFjy; Kjy; fl;lkhFk;. ,jpy;01. jahuhFjy; Kjy; fl;lkhFk;. ,jpy;01. jahuhFjy; Kjy; fl;lkhFk;. ,jpy;

– fztd; kidtp njhpT

– ngz; ghHj;jy;

– nghUj;jg;ghl;il mtjhdpj;jy; (my;Fg;c)

– kzkfd; / kzkfs; tpUg;gk; ngwy;

– jpUkzg; Ngr;RthHj;ij (my;̀ pj;gh) Nghd;w tplaq;fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.

l Kjy;fl;l eltbf;ifahf tho;f;ifj; Jizahf tUk; fztNdh kidtpNah

jpUkzk; Kbg;gjw;F mDkjpf;fg;gl;l m[;dgpahf ,Uf;fpd;whuh vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjhFk;.

l jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;l m[;dgpfisAk; mDkjpf;fg;glhj

k`;ukpfisAk; my;FHMd; kpfj; njspthf tpsf;fpAs;sJ. ghHf;f: (2:221)

(24:3)> (4: 21-24)

l “ngz; ehd;F fhuzq;fSf;fhf jpUkzk; Kbf;fg;gLfpd;whs;. mit nry;tk;>

moF> FLk;gk;> khHf;f czHT vd;gd. khHf;f czHT nfhz;l ngz;izNa

njhpT nra;Jnfhs;. mt;thW elf;ftpy;iyahapd; cd;id tWik gPbf;fl;Lk;.”

(G`hhp)

l KfPuh ,g;D \_/gh (uop) xU ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;a njhpT nra;jhHfs;.

mg;NghJ ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mtHfs;> ~~eP mtisg; ghHj;jhah|| vdf;

Nfl;lhHfs;. ~,y;iy| vd;W mtH gjpyspj;jNghJ ~~mtisg; ghH. mJ

cq;fs; njhlHigg; gyg;gLj;Jk;|| vdf; $wpdhu;fs;. (e]haP)

l xU fd;dpg; ngz; egpatHfsplk; te;J> jdJ je;ij mtuJ rNfhjudpd;

kfidj; -jhd; tpUg;gkpy;yhjNghJ- jdf;F jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhLj;Js;s

jhf Kiwapl;lhs;. ,iwj;J}jH (]y;) mg;ngz;iz mtsJ jdpg;gl;l

KbTf;F tpl;Ltpl;lhHfs;. mg;NghJ> ~~je;ij nra;Jitj;jij Vw;Wf;

nfhs;fpNwd;. MapDk; je;ijaHfSf;F ,t;tplaj;jpy; vj;jifa mjpfhuKk;

fpilahJ vd;gijg; ngz;fSf;F czHj;jNt ehd; tpUk;gpNdd;|| vd;whs;.

(,g;Dkh[h)

l fd;dpg; ngz;zplk; mDkjp Nfhug;gl Ntz;Lk;. mts; nksdkhf ,Ug;gNj

mtsJ mDkjpahFk;. (K];ypk;)

l “jpUkz tpUg;gj;ij ePq;fs; kiwKfkhf mwptpg;gjdhNyh my;yJ cq;fs;

kdq;fspy; ePq;fs; kiwthf itj;jpUg;gjpNyh cq;fs; kPJ Fw;wkpy;iy.”

(2:235)

l xU K/kpd; kw;w K/kpdpd; rNfhjudhthd;. mtd; jd; rNfhjudpd; tpah

ghuj;jpw;nfjpuhd Kiwapy; tpahghuk; nra;af;$lhJ. jd; rNfhjudpd;

jpUkzg; Ngr;Rf;F vjpuhfj; jpUkzk; NgrTk; $lhJ. (K];ypk;)


02. xg;ge;jk; (jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfs;)02. xg;ge;jk; (jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfs;)02. xg;ge;jk; (jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfs;)02. xg;ge;jk; (jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfs;)02. xg;ge;jk; (jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fhpa epge;jidfs;)

l ,];yhk; cld;gbf;iffis mtw;Wf;Fhpa epge;jidfisg; Ngzp

epiwNtw;WkhW $Wfpd;wJ.

l “tpRthrpfNs xg;ge;jq;fis epiwNtw;Wq;fs;” (5: 1)

l “K];ypk;fs; mtHfsJ \Hj;Jf;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Ff; flikg;ghLila

tHfs;” (mg+jht+j;)

l jpUkzKk; GdpjkhdnjhU cld;gbf;ifahf ,Ug;gjdhy; mjd; \Hj;Jf;fs;

my;yJ epge;jidfs; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jpUkzk; epiwNtWtjw;Fj;

NjitahNdhUk;> nray;ghLk;

1. kzkfd;> kzkfs;

2. typ

3. \h`pJfs;

4. <[hg;> fg+y;

l kzkfd;> kzkfs; gw;wpa tplaj;jpy; jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;

(m[;dgpfs;) jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhH (k`;ukpfs;) gw;wpa

tplak; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhjtHfis

mwptjD}lhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltHfis ,dq;fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;.

l k`;ukpfs; ,uz;L gphptpduhf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdH.

1. epue;ju k`;ukpfs;

2. jw;fhypf k`;ukpfs;

l ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fspy; rpyH Mz;fspy; rpyiu kzKbg;gJ epue;jukhfNt

jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J %d;W fhuzq;fspdhy; cUthfpd;wJ.

- ,uj;j cwT> jpUkz cwT> ghy;Fb cwT

l ,uj;j cwtpdhy; jpUkz Kbf;f ùhkhf;fg;gl;ltHfs;

1. gpwg;gpd; fhuzkhf jha;> jhapd; jha;. ,t;tifapy; NkYaHe;J nry;Yk;

cwT KiwapdH

2. ngw;nwLj;j gps;isfs;> gps;isfspd; gps;isfs; vd;wthW fPopwq;fpr;

nry;Yk; cwT KiwapdH

3. nrhe;jj; jha; je;ijaH my;yJ mtHfspy; xUtuJ gps;isfs;> mtHfsJ

gps;isfspd; gps;isfs; vd;wthW fPopwq;fpr; nry;Yk; cwT KiwapdH.

mjhtJ jdJ nrhe;jr; rNfhjhpfs;> mtHfsJ gps;isfs; vd;Nghiu

,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

4. nrhe;jg;ghl;ld; ghl;bapd; gps;isfs; ,J KjyhtJ fl;lj;NjhL epd;WtpL

fpd;wJ. mjhtJ jhapd; my;yJ je;ijapd; rNfhjhpfisj; jpUkz

Kbg;gJ $lhJ. Mdhy; mtHfsJ gps;isfisj; jpUkzk; Kbg;gJ

mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.


l jpUkz cwthy; kzKbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhH

1. kidtpiag; ngw;nwLj;NjhH> kidtpapd; jhapd; jha; vd;wthW NkYaHe;J

nry;Yk; cwT KiwapdH

2. clYwT nfhz;l kidtpapd; gps;isfs;> kidtpapd; gps;isfspd;

gps;isfs; vd;wthW fPopwq;fpr; nry;Yk; cwT KiwapdH

3. kfdpd; kidtp> jdJ kfdpd; kfdpd; kidtp> kfspd; kfdpd; kidtp>

,e;j mbg;gilapy; njhlHe;J fPopwq;fpr; nry;Yk; cwT KiwapdH

4. je;ijapd; kidtp

l ghy;Fb fhuzkhfj; jpUkzk; Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhH

“,uj;j cwthy; jpUkz cwT itf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhNu ghy;FbahYk;

jpUkz cwT itf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhuhtH” (Gfhhp)

1. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;

2. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;zpd; jha;

3. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;zpd; fztdpd; jha;

4. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;zpd; rNfhjhp

5. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;zpd; fztdpd; rNfhjhp

6. ghy; nfhLj;j ngz;zpd; gps;isfSk; gps;isfspd; gps;isfSk;

7. xU ngz;zplj;jpy; ghy; Fbj;j tifapy; cwthFk; rNfhjhp

l jw;fhypfkhf jpUkz Kbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhNjhH

1. Vf fhyj;jpNy ,U rNfhjhpfis kidtpfshff; nfhs;sy;

2. xU ngz;izAk; mtsJ je;ijapd; rNfhjhpiaAk; Vf fhyj;jpy;

kidtpfshff; nfhs;sy;

3. xU ngz;izAk; mtsJ jhapd; rNfhjhpiaAk; Vf fhyj;jpy;

kidtpahff; nfhs;sy;

4. khw;whd; kidtpahf ,Uf;Fk; xU ngz;

5. %d;W Kiw jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l ngz; Kjw;fztDf;Fj; jw;fhypfkhfj;

jpUkzKbf;f mDkjpf;fg;glhjtshths;

6. K\;hpf;fhd ngz;

7. tpgr;rhhpfs; : tpgr;rhhpfs; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;L ,g;ghtr; nraypypUe;J

Kw;wpYk; ePq;fp J}a;ikAld; tho;e;jhy; mtHfisj; jpUkz Kbg;gJ

`yhyhf KbAk;.

l jw;fhypf k`;ukpfs; jpUkzk; jtpu;e;j Vida midj;J tplaq;fspYk;

m[;dgpfspd; rl;lq;fSf;Nf cl;gLtu;.

l Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l k ;̀ukpfs; my;yhjtHfis mjhtJ m[;dgpfisj; jpUkz

Kbf;Fk;NghJ kzg;ngz;> kzkfs; Mfpa ,UthplKk; gpd;tUk;

,yl;rzq;fs; ,Ug;gJ tpUk;gj;jf;fnjd `jP];fs; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd.


l kzg;ngz; : kfg;Ngw;Wg; ghf;fpak;> Gj;jprhJhpak;> khHf;f gf;jp> nfsutkhd

FLk;gk;> moF> fd;dpg; ngz;

l kzkfd; : khHf;f gf;jp> rpwe;j fy;tp> nghUshjhu trjp> FLk;g me;j];j;J>

rpwe;j MSik> kyl;Lj; jd;ikapy;yhik> md;Gs;sk;> moF

l Nkw;gb rl;ltpjpfSf;fika gpd;tUk; epge;jidfSf;F cl;gl;ltHfshf

kzkfDk;> kzkfSk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;

l kzkfd; : K];ypkha; ,Uj;jy;> rkfhyj;jpy; ehd;F kidtpaiu

itj;jpuhjtuhf ,Uj;jy;> kzg;ngz;Zf;F m[;dgpahf ,Uj;jy;> ̀ [;[{f;fhf

,`;uhk; jhpf;fhjtuhf ,Uj;jy;

l kzkfs; : K];ypkha; my;yJ J}a m`;Yy; fpjhghf ,Uj;jy;> khw;whd;

kidtpahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;> ,j;jh mD\;bf;fhjtuhapUj;jy;> `[;[{f;F

,`;uhk; jupf;fhjtuhapUj;jy;.

l typ : kzg;ngz;zpd; nghWg;GjhuHtyp : kzg;ngz;zpd; nghWg;GjhuHtyp : kzg;ngz;zpd; nghWg;GjhuHtyp : kzg;ngz;zpd; nghWg;GjhuHtyp : kzg;ngz;zpd; nghWg;GjhuH

l xU ngz; jpUkzk; Kbg;gjw;F nghWg;GjhuH xUtH ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mts; Rakhfj; jpUkzk; Kbf;fNth kw;nwhUtUf;Fj; jpUkzk; Kbj;J

itf;fNth KbahJ. jpUkz xg;ge;jk; epiwNtWtjw;Fg; nghWg;GjhuH

jpUkzj;ij elhj;jp itj;jy; xU \Hj;jhFk;. ,e;j \Hj;J ,y;yhtpl;lhy;

jpUkzk; epiwNtwhJ. ,JNt ngUk;ghyhd rl;l mwpQHfspd; fUj;jhFk;.

,jw;fhf mtHfs; Kd;itj;Js;s Mjhuq;fs;

l “<khd; nfhs;Sk; tiu cq;fs; ngz;fis ,izitg;NghUf;Fj; jpUkzk;

Kbj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk;.” (2 : 221)

l “nghWg;GjhuH ,d;wpj; jpUkzk; ,y;iy” (m`;kj;)

l xU ngz;zpd; jpUkzk; mtSf;F neUq;fpa cwthf cs;s nghWg;Gjhuhpd;

thHj;ij %yNk epiwNtWk;. mtH ,y;yhjNghJ J}u cwT nfhz;l

nghWg;Gjhuupd; thHj;ij %yk; epiwNtWk;. mtUk; ,y;iyahapd; ePjpgjpapd;

thHj;ijahy; epiwNtWk;. ,khk; \hgp (u`;) fUj;Jg;gb nghWg;GjhuH

fPo;tUk; xOq;fpy; miktu;.

1. je;ij

2. je;ijapd; je;ij

3. jha; je;ijapd; Clhf te;j rNfhjud;

4. je;ijapd; Clhf te;j rNfhjud;

5. jha; je;ijapd; Clhf rNfhjudpd; kfd;

6. rNfhjudpd; kfd;

7. je;ijapd; rNfhjud;

8. je;ijapd; rNfhjudpd; kfd;

9. ePjpgjp

l nghWg;GjhuH Gj;jpRthjPdKs;stuhfTk;> Rje;jpu GU\uhfTk;> gUt taij

mile;jtuhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. nghWg;GjhuH Fw;wkw;wtuhf ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jid fpilahJ.


\h`pJfs; \h`pJfs; \h`pJfs; \h`pJfs; \h`pJfs; / rhl;rpfs; rhl;rpfs; rhl;rpfs; rhl;rpfs; rhl;rpfs;

l jpUkzk; epiwNtwpajw;fhd Mjhuq;fNs rhl;rpfshtH. rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhky;

jpUkzk; nry;YgbahfhJ. ,JNt mNdfkhd ,khk;fsJ fUj;jhFk;.

,jw;fhd Mjhuq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:

“tpgr;rhhpfs;jhd; vj;jifa MjhuKk; ,d;wpj; jhkhfNt jpUkz xg;ge;jj;ij

epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;tH” (jpHkpjp)

“nghWg;GjhuH> ,U NeHikahd rhl;rpfs; ,d;wpj; jpUkzk; vd;gJ fpilahJ”

(jhuFj;dp)

l rhl;rpahf tUNthH Gj;jpRthjPdk; cs;stHfshfTk; gUt taij mile;j

tHfshfTk;> xg;ge;jj;jpd; ,U jug;gpduJk; Ngr;irf; tpsq;ff; $batHfshfTk;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rhl;rpfs; NeHikAilatHfshfTk;> ed;dlj;ij nfhz;ltu;

fshfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rhl;rpfs; K];ypkhfTk;> Rje;jputhdhfTk;

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. rhl;rpfs; Mz;fspy; ,Utuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

<[hg;> fg+y;<[hg;> fg+y;<[hg;> fg+y;<[hg;> fg+y;<[hg;> fg+y;

l jpUkz xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilg; gFjp Mz;> ngz; ,U rhuhuJk; gu];gu

jpUg;jpahFk;. jpUg;jp cs;sj;NjhL rhHe;j nrayhFk;. cs;sj;jpd; epiyia

my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW vtuhYk; mwpa KbahJ.

l csj;jpUg;jpia ntspf;fhl;l tha;nkhopNa rhjdkhFk;. jpUkz xg;ge;jj;jpy;

<LgLk; ,U gphptpdUk; jq;fs; jpUg;jpia nrhw;fspd; %yk; ntspapLtH.

xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,U rhuhupYk; Kjypy; NgRgtupd; tha; %y ntspg;ghL

jpUg;jpia cWjpg;gLj;jy;| (<[hg;) vdTk;> ,uz;lhtJ gphptpdupd; tha;

%y ntspg;ghL ~jpUg;jpAld; Vw;wy;| (fg+y;) vdTk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.

<[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd \Hj;Jf;fs;<[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd \Hj;Jf;fs;<[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd \Hj;Jf;fs;<[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd \Hj;Jf;fs;<[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd \Hj;Jf;fs;

1. xg;ge;jj;jpy; <LgLgtH xg;ge;jj;ij epfo;j;Jtjw;fhd g+uz jFjp

nfhz;ltuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. <[hg;> fg+y; xNu mkHtpy; ,lk;ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,izAk; ,UrhuhUk; jpUkz xg;ge;jk; epfo;tjw;fhd

thHj;ijg; gpuNahfq;fisr; nrtpkLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. <[hgpd; thHj;ijfSf;F Kuzhf fg+ypd; thHj;ijfs; mikaf;$lhJ.

l jpUkzk; vd;w fUj;ij nfhLf;Fk; ve;jr; nrhy;yhYk; mJ ve;j nkhopapy;

mike;jhYk; jpUkzk; epiwNtWk;. <[higg; nghWj;jtiuapy; jpUkzk;

vd;w fUj;ij Neubahff; nfhLf;Fk; “]th[;” vd;w nrhw;fshYk; jpUkzk;

epiwNtWk;. fg+iyg; nghWj;jtiuapy; “Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;” vd;w fUj;ij

fhl;Lk; ve;j nrhy;yhf mikapDk; mJ epiwNtWk;. <[hg;> fg+Yf;fhd

nrhw;fs; mJ ,we;j fhy nrhw;gpuNahfkhf ,U gFjpapduhYk; gpuNahfpf;fg;

gl Ntz;Lk;. jpUkz xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd nrhw;gpuNahfq;fs; vj;jifa \Hj;ij

Ak; epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd vj;jifa fl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; nfhz;bUf;ff; $lhJ.


kù; my;yJ ]jhf;kù; my;yJ ]jhf;kù; my;yJ ]jhf;kù; my;yJ ]jhf;kù; my;yJ ]jhf;

l jpUkz xg;ge;jj;jpd;NghJ kzkfd; kzkfSf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;ba

fl;lhakhd nfhLg;gdit ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,jidg; gzkhfNth nghU

shfNth toq;fyhk;. ,Jgw;wp my;FHMd; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ. “ePq;fs;

(jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l) ngz;fSf;F mtHfSila ]jhf;if (my;yJ

kìu) kfpo;NthL nfhLj;J tpLq;fs;. mjpypUe;J VNjDnkhd;iw

kdKte;J mtHfs; cq;fSf;F nfhLj;jhy; mijj;jhuhskhf kfpo;Tld;

GrpAq;fs;” (4: 4)

l k`H njhifapidj; jPHkhdpg;gjw;F kzkfd; jdJ nghUshjhu trjp>

kzkfspd; Nfhhpf;if my;yJ ,Uthpd; gu];gu xg;ge;jk; vd;gtw;iw

mbg;gilahff; nfhs;syhk;. kìu clYwT nfhs;tjw;F Kd;dH toq;fp

tpLtJ rpwe;jjhFk;. kìu toq;fhky; tpLtJk;> toq;fpaij jpUg;gp

thq;FtJk; ghtkhdjhFk;. kidtp jhdhf tpUk;gp mjid fztDf;Fr;

nryT nra;a KbAk;.

3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;3. gfpuq;fg;gLj;jy;

l tyPkhNt fztd; kidtpahf xd;W NrHe;jij gfpuq;fg;gLj;Jk; epfo;r;rpahf

mikfpd;wJ. tyPkh vd;gJ jpUkzj;jpd; gpd;dH kzkfd; nfhLf;Fk;

tpUe;jhFk;. ,jw;F cwtpdH> ez;gH> maytH> Vio> nry;te;jH Nghd;w

vy;NyhUk; miof;fg;gLtJ rpwe;jJ.

l egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: ~~jpUkzj;ij gfpuq;fg;gLj;jp mwptpAq;fs;.||

l ~~cq;fspy; xUtH kztpUe;jpw;F miof;fg;gl;lhy; mtH mjw;Fr; nrd;W

tpll;Lk;.|| (G`hhp)

l jpUkz ge;jj;jpy; ,ize;J nfhz;l GJj;jk;gjpapdiu tho;j;Jf; $wp

kfpo;tpg;gJ Rd;dj;jhd eilKiwahFk;.

tpthf tpyf;Ftpthf tpyf;Ftpthf tpyf;Ftpthf tpyf;Ftpthf tpyf;F

l jpUkzj;Jf;F rl;lq;fSk; tpjpKiwfSk; fhzg;gLtJ Nghy kz KwpTf;Fk;

rl;lq;fSk; tpjpKiwfSk; tFg;gl;Ls;sd. ,];yhk;> jpUkz Kbj;j MZk;

ngz;Zk; gu];guk; Ghpe;JzHNthL ,d;gkhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw

vjpHg;ghu;f;fpd;wJ. vd;whYk; rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,y;yw tho;it epiwNtw;W

tjw;Fj; jilfs; Vw;gLfpd;wNghJ my;yJ ,UtUf;Fkpilapy; fUj;

njhw;Wik epythj NghJ my;yJ FLk;g tho;it elhj;j ngsjpf epiyfs;

jilahf mikfpd;w NghJ my;yJ ,UtUk; ,ize;J tho Kbahj

msTf;F Neha;fNsh NtW ,ila+WfNsh Vw;gLfpd;wNghJ jpUkz

xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyfpf; nfhs;tjw;F toq;fg;gl;l rYifNa jyhf;

MFk;. vd;whYk; gpur;rpidfspd;NghJ xUtiu xUtH rkhspj;J gpur;rpidf;

fhd jPHit ,dq;fz;L FLk;g tho;it njhlHe;J elhj;jpr; nry;tjw;F

top fhz;gNj rpwe;jjhFk;.

l nghJthf jpUkzj;jpd; Nehf;fk;> epk;kjpahd> ,d;gkhd FLk;g tho;it

elhj;jp mjD}lhf rpwe;j re;jjpnahd;iw Njhw;Wtpg;gjhFk;. ,t;thwhd

Nehf;fq;fis mile;J nfhs;tjw;Fj; jilahf mike;j jpUkz ge;jq;fis

njhlur; nra;tjpy; mu;j;jk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhJ. ,jdhy; Kuz;ghLfSk;

rpf;fy;fSk; ghjfkhd #o;epiyfSNk Njhd;Wk;. ntWg;Gk; tpuf;jpAk; cw;w


,tu;fs; gpioahd topfis ehlTk; KbAk;. ,j;jifa xU #o;epiyapy;

jpUkzj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; epiwNtw;wg;glhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; jpUkz

xg;ge;jq;fspy; ,Ue;J tpyfp kWkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhd xU tha;g;ghfNt

jyhf; mikfpd;wJ.

l fpwp];jt rkaj;jpy; jyhf; nrhy;tJ ùhkhf;fg;gl;bUfpd;wJ. xU ngz;

jd; fztDf;F JNuhfk; nra;J> gLf;ifia khRgLj;jp tpl;lhy; $l

mtSlNd ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fpwp];jtk; $Wfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,];yhk;

,jw;F khw;wkhd epahakhd fhuzq;fSf;fhf jpUkz xg;ge;jj;jpy; ,Ue;J

jk;ik tpLtpj;J nfhs;s tha;g;ig toq;fpAs;sJ.

l a`{jpfsplj;jpy; vj;jifa fhuzKkpd;wp ngz;id jyhf; nra;J tplyhk;.

mofhd xU ngz;iz kz Kbg;gjw;fhf Ke;ija kidtpfis jyhf;

nra;tjpy; vj;jifa jtiwAk; mtHfs; fhz;gjpy;iy. ,t;thNw [h`pypa;

ahf; fhyj;jpy; xNu ngz;iz gyKiw Ntz;LkhdhYk; jyhf; nrhy;yp

tpl;L kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; kzKbf;Fk; epiy fhzg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwd epiyia

,];yhk; mq;fPfhpf;ftpy;iy.

l ,];yhk; jyhf;if mDkjpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; tpUg;gj;Jld; mjid mD

kjpf;ftpy;iy. Njitiag; nghWj;J khj;jpuNk mJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

Njitapd;wp jyhf; nrhy;tNj `yhyhdtw;Ws; my;yh`;Tf;F kpfTk;

ntWg;ghdJ MFk;.

l “ngz;fis mDgtpg;gjpy; Mir nfhz;L mjpfkhf jyhf; nrhy;gtid

my;yh ;̀ rgpf;fpwhd;.” “Mz;fsplk; tpthf tpLjiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ngz;fs;

Kdhgpf;FfshtH|| vd;W egpatHfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;. vdNt ,];yhj;ijg;

nghWj;jkl;by; jyhf; vd;gJ my;yh`;tplj;jpy; ntWg;ghd xU nrayhFk;.

kpf mrhjhuz #o;epiyfspy;> kztho;T rPuhf elg;gjw;Fj; jilahff;

fhzg;gLfpd;w re;jHg;gq;fspy; khj;jpuNk ,jid ,];yhk; mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.

l kzKwpnthd;W Vw;glf; $lhnjd;gjw;fhfNt jpUkzj;jpw;F Kd;dH ,];yhk;

rpy tpjpKiwfis filg;gpbf;f topfhl;bapUf;fpwJ. jpUkzg; Ngr;Rthu;j;ij>

kzg;nghUj;jk; ghHj;jy; vd;gd ,tw;wpy; Kf;fpakhditfshFk;. jpUkz

tho;tpy; Eioe;j gpd; kzKwpT Vw;glhjpUf;fTk; ,];yhk; topfhl;bAs;sJ.

l ~~cq;fs; kidtpauplj;jpy; ePq;fs; ntWf;ff;$ba xU jPa gz;igf; fz;lhy;

mtsplk; fhzg;glf;$ba ey;y gz;nghd;iwg; ghu;j;J jpUg;;jpg;gLq;fs;||

vd;W egpatHfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhHfs;.

l FLk;g tho;tpy; ntWg;Gf;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;w NghJ vt;thW ele;Jnfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vd;gij my;Fu;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;bapUf;fpwJ.

l gpur;rpidfisAk; epiyikfisAk; vLj;Jr;nrhy;yp ey;y thu;j;ijfs;>

czu;t+l;Lk; cgNjrq;fs; Nghd;wtw;why; mtis rPu;jpUj;jp tpLtJ.

“mg;ngz;fs; cq;fSf;F khw;wkhf elg;ghHfs; vd;W mQ;rpdhy; mtHfSf;F

ey;YgNjrk; nra;Aq;fs;.” (4:34)

l mLj;J gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;J mtis xJf;fpitg;gjd; %yk; ey;topg;gLj;j

Kaw;rpg;gJ. KjyhtJ topKiw gadspf;fhj NghJ ,t;tpuz;lhk; top

Kiwiaf; ifahs Ntz;Lk;. ,J gw;wp my;FHMd; “mtu;fisg; gLf;ifap

ypUe;J tpyf;fp tpLq;fs;” (4:34) vd;W $WfpwJ.


l Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,U topKiwfSk; gadspf;fhj NghJ mtisj; jpUj;Jk;

Nehf;Fld; “,Nyrhf mbAq;fs;” (4:34) vd;W my;FHMd; $WfpwJ. ngz;fspd;

Kfj;jpy; mbg;gijAk;> fhak; Vw;gLk; tpjkhf mbg;gijAk; ,];yhk;

mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.

l ,U jug;gpypUe;Jk; nghWg;ghd ed;kjpg;Gf;Fhpa ,UtH Kd;te;J gpur;rpidia

jPHj;J itj;jy;. ,J gw;wp ~~mt;tpUtupilNa gpuptpid Vw;gl;L tpLk;

vd;W ePq;fs; mQ;rpdhy; fztdpd; FLk;gj;jpy; xUtiuAk; kidtpapd;

FLk;gj;jpy; xUtiuAk; eLtHfshf Vw;gLj;Jq;fs;. mt;tpUtUk; rkhjhdj;ij

tpUk;gpdhy; my;yh ;̀ mt;tpUtupilNa xw;Wik Vw;gLk;gb nra;J tpLthd;.||

(4:34) ,e;j ehd;F topKiwfSk; gadspf;fhjNghJ khj;jpuNk tpthfuj;J

vd;w KbTf;F tu KbAk;.

l mt;thNw tpthfuj;Jf;Fhpa topKiwfs; Mz;fSf;F NtwhfTk; ngz;fSf;F

NtwhfTk; fhzg;gLtJ ,];yhj;Jf;Fhpa kw;nwhU rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

l ngz;fspd; ,ay;G> jd;ik> mtHfs; vjpHnfhs;Sk; tho;f;ifg; gpur;rpid

vd;gtw;wpid ikakhf itj;J Mz;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;w jyhf;

cupikiag; Nghyd;wp ngz;fSf;fhd chpik msthf toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

NkYk; xU Mz; jyhf; nrhy;fpd;wNghJ mjw;fhd fhuzq;fis

ePjpkd;wj;Jf;F rku;g;gpf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. ,jdhy; ngz;NzhL

rk;ge;jg;gl;l ,ufrpak; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fhuzk; mk;gyg;gLj;jg;gLkhdhy;

mJ kWkzk; nra;fpd;w NghJ ngz;Zf;F ghjfkhf mikayhk;. mNjNeuk;

xU ngz; jdJ fztuplk; tpthfuj;Jf; NfhUfpd;wNghJ mjw;fhd fhuzk;

fl;lhak; njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; ftu;r;rpfSf;Fk; mtru

KbTfSf;Fk; czu;r;rpfSf;Fk; cl;gLtjdhy; J}u Nehf;fw;w mtru

KbTfSf;F mtHfs; tUtjdhNyNa jyhf;-kzKwpTfSf;fhd cupik

ngz;fSf;F Fiwthf toq;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vdyhk;.

l tpthfuj;J Kiwfs;:tpthfuj;J Kiwfs;:tpthfuj;J Kiwfs;:tpthfuj;J Kiwfs;:tpthfuj;J Kiwfs;:

jyhf;:jyhf;:jyhf;:jyhf;:jyhf;:

l jyhf; vd;gJ kzKwpT vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ijj; jUk;. fztd; kidtpia

tpyf;fp tpLtijNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. jyhf; nrhy;tjw;F ve;jf; fhuzj;ijAk;

ntspg;gLj;j Njitapy;iy. ,J fztd; rpy thHj;ijfisf; $wp kidtpia

tpthf tpLjiy nra;tijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jid ,U gphpTfshf gphpf;fyhk;.

xd;W jyhf; Rd;dp kw;wJ jyhf; gpj, MFk;.

l jyhf; Rd;dp: jyhf; nrhy;tjw;F ,];yhk; tFj;j tuk;Gfisg; Ngzp mij

nra;Ak; NghJ jyhf; Rd;dp vdg;gLk;. clYwT nfhs;sg;glhj ngz;iz

mts; khjtplha; ePq;fp J}a;ikahf ,Uf;Fk; fhyg;gphptpy; xU Kiw

kl;Lk; jyhf; nra;jhy; mJ jyhf; Rd;dp MFk;.

l jyhf; gpj,: ,];yhkpa rl;l tuk;Gfisg; Ngzhky; mjw;F khw;wkhf

mikAk; jyhf;ifNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ xNu nrhy;ypy; %d;W

jyhf;FfisAk; nrhy;yy;> xNu ,lj;jpy; %d;W jyhf;FfisAk; xt;nthd;whfr;

nrhy;yy;> khjtplha;f; fhyg;gphptpy; my;yJ gps;is ngw;W ~epgh];| ,ypUe;J

J}a;ikailahj fhyg;gphptpy; jyhf; nrhy;Yjy;> khjtplha; ePq;fpa

fhyg;gphptpy; clYwT nfhz;Ltpl;L jyhf; nrhy;yy; vd;gd ,e;j tifiar;

rhUk;.


l jyhf;if> jyhf; gh,d;> jyhf; w[, vd;W NkYk; ,U gphpTfshfTk;

gphpf;fyhk;. jyhf; nra;ag;gl;ltis kPz;Lk; kidtpahff; nfhs;s Kbahj

jyhf;ifNa jyhf; gh,d; Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ %d;W jyhf;FfisAk;

g+uzg;gLj;jpa epiyikiaNa Fwpf;Fk;. jyhf; w[,> jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l

tis kPz;Lk; kidtpahff; nfhs;s KbAkhd jyhf;iff; Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ

jyhf; rYifia gad;gLj;jp xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L jyhf;Ffis $wptpl;L

,j;jhf; fhyj;Jf;Fs; kPz;Lk; ,UtUk; ,ize;J tho KbAkhd

epiyiaNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;.

Fy;cFy;cFy;cFy;cFy;c

l fisjy;> ePf;Fjy;> mfw;Wjy; vd;gJ ,jd; nkhopf;fUj;jhFk;. ,t;Tupik

ngz;Zf;F toq;fg;gl;ljhFk;. kidtp jdJ fztUld; thoKbahj xU

epiy Vw;gl;L xU njhifg; gzj;ij fztDf;F nfhLj;J jd;id tpLtpj;Jf;

nfhs;tijNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. fztdplkpUe;J ngw;w midj;ijAk; jpUg;gpf;

nfhLg;gNjhL NkyjpfkhfTk; mtd; Nfhupdhy; mjidAk; mts; nfhLf;f

Ntz;Lk; (Fy;c nra;tjw;F ngz; J ;̀u;-Rj;jkhfNth iò; - mRj;jkhfNth

,Uf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy) NkYk; Fy;c nra;jhy; %d;W i`y; fhyk;

,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

g];Fg];Fg];Fg];Fg];F

l Kwpj;jhd; vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ij jUfpd;wJ. cld;gbf;ifapy; Vw;gl;l xU

NfhshW fhuzkhfNth jpBnud Vw;gl;l xU epfo;T fhuzkhfNth g];F

epfoyhk;. (ck;) jpUkzk; Kbj;j gpd; ,UtUk; ghy;Fb %yk; cwtpdHfs;

vd;W njhpatUfpd;w NghJ g];F epfOk;. ,UtUs; xUtH kjk; khwpdhYk;

g];c epfOk;. mNjNghy; Neha; tWik Nghd;wtw;iw fhjpaplk; Kiwapl;L

,UtUk; tpthfuj;ij Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; ,t;tifiaNa rhUk;. g];F

,];yhkpa ePjpgjpaplk; $wp xg;ge;jj;ij Kwpj;Jf; nfhs;tij Fwpf;Fk;.

ypMd;ypMd;ypMd;ypMd;ypMd;

l ypMd; vd;gJ rhgkpLjy; vd;w fUj;ijj; jUk;. fztd; kidtpapilNa

tpgr;rhuf; Fw;wr;rhl;Lg; gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;wp ep&gpj;Jf; nfhs;s KbahjNghJ

my;yh ;̀ kPJ Mizahf rj;jpakpl;L rhgKz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W $wp ,UtUk;

gpupe;J nfhs;tjidNa ,J Fwpf;Fk;. mjhtJ tpgr;rhuf; Fw;wk; xd;iw

epWTtjw;F ehd;F rhl;rpfs; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vdpDk; fztd; kidtp

aupilNa ,g;gpur;rpid Njhd;Wk;NghJ ehd;F rhl;rpfs; vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf

Mz; jdJ Fw;wr;rhl;il epWTtjw;F ehd;F Kiw rj;jpakpl;L gpd;dH

Ie;jhtJ Kiwahf jd; $w;W ngha;ahapd; my;yh`;tpd; rhgk; jd; kPJ

cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W $WthH. kidtp epuguhjpahapd; mts; jdJ J}a;ik

epiyia vLj;Jf; $wp ehd;FKiw rj;jpak; nra;Jtpl;L jdJ $w;W ngha;

ahapd; jd;kPJ my;yh`;tpd; rhgk; cz;lhfl;Lk; vd;W Ie;jhtJ Kiw

$w Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW $wptpl;Lg; gpuptNj ypMd; MFk;. ypMd; %yk;

gpupe;j fztd; kidtp kPz;Lk; xUNghJk; Nru;e;J tho mDkjpf;fg;gLt

jpy;iy.

yp`hHyp`hHyp`hHyp`hHyp`hH

l ,J [h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l xU jyhf; KiwahFk;. xUtd;

jd; kidtpia jha;f;F xg;gpl;L $Wtjd; %yk; yp`hH epfo;e;J tpLk;.

yp`hupd; %yk; gphpe;j xUtH kPz;Lk; NrHe;J tho Ntz;Lkhdhy; XH

mbikia tpLjiy nra;a Ntz;Lk;. my;yJ ,uz;L khjq;fs; njhlHe;J

Nehd;gpUf;f Ntz;Lk; my;yJ 60 kp];fPd;fSf;F cztspf;f Ntz;Lk;.


<yhc<yhc<yhc<yhc<yhc

l rj;jpakpl;L jtpHe;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ij jUfpd;wJ. jd;

~~kidtpAld; Nrukhl;Nld;|| vd rj;jpakpLtijNa <yhc Fwpf;Fk;.

rj;jpakpl;L ehd;F khjj;Jf;Fs; ,izahtpl;lhy; ,UtUk; gphpe;J tpLtH.

,t;thW gphpe;jhy; rhjhuz jyhf;Fg; Nghd;Nw ,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

l “jq;fs; kidtpfSld; NrUtjpy;iy” vd rj;jpak; nra;J nfhz;ltDf;F

ehd;F khj jtiz cz;L. MfNt ,jw;Fs; ,tHfs; kPz;Lk; NrHe;J

nfhz;lhy; epr;rakhf my;yh`; kd;dpg;NghDk; fUizAilNahDkhf

,Uf;fpwhd;. Mdhy; mtHfs; jtizf;Fs; Nruhky; jpUkzg; gphptpid

cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lhy; epr;rakhf my;yh`; mtHfSila rj;jpaj;ij

nrtpAWNthdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhd;. MfNt mj;jtizf;Fg; gpd; jyhf; Vw;gl;L

tpLk;.

~~jdJ kidtpAld; NrUtjpy;iy vd rj;jpak; nra;J nfhz;ltUf;F 4

khj jtiz cz;L. MfNt mjw;Fs; mtHfs; kPz;L nfhz;lhy; epr;rakhf

my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;NghDk; fUizAilNahDkhf ,Uf;fpwhd;.|| (2:226)

,j;jh,j;jh,j;jh,j;jh,j;jh

l ,j;jh vd;gJ fzpj;jy;> vz;Zjy; vd;w nkhopf;fUj;ijj; jUk;. fztdpd;

,og;Gf;fhf my;yJ gphpTf;fhf kidtp Fwpg;gpl;l rpy fhyj;Jf;F jpUkzk;

Kbf;fhky; jtpHe;jpUg;gij ,J Fwpf;Fk;. ,j;jh ,Uf;Fk; kuG [h`pypa;ahf;

fhyj;jpYk; fhzg;gl;lJ. ,j;jh gy tifg;gLfpd;wJ.

1. fztd; ,we;jjw;fhf mD\;bf;Fk; ,j;jh. fztd; ,we;jjw;fhf xU

ngz; 4 khjKk; 10 ehl;fSk; ,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. “cq;fspy; jk;

fztid ,oe;j ngz;fs; 4 khjKk; 10 ehl;fs; fhj;J epw;fl;Lk;|| vd;W

my;FHMd; $WfpwJ. (2:234)

2. fztid ,oe;j ngz; iò; tUtij tpl;Lk; ePq;fpa kpfTk; taJ

KjpHe;j ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; 3 khjq;fs; khj;jpuk; ,j;jh ,Uj;jy;

NghJkhdjhFk;. “cq;fs; ngz;fspy; vtNuDk; mjpf tajhfp khjtplhapd;

ek;gpf;if ,oe;J ,j;jhit fzf;fpl vd;d nra;tnjd;W ePq;fs;

re;Njfj;Jf;Fs;shfp tpl;lhy; mg;ngz;fSf;Fk; ,d;Dk; vtHfSf;F ,J

tiuapy; khjtplha; Vw;gltpy;iyNah mtHfSf;Fk; ,j;jhtpd; jtiz

3 khjq;fshFk;.” (65:4)

3. fztid ,oe;j ngz; fu;g;gtjpahapd; mts; gps;is ngWk; tiuapYk;

,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. “fu;g;g];jpupfSf;F mtHfspd; ,j;jhtpd; jtiz

mtHfs; gpurtpf;Fk; tiu ,Uf;fpd;wJ.” (65:6)

4. jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l ngz; %d;W FW}cfs; ,j;jh ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Kjyhk; my;yJ ,uz;lhk; jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l epiyapy; cs;s xU

ngz;iz fztd; tpUk;gpdhy; ,j;jh jtizf;Fs; kPl;bf; nfhs;s

KbAk;. “jpUkzk; Kbj;J clYwT nfhs;sg;glhj epiyapy; xU

ngz;iz jyhf; nrhd;dhy; mg;ngz;Zf;F ,j;jh ,y;iy” (33:48)

l r%fj;jpYs;s ,j;jh rk;ge;jkhd gpioahd rpy eilKiwfNs ,];yhj;jpd;;

vjphpfs;> ,j;jh xU r%ff; nfhLik vd;W gpur;rhuk; nra;aj; J}z;baJ

vdyhk;.


,j;jhtpd;NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;:,j;jhtpd;NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;:,j;jhtpd;NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;:,j;jhtpd;NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;:,j;jhtpd;NghJ Ngz Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;:

l fztd; kuzpj;jjw;fhf ,j;jhit mD\;bf;Fk; ngz; ehd;F khjKk; 10

ehl;fs; Jf;fk; mD\;bg;gij ,];yhk; mDkjpj;Js;sJ. ,J xU r%ff;

nfhLikay;y. fztd; ,we;jTld; ve;jg; ngz;Zk; jdJ ftiyNahL

kPz;Lk; jpUkz ,d;gj;jpy; Eioa tpUk;g khl;lhs;. NkYk; ngz; ,sfpa

kzKilats; vd;gjhy; fztid ,oe;jts; jpBnud kPz;Lk; kztho;tpy;

Eioa tpUk;gTk; khl;lhs;.

l fztid ,oe;jts; ,j;jh fhyj;jpy; jdJ ftiyia gpujpgypf;fr;

nra;tNjhL mts; Mlk;guq;fis jtpHj;J vspikiag; Ngzp> eiffs;

myq;fhu Milfs; mzpe;J jd;id xg;gid nra;J nfhs;tij jtpHe;J

elj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jhTila fhyj;jpy; jpUk;gTk; jpUkzr; Ngr;rpy;

<LgLtJ Kw;whfj; jtpHf;f Ntz;banjhd;whFk;. ,j;jhit xU r%ff;

nfhLikahff; fUjf;$lhJ. Vnddpy; mJ kpfTk; ,yFthf mD\;bf;f

Kbe;j xU tzf;fkhFk;.

l xU K];ypk; ngz; rhjhuz fhyq;fspy; vt;thW gu;jh mzpe;J mt;wj;ij

kiwj;J jdJ myq;fhuq;fis ntspf;fhl;lhJ Njitf;fd;wp ntspr;nry;yf;

$lhNjh mNj tpjpfisNa ,j;jhtpYk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jhtpd;

NghJ xU ngz; ciog;gpw;fhf jdJ [PtNdhghaj;Jf;F topiaj; Njbf;

nfhs;tjw;fhf gfw;nghOjpy; ntspNa nrd;W cioj;Jtpl;L ,utpy; tPl;il

tpl;L ntspNa nry;yhky; ,Uf;f KbAk;.

l ,j;jh mD\;bf;fpd;w ngz;nzhUj;jp egp (]y;) mtHfsJ fhyj;jpy; fhl;Lf;F

tpwF ntl;lr; nrd;whs;. ,ilapy;. mtis xU kdpjH re;jpj;J> ‘,j;jh

mD\;bf;Fk; ngz;fs; ,t;thW ntspapwq;fpr; nry;yf; $lhJ’ vd;whH.

,jdhy; rQ;ryj;Jf;Fs;shd mg;ngz; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J>

‘,j;jhTila fhyj;jpy; tpwF ntl;lr; nry;tJ jtwhdjh?’ vd;W tpdtpdhs;.

mjw;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; ‘mJ xU gpur;rpidf;Fhpa tplaky;y. mJ

mtSf;F MFkhdNj’ vd;W gjpyspj;jhHfs;. ,e;jr; rk;gtk;> ,j;jhTila

fhyj;jpy; xU ngz;> me;j ,U epge;jidfisAk; Ngzpa epiyapy; nraw;gl

,lKz;L vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l xU jlit ,j;jh ,Ue;j xU ngz; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J> jdJ

tPl;by; rNfhjuHfs; kl;Lk;jhd; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> jhd; MWjy; ngWtjw;fhfg;

Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;f ve;jg; ngz;fSk; jdJ tPl;by; ,y;iy vd;Wk; vdJ

gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Fs;s ngz;fSld; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUg;gjw;F

mDkjpaspf;f Ntz;bf; nfhz;lhs;. ,e;j Ntz;LNfhis egp (]y;) mtHfs;

Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;. vdNt> Njitfspd;NghJ> ,j;jh ,Uf;fpd;w ngz;

tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa nry;yyhk; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.

l ,t;thW ,];yhj;jpy; ,j;jh mikg;G ,yFgLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;NghJ vkJ

r%fj;jpy; ,j;jh kpFe;j rpukj;Jld; mD\;bf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ,d;W> rKjhaj;jpd; rpy kl;lq;fspy; xU ngz;zpd; fztd; ,we;Jtpl;lhy;

,j;jh mD\;bg;gjw;fhf mts; fl;lhakhf nts;shil cLj;jpf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. mts; tPl;by; xU kiwthd ,lj;jpy; mkHj;jg;gLths;. ve;j

MltupdJk; ghHit mts;kPJ jtWjyhfTk; gl;Ltplf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf

mts; jq;fpapUf;Fk; ,lj;ij #o kiwg;gjw;fhf fLikahd Vw;ghLfs;


Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mts; me;j rpwpa ,Ushd ,lj;jpNyNa ,j;jhf;

fhyk; KOf;f mkHe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpy ,lq;fspy; rpWtHfs; $l mtisg;

ghHj;Jtplf; $lhJ vd;w fLikahd rl;lk; Ngzg;gLfpwJ. mtis Mz;fs;

jtWjyhff; $l ghHj;J tplf;$lhJ. mt;thW mtHfs; ,tisg; ghHj;J

tpl;lhy; ,J ,ts; nra;Ak; ghtk; vd;w fUj;J vkJ r%fj;jpy; nghJthf

epytptUfpwJ. rpy CHfspy; ,ijtpl xUgb Nkyhfr; nrd;W ngz;fs;

,j;jh ,Uf;Fk;NghJ Mz;fs; mtisf; fz;Ltpl;lhy; my;yJ Mz;fisr;

re;jpf;f Ntz;ba fl;lha epiy ,tSf;F Vw;gl;L> Mz;fis mts; re;jpj;J

tpl;lhy; jdJ ,j;jhitg; Gjpjhf Muk;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; gzpf;fg;gL

fpwhs;. ,j;jhtpy; ,j;jifa fLikahd Mrhuq;fs; r%fj;jpy; filg;gpbf;fg;

gl;bUg;gjd; fhuzkhf ,j;jh Fwpj;J gy Nkhrkhd mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; vOe;

Js;sd. fztd; kuzpj;j ngz;fs; ,j;jhitj; jhq;f Kbahj nghpanjhU

Rikahff; fUjj; jiyg;gl;Ls;sdH. ,jdhy; rpy CHfspy; ehw;gJ ehl;fs;

kl;Lk; ,j;jh mD\;bf;Fk; gpioahd kuG fhzg;gLfpwJ.

l jyhf; nrhy;yg;gl;l ngz; ,j;jhtpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mtis kPz;Lk; kidtp

ahf;fpf; nfhs;s tha;g;Gf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd;w tifapy; ,ts; fztdpd;

tPl;bNyNa ,j;jhit mD\;bf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; ,UtUk; ,ize;J

nfhs;tjw;F re;jHg;gk; mspf;Fk; Kfkhf mts; fztidf; ftUk; tpjj;jpy;

jd;id fztDf;fhf myq;fhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; tpjj;ij ,];yhk; jLf;f

tpy;iy. jyhf; gh,d; Md epiyapy; cs;s xU ngz; ,t;thW fztidf;

ftUk; tpjj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

l epfh`; epfo;tpd; NghJ kidtpf;F fztd; toq;Fk; md;gspg;G k`H

vdg;gLfpwJ. mt;tpUtUk; FLk;gkhf thOk;NghJ kidtpf;F fztDf;F

toq;Fk; jhgupg;G cjtp egfh MFk;. tpthf tho;tpy; ,Ue;J fztd;

kidtpiag; gphpe;J NtwhfptpLfpd;w NghJ mtSf;Fk; toq;Fk; md;gspg;G

kjh/ MFk;. kidtpia jyhf; $wp tpthfuj;J nra;Ak;NghJ kjh/

nfhLg;gJ gw;wp 2:241> 2:236 trdq;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd. ,J nghJthf ,j;jh

fhyj;jpy; fztd; kidtpf;F epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba xH mk;rkhFk;.

,j;jhtpd; gad;fs;,j;jhtpd; gad;fs;,j;jhtpd; gad;fs;,j;jhtpd; gad;fs;,j;jhtpd; gad;fs;

1. ,iwfl;lisia Vw;W epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yk; ,iw$ypia ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

2. csj;jhf;fq;fspy; ,Ue;J kPl;rp ngWtjw;fhd top

3. Kd;ida fztd; %yk; fUTw;wpUf;fpwhsh vd;gij mtjhdpg;gjw;Fhpa

fhyk;

4. fztid ,oe;j ngz; Jf;fk; mD\;bg;gjw;Fhpa ,];yhkpa fhy vy;iy

5. Kd;ida fztdJ eltbf;iffis epidT$uTk;> mtUf;fhf kdg;g+Htkhf

gpuhHj;jid GhpaTk; cs;s xU re;jHg;gk;

6. kWkzk; gw;wpa jPHf;fkhd xU KbTf;F tUtjw;fhd re;jHg;gk;

7. jyhf; u[, Mapd; kPz;Lk; ,ize;J tho;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gk;


l ngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fk; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; nra;angw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fk; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; nra;angw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fk; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; nra;angw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fk; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; nra;angw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fk; gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; nra;a

Ntz;ba flikfSk; chpikfSk;Ntz;ba flikfSk; chpikfSk;Ntz;ba flikfSk; chpikfSk;Ntz;ba flikfSk; chpikfSk;Ntz;ba flikfSk; chpikfSk;

ngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;Fngw;NwhH gps;isfSf;F

l kdpjHfSf;F gps;isfNs fz;Fspr;rpahthHfs;. mtHfshy; kdpj tho;T

,d;gk; ngWfpwJ. mtHfs; kPJ ,wq;Fk; my;yh ;̀tpd; mUs; ngw;NwhUf;Fk;

fpilf;fpwJ. gps;isfshy; my;yh`; cztpy; gufj; nra;fpd;whd;.

l gps;isfs; tplaj;jpy; ngw;NwhUf;Fs;s flikfis ,];yhk; njspthf

tpsf;fpAs;sJ.

1. ,f;yh]; vd;w kdj; J}a;ik: jdf;F mUshff; fpilf;Fk; Foe;ijia

]hyp`hd Foe;ijahf tsu;g;Ngd; vd;w vz;zk;.

2. jd; Foe;ijf;F ]hyp`hd xU jhiaj; Nju;e;njLj;jy;.

3. ]hyp`hd Foe;ij Ntz;b my;yh`;tplk; gpuhu;j;jpj;jy;.

4. Foe;ijiaf; fUtiwapy; guhkupj;jy;.

5. tyJ fhjpy; mjhDk; ,lJ fhjpy; ,fhkj;Jk; nrhy;yp CJtJk;>

ehtpy; ,dpg;G Nja;j;J tplYk;.

~~ahUf;F Foe;ij gpwf;fpwNjh mtu; mjd; tyJ fhjpy; mjhDk;

,lJ fhjpy; ,fhkj;Jk; nrhy;yp Cjpdhy; me;jf; Foe;ijf;F ve;jj;

jPq;Fk; Vw;gl khl;lhJ.|| (k];dj; mgpa/yh my; nksrpyp)

6. mfPfh nfhLj;jy;> ~~Mz; Foe;ijf;f ,uz;L MLfSk; ngz; Foe;ijf;F

Xu; MLk; mfPfhthff; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.|| (jpu;kpjp)

7. mofpa ngau; #l;ly;: mg+ %]h m\;mup (uop mwptpf;fpwhu;: ~~vdf;F

Xu; Mz; Foe;ij gpwe;jJ. ehd; mij egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; nfhz;L

nrd;wNghJ mtu; mjw;F ,g;wh P̀k; vdg; ngaupl;lhu;fs;. <r;rk; goj;ij

nkd;W mjd; thapy; Nja;j;J tpl;L> mjw;F mUs;ghypf;FkhW JMf;

Nfl;lhu;fs;. gpd;du; vd;dplk; je;jhu;fs;. (G`hup)

8. Vohk; ehspy; Foe;ijapd; jiyKbia rpiuj;J mjd; epiwasTf;F

nts;spapd; ngWkjpia ju;kk; nra;jy;.

9. Foe;ijf;F tpUj;j Nrjdk; (fj;dh) nra;jy;.

10. Kjy; ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F jha;g; ghy; Cl;ly;. ~Foe;ijf;F mit

gpwe;jjpypUe;J ,uz;L tUlq;fs; KOikahfg; ghY}l;ll;Lk;.|| (2:233)

11. `yhyhdtw;iwf; nfhz;L Foe;ijfSf;F cztspj;jy;.

12. khu;f;f mbg;gilfis nrhy;ypf; nfhLj;jy;> Fu;Md; ]{d;dhitf;

fw;gpj;jy;.

13. njhOifia epiyehl;lg; gapw;Wtpj;jy;.

14. Foe;ijfSf;fhd tpisahl;L trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;.

15. ]hyp`hd ey;y Njhou;fisj; njupTnra;J nfhLj;jy;.

16. Foe;ijfs; tPl;by; mDkjp Nfl;Fk; xOq;iff; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;.

(24:58)


17. Foe;ijfSf;F kj;jpapy; ghugl;rkpd;wp ele;Jnfhs;sy;. ~~cq;fs;

Foe;ijfSf;F kj;jpapy; uPjpahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. (K];ypk;)

18. gps;isfs; kPJ md;G fhl;ly;.

19. rpwe;j xOf;fj;ijAk; gz;ghLfisAk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;. ~~ePq;fs; cq;fs;

Foe;ijfSf;F rpwe;j xOf;fq;fisAk; gz;ghLfisAk; fw;Wf;

nfhLg;gJ> ePq;fs; xt;nthU ehSk; ViofSf;F ju;kk; nra;tij tpl

rpwe;jjhFk;. (jguhdp)

20. ngz; gps;isfSf;F `p[hg; mzpag; gapw;Wtpj;jy;.

21. gUt taJld; rk;ge;jg;gl;l xOq;Ffisf; fw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.

22. gps;isfs; gUt taij mile;jJk; ]hyp`hd Jizia kzKbj;Jf;

nfhLj;jy;.

gps;isfspd; flikfisr; nra;tjpy; ngw;NwhH filg;gpbf;f Ntz;bagps;isfspd; flikfisr; nra;tjpy; ngw;NwhH filg;gpbf;f Ntz;bagps;isfspd; flikfisr; nra;tjpy; ngw;NwhH filg;gpbf;f Ntz;bagps;isfspd; flikfisr; nra;tjpy; ngw;NwhH filg;gpbf;f Ntz;bagps;isfspd; flikfisr; nra;tjpy; ngw;NwhH filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba

xOf;fq;fs;xOf;fq;fs;xOf;fq;fs;xOf;fq;fs;xOf;fq;fs;

1. Kd;khjphpkpf;f xOf;fk;

2. kdk; tpl;Lf; fye;J goFjy;

3. md;G nrYj;jy;

4. ek;gfkhf elj;jy;

5. Cf;fkspj;J cw;rhf%l;ly;

6. ePjpAk; rkj;JtKk;

7. espdKk; fz;bg;Gk;

ngw ; NwhUf ; f hf Kd ;itf ; fg ; gLk ; ,] ;yhk pa NghjidfSk ;ngw ; NwhUf ; f hf Kd ;itf ; fg ; gLk ; ,] ;yhk pa NghjidfSk ;ngw ; NwhUf ; f hf Kd ;itf ; fg ; gLk ; ,] ;yhk pa NghjidfSk ;ngw ; NwhUf ; f hf Kd ;itf ; fg ; gLk ; ,] ;yhk pa NghjidfSk ;ngw ; NwhUf ; f hf Kd ;itf ; fg ; gLk ; ,] ;yhk pa NghjidfSk ;

Kd;khjpupfSk; rpyKd;khjpupfSk; rpyKd;khjpupfSk; rpyKd;khjpupfSk; rpyKd;khjpupfSk; rpy

l <khd; nfhz;ltu;fNs ePq;fs; cq;fisAk; cq;fs; FLk;gj;ijAk; euf

neUg;gpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (66:6)

l “cq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; nghWg;ghspfNs. ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; mtutH

nghWg;Gf; Fwpj;J tprhhpf;fg;gLtPHfs;....” (G`hup)

l egp (]y;) mtHfs;> mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fspd; gps;isfshd mg;Jy;yh`;>

cigJy;yh`;> U]a;apH (uop) Mfpa %tiuAk; mzptFf;fr; nra;J

“vtu; vd;dplk; Ke;jp tUfpwhNuh mtUf;F ,d;dpd;dit fpilf;Fk;” vd;W

$Wthu;fs;. rpWtu;fs; egpatu;fsplk; Xbte;J egpatu;fspd; Nkdpapy;

tpOthu;fs;. mg;NghJ egpatHfs; mr;rpWtHfis Kj;jkpLthHfs; (K];dj;

m`;kj;)

l “egp (]y;) mtu;fs; `]d; my;yJ `{i]d; (uop) mtHfspd; fuj;ijg;

gpbj;J mtu;fsJ ghjq;fis jdJ ghjj;jpd; kPJ itj;J eP NkNy VW

vd;W $wpdhu;fs;” (jguhdp) “egp (]y;) mtu;fs; rpWtu;fisf; fz;lhy;

md;ig ntspg;gLj;jp mtu;fSf;F ]yhk; $Wthu;fs;” (G`hup)

l xU fpuhkthrp egpatu;fsplk; ~~ePq;fs; cq;fs; Foe;ijfis Kj;jkpL

fpwPu;fsh? ehq;fs; Kj;jkpLtjpy;iy|| vd;whu;. mjw;F egpatHfs; ~~my;yh ;̀

ckJ ,jaj;jpy; ,Ue;J md;ig ePf;fpapUg;gjw;F ehd; nghWg;ghspah?||

vd;whu;fs; (G`hup)


l “jhd; cztspf;f Ntz;batHfis tPzbg;gJ xU kdpjDf;Fg; ghtj;jhy;

NghJkhdjhFk;.” (K];ypk;)

l “vtUf;F %d;W ngz;kf;fs; ,Ue;J mtHfs; kPJ nghWik fhj;J> ey;y

Kiwapy; jdJ ciog;gpy; ,Ue;J mtHfSf;F czT> ghdk;> cilaspj;J

tUfpwhNuh mtUf;F mg;ngz;fs; kWikehspy; euf neUg;gpy; ,Ue;J

fhf;Fk; jpiuahf MthHfs;” (K];dj; m ;̀kj;)

ngw;NwhUf;fhfg; gps;isfs;ngw;NwhUf;fhfg; gps;isfs;ngw;NwhUf;fhfg; gps;isfs;ngw;NwhUf;fhfg; gps;isfs;ngw;NwhUf;fhfg; gps;isfs;

l ,];yhj;jpd; ghHitapy; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; u]_Yf;Fk; mLj;j me;j];j;J

ngw;NwhHfSf;Nf toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

l ngw;Nwhhpd; khz;Gfisj; njspTgLj;jp> ngw;Nwhhpd; tp\aj;jpy; K];ypk;

gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba eilKiwfis jpUf;FHMd; tptupf;fpwJ. mtHfspy;

xUtNuh my;yJ ,UtNuh ,Ue;J> tNahjpgj;jpd; gytPdj;jpw;F ,yf;fhfp

,Ue;jhy; ,];yhk; mtHfSf;F kfj;jhd nfsutj;ij toq;FfpwJ. ghHf;f.

(17:23>24) (4:36) (29:8) (31:14)

l ngw;NwhH K];ypk;fshf ,y;yhtpbDk; mtHfSld; cgfhukhfTk;

ed;wpAlDk; ele;J nfhs;SkhW ,];yhk; cgNjrpj;Js;sJ.

l m];kh (uop) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: ,izitg;gtuhf ,Ue;j vd; md;id

xU Kiw vd;dplk; te;jpUe;jhH. ,J gw;wp egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; nrd;W

vdJ jha; kpf MtYld; vd;dplk; te;jpUf;fpwhH. vdJ md;idf;F cgfhuk;

nra;ayhkh? vd;W tpdtpNdd;. egpatHfs; “Mk; cdJ md;idf;F cgfhuk;

nra;” vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (G`hhp)

l jha; je;ij ,UtupYk; cgfhuk; nra;tjw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;ltH

jhahthH. xU kdpjH egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J “my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu!

ehd; mofpa Kiwapy; ele;Jnfhs;s kpfTk; jFjpahdtH ahH? vd;W

Nfl;lhH. ckJ jha; vd;whHfs;. gpwF ahH? vd;W Nfl;lhH. ckJ jha;

vd;whHfs;. gpwF ahH? vd;W Nfl;lhH? ckJ jha; vd;whu;fs;. gpwF ahu;

vdf; Nfl;lhu;? ckJ je;ij vd;W egp (]y;) mtHfs; gjpyspj;jhHfs;.”

l xU kdpjd; 40 taij milAk;NghJ kidtp gps;isfs; vd;W nghpa

FLk;gr; Rikia Rkf;fpd;whd;. mt;thwhd Neuj;jpy; xU ey;y K];ypk;

jd; ngw;NwhH capUld; ,Ug;gpd; mtHfSld; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;thd;

vd;gij my;FHMd; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. (ghu;f;f 46:15)

l gps;isfs; ngw;NwhUf;Fr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfis ,uz;lhf

tifg;gLj;jp Nehf;f KbAk;.

1. ngw;NwhH capUld; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ nra;a Ntz;bait.

2. ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; nra;a Ntz;bait

l ngw;NwhH capUld; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mtHfsJ miog;Gf;F cldbahfg;

gjpy; $wy;

l egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: “[{iu[; khHf;fj;ij tpsq;fpatuhf

,Ue;jpUe;jhy; njhOifia ePz;l Neuk; njhlHtij tpl jha;f;Fg;

gjpyspg;gJ mtrpak; vd;gij mwpe;jpUg;ghH” (G`hhp)

l mtHfSld; md;GlDk; fdpTld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;


l ]/jpg;D mgptf;fh]; (uop) mtHfsJ jha;> ]/ij ,];yhj;ij tpl;Ltpl

epHg;ge;jpf;F Kfkhf cz;gijAk; gUFtijAk; jtpHj;Jf; nfhz;lhs;.

mg;NghJ ]/j; jd; jhaplk; ,iwtd; kPJ Mizahf ckf;F gy capHfs;

,Ue;J mit xt;nthd;whfg; gphpe;jhYk; vdJ khHf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpyf

khl;Nld; vd;whH. gpd;dH ]/jpd; ,f;fbd thHj;ijia my;yh ;̀ fz;bj;jhd;.

(31:15)

l ngw;Nwhu; nra;j jpahfj;jpw;fhf ed;wpAzHTld; ele;J nfhs;Sjy;.

ckjpiwtd;... jha; je;ijf;F ed;wp nra;Ak; gbahfTk; fl;lisapl;b

Uf;fpd;whd;. (17: 23)

l mtHfspy; xUtNuh> my;yJ ,UtUNkh KJikia mile;J tpl;l NghjpYk;

ck;kplkpUe;J mtHfis tpul;lTk; Ntz;lhk;

l mtHfisg; Gz;gLj;Jk; thHj;ijfisNah fhhpaq;fisNah nra;af; $lhJ.

l mtHfSld; kpf;f gzpthf ele;J nfhs;sy;

l mtHfSf;fhfg; gpuhHj;jid Gupjy;

l kw;wtHfs; vk; ngw;Nwhiuj; jpl;Lk; tpjkhf elf;fhjpUj;jy;

l ngw;Nwhhpd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fis mwpe;J nraw;gly;

ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; mtHfSf;fhfr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; mtHfSf;fhfr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; mtHfSf;fhfr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; mtHfSf;fhfr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;ngw;NwhH kuzpj;j gpd; mtHfSf;fhfr; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfs;

1. ngw;Nwhhpd; [dh]hj; njhOifapy; fye;J nfhs;Sjy;

2. my;yh`;tplk; mtHfSf;fhfg; ghtkd;dpg;Gf; NfhUjy;

3. mtHfs; KbT nra;Jtpl;Lr; nrd;w cld;gbf;iffis epiwNtw;Wjy;

4. mtHfspd; cwtpdHfSf;F cjtp Gupjy;

5. mtHfspd; ez;gHfisf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy;

fztd; kidtpf;Fk; kditp fztDf;Fk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk;fztd; kidtpf;Fk; kditp fztDf;Fk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk;fztd; kidtpf;Fk; kditp fztDf;Fk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk;fztd; kidtpf;Fk; kditp fztDf;Fk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk;fztd; kidtpf;Fk; kditp fztDf;Fk; nra;a Ntz;ba flikfSk;

chpikfSkchpikfSkchpikfSkchpikfSkchpikfSk;

l cly; hPjpahfTk; cs hPjpahfTk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; ntt;NtW

,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; xUtH kw;wtiur; rhHe;J MWjy; ngWfpd;w

,aw;ifj; jd;ikapy; my;yh`; ,U rhuhiuAk; gilj;Js;shd;.

l “(ePq;fs; NrHe;J thof;$ba cq;fs;) kidtpfis> ePq;fs; mtHfsplk;

kd epk;kjp ngWtjw;fhf cq;fspypUe;Nj mtd; gilj;J cq;fSf;fpilapy;

md;igAk; Nerj;ijAk; cz;L gz;zpapUg;gJk; mtDila mj;jhl;rpfspy;

cs;sjhFk;.” (30:20)

l kfpo;r;rpAk; ,d;gKk; epiwe;j ,t;tpilj; njhlHig my;yh ;̀ Vw;gLj;jpajd;

Nehf;fk; kfj;jhd gy nghWg;Gf;fis kfpo;Tld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;L

nkd;gjw;fhfNtahFk;

l fztd; kidtpf;fpilapyhd ,ilj;njhlHG rPuhf eilngw ,UtuJ

flikfSk; chpikfSk; Ngzg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;


l XH MZk; ngz;Zk; jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; FLk;g tho;it Muk;gpf;Fk;

NghJ tpisahl;Lf;fhNth Mghrj;Jf;fhNth md;wp my;yh`; itj;Js;s

,aw;if tpjpia (Rd;dhit) eilKiwg;gLj;jNt xd;wpize;Js;Nshk;

vd;Wzu Ntz;Lk;

l egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: “jpUkzk; vd;gJ vdJ topKiw (Rd;dh)

MFk;. ahH mij ntWf;fpd;whNuh mtH vd;idr; rhHe;jtuy;y.”

l my;yh`; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis fztd; kidtp MfpNahH kPJ flik

ahf;fpAs;shd;.

– ]hyp`hd re;jjpfis cUthf;fy;

– FLk;gj;jpw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; g+Hj;jp nra;jy;

– FLk;g cwTfisg; Ngzy;

l #uJd; ep]htpd; Kjy; trdj;ijg; ghHf;f

l fztd; kidtp MfpNahH kPJ tpjpahf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,f;$l;Lg; nghWg;G

mtHfSf;fpilapyhd rPuhd ,ilj;njhlHG %yNk epiwNtw;wg;gl

Ntz;Lnkdpd; mt;tpUtuJ flikfSk; chpikfSk; tiuaWf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

l fztd; kidtpaUila flikfSk; chpikfSk; gilj;j ,iwtdhNyNa

njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sik ,];yhkpaf; FLk;g mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rkhFk;.

l fztd; kidtpf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; ,ay;ghd gyq;fSk; gytPdq;fSk;

fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;Nl mtHfsJ flikfSk; chpikfSk; tiuaiw

nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tifapy; jk;gjpaUf;fpilapy; xUtH Mw;w Ntz;ba

flik kw;nwhUthpd; chpikahf khwptpLfpd;wJ.

l fztd; kidtpapd; KOikahd flikfisAk; chpikfisAk; %d;W

Kf;fpa jiyg;Gfspy; mlf;fp tplyhk;.

1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;

2. FLk;gj;jpd; r%f nghUshjhu Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;

3. FLk;gj;jpd; czHTg+Htkhd Md;kPf tsHr;rpiag; guhkhpj;Jg; Ngzp

tUjy;

l ,k;%d;wpYk; MZk; ngz;Zk; rkgq;Nfw;f Ntz;Lk;. ,UtuJ gq;Fk;

rkngWkhdKilaJ. Mdhy; ntt;NtwhdJ.

1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;1. FLk;gj;ij epHthfk; nra;jy;

l ,];yhk; FLk;g epHthfj;jpy; MZf;F jiyikj;Jtj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ.

mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; my;FHMd; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. “Mz;fs; ngz;fis

epHtfpg;NghH MtH.” (4:34)

l ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; my;yh`; mtHfspy; rpyUf;Fr; rpyiu tpl caHit

mspj;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gJk;> Mz;fs; jq;fSila nry;tj;jpy; ,Ue;J nryT

nra;fpwhHfs; vd;gJkhFk;.

l ,];yhkpaj; jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaf; flik fye;jhNyhrpj;jyhFk;.

my;FHMd; VTfpd;wJ. “mtHfsJ nraw;ghLfs; fye;jhNyhridapd;

mbg;gilapy; mikAk;” (3:159)


l FLk;g epHthfj;jpd; jiytd; vd;w tifapy; MZf;F %d;W Kf;fpa

gzpfs; cz;L

1. kidtpia md;ghf> fz;zpakhf elj;Jjy;.

2. kidtpapd; tho;thjhuj; Njitfis epiwT nra;jy;.

3. kidtpiaAk;> FLk;gj;ijAk; ghJfhj;J mtHfSf;F rhpahd topfhl;ly;

toq;fy;

l fztd; jd;Dila flikfisj; J\;gpuNahfk; nra;af;$lhJ. “my;yh`;

xUtDf;F mjpfhuj;ij toq;fp kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;fhf mjidg;

gad;gLj;jhj vtDk; Rtdj;jpd; eWkzj;ij EfHe;jpl khl;lhd;” (G`hhp)

l flikfSk; chpikfSk; fztDf;Fk; kidtpf;Fk; ,ilNa ,t;topfhl;lypd;

mbg;gilapy; tFf;fg;gl;L ,U rhuhUk; mij Ghpe;JzHTld; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; NghJ FLk;g epHthfk; rPHngWk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKk;

fpilahJ

2. FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu r%f Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;2. FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu r%f Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;2. FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu r%f Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;2. FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu r%f Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;2. FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu r%f Nkk;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;

l FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu Nkk;ghL ,uz;L tplaq;fspy; jq;fpAs;sJ

1. cioj;jy; (tuT)

2. nryT nra;jy; (nryT)

l ,t;tpU tplaq;fspYk; fztDk; kidtpAk; ,];yhk; tpjpj;Js;s

tpjpKiwfisg; Ngzp rYifaspj;Js;s tplaq;fspy; fye;jhNyhrpj;Jr;

nray;gl Ntz;Lk;

l tuTk; nryTk; ̀ yhyhd topapy; epfo Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk;> khHf;ff; flik

fSf;F mit ,ila+whf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gJk; ,];yhkpa tpjpKiw

ahFk;

l FLk;gj;Jf;fhd nryitf; nfhLg;gJ (egfh) fztdpd; flikahFk;.

gps;isfis mofpa Kiwapy; tsHj;J Mshf;FtJ kidtpapd; flikahFk;

l kidtpf;Fk; ciof;f chpikAz;L. Mdhy; fztd; mDkjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mJ mtspd; flikfSf;F ,ila+whf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. khHf;f tuk;GfisAk;

kPwf; $lhJ

l nryT nra;tjpy; fQ;rj;jdNkh tPz;tpuaNkh ,Uf;ff;$lhJ

l `pe;j; gpd;jp cj;gh $wpdhH: ~~my;yh ;̀tpd; J}jH mtHfNs! (vdJ fztH)

mg+ Rg;ahd; xU fQ;rd;. vdNt mtUila nghUspy; ,Ue;J vLj;J vd;

Foe;ijfSf;F cztspg;gJ vd; kPJ Fw;wkhFkh?|| my;yh`;tpd; J}jH

$wpdhH. ~~cd;Dila NjitfSf;Fg; NghJkhdijAk;> ePjkhdijAk;

vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; jtNwJkpy;iy.|| (G`hhp)

l “NkYk; (cNyhgpiag; Nghd;W nryT nra;ahJ) ck;Kila ifia

ck;Kila fOj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;ljhf Mf;fpf; nfhs;shjPH. md;wpAk; (ck;kplk;)

,Ug;gij nrytopj;J tpLtjpy; m(f;ifahd)ij xNu tphpg;ghf tphpj;Jk;

tplhjPu;. ,jdhy; epe;jpf;fg;gl;ltuhf> Kilg;gl;ltuhf cl;fhu;e;J tpLtPu;”


(17:29)

l fztdpd; nghUshjhu r%f me;j];ij caHj;Jtjpy; gq;fhw;w Ntz;Lk;.

fztd; ,y;yhj Neuj;jpy; mtdJ nghUisAk; fz;zpaj;ijAk; mts;

fl;bf; fhf;f Ntz;Lk;

l FLk;gj;jpd; czHTg+Htkhd Md;kPf tsHr;rpiag; guhkhpj;jy;@ Ngzp

tUjy;.

l “tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fs; cq;fisAk; cq;fs; FLk;gj;jpdiuAk;> kdpjHfSk;

fw;fSk; vhpnghUs;fshff; $ba euf neUg;gpypUe;J ,ul;rpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;

fs;” (66:6)

l fztd; kidtp gu];guk; jkJ gyq;fisAk; gytPdq;fisAk; ,dq;fz;L

tho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;

l jdJ fl;Lg;ghl;bYs;s FLk;gj;ij Md;kPf hPjpahf tsHj;njLg;gJk;> kidtp

Foe;ijfSf;F ,];yhkpa mwpitg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s top nra;tJk;

fztdpd; nghWg;ghFk;.

l FLk;gj; jiytd; jdJ FLk;gj;ij topelhj;Jgtdhthd;. mJ Fwpj;J

mtd; kWikapy; tif $w Ntz;Lk;. (G`hhp)

l “(egpNa) ckJ FLk;gj;jpdiu njhOifiaf; nfhz;L VTtPuhf. ePUk;

mjpy; epiyj;jpUg;gPuhf” (20:132)

l MizAk; ngz;izAk; gilj;j my;yh`; ,UtuJk; cs;shHe;j Njit

fisAk; mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. ngz;iz epHtfpf;Fk; nghWg;ig

fztDf;Ff; nfhLj;Js;sikahy; jdJ Mz;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kf;fpa

re;jHg;gj;jpy; fztDf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;fpAs;shd;.

l “cq;fs; kidtpaH cq;fSf;Fhpa tpisepyq;fs;. MfNt cq;fs; tpis

epyq;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpUk;gpathW thUq;fs;. cq;fSf;fhf Kw;gLj;jpf;

nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. epr;rakhf

ePq;fs; mtidr; re;jpf;ff;$batHfs; vd;gijAk; cWjpahf mwpe;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;. (egpNa) tpRthrpfSf;F ed;khuhaq; $WtPuhf” (2:223)

l nghJthf fztd; jd; mjpf Neuj;ij ntspapy; fopf;fpd;whd;. kidtp

tPl;bDs; fopf;fpd;whs;. fztd; ntspapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ kidtp tpRthrkhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdNt fztd; tpUk;ghj vtiuAk; tPl;bw;Fs; mDkjpf;ff;

$lhJ.

l FLk;gj;ij fztdJ topfhl;lypd; fPo; epUtfpg;gJk; nrhj;Jf;fis

Kiwahfg; Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gJk; mtsJ flikahFk;

l “ngz; jdJ fztdpd; tPl;ilg; guhkhpg;gtuhthH. mJ gw;wp mthplk;

tprhhpf;fg;gLk;.” (K];ypk;)

l rpwg;ghdnjhU FLk;g tho;it fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf fztDf;F jd;

nrhj;jpypUe;J toq;fp ,d;GWtJk; tpUk;gj;jf;fJ.

l “mjpypUe;J mtHfs; nfhQ;rNkDk; nfhLj;jhy; ePq;fs; jhuhskhf kfpo;Tld;

cz;Zq;fs;” (4:4)


cwtpdUk; mayhUk;cwtpdUk; mayhUk;cwtpdUk; mayhUk;cwtpdUk; mayhUk;cwtpdUk; mayhUk;

l ,];yhk; ,uj;j cwTf;F fz;zpaKk; nfsutKk; toq;fp mjidr; NrHe;J

tho;tjd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jp> mjidj; Jz;bj;J elg;gij td;ikahff;

fz;bf;fpwJ. cwtpdH ek;ikj; Jz;bj;J ele;jhYk; ehk; NrHe;J ,zq;fpr;

nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vdg; gzpf;fpwJ.

l xU K];ypk; jdJ ngw;NwhH kidtp kf;fSld; RUq;fptplhky; cwtpdH

kw;Wk; ,uj;j ge;jq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mtu;fs;

gu];gu neUf;fKk;> el;GwTk;> cgfhuKk; Ghpe;J tho Ntz;Lk;. mtHfis

‘mu;̀ hk;’ vdg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,g;gjk; ‘u ;̀k;’ vd;w nrhy;ypUe;J Njhd;wpaJ.

‘u ;̀k;’ vd;gJ fHg;gg; igiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ. fHg;gk; %yk; xU jhapypUe;J

tUk; cwit ,J Fwpf;Fk;. NkYk; ‘u ;̀k;’ vd;w gjk; md;G> ghrk;> fUiz

Kjyhd fUj;Jf;fisAk; jUfpwJ. my;yh`; jdJ md;ig ntspf;fhl;l

jd;id ‘u`;khd;’> ‘u`Pk;’ vd mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. vdNt md;gpdhy;

cUthFk; neUf;fkhd ,uj;j cwitNa ,J Fwpf;fpwJ.

l ,uj;j cwtpdH ~cYy; mu;̀ hk;| vdg;gLfpd;wdH. ,e;j tl;lj;jpy; jpUkzk;

Kbf;fj; jFjpahdtH> my;yJ jFjpaw;wtH vd;w NtWghbd;wp ,uj;j cwtpd;

%yKk; nrhe;jf;fhuHfshf mikAk; midtUk; mlq;FtH vd;gNj kpfg;

nghUj;jkhd fUj;jhFk;.

l ,khk; FHJgp ~cYy; mu;`hk;| vd;w cwit nghJthd cwT vd;Wk;

Fwpg;ghd cwT vd;Wk; ,Utifahfg; gphpf;fpd;whH. nghJthd cwtpy;

,];yhk; vd;w cwthy; gpizf;fg;gl;l K];ypk;fs; midtUk; mlq;FtH.

Fwpg;ghd cwtpy; nrhe;jf;fhuHfs; khj;jpuk; mlq;FtH vd;gH.

l fhgpuhf ,Ug;gpDk; mtHfSk; ,uj;j cwtpy; mlq;FtH. vdNt cYy;

mu;̀ hk; - ,uj;j cwT vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kpfg; gue;jjhff;

fhzg;gLfpwJ

,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;G,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;G,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;G,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;G,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;G

l ,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; rpwg;ig FHMDk; Rd;dhTk; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

“ePq;fs; cq;fSf;Fs; xUtUf;nfhUtH Ntz;batw;iw Nfl;Lf; nfhs;fpwPHfs;

,d;Dk; my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gae;J ,uj;jf;fyg;G ge;jj;jpw;F kjpg;gspAq;fs;.”

(4:1)

l ,q;F my;yh`; ,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjd; mtrpaj;ij ,iwar;rj;Jld;

njhlHGgLj;jpAs;shd;.

l my;FHMd; 17:23 Mk; Maj;jpy; jha; je;ijf;F ed;wp nrYj;JtJ gw;wp

tpsf;fp tpl;L 17:26 ,y; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;. ~~ge;Jf;fSf;Fk;> topg;

Nghf;fHfSf;Fk; mtutHfSila chpikfisf; nfhLj;JtuTk;. nry;tj;ij

msT fle;J tPz; nryT nra;a Ntz;lhk;” (17:26)

l “my;yh ;̀it tzq;Fq;fs;. mtDf;F ahnjhd;iwAk; ,iz itf;fhjPHfs;.

ngw;NwhUf;F ed;wp nra;Aq;fs;. mt;thNw cwtpdUf;Fk;> mehijfSf;Fk;>

ViofSf;Fk; mz;il tPl;bYs;s cwtpdUf;Fk;> mz;il tPl;bduhd

me;epaUf;Fk; vg;nghOJk; cq;fSld; ,Uf;ff;$ba ez;gHfSf;Fk; topg;

Nghf;fHfSf;Fk; cq;fs; Mjpf;fj;jpypUg;NghUf;Fk; (md;Gld; ed;wp nra;Aq;

fs;) vtd; fHtk; nfhz;L ngUikahf elf;fpwhNdh mtid epr;rakhf

my;yh`; Nerpg;gjpy;iy” (4:36)


l ,t;trdKk; ngw;NwhUf;F cgfhuk; nra;tjw;F mLj;jgbahf ,uj;j

cwtpdUf;Nf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;Jg; NgRfpwJ. NkYk; kpf;f neUq;fpNahhp

ypUe;Nj Muk;gpj;J gbg;gbahf mJ thpirf; fpukkhf nry;y Ntz;Lk;

vd;gijAk; czHj;JfpwJ. NkYk; ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpDs; xt;nthU

tUk; thpirahff; nfhz;L tug;gl;Ls;sdH. Kjypy; FLk;gKk; gpd;dH

cwtpdUk;> gpd;dH r%fj;jpy; cs;NshUk; vd thpirg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdH.

l Rd;dhTk; ,uj;j cwtpd; rpwg;ig gy;NtW tpjkhf typAWj;jpapUf;fpwJ.

egp (]y;) mtHfs; jdJ gpurhuj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj ,jid typAWj;jp

te;Js;shH. jdJ tUifapd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy; ~~kf;fis

cwtpdHfSld; ,izj;J itf;fTk; ,izitg;gij xopf;fTk; Vfj;Jtj;ij

epiyehl;lTNk my;yh`; vd;id mDg;gpAs;shd;.|| (K];ypk;)

l kd;dH `puf;fPyplk; nrd;w J}J Nfh\;baplk; “cq;fsJ egp vjidg;

Nghjpf;fpwhu;?|| vd;W Nfl;ljw;F mj;J}Jf; Nfh\;bapy; ,Ue;j mg+ ]{g;ahd;

gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;. ~~my;yh`;it kl;LNk tzq;f Ntz;Lk; mtDf;F

ahnjhU ,izAk; itf;ff; $lhJ. vkJ %jhijaH nrhy;ypf;

nfhz;bUe;jij tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;. njhOif> tha;ik> xOf;fk;> cwtpd

NuhL Nru;e;J tho;jy; Nghd;w ew;Fzq;fis VTfpwhH.”

l cwtpdiug; Ngzp elg;gJ ,k;khHf;fj;jpd; milahsq;fspy; xd;whFk;.

Vfj;Jtk;> njhOifAld; ,izj;J cwTfisg; NgZtJ typAWj;jg;

gl;Ls;sJ.

l my;yh ;̀Tf;Fk;> ,uj;j cwTfisg; NrHj;J elj;jy; vd;w mk;rj;Jf;Fkpil

apy; epyTk; md;dpNahd;a cwit gpd;tUk; `jP]; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ.

“,dge;Jf;fs; cwthdJ my;yh`;tpd; mu;\py; njhq;fpa tz;zk;

gpd;tUkhW $Wk;. vd;idr; NrHe;J elg;gtid my;yh`; NrHe;J elg;ghd;.

vd;idj; Jz;bj;J elg;gtdJ cwit my;yh`; Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;thd;”

(G`hhp)

l ,uj;j cwitg; NgZtjdhy; gy ed;ikfs; tpisfpd;wd. mit:

1. Rtdk; fpilf;Fk;

• xU kdpjH egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu vd;id

Rtdj;jpy; Eioar; nra;Ak; xU nraiy vdf;F mwptpAq;fs; vd;W

Nfl;lhH. mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; “ePu; my;yh ;̀it tzq;fp> mtDf;F

ve;jnthd;iwAk; ,izitf;fhjpUg;gJ> njhOifia epiyehl;LtJ>

]fhj;ij nfhLj;J tUtJ kw;Wk; ,uj;j ge;jq;fNshL ,ize;jpUg;gJ”

vd;W $wpdhHfs;. (G`hhp)

2. tho;tpy; tpUj;jp> ePbj;j MAs; fpl;Lk;

• “vtH jdJ tho;f;if trjpfs; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;> MAs;

ePskhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtH jdJ ,dge;Jf;fSld;

,ize;J thol;Lk;” (G`hhp) mjhtJ NjfhNuhf;fpak; kdepiwTld;

$ba ey;tho;T vd;gNj ePbj;j MAs; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLfpwJ.

3. nry;tk; mjpfhpf;Fk;

4. gpwH Nerk; fpl;Lk;


• “jdJ ,ul;rfid mQ;rp> ,uj;j ge;jq;fSld; ,ize;J tho;gtDila

MAs; ePskhf;fg;gLk;. nry;tq;fs; ngUFk;. mtiu mtuJ FLk;gj;jpdH

Nerpg;ghHfs;.” (mjGy; Kg;uj;)

,uj;j cwitg; Jz;bj;J elg;gjhy; gy ghjf tpisTfs; Vw;gLk;.

1. cwTfisj; Jz;bg;gJ xU ghtkhFk;. mJ my;yh`;tpd; Nfhgj;ijAk;

ntWg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jp> kWikapy; Rtd tho;itAk; jLf;Fk;

• Rtdk; fpilf;fhJ Nghjy;

~~,uj;j ge;jj;Jtj;ij Jz;bg;gtd; Rtdk; Eioa khl;lhd;.|| (G`hhp)

2. my;yh`;tpd; mUs; fpilf;fhik

“xU $l;lj;jpy; cwTfisj; Jz;bj;J tho;gtd; ,Ue;jhy; me;j rigapd;

kPJ my;yh`;tpd; mUs; ,wq;fhJ” (ig`fp)

3. mky;fs; mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhik

kdpjHfsJ nray;fs; my;yh`;tplk; tpahod;> jpq;fs; ,uTfspy; vLj;Jf;

fhz;gpf;fg;gLk;. mg;NghJ cwTfisj; Jz;bj;Jf; nfhz;ltdJ mky;fs;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. (G`hup)

4. ,iw jz;lid fpilj;jy;

“kW cyfpy; my;yh`; jz;bg;gJld; ,t;TyfpYk; ,iw jz;lid

fpilg;gjw;F kpfj; jFjpahd Fw;wk; cwTfisj; Jz;bj;J elg;gJk;>

mf;fpukk; nra;tJkhFk;” (mg+jht+j;)

5. ,iw njhlHG Jz;bf;fg;gly;

“ahH ,uj;j ge;jj;ijr; Nru;e;J elf;fpwhNuh mtiu ehDk; NrHj;Jf;

nfhs;fpNwd;. vtH mij Jz;bj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhNuh mtiu ehDk; Jz;bj;J

tpLfpNwd;.” (mg+jht+j;)

cwtpdUld; ,ize;jpUj;jy;cwtpdUld; ,ize;jpUj;jy;cwtpdUld; ,ize;jpUj;jy;cwtpdUld; ,ize;jpUj;jy;cwtpdUld; ,ize;jpUj;jy;

• gjpYf;Fg; gjpy; cwthLgtH (cz;ikapy;) cwitg; NgZgtu; my;yu;.

khwhf cwtpdu;fs; cwitj; Jz;bj;J tho;e;jhYk; mtu;fSld;

,izgtNu cwitg; NgZgtu; Mthu;. (G`hhp)

• cwtpdUld; NrHe;J ele;J mtHfSf;F cgfhuk; nra;J fz;zpag;gLj;j

Ntz;Lk;. Kjypy; jha;> mLj;J je;ij mLj;J cwtpdH vd mJ ePz;L

nry;fpwJ

• cwtpdUf;F cjTtjd; %yk; ,ul;bg;ghd $yp fpl;LfpwJ. cwtpdH Njit

AilatHfshf ,Ue;J nghUshjhu neUf;fbf;Fs;shdhy; mjpfk; cjtp

nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; my;yh ;̀tpd; ew;$ypAk; cwtpdhpd; NerKk; fpl;Lk;.

• cwtpdiur; NrHe;J elg;gJ gw;wp ,g;D mgP [k;uh gpd;tUkhW tpsf;F

fpwhH. KbAkhdsT mtu;fSf;F ed;ik nra;tJk; KbAkhdsT mtu;fsJ

f\;lq;fis mfw;wg; ghLgLtJNk ,jd; nghUshFk;.


• K];ypk; my;yhjtuhapDk; ,uj;j cwitg; NrHe;J elg;gJk; mtHfSf;F

cjtp nra;tJk; mtrpakhFk;. ,d;d FLk;gj;ijr; NrHe;NjhH vd; NerHfs;

my;yH. vd; NerHfs; ahnudpy; my;yh`;Tk; ey;y ,iw ek;gpf;ifahsH

fSk;jhd;. MapDk; mf;FLk;gj;jhUld; vdf;F ,uj;j ge;jk; cz;L mij

ehd; cgfhuj;jpd; %yk; gRikahf;FfpNwd; vd egp (]y;) mtHfs;

$wpdhHfs;. (G`hhp)

• jPa elj;ijapypUg;gpDk; cwtpdUf;F cjt Ntz;Lk;. ckH (uop) mtHfs;

jdf;F egp (]y;) mtHfs; toq;fpa Milia jdJ jha;top rNfhjuuhd

xU K\;hpf;Ff;F toq;fpdhH. mg+gf;H (uop) jdJ cwtpduhd kp];jh`;

,g;D mjhjh vd;w Viof;F nghUshjhu cjtp toq;fp te;jhH. mtH

Map\h (uop) kPJ gLJ}W nrhd;dtu;fSs; xUtuhff; fz;L cjtp nra;tij

epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhH. ,ijf; fz;bj;J my;yh`; t`p ,wf;fpdhd;. (E}H -

22) jdJ jtiw czHe;j mg+gf;H kPz;Lk; cjtpiaj; njhlHe;jhH.

• vy;yh epiyapYk; cwitg; Ngzp r%f tho;tpy; If;fpak; xw;Wik kyu

xU K];ypk; ciof;f Ntz;Lk;

mayhu;mayhu;mayhu;mayhu;mayhu;

• jdpkdpj> FLk;g tho;tpy; Ngz Ntz;ba Kf;fpa XH mk;rkhf mayhH

cwT fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,];yhk; mayhUld; Ngz Ntz;ba cwit kpf

mjpfkhf typAWj;jpr; nrhy;fpwJ

• ,];yhkpa r%f> FLk;g mikg;Gg; gw;wp NgRk; ]_wh ep]h mz;il

mayhH gw;wp gpd;tUkhW NgRfpwJ.

• my;yh ;̀ xUtidNa tzq;Fq;fs;. mtDf;F ahnjhd;iwAk; ,izahf;fh

jPHfs;. jha;> je;ijaUf;F ed;wp nrYj;Jq;fs;. (mt;thNw) cwtpdHfSf;Fk;

mehijfSf;Fk; ViofSf;Fk; mz;il tPl;bYs;s cwtpdHfSf;Fk; me;epa

mz;il tPl;lhUf;Fk; (vg;nghOJk;) cq;fSld; ,Uf;ff;$ba rpNefpjH

fSf;Fk;> gpuahzpfSf;Fk; cq;fsplKs;s mbikfSf;Fk; (md;Gld;)

ed;wp nra;Aq;fs;. vtd; fHtk; nfhz;L ngUikahf elf;fpd;whNdh mtid

epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀ Nerpg;gjpy;iy (4:36) ,t;trdj;jpy; cgfhuk; nra;Ak;gb

Vty; (fl;lis) mikg;gpy; te;jpUg;gJ ,jd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijNa vLj;Jf;

fhl;LfpwJ.

• myp (uop) mtHfsJ fUj;Jg;gb may; tPl;lhH vd;gJ vkJ rg;jj;ij

nrtpkLg;NghH MthH. Map\h (uop) mtHfsJ fUj;Jg;gb xt;nthU jpir

apYk; cs;s ehw;gJ tPLfs; maytu; MtH.

• nghJthf may;tPl;lhH vDk; NghJ K];ypk;> fhgpH> ey;ytd;> nfl;ltd;>

ez;gd;> giftd;> CHthrp> me;epa ehl;lhd;> ed;ik nra;gtd;> jPik

nra;gtd;> cwtpdd;> cwtw;wtd; Nghd;w midtUk; cs;slq;FtH

• ira;apj; Riykhd; ej;tp mtHfs; may; tPl;lhH gw;wp tpsf;Fifapy;:

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtHfsJ khHf;fk; ekJ tPl;Lf;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gtid

kl;Lk; mz;il tPl;Lf;fhud; vd;W Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf ~my;[hH| vd;w

gjk; xUtDf;Fg; gf;fj;jpypUg;gtiuf; Fwpf;fg; nghJthfg; gad;gLj;Jt

Jz;L. mjhtJ gpuahzj;jpd; NghJ jd;gf;fj;Nj mkHe;jpUg;gtH> tFg;gpy;


rf khztd;> njhopw;rhiyapy;> filapy; jd;NdhL NrHe;J Ntiy nra;gtH>

njhOifapy; gf;fj;jpy; epd;W njhOgtH> cq;fNshL ghijapy; vjpNu

ele;J nry;gtH> filnahd;wpy; ePq;fs; nghUs; xd;iw thq;Fk;NghJ

vjpNu nghUs; thq;f te;jpUf;Fk; kw;nwhUtH Nghd;w gyiuAk; Fwpf;f

,g;gjk; gad;gLtJz;L.

• mz;il tPl;lhH gytpjk; :

• egp (]y;) mtHfs; mz;il tPl;lhH %d;W tifapdH vd etpd;whHfs;

• Kjy;tif: K\;hpf; (,izitg;gtd;) ,td; mz;il tPl;Lf;fhud; vd;w

mbg;gilapy; cjtp nra;a Ntz;ba chpikiag; ngw;wtd;.

• ,uz;lhk; tif : K];ypk;. ,tDf;F mz;il tPl;Lf;fhud; vd;w mbg;gilapy;

XH chpik. K];ypk; vd;w mbg;gilapy; XH chpik vd ,uz;L tifahd

neUf;fk; cz;L.

• %d;whk; tif : cwTf;fhu K];ypk;. ,tDf;F %d;W tifahd neUf;fk;

cz;L. xd;W> mz;il tPl;Lf;fhud; vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,uz;L> K];ypk;

vd;w mbg;gilapy;> %d;W> cwTf;fhud; vd;w mbg;gilapy; (K];dj;)

mz;il tPl;lhUld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiwmz;il tPl;lhUld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiwmz;il tPl;lhUld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiwmz;il tPl;lhUld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiwmz;il tPl;lhUld; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kiw

• nfsutkhf elj;jy;:

~~ahH my;yh`;itAk; kWik ehisAk; tpRthrpf;fpwhNuh mtH jdJ

mayhiuf; fz;zpag;gLj;jl;Lk;.|| (G`hhp)

• md;gspg;Gf;fs; toq;Fjy;:

egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: “K];ypk; ngz;fNs mz;il tPl;lhUf;Ff;

nfhLg;gij mw;gkhff; fUj Ntz;lhk;. mJ Ml;Lf;; Fok;ghf ,Ug;gpDk;

rupNa” (G`hhp).

• mz;il tPl;lhUld; rpwe;j Kiwapy; elj;jy;

egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: “my;yh`;tpd; ghHitapy; Njhoikahy;

kpfr; rpwe;jtH jkJ NjhoHfsplKk; rpwe;J tpsq;FgtNu! my;yh`;tpd;

ghHitapy; rpwe;j mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuu; jdJ mz;il tPl;lhhpd; rpwe;jtuhf

,Ug;gtNu” (jpu;kpjp)

• cgfhuk; GhpjYk;> ,d;g Jd;gq;fspy; gq;nfLj;jYk;

egp (]y;) mtHfs; mUspdhHfs;. mz;il tPl;Lf;fhuDf;F ehk; nra;a

Ntz;ba flikfs;.

mtd; NehAw;why; mtdplk; nrd;W eyk; tprhhpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mtd; ,we;jhy; mtdJ [dh]htpy; fye;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

mtd; fld; Nfl;lhy; Kbe;jtiu cjt Ntz;Lk;.

mtd; VjhtJ jtW nra;jhy; mij kiwf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mtd; VjhtJ eyd; fPl;bdhy; tho;j;Jj; njhptpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mtDf;F VjhtJ Jd;gk; Vw;gl;lhy; MWjy; $w Ntz;Lk;.


mtdJ tPl;Lf;Fs; fhw;Wg; Gfh tz;zk; cd; tPl;Lr; Rtiu cau;j;jf;

$lhJ.

tpNrlkhd czT rikj;jhy; mtDf;Ff; nfhLj;Jjt Ntz;Lk; (jguhdp)

1. Kjyplk; toq;Fjy;:

• xUtH jdJ tPl;il my;yJ nrhj;ij tpw;gjhapd; mtw;iw thq;f tUNthhpy;

may;tPl;Lf; fhuUf;Nf Kd;Dhpik toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd gpf;`{j; Jiwapy;

“m\;\{g;M” vd;w gFjp tpsf;FfpwJ

2. gpwuJ jPikfspypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;:

may; tPl;lhUf;F gpwuhy; f\;lq;fs; Jd;gq;fs; Vw;gLk;NghJ jd;dhy;

KbAkhdsT xj;Jiog;ig toq;fp mtiug; ghJfhf;f Kd;tu Ntz;Lk;

3. mayhDf;Fj; jPq;Nfw;glhjthW ele;J nfhs;sy;:

~~ve;j kdpjdJ jPikfspypUe;J mtdJ mz;il tPl;lhd; ghJfhg;Gg;

ngwtpy;iyNah my;yh`; kPJ rj;jpakhf mtd; K/kpdy;yd; vd %d;W

Kiw rj;jpak; nra;J egp (]y;) mtHfs; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;|| (G`hup)

• jdJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; midj;jpypUe;Jk; mayhd; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw

Ntz;Lk;. mayhdpd; khdk;> nfsutk; vd;gd mkhdpjkhfg; ghJfhf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. mtdJ Fiwfisj; Njlf;$lhJ. njhpe;jhYk; ntspg;gLj;jf;

$lhJ. xUtd; may;tPl;lhdpd; nrhj;ijj; jpULtJ Vida gj;J

jpUl;Lf;fis tpl NkhrkhdjhFk;. (jg;uhdp) ,jd; fUj;J mayhDf;F

,iof;Fk; jPq;F> mepahak; vd;gtw;Wf;Fj; jz;lid mJ Nghd;w Vida

gj;Jf; Fw;wq;fSf;Fhpa jz;lidahFk;.

• xU kdpjH egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; te;J xU ngz; njhOfpwhs;> Nehd;G

itf;fpwhs;> epiwa jHkq;fs; nra;fpwhs;. Mdhy; jdJ ehthy; mz;il

tPl;lhiu kdk; NehFk;gb NgRfpwhs; vd;W $wpaNghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs;

mts; eufk; nry;fpwhs; vd;whHfs;. ,d;ndhU ngz; tzf;f topghLfisAk;

jhd jHkq;fisAk; FiwthfNt nra;fpwhs;. Mdhy;> mz;il tPl;lhiu

kfpo;r;rpahf itj;jpUf;fpwhs;. njhy;iyfs; jUtjpy;iy vdf; $wpaNghJ

egp (]y;) mtHfs; mts; Rtdk; nry;ths; vd;whHfs; (ig`fp)

• ,khk; f];]hyp mtHfs; mz;il tPl;lhUf;Fhpa flikfis gpd;tUkhW

jdJ ‘,`;ah cYKj;jPdpy;’ Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;.

1. mz;il tPl;lhUf;F ]yhk; $Wjy;

2. mtu;fSf;F ntWg;G tuhj tz;zk; msNthL NgRjy;

3. mbf;fb eyk; tprhhpj;jy;

4. Neha;tha;g;gl;lhy; eyk; Nfl;ly;

5. mtu;fs;; Jd;gg;gLk;NghJ cjtp nra;jy;

6. kuzk; Nghd;wit epfo;e;jhy; fye;J nfhs;sy;

7. kfpo;r;rpahd Ntisfspy; tho;j;Jj; njhptpj;J kfpo;r;rpapy; gq;nfLj;jy;

8. mtu;fsJ jtWfis kd;dpj;jy;


9. mtu;fspd; tPl;bDs; vl;bg; ghHf;fhkypUj;jy;

10. vkJ tPl;bd; fopT ePu; fhy;thia mz;il tPl;bd; Kd; mikf;fhjpUj;jy;

11. Fg;igfis mz;il tPl;bd; Kd; NghlhjpUj;jy;

12. mtu;fsJ tPl;Lg;ghijia neUf;fbf;Fs;shf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;

13. mtu;fs; jk;; tPl;Lf;F thq;fpf; nry;Yk; nghUl;fis $He;J ftdpahky;

,Uj;jy;

14. mtu;fsJ gytPdq;fis kiwj;jy;

15. Njitahd rkaq;fspy; cjtpaha; ,Uj;jy;

16. mttu;fsJ ,y;yhj NghJ tPl;ilg; ghJfhj;jy;

17. mtu;fSf;F vjpuhfg; Gwk; NgrhjpUj;jy;> Nfhs; nrhy;tijj; jtpHj;jy;

18. mtu;fsJ fz;zpaj;ijAk; khpahijiaAk; fhj;jy;

19. mtu;fsJ Foe;ijfis Nerpj;jy;

20. khu;f;f mwpT> cyf elg;G njhpahjtdhf ,Ue;jhy; mtDf;F

topfhl;Ljy;

• egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; “thupRhpikiaf; flikahf;fp tpLthNuh

vd;W ehd; vz;ZksT mz;il tPl;lhiug; gw;wp [pg;hpy; (miy) mtHfs;

vdf;F cgNjrpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhHfs;”

• xU K];ypk; jdpkdpj> FLk;g tho;tpy; ,];yhj;jpd; Nghjidfis Vw;W

elg;gjd; %yk; rpwe;jNjhH tho;itg; ngw;W mjD}lhf rpwe;jNjhH

rKjhaj;ij fl;bnaOg;g KbAk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;


gb gb gb gb gb I jdpkdpj tho;T> FLk;g tho;T ,uz;bidAk; xg;gpl;L ftHr;rpahdnjhU

mwpKfk; nra;Aq;fs;

gb gb gb gb gb II khztHfis ehd;F FOf;fshfg; gphpj;J xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUk;

jiyg;Gf;fis toq;fp (E}y;fs;> ,izak; %yk;) jfty; jpul;l

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;

FO-1 FLk;g tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> tpthfk;

FO-2 fztd;-kidtp> ngw;NwhH-gps;is chpikfSk; flikfSk;

FO-3 mz;il mayhUk;> cwtpdUk;

FO-4 tpthf tpyf;Fk; ,j;jhTk;

gb gb gb gb gb III jhk; jpul;batw;iw ikakhf itj;J FOf;fspilNa fye;Jiuahl

nyhd;iw Vw;ghL nra;Aq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV fye;Jiuahlypd; rhuk;rj;ij Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;gb mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.



• gpe;Jy; ,];yhk;> (2008)> cwTfSk; chpikfSk;> nrd;id> ,];yhkpa

epWtdk; l;u];l;.

• ,khk; f];]hyp> (1958)> jpUkzk;> nrd;id> Adptu;]y; gg;sp\H];.

• kd;]_H vk;.V.vk;. (1993)> jpUkzk;> ky;thid> jhUy; mHfk; gjpg;gfk;.

• igNuh]; fhd; Kfk;kj;> (2007)> kzf;Fk; kz tho;T> nrd;id> kf;fs;

Nrit gjpg;gfk;.

• [khYj;jPd;> vk;.V.vk;. (2001)> ,];yhj;jpy; FLk;gtpay;> nrd;id> GHfhd;

gg;spNf\d; l;u];l;

• myp my; `h\pkp Kfk;kj;> (2007)> Kd;khjphp K];ypk;> nrd;id> jhUy;

`{jh.

• mkPd; vk;.I.vk;.> (2008)> ,];yhkpaf; FLk;g tho;T> n`k;khjfk> my;̀ ]dhj;

gjpg;gfk;.

• wkP]; V.]P.vk;. (2010)> ,];yhj;jpy; Foe;ij tsu;g;G> nfhOk;G> kPs;ghu;it

Clf ikak;.


Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0Nju;r;rp 8.0 ::::: jdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpajdpkdpj FLk;g tho;Tld; njhlHghd ,];yhkpa

rl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJrl;l jpl;lq;fisAk; NghjidfisAk; fw;W jdJ

tho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thHtho;it newpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thH.....

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 8.28.28.28.28.2 ::::: kdpj tho;tpd; mbg;gilj; Njitfshd czT> cil>

tPL njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa newpKiwfisAk; tpjpKiw

fisAk; gpd;gw;wp xOFthh;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l `yhiy filg;gpbj;J ùhj;ij jtpu;e;J elg;gjd;

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Fthh;.

l `yhy; - ùhk; tiuaiwfs;> tpjp Kiwfs; gw;wpj;

njupe;J vOJthh;.

l czT> cil. tPL njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpag; Nghjid

fis tpsq;fp tho;tpy; filg;gpbg;ghh;.


l `yhy;-ùhk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; tiuaiwfSk; tpjpKiwfSk;`yhy;-ùhk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; tiuaiwfSk; tpjpKiwfSk;`yhy;-ùhk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; tiuaiwfSk; tpjpKiwfSk;`yhy;-ùhk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; tiuaiwfSk; tpjpKiwfSk;`yhy;-ùhk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; tiuaiwfSk; tpjpKiwfSk;

l \uPM mDkjpj;j midj;ijAk; ‘`yhy;’ vd;w gjk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

rpy tplaq;fis \uPM jpl;ltl;lkhfj; jil nra;Js;sJ. ,j;jilfis

kPWNthh; kWikapy; jz;lidf;F cs;shth;. rpyNtis cyfpYk; mtu;fs;

jz;lidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLth;. ,j;jifa tplaq;fis ‘ùhk;’ vd;w gjk;

cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

l ,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd; `yhy;-ùhk; tplaj;jpy; kf;fs; jkJ

kNdh,r;irg; gpufhuk; njhopw;gl;ldu;;. cjhuzkhf muG r%fj;jpdu; kJghdk;

mUe;Jtjid> gd;klq;fhf tl;b rhg;gpLtjid ngz;fSf;Fj;

jPq;fpiog;gjid ̀ yhy; vdf; fUjpdh;. mtu;fspy; gyu; jkJ gps;isfis

tWikf;F mQ;rp my;yJ mtkhdj;Jf;F mQ;rp nfhiy nra;tjidf; $l

`yhy; vd;W fUjpdh;. Mdhy; mNjNtis my;yh`; mDkjpj;j gy;NtW

fhy;eilfisAk; gapupdq;fisAk; ùhk; vd;W fUjpf; nfhz;bUe;jdh;.

my;Fh;Md; mth;fsJ epahakw;w ,e;eltbf;iffisf; fz;bj;jJ. (ghh;f;f:

6:138-140)

l `yhy;-ùhk; gw;wpa KbTfSf;F tUk; nghWg;ig kNdh ,r;iraplk;

,];yhk; tpl;Ltpltpy;iy. khwhf mjw;Fupa tiuaiwfisAk; tpjpKiw

fisAk; Kd;itj;jJ.

l `yhy;-ùhk; rk;ge;jkhf ,];yhk; Kd;itj;j mbg;gilahd rpy tpjpfs;

,q;F jug;gLfpd;wd.

01. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa01. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa01. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa01. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa01. mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa

my;yh`; gilj;jpUf;Fk; nghUl;fs;> midj;Jk; mbg;gilapy; MFkhd

itNa. mtw;Ws; vijahtJ $lhJ vd;W nrhy;tjhapd; my;Fh;MdpypUe;Njh

]_d;dhtpypUe;Njh mjw;F jpl;ltl;lkhd Mjhuk; fhl;lg;gLtJ mtrpakhFk;

vd;w fUj;ijNa ,t;tpjp Kd;itf;fpwJ.


,t;tpjpia Kd;itf;Fk; ,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs; ,jw;F Mjhukhf gy;NtW

my;Fh;Md; trdq;fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wdh;. “mtd; vj;jifatd; vd;why;

mtNd cyfpYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;fhfg; gilj;jhd;.|| (2:29)

“mtNd thdq;fspYs;sit> G+kpaYs;sit midj;ijAk; jd; mUshy;

cq;fSf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhd;” (45:13)

“thdq;fspYk; G+kpapYk; cs;stw;iw my;yh`; cq;fSf;F trg;gLj;jp

je;Js;shd; vd;gijAk;> NkYk; ntspg;gilahd kw;Wk; kiwthd jd;Dila

mUl;nfhilfis cq;fSf;F mtd; epiwthf;fp je;Js;shd; vd;gijAk;

ePq;fs; ghh;f;ftpy;iyah?” (31:20)

,t;trdq;fspy; thdq;fspy;> G+kpapy; cs;sit kdpjDf;fhf gilf;fg;gl;Ls;

sd@ mtDf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd@ mtDf;F mUshf mit

Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;w fUj;J Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mt;thwhapd; kdpj

eyDf;fhf gilf;fg;gl;l midj;Jk; my;yJ mtw;Ws; ngUk;ghyhdit

jLf;fg;gl;litahf - ùhkhditahf ,Ue;jhy; vt;thW mtw;iw kdpj

r%fj;Jf;F nra;ag;gl;l mUl;nfhilfshff; Fwpg;gpl KbAk;? vdNt>

,t;trdj;jpypUe;J `yhypd; tl;lk; kpfTk; tpupe;jJ vd;w fUj;ijg; Gupa

Kbfpd;wJ. kdpj eyidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L rpytw;iw my;yh`; ùhk;

vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. ̀ yhYld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ̀ uhk; vd Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

tw;wpd; vz;zpf;if kpfTk; FiwthdJ.

“mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa” vDk; ,t;tpjp tzf;f topghLfs;

jtph;e;j ,ju kdpj eltbf;iffSf;Fk; njhopw;ghLfSf;Fk; nghUe;jf;

$bajhFk;. tzf;f topghLfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,uz;L gpujhd

mk;rq;fs; kwf;fg;glf;$lhJ.

1. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk tzq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2. my;yh`; fhl;bj; je;jpUf;Fk; topKiwfspD}lhfNt mtd; tzq;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

vdNt Gjpa xU njhOifiaNah> Nehd;igNah> ]ythj;ijNah cUthf;f

vtUf;Fk; mDkjp toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

kdpj eltbf;iffs;> njhopw;ghLfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtw;iw

cUthf;Fgtd; kdpjNd. vdNt mbg;gilapy; mit MFkhditNa.

,tw;Ws; \uPM jilnra;gtw;iw khj;jpuNk ùhk; vd Fwpg;gplyhk;.

RUq;ff; $wpd; xU nghUisNah> gaidNah> kdpj eltbf;ifiaNah

‘ùhk;’ vd Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ mjw;F jpl;ltl;lkhd Mjhuk; fhl;lg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; mbg;gilapy; midj;Jk; MFkhditNa.

02. `yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupikahFk;.02. `yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupikahFk;.02. `yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupikahFk;.02. `yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupikahFk;.02. `yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupikahFk;.

cyfpy; kdpju;fs; vj;juj;ij mile;j NghjpYk; mtu;fSf;F vijAk;

epue;jukhf `yhyhf;Ffpd;w my;yJ ùhkhf;Ffpd;w chpik toq;fg;gl

tpy;iy. ahh; ,iwtdJ ,t;Tupikapy; ifitf;fpd;whNuh mth; jdJ

tuk;ig kPwpatuhf fUjg;gLthh;. mt;thNw mtiu Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wpath;fs;

mtiu tzq;fpath;fshff; fUjg;gLtu;;@ ,izitj;jth;fshff; fUjg;gLth;.

“my;yh`; mDkjpf;fhj vjidAk; mtu;fSf;F khu;f;fkhf;fp itf;ff;

$ba ,iz (nja;tq;fs;) mtu;fSf;F ,Uf;fpd;wdth?” (42:21)


“mjP gpd; `hjpk; (wop) egp (]y;) mtu;fsplj;jpy; te;jhh;- ,];yhj;ij

Vw;f Kd; mth; xU fpwp];jtuhf ,Ue;jhh;. egp (]y;) mth;fs;> ~~mth;fs;

my;yh`;it tpl;Lj; jkJ ghjphpfisAk;> re;epahrpfisAk;> ku;aKila

kfdhfpa k]PiÀk; nja;tq;fshf;fpf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. Mdhy; mth;fNsh

xNu ,iwtidj; jtpu NtW vtiuAk; tzq;ff; $lhnjd;W fl;lisaplg;

gl;Ls;shh;fs;. mtdd;wp NtW ,iwtd; ,y;iy. mtd; mth;fs; ,izitg;g

tw;iw tpl;Lk; kpfTk; gupRj;jkhdtd; (9:31) vDk; trdj;ij XJtij

nrtpAw;whh;. mg;NghJ “my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! mth;fs; jkJ ghjpupfisAk;

re;epahrpfisAk; tzq;ftpy;iy|| vdf; $wpdhh;. mg;NghJ egp (]y;)

mth;fs;> cz;ikjhd;. Mdhy; ghjphpfSk; re;epahrpfSk; `yhiy

ùhkhf;fpdh;. ̀ uhik ̀ yhyhf;fpdh;. mth;fSk; mjid Vw;Wg; gpd;gw;wpdh;.

,JNt mk;kf;fs; mth;fSf;Fr; nra;j tzf;fk; vd;whh;fs;” (jph;kpjp)

K\;hpfPd;fs; my;yh ;̀tpd; mDkjpapd;wp ̀ yhyhf;Ffpd;w> ̀ uhkhf;Ffpd;w

Ntiyiar; nra;jjid my;Fh;Md; fz;bj;jJ. (ghu;f;f 10:59>16:115)

,j;jifa my;Fh;Md; trdq;fspypUe;Jk; njspthd `jP];fspypUe;Jk;

`yhyhf;FtJk; ùhkhf;FtJk; ,iwtdJ cupik vd;w KbTf;F

,khk;fs; te;jdh;.

~~my;Fh;Mdpy; vt;tpj tpsf;fj;jpw;fhd NjitAk; ,d;wp njspthff; fhzg;gLk;

mk;rq;fisj; jtpu Vidatw;wpy; ,J ̀ yhy; ,J ̀ uhk; vd rl;lj; jPh;g;G

toq;Ftjid ntWf;Fk; epiyapNyNa vkJ Mrhd;fshd mwpQh;fis

ehk; fz;Lnfhz;Nlhk;|| vd ,khk; \hgp< jdJ ~my;ck;K| vd;w E}ypy;

gjpT nra;Js;sjhf ,khk; mG+A+Rg; $Wfpwhu;.

03 . `yhyhdij ùhkhf ;FtJ> ùhkhdij `yhyhf ;FtJ03 . `yhyhdij ùhkhf ;FtJ> ùhkhdij `yhyhf ;FtJ03 . `yhyhdij ùhkhf ;FtJ> ùhkhdij `yhyhf ;FtJ03 . `yhyhdij ùhkhf ;FtJ> ùhkhdij `yhyhf ;FtJ03 . `yhyhdij ùhkhf ;FtJ> ùhkhdij `yhyhf ;FtJ

,izitg;gjw;Fr; rkkhFk;.,izitg;gjw;Fr; rkkhFk;.,izitg;gjw;Fr; rkkhFk;.,izitg;gjw;Fr; rkkhFk;.,izitg;gjw;Fr; rkkhFk;.

`yhiy ̀ uhkhf;FtijAk; ̀ uhik ̀ yhyhf;FtijAk; ,];yhk; fz;bf;

fpd;wJ. my;yh`; nrhy;tjhf egp (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpL

fpd;whh;fs;. “vdJ mbahh;fis ehd; J}a;ikahdth;fshf gilj;jpUf;fpNwd;.

mth;fsplj;jpy; i\j;jhd;fs; te;jdh;. mth;fis mth;fsJ khh;f;fj;jp

ypUe;Jk; jpirjpUg;gpdh;. ehd; mth;fSf;F ̀ yhyhf;fpatw;iw ̀ uhkhf;fpdh;.

ehd; ,wf;fp itj;jpUf;fhjtw;iwf; nfhz;L vdf;F ,izitf;FkhW

mth;fis Vtpdh;” (K];ypk;)

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ̀ jP]py; \pu;ifAk; ̀ yhiy ̀ uhkhf;FtijAk; xd;whf

,izj;J fz;ldk; njhptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

my;Fh;Md; K\;upfPd;fs; my;yh`; mDkjpj;jtw;iw ùhk; Mf;fpf;

nfhz;ljid gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; td;ikahff; fz;bj;Js;sJ. (ghu;f;f

5:103-104> 6:143-144)

gpd;tUk; trdq;fspy; my;Fh;Md; ̀ yhiy ̀ uhkhf;Ftij fz;bf;fpd;wJ.

ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sit ve;j mbg;gilapy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vDk;

fUj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.

~~(egpNa!) my;yh`; jd; mbahu;fSf;fhf mspj;jpUf;Fk; (Mil) myq;

fhuj;ijAk; gupRj;jkhd (Nkyhd) Mfhuj;ijAk; (Mfhjitnad;W) jLg;gtu;

ahu;? vd;W Nfl;L> mJ ,t;Tyf tho;tpy; tpRthrk; nfhz;ltu;fSf;Fk;

MFkhdNj! vdpDk;> kWik ehspy; (mtu;fSf;F kl;LNk) nrhe;jkhdJ

vd;Wk; $WtPuhf.|| (7:32)


~~egpNa! ePu; $Wk; epr;rakhf vd;Dila ,iwtd; (Mfhnjd;W) jLj;jpUg;g

njy;yhk;> gufrpakhfNth> ,ufrpakhfNth nra;ag;gLk; khdf;Nflhd

nray;fisAk; kw;w ghtq;fisAk; epahakpd;wp (xUtu; kPJ xUtu;) nfhLik

nra;tijAk;@ ahNjhu; MjhuKkpy;yhjpUf;Fk;NghNj my;yh`;Tf;F ePq;fs;

,izitg;gijAk;@ ePq;fs; mwpahjtw;iw my;yh`;tpd; kPJ (ngha;ahff;)

$WtijAk; jhd;.|| (7:33)

kf;fhtpy; itj;Nj gy mj;jpahaq;fspy; ̀ yhiy ̀ uhkhf;Ftjid> ̀ uhik

`yhyhf;Ftjid my;Fh;Md; fz;bj;Js;sik mJ xU ghuJ}ukhd nray;

vd;gjid czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.

kjPdhtpy; rpy K];ypk;fs; fLikahd tho;f;ifg; Nghf;if filg;gpbf;f

Kw;gl;l NghJ> `yhyhdtw;iw jkf;F ùhkhf;fpf; nfhs;s Kide;j

NghJ my;Fh;Md; mjidf; fz;bj;jJ. (ghu;f;f 5:87-88)

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l trdq;fspypUe;J jhd; ,t;tpjp ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ.

04. jPq;F gag;gdNt ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.04. jPq;F gag;gdNt ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.04. jPq;F gag;gdNt ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.04. jPq;F gag;gdNt ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.04. jPq;F gag;gdNt ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

gilj;j ,iwtDf;F jhd; tpUk;gpaij `yhyhf;f> epidj;jtw;iw

ùhkhf;f cupikapUf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk; mtd; mg;gb jd; cupikia

gpuNahfpf;ftpy;iy. xd;iw ̀ yhyhf;Fk; NghJ my;yJ ̀ ukhf;Fk; NghJ

kdpj eyidNa mtd; fUj;jpy; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;.

gd;wpapiwr;rp ùhkhf;fg;gl;l NghJ> mJ mUtUf;fj;jf;fJ vd;gijj;

jtpu Ntnwe;j fhuzj;ijAk; md;iwa K];ypk;fs; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.

etPd tpQ;Qhdk; mjpYs;s gaq;fu Mgj;Jf;fs; gw;wp ,d;W vkf;F

mwpT+l;Lfpd;wJ.mt;thNw rhgj;ijj; Njbj;jUk; %d;W mk;rq;fisj; jtpu;e;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;.

1. ePh; epiyfspy; kyk; fopj;jy;

2. ghijapd; eLNt kyk; fopj;jy;

3. epoy; jUk; kuq;fSf;F fPo; kyk; fopj;jy; (mG+jhTj;)

vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;lNghJ> mit kdpj ,ay;G nghJthf

ntWf;fpd;w mUtUf;fj;jf;f fUkq;fs; vd;W khj;jpuNk md;iwa K];ypk;fs;

mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdh;. ,it njhw;WNeha; guTtjpy; Kf;fpa gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd

vd ,d;W fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

RUq;ff; $wpd; ,];yhk; vijahtJ ùhk; vd;W $wpapUg;gpd; mjw;F

epahakhd fhuzk; ,Uf;Fk;. mjpy; nfLjp ,Uf;Fk;> jPq;fpUf;Fk; vd;gij

czu Ntz;Lk;.

05. ùhj;Jf;F gfukhdit `yhypy; cz;L05. ùhj;Jf;F gfukhdit `yhypy; cz;L05. ùhj;Jf;F gfukhdit `yhypy; cz;L05. ùhj;Jf;F gfukhdit `yhypy; cz;L05. ùhj;Jf;F gfukhdit `yhypy; cz;L

,];yhk; kdpj eyidf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;Sk; khh;f;fk;. vdNt mJ vg;NghJk;

kdpj tho;it ,yFgLj;jNt Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ. kdpj tho;itf; fbdkhf;Fk;

vz;zk; mjw;Ff; fpilahJ. vdNtjhd;> xd;iw ̀ uhkhf;Fk;NghJ mjw;Fhpa

gpujpaPl;il toq;f mJ jtwtpy;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;fhf rpy mk;rq;fs;

fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.

tl;b ùhk; - tpahghuk; `yhy;

#jhl;lk; ùhk; - rpwe;j Nghl;b epfo;r;rpfs; `yhy;

tpgr;rhuk;> Xupdr; Nrh;f;if ùhk; - jpUkzk; `yhy;

kJghdk; ùhk; - Fspu;ghdq;fs; `yhy;


06. ùhj;Jf;F toptFg;git ùhkhFk;06. ùhj;Jf;F toptFg;git ùhkhFk;06. ùhj;Jf;F toptFg;git ùhkhFk;06. ùhj;Jf;F toptFg;git ùhkhFk;06. ùhj;Jf;F toptFg;git ùhkhFk;

,];yhk; vijahtJ jilnra;Ak; NghJ> mjw;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;w midj;J

topfisAk; jilnra;aj; jtwtpy;iy. cjhuzkhf tpgr;rhuj;ij jilnra;j

,];yhk; mjw;F toptFf;fpd;w midj;J topfisAk; jilnra;Js;sJ.

,e;j tifapy; me;epa MltUld; jdpj;jpUj;jy;> tuk;Gfisg; NgzhJ

Mz;-ngz; Xhplj;jpy; NrUjy;> mq;f moFfis ntspf;fhl;ly;> Mghr>

epu;thzg; glq;fs;> kl;luf ghly;fs;> fPo;j;jukhd ,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghd;w

midj;ijAk; ,];yhk; jilnra;Js;sJ.

xU ùhj;jpy; <LgLgtDf;Fhpa ghtk; mjw;F xj;Jioj;j midtUf;Fk;

- mtutuJ xj;Jiog;Gf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; - fpl;Lk; vd;w ,];yhj;jpd;

fUj;Jk; ,t;tpjpiag; gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf tl;bia ùhk;

vd;w ,];yhk;> mjid toq;FgtidAk; thq;FgtidAk; vOJgtidAk;

rhl;rpahf ,Ug;gth;fisAk; rgpj;Js;sJ.

vdNt> ùhj;Jf;F cjtpahf mikfpd;w midj;J nraw;ghLfSk; ùh

khditNa. ̀ uhj;Jf;F cjtp nra;Ak; midtUk; ghtj;jpy; gq;Fjhuh;fNs!

07. je;jpukhd topfspy; ùhj;ij nra;tJk; ùhNk07. je;jpukhd topfspy; ùhj;ij nra;tJk; ùhNk07. je;jpukhd topfspy; ùhj;ij nra;tJk; ùhNk07. je;jpukhd topfspy; ùhj;ij nra;tJk; ùhNk07. je;jpukhd topfspy; ùhj;ij nra;tJk; ùhNk

ùhj;Jf;F toptFf;Fk; ntspg;gilahd midj;J topKiwfisAk;

,];yhk; jilnra;fpd;wJ. mt;thNw ̀ uhj;ij nra;tjw;fhf ifahsg;gLk;

kiwKfkhd topfisAk; je;jpNuhghaq;fisAk; mJ jil nra;fpd;wJ.

epr;rakhf vdJ r%fj;jpy; xU gpuptpdh; kJghdj;ij ̀ yhyhff; fUJth;.

mjdJ ngauy;yhj NtW xU ngauhy; mjid mth;fs; miog;gh; (m ;̀kj;)

kdpju;fsplk; xU fhyk; tUk;. tpahghuj;jpd; ngauhy; mth;fs; tl;bia

`yhyhff; fUJth; (,fhrJy; y`;ghd;)

etPd cyfpy; Mghrkhd eldk; ~fiy| vd;w ngahpy; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

tl;b gad;ghL vd;w ngahpy; rhg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ùhj;jpd; ngaiu khw;wp

tpLtjdhy; mJ xU NghJk; `yhyhfp tpLtjpy;iy.

08. ey;nyz;zk; ùhj;ij epahag;gLj;jhJ.08. ey;nyz;zk; ùhj;ij epahag;gLj;jhJ.08. ey;nyz;zk; ùhj;ij epahag;gLj;jhJ.08. ey;nyz;zk; ùhj;ij epahag;gLj;jhJ.08. ey;nyz;zk; ùhj;ij epahag;gLj;jhJ.

xU K];ypk; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ve;j xU fUkKk; ey;nyz;zk;

,Uf;Fk;NghJ tzf;fkhf khw;wKWfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;l

tplaq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtw;iwr; nra;gth;fsJ Nehf;fk; vt;tsT

cau;e;jjhf ,Ug;gpDk;> J}a;ikahdjhf ,Ug;gpDk; mt;tplaq;fs;

ùhkhditahfNt fUjg;gLk;. mtw;wpd; Nehf;fk; rpwe;jJ vd;gjdhy;

`yhyhf khwptpLtjpy;iy.

,yl;rpak; rpwe;jjhf ,Ug;gJ Nghy mjid miltjw;fhd topKiwfSk;

rpwe;jjhfNt mika Ntz;Lk; vd;w fUj;ij ,];yhk; Kd;itf;fpwJ.

xUth; tl;b thq;Ftjd; %yk; my;yJ ,yQ;rk; thq;Ftjd; %yk; my;yJ

#jhl;lj;jpd; %yk; my;yJ jilnra;ag;gl;l xU njhopypd; %yk; gzk;

jpul;Lfpd;whh; vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. xU k];[pij epu;khzpf;Fk; ey;y

Nehf;fpNyNa mth; ,t;thW gzk; jpul;bdhYk; mtuJ me;j ed;Nehf;fk;

mtu; nra;Ak; Ntiyia ̀ yhyhdjhf Mf;fp tplhJ. Vnddpy; ,];yhj;jpy;

jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw nghWj;jtiuapy; ey;y Nehf;fk; mtw;iw vt;tifapYk;


epahag;gLj;jhJ. ,f;fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jk; gy `jP];fs; cs;sd. “ahh;

ùhj;jpd; %yk; gzk; jpul;b gpd;dh; ju;kk; nra;fpd;whNuh mtUf;F

mjdhy; vJtpj ed;ikAk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. mjdJ ghtk; jhd; mtUf;Ff;

fpilf;Fk;” (,g;D Fi]kh)

09. ùhj;jpy; tPo;e;J tpLNthk; vDk; gaj;jpy; re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhdtw;iw09. ùhj;jpy; tPo;e;J tpLNthk; vDk; gaj;jpy; re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhdtw;iw09. ùhj;jpy; tPo;e;J tpLNthk; vDk; gaj;jpy; re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhdtw;iw09. ùhj;jpy; tPo;e;J tpLNthk; vDk; gaj;jpy; re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhdtw;iw09. ùhj;jpy; tPo;e;J tpLNthk; vDk; gaj;jpy; re;Njfj;Jf;F ,lkhdtw;iw

tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUj;jy;.tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUj;jy;.tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUj;jy;.tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUj;jy;.tpl;Lk; tpyfpapUj;jy;.

,];yhj;jpy; ̀ yhy; njspthdJ. mt;thNw ̀ uhKk; njspthdJ. ̀ yhyh?

ùhkh? vd;gJ re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhdJ vd;w xU gFjpAk; cz;L. njspthf

ùhkhf;fg;gl;l xU tplaj;jpy; rpf;fpf;nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gjw;fhf re;Njfj;

jpw;fplkhd gFjpia tpl;L tpyfpapUj;jNy NgZjy; vdg;gLfpwJ. ,jw;F

Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; `jP]; mike;Js;sJ. “`yhYk; njspthf cs;sJ

ùhKk; njspthf cs;sJ. Mdhy; ,t;tpuz;Lf;FkpilNa re;Njfj; Jf;Fhpa

ghtq;fspypUe;J tpyfp ,Ug;gtd; gfpuq;fkhd ghtq;fspypUe;Jk; fz;bg;ghf

tpyfpNa ,Ug;ghd;. re;Njfj;jpw;Fhpa ghtq;fspy; JzpTld; <LgLgtd;

ntspg;gilahd ghtq;fspy; tPo;e;J tpl nghpJk; tha;g;Gz;L. ghtq;fs;

my;yh`;tpdhy; jilnra;ag;gl;l gFjpfshFk;. jilnra;ag;gl;l gFjpapd;

mUNf Nka;fpd;w gpuhzp mjDs; GFe;Jtpl ngupJk; tha;g;Gz;L” (G`hhp)

10. ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk10. ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk10. ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk10. ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk10. ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk

,];yhk; xd;iw ùhk; vd $Wk;NghJ mJ midtUf;Fk; ùhkhdJ.

mugpf;F ̀ yhyhd m[kpf;F ̀ uhkhd my;yJ nts;isaDf;F ̀ yhyhd

fWg;gDf;F ̀ uhkhd vJTk; ,];yhj;jpy; fpilahJ. Ml;rpahsh;fSk; rhp>

Msg;gLgth;fSk; rhp> mwpQh;fSk; rhp> nghJkf;fSk; rhp midtUk;

,];yhkpa \hPMtpd; Kd; rkkhdth;fNs. ̀ yhy; midtUf;Fk; ̀ yhNy.

ùhk; midtUf;Fk; ùhNk.

cjhuzkhf jpULjy; midth; kPJk; ùhk; jhd;. jpUbath; ahuhf

,Ue;jhYk;> ahuplkpUe;J jpUlg;gl;bUe;jhYk; jpUl;L ̀ uhkhdNj. ,jidNa

egp (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW gpufldg; gLj;jpdhh;fs;. “my;yh`;tpd; kPJ

rj;jpakhf K`k;kjpd; kfshfpa ghj;jpkh jpUbdhYk; mtsJ fuj;ij

ehd; Jz;bg;Ngd;” (G`hhp)

11. epu;g;ge;jk; jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw MFkhdjhf Mf;Fk;11. epu;g;ge;jk; jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw MFkhdjhf Mf;Fk;11. epu;g;ge;jk; jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw MFkhdjhf Mf;Fk;11. epu;g;ge;jk; jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw MFkhdjhf Mf;Fk;11. epu;g;ge;jk; jLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw MFkhdjhf Mf;Fk;

ùhk; tplaj;jpy; kpfTk; fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; ,];yhk;> kdpj eyd;fis

kwe;J tpltpy;iy. kdpjd; jd;id moptpypUe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf

epu;g;ge;jj;jpd;NghJ jLf;fg;gl;lij nra;tjw;F mJ mDkjp toq;fpAs;sJ.

my;Fh;Md; nrj;jit> ,uj;jk;> gd;wpapiwr;rp> my;yh`; my;yhj ngah;

$wg;gl;lit Mfpad ùhk; vd;W $wpajd; gpd;dh; “vtNuDk; xUth;

(,g;nghUs;fspy; Vjhtnjhd;iwg; Grpf;f Ntz;ba) eph;g;ge;jj;Jf;F

cs;shdhy; ghtk; nra;Ak; Nehf;fkpy;yhkYk; tuk;G kPwhkYk; mjidg;

Grpg;gjpy; mth; kPJ Fw;wkpy;iy. epr;rakhf my;yh`; kd;dpg;G toq;Fg

tdhfTk; fUizAs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhd;|| (2:173) vd;w ,f;fUj;J

my;Fh;Mdpy; ehd;F ,lq;fspy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;l czT tiffis

Fwpg;gpl;ljd; gpd;du; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.


,t;trdq;fspypUe;J epu;g;ge;jj;Jf;F cs;shFk; xUth; jLf;fg;gl;l Xh;

Mfhuj;ijg; Grpf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,uz;L epge;jidfis mth; Ngzpf;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

1. jLf;fg;gl;lij Grpg;gjD}lhf ,d;gj;ij vjph;ghh;g;gtuhf> mjid

Nehf;fkhff; nfhs;gtuhf mth; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.

2. Njitahd msTf;F mjpfkhf mth; cl;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

`yhy;-ùhk; tplaj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpd; ,t;topfhl;liy ehk; NgZk;NghJ

gy;NtW gad;fis milayhk;. ,d;Nwy; rpy jPa tpisTfis vjpu;Nehf;f

Ntz;b tUk;. mtw;Ws; rpytw;iw RUf;fkhf Nehf;FNthk;.

01.01.01.01.01. gpuhh;j;jid mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhikgpuhh;j;jid mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhikgpuhh;j;jid mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhikgpuhh;j;jid mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhikgpuhh;j;jid mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhik

“my;yh ;̀ J}atd; mtd; J}a;ikahdtw;iwNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhd;. my;yh ;̀

jd; J}jh;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapl;ltw;iwNa tpRthrpfSf;Fk; fl;lisapLfpd;

whd;. NkYk; my;yh`; $wpdhd;: ‘J}jh;fNs! J}a Mfhuj;ijNa Grpj;J

ew;nray; GupAq;fs;’ (23:53) NkYk; my;yh`; $wpdhd; ‘tpRthrpfNs! ehk;

cq;fSf;F mUspa> `yhyhd> J}a Mfhuj;ijNa GrpAq;fs;’ (7:10) vd

vLj;Jf;fhl;ba egp (]y;) mth;fs; njhlh;e;J xU kdpjidg;gw;wp gpu];jhgpj;

jhu;fs;. mtd; ePz;l gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L> GOjp gbe;J> mOf;file;j

epiyapy; f/ghTf;F tUfpwhd;. jdJ ,Ufuq;fisAk; thdj;ij Nehf;fp

cah;j;jp ‘vd; ,ul;rfNd! vd; ,ul;rfNd! vd gpuhh;j;jpf;fpwhd;. MapDk;

mtd; cz;Zk; czT> gUFk; ePu;> cLj;jpUf;Fk; Mil midj;JNk

ùh khdit. mtd; KOikahf ùhj;jpdhNyNa Ngh\pf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;

,e;epiy apy; ,j;jifNahdpd; gpuhh;j;jid vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;?

(K];ypk;)

02. ew;fUkq;fs; Vw;fg;glkhl;lh02. ew;fUkq;fs; Vw;fg;glkhl;lh02. ew;fUkq;fs; Vw;fg;glkhl;lh02. ew;fUkq;fs; Vw;fg;glkhl;lh02. ew;fUkq;fs; Vw;fg;glkhl;lh

“ahh; ̀ uhj;jpd; %yk; gzj;ij jpul;b gpd;dh; ju;kk; nra;fpd;whNuh mjdhy;

mtUf;F vJtpj ed;ikAk; fpilg;gjpy;iy. mjd; ghtNk mtUf;F

fpilf;Fk;” (,g;D Fi]ykh)

03. ed;ikiaAk; jPikiaAk; gpupj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; fpilf;fhJ03. ed;ikiaAk; jPikiaAk; gpupj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; fpilf;fhJ03. ed;ikiaAk; jPikiaAk; gpupj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; fpilf;fhJ03. ed;ikiaAk; jPikiaAk; gpupj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; fpilf;fhJ03. ed;ikiaAk; jPikiaAk; gpupj;jwpAk; Mw;wy; fpilf;fhJ

“tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;F mQ;RtPh;fshapd; cq;fSf;F

rj;jpaj;ijAk; mrj;jpaj;ijAk; gpupj;jwpAk; mwpit mtd; cq;fSf;F

toq;Fthd;” (8:29)

04. Rtdk; EioAk; ghf;fpak; fpl;lhJ04. Rtdk; EioAk; ghf;fpak; fpl;lhJ04. Rtdk; EioAk; ghf;fpak; fpl;lhJ04. Rtdk; EioAk; ghf;fpak; fpl;lhJ04. Rtdk; EioAk; ghf;fpak; fpl;lhJ

“Xh; mbahd; ùhkhd topapy; nry;tj;ijr; rk;ghjpj;J> mjpypUe;J jh;kk;

nra;jhy; mJ xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;glkhl;lhJ. jdf;fhfTk; jd; tPl;lhUf;fhfTk;

mjpypUe;J nrytpl;lhy; mjpNy ghf;fpak; Vw;gLj;jg;glkhl;lhJ. mjid

tpl;L tpl;L mtd; ,we;J tpl;lhy; mtdJ eufg; gazj;jpw;F rhjfkhfj;jhd;

mJ tpsq;Fk;. my;yh`; jPikia jPikapd; thapyhf mopf;fpwhd;. Xh;

mRj;jk; ,d;Ndhh; mRj;jj;ij mopg;gjpy;iy” (kp\;fhj;)

ùhk;-`yhy; tplak; kWik tho;tpd; ntw;wp Njhy;tpiaj; jPh;khdpf;fpd;w

xU ghuJ}ukhd tplak; vd;gJ Ghpag;gl;L> mjw;F chpa ngWkhdk;

toq;fg;gLtJ mtrpakhFk;.


• czT njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa topKiwfs;czT njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa topKiwfs;czT njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa topKiwfs;czT njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa topKiwfs;czT njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa topKiwfs;

czT kdpj MNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F kpf Kf;fpa mbg;gilahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

kdpjd; cl;nfhs;fpd;w czT nghUj;jkhdjhf mike;jhy; tho;f;ifg;

gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mJ ,yFthf mikAk;. ,jw;F khwhf kdpj

dJ Gj;jpf;Nfh> clYf;Nfh> capUf;Nfh jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; czT tiffis

cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ tho;f;ifg; gzpfis epiwNtw;Wjtw;F mJ jilahf

mikfpd;wJ. ,t;tbg;gilapy; kdpjd; cl;nfhs;Sk; czT cyf

nraw;ghLfSf;F mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

,];yhk;> kdpjdJ jdpj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; ,ay;Gf;Fk; NjitfSf;Fk; Vw;w

Nghjidfis Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tbg;gilapy; czT njhlh;ghd

NghjidfisAk;> rl;ljpl;lq;fisAk; njspTgLj;JfpwJ. kdpjd; cz;Zk;

czTf;Fk;> mtdJ cyf> Md;kPf tho;Tf;Fk; mwpTf;Fk; ,ilapy;

,Wf;fkhd gpizg;G ,Ug;gjhy; ,];yhk; ,J tplaj;jpy; Kf;fpa

ftdnkLf;fpd;wJ. Fh;Md;> ̀ jP]; Nghjidfs; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

“tpRthrk; nfhz;lth;fNs! ehk; cq;fSf;F toq;fpatw;wpYs;s gupRj;jkhd

tw;wpypUe;J rhg;gpLq;fs;” (2:172)

“epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀ ghpRj;jkhdtd;. mtd; gupRj;jkhdijNa Vw;Wf;nfhs;

thd;. u]_y;khh;fSf;F fl;lisapl;lijNa mtd; tpRthrpfSf;Fk; fl;lis

apl;bUf;fpwhd;. mJjhd; “J}ju;;fNs! gupRj;jkhd Mfhuq;fspypUe;Nj ePq;fs;

rhg;gpLq;fs;@ ey;yky;fspy; <LgLq;fs;” (23:51) vd egp (]y;) $wpajhf

mG+ `_iuuh (uop) mth;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whh;fs;.

“`yhyhd czitj; Njbaile;J nfhs;tJ xt;nthU K];ypkpdJk;

flikahFk;” (jguhdp)

“ùhj;jpdhy; czT+l;lg;gl;l ve;j clk;Gk; Rth;f;fj;ij nrd;wilahJ.

mjw;Fj; jFjpahd ,lk; eufNkahFk;” (jguhdp)

“tpRthrpfNs epr;rakhf kJTk;> #jhl;lKk;> tpf;fpuf MuhjidAk;>

mk;ngwpe;J FwpNfl;lYk; i\j;jhDila mUtUf;fj;jf;f nray;fshFk;.

,tw;wpypUe;J Kw;whfj; jtph;e;J nfhs;Sq;fs;” (5:90)

“xU K];ypkpdJ cyf> Md;kPf> mwpT rk;ge;jkhd tplaq;fNshL czT

vt;thW njhlh;GgLfpd;wJ vd;gijAk;> mJ ve;j msT jhf;fj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ vd;gijAk; NkNy cs;s Fh;Md;> Rd;dh Nghjidfs;

czh;j;Jfpd;wd.

czT cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,];yhk; fhl;bAs;s topKiwfisg;czT cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,];yhk; fhl;bAs;s topKiwfisg;czT cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,];yhk; fhl;bAs;s topKiwfisg;czT cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,];yhk; fhl;bAs;s topKiwfisg;czT cl;nfhs;Sk;NghJ ,];yhk; fhl;bAs;s topKiwfisg;

NgZjy;.NgZjy;.NgZjy;.NgZjy;.NgZjy;.

czT tiffspy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;litfisg; gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo;

tifg;gLj;jyhk;.

1. khkpr tiffspy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;litfs;: nrj;j gpuhzpfs;> ,uj;jk;>

gd;wpapd; khkprk;> Kiwahf jg;`; nra;ag;glhj gpuhzpfs;> fOj;J

,WFtjhy; ,wg;git> jhf;fg;gl;L ,wg;git> cah;thd ,lj;jpypUe;J

fPNo tpOe;J ,wg;git> NtW kpUfq;fspd; nfhk;ghy; Fj;jg;gl;L ,wg;git>

gyp gPlq;fspy; mWf;fg;gl;l gpuhzpfs;> jLf;fg;gl;l gwitfspd; khkprq;fs;.

,J gw;wp Fu;Md; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ.


“(jhdhfr;) nrj;j gpuhzpAk;> ,uj;jKk;> gd;wp ,iwr;rpAk;> my;yh`;

my;yhjth;fsJ ngah; $wp mWf;fg;gl;l gpuhzpAk;> fOj;J nehpf;fg;gl;Lr;

nrj;jJk;> mbgl;Lr; nrj;jJk;> cauj;jpypUe;J fPNo tpOe;J nrj;jJk;>

nfhk;ghy; Fj;jg;gl;L ,we;j gpuhzpfSk; (fub> Gyp Nghd;w) nfhba

tpyq;Ffshy; fbj;Jf; Fj;jg;gl;L nrj;j gpuhzpfSk; cq;fs; kPJ ùh

khf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; (mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy;) vij ePq;fs; (capNuhL

ghh;j;J Kiwg;gb) mWj;jPh;fNsh mijj; jtpu> (mij ePq;fs; cz;zyhk;)

vd;W my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;.” (5:3)

“egp (]y;) mth;fs; nfhba fhl;L kpUfq;fspy; $hpa gw;fisf; nfhz;l

kpUfq;fisAk;> gwitfspy; $upa efq;fisf; nfhz;l gwitfisAk;

cz;z Ntz;lhk; vd jLj;jhh;fs;.” (G`hhp) cjhuzk;: rpq;fk;> Gyp

Xeha;> fOF> gUe;J> ty;Y}W.

[y;yhyhtpdJ ,iwr;rpfis cz;gijAk; mtw;wpy; Vwpg; gpuahzk;

nra;tijAk; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jLj;jhh;fs;. [y;yhyh vd;gJ nghJthf

cz;z mDkjpf;fg;gl;l Mdhy; clypy; Jh;ehw;wk; tPRksTf;F rjhTk;

mOf;FfisNa cz;L thOk; xl;lif> ML> khL> Nfhop> thj;J Nghd;w

kpUfq;fisAk;> gwitfisAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

2. jhtu tiffspy; ùhkhf;fg;gl;litfs; kdpjdJ Gj;jpf;F> clYf;F>

jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; jhtu tiffs;. cjhuzk; Gifapiy> fQ;rh> myupg;

gUg;G.

3. jLf;fg;gl;l nghUsPl;ly; Kiwfs; %yk; ngwg;gl;litfs;. cjhuzq;fshf

msit epWit Nkhrb> fyg;glk;> gJf;fy;> tl;b> #J> ,yQ;rk;> fsT>

Nghijg; nghUs; tpw;gid> ̀ uhkhd cj;jpNahfq;fs; %yk; ngwg;gl;lit.

jLf;fg;gl;l tptrha Kiwapy; gaph;r; nra;J cioj;jy; vd;gtw;iwf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

“my;yh`; tpahghuj;ij mDkjpj;J tl;biaj; jilnra;Js;shd;”

“msit epWitfspy; Nkhrk; nra;gth;fSf;F NfLjhd;”


l `yhyhd czT tiffis cl;nfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; gad;fSk;> ̀ uhkhdczT tiffis cl;nfhs;tjhy; Vw;gLk; jPq;FfSk;.

cil njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfs;cil njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfs;cil njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfs;cil njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfs;cil njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfs;

xU K];ypkpd; cilAk; Njhw;wKk; mofhdjhfTk; xOf;fkhdjhfTk;fz;zpakhdjhfTk; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk; tpUk;GfpwJ. MilmzpjYf;F ,uz;L Nehf;fq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cliyAk; khdj;ijAk;kiwj;jy;> Njhw;wj;ij moFgLj;jy; vd;gdNt mitahFk;. gpd;tUk;my;Fh;Md; trdk; me;Nehf;fq;fisf; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ.

‘MjKila kf;fNs! cq;fSila khdj;ij kiwf;ff;$ba MiliaAk;myq;fhuj;ijAk; epr;rakhf ehk; cq;fSf;F mUs;Ghpfpd;Nwhk;” (7:26)

cilapd; ,e;Nehf;fq;fs; cjhrPdg;gLj;jf;$lhJ vd;w fUj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf my;Fh;Mdpy; mNj mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,lk;ngWfpd;w gpd;tUk;trdq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

“MjKila kf;fNs! vt;thW i\j;jhd; cq;fs; jha;> je;ijaiu Rtu;f;fj;jpypUe;J ntspNaw;wpdhNdh> NkYk; mtu;fSila ntl;fj;jyq;fisgu];guk; ntspg;gLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf mtu;fSila cilfisf;fise;jhNdh mt;thW kPz;Lk; cq;fis mtd; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;j;jptplNtz;lhk;.” (7:27)

MjKila kf;fNs! njhOk; ,lj;jpnyy;yhk; Milfshy; cq;fismyq;fhpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;” (7:31)

`yhy;

1. Md;kPf tho;T cWjp ngWk;.

2. ,iwtzf;fkhf khwp ed;ik

fpilf;Fk;

3. cs;sk; gpufhrkilAk;.

4. tzf;f topghLfs; mq;fPfupf;fg;

gLk;.

5. Rth;f;fk; EioAk; ghf;fpak;

fpilf;Fk;

6. Rfkhd tho;T fpl;Lk;

7. tho;tpy; mikjpAk; jpUg;jpAk;

fpl;Lk;.

8. ey;y nraw;ghLfs; cUthFk;

9. r%f tho;tpy; mikjp epyTk;

10. mwpT tpUj;jp> cyfg; gw;wpd;ik

cUthFk;.

ùhk;

1. Md;kPf tho;T ghjpg;gilAk;

2. ghtkhf khwp jz;lid

fpilf;Fk;

3. cs;sk; ,UsilAk;

4. tzf;fq;fs;> gpuhh;j;jidfs;

mq;fPfhpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ

5. eufk; Eiothd;

6. Rfk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;

7. tho;tpy; jLkhw;wKk;

jpUg;jpaw;w epiyAk; Njhd;Wk;

8. ghtq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fk;

9. r%f tho;tpy; gpur;rpidfs;

mjpfupf;Fk;

10. klikAk;> cyf MirAk;

mjpfupf;Fk;


ftu;r;rpahd> rpwe;j ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; ,];yhk; mtw;Wf;Fmbg;gilahf mikfpd;w Rj;jj;jpy; mjp$ba fhprid fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jidgpd;tUk; `jP]; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

“egp (]y;) mth;fs;> mOf;file;j cilfs; mzpe;jpUe;j xU kdpjidf;fz;lhh;fs;. jdJ Miliaf; fOtpf; nfhs;tjw;F vJTk; ,tUf;Ffpilf;ftpy;iyah? vd tpdtpdhh;fs;” (mG+jhTj;)

kdpjd; rpwe;j ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy;> Rj;jkhd> jd; juj;jpw;F Vw;w cilfSld;fhl;rpaspg;gij ,];yhk; tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. ,f;fUj;ijg; gyg;gLj;Jk; gy`jP];fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

rhjhuz cilfSld; xU kdpjh; egp (]y;) mth;fisr; re;jpf;f te;jhu;;.cd;dplj;jpy; nry;tk; cz;lh? vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; mk;kdpjdplj;jpy;tpdtpdhh;fs;. mth; Mk; vd;whh;. vt;tifahd nry;tk; cd;dplj;jpy;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; jpUk;gTk; tpdtpaNghJ vy;yhtifahd nrsghf;fpaq;fisAk; my;yh`; vdf;F toq;fpAs;shd; vdmk;kdpjh; gjpyspj;jhh;. mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mth;fs;> ~~my;yh`; cdf;Fnry;tj;ij toq;fp cd;id fz;zpag;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpwhd;. mjd; milahsk;cd;dpy; ntspg;gLtij mtd; tpUk;Gfpwhd;|| vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs; (e]h<).

[{k;Mtpw;F mzpe;J nry;tjw;fhf Nkyjpfkhd ,U Milfis itj;Jf;nfhs;tjpy; vt;tpjj; jtWkpy;iy. (mg+jht+j;)

,];yhk; Miliag; nghWj;j tiuapy; Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; rpytiuaiwfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

Mz;fisg; nghWj;jtiu ,U tifahd myq;fhuq;fis ,];yhk;mth;fSf;Fj; jil nra;Js;sJ.

1. jq;f Mguzq;fis mzpjy;

2. J}a gl;bdhyhd Milfis mzpjy;

myp (uop) mth;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fs;: ~~egp (]y;) mth;fs; gl;il vLj;JjdJ tyf; fuj;jpy; Ve;jpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. jq;fj;ij vLj;J jdJ ,lf;fuj;jpNy Ve;jpf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. gpd;dh; ,t;tpuz;Lk; vdJ r%fj;jpYs;sMz;fSf;F ùhkhFk; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;” (m`;kj;)

“ckh; (uop) mth;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fs; ~gl;il mzpahjPh;fs; ahh; cyfpy;mjid mzpfpd;whNuh mth; kWikapy; mjid mzpa khl;lhu;| vd egp(]y;) mth;fs; $w ehd; nrtpAw;Nwd;” (G`hhp)

“xU jlit egp (]y;) mth;fs; xU kdpjd; jdJ fuj;jpy; jq;f Nkhjpuk;xd;iw mzpe;jpUg;gijf; fz;lhh;fs;. mjid mth;fs; fise;J vwpe;jhh;fs;.“cq;fspy; xUth; neUg;Gj; jziy ehbr; nrd;W mjidj; jdJ fuj;jpy;mzpe;J nfhs;tjh? vd tpdtpdhh;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; mt;tplj;ijtpl;L mfd;w gpd;> ‘cdJ Nkhjpuj;ij vL. mjpypUe;J gpuNahrdk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;!’ vd mk;kdpjDf;F $wg;gl;lJ. mg;NghJ mk;kdpjd;> ‘my;yh ;̀tpd;kPJ rj;jpakhf ,y;iy my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu mjid vwpe;Js;s epiyapy;mjid ehd; vLf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy’ vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;” (K];ypk;)

jq;f Nkhjpuk; mzptJ ùhkhf ,Ug;gJ NghyNt jq;fj;jhyhd Ngdhfbfhuk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; gad;gLj;JtJk; ùhkhFk;.


Mz;fSf;F nts;sp Nkhjpuk; mzpa mDkjp cz;L ‘egp (]y;) mth;fs;nts;spapdhyhd xU Nkhjpuj;ij vLj;jhh;fs;. mJ mth;fsJ fuj;jpy;fhzg;gl;lJ. gpd;dh; mJ mG+gf;fh; (uop) mth;fsJ fuj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ.njhlh;e;J mJ cku; (uop) mth;fsJ fuj;jpy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mjidaLj;J‘mhP];’ vd;w fpzw;wpDs; tpOk; tiu c];khd; (uop) mth;fsJ fuj;jpy;fhzg;gl;lJ” (G`hhp).

ngz;fs; nghJthf moif tpUk;Ggth;fs; vd;w uPjpapy; mth;fSf;F jq;fKk;gl;Lk; jilnra;ag;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; jq;f> nts;spg; ghj;jpuq;fis gad;gLj;jMz;fSf;Fg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; mDkjp toq;fg;gltpy;iy.

ngz;zpd; Miliag; nghWj;j tiuapy; mJ vt;thW mika Ntz;Lk;vd;gjw;fhd tiuaiwfis ,];yhk; tpjpj;Js;sJ.

1. ‘ntspNa njupaf; $bait jtpu” vd tpyf;fspj;Js;s gFjpiaj; jtpuclk;gpd; Vida midj;Jg; gFjpfisAk; kiwf;ff; $bajhf cilmikjy; Ntz;Lk;.

‘egpNa! tpRthrKs;s ngz;fSf;F $Wk; mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itiaj;jho;j;jTk;> jq;fsJ fw;igg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;>jq;fs; myq;fhuj;ijmjpdpd;W ntspNa njhpaf; $baijj; jtpu NtW vijAk; ntspf;fhl;lyhfhJ” (24:31) ,t;trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w ~~ntspNa njhpaf; $bait|| vd;gJjtph;f;f KbahJ ntspapy; njhpAk; clw; gFjpiaNa Fwpf;Fk; vd;gJ k];Cj;(uop) mth;fsJ tpsf;fkhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tpsf;fj;jpd;gb ngz; KOikahf jd; clk;ig kiwf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtsJ KO clk;GNk mt;uj;MFk;. vdNt mtsJ clk;gpypUe;J vg;gFjpAk; ntspNa njhpaf;; $lhJ.

“ntspNa njhpaf; $bait’ vd;gJ Kfj;ijAk; ,UiffisAk; Fwpf;Fk;vd ,g;D ckh; (uop) tpsf;fk; mspj;Js;sdh;. ,f;fUj;ijNa ngUk;ghyhd,];yhkpa mwpQh;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdu;. ,f;fUj;jpd;gb ngz;zpd; Kfj;ijAk;iffisAk; jtpu mtsJ clk;gpd; Vida midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; fl;lhakhfkiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2. mt;uj;ij ntspf;fhl;Ltjhf Mil mikaf; $lhJ

,U rhuhh; eufthjpfshtu;. mth;fSf;F ehd; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f khl;Nld;.mth;fSs; xU rhuhh; khl;bd; thiyg; Nghd;w rhl;ilfis itj;jpUg;gh;.mtw;iwf; nfhz;L kf;fis mth;fs; mbg;gh;. kWrhuhh; Mil mzpe;jepiyapy; epu;thzkhf ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fshth;. mth;fs; jPa topapy; nry;tJld;gpwiuAk; jPa topapy; nrYj;Jth;. mth;fspd; jiyfs; Mb mirAk;xl;liffspd; jpkpy;fisg; Nghd;W fhzg;gLk;. ,j;jifath;fs; Rtdk;Eioa khl;lhh;fs;. mjd; thiliaf; $l Efu khl;lhh;fs;” (K];ypk;)

“Mil mzpe;Jk; epu;thzkhf ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fs;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplf; fhuzk;mth;fs; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; Milfs; cliy kiwf;fpd;w gzpia epiwNtw;wtpy;iy. mt;Tilfs; nky;ypaitfshf fhzg;gLtjdhy; mt;TilfspD}lhfclk;gpd; moF ntspf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

xU jlit xU kzg;ngz; Map\h (uop) mth;fsplk; mioj;J tug;gl;lhs;.mts; xU nky;ypa Ke;jhidia mzpe;jpUe;jhs;. mjid mtjhdpj;jMap\h (uop) mth;fs; ,jid mzpAk; ngz; E}h; vDk; mj;jpahaj;ijtpRthrpf;ftpy;iy vd Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;” (jg;]Pu; Fh;Jgp)


mq;fq;fspd; gUkid> fth;r;rpia> moifg; gpujpgypj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf Milmikaf; $lhJ. mjhtJ Mil ,Wf;fkhdjhf mikaf;$lhJ. nky;ypaMilfisg; NghyNt ,Wf;fkhd MilfSk;> czh;r;rpia J}z;btplf;$bait. vdNt ,tw;iw mzpAk; ngz;fSk; `jP]; Fwpg;gpLk;. ‘Milmzpe;Jk; epu;thzkhf ,Uf;Fk; ngz;fs; thpirapy; ,lk;ngWth;.

3. Mz;fSf;fhd gpuj;jpNafkhd Milahf mJ ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. Vnddpy;>ngz;fspd; Milfis mzpAk; Mz;fisAk;> Mz;fspd; MilfismzpAk; ngz;fisAk; egp (]y;) mth;fs; rgpj;Js;shh;fs;. (G`hup)

4. eWkzk; G+rg;gl;ljhf Mil mikaf; $lhJ”- xU ngz; tPl;bypUf;Fk;NghJ mjhtJ k`;ukPf;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kzk; G+rpf;nfhz;bUf;f mDkjp cz;L. Mdhy; tPl;iltpl;L ntspNa nry;Yk; NghJeWkzk; G+rpf;nfhz;L nry;y mts; mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

“xU ngz; eWkzk; G+rp xU $l;lj;jpdu; kj;jpapy; mtu;fs; me; eWkzj;ijEfu Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; mtu;fisf; fle;J nry;thshapd; mts; xUtpgr;rhhpahths;. mtis ,r;irAld; ghh;f;fpd;w xt;nthU fz;Zk; tpgr;rhuk;nra;fpd;wJ vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;” (e]h<)

5. Mztj;ijAk; gpugy;aj;ijAk; ntspf;fhl;lf; $bajhf Mil mikaf;$lhJ. czT> cil Mfpadtw;Wf;F ,];yhk; tpjpf;Fk; nghJthdepge;jidfs; ,uz;L cs;sd. tPz;tpuak; jtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jw;ngUikjtph;f;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gdNt mitahFk;. vdNtjhd; egp (]y;) mth;fs;>~~ahh; gpugy;akhd Milia mzpfpd;whNuh my;yh ;̀ mtUf;F kWikapy;,opthd Milia mzptpg;ghd;” vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;. (m`;kj;)

Milia itj;J kf;fs; kdpjh;fspd; juj;ij kl;bLth;. vdNt ehk;vk;ikg; gw;wp mLj;jth;fs; jtwhd vz;zq;fisf; nfhs;s re;ju;g;gk;toq;ff; $lhJ. ‘xU kdpjh; ,g;D cku; (uop) mth;fsplk; ‘ehd; vj;jifaMilfis mzptJ ey;yJ? vd tpdtpaNghJ> ‘mwptpypfs; cd;idg;ghu;j;J gupfrpf;fhj> mwpTilNahh; cd;idf; Fiw $whj Milfismzpe;J nfhs;” vd gjpyspj;jhh;fs; (jguhdP)

Mz;fspd; MilfSf;Fk; rpy epge;jidfs; cs;sd. mitahtd:-

1. mt;uj;ij kiwf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;:- Mzpd; njhg;GOf;Fk;Koq;fhYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gFjp mtdJ mt;uj;jhf fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. ngz;fSf;Fupa gpuj;jpNafkhd Milahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;

3. gfl;L ngUikf;Fhpa Milahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;

4. nky;ypa Milahf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;.

tPl;L tho;f;if njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;tPl;L tho;f;if njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;tPl;L tho;f;if njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;tPl;L tho;f;if njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;tPl;L tho;f;if njhlh;ghd ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;

K];ypk; r%f mikg;igj; Njhw;Wtpg;gjpy; tPl;bd; gq;F myhjpahdJ.vdNt ,];yhk; tPl;Lf;F jdpahd Xu; me;j];ij toq;fpAs;sJ. “my;yh ;̀cq;fS ila tPLfis cq;fSf;F mikjpaspf;Fk; ,lkhf Mf;fpdhd;”(16:80)

tPL> epk;kjp> ghJfhg;G> rkhjhdk;> md;G vd;gtw;wpd; muzhf> ew;gzpfspd;>ew;gz;Gfspd; ciwtplkhf> r%fj;Jf;F Njitahd fy;tpkhd;fis>jpahfpfis cUthf;Fk; epWtdkhf mika Ntz;Lnkd ,];yhk; vjpu;ghu;;f;fpd;wJ.


tPL Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l gzpfis epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lkhapd; mjd; ngsjPfmikg;G> ngsjPf #oy;> Md;kPf #oy;> mjd; cWg;gpdh;fsJ nghWg;Gf;fs;>flikfs;> cupikfs; vd;gtw;wpy; cupa ftdk; nrYj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;.

tPl;bd; ngsjpf miktplKk; #oYk;tPl;bd; ngsjpf miktplKk; #oYk;tPl;bd; ngsjpf miktplKk; #oYk;tPl;bd; ngsjpf miktplKk; #oYk;tPl;bd; ngsjpf miktplKk; #oYk;

1. tPL Njitf;F Vw;wjhf> tprhykhdjhf ,Uj;jy;:- “ehd;F tplaq;fs;mjp\;lj;jpy; mlq;ff; $bait. mit ey;y kidtp> tprhykhd tPL>ey;y mayhd;> rpwe;j thfdk; vd;gd” (e]h<)

2. tPl;ilr; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUj;jy;: xU ̀ jP]py; egp (]y;) mth;fs;> ~~cq;fsJtPl;L Kw;wq;fisr; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUq;fs;” (jpu;kpjp) vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.

3. tPl;bd; mofpy;> Neu;j;jpapy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;:- “egpNa ePu; Nfl;gPuhf.my;yh`; jd; mbahh;fSf;fhf ntspg;gLj;jpAs;s moifAk;> czTtiffspy; J}a;ikadhtw;iwAk; jLj;jJ ahh;?” (7:32)

4. tPl;bd; ntspr; #oiy gRikahf> mofhf itj;jpUj;jy;:- “xU K];ypk;tptrhak; nra;fpwhh;. my;yJ nrbfis eLfpwhh;> mjpypUe;J gwitfs;my;yJ kdpju;fs; my;yJ gpuhzpfs; VjhtJ rhg;gpl;lhy; mJ me;jkdpjUila ju;kkhf fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ” (K];ypk;)

5. gad;gLj;Jk; jsghlq;fs;> cgfuzq;fs;> ghj;jpuq;fs;> ,junghUl;fs; vd;gd,];yhkpa tiuaiwfSf;F cl;gl;bUj;jy;.

“jq;f> nts;sp ghj;jpuq;fspy; rhg;gpLgtuJ> mUe;JgtuJ tapw;wpy; epr;;rakhfeuf neUg;Gj; jhd; rg;jkpLfpwJ” (K];ypk;)

ngsjpf miktplk;> #oy; vd;gd khj;jpuk; xU rpwe;j FLk;gj;jpd; -tPl;bd;cUthf;fj;Jf;Ff; fhuzkhf mika khl;lhJ. Mjyhy; ,];yhk; xUey;y tPl;bd; cUthf;fj;Jf;F NtW gy eltbf;iffisAk; vLj;Js;sJ.

1. jpUkzj; njhptpd;NghJ ew;gz;GfSf;Fk; <khDf;Fk; Kjyplk;mspg;gjidf; fl;lhag;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ‘khu;f;fKs;s ngz;iz mile;Jnfhs;tPuhf. ,d;Nwy; mope;J tpLtPu;’ (G`hup)

2. fztd;-kidtp xt;nthUtUk; mLj;jth;fs; kPjhd flikfisepiwNtw;wy;.

3. ngw;Nwhh;fs;-gps;isfs; kPjhd jkJ flikfis xOq;fhf epiwNtw;wy;.

4. gps;isfs; ngw;Nwhh; kPjhd flikfisr; nrt;tNd epiwNtw;wy;

5. FLk;g cwtpdh;fSf;fpilapy; RKfkhd cwitg; Ngzy;

6. mayth;fsJ cupikfis kjpj;J ele;J nfhs;Sjy;. ‘[pg;uPy; (miy)mtu;fs;> mz;il tPl;lhUld; ed;dlj;ijia Nkw;nfhs;Sk;gb njhlh;e;JtypAWj;jpa tz;zNk ,Ue;jhh;fs;. ve;j msTf;nfd;why; mtu; mz;iltPl;lhiu nrhj;jpy; thuprhf;fp tpLthNuh vd;W ehd; epidf;fyhNdd;.”(G`hhp)

7. tpUe;jhspfsJ cupikfs; kjpf;fg;gly;

“ my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; kWik ehspd; kPJk; ek;gpf;if itj;jpUg;Nghh; jk;tpUe;jhspfis cgrupf;fl;Lk;.|| (K];ypk;)


8. tPl;L tptfhuq;fs; midj;jpYk; ,];yhkpa topfhl;liy gpd;gw;wy;: “<khd;nfhz;lth;fNs! cq;fs; tyf;fuq;fs; nrhe;jkhf;fpf; nfhz;ltu;;fSk;>cq;fspYs;s gUtkilahj rpWth;fSk; %d;W Neuq;fspy; cq;fsplk;mDkjp Nfhu Ntz;Lk;.”(24:58)

tPl;il ,];yhkpa Kiwg;gb topelhj;jpr; nry;tjw;F mjd; Md;kPf #oy;ghupa cjtpia toq;Fk;. vdNt me;j Md;kPf #oiyg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhdeltbf;iffs; fl;lhak; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhf gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

1. INtisj; njhOiffis [khmj;jhf epiwNtw;Wtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy;.‘xU kdpjd; toikahf k];[pJld; njhlu;ig itj;jpUg;gjid ePq;fs;fz;lhy;> mtDf;F <khd; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpfshf ,Uq;fs;’(`py;ah)

2. tPl;by; Rd;dj;Jj; njhOiffis epiwNtw;Wjy;: ~~cq;fsJ ]_d;dj;JnjhOiffspy; rpytw;iw tPl;bYk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtw;iwGijFopfshf Mf;fp tplhjPh;fs;|| (K];ypk;)

“xU kdpjDf;F my;yh ;̀ mUs;ghypf;fl;Lk;.mtd; ,utpy; J}f;fj;jpypUe;JvOe;J njhOfpwhd;. jdJ kidtpia vOg;Gfpwhd;. mts; vOk;gkWf;fpd;w NghJ mtsJ Kfj;jpNy ePiuj; njspf;fpwhd;. xU ngz;Zf;Fmy;yh`; mUs;ghypf;fl;Lk;. mts; ,utpNy J}f;;fj;jpypUe;J vOe;J>njhOfpd;whs;. gpd;dh; jdJ fztid vOg;Gfpwhs;. mtd; vOk;g kWj;jhy;mtdJ Kfj;jpNy ePiuj; njspf;fpd;whs;”;. (mG+jhTj;)

3. tPl;by; my;Fu;Mid toikahf XjptUjy;: “cq;fsJ tPLfis GijFopfshf Mf;fpf;nfhs;shjPh;fs;. ]_uh my;gfuh Xjg;gLk; tPLfspy;,Ue;J i\j;jhd; ntUz;NlhLfpwhd;” (K];ypk;)

4. ,iw rpe;jidia tsu;j;J tplf;$ba epfo;r;rpfis (jpf;u;> j[;tPj; tFg;G>gahd;) Vw;ghL nra;jy;. “my;yh`; Qhgfg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w tPl;Lf;Fcjhuzk; capUs;std; my;yh ;̀ Qhgfg;gLj;jg;glhj tPl;Lf;F cjhuzk;capuw;wtd;” (K];ypk;)

Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l midj;J mk;rq;fspYk; xU K];ypk; tPL ftdk; nrYj;Jk;NghNj mJ Xh; ,];yhkpa tPlhf mikfpd;wJ.


gb gb gb gb gb I kdpj tho;tpd; mbg;gilj; Njitfs; Fwpj;J ,];yhkpa NghjidfisRUf;fkhf tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis %d;W FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo;jfty; jpul;l topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.1. `yhy; ùhk; tpjpKiwfs;2. czT> cil tiuaiwfs;3. ,];yhkpa tPL gw;wpa Nghjidfs;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FOTk; jpul;ba jfty;fis tFg;gpy; Kd;itf;ftha;g;gspAq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV mtu;fs; jpul;ba jfty;fis Fwpg;Ngl;by; gjpT nra;J nfhs;Sk; gbmwpTWj;Jq;fs;.



• nksyhd [kPy; m`;yd; ej;tP> mz;zy; egpfshu; tho;tpdpNy> nrd;id>,];yhkpa epWtdk; l;u];l;.

• mfhu; K`k;kj;. V.]p (1996)> rd;khu;f;f rl;l tpsf;fq;fs;> NgUty> my;fyk;gjpg;gfk;.

• kd;]_u; v];.vk;. (2000)> ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fs; cil> khjk;ig> nehNy[;gjpg;gfk;.

• Kj`;`pup Ku;joh> (1996)> ,];yhkpa `p[hg;> nfhOk;G> ,];yhkpaNritfs; mikg;G.


Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0Nju;r;rp 9.0 ::::: r%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa rl;l jpl;lq;fisr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa rl;l jpl;lq;fisr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa rl;l jpl;lq;fisr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa rl;l jpl;lq;fisr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghd ,];yhkpa rl;l jpl;lq;fis

Ak; NghjidfisAk; mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g jkJAk; NghjidfisAk; mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g jkJAk; NghjidfisAk; mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g jkJAk; NghjidfisAk; mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g jkJAk; NghjidfisAk; mwpe;J mjw;Nfw;g jkJ

tho;it tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.tho;it tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.tho;it tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.tho;it tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.tho;it tbtikj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 9.19.19.19.19.1 ::::: ,];yhj;jpy; r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; Gupe;J r%ff;

flikfis epiwNtw;Wthh;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l ,];yhk; r%f tho;f;iff;fhd xU topfhl;b vd;gij

tpsq;fp kw;wth;fSf;F vLj;Jf; $Wthh;.

l ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; jdpj;Jtj;ij Vida r%f

mikg;Gf;fSld; xg;gpl;L tpsf;fk; jUthh;.

l xU K];ypk; my;yh`;tpd; gpujpepjpahfTk;> r%fj;jpd;

gpujpepjpahfTk; mkh;e;J vt;thW gzpahw;w KbAnkd;

gij ,dq;fz;L nrhw;nghopthw;Wthh;.


l r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

l nghJthf kf;fs; $l;lj;ij r%fk; vd;w ngauhy; toq;Fth;. vdpDk;

r%fk; vd;gJ mijtpl MokhdJk; mfykhdJkhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;lJ.

r%fk; vd;gJ vy;yhtifahd cwTfisAk; cs;slf;fpaJ. mJ jdp

kdpjh;fSf;fpilNa Vw;gLk; cwTfs;> czh;Tfs;> xOf;fq;fs; r%f gpizg;G

Kjypaitfisf; Fwpg;gjhFk; vd r%ftpayhsh;fs; $Wth;. ,e;jg; gpizg;G

kjk;> nkhop> ,lk;> ,dk; rhh;e;jjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ njhopy; rhh;e;jjhf

Tk; mikayhk;.

kw;nwhU tifapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> r%fk; vd;gJ xU nghpa FOkk; vdf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;. mq;F jdpkdpjd; tho;f;iff;fhd gapw;rpiaAk; mDgtj;ijAk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;thd;. mJ VjhtnjhU nrhe;jk; my;yJ nghJ ed;ikapd;

fPo; xd;WgLtjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mth;fspilNa xj;j czh;itAk; fhzyhk;.

r%fk; jdpkdpjdpd; $l;L vdf; nfhz;lhy;> jdpkdpjd; r%fj;ij

cUthf;Ffpwhd; my;yJ r%fk; jdpkdpjid cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. mjhtJ

jdpkdpjd; r%fj;jpdJk;> r%fk; jdpkdpjdJk; nry;thf;Ff;F cl;gLfpd;wJ.

Xh; Mz; xU ngz;iz kzKbf;fpd;whd;. mth;fspUthpYkpUe;J xU

FLk;gk; cUthfpd;wJ. gy FLk;gq;fs;> ,dj;jhNyh> nkhopahNyh>

rkaj;jhNyh> Nfhl;ghl;lhNyh> njhopyhNyh xd;Wgl;L ,izAk;NghJ r%fk;

cUthfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf A+j r%fk;> jkpo;r; r%fk;> fpwp];jt r%fk;>

Nrh\yp] r%fk;> tptrha r%fk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLtij vLj;Jf;fhl;lyhk;.

vg;gbapUe;jhYk; xU r%fj;jpypUe;J jhd;> jdp egh;fs; cUthfpwhh;fs;.

me;jj; jdpegh;fs; cUtj;jhy; kl;Lkd;wp rpe;jid> tho;TKiw> fyhrhuk;

Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; xd;WgLfpd;whh;fs;. xU r%fk; mjd; fyhrhuj;ij mjpy;

Njhd;wpa jdp egu;fSf;$lhfNt mLj;j re;jjpf;F flj;Jfpd;wJ. my;yJ

xt;nthU jdpkdpjDk; jhd; thOk; r%fj;jpd; gpujpepjpahf ,aq;Ffpd;whd;.

,jdhy;jhd; K];ypk; r%f njhlu;ig clypd; cWg;Gf;fSf;Fk;> fl;llj;jpd;

fw;fSf;Fk; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ctkpj;Jf; $wpdhu;;fs;.


kdpjd; r%fkhf tho;tij itj;J> r%ftpayhsh;fs; mtid r%fg;

gpuhzp vd toq;Fth;. ,];yhk; kdpjid tpyq;fhf Vw;ftpy;iy. mtid

my;yh`;tpd; gpujpepjp vd cah;j;jpf; $Wfpd;wJ. kdpjd; ,ay;gpNyNa

Nrh;e;J tho;gtd;> mjidg; Gwf;fzpf;f KbahJ. my;yh`; kdpjDf;Fg;

Ngrf; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jhd; (55:2) vd;W my;Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. kdpjDf;Fg;

Ngr;rhw;wiyf; nfhLj;jjw;$lhf mtidr; Nrh;e;J tho tpl;Ls;shd;. Ngr;R

gpujhdkhd njhlh;ghly; ClfkhFk;.

vy;yh caph;fSf;Fk; NghyNt kdpjDf;Fk; Njitfs; cs;sd. MwwpTila

td; vd;w tifapYk;> my;yh`;Tila gpujpepjp vd;w tifapYk; kdpjdJ

Njitfs; mgupkpjkhdit. me;j vy;yhj; NjitfisAk; kdpjd; jdpj;J

epd;W ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ. mjw;F kw;wth;fspd; cjtp Njit. grp>

jhfk;> ghYzh;T Nghd;w cly; Njitfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. md;G> fhg;G>

fzpg;G Nghd;w cstpay; Njitfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. Nghf;Ftuj;J> fy;tp>

kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w r%f NjitahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. vJthf ,Ue;jhYk;

kdpjd; Nrh;e;J tho;e;J kw;wtu;fNshL xj;Jioj;J xU tho;f;if Kiwia

cUthf;Ftjw;$lhfNt xU r%f fyhrhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhd;. kdpjd;

Nrh;e;J tho;tjw;$lhfNt cyfpy; fyhrhuk;> ehfhpfk; vd;gd Njhd;wpapUf;

fpd;wd.

egp (]y;) mth;fspd; ]PwhtpypUe;J ehk; ,jidf; fw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.

mth;fs; jq;fspd; kf;fh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; jdpegh;fis cUthf;fpdhh;fs;.

kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; me;jj; jdpegh;fis itj;J xU r%fj;ij

cUthf;fpdhh;fs;. jdpegh;fspd; $l;bdhy; kl;Lk; xU r%fk; cUthtjpy;iy.

mth;fsplk; xj;j jd;ik fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mth;fis xd;wpizf;Fk;

jiyikj;Jtk; mika Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; Rje;jpukhf nraw;glf;$ba

gpuNjrnkhd;W ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kjPdhtpy; ,e;j ehd;Fk; fpilf;fg;ngw;wjhy;

jhd; xU r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g Kbe;jJ.

egp (]y;) mth;fs; me;jr; r%fj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;l mbg;gilapy; fl;b vOg;gpdhh;

fs;. kjPdh kf;fis re;jpj;j NghJ KjyhtJ mfgh cWjpnkhopapy; ehq;

fs; ,izitf;fkhl;Nlhk;@ fsntLf;fkhl;Nlhk;@ khdf;Nflhd fhhpaq;fspy;

<Lglkhl;Nlhk;@ re;jjpfis nfhiy nra;akhl;Nlhk;@ mth; rhpnadf; $wpa

tw;iw gpd;gw;whJ tplkhl;Nlhk; vd thf;fspj;jhh;fs;. ,J Fw;wkw;w xU

r%fj;ij cUthf;Fk; mbj;jskhf mike;jJ. ,jd; gpd;dh; K];mg;

,g;D cikh; (wop) mth;fis kjPdhTf;F mDg;gp ,];yhj;ijg; gpurhuk;

nra;jNghJ fs epiyikiaAk; mtjhdpf;fr; nra;jhh;fs;. ,J gpuNjrj;ij

kjpg;gPLnra;tjhf mike;jJ. ,uz;lhtJ mfgh cWjp nkhopapy; egp

(]y;) mth;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd cj;juthjj;ijg; ngw;whh;fs;. ,J

jiyikj;Jtj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjhf mikfpwJ. `p[;uj; nrd;wJk; k];[pj;

egtpia eph;khzpj;jik r%fj;ij xd;W $l;LtjhfTk;> A+jh;fSldhd

cld;gbf;if Rje;jpu gpuNjrj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhd vj;jdkhfTk; mike;jJ

vdyhk;.

egp (]y;) mth;fs; jpl;lkpl;l mbg;gilapy; xU r%fj;ij cUthf;fpaikia

mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ r%ftho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; NkYk; njspthfpd;wJ.

xU jdpeghpd; rpe;jidapy; cUthd fUj;J> mtUs; khj;jpuk; Njq;fpapUe;jhy;

,uz;lthJ egUf;Fj; njhpahkw; Nghdhy; me;jf; fUj;J mtUlNdNa

kiwe;J tpLk;. ,];yhk; kWiktiu thoNtz;Lkhapd; xU eghpy; rhh;e;J


epw;fhky;> r%fj;jpy; Nrh;e;J epw;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij egpath;fs;

njhpe;jpUe;jhh;fs;. cyfk; mopAk; tiu tho Ntz;ba xU tho;f;ifKiw

xU r%fj;Jf;$lhfNt Kd;itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf r%fj;ijf;

fl;bnaOg;Gk; Kaw;rpf;fhf Rkhh; gj;J Mz;Lfisr; nrytpl;lhh;fs;. ,J

r%fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

xU K];ypk; kw;nwhU K];ypKf;F fz;zhb vd;w ̀ jP]{f;fpzq;f ,];yhkpa

tho;f;if Kiwapy; Njhd;Wk; rhpTfs;> Nja;Tfs;> FiwghLfs; jpUj;jg;gL

tjw;fhd tha;g;Gk; r%f tho;tpd; %yNk fpilf;fpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mth;fspd;

tghj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dh; r%fj;jpy; Njhd;wpa gpur;rpidfSf;fhd jPh;Tfs;>

Neha;fSf;fhd ghpfhuq;fs;> ntw;wplq;fSf;fhd epug;gy;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;fhf

ntt;NtW egh;fshy; jdpj;Jk;> Nrh;e;Jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ,[;jp`hj; tuyhW

,jid NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.,];yhkpa r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.

,];yhkpa r%f mikg;G> jpBnudj;Njhd;wpaNjh> fhyNthl;lj;jpy; Njhd;wp

tsh;e;jNjh my;y.mJ my;yh`;tpdhYk; mtdJ J}jhpdhYk; jpl;lkpl;L

fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;ljhFk;. Mjyhy; Vida r%f mikg;Gf;fspypUe;J NtWgL

fpd;wJ. ,];yhk; r%f mikg;Gf;nfd rpy mbg;gilfis tFj;jpUf;fpwJ.

mjd; %y mbg;gil njs`Pj; MFk;.

rpyh; r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfshf <khd;> Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;>

rNfhjuj;jJtk;> ePjp> $l;Lg;nghWg;G> jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLth;>

kw;Wk; rpyh; rNfhjuj;Jtk;> rkj;Jtk;> r%fePjp> $l;Lg;nghWg;G> jiyikj;

Jtk; vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gpLth;. ,it jdpj;jdpahfg; gphpj;Jf; $wg;gl;lhYk;

xd;Nwhnlhd;W gpd;dpg; gpize;jdthFk;. xt;nthUtUk; rNfhjuh;fshff’

fUjpr; nraw;gLk;NghJ> mth;fs; vy;NyhiuAk; rkkhf Nehf;Fthh;fs;.

mq;F Vw;wj;jho;T ,lk;ngwhJ> rkj;Jtk; fhzg;gLk;. rkj;Jtk; epyTk;

NghJ ePjpAk; rhptu ,aq;Fk;. r%fj;jpd; xU gFjpahiu kd;dpj;Jk;>

kw;nwhU gFjpahiuj; jz;bj;Jk; toq;Ffpd;w jPh;g;G -ghFghL mq;F

epytkhl;lhJ. mth;fs; xt;nthUtUk; $l;Lg;nghWg;Gld; ele;J nfhs;th;.

,t;thwhd r%f epiy xOq;fhd jiyikj;JtKs;s r%fj;jpNyNa fhzg;gl

KbAk;.

r%f mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfshf NtW rpytw;iwAk; Fwpj;Jf;fhl;l KbAk;.

,];yhk; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fkpilapyhd njhlh;ig tYg;gLj;Jk;

Md;kPf khh;f;fkhf kl;Lkd;wp kdpjh;fSf;fpilapyhd njhlh;ig cWjpg;gLj;J

fpd;w xU tho;;f;if KiwahfTk; cs;sJ. mjdhy;jhd; mJ ,ghjj;JfspYk;

Vida tptfhuq;fspYk; r%fj;ij ikag;gLj;jpNa ,aq;fp tUfpd;wJ.

,];yhj;jpd; Nghjidfs; jdpegh;fis Nehf;fpajhf my;yhky; r%fj;ij

Nehf;fpajhfNt toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. my;Fh;Md;> kdpjh;fNs> tpRthrpfNs

vd;W tpspg;gjw;$lhfNt xOf;fq;fisAk; topKiwfisAk; Kd;itf;fpwJ.

,];yhkpa ,ghjj;Jfspy; Kf;fpakhdit $l;lhfNt epiwNtw;wg;gl

Ntz;Lnkd Vtg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhOif> Nehd;G> ]fhj;> ̀ [; Mfpa ehd;Fk;

$l;L tzf;fkhfNt ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. njhOiff;fhd Kd;dhaj;jq;fSk;

eilKiwfSk; ,jw;F rpwe;j cjhuzq;fshFk;. mJ kf;fis k];[pjpd;

gf;fk; miof;fpwJ. mjhd; nrhy;tjw;F Kmj;jpd;> Nghjid nra;a fjPg;

njhOif elj;j ,khk;> fw;Wf;nfhLf;f Kmy;ypk; vd;w gyhpd; xj;Jiog;G


mjw;Fj; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. ,th;fis cUthf;FtJ r%fj;jpd; gzpahFk;.

mth;fSf;F G+kpapy; Ml;rp toq;fpdhy; njhOifia epiy ehl;Lthh;fs;

(22:94) vd;W my;Fh;Md; Rl;bf;fhl;LtJ Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

K];ypk; r%fk; mfPjhit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. ,ghjj;Jfs; %yk;

mjidj; J}a;ikg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. njspthd ,];yhkpa rpe;jid mjid

topelj;Jfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa czh;Tfs; mjid ,af;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

\hPMTk; ,];yhkpa ngWkhdq;fSk; mq;F Ml;rp nrYj;Jfpd;wd. \_wh

vdg;gLk; fye;Jiuahly; mjpy; Kf;fpa ,lk; tfpf;fpd;wJ. jdpegh; tho;T

njhlh;ghd tplaq;fNsh> FLk;g> r%f tpthfhuq;fs; gw;wpa tplaq;fNsh>

murpay; tplaq;fNsh vJthapDk; me;jr; r%fj;jpy; \_wh %ykhfNt

jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

mJ rNfhjuj;Jt r%fk;> r%fj;jpd; xt;Nthh; cWg;gpdUk; kw;wtiu Nerpj;J

elg;gh;. gu];guk; cjtpf; nfhs;th;. jkJ Njitiatpl gpwhpd; Njitf;F

Kd;Dhpik toq;Fth;. ed;ikahd tplaq;fspYk;> jf;thtpYk; cjtpf;

nfhs;th;. gu];guk; md;G nfhs;th;> ,uf;fk; fhl;Lth;> $l;Lg; nghWg;Gld;

nray;gLth;> gu];guk; md;gspg;Gf;fis toq;Ftjd; %yk; Nerj;ij tsh;j;Jf;

nfhs;th;.

K];ypk; r%fj;Jf;nfd jdpahd gz;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; mJ

gy rpwg;Gg; ngah;fshy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ xU j/th r%fk;> ed;ikia

VTtJk; jPikia tpyf;FtJk; kdpjh;fis my;yh ;̀tpd; gf;fk; miog;gJk;

mjd; gpujhd gzpahFk;.

mJ eLepyikahd r%fkhFk;> ve;j tptfhuj;jpYk; mjp jPtpu epiyg;ghL

fis mJ vLg;gjpy;iy. Mirfis mlf;fp Jwtpahf thor; nrhy;yTkpy;iy.

kNdh ,r;irf;F fl;Lg;gl;L tiuaiw kPwp elf;FkhW $wTkpy;iy. kdpj

,ay;ig Vw;W mtw;iw mDgtpf;f ,lkspf;fpwJ.

mJ Xh; ,yl;rpa r%fk;@ my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;jpiag; ngw;W Rth;f;fj;ij

miltJ mjd; ,yl;rpakhFk;. Mjyhy; Rth;f;fj;Jf;fhd topfisg;

Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. eufj;Jf;fhd topfis milj;JtpLfpd;wJ.

mJ Fh;Mdpa r%fk;. my;Fh;Md; me;jr; r%fj;ij topelj;Jfpd;wJ. mJ

nja;tPf r%fk;. t`p mjw;F topfhl;LfpwJ. mJ khDl r%fk;. kdpjid

mtdJ tho;it ikag;gLj;jp nray;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mJ xU gz;ghl;Lr;

r%fk;. ghz;ghl;il tpijg;gJk;> tsu;g;gJk; mjd; gz;ghf cs;sJ.

~~ehd; ew;Fzq;fis G+uzg;gLj;jNt mDg;gg;gl;Ls;Nsd;|| vd egp (]y;)

mth;fs; $wpAs;shh;fs;. mJ xU rh;tNjr r%fk;. mjw;F ehL> ,dk;>

nkhop epwk; Nghd;w NtWghLfspy;iy. mjd; Nghjidfs; midtUf;Fk;

nghJthdit.

,e;epiyapy; K];ypk; r%fj;Jf;nfd jdpahd ghuk;ghpaq;fs; cz;L. mit

]`hghf;fs; fhyk; Kjy; re;jjp re;jjpahff; flj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

me;jr; r%fk; ,\hTf;F Kd;dh; cwq;fr; nry;yhJ. ]_g;`_f;Fg; gpd;dh;

cwq;fTk; khl;lhJ. Neufhyj;Jld; cwq;fr; nry;Yk;> mjpfhiyapNyNa

vOe;J tpLk;. mq;F Mz;> ngz; fyg;G ,Uf;fhJ. k`;ukpfs; kl;LNk

fye;jpUg;gu;. m[pdgpfs; Fwpg;gpl;l tiuaiwfSf;Fs; kl;LNk nraw;gLth;.

gazj;jpd; NghJk;> tPl;by; jq;fpapUf;Fk; NghJk; ,it Ngzg;gLfpd;wd.

cztUe;jy;> cilazpjy;> tPLfis mikj;jy;> itgtq;fis elhj;Jjy;>

gof;ftof;fq;fs; Kjypatw;wpnyy;yhk; me;jg; ghuk;ghpak; filg;gpbf;fg;gl;L


tUfpd;wJ.

vspik> ùhk; `yhy; NgZjy;> cwtpdh;fis Mjhpj;jy;> ]yhj;ijg;

gug;Gjy;> maytUf;F cjTjy;> jhuhsj;jd;ikAld; ele;J nfhs;sy;

r%fj;jpy; eypTw;w kf;fis ifJ}f;fptpLjy; vd;wthW me;jr; r%fk;

tsh;f ;fg ;gLfpd;wJ. clypd; cWg;Gf;fSf;F ctkpf ;fg ;gl ;lik

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

l rNfhjuj;Jtk;rNfhjuj;Jtk;rNfhjuj;Jtk;rNfhjuj;Jtk;rNfhjuj;Jtk;

l ,];yhkpa rNfhjuj;Jtk; nfhs;if top rhh;e;jJ. ehk; vy;NyhUk; Mjkpd;

re;jjpapdh; -gps;isfs; vd;w ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghL xU K];ypk; kw;NwhU

K];ypkpd; rNfhjud; vd;w my;Fu;Md;> ]_d;dhtpd; tiuaiwfs; ,jid

ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

~~xU K];ypk; kw;nwhU K];ypkpd; rNfhjudhthu;. mth; kw;wtUf;F

mepahak; nra;akhl;lhh;. (mepahafhuhplk;) mtiu xg;gilf;fTkhl;lhh;.

ahh; jdJ rNfhjudpd; Njitia ftdpf;fpwhNuh mthpd; Njitia my;yh ;̀

ftdpf;fpd;whd;. ahh; xU K];ypkpd; f\;lj;ij ePf;FfpwhNuh mtuJ

f\;lq;fspnyhd;iw my;yh ;̀ (kWikapy;) ePf;Ffpwhd;. ahh; xU K];ypkpd;

Fiwia kiwf;fpwhNuh my;yh ;̀ kWikapy; mtuJ Fiwia kiwg;ghd;.||

(Gfhhp)

kw;nwhU `jP]py;> mtd; kw;w K];ypKf;F Nkhrb nra;akhl;lhd;.

ngha;nrhy;y khl;lhd;. cjtp nra;ahJ tpl;LtplTkhl;lhd;. xU K];ypKf;F

kw;w K];ypkpd; khdKk; nghUSk; ,uj;jKk; ùhkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU

kdpjd; jdJ K];ypkhd rNfhjuiu mw;gkhff; fUJtNj mtd; nfl;ltd;

vd;gjw;F NghJkhdJ. (jph;kpjp) jhd; tpUk;GtijNa jd; rNfhjuDf;Fk;

tpUk;ghj tiu cq;fspy; vtUk; <khd; nfhz;ltuhfkhl;lhh;. (Gfhhp)

vdNt jhd;> me;j rNfhjuj;Jtj;ij tsh;g;gjw;fhf xU K];ypk; kw;w

K];ypKf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba MW flikfis egpath;fs; typAWj;jp

As;shh;fs;. re;jpj;jhy; ]yhk; $WtPuhf. tpUe;Jf;fioj;jhy; mjpy; fye;J

nfhs;tPuhf. MNyhrid Nfl;lhy; mwpTiu gfh;tPuhf. Jk;kp my;`k;J

ypy;yh`; vd;W nrhd;dhy; (ah;`KFKy;yh`; vd;W) gjpy; $WtPuhf.

Neha; tha;g;gl;lhy; eyk; tprhhpg;ghahf. kuzpj;jhy; [dh]hitg;

gpd;njhlh;e;J nry;tPuhf vd;W kpf vspikahd> Mdhy; rNfhjuj;Jtj;ij

tYg;gLj;jf; $ba topKiwfisf; fhl;bj; je;Js;shh;fs;. ]fhj;> ]jfh>

`pgj; Nghd;wdTk; rNfhjuj;Jtj;ij tsh;g;gjw;fhd topfshff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

MapDk; ,];yhk; ,uj;j cwtpyhd rNfhjuj;Jtj;ij epuhfhpf;ftpy;iy.

,uj;j cwitg; Ngzp elf;f Ntz;Lnkd mJ typAWj;JtJ kl;Lkd;wp

mjidj; Jz;bg;gJ njhlu;ghf vr;rhpf;ifAk; tpLf;fpd;wJ.

l rkj;Jtk;rkj;Jtk;rkj;Jtk;rkj;Jtk;rkj;Jtk;

l fyhepjp `Kjh mg;Jy; mjP mth;fs; rkj;Jtk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F tpsf;f

kspf;Fk; NghJ> mr;nrhy;iy xd;iwg;Nghy; kw;nwhd;W -xNu khjphpahdJ

vd;w fUj;ijj; jtph;j;J> my;yh`;tpd; Kd;dpiyapy; midtUk; rkk;

vd;w fUj;ijNa nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;. kdpjh;fs; ntspj;Njhw;wj;jpy;

xNu khjphpahf ,Ue;jhYk; jpwik> jFjp> tpUg;G> ntWg;G Nghd;wtw;wpy;


NtWgLtJ ,ay;ghdJ. ,itfspy; vJTk; xUthpypUe;J kw;wtiu

cah;j;jptplhJ vdf; $Wk; mth;> kdpj ,dj;jpy; ,t;NtWghLfs; xUtiu

kw;wthpYk; cah;j;jptplhJ vd;fpwhh;.

fyhepjp `Kjhtpd; fUj;J gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. kdpjd; xNu

ehl;by; xNu jhapd; tapw;wpy; gpwg;gtdy;yd;. xNu tifahd #oypy;

tho;gtDky;yd;. mtd; gy ehLfspy; gy;tif ntg;g epiynfhz;l

gpuNjrq;fspy; gyjug;gl;l njhopy;fisr;nra;J cioj;J cz;L tho;fpd;whd;.

vdNt> mth;fsplk; ,d> epw>nkhop> th;f;f NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gJ ,ay;ghdNj.

mj;Jld; ,aw;ifahfNt mike;JtpLfpd;w clw; jd;ikfs;> mwpT> Mw;wy;

Nghd;wtw;wpyhd cah;T jho;Tfs; vd;gdTk; NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpg;gij

kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. ,tw;wpy; vitAk; kdpjd; epidj;jthW miktjpy;iy.

cz;ik ,g;gbapUf;f ,tw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; kdpjid NtWgLj;jpg; ghh;g;gJ

kd;dpf;f Kbahj Fw;wkhFk;.

,];yhk; toq;Fk; rkj;Jtk; fPo;tUk; mbg;gilfisf; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLk;.

1. kdpjh;fs; ahtiuAk; kpf cah;thd my;yh`;Nt gilj;jhd;.

2. kdpjh;fs; vy;NyhUk; Mjk;-`t;th vd;Nghhpd; gps;isfshth;.

3. my;yh ;̀ vy;yhg; gilg;Gf;fisAk; ePjpAlDk;> Neh;ikAlDk; elj;Jthd;.

midj;Jk; mtdJ gilg;Gfs;@ mtdJ mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fs;@

mtDf;F cupath;fs;.

4. ve;j kdpjDk; gpwf;Fk;NghNjh ,wf;Fk;NghNjh vijAk; nfhz;L

tUgth;fNsh> nfhz;L nry;gth;fNsh my;yh;. me;j tifapy;

rkkhdth;fs;.

5. my;yh ;̀ kdpjh;fis mth;fsJ nray;fisf; nfhz;Nl jPh;khdpf;fpd;whd;.

6. my;yh`; kdpjDf;F ~~kdpjd;|| vd;w tifapy; cah;e;j me;j];ij

toq;fpAs;shd;. mtd; Vida gilg;Gfspy; cah;e;jtd;> mofhdtd;>

Vw;wj;jho;tw;wtd;.

my;Fh;MDk; ]_d;dhTk; ,];yhj;jpd; rkj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghl;il kpfj;

njspthfNt Kd;itf;fpd;wd. ~~kdpjh;fNs epr;rakhf ehk; cq;fis Xh;

Mz;> xU ngz;zpypUe;J jhd; gilj;Njhk;|| (49:13) vd;W Fwpg;gpl;L

rkepiyapd; mbj;jsj;ij my;Fh;Md; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,jid egp

(]y;) mth;fspd; `[;[Jy; tpjh gpurq;fk; ,d;Dk; njspthf vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

~~kf;fNs> cq;fs; ,iwtd; xUtNd> cq;fs; Mjpj; je;ijAk; xUtNu

ePq;fs; midtUk; Mjkpd; re;jjpapdh;. MjNkh kz;zpdhy; gilf;fg;gl;lth;.

mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;: Xh; mwgpf;F mwgpay;yhjth; kPNjh> mwgpay;yhjtUf;F

mwgpapd; kPNjh> rptg;G epwj;jtUf;F fWg;G epwj;jth; kPNjh> fWg;G epwj;jtUf;F

rptg;G epwj;jth; kPNjh ve;j topapYk; Nkd;ikNah> rpwg;Ngh fpilahJ.

epr;rakhf cq;fspy; Nkyhdth; my;yh`;tpd; kPJ mjpf mr;rk; (jf;th)

nfhz;ltNu> vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;fs;.

mg+ju; (uop) mtu;fs;> gpyhy; (uop) mtu;fisg; ghu;j;J ~fWg;gpapd kfNd|

vd tpspj;jNghJ> mG+jh; (uop) mth;fsplkpUe;J ,d;Dk; [h`pypa;aj; ePq;f

tpy;iy vdf; $wp egp (]y;) mth;fs; fbe;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,ijr;

nrtpAw;w mG+jh; (uop) mth;fs;> gpyhy; mth;fNs vd;id kd;dpj;J tpLq;fs;@


cq;fs; fhy;fshy; vd; Kfj;ij kpjpAq;fs; vd fz;zPh; ky;ff; Nfl;Lf;

nfhz;lhh;fs;. ,J> epwNtWghL fhz;gpf;ff;$lhJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

vdNt ,dk;> nkhop> epwk;> gpuNjrk; Nghd;w NtWghLfisf; fUj;jpw;

nfhs;shJ midtiuAk; rkepiyapy; Nehf;f Ntz;Lnkd ,];yhk; Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;fpd;wJ. rkj;Jtk; <khdpd; xU gFjpahFk;. xt;nthU K];ypKk;

kw;wth;fs; jk;ikr; rkkhf elj;j Ntz;Lnkd vjph;ghh;f;fpd;whd; jhDk;

kw;wth;fis mg;gbNa elj;Jfpd;whd;.

l r%f ePjpr%f ePjpr%f ePjpr%f ePjpr%f ePjp

l ,];yhj;jpw;F Ke;jpa r%fq;fspy; r%f ePjp njsptpd;wpf; fhzg;gl;lJ.

kdpjd; kdpjDf;F mbikg;gl;L thOk; #oNy KOf;f KOf;ff; fhzg;gl;lJ.

,];yhj;jpy; kdpjdpd; gytPdq;fis mwpe;j my;yh ;̀Nt caHe;j gilg;ghfpa

kdpjd; rPUk; rpwg;Gkhf tho;tjw;fhd topiaf; fhl;bAs;shd;.

“tpRthrpfNs! ePq;fs; ePjj;jpd; kPNj cWjpahf epiyj;jpUq;fs;. (ePq;fs;

rhl;rp $wpdhy;> mJ ) cq;fSf;Nfh> my;yJ cq;fs; ngw;NwhHfSf;Nfh

my;yJ (cq;fs;) neUq;fpa cwtpdHfSf;Nfh tpNuhjkhf ,Ue;j NghjpYk;>

my;yh`;Tf;fhf (cz;ikiaNa) rhl;rp $Wq;fs;… (4:135)

“ePjpahf elg;gtHfs; my;yh ;̀tplj;jpy; xspapdhyhd kpk;gHfspy; ,Ug;ghHfs;.

mtHfs; jkJ Ml;rpapy;> FLk;gj;jpy;> jq;fspd; nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;jtHfSld;

ePjpahf ele;J nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;.” (K];ypk;)

FHMd;> Rd;dh njspthf;fpAs;s ,iwr; rl;lq;fs; vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJ

thdit. “cq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; nrd;wtHfs; Vd; mope;J NghdhHfs; vd;why;>

mtHfs; fPo; kl;l kf;fsp;d; kPJ rl;lq;fisr; nraw;gLj;JthHfs;. caH

Fbapdiu tpl;LtpLthHfs;. ahH ifapy; K`k;kjpd; capH cs;sNjh

mtd; kPJ Mizahf K`k;kjpd; kfs; ghj;jpkh jpUbdhYk; ehd; mts;

ifia ntl;LNtd;” ( G`hup)

u#y;khHfs; ePjp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Nl mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;u#y;khHfs; ePjp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Nl mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;u#y;khHfs; ePjp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Nl mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;u#y;khHfs; ePjp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Nl mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;u#y;khHfs; ePjp nrYj;Jk; nghUl;Nl mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sdu;

my;FHMd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. “epr;rakhf ehk; ek;Kila J}jHfis ( mj;jhl;rp

fspy; njspthdtw;Wld; mDg;gpitj;Njhk;. mtu;fSld; Ntjj;ijAk;>

(ePjj;jpd;) epiw NfhiyAk; kdpjHfs; ePjkhf ele;J tUk; nghUl;L

mUspNdhk;.” (57:25)

my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.

“epr;rakhf my;yh`; kdpjHfSf;F XH mZtsTk; jPq;fpiog;gjpy;iy.

vdpDk;> kdpjHfs; (jPtpidfisr; nra;J) jkf;Fj; jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf;

nfhs;fpd;wdH.” (10:44 )

“vdJ mbahHfNs ehd; mepahak; nra;tij vd; kPJ ̀ uhkhf;fpAs;Nsd;.

ePq;fSk; xUtUf;nfhUtH mepahak; nra;J nfhs;shjPHfs;.” (K];ypk;)

“epr;rakhf my;yh`;> vtUf;Fk;> mtHfSila ghtj;jpw;F mjpfkhd

jz;lidiaf; nfhLj;J XH mZtsTk; mepahak; nra;tjpy;iy. MapDk;>

(XH mZtsT) ed;ik ,Ue;jhy; ($l) mjid ,ul;bj;J jdJ mUisf;

nfhz;L> (gp;d;Dk; mjw;F) kfj;jhd $ypiaf; nfhLf;fpd;whd;.” (4:40)


,itaidj;Jk; jhKk; ePjpahf ele;J> kdpj rKjhaj;ijAk; ePjpahf

ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; mwpTWj;Jtjhf

cs;sd.

,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; r%f ePjp,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; r%f ePjp,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; r%f ePjp,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; r%f ePjp,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; r%f ePjp

– tsq;fisg; gq;fPL nra;jy;.

– r%fj;jpd; midj;J cWg;gpdHfSf;Fk; rkkhd re;jHg;gq;fs; toq;fy;.

– mjpfhuk;> rf;jpAilNahH njhopyhsHfSf;F mtHfspd; ciog;Gf;Fupa

$ypia cupa Neuj;jpy; nfhLj;jy;. mtHfisr; Ruz;b thohjpUj;jy;.

– tWikapy; cs;NshHfspd; epiyikfis Nkk;gLj;j nry;te;jHfs;> njhopy;

toq;FdHfs; ePjpahf elj;jy;.

,J tplaj;jpy; ,];yhk; kf;fhf; fhyg;gpuptpypUe;Nj ftdk; nrYj;jp

te;Js;sikAk; mjw;F mjpf ,lj;ijAk; toq;fpAs;sikAk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

ViofSf;F cztspf;fhNjhH eufpy; ,Ug;ghHfs; vd vr;rupj;jy;.

“mjw;ftHfs;> ehq;fs; njhof;$batHfspy; ,y;iy. ehq;fs; ViofSf;F

Mfhuk; mspf;ftpy;iy.” (84: 3-4)

“(egpNa! kWikapd;) jPHg;igg; ngha;ahf;FNthid ePH (ftdpj;Jg;) ghHj;jPuh?

(jpf;fw;w) mehijfis ntUl;Lgtd; mtd;jhd;. mtd; ViofSf;F

(Mfhukspf;fhjJld;>) Mfhukspf;Fk; gb (gpwiuj;) J}z;LtJkpy;iy.”

(107: 1-3)

vjpupfSld; ePjpvjpupfSld; ePjpvjpupfSld; ePjpvjpupfSld; ePjpvjpupfSld; ePjp

my;FHMd; ePjp nrYj;Jk; tplaj;jpy; jdJ vjpupfSlDk; ePjpahf ele;J

nfhs;SkhW fl;lisapLfpd;wJ. “tpRthrpfNs! ePjj;ij epiyehl;Ltjpy;>

my;yh ;̀Tf;fhf ePq;fs; cWjpahd rhl;rpfshf ,Uq;fs;. kf;fspy; xUrhuhH

kPJ (cq;fSf;F)s;s JNt\k;> (mtHfSf;F) mf;fpukk; nra;Ak;gb>

cq;fisj; J}z;lhjpUf;fTk;. (vt;tsT FNuhjkpUe;j NghjpYk;>) ePq;fs;

ePjpNa nrYj;Jq;fs;. mJjhd; gupRj;jj; jd;ikf;F kpfTk; neUq;fpaJ.

(vj;jifa re;jHg;gq;fspYk;) ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀Tf;Nf gag;gLq;fs;. epr;rakhf

my;yh ;̀ ePq;fs; nra;gtw;iw ed;fwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;.” (5: 8) mjhtJ

ve;j xU r%fj;jpd; kPJk; ePq;fs; nfhz;Ls;s ntWg;Ngh my;yJ vjpHg;Ngh

mtHfs; kPJ ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;tjpypUe;J cq;fisj; jLf;ff; $lhJ

vd ,];yhk; vjpHghHf;fpd;wJ.

FLk;gj;jtHfSld; ePjpahf elj;jy;:FLk;gj;jtHfSld; ePjpahf elj;jy;:FLk;gj;jtHfSld; ePjpahf elj;jy;:FLk;gj;jtHfSld; ePjpahf elj;jy;:FLk;gj;jtHfSld; ePjpahf elj;jy;:

,];yhk; kdpjHfSf;F kj;jpapYs;s cwT KiwfisAk;> mtw;wpd;

juhjuq;fisAk; KOikahff; ftdpf;fpwJ. mjdbg;gilapy; mtutu;fspd;

cupikfisAk;> mtHfsplj;J ePjpahf elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk;

epHzapf;fpd;wJ. ,tHfSld; ,uj;j ge;j cwtpdHfs; ahNuh mtHfSld;

khj;jpuk; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;shJ vt;tpj cwTk; ge;jKk; ,y;yhj

kf;fSlDk; mtd; ePjpahf ele;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd vjpHgHf;fpd;wJ.

jha; je;ijiag; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,tHfs; tplaj;jpy; kpfTk; ePjpahf

ele;J nfhs;SkhW Ntz;lg;gLfpd;wJ. “jha; je;ijAld; ey;ytpjkha;

md;Gld; ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;” (4: 36)


my;yh`; kdpjd; kPJ mjpfsT NgUgfhuq;fs; Gupe;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mjd;

gpwF jha;je;ijaupd; cgfhuq;fs; tUfpd;wd. xU kdpjdpd; rfy

tplaq;fspYk; ngw;Nwhupd; gq;fspg;Ng kpf mjpfkhFk;. mtHfspd; gq;fspg;G

,y;yhj NghJ mtdhy; caHe;j Kd;Ndw;wq;fis mila KbahJ.

mtHfspd; jpahfj;jpw;F epfuhdnjhd;iw kdpj rKjhaj;jpy; fhzKbahJ.

mtHfs; nra;Ak; NgUgfhuq;fspy; my;yh ;̀tpd; NgUgfhuq;fspd; gpujpgypg;Gf;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. my;yh`;it tzq;fp topgLtJ mtDf;F nra;Ak;

gfukhFk;. ngw;Nwhiug; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtHfSld; ePjpaha;> md;ghjutha;

elg;gJNt mtu;fSf;Fr; nra;Ak; NgUgfhukhFk;. my;FHMdpy; “vdf;Fk;

ed;wp nrYj;JtPuhf> ck;Kila jha;je;ijaUf;Fk; ed;wp nrYj;JtPuhf!

NkYk; vd;dplNk jpUk;gp tuNtz;bAs;sJ.” (31: 14)

vdNt ngw;Nwhupd; tplaj;jpy; r%f ePjp vDk; mbg;gilapy; kpff; ftdk;

nrYj;j Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jDld; cwtpdHfSld; ePjpahf elg;gJTk; kpf

typAWj;jpf; $wg;gl;Ls;sijAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

fztd;> kidtpaplj;Nj ePjp :fztd;> kidtpaplj;Nj ePjp :fztd;> kidtpaplj;Nj ePjp :fztd;> kidtpaplj;Nj ePjp :fztd;> kidtpaplj;Nj ePjp :

fztd; kidtp ,UtUk; gu];guk; xUtUf;nfhUtH ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk; vd fz;bg;ghd cj;juit FHMDk;> `jP]{k; tpLj;Js;sd.

u#y; (]y;)mtHfs; ,Wjp `[;[pd;NghJ “Mz;fs; ngz;fSf;F nrYj;j

Ntz;ba flikfSk;> ngz;fs; Mz;fSf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba flikfSk;

,Uf;fpd;wd” vdf;Fwpg;gpl;lijf; fhzyhk;. ek;gpf;ifahf elj;jy;> md;G>

xOf;fkhf elj;jy; Nghd;wit gw;wp ,q;F typAWj;jpf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NkYk; kidtpapd; tplaj;jpy; fztdpd; ePjp newpfshf mtSld; ey;y

Kiwapy; elj;jy;> mtSf;F czT> cil> ciwAs; vd;gd toq;FtJld;>

mtspd; tplaj;jpy; mjpUg;jp fz;lhy; FHMd;> Rd;dhtpd; fl;lisfSf;Nfw;g

ele;J nfhs;tJkhFk;. u#y; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpajhf KMtpah (uop)

mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. ehd; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; “xU kidtpf;F

jd; fztd; kPJ vd;ndd;d cupikfs; cs;sd vd tpdtpNdd;. egp

(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; “ePq;fs; cz;Zk;NghJ mtisAk; cz;zr;

nra;Aq;fs;> cil thq;Fk;NghJ mtSf;Fk; cil thq;fpf; nfhLq;fs;>

mtsJ Kfj;jpy; mbf;fhjPHfs;. mtisr; rgpf;fhjPHfs;> mtSld; njhlHig

tpl;Ltpl NeHe;jhy; tPl;by; kl;Lk; njhlHigj; Jz;bj;Jj; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,itNa ck; kidtpf;F ,Uf;Fk; cupikfs;.” (mg+jhTj;)

,q;F kidtpAldhd ePjp typAWj;jg;gLtJ Nghy; kidtpAk; fztd;

tplaj;jpy; ePjpahf ele;J nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. my;yh ;̀Tf;F khw;wkpy;yhj

tplaq;fspy; mtDf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;> mtdJ fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhj;J

mjw;fhf nraw;gLjy;> mtdJ gps;isfs;;> nry;tq;fisAk;> tPl;ilAk;

ghJfhj;jy;> mtdJ mDkjpapd;wp tPl;il tpl;L ntspNa nry;yhjpUj;jy;>

ghHitiaj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;sy;> rj;jj;ijj; jho;j;Jjy;> ehitg; ghJfhj;jy;>

mtdJ cwtpdHfSld; ePjpahfg; goFjy; Nghd;wd ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. u#y;

(]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; “xU ngz; INtisj; njhOifAk; njhOJ>

ukohd; khjj;jpy; Nehd;Gk; Nehw;W tUfpd;whs;. NkYk; jd; fw;igg; ghJfhj;J

fztDf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J elf;fpd;whs;. ,t;thW elg;gpd;> mts; Rtdj;J

thapy;fspy; ve;j thapiy tpUk;Gfpd;whNsh> mjd; topahf Rtdj;jpy;

Eioal;Lk;.” (kp\;fhj;)


,t;thW my;FHMDk;> `jP]{k; fztd;> kidtpaplj;J ePjpahf elg;gJ

gw;wp typAWj;jpAs;sd. mj;Jld; Foe;ijfspd; tplaKk; $wg;gl;Ls;sijf;

ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gytPdkhdtHfSldhd ePjpgytPdkhdtHfSldhd ePjpgytPdkhdtHfSldhd ePjpgytPdkhdtHfSldhd ePjpgytPdkhdtHfSldhd ePjp

[h`pypa;a r%fj;jpy; gytPdHfs; mlf;fg;gl;L> xJf;fg;gl;lhu;fs;. ePjpahf

elg;NghUf;F kfj;jhd $ypAz;nld;W ,];yhk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. grpj;NjhUf;F

cztspf;fTk;> Nehahspf;F epthuzk; toq;fTk;> Milaw;NwhUf;Fk; Mil

toq;fTk;> NjitAilNahUf;F NghJkhd trjpfs; nra;J nfhLf;fTk;

,];yhk; gzpf;fpd;wJ. czT> cil> ciwAs;> mtutHfSf;Fj; Njitahd

tw;iw tPz; tpuak; nra;ahJ cupa egUf;Fk;> mtupy; jq;fp tho;NthUf;Fk;

trjp nra;J nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. (,khk; ettp

my;k[;%/)

nghUshjhu ePjpnghUshjhu ePjpnghUshjhu ePjpnghUshjhu ePjpnghUshjhu ePjp

rKjhaj;jpy; nghUshjhur; rpf;fy;fspd; gpbapYs;stHfSf;F nghUSjtp

nra;tJ kpf mtrpak;.

nghJthf my;FHMd; ]fhj;Jld; njhOifiaAk;> ,iwtopapy; nryT

nra;tijAk; ,izj;Jf; $wpapUg;gJ nghUshjhu ePjp Ngzg;glNtz;Lk;

vd;gjw;F rhd;whFk;. my;yh ;̀it epidT $Uk; ve;j kdpjDk; ,t;tplaj;jpy;

myl;rpakhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd;gijNa ,J fhl;Lfpd;wJ. my;FHMdpy;

“mtHfspd; nry;tq;fspy; ahrpg;gtUf;Fk;> ,y;yhNjhUf;Fk; cupik

,Uf;fpd;wJ.” (51: 19) “mtHfspd; nry;tq;fspy; epHzapf;fg;gl;l cupik

,Uf;fpd;wJ” (70: 24-25) vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wd.

nrhj;Jg;gq;fPl;by; ePjpahf nray;gl ,];yhk; gy topfis itj;Js;sJ.

1. thupRr; nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpLjy;

2. ]fhj;> ]jfh> `pgj;

3. nghJ ed;ikfisg; NgZtjw;fhf nry;tq;fspd; kPJ ,];yhkpa muR

tup tpjpj;jy;

nry;tk; kf;fspilNa ePjpahfg; gfpug;gLtjw;F ,];yhk; topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.

nry;tk; Xuplj;jpy; Njq;fp epw;gij ,];yhk; tpUk;gtpy;iy. mJ gyUf;Fk;

gad;gl Ntz;Lnkd;Nw tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. r%fj;jpdJk;> kf;fspdJk; eyd;

fUjp nry;tj;jpd; xU gFjpia mwtpl fyPghTf;F mjpfhuk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

twpNahupd; juj;ij caHj;Jfpd;wJ. gzj;ij nry;te;jdplKk;> twpatdpl

Kk; Clhl tpLfpwJ. mJ gzf;fhuupd; ifapNy xl;bf;nfhs;s tpltpy;iy.

“cq;fspy; nry;te;jUf;fpilNa khj;jpuk; Rw;whkypUf;f (,g;gbf;

fl;lisapLfpd;whd;.” (59: 7)

l $l;Lg; nghWg;G$l;Lg; nghWg;G$l;Lg; nghWg;G$l;Lg; nghWg;G$l;Lg; nghWg;G

l u#y; (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;. “kdpj Fyk; KOtJk; my;yh`;tpd;

FLk;gkhFk;. kdpj Fyj;jpw;F mjpf ed;ik nra;gtHjhd; my;yh ;̀tplj;jpy;

mjpf md;Gf;FupatuhthH.” (kp\;fhj;)

l xt;nthU jdpkdpjDk; Jd;g> Jauq;fspd; NghJ ahUila cjtpAk;

,y;yhJ jdpNa epd;W gupjtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;FkhW tplg;glf; $lhJ.


mtuJ Jf;fq;fs; Jauq;fs; Kbe;jsT gpwuhy; czug;gl;L Kbe;jsT

mtw;iw mfw;w Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs; “vtd; kdpjHfs; kPJ fUiz Guptjpy;iyNah

mj;jifatd; kPJ ,iwtd; fUiz Guptjpy;iy.” (G`hup)

,];yhk; jdp kdpjHfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf; Fiwf;fTkpy;iy. FLk;gj;ijg;

Gwf;fzpf;fTkpy;iy. mj;Jld; mtd; ve;j r%fj;jpd; mq;fNkh mjd;

cupikf;fhfg; ghLgLtJk; mtdJ nghWg;ghFk;. ,e;j czHit ,];yhk;

mtDs; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. me;j r%fj;ij Mf;fg+Htkhf tsHf;f Kw;gLtJk;

me;j r%fj;jpw;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;lhFk;.

l ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;l midtUk; xU ck;kj; vd;w ,yl;rpaf;

FOtpduhtH. mtHfSf;fpilapy; ,iwkhHf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd

rNfhjuj;Jtk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,uj;j cwT ,y;yhjpUg;gpDk; mtHfs;

xUtUf;nfhUtH rNfhjuHfNs. mtHfspd; cupikfis mtHfspy; ,Ue;J

gwpj;Jtpl KbahJ. eyk; ehLjy;> md;G> ghrk;> mtrufhy Nrit> mdHj;jq;

fspd; NghJ cjTjy;> gupNthL elj;jy; midj;Jk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

l xU egpnkhopapy; ,jd; rpwg;Gf;fs; gw;wp tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. egp(]y;) mtHfs;

mwpTWj;jpapUf;fpd;whHfs;. “XH ,iw tpRthrpf;F cyfpy; Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fspy;

VjhtnjhU Jd;gj;ij vtH fisfpwhNuh my;yh ;̀ kWik ehspy; mtUf;F

Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fspy; xU Jd;gj;ij mfw;Wthd;. Jd;gj;jpy; rpf;fp thLk;

xUtiu mjpypUe;J tpLtpf;f vtnuhUtH cjTfpwhNuh ,k;ik kWikapy;

mtUf;F Vw;gLk; Jd;gq;fspy; ,Ue;J mtiu tpLtpf;f my;yh`; top

nra;thd;. xU K];ypkpd; Fw;wq;Fiwfis xUtH kiwj;jhy;> mtUila

Fw;wq;Fiwfis ,t;TyfpYk;> kWikapYk; my;yh`; kiwj;jpLthd;. XH

mbahd; jdJ rNfhjuUf;F cjtp nra;tjpy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; tiu my;yh ;̀

mtUf;F cjtp nra;Jnfhz;bUg;ghd;.” (K];ypk;)

,e;j `jP]; xU K];ypkpd; tplaj;jpy; $l;lhfr; nray;gLtjd; rpwg;ig

tptupf;fpd;wJ. ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhH gu];guk; ,ize;J XH cly;

Nghy; jpfo Ntz;Lk;. mt;Tlypd; XH cWg;G JaUWtij KO clYk;

czHe;J mij mfw;w Kay;fpwJ. mj;jifa jd;ikAld; ,e;j r%fk;

,aq;f Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk; tpUk;Gfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,];yhk; gu];gu

xj;Jiog;gpd; kPJk;> $l;Lg; nghWg;gpd; kPJk; r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;wJ.

xU rhjhuz kdpjidg; nghWj;jtiuapy; mtd; jdJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfshd

ngw;NwhH> kidtp kf;fs;> rNfhjuHfs;> cwtpdHfs; tplaj;jpy; $l;Lg;

nghWg;ig epiwNtw;w flikg;gl;ltdhthd;. ,tHfs; kPjhd nghWg;Gf;fshf

mtHfSf;F ey;ytw;iw Vtp jPaijj; jLj;J> ey;topfhl;l Ntz;bAs;shd;.

jdJ gps;isfs; tplaj;jpy; mtHfs; rpwe;j gz;ghLfs;> xOf;f tpOkpaq;fs;

nfhz;ltHfshf tsh;f;fg;glNtz;ba nghWg;Gilatdhthd;.

$l;Lg; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfs;$l;Lg; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfs;$l;Lg; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfs;$l;Lg; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfs;$l;Lg; nghWg;ig epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd topKiwfs;

• FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> cwtpdHfSf;Fk; nryT nra;jy; : trjpAs;NshH jdJ

FLk;gj;Jf;Fk;> trjpaw;w cwtpdUf;Fk; mtH ,uj;j cwT vd;gjdhYk;>

jdJ flik vd;w tifapYk; ,jidr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. my;FHMd; ,J

gw;wpf; $wpAs;sjhtJ “ge;Jf;fSf;Fk;> ViofSf;Fk; topg;Nghf;fHfSf;Fk;

mtutHfSila ghj;jpaijfisf; nfhLj;J tuTk;” (17: 26)


• $l;Lf; flikfs;> gu;S fpghahf;fs;> nghJ eyg; gzpfs; Nghd;wtw;iw

epiwNtw;wy;.

• ]fhj;> ]jfh> ed;nfhil> tf;g;> t]pa;aj;> co;̀ pa;ah> mfPfh Nghd;wtw;iw

epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yKk; r%fj;jpw;fhd $l;Lg; nghWg;gpid epiwNtw;wy;.

• kdpjHfSf;F kj;jpapy; rkhjhdk; nra;J itj;jy; :

kf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; gu];guk; Vw;gLk; Ntw;Wikfspd; NghJ rkhjhdk;

nra;J itj;jYk; xU $l;Lg; nghWg;ghFk;. ,UtUf;fpilapyhd vjpHg;Gfs;

gy vjpupfsplj;Jk; gifikahf khwpd; mJ FNuhjkhfTk;> Nghl;bahfTk;

Vd;? ,uj;jk; rpe;jp Aj;jk; nra;Ak; epiyf;Nf nry;yyhk; vd;w tifapy;

my;FHMd; ,jid typWj;jpAs;sJ. “tpRthrpfs; (ahtUk;) epr;rakhf

rNfhjuHfNs! MfNt cq;fs; rNfhjuHfSf;fpilapy; (xOq;ifAk;

rkhjhdj;ijAk; epiy epWj;jp) RKfkhf ,Uq;fs;. (,jpy;) my;yh ;̀Tf;Fg;

gae;J elTq;fs;. (,jdhy;) mtDila fpUigiag; ngwyhk;.” (49: 9)

,it Nghd;W gu];guk; xUtUf;nfhUtH cjtp nra;jy;> tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;>

tho;j;Jjy;> fy;tp Gfl;Ljy;> fld; toq;Fjy;> ,uty; nfhLj;jy;> thzpgj;jpy;

$l;Lr; Nru;j;jy;> tptrhaj;jpy; gq;Fjhuuhjy;> MNyhrid toq;fy;> ey;yij

VTjy;> jPaijj; jLj;jy; Nghd;wdTk; mlq;Fk;.

l jiyikj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtk;

l muG nkhopapy; “my;fpahjh” vDk; gjg; gpuNahfk; jiyikj;Jtk; vDk;

fUj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. gupghi\apy; “my;-fpahjj;” vd;gJ “kdpj

,ay;NghL xd;wpr; nry;fpd;w> kdpj elj;ijapy; jhf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;w>

Fwpj;j ,yf;fpd;ghy; topelj;jpr; nry;fpd;w xU fiy” vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

NkYk; “jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gJ tw;GWj;jypy;yhj KiwfspD}lhf kf;fisr;

nraw;gl Cf;Ftpg;gjd; %yk; mtHfis xU jpl;lkpl;l jpirapy; nrYj;Jk;

nrad; KiwahFk;.” vdTk; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; mtrpak;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; mtrpak;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; mtrpak;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; mtrpak;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; mtrpak;

l “tpRthrpfNs ePq;fs; my;yh`;Tf;Ff; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;> mt;thNw my;yh`;

tpDila J}jUf;Fk;> cq;fs; jiytHfSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.”

“tpRthrpfNs! cq;fSf;Fs; ahnjhU tplaj;jpy; gpzf;F Vw;gl;lhy; mjid

my;yh`;tplKk; mtdJ J}juplKk; xg;gilj;J tpLq;fs;. nka;ahfNt

ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀itAk; ,WjpehisAk; tpRthrk; nfhz;ltHfshf ,Ue;jhy;

mtHfSila jPHg;ig ePq;fs; jpUg;jpahfNt xg;Gf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,Jjhd;

ed;ikahfTk;> kpf mofhd KbthfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.” (4: 59)

jdpj;Jr; nraw;gLtijAk;> gpupe;J tho;tijAk; fz;bf;Fk; ,];yhk; r%fkhf

tho jiyik mtrpak; vd;gij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

• “njspthd Mjhuq;fs; te;j gpwFk;> fUj;J Kuz;gl;L gpupe;J epd;wtHfs;

Nghy; ,Uf;fhjPHfs;. mtHfSf;F rpy Kfq;fs; fWj;Jk;> rpy Kfq;fs;

ntspwpAk; NghFk; ehspy; fLikahd Ntjid fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.” (3:105-

106)

“cq;fspy; %d;W Ngu; xU gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhYk; xUtiuj; jiytuhf

epakpj;Jf;nfhs;sl;Lk;.” (G`hup)


“cku;(uop) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: jiyikj;Jtkpd;wp $l;likg;G ,y;iy>

mbgzpjy; ,d;wp jiyikj;Jtk; ,y;iy…” (jhukp)

• “egpatu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: iffhy;fs; Jz;bf;fg;gl;l Xu; mbik> cq;fSf;F

jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;L> mtu; my;Fu;Mdpd; %yk; cq;fis Ms;thu;

vdpd; mtUf;F ePq;fs; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.”

• ey;y jiyikj;Jtk; kf;fis cupa jpirapNy nrYj;j ty;yjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

mj;jpirahdJ ,];yhj;ij> rhe;jpia cyfshtpa uPjpapy; vj;jp itg;gJ

Nghd;W nghJj; jd;ikAilajhf ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ Fwpj;jnjhU tplak;

rk;ge;jkhf khehnlhd;iw elj;JtJ Nghd;W rpwg;Gj; jd;ikAilajhf

,Uf;fyhk;. vg;gbapUg;gpDk; iff;nfhs;Sk; topKiwfSk;> milag; NghFk;

KbTfSk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; eyDf;F ePz;l fhy uPjpapy; Jizahf

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j my;FHMd; trdq;fSk;> `jP];fSk;

K];ypk;fs; jq;fsJ tptfhuq;fs; rPuhf ,lk;ngw jq;fSf;Fs; xU

jiyikj;Jtj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk;gbAk;> mt;thW jiyikj;Jtk;

Njhd;Wk;NghJ mjw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLkhWk;> jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLtJ

my;yh`;> u]_Yf;F fl;Lg;gl;L elg;gjw;F mLj;jhw;NghYs;s juj;jpy;

,Ug;gjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

• kdpjd; r%fj;NjhL $bthOk; ,ay;gpy; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;. r%fkpd;wp

jdpahf mtd; tho;tJ fbdk;. vdNtjhd; kdpjDf;F toq;fg;gLk; kpfg;

ngupa nfhLik mtid jdpikapy; rpiwitg;gjhFk; vd mwpQHfs;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. ,e;j tifapy; clypYs;s XH cWg;G ,d;NdhH cWg;gpd;

Njitia Ntz;b epw;gJ Nghy; kdpjd; ,d;ndhU kdpjdpd;ghy;

NjitAilatdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. ,t;thW kdpjHfSf;fpilapyhd njhlHGfs;

mjpfupf;fpd;w Ntisapy; jiyikj;Jtnkhd;W ,d;wpaikahjjhfpd;wJ.

,d;Nwy; rPuhd> fl;Lf;Nfhg;ghd r%fkhf> r%f mikg;ghf mJ ,Uf;fhJ.

• r%fj;jpy; jiyikj;Jtnkd;gJ clypy; jiyiag; Nghd;wJ. r%f

,yf;Ffis> mjd; nraw;ghLfis jiyikj;JtNk epHzapf;fpd;wJ. mJ

gykhf> tpopg;ghf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ r%fKk; gykhf tpopg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;.

mJ gytPdg;gLk; NghJ r%fKk; gytPdg;gl;L tPo;r;rpailAk;.

,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; jiyikj;Jtnkd;gJ ,Nyrhd tplaky;y.

mjd; nraw;ghLfs; tpuptilAk; Nghnjy;yhk; mjd; nghWg;Gf;fSk;

mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk;. Vnddpy; “ePq;fs; midtUk; Nka;g;ghsHfs;> cq;fspy;

xt;nthUtUk; mtuJ Nka;g;igg; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtPHfs;. ,khk; xU

Nka;g;ghsH. mtH jdJ Nka;g;igg; gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLthH” (G`hup) vd;w

`jP]; ,jd; nghWg;G RikahdJ vd;gij typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. NkYk;

,J mkhdpjk; vd;gij kw;nwhU egpnkhop %yk; ehk; tpsq;fp;f; nfhs;syhk;.

mg+jH- my;fpghup (uyp) mtHfs; egp (]y;) mtHfsplk; jiyikj;Jtg;

gjtpnahd;iwf; Nfl;lNghJ egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpa gjpy; ,jid

typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. “mg+jH mtHfNs! ePq;fs; xU gytPdkhdtu;. epr;rakhf

mJNth XH mkhdpjk;. mjid xUtu; jifikapy;yhj epiyapy;

Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mjd; nghWg;Gfis ruptu epiwNtw;wj; jtwpdhy; mJ

kWik ehsd;W ,opitAk; ifNrjj;ijAk; Njbj;jUk;.|| (K];ypk;)


,t;thNw jiytiuj; njupT nra;tJk; mkhdpjkhFk;. Vnddpy; “nghUj;j

khdtiu nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpy; itf;ftpy;iynad;why; mkhdpjk;

epiwNtw;wg;gltpy;iy vd;W nghUs;.” “tpRthrpfNs! cq;fsplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mkhdpjq;fis mtw;wpd; nrhe;jf;fhuHfsplk; xg;ilj;J

tpLkhW epr;rakhf my;yh`; cq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapLfpwhd;.” (4: 59)

ahH nghUj;jkhd xUtiuj; njupT nra;Ak; tplaj;jpy; nksdpj;J jdJ

fUj;ij ntspapLtjpypUe;J jtpHe;J nfhs;fpd;whNuh “mtH rhl;rpaj;ij

kiwj;jtH” vDk; gl;baypy; NrHe;J tpLfpwhH. ,jid my;yh`; vr;rupj;J

gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhd;. “rhl;rpaj;ij ePq;fs; kiwf;f Ntz;lhk;> vtNuDk;

mjid kiwj;jhy; mtuJ ,Ujak; epr;rakhf ghtj;jpw;Fs;shfp tpLfpwJ.

ePq;fs; nra;Ak; ahtw;iwAk; my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;.” (2: 283)

jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;:jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;:jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;:jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;:jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gLjy;:

jiyikj;Jtk; rPuhf ,lk; ngwNtz;Lkhdhy; mj;jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;Fupa

cupikfs; Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mjd;

fPOs;stHfs; fl;Lg;gl;L elf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F Mjhukhf> my;FHMd;

trdq;fSk; egpfshupd; `jP];fSk; mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

“tpRthrpfNs! my;yh`;tpw;F topg;gl;L elTq;fs;. mt;thNw cq;fs;

J}jUf;Fk; jiytHfSf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;.” (4: 59) ) ) ) ) vd;w my;FHMd; trdKk;

“cq;fspNy ̀ g\p ehl;L mbik jiytuhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtUf;F fl;Lg;gl;L

topgl;L elTq;fs;” vd;w ̀ jP]{k; jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gl;L elg;gjd;

mtrpaj;ij typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

jiyikj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghl;il typAWj;jpa ,];yhk; mjd; fbthsj;ij

tiuaWj;J tFj;Jk; te;Js;sJ. Vnddpy; rHthjpfhu jiyikj;Jtg;

Nghf;if ,];yhk; Kw;whf ntWf;fpd;wJ. vdNt> jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F rpy

epge;jidfisapLtjD}lhf mjw;fhd fl;Lg;ghl;il typAWj;Jfpd;wJ.

,e;jtifapy; gpd;tUk; tiuaiwfis mJ tpjpf;fpd;wJ.

1. jiytH my;yJ Ml;rpahsH ,];yhkpa newpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wgtuhf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ePjpiaf; nfhz;L jPHg;gspg;gtuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. kf;fis ghtj;ijf; nfhz;L VTgtuhf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ.

,e;j tifapy; Nkw;Fwpj;j epge;jidfSf;F mg;ghw;gl;l tpjj;jpy;

jiyikj;Jtk; fhzg;gLk;NghJ> mjw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;L mbgzptJ flikay;y>

,jid gpd;tUk; egpnkhop njspthf tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ. “epr;rakhf fl;Lg;ghL

vd;gJ ed;ikahd tptfhuq;fspNyNajhd;” (G`hup)

jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfs;

jiyikj;Jtk; rpwg;ghf> rPuhd Kiwapy; ,lk;ngw mJ jFjpg; gz;Gfisg;

ngw;wpUg;gNjhL rpy FznthOf;fq;fisAk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;LfpwJ.

jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; ntw;wp mJ ngw;wpUf;Fk; gz;Gfisg; nghWj;Nj mikAk;.

“my;yh`;itAk; ,WjpehisAk; cWjpahf ek;GfpwtHfSf;Fupa mofpa

Kd;khjpup epr;rakhf my;;yh ;̀tpDila J}juplNk ,Uf;fpwJ.” (my;-m ;̀]hg;

: 31) vd;w my;FHMd; trdk;> mtHfs; murpay; thjpahf> FLk;gj;jiytuhf>


epHthfpahf> tzf;fthspahf ,Ue;jJ Nghd;Nw rfy topfspYk; topfhl;lf;

$ba jiytuhfTk; tpsq;fp mjd; gz;Gfis tpsf;fpr; nrd;whHfs;.

egp (]y;) mtHfs; ngw;wpUe;j jiyikj;Jtg; gz;Gfisg; gpd;tUkhW

njhFj;Jr; RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;. g+uz FznthOf;fk;> Gj;jpf;$Hik>

ey;yhl;rp> gzpT> nghWik> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik> thf;F kPwhik> tPuk;> clw;gyk;>

ey;YwT> md;G> csg;gf;Ftk;> J}ujpU\;b> MSik> rpwe;j Kd;khjpup

Nghd;w gy gz;Gfisg; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;.

jiytupd; flikfs;jiytupd; flikfs;jiytupd; flikfs;jiytupd; flikfs;jiytupd; flikfs;

,];yhkpa rl;lty;YdHfs; gy flikfis ehl;bd; jiytH kPJ

tpjpahf;Ffpd;wdH. ,jpy; my;yhkh mGy; ̀ ]d; myp my;khtHjp Fwpg;gpLk;

khHf;f> nghUshjhu> murpay;> r%f uPjpahd gj;Jf; flikfs; kpfTk;

njspthdit. mjd; RUf;fk; gpd;tUkhW.

1. ehl;bd; ,iwikiag; ghJfhj;jy;

2. tpRthrpfs;> MNyhrfHfspd; fUj;Jf;fis vLj;J elj;jy;

3. jPidg; ghJfhj;jy;

4. jz;lidfis epiwNtw;wy;

5. vjpHg;Gf;fis Kwpabj;jy;

6. ,];yhj;ij vjpHg;NghHfSld; (epu;g;ge;j epiyapy;) [p`hj; nra;jy;

7. ]fhj;> tupfs; Nghd;wtw;iw Nrfupj;jy;

8. igj;Jy;khypypUe;J toq;fg;gLk; nfhLg;gdTfis epHzapj;jy;

9. rl;lq;fisj; Njitahdtplj;Jg; gpuNahfpj;jy;

10.ehl;L tptfhuq;fspy; vg;NghJk; fz;fhzpg;Gld; ,Uj;jy;

,];yhkpaj; jiyikj;Jtj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; mbg;gil tplaq;fs;

%d;Ws;sd. mit \{wh> ePjp> fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk; vd;gdthFk;.

l r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj;r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj;r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj;r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj;r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj;

l egp (]y;) mth;fs; kjPdhTf;F `p[;uj; nrd;wNghJ kjPdhtpd; vy;iyapy;

(Fgh) xU k];[pij eph;khdpj;jhh;fs;. gpd;dh; kjPdhtpy; k];[pJe; egtpia

epu;khzpj;jhu;fs;. mJ tuyhw;wpYk;> K];ypk; r%f eph;khzj;jjpYk; Kf;fpa

gq;if tfpg;gNjhL khjpup k];[pjhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. r%fj;ij k];[pj;fs;

topelj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fk; Kd;Djhuzkhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ.

l k];[pj;> [khmj; njhOiff;fhd ,lkhf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lhYk;> mJ K];ypk;

r%fj;ij vt;thW $l;bizg;gJ> mt;tpizg;ig vt;thW fl;bf; fhg;gJ

vd;gtw;Wf;fhd gapw;rpf;fskhfTk; mike;jJ. [khmj; njhOiff;fhd

miog;G> eilKiw vd;gd ,jidr; nray;tbtpy; gapw;Wtpj;jd. k];[pjpd;

Md;kPf nraw;ghLfSk;> cyfpay; nraw;ghLfSk; r%f tho;Tf;F

cWJizahf ,Ug;gjhy; jhd; k];[pJldhd cwT ghuhl;lg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ~~xU kdpjd; k];[pJf;Fr; nry;tij toikahf;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gijf; fz;lhy;

mtd; <khidg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;whd; vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf ,Uq;fs;.||

(jph;kpjp)


l ~~G+kpapy; my;yh`;Tf;F kpf tpUg;gkhd ,lk; k];[pjhFk;. mtDf;F kpf

ntWg;Gf;Fupa ,lk; re;ijfshFk;.|| (K];ypk;)

l k`;\upy; ve;j epoYNk ,y;yhj me;ehspy; my;yh`;tpd; mu;\pd; fPo;

epoy; ngWk; Ngw;iw VO njhFjpapdh; ngw;Wf;nfhs;th;. mth;fSs;

k];[pj;fSld; ,Wf;fkhd njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jth;fSk; xU njhFjpapd

uhth;> (G`hup).

l ahh; jd;Dila tPl;by; ,Ue;J T* nra;J nfhz;L my;yh ;̀tpd; VjhtnjhU

k];[pij Nehf;fp jdJ khh;f;ff; flikia epiwNtw;wr; nrd;whNuh

mtUila xt;nthU fhybf;Fk; ed;ik vOjg;gLk;. ghtk; mopf;fg;gLk;.

me;j];J cah;j;jg;gLk;.(K];ypk;) vd;gd Nghd;w `jP];;fs; Md;kPf

Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd topKiwahf kl;Lk; nrhy;yg;gl;ldthftd;wp r%f

Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd topKiwahfTk; nfhs;tjw;F ,lKz;L. Vnddpy; kdpjDf;F

Md;kPf gf;Ftj;ij toq;FtNjhL mtid r%f eydpy; mf;fiw nfhs;sTk;

itf;fpd;wd. ,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mth;fs; ,/jpfhg; ,Ue;j fhyfl;lj;jpy;

xU rNfhjudpd; Njitia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf ntspNawpaikAk; ,jw;F

mth;fs; nfhLj;j tpsf;fKk;> ,jid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

l egp (]y;) mth;fs; k];[pJe;egtpia ikakhf itj;Nj K];ypk; r%fj;ij

fl;;bnaOg;gpdhh;fs;. Mjyhy; mjd; gzpfs; tpuptile;jpUe;jd. my;yh`;

itAk; jdpkdpjidAk; ,izf;fpd;w fskhf kl;Lkd;wp jdpkdpjh;fis

,izf;fpd;w fskhfTk; nraw;gLj;jpdhh;fs;.

l r%fk; mjd; jiytiu vg;NghJk; re;jpf;ff; $ba ,lkhf k];[pj;

mike;jNjhL mjid ,yFgLj;Jk; topahfTk; mike;jJ. egp (]y;)

mth;fs; k];[pjpd; xU gFjpapy; jkJ thr];jyj;ij mikj;Jf;

nfhz;lhh;fs;. njhOiff;F tUk; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; kf;fs; mth;fisr;

re;jpg;gjw;F mJ topahf mike;jJ. kjPdhtpy; FbapUg;gth;fs; kl;Lkd;wp

kjPdhTf;F ntspNa ,Ue;J tUfpd;w K];ypk;fSk;> K];ypk; my;yhjth;

fSk;> jdpj;Jk; $l;lhfTk; re;jpg;gjw;fhd ,lkhfTk; k];[pj; mike;jJ.

l mq;F r%f tptfhuq;fs; gw;wp mbf;fb fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;gl;ld. tsh;e;J

tUk; Gjpa r%fk; vd;w tifapy; jdpegh;fSk;> r%fKk; gy gpur;rpidfis

vjph;Nehf;fpdhh;fs;. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; my;yh ;̀tplkpUe;J fpilf;fpd;w t`pAk;>

egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topfhl;lYk;> r%fj;Jld; elj;jpa \_whTNk

ifnfhLj;jd. mit k];[pjpy;jhd; ngUk;ghYk; ,lk;ngw;wd.

l egp(]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; k];[pj; fy;tp epiyakhfr; nraw;gl;lJ.

my;yh`;tplkpUe;J fpilf;Fk; my;Fh;Md; Maj;Jf;fs; mq;F Xjpf;fhl;lg;

gl;ld. egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fj;ghf;fs;> fye;Jiuahly; %yk; ghl Nghjid

fis elj;jpdhh;fs;. m];`hG];]{g;gh vdg;gl;l k];[pjpy; epue;jukhfj;

jq;fpapUe;j ]`hghf; FOtpdh; egpath;fsplk; fw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhL> Vida

]`hghf;fSf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; gzpiaAk; nra;J te;jhh;fs;.

l r%fj;jpd; nghUshjhuj; Njitia epth;j;jp nra;Ak; ,lkhfTk; mJ

nraw;gl;lJ. ]fhj;> ]jfh> fdPkj; Nghd;wd fpilf;fg;ngWk; NghJ mit

k];[pjpy; itj;Jg; gfph;e;jspf;fg;gl;ld.


l r%fg; gpur;rpidfisf; fye;jhNyhrpj;J jPh;j;J itf;Fk; mNj gzpNahL>

r%fj;jpy; epfOk; FiwfSf;F ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jPh;g;Gf; $Wk;

ePjpkd;wkhfTk; mJ nraw;gl;lJ. egp(]y;) mth;fs; ePjpgjpahf epd;W

jPh;g;G toq;fpdhh;fs;.

l rpyNghJ ,uhZt gapw;rp KfhkhfTk;> kUj;Jt KfhkhfTk; $l mJ

gzpahw;wpapUf;fpd;wJ. mjd; tshfj;jpy; $lhuk; mikf;fg;gl;L rpfpr;ir

toq;fpa epfo;TfSk; cz;L.

l egp (]y;) mth;fSf;Fg; gpd;dh; Njhd;wpa Fyghch; uh\pjPd;fspd; fhyj;jpYk;

k];[pJe; egtpapy; ,Nj gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;wd. khfhz jiyefh;fspy;

MSdh;fSk; k];[pj;fis mikj;J mt;thNw nraw;gl;ldh;.

l ]`hghf;fs; k];[pj;fspy; ghlNghjidfis elj;jpdhh;fs;. mth;fisj;

njhlh;e;J te;j jhgpaPd;fSk;> jgpcj; jhgpaPd;fSk; $l ,Nj eilKiwiag;

gpd;gw;wpdhh;fs;. ,khk; khypf;> ]<j; gpd; Ki]ag; KjyhNdhh; k];[pJe;

egtpapy; tFg;G elj;jpdh;. ̀ p.36 ,y; vfpg;jpy; mk;h; ,g;Dy; M]; gs;spthrypy;

ehw;gJf;F Nkw;gl;l fy;tp tl;lq;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. ,khk; \hgp<> [uPUj;

jgup KjyhNdhh; ghlk; elj;jpdh;. `p. 361 ,y; eph;khzpf;fg;gl;l [hkpcy;

m];`h; gs;sp thrYk; (,d;W m];`h; gy;fiyf;fofkhf khwpAs;sJ)

bA+dPrpahtpd; [hkpM i]j;J}dpahTk; ,t;thwhdNj. gf;jhj; [hkpM

gs;spthrypy; fjPg; my; gf;jhjp ghlNghjid elj;jpdhh;. lk];f]; [hkpM

ckupYk; fy;tpg; Nghjid ,lk; ngw;wJ. ,q;nfy;yhk; rd;khh;f;fg; ghlq;fs;

kl;Lkd;wp ,yf;fpak;> ftpij> jj;Jtk;> fzpjk;> kUj;Jtk; Nghd;w ghlq;fSk;

fw;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. vdNtjhd; 'k];[pj; ,ghjj;Jf;Fupa ,lkhf kl;Lkd;wp

K];ypk;fSf;F khh;f;ff; fy;tpiaAk;> cyff; fy;tpiaAk; Nghjpf;Fk;

fyhgPlkhfTk; tpsq;fpaJ" vd fyhepjp K];jgh ]pgh< Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

l k];[pj; E}y; epiyaq;fs; Njhd;Wtjw;Fk;> m];`hG]; ]{g;ghf;fspd; gzp

Kd;Djhuzkhf mike;jJ. ,];yhk; tsh;r;rpAw;w fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa

k];[pj;fs; E}yfq;fis mq;fq;fshf itj;jpUe;jd. kjPdh> vfpg;J> lk];f];>

ifuthd;> bANdrpah Kjypa ,lq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; k];[pj; E}yfq;fis

,jw;F cjhuzkhff; fhl;lyhk;.

l vdpDk; fhyNthl;lj;jpy; k];[pj;fs; mtw;wpd; tpupthd gzpia RUf;fpf;

nfhz;ld. Md;kPfr; nraw;ghLfSf;fhd ,lkhf kl;Lk; ,aq;f Muk;gpj;jd.

cyf tptfhuq;fs; (murpay;> r%f> nghUshjhu> fy;tp> fyhrhu> rh;tNjr

tptfhuq;fs;) gw;wpa nraw;ghLfs; NtW ,lq;fSf;F khw;wg;gl;lNjhL

mit Md;kPf capNuhl;lj;ijAk; ,oe;jd. gpw fyhrhuj; jhf;fq;fSf;Fl;gl;L

newpgpwo;e;jdh;. ,jdhy; K];ypk; r%fj;jpd; tPo;r;rp Muk;gpj;jJ.

l ,jid epth;j;jpg;gjpy; rkfhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa K];ypk; rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs;

gyh; vLj;j Kaw;rpfspd; fhuzkhf kPz;Lk; k];[pj;fis ,g;gzpapy;

<LgLj;Jk; topfs; jpwe;J tplg;gl;Ls;sd. cyf K];ypk; xd;wpak;> (whgpjh)

mjw;fhd jdpahd fpisnahd;iwj; jhgpj;Jr; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. vkJ ehl;ilg;

nghWj;jtiuAk; r%fg; Gduikg;Gf;fhd ikakhf k];[pj;fis khw;w

Ntz;ba Njit cs;sJ. me;j tifapy;>

1. nghUj;jkhd k];[pj; eph;thfpfis mkh;j;jy;.

2. k];[pj; mikg;gpy; khw;wq;fis vw;gLj;jy;.


3. fy;tp tl;lq;fis Vw;gLj;jy;.

4. E}yfq;fisg; gbg;gbahff; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.

5. ]fhj; Nghd;wtw;iwf; $l;lhf Nrfupf;fTk;;> tpdpNahfpf;fTk; xOq;F

nra;jy;.

6. r%fg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;j;J itg;gjw;fhd ,zf;f rigfis Vw;gLj;jy;.

7. nghJg;gzpfspy; <Lgl jiyik jhq;Fjy;. (murpay;> r%f> fy;tp>

nghUshjhuk; njhlh;ghf)

8. gs;spthry; rk;Nksdq;fis Vw;gLj;jp r%f If;fpaj;Jf;fhf topfhzy;.

9. r%fr; #oiy rPuikg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;. (rpWth;>

ngz;fs;> ,isQh;> Atjpfs;> njhopyw;Nwhh; njhlh;ghdit)

10.gpwr%fq;fSldhd cwit newpg;gLj;jy;.

Nghd;wtw;iw k];[pj;fspy; Vw;gLj;j Kaw;rpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

l gpw r%fj;jth;fSldhd cwTgpw r%fj;jth;fSldhd cwTgpw r%fj;jth;fSldhd cwTgpw r%fj;jth;fSldhd cwTgpw r%fj;jth;fSldhd cwT

l K];ypk; FbapUg;Gf;fis K];;ypk;fs; kl;Lk; thOk; FbapUg;Gf;fs;> K];ypk;

fs; ngUk;ghd;ikahf thOk; FbapUg;Gf;fs;> K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikahf

thOk; FbapUg;Gf;fs; vd %d;whf tFf;fyhk;. fpuhkpa kl;lj;jpYk; rup>

Njrpa kl;lj;jpYk; rup ,e;j epiy fhzg;glyhk;. ,tw;Ws; Kjyhk; epiy

jtph;e;j Vida ,U ep;iyfspYk; K];ypk;fs; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fSld;

njhlh;Gw;W thOk; epiy fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpf;fyhd ,t;thwhd epiyapy;

ehk; vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,];yhk; tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l egp (]y;) mth;fspd; EGt;tj;Jf;Fg; gpe;jpa kf;fh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy;

K];ypk;fs; rpWghd;ikahf tho;e;jhh;fs;. kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy;

K];ypk;fs; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf tho;e;jhh;fs;. ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fs; K];ypk;

my;yhjth;fSld; Ner cwit itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. rpW ghd;ikapduhf

tho;e;j NghJ vjpupfs; -Fwpg;ghf Fiw\pah;fshy; tpistpf;fg;gl;l

,d;dy;fis- cupik kPwy;fisr; rfpj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ngUk;ghd;ikapd

uhf tho;e;jNghJ rpWghd;ikapdupd; cupikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jhh;fs;. ,Nj

topKiwjhd; ]`hgh> jhgp<d; r%fq;fspYk; gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ.

l xU gd;ikj;Jt r%fj;jpy; thOfpd;w K];ypk;fs;> gpw r%fj;jth;fNshL

,zq;fp thoKbAnkd;gij my;Fh;MDk;> Rd;dhTk vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

'kdpjh;fspy; (mf;fpukk; nra;Ak;) rpyiu> rpyiuf; nfhz;L my;yh`;

jLf;fhjpUe;jhy; fpwpj;jth;fspd; Myaq;fSk;> mth;fSila klq;fSk;>

A+jh;fSila Myaq;fSk;> my;yh ;̀Tila jpUehkk; mjpfkhfj; Njhj;jpuk;

nra;ag;gLfpd;w k];[pj;fSk; mopf;fg;gl;Nl NghapUf;Fk;. (22:40) vd;W

my;Fh;Md; gd;ikj;Jt rkaj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wk; r%fj;jpy; thOk; epiy

gw;wpr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. gd;ikj;Jtr; r%fj;jpy; K];ypk;fs; tho;e;jpUf;fp

whh;fs;@ tho KbAk; vd;gij ,J vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l ~~ck;Kila ,iwtd; tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; G+kpapy; cs;s mdtUNk xd;Wgl;L

tpRthrpj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. (vdNt) kdpjh;fs; (ahtUk;) tpRthrpfshfptpl Ntz;Lk;

vd;W mth;fis ePh; eph;g;ge;jpf;f KbAkh?|| (10:99) vd;W egpath;fisg;

ghh;j;J tpdh vOg;GtJ kdpjh;fs; vy;NyhUNk K];ypk;fshf ,Uf;f

khl;lhh;fs;> K];ypk; my;yhjth;fSk; thoNt nra;thh;fs; vd;gij vLj;Jf;

fhl;Lfp;d;wJ.


l K];ypk; my;yhjth;fSk; kdpjh;fs;;@ my;yh`;tpd; gilg;Gfs; vd;w jhuhs

kdNjhL K];ypk;fs; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,];yhk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ve;jsTf;F vdpd; mth;fs; tzq;Fk; nja;tq;fisf; $l ,opthff; $wf;

$lhJ vd mr;RWj;Jfpd;wJ. ~~(tpRthrpfNs) my;yh`; my;yhjtw;iw

mth;fs; (Mz;lth;fnsd) miof;fpd;whh;fNsh mtw;;iw ePq;fs; jpl;lhjPh;fs;.

mjdhy; mth;fs; mwpahikapd; fhuzkhf tuk;G kPwp my;yh`;itj;

jp;l;Lthu;fs;.|| (6:108)

l (,];yhk;) khh;f;fj;jpy; eph;g;ge;jNk ,y;iy. (Vndd;why;) topNfl;by; ,Ue;J

(tpyfp) Neh;top(ailtJ vt;thnwd;W) njspthfp tpl;lJ (2:256) vd;gjhy;

K];ypk;fs; vtUk; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fis eph;g;ge;jpj;J ,];yhj;jpd;

gf;fk; miog;gjpy;iy. Mdhy;> ,];yhj;jpd; rpwg;ig mth;fs; kw;wth;fSf;F

vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;. rpyNghJ tpthjpf;f Ntz;ba eph;g;ge;j epiy Vw;gl;lhy;

vt;thW ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij my;Fh;Md; gpd;tUkhW Rl;bf;

fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

(tpRthrpfNs) ePq;fs; Ntjj;ijAilath;fsplk; (jh;f;fpf;f Neupl;lhy;) kpfTk;

mofpa Kiwapyd;wp (mth;fSld;) jh;f;fpf;f Ntz;lhk;. MapDk; mth;fspy;

vtNuDk; tuk;G kPwp tpl;lhy; (mjw;Fj; jf;fthW ePq;fs; gjpy; $WtJ

cq;fs; kPJ Fw;wkhfhJ. mth;fSld; jh;f;fpj;jhy; vq;fSf;fpwf;fg;gl;lijAk;

cq;f Sf;fpwf;fg;gl;l Ntjj;ijAk; ehq;fs; tpRthrpf;fpd;Nwhk;. vq;fs;

Mz;ltDk; cq;fs; Mz;ltDk; xUtNd. ehq;fs; mtDf;Fj;jhd; Kw;;wpYk;

topg;gl;L elf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W $WtPh;fshf.|| (29:46).

l K];ypk; my;yhjth;fs; gw;wp egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sij

mtjhdpAq;fs;. 'vth; K];ypk; my;yhj rpWghd;ikapdh; xUtiu ,k;rpf;fpd;

whNuh> ehd; mtupd; vjpupahNtd;. ehd; vtupd; vjpupahf ,Uf;fpd;NwNdh

kWikapy; mtUf;nfjpuhf thjpLgtdhf ,Ug;Ngd;." (jhupf; gf;jhj;) NkYk;

mePjpapiof;fg;gl;ltdpd; gpuhh;j;jidiag; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd;

fhgpuhf ,Ue;jhYk; rupNa. mjw;Fk; my;yh`;Tf;Fk; ,ilNa vj;jifa

jpiuAkpy;iy|| (K];dj; m`;kj;) vd;Wk; egpath;fs; vr;rupf;if

nra;jpUf;fpd;whh;fs;. ,J kjPdh tho;f;ifg; gFjpapy; $wg;gl;ljhy;jhd;

'K];ypk; my;yhj rpWghd;ikapdh;" vd;W gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

l K];ypk; my;yhjth;fNshL egp (]y;) mth;fs; vt;thW ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs;

vd;gij mtjhdpAq;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fSk; ]`hghf;fSk; A+jh;fSlDk;>

fpwp];jth;fSlDk; Fiw\pf; fhgph;fSlDk; tho;e;jhh;fs;. mth;fNshL

Ner cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;l

me;j kf;fNshL ey;y Kiwapy; ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. kw;wth;fisAk;

mt;thNw ey;y Kiwapy; elj;JkhW Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.

l egpath;fisr; re;jpg;gjw;fhf mgprPdpa fpwp];jt FOnthd;W kjPdh te;jJ.

mth;fis cgrupj;J tpUe;Njhk;gy; nra;jijg; ghh;j;J ]`hghf;fs; Mr;rupag;

gl;lhh;fs;. gpd;dh; mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; tpdtpdhh;fs;. ,th;fs; vd;Dila

Njhoh;fis kpf cah;e;j fz;zpaj;jpy; itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. vdJ Njhoh;fis

,th;fs; fz;zpag;gLj;jpaij tpl mjpfkhf ehd; fz;zpag;gLj;j

tpUk;GfpNwd; vd;whh;fs;. (EGt;tj; 5 Mk; 7 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; K];ypk;fs;

mgprPdpahTf;F `p[;uj; nrd;w epfo;T)


l e[;uhd; gpuNjr fpwp];jth;fs; kjPdh te;j NghJk; ,t;thNw ele;J

nfhz;lhh;fs;. mth;fis k];[pJe; egtpapy; jq;f itj;jNjhL mth;fSila

topghl;Lf;Fupa Neuk; te;jNghJ k];[pjpd; xU gFjpapy; n[gpg;gjw;Fk;

,lkspj;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; jkJ khh;f;fk; gw;wp thjpj;j NghJ mjw;Fr; nrtp

kLj;jhh;fs;. fz;zpakhd Kiwapy; mth;fSf;Fg; gjpiyAk; toq;fpdhh;fs;.

vfpg;jpa fpwp];jt Ml;rpahsh; Knfsf]; mDg;gp itj;j gupRg; nghUs;fis

kdKte;J Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;fs;. mg;gupRg;nghUs;fspy; cs;slq;fpa khupaJy;

fpg;jpahit jkJ ]{h;upa;aj;jhf itj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;fs;.

l e[;uhd; gpuNjr fpwp];jth;fNshL mth;fs; nra;J nfhz;l xg;ge;jk; K];ypk;

my;yhjth;fis elj;Jk; Kiwiaj; njspthf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 'e[;uhd;

thrpSk; mth;fisg; Nghd;NwhUk; my;yh`;tpd; ghJfhg;gpYk; mtdJ

egpAk; u]_Ykhfpa K`k;kj; (]y;) mth;fspd; nghWg;gpYk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.

mth;fspd; caph;> rkak;> epyk;> cilikfs;> cl;gl ,q;fpUg;gth;> ,y;yhjth;

mlq;fyhf mth;fspd; tzf;fj;jyq;fs;> topghLfs; midj;Jf;Fk;

,g;ghJfhg;Gk; nghWg;Gk; cz;L. ve;jnthU kjFUTk; my;yJ JwtpAk;

mtuJ epiyapy; ,Ue;J ePf;fg;glkhl;lhh;. mt;thNw ve;jnthU kjf;

flikia epiwNtw;WgtUk; mf;flikia epiwNtw;WtjpypUe;J

jLf;fg;glkhl;lhh;. rl;lG+h;tkhf mth;fspd; iffspYs;s rpwpa ngupa

midj;Jk; mth;fSf;Nf nrhe;jkhditahFk;. xUth; ,th;fsplkpUe;J

Xh; cupikiaf; Nfhupdhy; ,U jug;gpdUf;Fk; vj;jifa ghjpg;Gk; Vw;glhj

tz;zk; ePjpahd Kiwapy; jPh;j;J itf;fg;gLk;. xUtupd; Fw;wj;jpw;fhf

,d;ndhUth; jz;bf;fg;glkhl;lhh;. ,t;Tld;gbf;ifapd; gb elg;gjw;F

my;yh`;Tk; mtdJ J}jUk; flikg;gl;lth;fshth;. (jgfhj; ,g;D ]/J)

l ,t;thW cld;gbf;if nra;j egp(]y;) mth;fs; ~~vth; cld;gbf;if nra;J

nfhz;bUf;fpd;w (K];ypk; my;yhj) xUtUf;F mePjpapiof;fpd;whNuh my;yJ

mtuJ cupikiaf; Fiwf;fpd;whNuh my;yJ mtuJ rf;jpf;F Nky;

nghWg;Gf;fisr; Rkj;Jfpd;whNuh my;yJ mtupd; kdtpUg;gpd;wp mtuplkpUe;J

VNjDnkhd;iwg; ngWfpd;whNuh mtUf;nfjpuhf ehd; kWikapy; thjpLgtdhf

,Ug;Ngd;|| (mG+jhT+j;) vd vr;rupj;jhh;fs;.

l fyPgh ckh; (uop) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; igj;Jy; kf;j]; fpyhgj;jpd;

fl;Lg;ghl;by; te;jJ. fyPgh Neubahf te;J mjidg; nghWg;Ngw;FkhW

Nfl;fg;gl;lhh;. mth; mq;F nrd;wNghJ m]h; njhOiff;fhd Neuk; te;jJ.

Njthya gpujk FU njhOifia mq;NfNa epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;SkhW

mDkjp toq;fpdhh;. mjid kWj;j fyPgh ehd; ,q;F njhOjhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy;

fyPgh njhOj ,lk; vd;W $wp K];ypk;fs; cupik Nfhuyhk; vdf; $wp

tpl;L kw;Nwhh; ,lj;jpy; njhOJ nfhz;lhh;fs;.

l mg;NghJ Fj;]; kf;fNshL Xh; cld;gbf;if nra;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. 'mth;fsJ

Njthyaq;fspy; vtUk; FbapUf;fyhfhJ> mit mopf;fg;glf; $lhJ>

mtw;wpy; ve;jg; gFjpAk; cilf;fg;glyhfhJ> vd MSdUf;Fr; Rw;W

epUgk; mDg;gpdhh;fs;. fyPgh ckh; (uop) mth;fs; jkJ ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy;

gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shh;fs;. 'jpk;kpfshd gpw kjj;jth;fSld; ey;y Kiwapy;

ele;J nfhs;SkhWk;> mth;fSila cld;gbf;iffis epiwNtw;WkhWk;>

mth;fSf;fhfg; NghuhLkhWk;> mth;fspd; rf;jpf;F Nky; mth;fs; kPjhd

nghWg;Gf;fisr; Rkj;jhjpUf;FkhWk; vd;id mLj;JtUk; fyPghTf;F ehd;

cgNjrk; nra;fpNwd;. (fpjhGy; fuh[;). mth;fs; vkJ milf;fyj;jpy;


cs;sth;fs;. mth;fsJ caph; vkJ caph; Nghd;wJ> mth;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fs;

vkJ nrhj;Jf;fisg; Nghd;wit> (mit ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;) vd

fyPgh myp (uop) mth;fs; $wpapUf;fpd;whh;fs;.

l vfpg;jpa K];ypk;fspd; njhif ngUfpaNghJ> MSduhfg; gzpahw;wpa

mk;h; ,g;D M]; (uop) mth;fs;> xU ngz;zpd; tPl;il cilj;J gs;spthriy

tpupT gLj;jpdhh;fs;. MSdh; ,jw;fhf jd;Dila mDkjpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;s tpy;iy vd mg;ngz; fyPghtplk; KiwaPL nra;jhh;. fyPgh

MSdiu tprhupj;j NghJ> mg;ngz; msTf;fjpfkhf ,og;gPl;Lj;njhifia

vjph;ghh;j;jjhfTk; mtSf;Fupa ,og;gPl;Lj;njhif igj;Jy; khypy;

itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhfTk; gjpyspj;jhh;. gs;spthriy ,bj;J tpl;L Kd;gpUe;jJ

NghyNt tPl;ilf; fl;bf;nfhLf;FkhW fyPgh cj;jutpl;lhh;.

l K];ypk; Ml;rpf;Fl;gl;l K];ypk; my;yhj gpui[fspd; (jpk;kpfs;) cupikfis

cupathW toq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; egp (]y;) mth;fSk;> fyPghf;fSk;>

fz;bg;ghf ele;J nfhz;lhh;fs; vd;gij NkNy $wg;gl;lit ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

Ml;rpahsh; kl;Lkd;wp rhjhuz nghJ kf;fSk; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fNshL

Neh;ikahfTk; ePjpahfTk; ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpYk; ,];yhk;

fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> may;tPl;lhUf;F nrYj;j Ntz;ba

flikfis tpgupf;Fk; NghJ K];ypk;> K];ypk; my;yhjth; vd;w NtWghL

Nehf;fg;glf; $lhJ (4:36) vd tpjpj;Js;sijr; Rl;bf; fhl;lyhk;. ngw;Nwhh;fs;

K];ypk; my;yhjth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; mth;fSf;Fupa cupikfs; K];ypk;

gps;isfshy; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. (31:15) vd;gJTk; ,q;F Rl;bf;

fhl;lg;glyhk;.

l vkJ ehl;ilg; nghWj;jtiu ehk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba xOq;Ffs; rpy.

– vkJ ehl;by; thOfpd;w ,d> nkhop> rka NtWghLfisf; nfhz;l

vy;yh kf;fSk; Mjk; (miy) mth;fspd; re;jjpapdh; vd Nehf;Fjy;.

– mz;il mayth;fNshL RKfkhd cwTfis tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;>

mth;fspd; Rf Jf;fq;fspy; gq;Nfw;wy;> mth;fsJ jhh;kPf cupikfis

toq;Fjy;.

– jtWfis kd;dpj;J ngUkdJld; ele;J nfhs;sy;.

– mdh;j;jq;fspd; NghJ kdpj Neaj;Jld; cjTjy;> epthuz cjtpfis

toq;Ftjpy; gq;Nfw;wy;.

– nghJ tpohf;fs;> itgtq;fs;> Nghd;wtw;wpy; gu];guk; cjtpf; nfhs;sy;>

fye;J nfhs;sy;.

– gpuNjr> Njrpa eyd;fSf;fhf Kidg;Gld; xj;Jioj;jy;.

– ,d ey;ypzf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba xd;W$ly;fs;> fUj;Jg; gupkhwy;fs;>

fofq;fis xOq;fikj;jy;.

– mfPjh> ,ghjh> `yhy;> ùhk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; Ngzp thoy;.

l caph;fsplj;jpy; md;Gcaph;fsplj;jpy; md;Gcaph;fsplj;jpy; md;Gcaph;fsplj;jpy; md;Gcaph;fsplj;jpy; md;G

l xU K];ypk; r%f tho;tpy; gpw kdpjh;fSf;F epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba flik

fisAk; cupikfisAk; ,];yhk; njspTgLj;jpAs;sJ. mt;thNw jd;id

mz;b tho;fpd;w ,iwgilg;Gf;fNshL md;GlDk; fUizAlDk; ele;J

nfhs;Sk;gbAk; gzpf;fpd;wJ.


l capupdq;fNshL md;Gld; ele;J nfhs;tjd; mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jp fp.gp.

1824,y; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; [PtfhUz;a kd;wk; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J

kdpjhgpkhdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nraw;gLfpd;wJ. [PtuhrpfSld; md;ghf

ele;J nfhs;tjd; %yNkh mtw;wpd; cupikfis kPwp elg;gjd; %yNkh

Vw;gLk; ntFkjpfs; gw;wp ,k;kd;wk; vjidAk; Fwpg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy;

,];yhk; ,iwgilg;Gf;fNshL rpwe;j Kiwapy; elg;gij xU tzf;fkhff;

fUJfpd;wJ. mtw;wpd; cupikfis kPwp elg;gij ,iw jz;lidf;Fupa

Fw;wkhff; fUJfpwJ.

l ,iwgilg;Gf;fSld; md;ghf ele;J nfhs;tij <khid cWjpg;gLj;Jk;

xU gz;ghf ,];yhk; fUJfpwJ. 'my;yh ;̀ kpfTk; ,uf;f rpe;ijAilatd;

mtd; mjidNa rfy fUkj;jpYk; tpUk;Gfpd;whd;."

l ,jdhNyNa ,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd; md;iwa mNugpah; kj;jpapy;

fhzg;gl;l kpUfq;fisf; nfhiy nra;jy;> v[khd; ,we;jhy; mtuJ Gij

Fop kPJ mtuJ fhy;eiliar; rhFk; tiu fl;b itj;jy;> capUld;

cs;s kpUfj;jpd; ,iwr;rpia ntl;b vLj;Jr; rhg;gpLjy; Nghd;w jtwhd

vy;yh eilKiwfisAk; ,];yhk; jLj;jJ.

l xU Kiw ,g;D ckh; (uop) mth;fs; ghijapy rpyh; xU Nfhopiaf; fl;b

itj;J Fwpghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. ,g;D ckh;(uop) mth;fisf; fz;l

mth;fs; Xl Muk;gpj;jdh;. ',t;thW nra;jth; ahh;? ,t;thW nra;Nthh;

rgpf;fg;gl;lth;fs;" (G`hup) vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpAs;shh;fs; vd;W

nrhd;dhh;fs;.

'capUs;s kpUfq;fspd; ,iwr;rpia ntl;br; rhg;gpLtJ gpzj;ijr;

rhg;gpLtjw;Fr; rkkhdJ" (jph;kpjp) vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpAs;shh;fs;.

'vtd; xU gwitia tPzhff; nfhd;WtpLfpd;whNdh mJ kWikapy;>

~~ehaNd! ,td; vd;id tPzhff; nfhiy nra;jhd;|| vdf; $wp thjpLk;.

(e]h<) vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;.

l caph;g;gpuhzpfisj; Jd;gj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JtJ xU rhjhuz tplaky;y>

,iwtdpd; rhgj;ijj; Njbj;jUk;> kWikapy; ,iwtdplk; Fw;wthspahf

NeupLk; vd ,];yhk; vr;rupj;Jg; Nghjid nra;Js;sJ.

l kpUfq;fSld; md;ghf elg;gJ ,iw mUisAk; Rth;f;fj;ijAk; ngw;Wj;

jUfpd;wJ.

l xl;lif mjid tsh;g;gtDf;F fz;zpak; mspf;fpd;wJ. Ml;bNy my;yh ;̀tpd;

mUs; (gufj;) ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (G`hup) ~~Nrty; $Tk;NghJ jpl;lhjPh;> mJ

cq;fisj; njhOiff;fhf vOg;Gfpd;wJ.|| (e]h<)

l 'jhfpj;j ehnahd;wpw;F ePh;Gfl;ba xU kdpjdpd; ghtq;fs; midj;Jk;

kd;dpf;fg;gl;ld." (G`hup)

l capUs;s xt;nthd;wpd; kPJk; ,uf;fk; fhl;LtJ ed;ik ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;

fhuzkhfpwJ. (G`hup).

l capupdq;fNshL ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;ba tpjpKiwfs; gy cs;sd.


1. ,uf;fk; fhl;Ljy;1. ,uf;fk; fhl;Ljy;1. ,uf;fk; fhl;Ljy;1. ,uf;fk; fhl;Ljy;1. ,uf;fk; fhl;Ljy;

capupdq;fSld; gupNthL ele;Jnfhs;tij gy ̀ jP];fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

c-k;: eha;f;F ePh; Gfl;bajhy; ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gl;lik> topjtwpa

kpUfq;fs; jdJ njhl;bapy; ePh; gUf ,lk; toq;Ftjw;F ,iw $yp

cz;L.

l ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; v[khd; mw;w fl;lhf; fhyp eha;fsJ czTj;

Njitf;nfd tf;g; nrhj;jpy; ,Ue;J 'tf;Gy; fpyhg;" vd xU gFjp

xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

2. jPq;fpiof;fhjpUj;jy;2. jPq;fpiof;fhjpUj;jy;2. jPq;fpiof;fhjpUj;jy;2. jPq;fpiof;fhjpUj;jy;2. jPq;fpiof;fhjpUj;jy;

l capupdq;fSf;Fj; jPq;fpiog;gij ,];yhk; td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;wJ.

kpUfq;fis Ntjidg;gLj;JtJ ùhk; vd rl;lmwpQh;fs; $wpAs;sdh;.

c-k;: G+idiaj; Jd;gg;gLj;jpa ngz;; eufk; nrd;whs; vd G`hupapy;

te;Js;s `jP]; $Wfpd;wJ.

3. Fwpj;j capupdk; vjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j Ntiyia kl;Lk;3. Fwpj;j capupdk; vjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j Ntiyia kl;Lk;3. Fwpj;j capupdk; vjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j Ntiyia kl;Lk;3. Fwpj;j capupdk; vjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j Ntiyia kl;Lk;3. Fwpj;j capupdk; vjw;fhfg; gilf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j Ntiyia kl;Lk;

mjdplkpUe;J ngwy;mjdplkpUe;J ngwy;mjdplkpUe;J ngwy;mjdplkpUe;J ngwy;mjdplkpUe;J ngwy;

l egp (]y;) mth;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhh;fs;: xUtd; fhis khl;bd; kPJ

gpuahzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhd;. fhis Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gp 'ehd; ,jw;fhfg;

gilf;fg;gltpy;iy> tptrha Ntiyf;fhf kl;LNk gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;Nwd;.

(G`hup) vdf; $wpaJ.

'capupdq;fspd; KJif VWNkilahfg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;lhk;" vd;Wk; egp

(]y;) mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;.

l `];uj; ckh; ,g;D mg;Jy; m]P]; (u`;) jdJ Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; xU

fhis khl;by; my;yJ Fjpiu> xl;lifapy; Rkf;f KbAkhd ghuj;jpd;

msit tiuaWj;jhh;fs;. mjid tpl mjpfkhfr; Rkf;fr; nra;gth;fis

jz;bj;jhh;fs;.

4. Xa;tspj;jy;4. Xa;tspj;jy;4. Xa;tspj;jy;4. Xa;tspj;jy;4. Xa;tspj;jy;

l 'ePq;fs; gRk; Gy; epiwe;j ,lj;jpy; gazk; nra;jhy; mjpypUe;J xl;lfk;

gad;ngw top nra;Aq;fs;> fLk; twl;rpahd fhyj;jpy; gpuahzk; nra;jhy;

mJ rpukg;glhjthW ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. (K];ypk;)

5. rz;il %l;lf; $lhJ> Kfj;jpy; mbf;ff; $lhJ.5. rz;il %l;lf; $lhJ> Kfj;jpy; mbf;ff; $lhJ.5. rz;il %l;lf; $lhJ> Kfj;jpy; mbf;ff; $lhJ.5. rz;il %l;lf; $lhJ> Kfj;jpy; mbf;ff; $lhJ.5. rz;il %l;lf; $lhJ> Kfj;jpy; mbf;ff; $lhJ.

l kpUfq;fspd; Kfj;jpy; mbg;gijAk; milahskpLtijAk; egp (]y;) mth;fs;

rgpj;jhh;fs;. (mG+jhT+j;). kpUfq;fspilNa gu];guk; rz;ilapl itg;gijAk;

jLj;jhh;fs;. (mG+jhT+j;)

6. jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfs;6. jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfs;6. jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfs;6. jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfs;6. jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfs;

l kdpjDf;Fj; jPq;fpiof;Fk; gpuhzpfis nfhy;y ,];yhk; mDkjpj;Js;s

NghjpYk; 'epr;rakhf my;yh`; vy;yhr; nray;fspYk; ey;y Kiwapy;

ele;J nfhs;SkhNw tpjpj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. (K];ypk;)


7. mWitg; gpuhzpfs;7. mWitg; gpuhzpfs;7. mWitg; gpuhzpfs;7. mWitg; gpuhzpfs;7. mWitg; gpuhzpfs;

l jg;`pd; NghJ filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba xOq;F tpjpKiwfis ,];yhk;

njspthf Kd;itj;Js;sJ.

l vdNt kdpjd; jd; #Oypy; thOk; capupdq;fSld; xd;wp tho Ntz;Lk;.

,jdhNyNa my;Fh;MDk; mt;Tapupdq;fs; gw;wp mjpf fuprid nrYj;J

fpd;wJ. my;Fh;Mdpy; gfuh (gR)> md;Mk; (fhy;eilfs;)> me; e`;y;

(NjdP)> me;ek;Y (vWk;G)> my;md;fg+j; (rpye;jp)> my;gPy; (ahid) Nghd;w

jiyg;Gf;fspy; mj;jpahaq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lik ,jid czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

l capupdq;fs; njhlh;ghf Fh;Md; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ.

'kdpjh;fNs fhy;eilfisAk; mtNd gilj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. mtw;wpy;

cq;fSf;fhf (Fspiuj; jLf;Fk;) nghUs;fSk; gy gpuNahrdq;fSk;

,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iwg; Grpf;fpwPh;fs;. ePq;;fs; mtw;iw (Nka;j;J)

khiyapy; Xl;b tUk; nghOJk;> (Nka;r;rYf;F) fhiyapy; Xl;br; nry;Yk;

nghOJk; mit cq;fSf;F mofhapUf;fpd;wd. kpf;f f\;lj;Jldd;wp ePq;fs;

nry;y Kbahj Ch;fSf;F mit (cq;fisAk;) cq;fSila gSthd

RikfisAk; Rke;J nry;fpd;wd. epr;rakhf cq;fs; ,iwtd; (cq;fs;

kPJ) kpf;f ,uf;fKilNahDk;> fpUigAilNahDkhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;. Fjpiu

fs;> NfhNtW fOijfs; vd;gtw;iw Vwpr; nry;tjw;fhfTk; (cq;fSf;F)

myq;fhukhfTk; (mtd; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd;;). ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; mwpahjtw;iwAk;

mtd; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd;. (16: 5-8)

,t;trdj;jpy; ,Ue;J Gupe;Jnfhs;sf; $batw;iwg; gpd;tUkhW gl;bay;

gLj;jyhk;.

l gpuhzpfs; kdpjNdhL neUq;fp tho;git> vdNt mj;jifa kpUfq;fSf;F

cupa ghJfhg;Gk; Kf;fpaj;JtKk; mspg;gJ flikahFk;.

l gpuhzpfSf;Fk; Nfhgk;> Mir Kjypa Fzhjpraq;fs; cz;L.

l kdpjd; mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J jdJ nghUshjhuj;Njitfis epiwNtw;WtJ

kl;Lky;y ,uf;fk; gupT md;dpNahd;ak; Kjypatw;iwj; Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;

gz;Gfs; mitaplKs;sd. mit moFzh;itAk; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd.

l jhtuq;fs; kPJ md;Gjhtuq;fs; kPJ md;Gjhtuq;fs; kPJ md;Gjhtuq;fs; kPJ md;Gjhtuq;fs; kPJ md;G

l kdpjdJ #oypy; cs;s jhtuq;fs; Fwpj;Jk; ,];yhk; njspthd rpe;jidia

Kd;itj;Js;sJ. mit ,iw gilg;Gf;fs;. ,iwtDf;Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J

elf;fpd;wd. ,iwtDf;F Jjp nra;fpd;wd.

l jhtuq;fSk; capUs;s ,iwgilg;Gf;fshFk;. mtw;why; typia czu

KbAk; vd etPd mwptpay; $Wfpd;wJ. 'gilg;Gf;fs; my;yh`;tpd; FLk;;g

khFk;. mtDf;F kpf tpUg;gkhdth;fs; mtdJ FLk;gj;jpw;F kpfTk;

gadspg;gth;fNs." (G`hup) vdNt xU K];ypk; my;yh`;tpd; vy;yhg;

gilg;Gf;fs; kPJk; Nerk; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

l Nkfj;jpy; ,Ue;J kpf;f ghf;fpaKs;s kioia ehk; tUtpf;fr; nra;J>

mjidf; nfhz;L gy NrhiyfisAk; (tptrhapfs;) mWtil nra;Ak;

jhdpa kzpfisAk; Kisf;fr; nra;fpNwhk;. mLf;fLf;fhf (fdpfs;) epiwe;j

FiyfisAila> ePz;L tsUk; NguPj;jk; kuq;fisAk; (Kisg;gpf;fr;nra;J)

(mjid ehk;) mbahh;fSf;F Mfhukhf;fp> mijf;nfhz;L ,we;j G+kpia

ehk; caph;g;gpf;fpd;Nwhk;. ( 50:9-11)


l ePUk; mjd; %yk; caph;j;njOk; jhtuq;fSk; ,iwaUs; vdf; $WfpwJ.

mt;tUl;nfhilfis kdpjd; tPzhf;ff; $lhJ. mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;f

Ntz;Lk;. Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. mJ G+kpia tsg;gLj;Jk; gzpfspy; xd;whFk;.

l 'cq;fspy; xUtuJ ifapy; xU <j;jk; nrb ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; kWik

tug;NghfpwJ vd;wpUg;gpDk; mjid el;b tpLq;fs;. (jph;kpjp) vd egp (]y;)

mth;fs; Fwpg;gpl;ljhdJ jhtuq;fis eLtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vLj;Jf;

fhl;lg; Nghjpa rhd;whFk;. 'xU K];ypk; el;l kuj;jpy; ,Ue;Njh my;yJ

tptrhaj;jpy; ,Ue;Njh gwitfNsh kpUfq;fNsh rhg;gpl;L tpl;lhy; mij

ehl;batDf;F mJ ]jfhthFk;. (G`hup)

l jhtuq;fis mopg;gjd; %yk; Gtpapd; rkepiy rPh;Fiyfpd;wJ. kdpj

tho;it mJ ghjpf;fpd;wJ. moif ,y;yhnjhopf;fpd;wJ. Gtp c\;zk;

milaf; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. Njitf;fd;wp kuq;fis ntl;Ltij ,];yhk;

jLj;Js;sJ. mG+gf;h; (uop) mth;fs; jdJ gilapdUf;F $wpa ePz;l

cgNjrj;jpy; kuq;fis ntl;l Ntz;lhk;. mtw;iw vupf;fTk; Ntz;lhk;.

gok; jUk; kuq;fs; vjidAk; ntl;lTk; Ntz;lhk; vdf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;.

l ,khuh gpd; `{i]kh gpd; ]hgpj; (uop) $Wfpwhh;> ckh; (uop) mth;fs;

vdJ je;ijia Nehf;fp gpd;tUkhW $Wtij ehd; nrtpAw;Nwd;. 'ePh;

cdJ G+kpiag; gad;gLj;jpg; gapuplhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;d?

mjw;F vdJ je;ijNah 'ehd; xU taJ Kjph;e;j kdpjd;. ehis kuzpj;J

tplyhk;. vdg; gjpyspj;jhh;. mjw;F ckh; (uop) mth;fs; 'ePh; epr;akhfg;

gapupl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ehd; cWjpnfhz;Ls;Nsd;" vd;whh;fs;. gpd;dh;

ckh; (uop) mth;fSk; vdJ je;ijNahL Nrh;e;J jkJ ifahNyNa

gapupLtijf; fz;Nld;. ([hkpcy; fgPh;)

l epyk; KOikahfg; gad;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mtw;wpy; jhtuq;fs; ehl;lg;gl

Ntz;Lk;@ ntWkNd tplf;$lhJ vd;gjpy; ,];yhk; mf;fiw nrYj;Jfpd;wJ.

NkYk; r%f tho;tpy; kdpjd; jhtuq;fspd; kPJ md;G nrYj;jp mtw;iw

ehl;b tsh;j;njLg;gJ Xh; ,ghjhthFk; vd;w fUj;ij ,];yhk; Cd;wpr;

nrhy;fpwJ.

l kdpj cupikkdpj cupikkdpj cupikkdpj cupikkdpj cupik

l kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho Ntz;Lk;. mtd; my;yh ;̀tpd; gpujpepjpahfr; nraw;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F mtd; Rje;jpukhdtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtd; Rje;jpu

khdtdhf tho;tjw;F mtDf;Nf cupj;jhd cupikfs; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

kdpjd; gpwf;Fk; NghJ Rje;jpukhdtdhfNt gpwf;fpd;whd;. mtd; cupikfis

mDgtpf;Fk; NjitNahLk; jFjpNahLk; gpwf;fpwhd; vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;.

l cyf tuyhw;wpy; kdpj cupik gw;wpa rpe;jid fp.gp gjpd;%d;whk;

E}w;whz;bd; Muk;g fl;lj;jpNyNa Njhd;wpaJ vd;Wk; fp.gp. 1215Mk; Mz;bd;

kfh gl;lak; jhd; KjyhtJ Rje;jpug; gpufldk; vd;Wk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ.

,jd; tsh;r;rpf; fl;lkhf 1948 Mk; Mz;bd; I.eh. kdpj cupikg; gpufldk;

mike;jjhfTk; Ngrg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,jw;F MW E}w;whz;LfSf;F

Kd;Ng ,];yhk; kdpj cupik gw;wp KOikahfNt Ngrptpl;lJ vd;gij

tuyhW kiwj;J tUfpd;wJ.


l kdpjd; vq;fpUe;jhYk; vg;gbapUe;jhYk; kdpjd; vd;w tifapy; mtDf;F

toq;fg;gl;Ls;s cupikfis mDgtpf;f KbAnkd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd;

fUj;jhFk;. ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s cupikfs; kdpjd; vd;w me;j];Jf;fhf

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sdNt jtpu NtW ve;jj; jifikf;Fky;y. ,];yhj;jpy; kdpj

cupik my;yh`;tpdhy; toq;fg;gLtJ. mjid vtuhYk; gwpf;fNth

Fiwf;fNth KbahJ. mJ kdpjdhy; nfhLf;fg;glNth jpUg;gp vLf;fg;gl;Nth

KbahJ. mJ xt;nthUtiuAk; fl ;Lg ;gLj;JtJ@ epiyahdJ@

khwhj ;jd;ikAilaJ@ khw ;wj ;Jf ;F cl;glhjJ@ njhlh ;r ;r pahf

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtJ. ,tw;iw Nehf;Fk;NghJ ,];yk; toq;fpAs;s

kdpj cupikfs; nja;tPfj; jd;ik Ailait vd;gJk; kdpjdJ

nry;thf;Ff;F cl;glhjit vd;gJk; njsp thFk;. Vnddpy; muRfNsh

nghJ epWtdq;fNsh cupikfis toq;Fk; NghJ mtw;wpy; kdpjdpd;

tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fs; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd. mjdhy; jhd; rpyNghJ

my;yJ rpyUf;F toq;fg;gLk; cupikfs; rpyNghJ my;yJ rpyUf;F

kWf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j epiy ,];yhj;jpy; ,lk;ngw khl;lhJ. MSNthUk;

Msg;gLNthUk; ,we;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;NjhUk; vjph ; fhyj;jpy;

thog;NghNthUk; xNu tpjkhd cupikfis mDgtpg;gh;.

l ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s cupikfisg; gpd;tUkhW gl;baw;gLj;jyhk;.

tho;tjw;fhd cupiktho;tjw;fhd cupiktho;tjw;fhd cupiktho;tjw;fhd cupiktho;tjw;fhd cupik

l jupj;jpuj;Jf;fhf cq;fs; Foe;ijfisf; nfhy;yhjPh;fs;.... (nfhiy nra;af;

$lhnjd;W my;yh`; jLj;Js;s ve;j kdpjidAk; epahakpd;wp nfhiy

nra;ahjPh;fs;...6: 151)

l ,J \pu;f;Ff;F mLj;j kpfg; ngupa ghtkhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

capiug; ghJfhf;fpd;w cupik.capiug; ghJfhf;fpd;w cupik.capiug; ghJfhf;fpd;w cupik.capiug; ghJfhf;fpd;w cupik.capiug; ghJfhf;fpd;w cupik.

l vtndhUtd; kw;nwhUtid mepahakhff; nfhiy nra;fpd;whNdh mtd;

kdpjh;fs; ahtiuAk; nfhiy nra;jtd; Nghyhthd;. vtd; Xh; capiu-

Mj;khit tho itf;fpd;whNdh mtd; kdpjh;fs; ahtiuANk tho itj;jtd;

Nghyhthd;. (5:32)

l ,q;F nfhiyapy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gnjd;gJ mepahakhff; nfhiynra;ag;glg;

Nghfpd;w xUtiuf; fhg;gjhf kl;Lk; nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy. Neha;> fhak;>

gl;bdp> ePupy; Ko;Fjy; Nghd;w kuzj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J

fhg;ghw;WtijAk; njuptpf;fpd;wJ.

fw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupikfw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupikfw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupikfw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupikfw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; cupik

l (tpRthrpfNs) ePq;fs; tpgrhuj;jpw;F neUq;fTk; Ntz;lhk;. Vndd;why;

mJ khdf;NflhdjhfTk;> jPa topahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (17:32)

l egp (]y;) mth;fs; xt;nthUtUk; kw;wtupd; caph;> nghUs;> fw;G Mfpa

%d;iwAk; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij `[;[Jy; tpjh gpurq;fj;jpy;

typAWj;jpAs;shh;fs;.

mbg;gil tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikmbg;gil tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikmbg;gil tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikmbg;gil tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikmbg;gil tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik

l mth;fSila nghUs;fspy; (tha;jpwe;J) ahrfk; Nfl;NghUf;Fk; Nfl;fh

NjhUf;Fk; ghfKz;L. (ahtUf;Fk; jhdk; nra;thh;fs;) (51:19) kdpjdpd;

mbg;gilj;Njitfshd czT> cil> ciwAs;> kUj;Jtk;> fy;tp>

Kjypatw;iw xUtuplNkh gyuplNkh Nfl;Lg; ngWtjw;fhf cupik cz;L.


Mjutspf;f ahUk; ,y;yhj NghJ nghWg;G Ml;rpj; jiyikiar; rhUfpd;wJ.

jdp kdpj cupikjdp kdpj cupikjdp kdpj cupikjdp kdpj cupikjdp kdpj cupik

l ,jpy; KjyhtJ> kdpjd; mbikahftd;wp Rje;jpukhf thof;$ba

cupikahFk;. %d;W kdpjh;fSf;nfjpuhf ehd; kWikapy; thjpLNtd;.

mth;fSs; xUth; kdpjh;fis mbikg;gLj;jp mth;fis tpw;W me;jg;

gzj;jpy; rhg;gpLgth;. (G`hup) vd;W egp (]y;) mth;fs; $wpdhh;fs;.

,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhy fl;lj;jpYk; mjw;F Kd;dUk; gpd;dUk; mbik

Kiw ,Ue;Nj tUfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd mbik Kiwia ,];yhk; fLikahff;

fz;bf;fpd;wJ. mth;fis tpLjiy nra;AkhWk; mth;fsJ cupikfis

toq;FkhWk; fl;lis ,Lfpd;wJ.

ePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;wp jLg;Gf; fhtypypUe;J tpLjiy ngWfpd;wePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;wp jLg;Gf; fhtypypUe;J tpLjiy ngWfpd;wePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;wp jLg;Gf; fhtypypUe;J tpLjiy ngWfpd;wePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;wp jLg;Gf; fhtypypUe;J tpLjiy ngWfpd;wePjpkd;w tprhuizapd;wp jLg;Gf; fhtypypUe;J tpLjiy ngWfpd;w

cupik.cupik.cupik.cupik.cupik.

l egpath;fs; nrhw;nghopthw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ rigapy; ,Ue;j xUth;

~~jdJ mz;il tPl;lhd; vd;d fhuzj;Jf;fhf ifJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;shu;.||

vd Nfs;tp vOg;gpdhh;. egpath;fs; gjpyspf;fhky; njhlh;e;J ciuahw;wpf;

nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. mth; ,uz;lhk; KiwahfTk; vOe;J mNj Nfs;tpia

vOg;gpdhh;. egpath;fSk; ciuiaj; njhlh;e;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhh;fs;.

%d;whtJ KiwahfTk; ,Nj Nfs;tpia vOg;gpdhh;. egpath;fs; Nfs;tp

vOg;gpatupd; mz;il tPl;lhiu tpLjiy nra;AkhW ifJ nra;NjhUf;LF

cj;jutpl;lhh;fs;.

ahNuh nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUtiur; rpiwg;gpbg;gjpy; ,Ue;JahNuh nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUtiur; rpiwg;gpbg;gjpy; ,Ue;JahNuh nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUtiur; rpiwg;gpbg;gjpy; ,Ue;JahNuh nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUtiur; rpiwg;gpbg;gjpy; ,Ue;JahNuh nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf kw;nwhUtiur; rpiwg;gpbg;gjpy; ,Ue;J

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; cupikghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; cupikghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; cupikghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; cupikghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; cupik

l ike;jd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf je;ijia> ez;gd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf

ez;gid vd;wthW ifJ nra;tij ,];yhk; tpUk;gtpy;iy. Fw;wk;

nra;ahjth; jz;bf;fg;gLk; epiy ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; jdpkdpj

cupik ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid ~~xUtupd; Rikia kw;nwhUth;

Rkf;fkhl;lhh;.|| (6:164) vd;W my;Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

ePjp NfhUk; cupikePjp NfhUk; cupikePjp NfhUk; cupikePjp NfhUk; cupikePjp NfhUk; cupik

l tpRthrpfNs ePjj;ij epiy ehl;Ltjpy; my;yh ;̀Tf;fhf ePq;fs; cWjpahd

rhl;rpfshf ,Uq;fs;. kf;fspy; xU rhuhh; kPJs;s JNtrk; (mth;fSf;F)

mf;fpukk; nra;Ak;gb cq;fisj; J}z;lhjpUf;fTk; (vt;tsT FNuhjkpUe;j

NghjpYk;) ePq;fs; ePjpNa nrYj;Jq;fs;... (5:18)

rkj;Jt cupikrkj;Jt cupikrkj;Jt cupikrkj;Jt cupikrkj;Jt cupik

l ~~kdpjh;fNs epr;rakhf ehk; cq;fis Xh; Mz; xU ngz;zpypUe;Jjhd;

rpU\;bj;Njhk;. gpd;dh; xUth; kw;wtiu mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L

cq;fisf; fpisfshfTk; Nfhj;jpuq;fshfTk; Mf;fpNdhk;...|| (49: 13)

l ve;j mwgpAk; m[kpia tpl Nkyhdtuy;yu;. ve;j m[kpAk; mwgpia tpl

Nkyhdtuy;yh;. midtUk; Mjkpd; kf;fshth;. Mjk; kz;zhy;

gilf;fg;gl;lth;. (ig`fp)


Jiz Nghtjw;Fk; NghfhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd cupikJiz Nghtjw;Fk; NghfhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd cupikJiz Nghtjw;Fk; NghfhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd cupikJiz Nghtjw;Fk; NghfhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd cupikJiz Nghtjw;Fk; NghfhkypUg;gjw;Fkhd cupik

l ~~md;wp ed;ikf;Fk; (my;yh ;̀Tila) gagf;jpf;Fk; ePq;fs; xUtUf;nfhUth;

cjtpahf ,Uq;fs;. ghtj;jpw;Fk; mf;fpukj;jpw;Fk; ePq;fs; xUtUf;nfhUth;

cjtpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;lhk;. my;yh ;̀Tf;Nf ePq;fs; gag;gLq;fs;. Vndd;why;

epr;rakhf my;yh`; jz;bg;gjpy; fLikahdtd;.|| (5:2)

capUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWk; cupikcapUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWk; cupikcapUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWk; cupikcapUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWk; cupikcapUf;Fk; cilikf;Fk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngWk; cupik

l ~~vtNuDk; ahnjhU tpRthrpia (mtd; tpRthrp vd;W ed;fwpe;jpUf;Fk;

epiyapy;) Ntz;Lnkd;Nw nfhiy nra;jhy; mtDf;Fupa jz;lid eufk;

jhd;. mtd; mjpy; vd;nwd;Wk; jq;fptpLthd;. my;yh`; mtd;kPJ

Nfhgq;nfhz;L mtidr; rgpj;Jk; tpLthd;. md;wp kfj;jhd NtjidiaAk;

mtDf;Fr; rpj;jg;gLj;jp itj;jpUf;fpwhd;.|| (4:93) ,we;jth;fis caph;g;gpf;Fk;

ehspy; cq;fs; ,iwtidr; re;jpf;Fk; tiu cq;fs; caph;fisAk;

cilikfisAk; xUtUf;nfhUth; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ

vd egp (]y;) mth;fs; jkJ ̀ [;[Jy; tpjh gpurq;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;.

kdpj nfsutj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikkdpj nfsutj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikkdpj nfsutj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikkdpj nfsutj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikkdpj nfsutj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupik

l ~~tpRthrpfNs ve;j Mz;fSk; kw;nwe;j Mz;fisAk; gupfhrk; nra;a

Ntz;lhk; mth;fs; (gupfhrk; nra;Ak;) ,th;fis tpl Nkyhdth;fshf

,Uf;fyhk;. (mt;thNw) ve;jg; ngz;fSk; kw;w ve;jg; ngz;fisAk; (gupfhrk;

nra;a Ntz;lhk;) mth;fs; (gupfhrk; nra;Ak;) ,th;fis tpl Nkyhdth;fshf

,Uf;fyhk;. cq;fspy; xUth; kw;wtiu ,opthff; $w Ntz;lhk;. cq;fspy;

xUth; kw;wtUf;F (jPa) gl;lg;ngah; #l;l Ntz;lhk;. tpRthrk; nfhz;ljd;

gpd;dh; nfl;l ngah; #l;LtJ kpfg; ngUk; ghtkhFk;. vth;fs; (,itfspy;

,Ue;J tpyfpf;nfhs;stpy;iyNah mth;fNs mf;fpukf;fhuh;fshth;.|| (49:11)

jdpg;gl;l tho;tpy; fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikjdpg;gl;l tho;tpy; fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikjdpg;gl;l tho;tpy; fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikjdpg;gl;l tho;tpy; fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikjdpg;gl;l tho;tpy; fz;zpaj;ijg; ghJfhf;Fk; cupik

l ~~tpRthrpfNs re;Njfq;fspy; ,Ue;J mNdfkhf ePq;fs; tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;

Vnddpy; rpy tplaq;fspy; re;Njfpg;gJ ghtkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. (vtUila

Fw;wj;ijAk;) ePq;fs; JUtpj; JUtp tprhupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;lhk;.

(49:12)

l ~~tpRthrpfNs cq;fSilajy;yhj tPLfspy; ePq;fs; (Eioaf; fUjpdhy;)

mjpypUg;gth;fSf;F ]yhk; $wp (mth;fSila mDkjpiag; ngwhjtiu)

EioahjPh;fs;. ,t;thW ele;J nfhs;tJ cq;fSf;Nf kpf;f ey;yJ. (,jid

kwe;JtplhJ) ePq;fs; ftdj;jpy; itg;gPh;fshf.|| (24:27)

l xU kdpjd; jdJ nrhe;j tPl;bw; $l jpBnud;Nwh ,ufrpakhfNth Eioaf;

$lhnjd egp (]y;) mth;fs; jil nra;Js;shh;fs;. kw;w kdpjh;fspd;

tPl;il cw;Wg; ghh;g;gJ jilnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

nfhLq;Nfhd;ikf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLk; cupiknfhLq;Nfhd;ikf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLk; cupiknfhLq;Nfhd;ikf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLk; cupiknfhLq;Nfhd;ikf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLk; cupiknfhLq;Nfhd;ikf;nfjpuhfg; NghuhLk; cupik

l mf;fpukj;Jf;F cs;shdth;fs; jtpu (kw;nwtUk; ahtiug; gw;wpAk;

gfpuq;fkhfj;) jPa thh;j;ijfisf; $wpf; $r;rypLtij my;yh ;̀ tpUk;GtNj

,y;iy. (4:148)


fUj;J ntspg;ghl;LupikfUj;J ntspg;ghl;LupikfUj;J ntspg;ghl;LupikfUj;J ntspg;ghl;LupikfUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lupik

l tpRthrk; nfhz;l Mz;fSk; tpRthrk; nfhz;l ngz;fSk; (jq;fSf;Fs;)

xUtUf;nfhUth; cw;w Jizth;fshapUf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; (xUth; kw;wtiu)

ed;ik nra;AkhW J}z;bAk; ghtk; nra;ahJ jLj;Jk; tUth;. (9:71)

l ,th;fSf;F ehk; G+kpapy; Ml;rpajpfhuk; toq;fpdhy; ey;yijr; nra;a

VTthh;fs;. jPaijtpl;Lk; jLg;ghh;fs;. (22:41)

l cq;fspy; ahuhtJ jPikiaf; fhz Neh;e;jhy; mijj; jdJ fuj;jhy;

jLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Kbahtpl;lhy; ehtpdhy; jLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjw;Fk; Kbahj

epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; jkJ kdj;jhNyDk; fbe;J nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. ,J <khdpd; gytPdkhd gbj;jukhFk; (K];ypk;)

$l;lk; $Lk; cupik$l;lk; $Lk; cupik$l;lk; $Lk; cupik$l;lk; $Lk; cupik$l;lk; $Lk; cupik

l (tpRthrpfNs) cq;fspy; xU $l;lj;jhh; Njhd;wp mth;fs; (kdpjh;fis)

ed;ikapd; ghy; mioj;J ey;yij Vtp jPa nray;fspy; ,Ue;J (mth;fis)

tpyf;fpf; nfhz;Lk; ,Uf;fTk;. ,j;jifNahh; jhk; ntw;wp ngw;wth;fs;

(3:104)

topghl;Lupiktopghl;Lupiktopghl;Lupiktopghl;Lupiktopghl;Lupik

l (,];yhk;) khh;f;fj;jpy; eph;g;ge;jNkapy;iy. topNfl;by; ,Ue;J Neh;top

njspthfp tpl;lJ.(2:256)

l Ntjq;nfhLf;fg;gl;l kf;fNshL gz;gl;l mofpa Kiwapyd;wp thjpf;fhjPh;fs;.

(26: 46)

l my;yh`; my;yhj vtw;iw mth;fs; miof;fpd;whh;fNsh mtw;iw ePq;fs;

jpl;lhjPh;fs; (6:104)

murpay; tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; cupikmurpay; tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; cupikmurpay; tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; cupikmurpay; tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; cupikmurpay; tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; cupik

l mth;fSila xt;nthU fhupaj;ijAk; jq;fSf;Fs; fye;jhNyhrpg;ghh;fs;.

cq;fspy; vtNuDk; nka;ahfNt tpRthrk; nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs; nra;jhy;

mth;fSf;F Kd;dh; nrd;wth;fis (G+kpf;F) mjpgjpfshf;fpa gpufhuNk

,th;fisAk; epr;rakhf G+kpf;F mjpgjpfshf;fp itg;gjhfTk; mtd; tpUk;gpa

khh;f;fj;jpy; ,th;fis ];jpug;gLj;jp itg;gjhfTk; ,th;fSila gaj;ij

mikjpAk; ghJfhg;Gkhf khw;wptpLtjhfTk; epr;rakhf my;yh`;

thf;fspj;jpUf;fpwhd; (24:55)

l NkNy Fwpj;j midj;J cupikfSk; Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk;

nghJthdit. ,];yhk; mwpKfkhd fhy fl;lj;jpy; Mz;fs; cupikNahL

tho;e;jhh;fs;. tpjptpyf;fhf rpy gFjpapdh; cupikfis ,oe;jpUe;jdh;.

typNahh; vspNahiu eRf;fp cupikfis kWf;Fk; epiy ,Ue;jJ. ngz;fisg;

nghWj;jtiu ngUk;ghYk; cupik kWf;fg;gl;lth;fshfNt tho;e;jdh;.

tpjptpyf;fhf rpyh; rpy cupikfisg; ngw;wpUe;jdh;. ngz;fSf;F thOk;

cupik ,Uf;ftpy;iy. fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lupik> nrhj;Jupik> fy;tp ngWk;

cupik> kzTupik Nghd;wd kWf;fg;gl;Nl te;jd. kWf;fg;gl;l vy;yh

cupikfisAk; ,];yhk; toq;fpaJ. Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fkhd

rkTupik vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; Vida r%fq;fis tpl tpj;jpahrkhdJ.

Mz; ngz; ,UghyhupdJk; ,ay;G> nraw;ghL Nghd;wtw;iwg; nghWj;J

rpy tplaq;fspy; Mz;fSf;Fk;> NtW rpy tp;laq;fspy; ngz;fSf;Fk;


Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. jiyikg; nghWg;igg; nghWj;jtiu

Mz;fSf;Fk; gps;is tsh;g;igg; nghWj;jtiu ngz;fSf;Fk; Kd;Dupik

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sij cjhuzkhf vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;.


gb gb gb gb gb I ,];yhj;jpy; r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;;> rKf mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;;

r%fj;jpd; Nfe;jpu ];jhdk; vd;w tifapy; k];[pj; gw;wp khztu;fSf;F

tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis ehd;F FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J FOTf;F xd;whfg; gpd;tUk;

jiyg;Gf;fis toq;fp mit Fwpj;J jfty; jpul;l topg;gLj;Jq;fs;

– ,];yhj;jpy; r%f tho;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> r%f ePjp> $l;Lg; nghWg;G>

jiyikj;Jtk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lk;

– ,d;iwa k];[pJfspd; epiyfSk; mtw;iwg; Gduikg;gjw;fhd

MNyhridfSk;

– ,dq;fSf;fpilNa MNuhf;fpakhd cwTfisf; fl;bnaOg;g

,];yhk; toq;Fk; Nghjidfs;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FOTk; jhk; jpul;batw;iw rku;g;gpf;fr; re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;

gb gb gb gb gb IV fUj;Jg;gupkhw;wj;jpd; rhuhk;rj;ij vOjpf;nfhs;s mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.


• my; f];]hyp Kfk;kj;> (2004)> ,];yhkpa xOf;f khz;Gfs;> nrd;id>

,yf;fpar; Nrhiy ntspaPL.

• `Kjh my;mj;jp> (1985)> ,];yhk; cq;fs; ghu;itf;F> Fitj;> I.I.F.S.O

• K];jgh ]pgh<> (1999) ,];yhkpa ehfupfk;> nrd;id> ,yf;fpar; Nrhiy.

• ehspu; vk;.vr;.vk;> (1983)> ,];yhkpa ehfupfj;jpd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rpAk ;>nfhOk;G> m\;\ghg; gjpg;gfk;.

• mkPd; ]P.vk;.V> (1994)> rKfg; Gduikg;gpy; k];[pj;fspd; gq;F> jp`hupa>

Nu\;kh gjpg;gfk;.

• nksJ}jp nksyhdh> (2001) ,];yhj;jpy; kdpj cupikfs;> nrd;id> ,];yhkpa

epWtdk; l;u];l;.

• mytp M]pk;> (2005)> jiyikj;Jtk; Xu; ,];yhkpa mZfy;> nrd;id>

nky;ypdk; ntspaPL.

• Kfk;fj; FJg;> (1978)> IaKk; njspTk;> nfhOk;G> ,];yhkpf; gg;spNf\d;

nrd;lu;.

• K];jgh kzit> (1996)> ,];yhKk; rka ey;ypdf;fKk;> nrd;id> nrsjh

gg;spNf\d;.

• mf;uk; Kfk;kj;> (2003)> eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk;> g];ahy> K]y;khd;

gjpg;gfk;.

• Rf;up vk;.V.vk;> (1995)> ,];yhKk; kdpj cupikfSk;> NgUty> esPkpa;ah,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.





Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 9.29.29.29.29.2 ::::: njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ,];yhkpa tpjpKiwfisg;

gpd;gw;Wthu;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fis mwpe;J

$Wthu;.

l nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis

Ak;> xOq;F tpjpfisAk; tpsf;Fthu;.

l njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; tpahghuk;> tptrhak;> ifj;

njhopy;> Nritj; njhopy; njhlu;ghd rl;ljpl;lq;fisAk;

xOq;FfisAk; Mjhuq;fSld; Kd;itg;ghu;.

l r%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy;-thq;fy;

mk;rq;fis tpsq;fp Vidatu;fSld; fUj;Jg; gupkhwpf;

nfhs;thu;.

l ,];yhk; jLj;Js;s nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspypUe;J

jtpu;e;;J elg;ghu;.

l ,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fisAk;

rl;l xOq;FfisAk; tpsq;fp vLj;Jf; $Wthu;.


l ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu topKiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu topKiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu topKiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu topKiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu topKiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fs;

l kdpjdJ NjitfisAk;> mtw;iw epiwNtw;wg; gad;gLk; ,aw;ifapd;

mUl;nfhilfisAk; ,tw;Wf;fpilapyhd kdpj elj;ijfs; gw;wpAk; Muha;fpd;w

Xu; mwptpaypy;> kdpjdJ mbg;gilj; Njitfshff; fUjg;gLtJ czT>

cil> tho;tplk;> tUkhdk; vd;gdthFk;. ,tw;iw epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfNt

Kjyhspj;Jtk;> rkTlik Nghd;w nghUshjhu Kiwikfs; Njhd;wpd.

FiwghLfisf; nfhz;l ,g;nghUshjhu Kiwikfs; ehSf;F ehs; nghUshjhu

uPjpapyhd gpur;rpidfisNa Njhw;Wtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. tho;f;ifapd;

Vida tplaq;fis xJf;fptpl;L nghUshjhu RgPl;rj;ij khj;jpuk; ,yf;fhf;

nfhz;L ,it nraw;gLtjhy; kdpj tho;tpd; Vida mk;rq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;L

tUtijf; fhz;fpNwhk;.

l ,];yhk; Md;kPf tpUj;jpAld; $ba nghUshjhu RgPl;rj;ijNa jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ.

vdpDk;> ,t;tpU tif mgptpUj;jpapYk; cyfk; KOikahf ntw;wpaila

Ntz;Lkhapd; ,];yhj;jpd; gy;NtW $WfSk; rk fhyj;jpy; KOikahf

eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. khwhf mjd; xU gFjpia kl;Lk; eilKiwg;

gLj;jp kWgFjpiaf; iftpLtjd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w KOikahd

mgptpUj;jpiaf; fhz Kbahkw; NghFk;.


l ,];yhkpa nghUshjhu mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;,];yhkpa nghUshjhu mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;,];yhkpa nghUshjhu mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;,];yhkpa nghUshjhu mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;,];yhkpa nghUshjhu mikg;gpd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

1. my;yh`;tplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l nja;tPfj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ.

eilKiwapYs;s nghUshjhu Kiwfs; kdpj rpe;jidfspdhy; cUthf;fg;

gl;litfshFk;. vdNt mtw;wpy; kdpj gytPdq;fs; epiwe;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

Mdhy;> ,];yhkpag; nghUspay; Nfhl;ghL> t`papd; topfhl;lypy; fl;b

naOg;gg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mjpy; nja;tPfj; jd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy;

mJ g+uzj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfTk; nghUj;jg;ghLilajhfTk; cs;sJ.

2. rkfhyj;jpy; nefpohj; jd;ikAk; nefpOk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;L ,aq;Ffpd;w

nghUshjhu Kiw

,jd; nja;tPfj; jd;ik nfhz;l gFjp nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhfTk;

,[;jp`hJf;F my;yJ Ma;Tf ;Fupa gFjpfs; nefpOk; jd;ik

nfhz;litahfTk; cs;sd. ,jdhy; ,g;nghUshjhu Kiw vy;yhf; fhyj;jpw;Fk;

nghUj;jkhdjhf mikfpwJ.

l nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUshjhu tpjpfs;nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUshjhu tpjpfs;nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUshjhu tpjpfs;nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUshjhu tpjpfs;nefpohj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUshjhu tpjpfs;

– ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpYs;s tsq;fs; midj;Jk; my;yh`;Tf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit.

my;yh`; tpjpj;j rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;fikaNt kdpjd; mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;j

KbAk;. ~~NkYk; thdq;fspYk; g+kpapYk; cs;sit midj;Jk; my;yh`;

Tf;Fupait.|| (53:31)

– kdpju;fsJ mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;a ,t;tsq;fisg; gad;

gLj;Jtjw;F cj;juthjk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xt;nthU jdpkdpjdJk;

mbg;gilg; nghUshjhuj; Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;Ak; nghWg;ig ,g;nghUsh

jhu Kiw Vw;Ws;sJ. ~~mtu;fspd; nry;tq;fspy; Nfl;NghUf;Fk; Nfl;fh

NjhUf;Fk; Fwpj;jNjhu; cupik cz;L|| (70:24-25) egp (]y;) mtu;fs;>

~~trjpaw;Nwhiug; nghWg;Ngw;gJ vdJ flik@ mj;jifNahu; vd;dplk; tul;Lk;||

(`hfpk;) vd;W $wpAs;shu;fs;.

– ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiw nry;tr; Row;rpf;F toptFf;fpd;wJ. vdNt

xU rpyuplk; nry;tk; Njq;fp rkepiyaw;w epiy Njhd;Wtij ,J jLj;J

tpLfpd;wJ. ~~nry;tk; cq;fspYs;s gzf;fhuu;fSf;fpilapy; khj;jpuk; Rw;wpf;

nfhz;bUf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf...|| (59:;7) vDk; Fu;Md; trdk; ,t;tpjpia

cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

– ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiwapy; jdpkdpj nrhj;Jupik cj;juthjkspf;fg;

gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ nrhj;Jf;fis itj;Jf;nfhs;sTk; nrytpLtjw;Fkhd

cupik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ~~Mz;fs; rk;ghjpj;jit mtu;fSf;FupajhFk;.

ngz;fs; rk;ghjpj;jit mtu;fSf;FupajhFk;.|| (4:32) vDk; Fu;Md; trdk;

,t;tpjpia cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

– ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhuf; Nfhl;ghl;by;> nghUshjhu Rje;jpuk; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;

gl;bUf;Fk;. tho;thjhuq;fisj; NjLk;NghJ Fu;MDk;> ]{d;dhTk; tpjpj;j

rl;ljpl;lq;fis kPw KbahJ. mJ mDkjpf;fg;gl;l nghUsPl;ly; Kiw>

jLf;fg;gl;l nghUsPl;ly; Kiw vd ,uz;L gpupTfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

~~cq;fspd; nrhj;Jf;fis cq;fSf;fpilapy; epahakw;w Kiwapy;

tpOq;fhjPu;fs;.|| (2:188) vdf; Fu;Md; tpjpaikj;Js;sJ.


– nrytpdq;fis xOq;FgLj;jp tPz; tpuaj;ij jLf;fpd;wJ. Mlk;guq;fs;

jtpu;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ~~msT fle;J tPz;tpuak; nra;ahjpUg;gPuhf. epr;rakhf

tPz;tpuak; nra;Nthu; i\j;jhDila rNfhjuu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdu;|| (17:26)

vDk; Fu;Md; trdk; ,t;tpjpiaj; jUfpd;wJ.

– Nkw;gb tpjpfs; midj;Jk; fhy khw;wq;fshNyh> gpuNjr NtWghLfspdhNyh

khw;wkiltjpy;iy. vq;Fk; vg;nghOJk; ,it epiyahdjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;.

fUj;J NtWghLfsw;w nja;tPfj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhfNt mit ,Uf;Fk;.

l nefpOk; jd;ik nfhz;l my;yJ Ma;Tf;Fupa tpjpfs;nefpOk; jd;ik nfhz;l my;yJ Ma;Tf;Fupa tpjpfs;nefpOk; jd;ik nfhz;l my;yJ Ma;Tf;Fupa tpjpfs;nefpOk; jd;ik nfhz;l my;yJ Ma;Tf;Fupa tpjpfs;nefpOk; jd;ik nfhz;l my;yJ Ma;Tf;Fupa tpjpfs;

– nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy; mur jiyaPl;bd; msitj; jPu;khdpf;Fk;

eltbf;if.

– r%f ePjpia epiyehl;Ltjw;fhd toptiffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

– rkfhy nghUshjhu epiyikfSf;F Vw;g nghUshjhuj; jpl;lq;fisj;

jPl;b mKy;gLj;jy;.

– nghUshjhuj; Jiwfisg; nghJTlik jdpAlikahf khw;WtJ njhlu;ghf

tiuaiwfisf; nfhz;LtUjy;.

– Ntjdq;fs; njhlu;ghd jPu;khdq;fis vLj;jy;.

– tl;bAld; njhlu;ghd nraw;ghLfisj; njspTgLj;jy;.

khwh tpjp> khWk; tpjpf;fikaNt ,];yhkpa nghUshjhu tl;lk; Roy;tjhy;

mJ rpwe;j nghUshjhu Kiwahf epiyj;J epw;fpd;wJ.

3. ,aw;iff;Fk; kdpj ,ay;Gf;Fk; Vw;w nghUshjhu Kiw.

,aw;ifr; rl;lq;fis Kwpg;gjw;Nfh> kdpj ,ay;Gld; ,uz;lwf; fye;J

tho;f;iff; Nfhl;ghLfis rpijg;gjw;Nfh ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiw

,lkspg;gjpy;iy. cjhuzkhf tpgr;rhuj;ij xU nghUsPl;Lk; Kiwahff;

nfhs;tij ,];yhk; jLf;fpd;wJ. mJ ,aw;if epajpia Kwpf;fpd;wJ. kJ

cw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk;> ghtid Kjypatw;iw ,];yhk; jLf;fpd;wJ. mJ

kdpj ,ay;ig khw;Wfpd;wJ. ~~ePq;fs; tpgr;rhuj;ij neUq;fhjPu;fs;. epr;rakhf

mJ khdf;NflhdjhFk;. NkYk; (NtW NfLfspd; gf;fk; ,Oj;Jr; nry;Yk;.)

jPa topahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.|| (17:32) (5:90-91) Nghij juf; $ba vy;yhk;

kJthFk;. vy;yh kJ tiffSk; ùhkhdjhFk;. (K];ypk;)

4. ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiw xOf;fj;jpw;Fk;> gz;ghl;bw;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

nfhLf;Fk; nghUshjhu KiwahFk;. ve;j tifiar; rhu;e;j cw;gj;jpahf

,Ue;jhYk; tpepNahfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; Efu;thf ,Ue;jhYk; mJ xOf;fj;ij

gz;ghl;ilj; jfu;f;Fkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,];yhk; mjid mq;fPfupg;gjpy;iy.

cjhuzkhf> MilAw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk;> Efu;T> tptfhuq;fspy; ,];yhkpa

tpjpKiwfis kPWgit> jpiug;glj; jahupg;G> ntspaPL> ghu;itaply; ,];yhkpa

xOf;fk;> ghz;ghl;Lf;F Kuz;gLkhdhy; ,];yhk; mjid mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.

5. r%f eyDf;Fk; jdpkdpj eyDf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,dq;fhZk; nghUshjhu

Kiw> eilKiwapYs;s nghUshjhu Kiwfspy; Kjyhspj;Jtk;> jdpkdpj

eyid kl;Lk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L nraw;gLfpd;wJ. rkTlikg; nghUshjhu

Kiw> r%f eyid kl;Lk; ftdj;jpw; nfhs;fpd;wJ. Mdhy;> ,];yhkpag;

nghUshjhu Kiwapy; kdpjdJ jdpj;Jtj;ij Kiwahf tpUj;jp nra;J

nfhs;sTk; r%f eyidg; NgzTk; Nghjidfs; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.


xd;Wf;fhf kw;nwhd;iw ,oe;J tpLtjw;F ,];yhk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. xd;W

kw;nwhd;wpy; rhu;e;J epd;W Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;Ak; toptiffisNa

mJ Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

6. ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiw Md;kPfj; Njit> nysfPfj; Njit vd;gtw;iw

ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L nghUshjhu eilKiwfisr; nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. kdpjd;

cly;> Md;kh> mwpT vd;gtw;iwf; nfhz;ltdhf ,Ug;gjdhy; ntWkNd

,yhgj;ij fUj;jpw; nfhz;Nlh clypay; Njitfis khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;Nlh nghUshjhu jpl;lq;fis mKy;gLj;jtpy;iy. Md;kPfj; NjitfisAk;

nysfPfj; NjitfisAk; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L nghUshjhuj; jpl;lq;fis

mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; kdpj tpOkpaq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

7. ,g;nghUshjhu Kiw nja;tPfj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Ug;gjdhy; mJ mUs;>

mgptpUj;jp epiwe;jjhfTs;sJ. tuyhw;wpy; mJ rPuhf mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l fhyg;

gFjpfspy; mjd; nghypitf; fhz Kbe;jJ. ,g;nghUshjhu Kiw

iftplg;gl;Ls;sjhy; ,d;iwa nghUshjhuk; kdpj tho;f;ifapy; gpur;rpidfisf;

nfhz;L te;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;.

8. ,];yhkpa nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; ,ghjj;jhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ.

,g;nghUshjhu Kiw my;yh`; tpjpj;j rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;fikaNt

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjhy; mJ ,ghjj;jhfNt mikfpd;wJ.

l nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;nghUsPl;lYf;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

l nghUsPl;lYf;F my;yJ cioj;J tho;tjw;F ,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s

Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fs;.

- kdpjd; my;yh ;̀tpd; gpujpepjpahf ,Ug;gjdhy; mtd; tho;tjw;Fj; Njitahd

trjpfis my;yh`; ,g;gpugQ;rj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jp itj;Js;shd;. tho;f;iff;F

mj;jpahtrpakhdtw;iw ,yFthfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba tifapYk; NtW

rpy trjpfis Njbg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; tifapYk; itj;Js;shd;. ,t;thW

kdpjd; jdf;Fupa tho;thjhuq;fisj; Njbg; ngWk; Kaw;rp nghUsPl;ly;

my;yJ ciog;G vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

~~mtd;jhd; cq;fSf;Fg; g+kpia tpupg;ghf Mf;fp itj;jhd;. vdNt> mjd;

gy Nfhzq;fSf;Fk; nrd;W mtd; cq;fSf;F mspj;jpUg;gitfisg;

Grpg;gPu;fshf.|| (67:15)

~~([{KM) njhOif Kbe;jJk; g+kpapy; gue;J nrd;W my;yh`;tpd; mUisj;

Njbg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.|| (62:10)

,t;tpuz;L my;Fu;md; trdq;fSk; cioj;J tho;tijj; J}z;bf;

nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

~~jdJ ifahy; cioj;J cz;gij tpl NtW ve;jr; rpwe;j czitAk;

vtUk; cz;Ztjpy;iy. my;yh ;̀tpd; J}ju; jht+j; (miy) mtu;fs; jd;

ifapdhy; cioj;Nj rhg;gpl;lhu;fs;.|| (G`hup) ,t;thW egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

ciog;igj; J}z;Lk; tifapy; mjpfkhd Nghjidfis Kd;itj;Js;sijf;

fz;L nfhs;syhk;. ahrfk; Nfl;L te;j xUtiu ciog;gpy; <LgLj;jpaikAk;>

tptrhap xUtupd; fuL Kulhd fuq;fis Kj;jkpl;likAk; ,jw;F rpwe;j

cjhuzq;fshFk;. MfNt jk; nghWg;gpy; cs;stu;fSf;fhf xU kdpjd;

ciog;gJ my;yJ nghUsPl;LtJ gu;shd fhupakhFk;. K`k;kj; (]y;)


mtu;fs; cl;gl ,iwJ}ju;fs; midtUk; cioj;Nj tho;e;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;

vd;gij tuyhW ep&gpf;fpd;wJ.

~~cq;fspy; vtUk; ciof;fhky; tUkhdj;ijj; Njbr; nry;yhky; ,Uf;ff;

$lhJ. ~~my;yh`;Nt vdf;F cztsp| vdg; gpuhu;j;jid nra;jhy; kl;Lk;

NghjhJ. thdk; jq;fj;ijNah nts;spiaNah (ciof;fhky;) nghoptjpy;iy||

vd cku; (uop) mtu;fs; k];[pjpy; ciof;fhky; Klq;fpf; fple;jtu;fSf;F

cgNjrpj;jhu;fs;.

l nghUsPl;lNyhL njhlu;Gila ,];yhkpa xOq;Ffs;

nghUsPl;lYf;fhf tpahghuk;> tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;> Nritj; njhopy; Nghd;w

tw;wpy; <Lgl;lhYk; ,];yhk; tpjpj;Js;s xOq;F Kiwfisf; filg;gpbg;gJ

fl;lhakhdjhFk;. nghUsPl;lypd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; `yhyhdjhf

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

~~(`yhyhd) ey;y nghUs;fspypUe;J cz;Zq;fs;> ew;fpupiafs; GupAq;fs;.||

(23:51)

~~tpRthrpfNs! ehk; cq;fSf;F mspj;jtw;wpy; gupRj;jkhdtw;iwNa GrpAq;fs;.||

(2:172)

~~ùhj;ij cl;nfhz;L tsu;e;j ve;j clk;Gk; Rtdk; EioahJ. ùhj;ij

cz;L tsu;e;j clyidj;Jk; euFf;Nf jFjpahdit.|| (jpu;kpjp)

MfNt ciog;G ùhkhdjhf mike;jhy; ntw;wpngw KbahJ vd;gJ

cWjpahfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhk; nghUsPl;lYf;F itj;Js;s ,yf;Ffs;,];yhk; nghUsPl;lYf;F itj;Js;s ,yf;Ffs;,];yhk; nghUsPl;lYf;F itj;Js;s ,yf;Ffs;,];yhk; nghUsPl;lYf;F itj;Js;s ,yf;Ffs;,];yhk; nghUsPl;lYf;F itj;Js;s ,yf;Ffs;

eilKiw cyfpy;> jdpkdpju;fSk; epWtd mjpfhupfSk; ,yhgkiltij

khj;jpuk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Nl ciog;gpy; <LgLfpd;whu;fs;. Mdhy;> ,];yhk;

gpd;tUk; Nehf;fq;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Nl nghUsPl;l Ntz;Lk; vdf;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

1. rd;khu;f;f tuk;Gfisg; Ngzp ciog;gpd; %yk; ̀ yhiyj; Njbf; nfhs;sy;.

2. jdJ nghWg;gpy; cs;stu;fisg; guhkupj;jy;.

3. ahrfk; Nfl;gjpypUe;J jtpu;e;J nfhs;sy;.

4. jhd; nra;Ak; ciog;gpd; %yk; mjd; gyidg; ngWgtu;fSf;F fUizNahL

cjTjy;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fq;fSf;fhf ciog;gtu;fs; kWikapy; my;yh`;it

mr;rkpd;wpr; re;jpf;f KbAk;. ciog;ghspfsJ Cjpaq;fs; epahakhd Kiwapy;

toq;fg;gLtJk; mtrpakhFk;.

l njhopy; rhu; eltbf;iffspy; tpahghuk;

l ,];yhk; mDkjpj;j nfhLf;fy;-thq;fy;fspy; tpahghuKk; (my; ga;c) xd;whFk;.

~~nfhLg;NghDk;> nfhs;NthDk; tpahghupAk; Efu;thsDk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l

Kiwapy; rk;kjj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; gpujpaPl;ilg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L Xu;

cilikia xUtu; kw;nwhUtUf;F ifaspg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; eltbf;ifNa

tpahghuk; vdg;gLfpwJ.

~~my;yh`; tpahghuj;ij MFkhf;fp> tl;biaj; jilnra;Js;shd;|| (2:275)


ciog;gpy; rpwe;jJ vJntd egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; tpdtg;gl;lNghJ ~~ciog;gpy;

rpwe;jJ ifj;njhopYk; Neu;ikahd tpahghuKk; MFk;|| (m`;kj;) vdg;

gjpyspj;jhu;fs;.

Nkw;gb Fu;Md;> ]{d;dh Nghjidfs; ,];yhk; tpahghuj;ij mDkjpj;Js;sJ

vd;gij cWjp nra;fpd;wd.

l tpahghuj;Jf;fhd rfy toptiffisAk; my;yh`; Vw;gLj;jp itj;Js;shd;.

g+kpapd; vy;yhg; ghfq;fspYk; gy;NtW tifahd nghUl;fis my;yh`;

ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. mtw;iw jiu khu;f;fkhfTk; fly; khu;f;fkhfTk; Mfha

khu;f;fkhfTk; nfhz;L nry;tjw;fhd trjpfis kdpjd; ngw;wpUf;fpwhd;.

mtw;iwg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.

,tw;iwnay;yhk; Neu;ikahfg; gad;gLj;jp tpahghuj;jpy; <LgLgtDf;Nf

ed;kjpg;Gk;> cau;Tk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

~~ehzaKk; tha;ikAKila tpahghup kWikapy; egpkhu;fs;> ]pj;jPfPd;fs;

(cz;ikahsu;fs;) \{`jhf;fSld; ,Ug;ghu;|| (,g;D kh[h)

l ,];yhj;jpy; tpahghuk; ,ghjj;jhff; fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; mjw;nfdr;

rl;ljpl;lq;fs; tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

l tpahghu tpjpKiwfspy; mJ epiwNtWtjw;Fupa epge;jidfs; Kf;fpakhdit.

~~K];ypk;fNs> xg;ge;jq;fis epiwNtw;Wq;fs;. (5:1)

~~K];ypk;fs; mtu;fsJ \u;j;Jf;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Ff; flikg;ghLila

tu;fs;.|| (m ;̀kj;)

tpahghu epge;jidfisg; gpd;gw;WtJ K];ypk; tpahghupfs; kPJ flik

ahfpd;wJ.

1. thq;FNthUk; tpw;NghUk; rpj;j RthjPdk; mw;wtuhfNth Nghijapy;

,Ug;gtuhfNth> ke;j Gj;jpAilatuhfNth> tpgukwpahj rpWtu;fshfNth

,Uj;jy; $lhJ.

2. tpahghug; nghUs;:

tpahghug; nghUl;fs; Rj;jkhditahfTk;> gaDs;sitahfTk; ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. mjw;F khw;wkhf e[P]hditahfNth jLf;fg;gl;litahfNth

gadw;wit ahfNth ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. cjhuzkhf nrj;j gpuhzpfs;> gd;wpapd;

khkprk;> Kiwahf mWf;fg;glhjit> tpf;fpufq;fs;> ,irf; fUtpfs;> fPo;j;;jukhd

czu;Tfis ntspf; nfhzuf; $ba ,irj;jl;Lf;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs;> tPbNah

ehlhf;fs;> ,Wtl;Lf;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; Nghijg; nghUl;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk;

tpw;gid nra;tij ,];yhk; jLg;gijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,it Mj;kPf> r%f>

nghUshjhu> Rfhjhu> xOf;f uPjpapyhd ghjfq;fis Vw;gLj;jf; $badthf

cs;sd.

~~jhdhfNt nrj;jJk;> ,uj;jKk; gd;wpapd; khkprKk;> my;yh`; my;yhj

ngau; nrhy;yg;gl;lJk; Mfpaitfisj;jhd; cq;fs; kPJ ̀ uhkhf;fpapUf;fpwhd;.||

(2:173)

~~epr;rakhf my;yh`thYk; mtDila J}juhYk; kJghdk;> nrj;j gpuhzpfs;>

gd;wp> tpf;fpufq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; tpw;gid jilnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ.|| (Gfhup)


l tpahghug; nghUs;> tpw;gtUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhfTk;> thq;FgtUf;F xg;gilf;f

KbAkhdjhfTk; ifapUg;gpYs;sjhAk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,d;ndhUtUf;Nfh>

muRf;Nfh nrhe;jkhd nghUl;fis tpw;f KbahJ. mNjNghd;W flypy; cs;s

kPd;> Mfhaj;jpy; gwf;Fk; gwitfs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~nrhe;jkw;wtw;wpy; tpahghukpy;iy.||

l nghUSk;> tpiyAk; Fwpg;ghf mwpag;glhjit tpw;gid nra;tjw;Fj; jLf;fg;

gl;Ls;sd. vdpDk;> fz;Zf;Fg; Gyg;glhj nghUl;fspd; gz;Gfs; mwpag;

gl;bUg;gpd; tpw;gid nra;ayhk;. c-k;: jfu kPd;> nfhs;fy vupthA

3. <[hg; fg+y;

xU tpahghup jd;trKs;s Fwpj;j nghUis tpw;W tpl;ljhff; $Wk; $w;W

<[hg; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpj;j nghUis jhd; thq;fpf; nfhz;ljhff; $Wk;

Efu;thsdpd; $w;W fg+y; vdg;gLfpwJ. <[hGk; fg+Yk; njspthd Kiwapy;

ntspg;gLj;jg;gLtJk;> ,uz;Lf;FkpilNa fhy jhkjNkw;glhkypUg;gJk;

fl;lhakhdjhFk;. ,khk; ettp (u`;) mtu;fspd; $w;Wg;gb eilKiwapy;

r%fk; <[hg;> fg+y; vdf; fUJk; $w;Wf;fs; rpwpa tpahghu eltbf;iffspy;

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Mdhy;> ghupa tpahghuq;fspy; <[hg;> fg+y; ,d;wp tpahghuk;

nry;YgbahfhJ vd ,khk; f];]hyp (u ;̀) mtu;fs; fUj;Jj; njuptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.

l tpahghuf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspy; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;s mk;rq;fs;

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;jy;.ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;jy;.ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;jy;.ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;jy;.ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;jy;.

tpahghuj;jpy; ngha;r; rj;jpak; nra;tjd; %yk; xd;iw cWjpg;gLj;Jk;NghJ

ùhkhd epiy NkYk; fLikahdjhf khwptpLfpd;wJ. vdNtjhd; egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; nghJthf rj;jpak; nra;a Ntz;lhnkdTk; Fwpg;ghf ngha;r; rj;jpak;

nra;a Ntz;lhnkd;Wk; jLj;Js;shu;fs;.

~~rj;jpak; nra;tJ tpw;gidia mjpfupf;Fk;. Mdhy;> mUisg; Nghf;fptpLk;.||

(G`hup)

tpahghu nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;fspy; mbf;fb rj;jpak; nra;tij egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; fz;bj;jhu;fs;. Vnddpy;> ,J kdpju;fis Vkhw;Wtjw;fhfr;

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. my;yh ;̀tpd; jpUehkj;jpw;Fupa nfsutj;ij cs;sj;jpypUe;J

Nghf;fptpLfpwJ.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . msit epWitapy; Nkhrb nra;jy;:msit epWitapy; Nkhrb nra;jy;:msit epWitapy; Nkhrb nra;jy;:msit epWitapy; Nkhrb nra;jy;:msit epWitapy; Nkhrb nra;jy;:

mse;J my;yJ epWj;J thq;Fk;NghJ msitf; $l;b thq;FtijAk;> mse;J

my;yJ epWj;J nfhLf;Fk;NghJ msitf; Fiwj;J tpLtijAk; msit

epYit Nkhrb ~jj;gPg;| vd miog;gu;. ,jid my;Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk;

td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;wd.

~~msit (rupahd msTnfhz;L) g+uzkhf msTq;fs;. vilia ePjkhf

epWq;fs;. ahNjhu; Mj;khitAk; mjd; rf;jpf;F Nky; ehk; epu;g;ge;jpg;gNjapy;iy||

(6:152)

~~ePq;fs; mse;jhy; g+uzkhf msTq;fs;. (epWj;jhy;) rupahd viliaf; nfhz;L

epWq;fs;. ,J (cq;fSf;F) kpf;f ed;W. kpf;f mofhd gyidAk; jUk;. (17:35)

,J gw;wp egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shu;fs;.


~~tpw;Fk; NghJk; thq;Fk;NghJk; jd; cupikiaf; NfhUk;NghJk; jhuhsj;

jd;ikAld; ele;J nfhs;Sk; kdpjDf;F my;yh`; mUs;ghypg;ghdhf|| vdg;

gpuhu;j;jpj;Js;shu;fs;. (G`hup> jpu;kpjp)

msit epWitapy; kpf ePjpahf ele;Jnfhs;tJ mwpTf;F mg;ghw;gl;ljhf

,Ue;jhYk; xU K];ypk; jdf;F KbAkhd msT ,t;tplaj;jpy; ePjpNahL

ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vdNtjhd; my;Fu;Md; ~~ahNjhu; Mj;khitAk; mjd;

rf;jpf;F Nky; epu;g;ge;jpg;gjpy;iy|| vdf; $Wfpd;wJ. xU K];ypk; jdf;F xU

msT NfhiyAk;> jhd; tpUk;Ggtu;fSf;F kw;nwhU msTNfhiyAk;

Vidatu;fSf;F ,d;ndhU msTNfhiyAk; itj;Jf; nfhs;tJ

Neu;ikahdjy;y. xt;nthU kdpjuJ nrhj;jpYk; ePjpahfTk; Neu;ikahfTk;

ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mLj;j kdpju;fsJ nrhj;ij mepahakhf vLf;Fk;

kdpju;fs; kpfTk; gaq;fukhdtu;fshtu;.

4 .4 .4 .4 .4 . gJf;fy; - my;-,`;jpfhu;gJf;fy; - my;-,`;jpfhu;gJf;fy; - my;-,`;jpfhu;gJf;fy; - my;-,`;jpfhu;gJf;fy; - my;-,`;jpfhu;

nghUl;fisr; re;ijf;F tuhky; jLj;J my;yJ kiwj;J> mjd; %yk; Nfs;tpia

Vw;gLj;jp tpiyNaw;wj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; xU je;jpukhd tpahghu NkhrbNa

gJf;fyhFk;. ,];yhk; jdpegu; Nghl;bf;Fk;> re;ijapd; ,aw;ifahd Nghl;bf;Fk;

Rje;jpuk; mspj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. vdpDk;> Nguhirapdhy; ce;jg;gl;L gpwiuj;

Jd;gj;jpw;Fk; f\;lj;jpw;Fk; cl;gLj;jp nry;tk; jpul;LNthiu ,];yhk;

td;ikahff; fz;bf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy;jhd; gJf;fiyf; fz;bj;J egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; gpd;tUk; Nghjidfis Kd;itj;Js;shu;fs;.

~~tpiy cau;it ehb ehw;gJ ehl;fs; jhdpaj;ij gJf;fpf; nfhs;gtid

my;yh ;̀ cjwpj; js;sptpLthd;.|| (m ;̀kj;)

~~tpiyNaWk; tiu nghUl;fisj; jLj;Jf; nfhs;gtd; ghtpNa|| (K];ypk;)

~~tpw;gtd; ,yhgk; ngWthd;. gJf;fpatd; rgpf;fg;gLthd;.|| (,g;Dkh[h)

,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fs; Nkw;gb `jP];fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

gJf;fy; ,uz;L epiyikfspy; jilnra;ag;gLtjhff; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;.

m) ehl;L kf;fSf;Fg; gJf;fy; jPq;fpiog;gjhf ,Uf;Fk; epiy

M) tpahghup jdJ ,yhgj;ij mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; jhdhfNt

nraw;ifahf tpiyiaf; $l;b tpw;fpd;w epiy.

5 .5 .5 .5 .5 . fyg;glk; nra;jYk; Vkhw;WjYk;fyg;glk; nra;jYk; Vkhw;WjYk;fyg;glk; nra;jYk; Vkhw;WjYk;fyg;glk; nra;jYk; Vkhw;WjYk;fyg;glk; nra;jYk; Vkhw;WjYk;

tpw;gjpYk; thq;FtjpYk; kdpju;fNshL njhlu;Gila vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk;

NkhrbiaAk; Vkhw;WjiyAk; ,];yhk; jilnra;Js;sJ. xU K];ypk; vy;yhr;

re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; cz;ikNahLk; Neu;ikNahLk; ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mw;g

,yhgj;jpw;fhf mtw;iw ,oe;Jtplf; $lhJ. ,J gw;wp egp (]y;) mtu;fs;

gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shu;fs;.

~~xU nghUisg; gw;wp (vy;yhtw;iwAk;) njspthff; $whky; ve;j xU nghUisAk;

tpw;gid nra;tJ MFkhdjy;y. (mg;nghUspd; Fiwfisg; gw;wp) njupe;j

xUtu; mtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplhky; tpLtJk; MFkhdjy;y. (`hfpk;> ig`fp)

xU Kiw egp (]y;) mtu;fs; re;ijf;Fr; nrd;W xU tpahghupapd; jhdpaf;

FtpaypDs; jdJ ifia Eioj;Jg; ghu;j;jNghJ mJ <ukhf ,Uf;ff;

fz;lhu;fs;. ,J Vd; vd tpahghupaplk; Nfl;lNghJ kiof;F eide;J tpl;lJ

vdf; $wpdhd;. mg;NghJ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mtidg; ghu;j;J ~~kdpju;fs;

ghu;f;ff; $ba tifapy; mjid Nky; gFjpapy; itj;jpUf;ff; $lhjh? vdf;

$wp tpl;L vk;ik Vkhw;Wgtu; vk;ikr; rhu;e;jtuy;yu;|| (K];ypk;) vd;W

vr;rupj;jhu;fs;.


6 .6 .6 .6 .6 . jpUlg;gl;l my;yJ nfhs;isaplg;gl;l nghUl;fis tpiy nfhLj;JjpUlg;gl;l my;yJ nfhs;isaplg;gl;l nghUl;fis tpiy nfhLj;JjpUlg;gl;l my;yJ nfhs;isaplg;gl;l nghUl;fis tpiy nfhLj;JjpUlg;gl;l my;yJ nfhs;isaplg;gl;l nghUl;fis tpiy nfhLj;JjpUlg;gl;l my;yJ nfhs;isaplg;gl;l nghUl;fis tpiy nfhLj;J

thq;Fjy;.thq;Fjy;.thq;Fjy;.thq;Fjy;.thq;Fjy;.

Fw;wq;fisf; fistJ K];ypk;fspd; flikahFk;. Fw;wthspfisr; nraypof;fr;

nra;tjw;F jpUlg;gl;l> nfhs;isaplg;gl;l> Neu;ikaPdkhfg; ngwg;gl;l

nghUl;fshfj; njupe;j vjidAk; tpiynfhLj;J thq;Ftjw;F ,];yhk;

mDkjpf;ftpy;iy. mt;thW thq;FtJ mePjpf;F cle;ijahdjhFk;.

~~jpUlg;gl;lJ vd;W njupe;jpUe;Jk; jpUl;Lg; nghUis thq;Fgtd; ghtj;ijAk;

jpULtjdhy; Vw;gLk; mtkhdj;ijAk; gfpu;e;J nfhs;fpwhd;.|| (ig`fp)

jpUlg;gl;l my;yJ rl;l tpNuhjkhff; ifahlg;gl;l xU nghUs; rl;l mq;fPfhuk;

ngwkhl;lhJ. (mjw;F cupikahdtDf;Fupa cupik ePq;fp tpLtJkpy;iy.)

fhyk; fle;jjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ùhk; `yhyhf khl;lhJ.

7 .7 .7 .7 .7 . gs;spthrypy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgly;gs;spthrypy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgly;gs;spthrypy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgly;gs;spthrypy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgly;gs;spthrypy; tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgly;

gs;spthrypy; tpahghuk; nra;tij rpy mwpQu;fs; mDkjpj;jhYk; mJ

tpUk;gj;jf;fjy;y vd;gNj nghUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.

~~ePq;fs; gs;spthrypy; tpw;gtiuNah> thq;FgtiuNah fz;lhy; my;yh`;

cdJ tpahghuj;ij ,yhgkhdjhf mikf;fhjpUf;fl;Lk; vd mtDf;Ff;

$Wq;fs;|| (jpu;kpjp) vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpAs;shu;fs;.

,khk; m`;kj; (u`;) Nghd;Nwhu; [{KMtpw;fhf miog;G tpLf;fg;gl;ljd;

gpd;du; tpahghuk; nra;tJ ùhkhdjhFk; vdf; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shu;fs;.

8 .8 .8 .8 .8 . tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL - mj;j];<u;tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL - mj;j];<u;tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL - mj;j];<u;tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL - mj;j];<u;tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL - mj;j];<u;

thq;FNthd;> tpw;Nghd; Mfpa ,U jug;gpduJk; eyidf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L

nghUl;fSf;F xU Fwpj;j tpiyia epu;zapg;gNj (eilKiwapy;)

tpiyf;fl;Lg;ghL vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

xU re;ju;g;gj;jpy; rpyu; ~my;yh`;tpd; J}jNu! gz;lq;fspd; tpiy mjpfupj;J

tpl;lJ. vdNt tpiyiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jq;fs;|| vd;W Nfl;ldu;. mjw;F egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; ~~tpiy epu;zapg;gtDk;> tho;f;if trjpfis RUf;FgtDk;>

jhuhskhff; nfhLg;gtDk; tho;f;iff;F ,d;wpaikahjtw;iw toq;FgtDk;

my;yh`;Nt. nghUspNyh> capupNyh ehd; mePjp ,ioj;J> mjd; %yk;

ahUk; vd;idf; Fw;wk; gpbf;fhj epiyapy; my;yh ;̀itr; re;jpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;Nwd;||

(m`;kj;) vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;.

muR tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;il Vw;gLj;JtJ $lhJ vd;gij ,e;j `jP];

typAWj;Jtjhf ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;. mJ mePjpahfTk;

nghUshjhu Rje;jpuj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;JtjhfTk; mikfpd;wJ. Efu;thsuJ eyd;

Ngzg;gLtJ Nghy; tpahghupapd; eyDk; Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk;. tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL

tpahghupapd; nfLgpbfSf;F Efu;thsid cl;gLj;jyhk;.

tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpapy;iyahapDk; KOr; re;ijAk;

ghjpg;gilAk; tpjj;jpy; tpahghupfs; epahakw;w Kiwapy; mjpf mstpy;

tpiyia epu;zapf;f Kw;gl;lhy; muR jiyapLtJ mtrpakhFk;. Mjyhy;

gJf;fiyj; jLf;fTk;> mePjpia xopf;fTk; tpiyf; fl;Lg;ghL nra;a Ntz;Lnkd

,khk; khypf; Nghd;w mwpQu;fs; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shu;fs;.


l tl;b - mu;upghtl;b - mu;upghtl;b - mu;upghtl;b - mu;upghtl;b - mu;upgh

l tpahghuj;jpy; jtpu;f;f Ntz;ba mLj;j gpujhd mk;rkhf ,Ug;gJ tl;bahFk;.

tl;b rpwpa mstpy; mike;jhYk;> ngupa mstpy; ,Ue;jhYk; ̀ uhkhdjhFk;.

my;Fu;Md; tl;biag; gw;wp fPo;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

~~tpRthrpfNs ePq;fs; (cz;ik) tpRthrpfshf ,Ue;jhy; my;yh`;Tf;Fg;

gae;J tl;bapy; (,Jtiu thq;fpaJ Nghf) kPjkpUg;gij (thq;fhJ)

tpl;LtpLq;fs;. ,t;thW ePq;fs; ele;Jnfhs;shtpl;lhy; my;yh`;TlDk;

mtDila J}jUlDk; Aj;jk; nra;ar; rpj;jkhfptpLq;fs;. MapDk;> ePq;fs;

(tl;b thq;fpaikf;fhf kdk; tUe;jp) kPz;Ltpl;lhy; cq;fs; nry;tj;jpd;

mbg;gilj; njhif cq;fSf;FupaJ. ePq;fs; mepahak; nra;ahjPu;fs;. (mt;thNw)

ePq;fs; mepahak; ,iof;fg;glTk; $lhJ.|| (2:278-279)

~~xu; Cupy; tl;bAk;> tpgr;rhuKk; gutp tpl;lhy; mt;t+uhu; my;yh`;tpd;

jz;lidiaj; jhNk jq;fs; kPJ ,wf;fpf; nfhz;Nlhuhtu;|| vd;W egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; gfu;e;Js;shu;fs;. (my;-`hfpk;)

~~my;yh`; tl;b cz;gtidAk; mjid cz;zf; nfhLg;gtidAk; mjw;Fr;

rhl;rpahf ,Ug;NghiuAk; mjid vOJgtidAk; rgpj;Js;shd;|| vd;Wk; egp

(]y;) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;. (mg+jht+j;)

,];yhj;jpy; khj;jpukd;wp Kd;ida Ntjq;fshd a+j> fpwp];jt Ntjq;fspYk;

tl;b jilnra;ag;gl;Nl ,Ue;jJ.

l tl;bapy; ,U tifahd mikg;Gfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mitahtd:

1. upgh - me;e]PM

2. upgh - my; go;y;

upgh - me;e]PM vd;gJ> fld; nfhLj;jtu; fld; ngw;wtuplkpUe;J fhy

jhkjj;jpw;fhd gpujpaPlhfg; ngwf;$ba jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;l Nkyjpfj; njhifiaf;

Fwpf;Fk;.

upgh - my; go;y; vd;gJ> Fiwe;j gzj;ij $ba gzj;jpw;Fk; Fiwe;j

czit $ba cztpw;Fk; ifkhw;wpf; nfhs;tjidf; Fwpf;Fk;.

KjyhtJ tifiag; Nghd;Nw ,uz;lhtJ tif tl;bAk; ̀ uhkhFk;. ,JTk;

cz;ikahd tl;bf;F ,l;Lr; nry;tjhf mikAk; vd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;

tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jidg; gw;wp egpatu;fs; gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;fs;: ~~xU jq;f ehzaj;ij

,uz;L jq;f ehzaj;jpw;Fk;> xU nts;sp ehzaj;ij ,uz;L nts;sp

ehzaj;jpw;Fk; tpw;fhjPu;fs;. Vnddpy; ehd; tl;biaapl;Lg; gag;gLfpNwd;.||

(Ktj;jh khypf;)

MW nghUl;fspy; ,Ue;J ,t;tif tl;biag; ngWtJ tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sij

`jP];fspy; ,Ue;J mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. mitahtd: jq;fk;> nts;sp> NfhJik>

thw;NfhJik> <j;jk;gok;> cg;G MfpadthFk;.

~~jq;fj;jpw;Fj; jq;fKk;> nts;spf;F nts;spAk;> cg;Gf;F cg;Gkhf rkmstpy;

clDf;Fld; ifkhw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. khwhf msitf; $l;bdhy; my;yJ

$l;LkhW Ntz;bdhy; ngw;wtUk;> nfhLj;jtUk; Mfpa ,UtUk; tl;b

eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;ltuhthu;.|| (G`hup)


`jP];fspy; Fwpg;ghf ,e;j MW nghUl;fs; khj;jpuk; $wg;gl;Ls;sikf;fhd

fhuzk; ahnjdpy;> ,it kdpj tho;f;ifapy; mbg;gilj; Njitfshf

mike;jpUj;jNyahFk;. jq;fKk; nts;spAk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; ClfkhfTk;

tpiyfSf;fhd msTNfhy;fshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Vida ehd;Fk; gpujhd

czTg; nghUl;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpy; tl;b ,lk;ngWtJ kf;fisg;

ngupJk; ghjpf;ff; $bajha; mikAk;. vdNt kf;fspd; eyidf; fUj;jpw;

nfhz;Nl Fwpg;ghf ,tw;wpy; Nkyjpfkhfg; ngWtJ tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jq;fk;> nts;sp my;yhj tpiyiaj; jPu;khdpf;ff; $baitAk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.

(c-k;: gzk;)

NkYk; Fwpj;j epiyapy; cs;s Fwpg;gplg;glhj czTg; nghUl;fSk; ,jpy;

mlq;Fk;. (c-k;: muprp)

vdNt jq;fk;> nts;sp Nghd;wtw;iwNah mtw;wpd; ,dj;ijr; Nru;e;jtw;iwNah

khw;Wk;NghJ (c-k;: jq;fj;jpw;F jq;fj;ijAk;> NfhJikf;F NfhJikiaAk;

khw;Wjy;) ,uz;L epge;jidfs; fUj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1. ,uz;Lk; rkmsthf ,Uj;jy;: ,q;F ufj;ijNah> juj;ijNah ftdj;jpw;

nfhs;sf; $lhJ. cjhuzkhf xU fpNyh rk;gh muprpia 1½ fpNyh ehl;L

muprpf;F khw;wpf; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. mJ tl;bahf mikAk;. ,Nj eltbf;ifia

`yhyhd Kiwapy; mikj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhapd; Kjypy; ehl;L muprpapd;

nrhe;jf;fhuu; mjid rk;gh muprpapd; nrhe;jf;fhuUf;F gzj;jpw;F tpw;f

Ntz;Lk;. ,q;F tpiy tpj;jpahrkhf miktJ ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhJ.

2. gz;lkhw;wpd;NghJ xd;iwf; nfhLj;J kw;wijj; jhkjg;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;ff;

$lhJ. khwhf clDf;Fld; ifkhw;wpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,U gz;lq;fSk; ,dj;jpy; NtWgl;L Nehf;fj;jpy; xj;jpUj;jy; (c-k;: jq;fKk;

nts;spAk;) msT tpj;jpahrk; ̀ uhkhfhJ. Mdhy;> ,q;Fk; fhyjhkjk; $lhJ.

cjhuzkhf jq;fj;jpw;F nts;spia khw;Wk;NghJ jtizaplhJ clDf;Fld;

ifkhw;wpf; nfhs;tJ epge;jidahFk;. Mdhy; mstpy; tpj;jpahrk; ,Ug;gJ

jtwy;y. ,q;F Fiwe;j jq;fj;jpw;F $ba nts;spiag; ngwyhk;. ,t;thNw

NfhJikiaAk; thw;NfhJikiaAk; khw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;.

ifkhWk; ,U gz;lq;fSk; ,dk;> Nehf;fk; ,uz;bYk; NtWgl;lhy; Fwpj;j

,uz;L epge;jidfSNk mtrpakw;wjhFk;.

NkYk; jq;fk;> nts;sp> gpujhd czTg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;wit jtpu;e;jtw;wpy;

msT tpj;jpahrNkh> fhy jhkjNkh (jtizaply;) gpioahdjy;y. c-k;: Xu;

Ml;il ,uz;L MLfSf;F khw;wpf; nfhLf;fyhk;.

tl;b nghUshjhu uPjpahfTk; ghjfkhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jf; $baJ

vd;gJ njspthd xd;whFk;. eilKiw cyfpy; cs;s nghUshjhu r%f

uPjpapyhd gpur;rpidfSk; gpd;dilTfSk; ,jw;Nfhu; vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

l njhopy;rhu; eltbf;ifspy; tptrhak;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;ifspy; tptrhak;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;ifspy; tptrhak;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;ifspy; tptrhak;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;ifspy; tptrhak;

l ,];yhj;jpd; ghu;itapy; kdpjd; my;yh`;Tila gpujpepjpahthd;. gpujp

epjpj;Jtj;ij epiyehl;Ltjw;F ,iwj;J}jpd; %yk; topfhl;bdhd;. mNjNghd;W

gpujpepjpahf tho;tjw;F Vw;w tifapy; mtd; g+kpia tpupg;ghf mikj;J

itj;Js;shd;. mjpy; kdpjDf;Fj; Njitahd gapu; gr;irfisg; gilj;Js;shd;.


mjpy; tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahdtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whd;. ,tw;wpd; %ykhf

kdpjd; jdJ czTj; Njitia epiwTnra;J nfhs;fpd;whd;. ,e;j tifapy;

kdpjd; jdJ nghUshjhuj; Njitfspy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij ngWfpd;w czTj;

Njitia epiwT nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;fpd;w nghUsPl;ly;

eltbf;iffspy; xd;Wjhd; tptrhakhFk;.

l Kjy; kdpjd; Mjk; (miy) mtu;fs; cyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;ljpypUe;J czTj;

Njitf;fhf tptrhak; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lij tuyhw;wpD}lhf mwpe;J nfhs;s

Kbfpd;wJ. ,k;Kaw;rp kdpj rKjhaj;jhy; njhlu;e;Jk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L

te;Js;sJ. my;yh`;tpdhy; mDg;gg;gl;l mNefkhd egpkhu;fs; tptrhak;

nra;J jkJ tho;it elj;jpajw;fhd Mjhuq;fs; my;Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;Tiog;Gf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; g+kpia my;yh`;

gilj;jpUg;gjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.

~~md;wpAk; my;yh ;̀ cq;fSf;fhf g+kpia tpupg;ghf Mf;fpdhd;. mjpy; ePq;fs;

nry;tjw;fhf tprhykhd ghijfisAk; mikj;jhd;. (71:19-20)

~~mtNd thdj;jpypUe;J kioia ,wf;fpdhd;. mijf; nfhz;L vy;yh tifahd

Gw;g+z;LfisAk; ehk; ntspahf;fpNdhk;. mjpypUe;J gr;ir(j; jio)fis

ntspg;gLj;JfpNwhk;. mjpypUe;J ehk; tpj;Jf;fis mlu;j;jpahd fjpu;fshf

ntspg;gLj;JfpNwhk;.|| (6:99)

~~,d;Dk; fhw;iw #y; nfhz;l Nkfq;fshf ehNk mDg;GfpNwhk;. gpd;du;

thdj;jpypUe;J ehk; kioiag; nghoptpj;J mjid cq;fSf;Fg; Gfl;LfpNwhk;.

mjid ePq;fs; Nrfupj;J itg;gJk; ,y;iy.|| (15:22)

Nkw;gb Fu;Md; trdq;fspy; g+kpia tptrhak; nra;jtw;F Vw;wthW my;yh ;̀

mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jpUg;gJ gw;wp tpgupf;fg;gLtijf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. kio>

fhw;W> g+kp> gapu;; gr;irfs; gw;wpnay;yhk; ,jpy; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. tptrhak;

nra;J> czTj; Njitia epiwTnra;Jnfhs;s ,t;thW my;yh ;̀ ,yFgLj;jp

itj;Js;shd;.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ NghjidfSk; tptrhaj;Jf;F Cf;fkspg;gjhf miktijf;

fhz Kbfpd;wJ. vdNtjhd; K];ypk;fs; tptrhaj;jpy; <Lgl;L te;Js;sij

tuyhw;wpy; fhzf; $bajhfTs;sJ.

~~xUtUf;F epyk; ,Ug;gpd; mjpy; mtu; gapu; nra;aTk; my;yJ mijj; jdJ

rNfhjuDf;F ju;kk; nra;J tplTk;. mjw;Fk; mtuhy; Kbahtpbd; jhNd

itj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;.|| (G`hup> K];ypk;.)

l ,e;j ̀ jP]; tpis epyq;fis ntWkNd tpl;L itf;fhjPu;fs; vdf; $Wfpd;wJ.

jdf;F Kbahtpl;lhy; mLj;jtDf;fhtJ ju;kk; nra;J tpLkhW $Wfpd;wJ.

,e;j ̀ jP]; nghUsPl;lypy; tptrhaj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ntspf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

~~cupik Nfhug;glhj epyj;ij xUtu; gad;gLj;jp tskhf;fpdhy; mtNu mjw;F

jFjp tha;e;jtuhthu;.|| (G`hup)

cupik Nfhug;glhj epyj;jpy; tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLgtDf;F epyk; nrhe;jkhdJ

vdf; Fwpg;gpLtJ tptrhaj;jpd;> tptrhapapd; rpwg;ig vLj;Jf;fhl;lg; NghJkhd

jhf cs;sJ. kjPdhthrpfs; ngUk;ghYk; tptrhapfshfNt ,Ue;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;.

kjPdhtpw;F ̀ p[;uj; nrd;wpUe;j fhyg; gFjpapy; mq;F tho;e;jtu;fs; NguPj;jk;

kuq;fspy; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if nra;tjw;fhd toptiffisr; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jhu;

fs;. ] P̀̀ ; K];ypkpy; gjpthfpapUf;Fk; xU ̀ jP]py; ,J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.


]`hgpfs; vt;tsT J}uk; tptrha eltbf;iffspy; Kd;NdwpapUe;jhu;fs;

vd;gij ,J njspthf;Ffpd;wJ.

~~xU K];ypk; xU jhtuj;ij el;b my;yJ gapiu cw;gj;jp nra;J gpd;du;

mjid xU kdpjd;> kpUfk; my;yJ NtW xU gwit cl;nfhz;lhYk; mJ

mtUf;F ju;kkhfNt mikAk;.|| (K];ypk;)

,];yhj;jpd; ghu;itapy; xU tptrhap kfj;jhd $ypia ,k;ikapYk;

kWikapYk; ngWfpd;whd; vd;gij ,e;j `jP]; czu;j;jp epw;fpd;wJ. ,J

K];ypik tptrhaj;jpy; <Lglj; J}z;Lfpd;wJ.

l `jP]; njhFg;ghrpupau;fs; jupR epYj;jpy; gapu; nra;jy;> tptrhak;> Fj;jiff;F

tply; Nghd;w jiyg;Gf;fspy; tptrhak; gw;wpa `jP];fisj; njhFj;J

vOjpAs;sikAk; rl;lj;Jiw mwpQu;fs; ,it gw;wpa rl;lj; jPu;g;Gf;fis

,j;jiyg;Gf;fspd; fPo; toq;fpAs;sikAk; tptrhaj; Jiwapy; K];ypk;fs;

<LgLtjw;fhd topfhl;ly;fshf mike;Js;sd.

l tptrhaj; Jiwapy; gy gpupTfs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mtw;Ws; kpf Kf;fpakhd

,uz;L gpupTfs; cs;sd.

1. jhtuq;fs;> jhdpaq;fNshL njhlu;ghdit.

2. tpyq;F Ntshd;ik> gwit tsu;g;G

l nghJthf ,];yhkpag; nghUspay; Nfhl;ghl;by; my;yh`; ùhkhf;fpa ve;j

cw;gj;jpAk; tpepNahfKk;> gpuNahfKk; jLf;fg;gl;ljhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. ,it

ngUk;ghYk; kdpjdJ capu;> cly;> mwpT vd;gtw;iwg; ghjpf;ff; $bajhfNt

,Uf;Fk;. tptrha cw;gj;jpfSk; Nkw;$wg;gl;l tpjj;jpy; mikAkhapd; mtw;iw

cw;gj;jp nra;jy;> tpepNahfpj;jy;> Efu;jy; Nghd;w fhupaq;fs; jilnra;ag;

gl;Ls;sd. cjhuzkhf ̀ \P\;> Gifapiy> fQ;rh vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

vdNt mtw;iw xU tptrhap cw;gj;jp nra;tJ ùhkhdjhFk;.

l tpyq;F Ntshd;ikapYk; jLf;fg;gl;litfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;Ws;

K];ypk;fSf;F ùhk; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lit K];ypky;yhjtu;fSf;fhf

cw;gj;jp nra;aTk; KbahJ. cjhuzkhf gd;wp tsu;g;igf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

Mdhy;> ,];yhk; mDkjpj;j tpyq;F Ntshd;ik eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl

KbAk;. mNefkhd egpkhu;fs; ,t;Tiog;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;shu;fs;.

njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ifj;njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ifj;njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ifj;njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ifj;njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; ifj;njhopy;

l nghUspaypd; mbg;gilj; Njitahd czTj; Njitiag; g+u;j;jp nra;J

nfhs;tjw;F vt;thW tptrhak; cjTfpd;wNjh mt;thNw ifj;njhopy; JiwAk;

tho;tpd; mjpfkhd Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;af; $bajhf ,Ug;gijf; fhzyhk;.

l vdNtjhd; Fu;MDk; ]{d;dhTk; ,jw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Js;sijf;

fhzyhk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; njhopy;fspy; rpwe;jJ vJntd tpdtpaNghJ

~~ifj;njhopYk;>= ngha; fythj tu;j;jfKk;|| (m ;̀kj;) vdg; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;.

egpapdhy; Gfo;e;J $wg;gl;l xU nghUsPl;ly; eltbf;ifahf ,JTs;sJ.

my;Fu;MdpYk; ifj;njhopy; Jiwf;fhd topfhl;ly;fs;> mjd; Njit

gw;wpnay;yhk; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. egpkhu;fs; vt;thW ifj;njhopy; eltbf;if

fspy; <Lgl;lhu;fs; vd;w tpsf;fq;fs; vy;yhk; Fu;Mdpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jw;F mbg;gilf; fhuzk; tho;it ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F kdpjDf;F

,j;Jiw mtrpak; vd;gjhFk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fs;

ifj;njhopiyg; gpwUf;Ff; fw;Wf; nfhLg;gJ ]{d;dj;jhd ,ghjj; vdf;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.


eilKiw cyfpy; ,Uk;ig ikakhf itj;J ghupa ifj;njhopy; Kaw;rpfs;

,lk;ngWfpd;wd. mJ tho;f;ifia ,yFgLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd vy;yh

topfspYk; gad;gLtijf; fhzyhk;. my;Fu;Mdpd; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; ,Uk;igg;

gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. xU ]_whtpd; ngaNu ~my; `jPj;| vdf; Fwpg;gplg;

gl;Ls;sJ. ,Uk;NghL njhlu;Gila ifj;njhopy; KiwAk; Fu;Mdpy;

tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

~~,Uk;ig ehNk ,wf;fpNdhk;. mjpy; fLikahd rf;jpAk; kdpjUf;Fg; gy

tifg; gaDk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.|| (57:25)

,t;trdj;ij tpsf;fpAs;s Fu;Mdpa mwpQu;fs; ~fLikahd rf;jp| vd;gJ

NghuhAjj;jpw;F %yg; nghUshf ,Uk;igg; gad;gLj;JtijAk; ~gy;tifg;

gad;| vd;gJ md;whlg; ghtidfSf;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fs;> ifj;njhop

Yf;Fj; Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;tijAk; Fwpg;gjhf

tpsf;fkspj;Js;shu;fs;.

~~NkYk; ehk; mtUf;F ,Uk;ig kpUJthf;fpj; je;Njhk;.|| (34:10-11)

~~,d;Dk; ePq;fs; NghupLk;NghJ cq;fisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd ftrq;fs;

nra;tij mtUf;F ehk; fw;Wf; nfhLj;Njhk;. vdNt ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs;

ed;wp nrYj;Jgtu;fshf ,Uf;fpwPu;fsh?|| (21:80)

egp jht+j; (miy) mtu;fNshL njhlu;GgLj;jp tUk; Nkw;gb Fu;Md; trdq;fs;

,Uk;NghL njhlu;Gila ifj;njhopy; Jiwfspy; mtu; <Lgl;L te;jhu; vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

my;yh`;tpd; J}ju; egp E}`; (miy) mtu;fs; fg;gy; fl;Lk; Ntiyapy;

<LgLj;jg;gl;lhu;fs;. my;yh ;̀tpd; jz;lidapypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngWtjw;fhf

,J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,d;W fg;gy; khu;f;fkhd fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;Nj

gz;lq;fis ehLfSf;fpilapy; Vw;W ,wf;Fkjp nra;a cjTfpd;wJ. fg;gy;

fl;Lk; njhopw; Jiw ,d;W tpUj;jpaile;Js;sJ. ,jid my;Fu;Md; gpd;tUk;

mbg;gilapy; tpgupf;fpd;wJ.

~~,d;Dk; kiyfisg; Nghy; flypy; nry;gitAk; mtDila mj;jhl;rpfspy;

cs;sitahFk;.|| (42:32)

l egpkhu;fs; xt;nthUtUk; xt;nthU ciog;G Kaw;rpfspy; <Lgl;L te;Js;sij

tuyhw;wpD}lhf fhz Kbfpd;wJ. jht+j; (miy) mtu;fs; ,Uk;ghAjq;fs;

nra;tjpy; <Lgl;lJ Nghy;> ]fupa;ah (miy) mtu;fs; jr;Rj; njhopypy;

<Lgl;L te;Js;shu;fs;. egp E}`; (miy) mtu;fs; fg;gy; fl;Lk; NtiyapYk;

<Lgl;Ls;shu;fs;. ]`hghf;fspy; ngz;kzpfs; $l ifj;njhopypy; <Lgl;L

te;Js;shu;fs;. ck;k `hJy; K/kpdPd;fspy; i]dg; gpe;jp [`;\; (uop)

tiy gpd;dp tho;f;if elj;jpdhu;fs;.

l ,];yhk; <Uyf tho;itAk; tsg;gLj;Jfpd;w ifj;njhopw; Jiwfspy;

<LgLtijNa mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. khw;wkhf mfPjhit r%f> tho;it> xOf;fj;ij>

gz;ghl;il rPu;Fiyf;Fk; ve;jf; ifj;njhopy; JiwfisAk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy.

cjhuzkhf Nghijg; nghUs; cw;gj;jp> Nkhrkhd czu;Tfis ntspf;nfhz;L

tuf; $ba ,irf; fUtpfs;> Gifg;gl cw;gj;jpfs;> kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpf;ff;

$ba cw;gj;jpfs; vd;gtw;iwj; jilnra;Js;sijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. MfNt

ifj;njhopy; Jiw %yk; nghUsPl;LtJk; Xu; ,ghjj; vd;gij xt;nthU

K];ypKk; mwpe;jpUg;gJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.


njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopy;njhopy;rhu; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopy;

l nghUsPl;ly; eltbf;iffspy; Nritj; njhopYk; xd;whFk;. xU kdpjd;

toq;Ffpd;w Nrit %yk; jdf;Fupa tho;thjhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;

Kiwnad ,jidr; RUf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;. gy;NtW tifahd Nritj;

njhopy;fs; fhzg;gLtij mtjhdpf;fyhk;. murhq;f Nrit> jdpahu; Nrit>

Ml;rpahsu; gzp> Mrpupau; Nrit> kUj;Jt Nrit> jhjpkhu; Nrit> ,ypfpju;

Nrit> ghJfhg;Gr; Nrit> njhlu;g+lf Nrit> Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; Nrit> Rfhjhu

Nrit vdg; gy;NtW tiffisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,e;jr; Nritfis toq;Ftjw;F

nghWg;Gjhuu;fSk; epakpf;fg;gLthu;fs;.

nghWg;Gf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;NghJk; gjtpfis tfpj;jpLk;NghJk; gy

mjpfhuq;fs; mtu;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd. nghWg;Gf;fisAk; gjtpfisAk;

ngw;wtu;fsplk; gyUila ey;tho;Tf;fhd jpl;lq;fs; xg;gilf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

,g;nghWg;Gf;fisnay;yhk; epiwNtw;wpa Kiw gw;wp kWikapy; mtutu;

tprhupf;fg;gLthu;fs;. my;yh`;tplk; mtu;fs; jkJ nghWg;Gf;fs;> gjtpfs;

gw;wp gjpy; nrhy;ypahf Ntz;Lk;. vdNt xt;nthU Nritj; njhopypYk; <LgL

gtu;fs; jhk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;w nghWg;Gf;fSk;> gjtpfSk; mkhdpjk; vd;gij

czu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mkhdpjk; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpdJ fl;lisfSf;

fpzq;f cyfpy; kdpjd; Mw;w Ntz;ba gzpfs;> Nritfisf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

~~epr;rakhf thdq;fisAk; g+kpiaAk;> kiyfisAk; (ek; fl;lisfis)

mkhdpjj;ijr; Rke;J nfhs;SkhW vLj;Jf; fhl;bNdhk;. Mdhy;> mijr;

Rke;Jnfhs;s mit kWj;jd. mijg; gw;wp mit mQ;rpd. Mdhy; kdpjd;

mijr; Rke;J nfhz;lhd;. epr;rakhf kdpjd; (jdf;Fj; jhNd) mepahak;

nra;gtdhfTk;> mwptpypahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.|| (33:72)

~~mkhdpjk; ,y;yhjtdplk; <khd; ,y;iy. my;yh`;Tldhd cld;gbf;ifAk;

,y;iy|| (m ;̀kj;)

~~ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk; nghWg;Gjhuu;fs;. cq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; mtutu;

nghWg;G gw;wp tprhupf;fg;gLtPu;fs;...|| (Gfhup)

l Nkw;gb Fu;Md; `jP]; Nghjidfs;> nghWg;Gf;fspd;> gjtpfspd; mkhdpjj;

jd;ik gw;wpj; njspTgLj;Jfpd;wd. jkJ nghWg;GfSf;Fk; gjtpfSf;Fk;

xt;nthUtUk; tif $wf; flikg;gl;ltu;fs; vd;gJk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

MfNt Nritj; njhopypy; <LgLk; midtUk; ehl;Lj; jiytUld; cld;gbf;if

nra;Jnfhs;fpd;whu;fs;. ,j;jiytu;fs; Ml;rpahsu;fSf;Fk; Ml;rpahsu;fs;

my;yh ;̀Tf;Fk; tif $wf; flikg;gl;ltu;fs;. MfNt xl;Lnkhj;jkhf vy;NyhUk;

nghWg;ghdtu;fs;.

Ml;rpahsu;fs;Ml;rpahsu;fs;Ml;rpahsu;fs;Ml;rpahsu;fs;Ml;rpahsu;fs;

l ,d;W ehl;il epUtfpf;fpd;wtu;fs; midtUk; mjw;fhf Cjpak; ngWfpd;whu;fs;.

[dhjpgjp Kjy; gpuNjr rig cWg;gpdu; tiu cs;stu;fs; midtUk;

Njrpa gzpahsuhtu;. ,e;j jiyikj;Jtg; gzpfSf;F epakpf;fg;gLgtu;fs;

tplaj;jpy; ftdkhf ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,g;nghWg;Gf;fs; kf;fshy; ek;gp

xg;gilf;fg;gLgit. ,tu;fs; my;yh ;̀Tf;Fk; kf;fSf;Fk; nghWg;Gilatu;fs;.

,it kpfg; ngupa mkhdpjq;fshFk;. my;yh`; ,t;tplak; gw;wpj; Jy;ypakhf

tprhupg;ghd;.


xU Kiw mg+ju; my; fpghup (uop) mtu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; te;J

vd;id xU gFjpf;F MSeuhf epakpf;f khl;Bu;fsh? vdf; Nfl;lhu;fs;.

,ijf; Nfl;lJk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mtuJ Njhs;fisj; jl;batuhf

gpd;tUkhW $wpdhu;fs;:

~~mg+ ju; mtu;fNs! ePq;fs; gytPdkhdtu;. ,e;jg; nghWg;G Xu; milf;fyg;

nghUshFk;. ,Wjpj; jPu;g;G ehspy; fz;zpaj;ij ,of;fpd;w epiyf;Fk;>

mtkhdkhdnjhU epiyf;Fk; ,J ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. vdpDk; ,e;jg; nghWg;ig

mjd; vy;yh RikfNshLk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L Vw;Wf; nfhz;litfis

epiwTnra;gtu;fs; fhg;ghw;wg;gLthu;fs;|| (K];ypk;)

Nkw;gb `jP]; jFjpahdtu;fSf;F gjtp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij

typAWj;jp epw;fpd;wJ. cau; fy;tpj; jifik> rpwe;j mDgtk;> ey;y gz;Gfs;

vy;yhk; vy;NyhiuAk; vy;yhg; gjtpfSf;Fk; jFjpahdtdhf khw;wptplhJ.

ahuhy; KiwahfTk; fz;zpakhfTk; epiwNtw;w KbANkh mtu;fsplNk

nghWg;Gf;fisAk;> gjtpfisAk;> mjpfhuq;fisAk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.

~~xU $l;lj;jhup;y; my;yh`;Tf;F kpf ctg;ghd xUtu; ,Uf;f mtiug;

Gwf;fzpj;J kw;nwhUtiu ahu; mf;$l;lj;jpdUf;F mjpfhupahf epakpf;fpd;whNuh

mtu; my;yh ;̀Tf;Fk;> mtd; J}jUf;Fk; tpRthrpfSf;Fk; Nkhrk; nra;Jtpl;lhu;||

(`hfpk;)

a+g;uB]; ejpapy; ePu; mUe;jr; nry;Yk; Xu; xl;liff; Fl;b rq;flj;jpw;Fl;gl;lhYk;

mjw;F ,e;j cku; kWikapy; my;yh`;tplk; gjpy; nrhy;ypahf Ntz;Lk;||

vd cku; (uop) mtu;fs; jdf;Nf $wpf; nfhz;lJ Ml;rpahsu;fs; jkJ

nghWg;ig vil Nghlg; NghJkhdjhFk;.

epoNy fpilf;fhj kWik ehspy; VO egu;fSf;F my;yh`; jdJ mu;\pd;

fPo; epoy; nfhLg;gjhff; $wpAs;shd;. mtu;fSs; xUtu; ePjpAs;s Ml;rpahsd;

my;yJ jiytd; (K];ypk;). mjpfhug; nghWg;ig rPuhf epiwNtw;Wtjd;

rpwg;Gk;> mtrpaKk; ,q;F Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt jiytu;fs;> epUthfpfs;

jkJ gzpfspy; NgZjYld; ele;Jnfhs;sf; flikg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.

,j;jifa Njrpa gzpahsu;fs; ehl;Lf;Fk; Fb kf;fSf;Fk; JNuhfk;

nra;ahjtu;fshfTk; kf;fs; eyDf;F jPq;F nra;ahjtu;fshfTk; ehl;bd;

tsq;fis mgfupf;fhjtu;fshfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

l mur gzpfspy; <LgLNthu;mur gzpfspy; <LgLNthu;mur gzpfspy; <LgLNthu;mur gzpfspy; <LgLNthu;mur gzpfspy; <LgLNthu;

fy;tp Nkk;ghl;by; ngUk; gq;fhw;Wfpd;wtu;fNs mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;>

tpupTiuahsu;fs;. xU ehl;bd; khztu; r%fk; ,tu;fsJ fuq;fspNyNa

xg;gilf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tu;fsJ mkhdpjk; NgZk; jd;ik> Nritf;fhd

jFjp> nghWg;ghf ele;Jnfhs;sy;> njhopw; jfik> flikAzu;T vd;gdnty;yhk;

,tu;fsJ Nritapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

fw;wy;> fw;gpj;jy; gzp kpfTk; GdpjkhdJ. Vnddpy;> my;yh`; mwptpd;

mbg;gilapy; Vida gilg;gpdq;fis tpl kdpjid cau;j;jp itj;Js;shd;.

vdNtjhd; Xu; khu;f;f mwpQd; cUthf;fg;gLtJ> ,ju Jiw rhu;e;j mwpQu;fs;

cUthf;fg;gLtJ ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQu;fspd; ghu;itapy; gu;S fpghahthff;

fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt;thwhapd; ew; gpui[fis> fy;tpkhd;fis cUthf;Fk;

gzpiar; Rke;jtu;fs; mkhdpjg; gzpiar; Rke;jtu;fshtu;.


~~eP cyfpy; (Mw;w Ntz;ba) cd; gzpia (e]Pig) kwe;JtplhNj! my;yh`;

cdf;F ey;yijr; nra;jpUg;gijg; Nghy;> ePAk; ey;yijr; nra;|| (28:77)

~~mkhdpjk; ,y;yhjtdplk; khu;f;fk; ,y;iy|| (m`;kj;)

mjpgu;> Mrpupau; gjtpfs; jFjpapy;yhjtu;fsplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhy; ew;gpui[fs;

cUthtJ rhj;jpakhf KbahJ. xU Kiw egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; ehl;Lg; Gw

mwgp xUtu; te;J kWik ehs; vg;NghJ tUk; vdf; Nfl;lhu;. ~~mkhdpjk;

njhiye;jhy; kWikia vjpu;ghu;|| vd tpil gfu;e;jhu;fs;. ~~mkhdpjk; njhiytJ

vg;gb|| vd kPz;Lk; Nfl;f> ~~xU nghWg;G mjw;Fj; jFjpapy;yhjtuplk;

xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhy; kWikia vjpu;ghu;|| vd tpsf;fkspj;jhu;fs;. (K];ypk;)

mjpgu;fs;> Mrpupau;fs;> tpupTiuahsu;fSf;nfd nghWg;Gfs; tiuaWj;Jf;

nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. ,tw;iwr; nrt;tNd epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yNk fy;tp>

xOf;fk;> elj;ij Nghd;w tptfhuq;fspy; Nkdpiyiaf; fhzyhk;.

~~xU K/kpd;> jdJ fhupaq;fis Neu;j;jpahfTk; fr;rpjkhfTk; nra;tijf;

fhz my;yh`; mthTfpd;whd;.|| (Gfhup)

fy;tpr; NritapYs;stu;fSf;F fy;tp> njhopw; jfikfs; mtrpakhdit.

,d;Nwy; mr;Nritiar; ruptu epiwNtw;w KbahJ. njhopy; jifik vd;gjpy;

Fwpj;j gjtp Ntz;b epw;Fk; mwpT> jpwd;fs;> kdg;ghq;Ffs;> ,af;f rf;jp>

cWjpg;ghL> nraY}f;fk;> mZFKiw Nghd;wd ,lk;ngw Ntz;bapUf;fpd;wd.

fy;tpr; Nritapy; <LgLgtu;fs; jkJ gzpapy; nghWg;Gzu;Tld; ele;Jnfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. gpd;tUk; ,uz;L tplaq;fspy; Kf;fpa ftdk; nrYj;jf;

flikg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.

1. cupa Neuj;jpy; r%fkspj;J jk;kPJ Rkj;jg;gl;Ls;s nghWg;ig nrt;tNd

epiwNtw;wy;> flik Neuq;fis J\;gpuNahfk; nra;ahky; ,Uj;jy;.

2. Cjpaj;jpw;fhf jhd; Mw;Wk; flikapid jd;dhy; ,ad;wsT mu;g;gzpg;NghL

epiwNtw;Wtjpy; Nghjpa Mu;tKs;stdhf ,Uj;jy;. ,J Copadpd;

tpRthrj;jpw;fhd milahskhFk;.

vdNt fy;tpr; Nritfspy; <LgLfpd;wtu;fs; jkJ mkhdpjg; nghWg;ig

czu;e;J ,];yhk; vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; ew;gpui[fis cUthf;Fk; gzpapy;

flikAzu;Tld; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

l Rfhjhu (kUj;Jt> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju;) Nritfs;Rfhjhu (kUj;Jt> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju;) Nritfs;Rfhjhu (kUj;Jt> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju;) Nritfs;Rfhjhu (kUj;Jt> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju;) Nritfs;Rfhjhu (kUj;Jt> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju;) Nritfs;

Rfhjhu NritapyPLgLk; kUj;Jtu;fs;> jhjpkhu;> ,ypfpju; Nghd;Nwhu; mLj;j

kdpju;fsJ eyd;fNshL njhlu;Gila Nritapid Mw;Wfpd;whu;fs;. ,tu;fsJ

eltbf;iffs; ehl;L kf;fs; eydpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $bait. vdNt

,t;thwhd NritfspYk; mkhdpjk;> nghWg;Gzu;T> njhopy; jifik>

flikAzu;T vd;gd kpf Kf;fpa ,lj;ijg; ngWfpd;wd.

nghJthf ve;j Nritj; njhopypy; <LgLgtu;fSk; jkJ cj;jpNahfj;jpw;fhd

cld;gbf;ifapd; gb gzpahw;Wk; Copauhtu;. mtDf;F Cjpak; toq;fg;gLtjhy;

mtDf;Fupa flik Neuk; mtdJ Nritf;Fupa NeukhFk;. mg;NghJ mtdJ

cs> cly;> rpe;jdh uPjpapyhd midj;J Mw;wYk;> jpwDk; mtdJ cj;jpNahfg;

gzpf;fhf nrytplg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mtdJ Ntiy Neuj;jpy; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba

xt;nthU fUkj;Jf;Fk; mtd; nghWg;ghdtd;.


l Xu; mjpfhup my;yJ cj;jpNahfj;jupd; gzp xU Fwpj;j Ntisapy; jd;idr;

re;jpf;f tUNthupd; Njitfis epiwNtw;WtNjhL rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gjhy; mtuJ

flik Neuk; me;j kf;fSf;Fupa NeukhFk;. mtu;fsJ cupikfis me;j

cj;jpNahfj;ju; Kiwg;gb toq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F cjhuzkhf itj;jparhiy

fspy; flikahw;Wk; itj;jpau;fspd; Nrit Neuj;ijf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

itj;jpaUf;fhf Nehahsu;fs; fhj;jpUf;f> Fwpj;j Nrit Neuj;ij xU jdpahu;

itj;jparhiyapy; mt; itj;jpau; fopg;ghuhapd; vjpu;ghu;j;jpUf;Fk;

Nehahsu;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gLk; mePjpahfNt mJ fzpf;fg;gLk;. Vnddpy;>

midtuJ tho;tpYk; Neuk; ngWkjpahdJ. itj;jpau; nrhw;g Neuk; vdf;

fUJtJ Nehahspapd; gf;fj;jpy; ngWkjpahdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,NjNghd;W

Xu; Mrpupau;> xU tpupTiuahsu;> Xu; ,ypfpju;> xU jhjp Nrit Neuj;jpy;

vLf;fpd;w Vidatu;fspd; Neuk; mtu;fsJ tho;f;ifapy; ngWkjpahdjhf

,Uf;fyhk;. xU kdpjdpd; KiwNflhd nray; Vidatu;fspd; capiu> fy;tpia>

tho;f;ifiag; ghjpf;ff; $bajhf mikaf; $lhJ.

Vida kdpju;fspd; Neuj;ij jpULk; Nritj; njhopyhsu;fs; nja;tPff; flik

vd;w czu;tpoe;j Copau;fshtu;. ,jw;F mbg;gilf; fhuzk; my;yh`; jd;

kPJ rhl;bAs;s mLj;jtu;fSf;F epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba flik gw;wpa

nghWg;Gzu;r;rp ,y;yhikNa. MfNt jkJ nghWg;G gw;wpa mrke;jg; Nghf;fpdhy;

mLj;jtu;fsJ eyd;fis cjhrPdg;gLj;jp mtu;fspd; ngWkjpahd Neu>

fhyq;fis #iwahLgtu;fs; xd;iw kwe;Jtplf; $lhJ. cau; Cjpak; ngWk;

cau; mjpfhupfSk; rhjhuz Cjpak; ngWk; gzpahl;fSk; kf;fsJ tupg;gzk;

%yk; Cjpak; ngWfpd;wdu;. MfNt Nritj; njhopypy; <LgLgtu;fs; ePjp

epahaj;NjhL jkJ Nritia toq;FtJ mtu;fsJ flikahFk;.

l r%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mk;rq;fs; my;yJr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mk;rq;fs; my;yJr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mk;rq;fs; my;yJr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mk;rq;fs; my;yJr%f tho;Tld; njhlu;Gila nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; mk;rq;fs; my;yJ

,];yhkpa tpahghu mikg;Gfs;,];yhkpa tpahghu mikg;Gfs;,];yhkpa tpahghu mikg;Gfs;,];yhkpa tpahghu mikg;Gfs;,];yhkpa tpahghu mikg;Gfs;

kdpj tuyhw;wpd; Muk;g fhy tpahghu eltbf;iffs; vspikahf ,Ue;jd.

,d;W r%f> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> njhopy;El;g uPjpahf cyfk;> khw;wq;fSf;Fl;

gl;L tUfpd;wJ. Kd;du; fhzg;glhj nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Kiwfs;> tpahghu

xg;ge;jq;fs; ,d;W ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; rpy ,];yhkpa \uPMtpdhy;

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. rpy epuhfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MfNt etPd tpahghu

mikg;Gfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.

mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kiwfs;:mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kiwfs;:mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kiwfs;:mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kiwfs;:mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l tpahghu Kiwfs;:

l KohughKohughKohughKohughKohugh

etPd fhy ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fspy; xUtuhd myp ̀ gPg; vd;gtu; KohughTf;F

gpd;tUk; fUj;ijf; nfhLj;Js;shu;: ~~xU jug;gpdupd; %yjdj;ijAk;> kw;nwhU

jug;gpudJ ciog;igAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; tu;j;jf

Kaw;rpapd;NghJ fpilf;fg; ngWk; ,yhgj;jpy; ,U jug;gpdUk; gq;Fnfhs;Sjy;

vd;w tifapy; ,lk;ngWk; xU tiff; $l;Lg; gq;fhz;ik cld;gbf;ifNa

KohughthFk;.

,];yhk; ,jid mDkjpj;Js;sJ. Fu;MDk;> ]{d;dhTk; ,jid

mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ. ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fSk; ,J $Lk; vd;gjpy; VNfhgpj;j

fUj;Jf; nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;.


NtW rpyu; ~~my;yh`;tpd; mUisj; Njb g+kpapd; gy ghfq;fspYk; nry;y

Ntz;bapUf;Fk;|| (2:198)> (62:60)> (73:20) vd;gd Nghd;w trdq;fs; Kohughit

rl;lg+u;tkhdJ vd cWjpg;gLj;Jtjhf Kg];]pu;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whu;fs;.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; EGt;tj;jpw;F Kd;du; fjP[h (uop) mtu;fsplkpUe;J

Kohugh mbg;gilapNyNa tpahghug; nghUl;fis \hk; ehl;Lf;F vLj;Jr;

nrd;whu;fs;. [h p̀ypa;ah fhyj;jpy; gpugy;akhf ,Ue;j ,e;j tpahghu Kiwapid

,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;Fg; gpd;du; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mq;fPfupj;jhu;fs;.

l Kohugh nry;Ygbahtjw;F ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; Kd;itj;Js;s epge;jidfs;

1. Kohugh xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd thu;j;ijg; gpuNahfk;.

2. Kohugh xg;ge;jk; nra;Jnfhs;Nthu; (%yjd cupikahsd;> Kaw;rpahsd;)

3. %yjdk;: mjid toq;FgtDf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhf my;yJ gad;gLj;Jk;

cupik ngw;wtdhf ,Uj;jy;. nghUspd; jd;ik> ,ay;G> njhif> mwpT

Kjyhdit Fwpg;ghf mwpag;gl;ljhf ,Uj;jy;.

4. ciog;G my;yJ Kaw;rp: el;lj;ij KjyPl;lhsd; nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk;.

Kaw;rpahsNd fhuzk; vdpd; mtu; nghWg;Ngw;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. ,yhgg; gfpu;T: ,U jug;gpdUf;FKupa ,yhg tpfpjhrhuk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;.

6. cld;gbf;if tiuaWf;fg;gl;ljha; mikjy; $lhJ: Fwpj;j Cupy; Fwpj;j

nghUspy; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk; vd tiuaWf;f KbahJ.

fPo;tUk; epiyfspy; Kohugh cld;gbf;if Kbe;JtpLk;

1. NkNy fz;l epge;jidfspy; xd;iw ,oj;jy;.

2. Kaw;rpahsu; nghUl;fisg; ghJfhg;gjpy; ftdf;Fiwtha; ,Uj;jy; my;yJ

cld;gbf;ifapd; Nehf;fj;jpw;F Kuzhf xd;iwr; nra;jy;.

3. Kaw;rpahsNuh my;yJ epjp cupikahsNuh kuzpj;jy;.

NkYk; Kaw;rpahsu; Kohugh %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l epjpiaf; nfhz;L kw;nwhU

Kohugh cld;gbf;if nra;Jnfhs;s KbahJ. mt;thW ele;Jnfhs;tJ

mj;JkPwyhff; fzpf;fg;gLk;.

l K\hufh:K\hufh:K\hufh:K\hufh:K\hufh:

cyfpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w cw;gj;jp Kaw;rpfs;> tpahghu eltbf;iffs; kpfr;

rpwpa mstpYk;> ghupa mstpYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUtij mtjhdpf;f

Kbfpd;wJ. ghupa mstpyhd cw;gj;jp> tpahghu eltbf;iffspy; xU jdpegu;

khj;jpuk; <Lgl Kbahj #o;epiy Vw;gLtJz;L. ,jdhy;jhd; gyu; xd;WNru;e;J

Kjypl;L ,t;thwhd Kaw;rpfspy; <LgLtijf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. K\hufh

KiwAk; mt;thwhdnjhd;Nw.

~~gyu; xd;W Nru;e;J jj;jkJ %yjdj;ij xd;W Nru;j;J Xu; cw;gj;jp my;yJ

njhopy; Kaw;rpapy; gq;Fjhuu;fshf <LgLk; mikg;igNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.||

l K\hufh eltbf;ifSf;fhd epge;jidfs;

1. %yjdj; njhif Fwpg;ghf mwpag;gl;bUj;jy;.

2. %yjdk; ifapUg;gpYs;s gzkhf ,Uj;jy;.

3. ,yhg tpfpjhrhuk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;.

K\hufhtpy; Vw;gLk; el;lk; gq;Fjhuu;fspd; gq;FfSf;Nfw;g Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.


l Kuhg`h:Kuhg`h:Kuhg`h:Kuhg`h:Kuhg`h:

~Kuhg`h| vd;w nrhy; ~ugp`| vd;w tpidabapypUe;J Njhd;wpajhFk;. ,yhg

kile;jhd; vd;gJ nghUshFk;. ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; ,jidg; gy;NtW

mbg;gilapy; tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jpAs;shu;fs;. ,khk; ,g;D U\;j; ,jidg;

gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jpAs;shu;fs;.

~Kuhg`h vd;gJ xU tpahghup jdJ tpw;gidg; nghUspd; nfhs;tpiyia

mjid thq;f tUgtuplk; njspTgLj;jp mjNdhL jhd; mg;nghUis

tpw;fpd;wNghJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;w Fwpg;gpl;l ,yhgj; njhifiaAk; Nru;j;J

Gjpjhf tpiy itg;gijf; Fwpf;Fk;.||

rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gidapypUe;J ,J tpj;jpahrkhdjhFk;. rhjhuz

tpw;gidapy; tpahghup tpw;gidg; nghUspd; nfhs;tdT tpiyiaf; Fwpg;gplhky;

nfhs;tdT tpiyNahL ,yhgj;ijf; $l;b nkhj;jj; njhiff;F mg;nghUis

tpw;gid nra;thu;. Kuhg`htpy; nfhs;tdT tpiy ,yhgk; vd;gtw;iw

nfhs;tdthsu;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;thu;.

Kuhg`h tpahghu mikg;G \uPMtpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ehd;F kj;̀ Gila

,khk;fSk;> mjpfkhd rd;khu;f;f mwpQu;fSk; ,jid typAWj;jpAs;shu;fs;.

,J ve;j tifapYk; tl;bNahL njhlu;Gilajy;y. rhjhuz nghUs; tpw;gid

apy; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;w \uPmj; rl;l xOq;FfNs ,jpYk; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpd;wJ.

rt+jp mNwgpahtpYs;s ,];yhkpa rl;l Ma;T kd;wKk; ,jid mq;fPfupj;

Js;sJ. vy;yh tpahghu nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fSf;Fk; ,jidg; gad;gLj;j

KbAk;.

Kuhg`h xg;ge;jg;gb tpw;gidahsu; jdJ tpw;gidg; nghUSf;Fupa tpiyg;

ngWkhdj;ij cld; fhrhf nkhj;jkhfNth> jtiz mbg;gilapNyh toq;f

KbAk; vDk; epge;jidf;fikaNth toq;f KbAk;. ,t;tpjk; jtiz

mbg;gilapy; toq;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; ,lu;g;ghLfisj; jtpu;f;f nfhs;tdthsdplk;

VJk; ghJfhg;Gf;fis Kd;itf;FkhW Nfhuyhk;.

l \uPMtpd; epge;jidfs;

1. tpw;gtu;> thq;Fgtu; (Kuhg`h tpahghu xg;ge;jk; nra;J nfhs;Nthu;)

2. tpahghu xg;ge;jj;jpw;fhd thu;j;ijg; gpuNahfk;

3. <[hg;> fg+y;

l Kuhg`hTf;fhd tpjpKiwfs;:

nghUSf;fhd epge;jidfs;nghUSf;fhd epge;jidfs;nghUSf;fhd epge;jidfs;nghUSf;fhd epge;jidfs;nghUSf;fhd epge;jidfs;

1. nghUs; Rj;jkhdjhfTk; MFkhdjhfTk; ,Uj;jy;.

2. tpw;gtDk; thq;FgtDk; Fwpj;j tpahghuj;jpy; gad; ngwy;.

3. tpw;gidg; nghUSk; tpiyahf itf;fg;gLk; nghUSk; (gzk;) mtutu;

fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;.

4. nghUisf; ifkhw;wp cupatUf;F xg;gilf;f KbAkhapUj;jy;.

5. Fwpg;gpl;l nghUspd; juk;> msT> epiw> gz;Gfs;> tpiy Nghd;wtw;iw

,UtUk; njspthf mwpe;jpUj;jy;.

6. thq;fpa nghUisg; nghWg;Ngw;wjd; gpd;du; kw;wtUf;F tpw;wy;.


Kuhg`h nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPu ;khdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;Kuhg`h nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPu ;khdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;Kuhg`h nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPu ;khdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;Kuhg`h nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPu ;khdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;Kuhg`h nghUspd; tpiyiaj; jPu ;khdpg;gjpy; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs;

njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.njspTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

1. nfhs;tdT tpiyia nfhs;tdT nra;a tpUk;GgtUf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yy;.

2. ,yhgj; njhifia nfhs;tdthsd; mwpe;jpUj;jy;.

3. tpw;gidg; nghUSf;Fg; gjpyhff; nfhLf;fg;gLk; tpiyg; nghUs; (tpw;gidg;

nghUspdJ) mNj ,dj;ijr; Nru;e;jjhf ,y;yhjpUj;jy;.

4. Muk;gj;jpy; Efu;thsd; thq;fpa tpahghu eltbf;if \uPmj;jpy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhf ,Uj;jy;.

rhl;rpfs;: rhl;rpfs;: rhl;rpfs;: rhl;rpfs;: rhl;rpfs;: rhl;rpfs; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tJ rpwe;jJ. rpf;fy;fs;> gpzf;Ffs;

Njhd;Wtij ,jd; %yk; jtpu;f;fyhk;.

l ]yk; (Kw;gzf; nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk;)]yk; (Kw;gzf; nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk;)]yk; (Kw;gzf; nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk;)]yk; (Kw;gzf; nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk;)]yk; (Kw;gzf; nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk;)

fhyk; jho;j;jp nghUs; xg;gilj;jy; Kiwapy; nfhs;tdT nra;jy; ~]yk;|

vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tpahghu mikg;gpy; nghUspd; tpiyf;Fupa

KOg; gzj;ijAk; thq;Fgtu; nrYj;jptpl> tpw;gidahsu; Fwpg;gpl;l xU

jpfjpapy; nghUis xg;gilg;ghu;.

,t;tpahghu mikg;G Fu;Md;> ]{d;dh> ,[;kh mbg;gilapy; mDkjp ngw;wjhFk;.

kdpju;fSf;F Vw;gLk; xU nghJthd Njitia epiwTnra;tjw;fhfNt

,t;tikg;G mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gzKs;std; nghUis thq;f Ntz;ba

NjitapypUg;ghd;. nghUspd; nrhe;jfhuNdh mjid cw;gj;jp nra;a Kd;dNuh

my;yJ mWtil nra;a Kd;dNuh gzj; NjitAs;stdha; ,Ug;ghd;.

cjhuzkhf tptrhapf;F mWtilf;F Kd;du; Vw;gLk; Njitfisf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kjPdhTf;F te;jNghJ mq;Nf ,f;nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy;

Kiw ,Ue;jJ. ,jid \uPmj;Jf;F ,zq;fpajhf mikg;gjw;fhd

epge;jidfis egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,l;lhu;fs;. ~~vjw;fhtJ Kw;gzk;

nrYj;JNthu; Fwpj;j msT> epiw Mfpa ,uz;bw;FNk mt;thW nrYj;j

Ntz;Lk;. NkYk; fhyj;ijAk; epr;rapj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

1. tpiyahfr; nrYj;Jk; gzj;jpd; tifAk; njhifAk; njspthf

mwpag;gl;bUj;jy;.

2. tpiyf;fhd Fwpj;j njhif cld;gbf;ifapd;NghJ nrYj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

3. tpw;gtupd; nghWg;gpy; nghUs; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

4. nghUspd; juKk; njhifAk; tpsf;fkhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

5. nghUisf; ifaspf;Fk; fhyk;> jpfjp Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

l my;-,[huhmy;-,[huhmy;-,[huhmy;-,[huhmy;-,[huh

kdpju;fs; vy;NyhUk; jkf;Fj; Njitahd vy;yhg; nghUl;fisAk; vg;NghJk;

nrhe;jkhf itj;jpUg;gjpy;iy. ,t;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ,uty; thq;Fjy;

%yk;> $ypf;F ngWjy; %yk;> thliff;Fg; ngWjy; %yk; jkJ Njitfis

epiwT nra;Jnfhs;s Ntz;b Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

~~xU eguplk; my;yJ xU nghUspypUe;J gad; ngWtjw;fhf Fwpj;j xU

njhifia gjpyPlhfr; nrYj;jiyf; Fwpg;gJ ,[huhthFk;.||


cjhuzkhf xU thfdj;ij> fl;llj;ij> nghUis thliff;F vLj;jiyAk;>

xU egiu $ypf;F mku;j;JtijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

,[huhTf;Fupa epge;jidfs;

1. ,U jug;gpdUk; rpj;j RthjPdKs;Nshuha; ,Uj;jy;.

2. gUt taij mile;jpUj;jy;.

3. cld;gbf;if gw;wp ,zf;fk; fhzg;gly;.

4. thliff;F tplg;gLk; nghUs; gw;wp njspthf mwpe;jpUj;jy;.

5. thliff;F tpLk; nghUis mjd; gad;ghLs;s epiyapy; ifaspf;Fk;

rf;jpiag; ngw;wpUj;jy;.

6. thliff;F tplg;gLk; nghUs; \uPmj;jpy; tpyf;fg;gl;ljhfNth nfhLg;gjw;F

flikahf;fg;gl;ljhfNth ,y;yhky; MFkhdjhf ,Uj;jy;.

7. thlif> gzg; ngWkjpAilajhfTk; njhif mwpag;gl;ljhfTk; ,Uj;jy;.

l my;-K]huMmy;-K]huMmy;-K]huMmy;-K]huMmy;-K]huM

xU K];ypk; jdf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd xU gapu; epyj;ij gy tiffspy; gad;gLj;j

KbAk;. mtu; tpUk;gpd;> jhNd mjpy; gapu; nra;a KbAk; my;yJ jd;dhy;

tptrhak; nra;a KbahJ vdf; fhZk; Ntisapy; NtnwhUtUf;F vt;tpj

,yhgKk; vjpu;ghuhJ me;epyj;ij ,utyhf nfhLj;Jjt KbAk;.

~~cq;fspy; xUtUf;F xU epyk; ,Ue;jhy; mjpy; gapupll;Lk; my;yJ mjid

jdJ rNfhjuDf;F toq;fl;Lk;.|| (G`hup)

xUtu; jdJ epyj;ij NtnwhUtUf;F tptrhak; nra;tjw;fhff; nfhLj;J

cld;gbf;ifapd; gb nkhj;j tpisr;rypy; Fwpf;fg;gl;l tpfpjhrhuj;ij ngwyhk;.

epyr; nrhe;jf;fhuu; tptrhapf;F tpijfs;> cgfuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwf; nfhLj;J

cjtyhk;. ,t;thW tptrhaj;jpy; <LgLjy; tptrhag; gq;Flik vd

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,t;tikg;gpd; mbg;gilapNyNa ifgu; gpuNjrj;jpy;

ifg;gw;wpa epyq;fis mq;F tho;e;j kf;fSf;Ff; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. mjhtJ

mtu;fs; gapupl;L tpisr;rypy; miuthrpia egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F nfhLg;gJ

vd;w epge;jidapd; Ngupy; me;epyq;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;ld. (K];ypk;)

,k;KiwapidNa fyPghf;fs;> gpd;te;j fhyq;fspYk; njhlu;e;J gpd;gw;wp te;jjhf

mwpQu;fs; fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shu;fs;.

[h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; epyj;jpd; xU gFjpapd; tpisr;riy epyr; nrhe;jf;fhuu;

ngWtjhfTk; kpFjpAs;s gFjpapd; tpisr;riy tptrhap ngWtjhfTk;

epge;jidapl;L my;yJ tpisr;rypy; Fwpj;j msT jhdpaj;ij epyr; nrhe;jf;fhuu;

ngWtjhf epge;jidapl;L epyj;ij tptrhak; nra;a toq;Fk; Kiwnahd;W

gpd;gw;wg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wk; xU rpyu; ,jidg; gpd;gw;Wfpd;whu;fs;. ,J mePjpahd

KiwahFk;. ,jdhy; tptrhap ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;whd;. tpisr;rYf;F Vw;g ,UtUk;

ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhy; ghjpg;gpUf;fhJ. mJNt ePjpahd Kiw. ,];yhk;

[h`pypa;ahf; fhy Kiwiaj; jLf;fpd;wJ.


gapu;r; nra;ifapy; <LgLk;NghJ epyr; nrhe;jf;fhuDk;> tptrhapAk; ngUk;

jd;ikAld; ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. tptrhap gapu;r; nra;ifapy; kpfTk;

mf;fiwAld; ele;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. epyr; nrhe;jf;fhud; kpff; $Ljyhd

gq;iff; Nfl;ff; $lhJ. ,U jug;gpdUf;Fkpilapy; md;ghjuTk;> ey;YwTk;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xUtu; jdJ epyj;ij thliff;F tplTk; KbAk;. ngUk;ghyhd mwpQu;fs;

,jid MFkhdJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;fs;. epyj;ij thliff;F tplf; $lhJ

vDk; fUj;jpy; tUk; `jP];fis itj;J thliff;F tpLtJ $lhJ vdf;

$Wk; mwpQu;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;.

l igcy; Km[;[y; my;yJ igcj; jf;]Pj;igcy; Km[;[y; my;yJ igcj; jf;]Pj;igcy; Km[;[y; my;yJ igcj; jf;]Pj;igcy; Km[;[y; my;yJ igcj; jf;]Pj;igcy; Km[;[y; my;yJ igcj; jf;]Pj;

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk; my;yJ jtiz mbg;gilapyhd

nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; tpahghuk;. ~~,t;tpahghuk; xg;ge;jj;jpy; nghUs; Kd;djhfTk;

mjw;Fupa ngWkjp gpd;dUk; toq;fg;gLtjhy; gpw;Nghlg;gl;l nfhLg;gdT

tpahghuk; vd toq;fg;gLfpwJ.|| ,t;tpahghuj;jpy; %d;W egu;fs; rk;ge;jg;gL

fpwhu;fs;. tpw;gidahsd;> nfhs;tdthsd;> jufu;. jufu; tpw;gidahsidAk;

nfhs;tdthsidAk; ,izg;gtuhf ,Ug;ghu;. nfhs;tdthsDf;fhf nghUspd;

tpiyia jufu; tpahghupf;F toq;Fthu;. gpd;du; mt;tpiyia tpl Nkyjpfkhd

njhifiaAk; Nru;j;J nfhs;tdthsdplk; jtiz mbg;gilapy; jufu; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;thu;. ,e;j tpahghu xg;ge;jj;jpy; nghUSf;fhd tpiy eilKiw tpiyapYk;

$bajhfNt fhzg;gLk;.

,t;tpahghuk; ehd;F kj;`GfisAk; rhu;e;j ngUk;ghd;ik mwpQu;fspd;

fUj;Jg;gb \uPMtpd; ghu;itapy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,jpy; ngwg;gLk;

Nkyjpf njhif `yhyhdJ vd;fpd;wdu;. ,jid etPd fhy mwpQu;fNshL

rl;lj;Jiw mikg;Gf;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sd. ,t;tpahghuk; khu;f;fj;jpy;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;lJ vd rl;l mwpQu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.

1. ~~my;yh ;̀ tpahghuj;ij MFkhf;fp itj;J tl;bia jLj;Jtpl;lhd;.|| (2:275)

,t;trdk; midj;J tifahd tpahghuj;ijANk Fwpf;fpd;wJ. cld; fhRf;F

nfhLj;jhYk;> jtizf; nfhLg;gdT mbg;gilapy; nfhLj;jhYk; mit

khu;f;fj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;litahFk;.

2. tpRthrk; nfhz;ltu;fNs> ePq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l jtiz tiu xUtUf;nfhUtu;

fld; nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy; nra;J nfhz;lhy; mij vOjpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.

(2:282)

gpw;Nghlg;gl;l nfhLg;gdT tpahguj;jpy; xg;ge;jk; ,lk;ngWk; ,lj;jpy; nghUspd;

ngWkjp ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl khl;lhJ. nghUs; khj;jpuk; ifkhw;wg;gLtjhy;

,jpy; xU tif fld; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. MfNt Nkw;gb

trdKk; fld; mbg;gilapyhd tpahghuj;ij mDkjpj;Js;sJ.

3. gpd;tUk; ̀ jP]{k; ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ~~ahuhtJ NguPj;jk; goj;ijf;

fldhff; nfhLj;jhy; mjid mtu; mwpag;gl;l msj;jy; my;yJ epWj;jy;

msitapy; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l fhyj;Jf;F fldhff; nfhLf;fTk;|| (K];ypk;).

,q;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; NguPj;jk; goj;ij tpahghug; gz;lq;fspy; xd;whfNt

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;. vdNt tu;zidf;F cl;glf; $ba msf;ff; $ba midj;Jg;

nghUl;fisAk; NguPj;jk; goj;Jld; vkf;F xg;GNehf;f KbAk;.


gpd;tUk; epge;jidfis gpw;Nghlg;gl;l nfhLg;gdT tpahghuk; ngw;wpUe;jhy;>

mt;tif tpahghuKk;> mjd; ,yhgKk; \uPMtpy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLk;.

1. Vkhw;W> Nkhrb> ngha; vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ePq;fg; ngw;witahf tpahghu

Kiwik mike;jpUj;jy;.

2. tpahghug; nghUs; \uPMtpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljha; ,Uj;jy;.

3. gzk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba fhy vy;iy tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;.

4. Efu;thsUf;Ff; nfhLg;gjw;F Kd;du; tpw;gidahsu; nghUisf;

ifNaw;wpUj;jy;.

,tw;NwhL nfhLf;fy;> thq;fypd;NghJ ,U rhuhUk; iff;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd

\upM nghJthf tpjpj;Js;s epge;jidfSk; mlq;Fk;.

l m];]k;]uhm];]k;]uhm];]k;]uhm];]k;]uhm];]k;]uh

,];yhj;jpy; jufuhf ,Ug;gjw;F jilNaJk; ,y;iy. ,J tpw;gtUf;Fk;

thq;FgtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU tifj; njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;JtJld; ,yhgfukhd

nfhLf;fy; thq;fYf;Fk; cjTfpd;wJ.

,khk;fshd ,g;D ]PuPd;> mjhc> ,g;wh`Pk;> my; ̀ ]d; Nghd;Nwhu; jufuhf

nraw;gLtjpYk; mjw;fhf xU njhifg; gzj;ijg; ngWtjpYk; vj;jifa

jtiwAk; fhztpy;iy vd ,khk; G`hup (u`;) mtu;fs; $Wfpd;whu;.

,g;D mg;gh]; (uop) mtu;fs; ~~,e;j Milia tpw;gid nra;a Ntz;ba

,d;d tpiyia tpl mjpf tpiyf;F tpw;gid nra;jhy; Nkyjpf njhif

ckf;FupajhFk;|| vd;W xUtu; ,d;ndhUtUf;F $Wtjpy; jtwpy;iy vd;fpwhu;.

MfNt xU jufu; Nritf;fhf xU fl;lzj;ijg; ngw KbAk; vd;gNj gykhd

fUj;jhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

l mj;j/kPd; (fhg;GWjp mikg;G)mj;j/kPd; (fhg;GWjp mikg;G)mj;j/kPd; (fhg;GWjp mikg;G)mj;j/kPd; (fhg;GWjp mikg;G)mj;j/kPd; (fhg;GWjp mikg;G)

,];yhkpa muR jdJ Ml;rpapd; epoypy; thOk; vy;yhg; gpui[fspdJk;

ghJfhg;Gf;F cj;juthjk; mspf;fpd;wJ. ,t;Tj;juthjk; r%ff; $l;Lg;

nghWg;gpD}lhfNth my;yJ ~igJy; khy;| vdg;gLk; jpiwNrup %ykhfNth

epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; igJy; khy; mikg;Ng ,];yhj;jpd;

fhg;GWjpf; fk;gdpahf nraw;glf; $bajhFk;.

,];yhkpa ehl;by; thOk; jdpegu;fSf;F mdu;j;jq;fs; Vw;gLk;NghJ mtu;fSf;F

ifnfhLj;J cjTtJ murpd; flikahFk;.

fld;gl;l epiyapy; cs;NshUf;Fk; ,];yhk; ]fhj;jpy; ,Ue;J xU tpN\l

njhifia toq;Ffpd;wJ. ]fhj;ijg; ngw jFjpAilNahupy; fld;gl;NlhUk;

xU gpuptpdu; vd;gjid ePq;fs; mwptPu;fs;. ,J jtpu ,d;Dk; gy mikg;Gf;fspd;

%ykhfTk; ,];yhk; kdpju;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;fpd;wJ.

,e;j tifapy; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy; rl;lq;fSf;F Kuz;glhj

tpjj;jpy; fhg;GWjp mikg;Gf;fisr; nraw;gLj;Jtjpy; jtwpy;iy. ,];yhj;jpd;

fhg;GWjp mikg;G vd;gJ xj;Jiog;G> $l;Lg; nghWg;G vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;

ed;nfhilfisg; ngw;W ,aq;Fk; xU eyd;Gup epWtdkhfNt ngUk;ghYk;

mikAk;.


MapDk; ,d;W eilKiwapy; cs;s etPd fhg;GWjp fk;gdpfSk; mtw;wpd;

nraw;ghLfSk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; mjd; mbg;gilfSf;Fk; Kuz;gl;ljhfNt

mike;Js;sd.

,jdhNyNa eilKiwapy; ehk; fhZk; MAs; fhg;GWjp cl;gl midj;J

tifahd etPd fhg;GWjp mikg;GfSk; ùhkhdit vd mwpQu;fs;

fUJfpd;wdu;. ~k[;kcy; gpf;`py; ,];yhkp| vDk; ,];yhkpa rl;l kd;wKk;

,j;jPu;g;igNa toq;fpAs;sJ. #Jf;Fupa gz;Gfs;> tl;b> gpwu; nry;tj;ij

vj;jifa gpujpaPLk; ,d;wp ngWk; epiy Mfpad etPd fhg;GWjpAld;

njhlu;Ggl;Ls;sd.

mj;NjhL nfhLf;fy;> thq;fypy; ,Uf;ff; $lhj kaf;fkhd> njsptw;w jd;ikfs;

fhg;GWjp xg;ge;jq;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;bUg;gjdhYk; ,t;tikg;Gfs; tpyf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.

MAs; fhg;GWjp mikg;G ngupastpy; ,];yhkpa rl;lj;Jld; Kuz;gLfpd;wJ.

Vida fhg;GWjp Kiwfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; (c-k;: mdu;j;jq;fSf;fhd

fhg;GWjp) mtw;iw rpy jpUj;jq;fs; nra;tjd; Clhf ,];yhkpa kag;gLj;j

KbAk;.

cjhuzkhf> etPd ,];yhkpa rl;l mwpQuhd fyhepjp a+Rg; my; fu;shtp>

mdu;j;jq;fs; kPjhd fhg;GWjpia ~e\;l<l;L epge;jidAld; $ba ed;nfhil|

vd;w mbg;gilapy; ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Nkw;nfhs;syhk; vd;fpwhu;. mjhtJ

xUtu; jdf;F xU (nghUs;) Mgj;J Vw;gLk;NghJ jdf;F Vw;gLk; ,og;gpd;

Rikia Fiwf;ff; $ba xU njhifiaj; jdf;F e\;l<lhfj; ju Ntz;Lk;

vDk; epge;jidapd; Ngupy; jdJ nfhLg;gdit fk;gdpf;F ed;nfhilahf

toq;Fthu;. me;jf; fk;gdp tl;b mikg;igj; jtpu;g;gjw;fhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

,f;fhg;GWjp Kiw \uPmj;Jf;F cld;ghlhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

l mu;u`;d; - (mlF itj;jy;)mu;u`;d; - (mlF itj;jy;)mu;u`;d; - (mlF itj;jy;)mu;u`;d; - (mlF itj;jy;)mu;u`;d; - (mlF itj;jy;)

fld; ngw;wtu;> jhd; ngw;w flDf;F <lhf fld; nfhLj;jtuplj;jpy; gzg;

ngWkjpAs;s xU nghUis itg;Gr; nra;tjid mlF my;yJ <Litj;jy;

vd toq;FfpNwhk;. ,jid ePq;fs; tpsf;fkhfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf Xu;

cjhuzj;ijj; jUfpd;Nwhk;.

xUtu; ,d;ndhUtuplkpUe;J xU njhifg; gzj;ij fldhfg; ngWfpd;whu;.

jhd; ngw;w flDf;F flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jk; tiu xU epyj;ijNah xU

kpUfj;ijNah tpl;L itf;fpwhu;. ,r;nraw;ghNl mlF itj;jy; vd toq;fg;

gLfpd;wJ.

mlF itj;jy; ,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,jw;Ff; fPo;tUk;

my;Fu;Md; trdk; Mjhukhf cs;sJ.

ePq;fs; gpuahzj;jpy; ,Ue;J (nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; nra;a) vOj;jhsidg;

ngwhtpl;lhy; (xU nghUis) <lhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.|| (2:283)

egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; ,t;tikg;ig mq;fPfupj;Js;sJld; md;dhu; xU

re;ju;g;gj;jpy; jd;Dila ftrj;ij xU a+jdplk; <Litj;J mtdplkpUe;J

czTg; nghUisg; ngw;Ws;shu;. (G`hup)

,t;tikg;G rl;lg+u;tkhdJ vd;gjpy; ,];yhkpa mwpQu;fs; Muk;g fhyk;

KjNy VNfhgpj;j fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;shu;fs;.


,t;tlF Kiw cld;gbf;if nry;Ygbahtjw;F> fPo;tUk; epge;jidfs; mikag;

ngwy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. rpj;j RthjPdk;

2. gUt taij mile;jpUj;jy;

3. mlF itf;fg;gLk; nghUs; my;yJ Mtzq;fs; cld;gbf;ifapd;NghJ

mq;F fhzg;gly;.

4. mg;nghUis> mlifg; ngWgtNuh my;yJ mtupd; gpujpepjpNah ifNaw;wy;.

mlF itj;jy; mikg;gpyhd cld;gbf;ifapd; Nehf;fk; flidj; jpUg;gpg;

ngWtjw;fhd cj;juthjj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNjad;wp mjd; %yk; ,yhgk;

<l;Ltjy;y. vdNt> mlifg; ngw;wtu; jd;dplk; mlfhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;s

nghUis gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. mt;thW mg;nghUspy; ,Ue;J ed;ikailtJ

nfhLj;j flDf;Fg; ngWk; gadhf miktjdhy; mJ tl;bahf khwptpLk;.

MapDk;> mlF itf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghUs; rthup nra;af; $ba xU gpuhzpahfNth

my;yJ ghy; Ruf;ff; $ba kpUfkhfNth ,Ue;jhy; mtw;wpw;F nrythFk; nry

tpdq;fSf;F <lhf mtw;iwf; nfhz;L ed;ikailayhk;. ,e;j tifapy;

Fjpiu> khL Nghd;witfshf ,Ue;jhy; Vwpr;rthup nra;aTk; ghuk; Vw;wTk;

Kb Ak;. gR> ML Nghd;witahf ,Ug;gpd; mtw;wpd; ghiyg; ngw mDkjp

cz;L.

mbg;gilapy; <l;Lg; nghUspd; gad;fs; midj;Jk; <Litj;jtDf;Ff; fpilf;f

Ntz;baitahFk;. me;j tifapy; mjd; tsu;r;rpapd; tpisTfs; midj;Jk;

mtDf;FupajhFk;.

NkYk; mlFg; nghUs; mlifg; ngw;wtdpd; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; mkhdpjkhFk;.

mg;nghUSf;F Vw;gLk; mopTk; NrjKk; mtdJ mj;JkPwypdhNyh mtdJ

ftdf; FiwtpdhNyh md;wp epfOkhapd; mjw;F mtd; nghWg;ghsp my;y.

fld; ngw;wtuhy; flidr; nrYj;j Kbahky; Ngha; tpl;lhy; mlFg; nghUs;

mlifg; ngw;wtDf;Fr; nrhe;jkhfptplhJ. ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; mg;nghUs; tpw;fg;gl;L

fld; njhif fld; nfhLj;jtUf;F toq;fg;gLk;. kPjk; ,Ue;jhy; mJ nghUspd;

nrhe;jf;fhuDf;F cupajhFk;.

flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd jtiz Fwpg;gplg;gl;L Fwpj;j jpfjpapy;

fld; nrYj;jg;glhjpUe;jhy; mlFg; nghUis tpw;gjw;F mlifg; ngw;wtDf;F

mDkjpAz;L. ,q;Fk; kPjp ,Ue;jhy; mJ nghUspd; nrhe;jf;fhuDf;FupajhFk;.

l my; tfhyh (Kftu; mikg;G)my; tfhyh (Kftu; mikg;G)my; tfhyh (Kftu; mikg;G)my; tfhyh (Kftu; mikg;G)my; tfhyh (Kftu; mikg;G)

my; tfhyh vd;w mwGg; gjj;jpw;F nghWg;Gr; rhl;ly;> xg;gilj;jy; vDk;

fUj;Jf;fs; cz;L. ,q;F tfhyh vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ> xUtu; jd;Dila

xU fhupaj;ij Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F jdJ rhu;gpy; kw;nwhUtiu epakpg;gjhFk;.

,t;tikg;G ,];yhj;jpd; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;whFk;. vy;NyhUf;Fk; jkJ vy;yhg;

nghUl;fisAk; NtiyfisAk; jhNk Kd;dpd;W Nkw;nfhs;sf; $bajhf

,Uf;fhJ. gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; xUtu; jdJ rpy nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F

gpwupd; cjtpia ehl Ntz;b tUk;. mt;Ntisfspy; nghWg;ig Vw;Nwhu;

Kftu;fshfNth gpujpepjpfshfNth epd;W mg;nghWg;Gf;fis epiwNtw;Wtu;.

,t;tikg;ig mq;fPfupf;Fk; gy rl;l trdq;fisf; fhz Kbfpd;wJ. xU


re;ju;g;gj;jpy; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; mg+ uhgp/ vDk; egpj; NjhoiuAk; xU

md;]hupiaAk; (tfPy;) nghWg;ghsu;fshf itj;J ik%dh (uop) mtu;fis

jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. NkYk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jd; rhu;gpy;

flid milj;jy;> jz;lidfis epiwNtw;wy; Nghd;w nghWg;Gf;fSf;fhf

gyiu epakpj;Js;shu;fs;.

,k;Kiw ,[;khc vDk; VNfhgpj;j mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;W te;Js;sJld; xU

tif xj;Jiog;G vd;gjdhy; ,t;tikg;G khu;f;fj;jpy; tuNtw;fj;jf;f xd;whfTk;

nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

~tfhyh| Kiw Xu; cld;gbf;if vd;gjhy; Vida tpahghu cld;gbf;iffSf;Fj;

Njitg;gLk; <[hg;> fg+y; Nghd;wd ,jw;Fk; mtrpakhdit.

,t;Tld;gbf;ifiar; nra;Jnfhz;l ,U jug;gpdUk; jhk; tpUk;gpa nghOJ

mjid thg]; ngWtjw;Fk;> Kwpg;gjw;Fk; cupik ngWtu;.

tfhyh mbg;gilapyhd Xu; cld;gbf;if epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fupa epge;jidfs;

cs;sd. me;epge;jidfspy; rpy nghWg;Gr; rhl;LgtUld; njhlu;ghditahFk;.

kw;Wk; rpy nghWg;G rhl;lg;gl;ltUld; njhlu;Gilait ahFk;.

nghWg;Gr; rhl;Lgtu; vjpy; mjidr; nra;fpd;whNuh mjidf; ifahs;tjw;F

g+uz cupikAilNahuha; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf> rpj;jRthjPdk;

mw;wtu; vt;tplaj;jpYk; vtiuAk; jd; rhu;gpy; epakpf;f cupik toq;fg;gLt

jpy;iy.

nghWg;Ngw;wtu; gpupj;jwpaf; $batuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. Fiw Gj;jpAila

tuhfNth> igj;jpaf;fhuuhfNth ,Uj;jy; $lhJ.

nghWg;Gr; rhl;lg;gLk; tplak; nghWg;Ngw;wtUf;Ff; Fwpg;ghfj; njupe;jpUj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> nghWg;Gr; rhl;lg;gl;ltNuh mjidg; nghJg;gilahf $wpapUg;

gpd; gpur;rpidahf mikahJ. cjhuzkhf xUtu; kw;nwhUtUf;F ~~vdJ

rhu;gpy; vdf;fhf eP tpUk;gpaij thq;fTk; || vd;Wk; Ntz;Ltjidf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

tfhyh mikg;G thq;Fjy;> tpw;wy;> thliff;F tply;> fld; nfhLj;jy;>

mjidj; jpUg;gpg;ngwy; ru;r;irfisj; jPu;j;jy;> rkhjhd eltbf;iffs; cl;gl

vy;yh tifahd cld;gbf;iffSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;> nry;YgbahFk;.

nghWg;Ngw;wtu; MzhfNth ngz;zhfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.

xUtu; jhd; epd;W Nkw;nfhs;sf; $ba midj;J eltbf;iffisAk; tfhyh

mbg;gilapy; gpwUf;Fg; nghWg;Gr; rhl;l KbAk;. ,J tfhyhTf;fhd xU

nghJ tpjpahFk;.

gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j Kbahj tplaq;fspy; tfhyh nry;YgbahfhJ. cjhuzkhf

njhOjy;> rj;jpak; nra;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis gpwiuf; nfhz;L nra;tpf;f

KbahJ.

fPo;tUk; epiyfspy; tfhyh cld;gbf;if fhyhtjp MFk;.

1. ,U jug;gpy; xUtu; kuzpj;jy; my;yJ rpj;jRthjpdj;ij ,oj;jy;.

2. tfhyh mbg;gilapy; mike;j Fwpj;j Ntiy Kbtiljy;.

3. nghWg;Gr; rhl;batu; nghWg;Ngw;wtiu nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePf;Fjy;.

4. nghWg;Ngw;wtu; jhNd nghWg;gpy; ,Ue;J ePq;fpf; nfhs;sy;.

5. nghWg;Gr; rhl;lg;gl;lJ nghWg;Gr; rhl;batupd; clikapy; ,Ue;J ePq;Fjy;.


l my; fu;o; (fld;)my; fu;o; (fld;)my; fu;o; (fld;)my; fu;o; (fld;)my; fu;o; (fld;)

fld; nfhLg;gJ Xu; cau;e;j ew;nrayhFk;. ~~xU K];ypk; kw;nwhU K];ypKf;F

,U jlitfs; fld; nfhLg;gJ xU jlit ju;kk; nra;tijg; Nghd;wjhFk;.||

(,g;D kh[h)

,];yhk; ahrfk; Nfl;gijj; jilnra;tJ Nghd;W fld; thq;Ftijj;

jLf;ftpy;iy. khwhf mjw;F mDkjp toq;Ffpd;wJ. fld; ngWk; eltbf;ifAk;

xU nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; eltbf;ifahff; nfhs;sg;gLtjdhy; mjpYk; <[hg;>

fg+y; mtrpa khdjhFk;.

gzj;ij khj;jpukd;wp Milfs;> kpUfq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; tpahghug; nghUl;fs;

cl;gl msit epWitf;F cl;gLj;jf; $batw;iwAk; fldhff; nfhLf;f

KbAk;.

fld; toq;FtJ xU tif cjtpAk;> xj;Jiog;GNkad;wp ciog;Gf;fhd

topay;y. vdNt fld; nfhLj;jtu; jhd; nfhLj;j msitNa fld;

thq;fpatuplkpUe;J jpUg;gpg; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;. nfhLj;j njhifia tpl $Ljyhf

jpUg;gpj; ju Ntz;Lnkd epge;jidapLtJk; vjpu;ghu;g;gJk; ùhkhFk;.

MapDk;> epge;jidaplg;glhj epiyapy; fld; ngw;wtu; jdJ RatpUg;gj;jpd;

Ngupy; flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jk;NghJ> ngw;w njhifia tpl $Ljyhff;

nfhLf;f mDkjpAz;L. mk;Nkyjpfj; njhifia fld; nfhLj;jtd; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;tJ gpioahdjy;y. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; jhd; ngw;w flidj; jpUg;gpr;

nrYj;Jk;NghJ ngw;w njhifia tpl $Ljyhff; nfhLf;ff; $batu;fshf

,Ue;Js;shu;fs;.

[hgpu; ,g;D mg;Jy;yh ;̀ mtu;fs; fPo;tUkhW $Wfpwhu;fs;: ~~my;yh ;̀Tila

J}ju; vdf;F ju Ntz;ba xU fld; ,Ue;jJ. md;dhu; mjid jpUg;gpr;

nrYj;jpaNjhL njhifiaf; $l;bAk; je;jhu;fs;.|| (G`hup> K];ypk;)

xUtu; jhd; ngw;w flid KbAkhd tiu mtrukhf jpUg;gpr; nrYj;JtNj

rpwe;jjhFk;. fld; cs;s epiyapy; kuzpg;gijapl;L egpatu;fs; gy

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; fLikahf vr;rupj;Js;shu;fs;. fld;fhuupd; [dh]h njhOifia

elhj;Jtjw;Fk; egpatu;fs; gpd;thq;fpAs;shu;fs;.

fld; ngw;wtu; flidr; nrYj;j KbahjthW neUf;fb epiyapy; ,Ug;gpd;

fld; nfhLj;jtu; mtUf;F mtfhrk; mspg;gJ tuNtw;fj;jf;f xU ew;fUkkhFk;.

flid ju;kk; nra;JtpLtJ mjid tpl NkyhdjhFk;.

~~md;wp fld; thq;fpatd; f\;lj;jpy; ,Ue;jhy; (mtDf;F) trjp Vw;gLk;

tiuapy; vjpu;ghu;j;J ,Uq;fs;. NkYk; (,jpy; cs;s ed;ik) ePq;fs;

mwpe;jtu;fshf ,Ue;jhy; mij mtUf;Nf ePq;fs; jhdk; nra;J tpLtJ

cq;fSf;F kpfTk; ed;ik gaf;Fk;.|| (2:280) vd my;Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

l thupRupikthupRupikthupRupikthupRupikthupRupik

nghUshjhu uPjpapyhd eltbf;iffspy; thupRupik njhlu;ghd tplak; kpf

Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ. thupRupik vd;gJ xU kdpjd; ,we;j gpd;du;

mtdJ nrhj;Jf;fs; ahu; ahiur; nrd;wila Ntz;Lk;? vd;ndd;d msTfspy;

nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;? vd;gij tpsf;Ffpd;w tplakhFk;.


cyfpy; gpwf;fpd;w kdpju;fs; xt;nthUtUk; VNjhnthU tifapy; jdf;Fk;

jdJ nghWg;gpy; cs;stu;fSf;Fk; Njitahd nghUl;fisj; Njbg; ngWt

Jz;L. jhd; Njbatw;wpy; xU rpW njhifiaNah my;yJ ngUk; njhifiaNah

jkJ re;jjpapdUf;F ngUk;ghYk; tpl;Lr; nry;tJz;L. ,r;nrhj;Jf;fisj;

jdJ FLk;gKk; ,dge;Jf;fSk; epahakhd Kiwapy; gfpu;e;J mDgtpf;f

Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtu;fspd; tpUg;gkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; eilKiw cyfpy;

,t;thwhd mde;jur; nrhj;Jf;fs; epahakhfg; gfpug;glhky; mtw;iw xU

rpyu; mgfupf;Fk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;thwhd epiy Vw;glhky; rl;lj;jpdhy;

mtu;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp mtw;iw epahakhd Kiwapy; gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;F

toptiffs; nra;tJ mtrpakhf cs;sJ.

Mjpfhyk; njhl;L ,Jtiu xt;nthU r%fKk; ,we;jtu;fs; tpl;Lr; nry;Yk;

nrhj;Jf;fs; VNjhnthU tifapy; gfpug;gl;L te;Js;sijf; fhzyhk;. cNuhku;>

fpNuf;fu;> [h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;Njhu;> ,e;Jf;fs;> K];ypk;fs; vd;Nghu;

,J njhlu;ghf gy;NtW tifapyhd rl;ljpl;lq;fisf; filg;gpbj;J te;Js;sdu;.

a+ju;fspd; thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpy; kuzpj;j xUtUf;F Mz; Foe;ij ,Uf;Fk;

gl;rj;jpy; ngz; Foe;ijfSf;Nfh> kidtpf;Nfh thupRr; nrhj;jpy; vj;jifa

gq;Fk; ,y;iy vdg; gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,NjNghd;W FLk;gj;jpy; %j;jtDf;F

,isa rNfhjudpd; ,U klq;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdg; gjpag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Mz; kfd; ,y;yhjtplj;J kfspd; kfDf;F mr;nrhj;Jf;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.

Mz; kf;fNs ,y;yhtpl;lhy; kfSf;F mr;nrhj;J toq;fg;gLk;.

[h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; Mz;gps;isf;F kl;LNk nrhj;Jupik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mjpYk; tPudhf ,Ug;gtDf;Nf Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;Jf;fspd;

nfhs;ifg;gb ngz;fSf;F nrhj;Jupik fpilahJ.

,t;thW tuyhw;W uPjpahf Nehf;Fk;NghJ nrhj;Jupik toq;FtjpYk; ghFghL

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;f Kbfpd;wJ. Mz;> ngz;> %j;jtd;> ,isatd;>

tPud;-Nfhio vd;w ghFghL gp;d;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sij fz;Lnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ.

FNuhjj;ijAk; Ntw;WikfisANk ,J Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wJ. ,J kl;Lkd;wp

nrhj;Jf; Ftpg;gjw;Fk; ,J toptFf;fpd;wJ. MfNt tuyhw;W uPjpahf Nehf;Fk;

NghJ ,];yhk; jtpu;e;j thupRupik njhlu;ghd Vida nfhs;iffs; gpur;rpid

fisNa Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd vd;gJ ,jd; %yk; cWjpahfpd;wJ.

,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lk; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l rl;lq;fisg; Nghd;W FWfpa

Nehf;fq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf mikatpy;iy. fPo;tUk; Fu;Md; trdk; mUsg;gl;lJ

Kjy; ngz;fSk;> rpWtu;fSk; FLk;gj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w cWg;gpdu;fs; midtUk;

jj;jkJ epyikfSf;F Vw;g nrhj;Jf;fspy; gq;FngWk; tha;g;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

~~ngw;whNuh neUq;fpa cwtpdNuh tpl;Lr; nrd;w nrhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;Fk;

ghfKz;L. (mjpypUe;J nrhj;J) Fiwthf ,Ue;jhYk; rup mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk;

rupNa. ,J my;yh`;tpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l ghfkhFk;.|| (4:7)

thupRupikr; rl;lk; njhlu;ghf Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; gq;F cz;L vd

Nkw;gb Fu;Md; trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Mz;fs; ngz;fis tpl nghWg;Gf;fis

Vw;Fk; tplaj;jpy; xUgb cau;e;jtu;fs; vDk; mbg;gilapy; ngz;fs; ngWk;

gq;if tpl Mz;fSf;F mjpf gq;Ffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd vd;gij fPo;tUk; trdk;

tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.


~~cq;fs; gps;isfspy; Xu; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gq;F

Nghd;wJ fpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;. ngz;fs;

kl;Lk; ,Ue;J mtu;fs; njhifapy; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy;

mtu;fSf;F ,we;JNghdtu; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; 2/3 ghfk; fpilf;Fk;. xU

ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mtupd; gq;F nrhj;jpy; ghjpahFk;.|| (4:11)

Kd;ida fhyq;fspYk;> etPd fhyq;fspYk; xUtupd; tsu;g;G kfd; mtuJ

nrhe;j kfdhff; fUjg;gl;L thupRupikr; nrhj;jpYk; gq;F ngWk; epiy

gpd;gw;wg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. tsu;g;G kfd; nrhe;j kfd; my;y vd;gij gpd;tUk;

trdk; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ.

~~(mt;thNw!) my;yh`; RtPfhug; gps;isfis cq;fSila Gjy;tu;fshf

Mf;ftpy;iy. tsu;g;G kfd; nrhe;j kfdhthd; vd;W $WtJ Nghd;W ,it

ahTk; cq;fSila tha;fshy; nrhy;Yk; ntWk; thu;j;ijfNsahFk;. my;yh ;̀

cz;ikiaNa $wpapUf;fpwhd;. ,d;Dk;> mtd; Neu;topiaf; fhl;Lfpwhd;.||

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpg; gy

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; $wpAs;shu;fs;. ,jw;F Mjhukhf gpd;tUk; `jP]; xd;iwf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;.

~~ePq;fs; thupRupikr; rl;lj;ijf; fw;W mtw;iw gpwUf;Ff; fw;gpg;gPu;fshf!

Vnddpy;> mJ mwptpd; xU ghjpahFk;. NkYk; ,f;fiy kwf;ff; $bajhFk;.

,JNt vdJ r%fj;jpy; ,Ue;J mfw;wg;gLk; Kjy; mk;rkhFk;. (,g;Dkh[h).

l thupRupikNahL njhlu;Gila rl;ljpl;lq;fs;thupRupikNahL njhlu;Gila rl;ljpl;lq;fs;thupRupikNahL njhlu;Gila rl;ljpl;lq;fs;thupRupikNahL njhlu;Gila rl;ljpl;lq;fs;thupRupikNahL njhlu;Gila rl;ljpl;lq;fs;

xUtu; jdJ kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd; tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;w nrhj;Jf;fs; thupRr; nrhj;Jf;fs;

vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;nrhj;Jf;fs; thupRjhuu;fspilNa gfpug;gl Kd;du;

mtw;wpypUe;J epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba rpy flikfs; cz;L. thupRr; rl;lq;fis

mwpa Kd;du; gpd;tUk; flikfs; gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;tJ mtrpakhFk;.

11111 [dh]hTf;Fupa flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;[dh]hTf;Fupa flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;[dh]hTf;Fupa flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;[dh]hTf;Fupa flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;[dh]hTf;Fupa flikfis epiwNtw;Wjy;

xU K];ypk; [dh]htpw;F Fspg;ghl;ly;> fgdply;> njhOtpj;jy;> mlf;fk;

nra;jy; vd;w ehd;F flikfs; cz;L> kuzpj;j xUtupd; nrhj;jpy; epiwNtw;w

Ntz;ba Kjd;ikahd flik ,JthFk;. [dh]hTf;Fupa flikfspy; Fiwfs;

Vw;glhj tifapYk; thupRfspd; cupikfis ghjpf;fhj tifapYk; ,jid

epiwNtw;w Ntz;Lk;.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . kuzpj;jtupd; fld;fis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;kuzpj;jtupd; fld;fis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;kuzpj;jtupd; fld;fis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;kuzpj;jtupd; fld;fis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;kuzpj;jtupd; fld;fis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;

kuzpj;jtupd; thupRr; nrhj;jpy; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba ,uz;lhtJ flik>

mtu; eptu;j;jpf;f Ntz;ba fld;fis toq;FtjhFk;. ,uz;L mbg;gilapyhd

fld;fs; kuzpj;j xUtUf;F ,Uf;fyhk;.

m) my;yh`;Tf;Fr; nrYj;j Ntz;ba fld;fs; (c-k;: ]fhj;> ej;u;>

fg;ghuh> gpj;ah)

M) kdpju;fSf;F fld;fs; gl;bUe;jhy; eptu;j;jpf;f Ntz;bait.


3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . t]pa;aj;ij epiwNtw;wy;t]pa;aj;ij epiwNtw;wy;t]pa;aj;ij epiwNtw;wy;t]pa;aj;ij epiwNtw;wy;t]pa;aj;ij epiwNtw;wy;

t]pa;aj; vd;gJ kuz rhrdk; my;yJ capiyf; Fwpf;Fk;. [dh]hTf;Fupa

nryTk;> flDk; Nghf nrhj;jpy; vQ;rpAs;sjpy; ,Ue;J kuzpj;jtupd; t]pa;aj;

epiwNtw;wg;gLk;. xUtu; jhd; ,we;j gpd;du; jdJ nrhj;jpy; ,d;ndhUtUf;F

toq;f Ntz;Lk; vdg; gzpg;gjw;Fupa mjp$ba vy;iy 1/3 MFk;. ,g;ghfj;Jf;F

Nky; nra;ag;gLk; t]pa;aj; nry;Ygbahfkhl;lhJ. ,J gw;wp ~~thupRfSf;F

gq;F fpilg;gJ fld;> t]pa;aj; Mfpad nfhLf;fg;gl;ljw;Fg; gpd;dNu MFk;.||

(4:11)

thupR nrhj;Jf;fhd epge;jidfs;thupR nrhj;Jf;fhd epge;jidfs;thupR nrhj;Jf;fhd epge;jidfs;thupR nrhj;Jf;fhd epge;jidfs;thupR nrhj;Jf;fhd epge;jidfs;

thupRr; nrhj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F gpd;tUk; epge;jidfs; my;yJ

\u;j;Jfs; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gpd;gw;wg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. K];ypikg; nghWj;jtiu

,J tplaj;jpy; njspthd Qhdk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

1. xU nrhj;J thupR nrhj;jhf fzpf;fg;gLtjw;F mjw;Fupa cupikahsd;

kuzkile;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. xUtu; fhzhky; Ngha; ePz;lfhyk; jpUk;gp

tuhjpUe;jhy; ePjpgjpapd; jPu;g;Gf;fika mtuJ nrhj;J thupRr; nrhj;jhff;

fUjg;gLk;.

2. nrhj;Jf;Fupatu; kuzpj;j Ntisapy; thupRf;fhud; capUld; ,Ug;gJ

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. xUtu; fhzhky; Ngha; mtu; jpUk;gp tUtJ

cWjpg;gLj;jg;glhky; tpl;lhy; mtUf;Fr; nrhj;J xJf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

jpUg;gp tu tha;g;gpUe;jhy; nrhj;ij Vw;f Ntz;Lk;. kuzk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lhy;

Vida thupRjhuu;fSf;F kj;jpapy; nrhj;ijg; gfpu;e;J tpLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

fu;g;gj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; rpRtpw;Fk; thupRg; gq;F xJf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ

,khk;fspd; fUj;jhFk;.

3. thupRr; nrhj;jpy; gq;Fngw jilahfTs;s ve;jnthU mk;rKk; ,y;yhJ

,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. thupRg; gq;ifg; ngw jFjpAs;s xUtd; mjidg; ngWtjw;F

gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; jilahf mike;J tplyhk;.

m) thuprhf ,Ug;gtu; nrhj;Jf;Fupatiuf; nfhiy nra;jy;. ~~nfhiy nra;jtu;

thuprhf khl;lhu;.||

M) kjNtWghL - xU K];ypk; fhgpupd; thuprhfTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ.

mNjNghd;W xU fhgpu; K];ypkpd; thuprhfTk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ~~K];ypk;

fhgpupd; thupry;y.||

,) mbikahf ,Uj;jy;.

l thupR nrhj;jpy; gq;F fpilg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;thupR nrhj;jpy; gq;F fpilg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;thupR nrhj;jpy; gq;F fpilg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;thupR nrhj;jpy; gq;F fpilg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;thupR nrhj;jpy; gq;F fpilg;gjw;fhd fhuzq;fs;

1. ,d ge;jj; njhlu;G: nrhj;ij tpl;Lr; nry;gtUf;Fk; thupRf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

FLk;g> ,uj;j cwT. (my; G&/> my; c]_y;> my;-`th\p)

2. jpUkzj; njhlu;G

3. mbik v[khd; njhlu;G


l thupRfspd; tpguKk; mtu;fspd; gpupTfSk;thupRfspd; tpguKk; mtu;fspd; gpupTfSk;thupRfspd; tpguKk; mtu;fspd; gpupTfSk;thupRfspd; tpguKk; mtu;fspd; gpupTfSk;thupRfspd; tpguKk; mtu;fspd; gpupTfSk;

kuzpj;j xUtupd; nrhj;Jf;fspy; cs;s flikfs; epiwNtw;wg;gl;ljd; gpd;

kPjKs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; mjidg; ngw jFjpAilatu;fs; kj;jpapy;

gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk;. thupR nrhj;J gfpug;gLk;NghJ midj;J thupR ngWgtu;fSk;

kuzpj;jtUNk njhlu;GgLj;jg;gLthu;fs;. thupRfs; %d;W gpupTfshf

tFf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;.

1 .1 .1 .1 .1 . m];`hGy; GW}y;m];`hGy; GW}y;m];`hGy; GW}y;m];`hGy; GW}y;m];`hGy; GW}y;

Fwpj;j xU gq;Ff;F cupj;Jilatu;fs; vd \uPmj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;stu;fNs

,tu;fshtu;. mjhtJ ,g;gpuptpy; gq;F ngWgtu;fs; gu;s; mbg;gilapy; gq;F

ngWgtu;fshff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdu;. kuzpj;jtupd; fztd;> kidtp> je;ij>

jha;> ghl;ld;> ghl;b> kfs;> kfdpd; kfs;> cld; gpwe;j rNfhjup> je;ij topr;

rNfhjup> jha; topr; rNfhjup> jha; topr; rNfhjud; ,tu;fs; ,g;gpuptpy;

mlq;Fthu;fs;. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;stu;fSf;F my;Fu;Md; my;yJ ]{d;dh

%yk; epu;zapf;fg;gl;l ghfq;fs; cz;L.

2 .2 .2 .2 .2 . m]ghf;fs;m]ghf;fs;m]ghf;fs;m]ghf;fs;m]ghf;fs;

Kjy; gpuptpdu; gq;Ffs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;lJ Nghf kPjKs;stw;iwg; ngw

jFjpahdtu;fs; ,tu;fshtu;. m]ghf;fs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;w ,tu;fs;

%d;W gpuptpdupy; mlq;Ftu;.

m) Neub m]ghf;fs;: kfd;khu;> kfDila kfd;> je;ij> ghl;ld;> rNfhjuu;fs;>

rNfhjuu;fSila Mz; kf;fs;> rpwpa ngupa je;ijfs;> mtu;fSila Mz;

kf;fs;.

M) gpwu; %yk; m]ghf;fshNthu;: kfDld; kfs;> kfDila kfDld;

kfDila kfs;> ,U top rNfhjuu;fSld; ,U top rNfhjup> je;ij top

rNfhjuu;fSld; je;ij top rNfhjup.

,) gpwUld; Nru;e;J m]ghf;fshNthu;: kuzpj;jtupd; kfSld; my;yJ

kuzpj;jtupd; kfDila kf;fSld; kuzpj;jtupd; rNfhjupfs; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ

mr;rNfhjupfs; mtu;fspd; m]ghf;fshf khwp gq;F ngWtu;.

3 .3 .3 .3 .3 . jtpy; mu;`hk; jtpy; mu;`hk; jtpy; mu;`hk; jtpy; mu;`hk; jtpy; mu;`hk; / my; mu;`hk; my; mu;`hk; my; mu;`hk; my; mu;`hk; my; mu;`hk;

nghJthf J}uj;J cwtpdu;fisNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ngUk;ghYk;

kuzpj;jtUf;Fk; jq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwit xU ngz; topahf

ngw;Wf;nfhs;NthNu ,g;gpuptpy; mlq;Ffpd;wdu;.

cjhuzk;: kfspd; gps;isfs;> rNfhjupfspd; Foe;ijfs;> nrhj;Jg; gpupg;gpd;

NghJ Kjypy; ~m];`hGy; GW}Yk;| mjpy; kPjKs;stw;wpy; ~m]ghf;fSk;|

mjd; gpd;dNu ~jtpy; mu;`hKk;| gq;Ffisg; ngWtu;.

gq;Ffspd; tpguk;gq;Ffspd; tpguk;gq;Ffspd; tpguk;gq;Ffspd; tpguk;gq;Ffspd; tpguk;

1. 1/4 ghfk; ngWNthu;: (2 Ngu;) fztd;> kidtp

2. 1/2 ghfk; ngWNthu;: (5 Ngu;) fztd;> kfs;> kfDila kfs;> cld; gpwe;j

rNfhjup> je;ij topr; rNfhjup

3. 1/8 ghfk; ngWNthu;: kidtp

4. 1/3 ghfk; ngWNthu;: (2 Ngu;) jha;> jha; topr; rNfhju> rNfhjupfs;

5. 1/6 ghfk; ngWNthu;: (7 Ngu;) je;ij> jha;> ghl;ld;> kfspd; kfs;>

je;ij top rNfhjup> ghl;b> jha; topr; rNfhjud;

my;yJ rNfhjup xUtu;.

6. 2/3 ghfk; ngWNthu;: kfs;khu;> kfdpd; kfs;khu;> ,Utopr; rNfhjupfs;.


l my; `[;g; - jilnra;jy;my; `[;g; - jilnra;jy;my; `[;g; - jilnra;jy;my; `[;g; - jilnra;jy;my; `[;g; - jilnra;jy;

thupRfs; jkf;Fupa gq;iff; Fiwthfg; ngWk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk;> Kw;whf

,of;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fSk; Vw;gLtJz;L. ,JNt `[;g; vdg;gLfpwJ. mjhtJ

thupRfshfr; rpyu; ,Ug;gjdhy; NtW rpyUf;F nrhj;jpy; gq;F ,y;yhkNyh

my;yJ Fiwe;Njh tUtjhFk;. ,t;thW gq;F ngw jilahf tUgtu; ~my;

`h[pg;| vd;Wk; jilnra;ag;gLgtu; ~k`;[_g;| vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLtu;. ,J

,U tifg;gLk;.

1. `[;Gd; Ef;]hd;: ,J rpyu; ,Ug;gjdhy; NtW rpyUf;F fpilf;f ,Ue;j

gq;F Kw;whf fpilf;fhky; Nghtijf; Fwpf;Fk;. cjhuzk;: fztd;> kidtp>

jha;

2. `[;Gy; `pu;khd;: rpyu; ,Ug;gjdhy; NtW rpyUf;F fpilf;f ,Ue;j gq;F

Kw;whff; fpilf;fhky; Nghtijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

k`;[_g;k`;[_g;k`;[_g;k`;[_g;k`;[_g; `h[pg;`h[pg;`h[pg;`h[pg;`h[pg;

1. ghl;ld; je;ij neUq;fpa ghl;ld;

2. ghl;b jha;> neUq;;fpa ghl;b

3. kfdpd; kfd; kfd;> neUq;fpa kfdpd; kfd;

4. cld; gpwe;j rNfhjud; kfd;> kfdpd; kfd;> je;ij> ghl;ld;

5. cld; gpwe;j rNfhjup je;ij> kfd;> kfdpd; kfd;.

l t]pa;aj; - kuz rhrdk; t]pa;aj; - kuz rhrdk; t]pa;aj; - kuz rhrdk; t]pa;aj; - kuz rhrdk; t]pa;aj; - kuz rhrdk; / capy; capy; capy; capy; capy;

xUtu; tpl;Lr; nry;fpd;w nrhj;Jf;fNshL njhlu;Gila kw;WNkhu; mk;rk;

t]pa;aj; MFk;. t]pa;aj; vd;gJ xUtu; jhd; kuzpj;j gpd; jdJ nrhj;jpy;

jhd; Fwpg;gpLNthUf;F toq;FkhW gzpg;gij Fwpf;Fk;. ,t;thW xUtu; t]pa;aj;

nra;jpUe;jhy; mtu; ,we;jjd; gpd; mjid epiwNtw;wp tpLtJ capUs;stu;fs;

kPJ flikahFk;. thupRr; nrhj;Jf;fs; gfpug;gl Kd;dNu t]pa;aj; epiw

Ntw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,jid my;Fu;Md; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;wJ.

(thupRfSf;Fg; gq;F fpilg;gJ) fld;> t]pa;aj; Mfpad nfhLf;fg;gl;ljw;Fg;

gpd;dNuahFk;.|| (4:11)

xUtu; jdJ nrhj;jpy; t]pa;aj; nra;tjhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjw;Fk; rl;l jpl;lq;fs;

Ngzg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. jdJ nrhj;jpy; 1/3 ghfj;jpw;F Nky; t]pa;aj; nra;tjw;F

vtUk; mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhu;fs;. ,jdhy; mtuJ nrhj;Jf;Fupatu;fs;

mde;juf;fhuu;fs; gpur;rpidg;gl Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. mNjNeuj;jpy; mde;juf;fhuu;

fSf;F t]pa;aj; nra;aTk; KbahJ. t]pa;aj; nra;gtu; mjidr; rhl;rpfNshL

nra;tNj rpwe;jJ. mjid vOj;J %yk; itg;gJk; rpwe;jjhFk;.



gb gb gb gb gb I ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhu Kiwapd; rpwg;gk;rq;fisAk; nghUsPl;lYf;F

,];yhk; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; tpsf;Fq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis ehd;F FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfspy;

xt;nthd;iw mf;FOf;fSf;F toq;fp mjpy; jfty; jpul;LkhW

topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

i) ,];yhk; ifj;njhopy;> Nritj; njhopYf;F nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;J

tq;fSk; xOq;FfSk;.

ii) r%f tho;Tld; njhlu;ghf nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fspy; Kohugh> Kuhg`h>

,[huh> K]huM gw;wpa tpsf;fk;.

iii) ,];yhk; jLj;Js;s nghUsPl;ly; Kiwfs;

iv) ,];yhkpa thupRupikr; rl;lj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fSk;> rl;ltpjpfSk;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FO rhu;ghfTk; xUtiu mioj;J jkJ FOtpdu; jpul;ba

jfty;fis itj;J xU njhFg;Giu toq;FkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV Kd;itf;fg;gl;l njhFg;Giufisr; RUf;fkhf vOjpf;nfhs;SkhW vy;yh

khztu;fSf;Fk; mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.


• a+Rg; my; fu;shtp (1986)> ,];yhj;jpy; `yhYk; ùhKk;> jp`hupa> Nu\;kh

gjpg;gfk;.

• f];]hyp K`k;kj; (2004)> ,];yhkpa xOf;f khz;Gfs;> nrd;id> ,yf;fpar;

Nrhiy gjpg;gfk;.

• ifUy; g\u; vk;.I. (2010)> khdpl ek;gpf;iffs;> nfhOk;G 12> mf;uh gjpg;gfk;.

• nra;apj; mGy; m/yh nksJ}jp> (1983)> nghUshjhug; gpur;rpid> nfhOk;G

09> ,yq;if [khmNj ,];yhkp ntspaPL>

• mfhu; K`k;kj; V.]P. (1996)> rd;khu;f;f rl;l tpsf;fq;fs;> NgUtiy>

my;fyk; gjpg;gfk;.

• K`k;kj; K[Pg; mg;Jy; moPk;> (2007)> KjyPl;L mbg;gilapyhd tpahghuk;>

NgUty> esPkpa;ah ,];yhkpa;h ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.

• mfhu; K`k;kj; V.]P. (1992)> ,];yhj;jpy; thupRupikr; rl;lk;> kùfk> Njrpa

fy;tp epWtfk;.

• md;rhu; vk;.I. (`p.1426)> nrhj;Jg; gq;fPL> mf;fiug;gw;W> ,];yhkpa miog;G

topfhl;ly; mikak;.

• Mjk; K ;̀apj;jPd; (2002)> \hgp< gpf;`pd; rl;lf; fsQ;rpak;> nra;Jq;f

ey;Y}u;> jhUy; G\;uh.

• ,];khapy; K`k;kj; v];.vr;.vk;. (1972)> K];ypk; thupRupikr; rl;lk;>

nrd;id> md]; Gf; nrd;lu;.

• md;tUj;jPd; V. (1987)> ,];yhk; ,ak;Gk; ghfg; gpuptpid> jQ;rht+u;> fh[pahu;

Gf; bg;Ngh.





Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 9.39.39.39.39.3 ::::: jtwhfg; Gupag;gl;l vz;zf;fUf;fisr; rupahf tpsq;fp

kw;wtu;fSf;Fj; njspTgLj;Jthu;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l gyjhukzk;> ngz;fs; epiy> Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;>

[p`hj; gw;wpa fUj;Jfs; jtwhf Kd;itf;fg;gLtjw;fhd

fhuzq;fis ,dq;fhz;ghu;.

l ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ,it rupahdit vd;gij

tuyhw ;WlDk;> eilKiw tho;TlDk; xg ;g pl ;L

Mjhuq;fSld; ep&gpg;ghu;.


l gyjhukzk;gyjhukzk;gyjhukzk;gyjhukzk;gyjhukzk;

l ,];yhk; kdpj ,ay;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd tho;f;if Kiwahf ,Ug;gjhy;

mjd; Nghjidfisr; nrtpNaw;Nghu;> thrpg;Nghu;> tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Nthu; mjd;ghy;

<u;f;fg;gLtu;. ,J tuyhw;wpy; njhlu;e;Jnfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,jidf; fz;L

nghwhikg;gLfpd;w my;yJ mjpu;r;rpailfpd;w kf;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;if

fisAk; eilKiwfisAk; jtwhf Kd;itj;Jk;> tpku;rpj;Jk; gpurhuk; nra;J

tUtijf; fhz;fpNwhk;.

l ,t;thW tpku;rdj;Jf;Fl;gl;l tplaq;fSs; gyjhukz KiwAk; xd;whFk;.

~Xu; Mz; rkfhyj;jpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fisr; rl;lg+u;tkhd kidtpauhf

itj;Jf; nfhs;tijNa gyjhukz Kiw vd toq;FfpNwhk;. ,ay;gpdhYk;

jtpu;f;f Kbahj fhuzpfshYk; Njhd;Wfpd;w gy;NtW #o;epiyfspy; mJ

jLf;f Kbahj xd;whf khwptpLfpwJ.

l ~~ngz;fspy; cq;fSf;F tpUg;gkhdtu;fis ,uz;buz;lhfNth> Kk;%d;whfNth>

ehd;F ehd;fhfNth ePq;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. mtu;fspilNa

ePq;fs; ePjpahf elf;f Kbahnjdg; gae;jhy; xU ngz;izj; jpUkzk;

nra;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;|| (4:3) vd;w my;Fu;Md; trdk;jhd; gyjhu kzj;Jf;fhd

mDkjpahff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ,t;thwhd xU kzKiw ,];yhj;jpdhy;jhd; Kd;itf;fg;gl;lnjdTk;> mJ

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd my;yJ ghy;epiy rkj;Jtj;Jf;F Kuzhd mk;rk; vdTk;

tpku;rpf;fg;gLfp;d;wJ. gyjhu kzj;ij ,];yhk; jhd; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ vd;w

fUj;J gpioahdJ.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fSf;F (fp.gp. 7Mk; E}w;whz;L) Kd;du; Njhd;wpa jPu;f;fjuprpfs;

-egpkhu;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l kidtpaiuf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;fs;- vd;gij

my;Fu;Mdpd; fUj;Jf;fs; ep&gpf;fpd;wd. jtpu> gy kd;du;fSk;> gpuGf;fSk;>

nry;te;ju;fSk;> gpuKfu;fSk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cj;jpNahfg+u;tkhfTk;> cj;jpNahfg;

gw;ww;w epiyapYk; gyjhuq;fis itj;jpUe;jhu;fs; vd;gij fijfs;>

,yf;fpaq;fs; kl;Lkd;wp tuyhWfSk; Fwpj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.


l ~~ehfupfkile;j rKjhaq;fs; gyjhu kzj;NjhL Muk;gpj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

cz;ikapy; me;j Kiw vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; vg;NghJNk ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpd;wJ.

mJ kpfr; nrhw;g tpjptpyf;Ffisf; nfhz;l xU rl;lkhFk;|| vd ~tpthfj;jpd;

gupzhkk;| vDk; E}ypy; vk;. nyl;yp lhNdh vd;gtu; ,jid tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lfpwhu;.

l ,];yhk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l [h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; mwG ehl;by; $l

gyjhukzk; tof;fpypUe;jJ. ~ehd; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;lNghJ vdf;F

vl;L kidtpau; ,Ue;jdu;| vd;W cikuh (uop) mtu;fSk;> jdf;Fg; gj;J

kidtpau; ,Ue;jdnud;W ifyhd; (uop) mtu;fSk; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;fs;. ,t;thW

NtW gy ]`hghf;fSk;> ]`hghf;fsy;yhNjhUk; gy kidtpaiu itj;jpUe;j

du;. ,it egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;J Kd;Ng cyfpy;

gyjhukzk; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ vd;gij ep&gpf;fpd;wd.

l ,];yhk; gyjhukzj;ij Cf;Ftpf;fTkpy;iy@ jilnra;aTkpy;iy. Vnddpy;>

r%f tho;tpy; mJ rpyNghJ Njitg;gLfpwJ@ rpyNghJ Njitaw;wjhf

mikfpwJ. jdpegu;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapYk; rpyUf;Fj; Njitg;gLfpwJ@

rpyUf;F Njitaw;wjhf mikfpwJ. Mjyhy;jhd; ,];yhk; gyjhukzj;ij

xU tpjpahf mikf;fhky; tpjptpyf;fhf mikj;Js;sJ vdyhk;.

l `p[;up ,uz;lhkhz;by; epfo;e;j c`Jg; Nghupy; Rkhu; vOgJ ]`hghf;fs;

\`Pjhdhu;fs;. ,];yhk; xU r%f mikg;ig cUthf;fp> mJ Foe;ijg;

gUtj;jpypUe;j xU fhyfl;lj;jpy; ,t;thwhd ,og;G gaq;fukhdjhfNt njupe;jJ.

tpjitaUk; mdhijaUk; jpifj;jdu;. ,e;jr; re;ju;g;gj;jpy;jhd; ,];yhk;

gyjhukzj;ijr; rl;lg+u;tkhf mDkjpj;jJ. mtu;fSf;F tho;tspf;Fk; tifapy;

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ]`hghf;fisj; J}z;bdhu;fs;. jhKk; tpjitaiu

kWkzk; nra;jhu;fs;. ,e;epfo;T mrhjhuz #o;epiyfspy;jhd; gyjhukzk;

,lk;ngWfpwJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l mrhjhuz #o;epiyfspy; vz;zpf;ifia ehd;fhf tiuaWj;Jk; rkepiy

Ngz Kbahj re;ju;g;gq;fspy; xd;whff; fl;Lg;gLj;jpAk; mikj;Js;sik>

,];yhk; Nghjpf;Fk; gyjhukzk; r%f NjitiaAk; epahaj;ijAk; mbg;gil

ahff; nfhz;lJ vd;gij vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l kWgf;fkhf> gyjhukzj;Jf;$lhf FLk;g> r%f jPikfs; ,lk;ngwf; $lhJ

vd;gjw;fhf rpy tiuaiwfisAk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. gyjhukzj;ij

- mrhjhuz #o;epiyapy; mDkjpj;jy;

- rpy epge;jidfspd; fPo; mDkjpj;jy;

- kidtpaiu ehd;fhff; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;

- kidtpaupilNa rkepiy Ngzy;

vd;wthW epge;jidapl;Ls;sJ.

l ,e;j ehd;F tiuaiwfisAk; Mokhf mtjhdpf;Fk;NghJ> gyjhukzk;

gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; Nehf;fk; njspthf tpsq;Fk;. vdNtjhd;> mDkjp toq;fpa

mNj re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ~mtu;fspilNa ePq;fs; ePjkhf elf;f Kbahnjdg; gae;jhy;

xU ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sq;fs; (4:3) vd;Wk; ~ePq;fs; vt;tsTjhd;

tpUk;gpdhYk; kidtpaupilNa rkepiyia toq;FtJ rhj;jpakhfhJ. mjdhy;

xUtu; gf;fk; Kw;wpYk; rha;e;J kw;wtiu me;juj;jpy; njhq;ftplg;gl;ltiug;

Nghd;W Mf;fptplhjPu;fs; (4:129) vd;Wk; mwpTWj;Jfpd;wJ.


l ~thypgu;fNs! cq;fspy; rf;jptha;e;jtu;fs; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhs;Sq;fs; (Gfhup)

vd;w `jP]py; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w rf;jp vd;gJ clw;gyk;> nghUshjhu gyk;

vd;gtw;iwf; Fwpg;gjhf rl;l mwpQu;fs; $Wtu;. xU kidtpia kzg;gjw;F

,it mtrpankdpd;> xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l kidtpaiu kzKbg;gjw;F Nkyjpfkhf

gyq;fs; Njit vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. mtw;Ws; kpf Kf;fpakhdJ ghugl;rk;

fhl;lhikahFk;. ,jid ed;F gf;Ftg;gl;ltu;fshyd;wp filg;gpbg;gJ

rpukkhdJ. tpUg;G ntWg;Gf;fSf;F ,lk; nfhLf;fhky; kidtpaupd; Njit>

ghJfhg;G>cly; cs eyd;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwr; rkepiyapy; toq;FtJ

,yFthdjy;y. mjdhy;jhd; gyjhukzk; r%fj;jpd; nghJtpjpahf mikahky;

rpyUf;F my;yJ rpy fhyfl;lq;fSf;fhd rpwg;G tpjpahf mike;Js;sJ

vdyhk;.

l Vw;fdNt $wg;gl;lJ Nghd;W Nghu;> mdu;j;jk; Nghd;w mrhjhuz #o;epiyapy;

tpjptpyf;fhf mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;iw nghJtpjpahff; fhl;b tpku;rpg;gJ

nghUj;jkhdjd;W. ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ fho;g;Gzu;T nfhz;ltu;fshy; jtwhd

Kiwapy; gpurhuk; nra;ag;gl;l fUj;Jf;fNs ,jidg; g+jhfhukhf ntspf;fhl;bd.

l K];ypk;fSf;Fg; ghYzu;T mjpfnkd;Wk;> Milfis mbf;fb khw;WtJ

Nghy ; kidtpaiu itj;Js;sdu ; vd ;Wk ; jtwhd fUj;Jf ;fs ;

Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. K];ypk;fSk; kdpju;fNs. vy;yh kdpju;fSf;Fk; xNu

tifahd N`hNkhd;fs;jhd; Ruf;fpd;wd. K];ypk;fs; Vidatu;fsplkpUe;J

NtWgLtJ nfhs;ifapy; kl;LNk. ngsjpf epiyapy; ve;j NtWghLkpy;iy.

,];yhk; kdpjdpd; ,ay;ghd ghYzu;itf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;s

jpUkzj;ij xOq;FgLj;jpAs;sJ. ,t;nthOq;F Kiwfs; Ngzg;glhj

r%fq;fspy; ghypay; td;KiwfSk;> ~~rpd;d tPl;Lr;|| rkhr;rhuq;fSk;

rl;luPjpapyikahj itg;ghl;bfSk; ghypay; njhopyhsu;fSk; vd gy jtwhd

khw;wPLfs; cUthfpAs;sd. ,jdhy; Vw;gLk; FLk;g> r%f jPikfspypUe;J

fhg;ghw;wNt ,];yhk; jpUkzj;ijAk;> gyjhukzj;ijAk; toq;fpAs;sJ.

l ,];yhk; gyjhukzj;Jf;F ,lkspj;Js;s mrhjhuz #o;epiyfis ,uz;lhf

tFj;Jf; $wyhk;.

1. r%f my;yJ nghJj; Njit

Nghu;> mdu;j;jq;fs; Nghd;w #o;epiyfshy; Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; njhif

mjpfupj;jy; ,jpy; Kf;fpakhdJ. ,e;jr; #o;epiy cyf kfhAj;j fhyq;fspy;

gy ehLfspy; Vw;gl;lJ. ,yq;ifapd; %d;W jrhg;j fhy Nghu;r; #o;epiyAk;

tpjitau;> mehijau;fis mjpfupf;fr; nra;Js;sJ. ,e;epiyikfspy; mehij>

tpjitaupd; nghUshjhuj; Njitfis rup nra;tjw;fhd epthuzq;fs;

XusthtJ fpilf;fpd;wd. Mdhy;> mtu;fspd; clypay;> cstpay; Njitfis

epiwNtw;Wfpd;w epthuzq;fs; fpilf;fg; ngWtjpy;iy. ,jdhy;jhd; FLk;g>

r%f jPikfs; tpiuthf Eioe;J tpLfpd;wd. xt;nthU ngz;Zk;> jdf;F

md;G fhl;b jd;kPJ mDjhgq; nfhz;L Gupe;Jzu;Tld; ele;Jnfhs;fpd;w>

Jd;gq;fisg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;Sk; cs;sq; nfhz;l xU Mizj; NjLfpd;whs;.

kzKbg;gjw;$lhf kl;LNk ,jid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;f KbAk;. ,jw;fhd

xU khw;W topahfNt ,];yhk; tpjth tpthfj;ij -gyjhu kzj;ij-

mDkjpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,J ngz;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;ghFk;.


2. jdpkdpj my;yJ rpwg;Gj; Njit

m) ,aw;ifahfNt rpy Mz;fs; mjpf ghY}f;fKilatu;fshf ,Ug;gu;.

mtu;fs; xU kidtpapd; %yk; jpUg;jpailahjNghJ NtW ngz;fisj;

NjLfpd;wdu;. ,J ghypay; njhopiy tsu;j;J tpLtNjhL gaq;fu

Neha;fSf;Fk; toptFf;fpd;wJ. ,jdhy; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; FLk;g>

r%f jPikfSf;F cl;gLfpd;wdu;. ,jpypUe;J ghJfhg;Gg; ngw gyjhukzk;

Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

M) ngz;fspd; khjhe;j mnrsfupag; gpurt fhyq;fs; jhk;gj;jpa cwTf;F

jilahf ,Ug;gjhYk; rpyu; ghypay; njhopyhsiu mZFfpwhu;fs;. ,jid

,];yhk; jilnra;tjhy; khw;wPlhf gyjhukzj;ij mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.

,) rpy kidtpau; epue;ju Nehahspfshf khWk;NghJ> mtu;fisf; fz;fhzpg;g

jw;Fk;> fztdJ flikfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;Fk; ,ayhj epiyf;F

cs;shfpd;wdu;. mt;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ngz;fisf; $ypf;fku;j;Jk;

NghJ jtW epfOk; tha;g;Gf;fs; jpwe;J tplg;gLfpd;wd. FLk;g r%f

jPikfs; cUthfpd;wd. ,tw;wpypUe;J jg;Gtjw;F gyjhukzk; khw;wPlhf

mikfpd;wJ.

<) rpy jk;gjpapdu; Foe;ijg; Ngwpd;wpf; ftiyg;gLtu;. kidtp fu;g;gkhf

khl;lhs; vdf; fz;lwpag;gLk;NghJ jdf;Fg; gps;isg; ghf;fpaj;ijj;

Njbf;nfhs;s kw;nwhU kidtpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJ jtwy;y. ,J> Foe;ijg;

Ngw;Wf;F topapy;yhj ngz;iz tpthf tpyf;Fr; nra;tij tpl>

gps;isfisj; jj;njLg;gij tpl> gps;isg; ghrj;ij kdjpy; mlf;fp

itg;gij tplr; rpwg;ghdjhFk;.

c) xUtu; mjpfkhd nrhj;Jf;fSf;F cupikahsuhf ,Uf;fyhk;. me;jr;

nry;tk; gyUf;Fk; gpupe;J nry;y ,J xU tha;g;ghf cs;sJ. thupRupik

ngWtjd; %yk; kidtpkhUk; gps;isfSk; fpl;ba cwtpdu;fSk; ,jd;

%yk; mjpf ed;ik ngWtu;. FLk;g r%f eyDf;Fk; cgfhukhf mikAk;.

l vtNdjhd;> ~gyjhukzKiw| Vfjhukz Kiwia tpl vt;tsNth rpwe;jJ.

mJ jhu;kPf uPjpapy; cau;e;jjhf ,Ug;gjhy; Vfjhu Kiwapd; ,lj;ijg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Snkd ̀ tyf; vyp]; (ghypaypd; csE}w;fiy gf;.502) vd;ghu;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

l Mz; ngz; ghyhUf;fpilNa ,aw;ifahd cwit cz;Lgz;Zk; gyjhu

Kiwf;Fj; jpUk;GtJ> tpgrhuk;> NkfNeha;> fUr;rpijT> rl;ltpNuhjkhf gpwf;Fk;

Foe;ijfspd; Jauq;fs;> Mz;-ngz; ghyhupd; rdj;njhif NtWghl;bd;

fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; tpthfkhfhj ngz;fspd; Jujp\;lk;> Nrhuj;jdk;> nghwhik

Kjyhd NfLfspypUe;J fhg;gjw;F nghUj;jkhdJ vd lhf;lu; Nynghd;

vd;ghu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.

l lhf;lu; mdpngh]d;l; mk;ikahu; Nkw;fj;jpa cyif ikag;gLj;jpf; fPo;tUkhW

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. Nkdhl;by; ntspg; ghu;itapy; Vfjhu KiwNa ,Ue;J

tUfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; mq;fpUg;gJ nghWg;gpypUe;J tpLgl;l gyjhu

KiwNaahFk;. MZf;F mYg;Gj; jl;baTld; itg;ghl;b iftplg;gLfpwhs;.

<w;wpy; njUtpy; miya Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gLfpd;wJ. mtsJ vjpu;fhyk;

gw;wp KjyhtJ fhjyDf;F ve;jg; nghWg;Gkpy;iy. gyjhukzk; eilKiw

apypUf;Fk; FLk;gnkhd;wpy; kidtpahfTk; jhahfTk; Mjupf;fg;gl;L tUk;

ngz;zpd; epiyia tpl ,tsJ epiy gy E}W klq;F NkhrkhdJ.


l Nkdhl;L efuj; njUf;fspy; ,utpy; Rw;wpj; jpupAk; Mapuf;fzf;fhd

Ju;g;ghf;fpaj;Jf;F cs;shd ngz;fisg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ> gyjhukz Kiwf;fhf

,];yhj;ijf; Fiw$Wk; mtu;fSf;F eh ,Uf;f KbahJ. fw;gopf;fg;gl;l>

rl;ltpNuhjkhd Foe;ijNahL njUf;fspy; iftplg;gl;L Mjupg;ghNuh milf;fyk;

nfhLg;ghNuh ,d;wp NghNthu; tUNthu; vy;NyhUf;Fk; ,iuahfp jha;ikia

,oe;J vy;NyhupdJk; epe;jidf;F cl;gl;L ,opthtij tpl> gyjhukzj;Jf;

Fl;gl;L xNu fztNdhL tho;e;J rl;lg+u;tkhd Foe;ijiaf; ifapy; jhq;fpf;

nfhz;L kupahijNahL thof; fpilg;gJ vt;tsNth NkyhdJ.

l ,];yhk; gyjhukzj;ij fl;lhag;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gijAk; tpjptpyf;fhd

re;ju;g;gq;fspy; khj;jpuk; mjid mDkjpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ vd;gijAk; mtjhdpf;Fk;

NghJ Fw;wk; Rkj;JNthupd; epiyg;ghL gpioahdJ vd;gijj; njupe;J

nfhs;fpNwhk;.

l [p`hj;[p`hj;[p`hj;[p`hj;[p`hj;

l gjtpsf;fk;: [{`;j;> [`j vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;Nj [p`hj; vd;w nrhy;

Njhd;wpAs;sJ. KOr; rf;jpiaAk; Mw;wiyAk; gpuNahfpj;J cupa ,yf;if

miljy; vDk; fUj;jpYk; Xu; ,yf;if miltjw;fhf jdJ rf;jp> jpwd;

midj;ijAk; gad;gLj;jy; vd;w fUj;jpYk; ,r;nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

l [p`hj; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fk; ù;g; vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghL:

nghJthf mwgpapy; ù;g;> fpjhy; vDk; nrhw;fs; Nghuhl;lk;> Aj;jk;> rz;il

vDk; fUj;Jf;fisf; nfhLg;gJz;L. [p`hj; vd;w nrhy;ypy; iffyg;G rz;il

vd;w fUj;J ,Ug;gpDk; Aj;jk; my;yJ rz;il [p`hjpd; xU topKiwNaad;wp

mJjhd; KOikahd tbtk; vd;gjhfhJ.

l Raeyk; my;yJ FWfpa cyfhaj Nehf;fk; Kjyhdtw;iwf; nfhz;l

Nghuhl;lq;fs; ~ù;g;| vd;w nrhy;ypdhy; milahsg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Mdhy;>

[p`hj; vd;w gjk; mt;thwd;W. mJ ,];yhj;jpd; jdpahd nkhop kuGr;

nrhy;yhFk;. md;W tof;fpypUe;j Aj;jj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;yhd ̀ u;g; vd;w

nrhy;Yf;Fg; gjpyhd [p`hj; vd;w nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lik ,uz;Lf;Fk;

,ilNa NtWghL ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;Wgfu;fpd;wJ.

l Fu;Mdpy; [p`hj; vd;w nrhy; ~gP ]gPypy;yh`;| vd;gijAk; ,izj;Nj mNef

,lq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fhd fhuzk; vy;yhtpj Raey Nehf;fq;

fspypUe;Jk; tpLgl;L csg;g+u;tkhf my;yh ;̀tpd; jpUg;jpia kl;Lk; ,yf;fhff;

nfhz;ljha; [p`hj; mika Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;.

~~vtu;fs; <khd; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whu;fNsh mtu;fs; ,iw topapy; NghuhLfpd;wdu;.

vtu;fs; epuhfupg;ghsu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdNuh mtu;fs; jh$j;jpd; (i\j;jhd;)

topapy; NghuhLfpd;wdu;.|| (4:76)

~~vtu; my;yh ;̀Tila khl;rpikia NkNyhq;fr; nra;tjw;fhfg; NghuhLfpd;whNuh

mtuJ Nghuhl;lNk ,iwtopapyike;j Nghuhl;lkhFk;|| (G`hup)

l ~~mj;JkPwy;fspypUe;J kf;fisg; ghJfhj;J r%f ePjpia cWjp nra;Ak;

tifapy; vtUf;Fk; mepahak; nra;ahkYk;> Aj;j kuGfis kPwhkYk;

my;yh ;̀tpd; fypkhit NkNyhq;fr; nra;tjw;fhf J}a vz;zj;Jld; my;yh ;̀

fhl;ba topepd;W xU K];ypk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; rfy Kaw;rpfisAk; [p`hj;

vd;gJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.


l [p`hj;> ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfshy; K];ypky;yhjtu;fspilNa kl;Lkd;wp

K];ypk;fspilNaAk; jg;ngz;zj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Ff; fhuzkhf mikAk;

tpjj;jpy; tpku;rpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Ug;gpDk; [p`hjpd; ,yl;rpaj;ijAk;> mjid

miltjw;fhf ,];yhk; tFj;Js;s xOq;FfisAk; mtjhdpg;gtu;fs;

[p`hJf;Fk; Vida Nghuhl;lq;fSf;FkpilNa NtWghLfs; ,Ug;gijAk;>

,];yhj;jpd; topapy; mikfpd;w [p`hj; epahaKk; ePjpAk; cilaJ vd;gijAk;

fz;Lnfhs;tu;.

l Nkw;gb [p`hj; gw;wp Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jg;ggpg;gpuhaq;fs;: ,J xU

gaq;futhjk;> td;Kiw> thshy; my;yJ mjpfhuj;jhy; ,];yhj;ijg; gug;Gjy;>

ehL gpbj;jy;> nrhj;Jf;fisr; #iwahLjy; my;yJ nfhs;isabj;jy;> gopthq;F

jy;> mj;JkPwy; vd gy;NtW tpjkhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lfshfr; Nrhbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

l rkhjhdk;> Aj;jk; vd;w tplaj;jpy; rkhjhdNk mbg;gilahdJ vd;gJk;

Aj;jk; tpjptpyf;fhdJ vd;gJNk ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghlhFk;. ,];yhk;

rkhjhdj;jpd; gf;fNk mjpfsT ehl;lk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;F fyhepjp

K];jgh m];-]pgh< jUk; tpsf;fk; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. ,];yhk; vd;w

ngau; rkhjhdk;> mikjp vdg; nghUs;gLk; ~]yhk;| vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J

gpwe;Js;sJ. ,];yhk; vd;gJ cs;sk;> capu;> cly; vd;gtw;why; rj;jpaj;Jf;Fk;

ey;ytw;Wf;Fk; mbgzptjhFk;. ,k;ikapYk; kWikapYk; rf;jpkpF my;yh ;̀Tf;F

mbgzptjhFk;. ~m];]yhk;| vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; mofpa jpUehkq;fSs;

xd;whFk;. K];ypk;fspd; Kfkd; ~~m];]yhK miyf;Fk;|| vd;gjhFk;. xt;nthU

K];ypKk; njhOifapd; mj;j`pa;ahj;jpy; egpatu;fs;> K];ypk;fs;>

ey;ybahu;fs; kPJ ]yhk; $wp> rkhjhdj;Jf;fhfg; gpuhj;jpf;fpd;whu;. mNjNghy

~]yhk;| vd;w thu;j;ijAlNdNa njhOif g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

njhOifapd; gpd;duhf k/]_uhd gpuhu;j;jidapYk; ]yhk; vd;w nrhy;Ny

Kd;Dupik ngw;Ws;sJ. kf;fhtpy; k];[pJy; ùkpd; thapy;fSs; xd;Wk;>

kjPdhtpy; k];[pJd; egtpapd; thapy;fSs; xd;Wk; ~ghG]; ]yhk;| (rkhjhd

Eiothapy;) vdg; ngauplg;gl;Ls;sd. cyfpy; my;yh`;Tf;F mbgzpe;J

tho;e;jtu;fSf;F kWikapy; fpilf;Fk; jq;Fkplk; ~jhU]; ]yhk;| (rkhjhd

,y;yk;) MFk;. Rtdj;jpd; KfkDk; ~]yhk;| vd;w thu;j;ijNa.

l my;Fu;Mdpd; trdq;fis Muha;e;J Nehf;fpdhy; ]py;k; (rkhjhdk;) vd;w

nrhy;Yk; mjpypUe;J gpupe;j nrhw;fSk; 133 ,lq;fspy; gpu];jhgpf;fg;gl;b

Ug;gijAk; ̀ u;g;-Nghu; vd;w nrhy; MNw MW ,lq;fspy; khj;jpuk; te;jpUg;gijAk;

fhzyhk;. ,jpypUe;J rkhjhdk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; rpe;jid kpfg; gykhdJ

vd;gJ njspthfp;d;wJ. ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wtjd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;

gyd; rhe;jpapd; ghijia miltNj vd Fu;Md; njspthff; $Wfpd;wJ.

~~epr;rakhf my;yh ;̀tplkpUe;J NgnuhspAk; njspTKs;s xU Ntjk; cq;fsplk;

te;jpUf;fpwJ. (cq;fspy;) vtu;fs; my;yh ;̀tpd; jpUg;nghUj;jj;ij ehb mjidg;

gpd;gw;Wfpd;whNuh mtu;fis mjd; %ykhf my;yh`; rkhjhdj;Jf; Fupa

topfspy; nrYj;Jfpd;whd;.|| (5: 15-16)

l egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; ]`hghf;fSk; kf;fhtpy; nrhy;nyhzhj; Jauq;fSf;F

cl;gl;l Ntisapy; nghWikiaf; iff;nfhs;SkhNw Fu;md; mtu;fisf;

Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. ]`hghf;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; vjpupfNshL NguhLNthk; vd

egp (]y;) mtu;fsplk; mDkjp Nfl;lNghJ> jhd; Nghuhl mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy

vdf; $wpdhu;fs;. kjPdhtpy; itj;J Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd mDkjp jhq;fpa

,iwtrdk; mUsg;gL Kd; mUsg;gl;l Rkhu; vOgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Fu;Md;

tdq;fs; Aj;jk; gw;wpg; NgrhjpUg;gjpypUe;J tpjptpyf;fhfNt ,];yhj;jpy;

Aj;jk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wik njspthfpd;wJ.


l kdpj tho;T> vd;Wk; xNu rPuhf miktjpy;iy. ,d;gk;> Jd;gk;> Vo;ik>

nry;tk; - trjp vd;gd khwp khwp te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,NjNghy; kdpju;fsJ

tpUg;G> ntWg;GfSk; khWe; jd;ik nfhz;litahf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jd; fhuzkhf

fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; Vw;gl;L xUtiu xUtu; vjpu;j;Jf; nfhs;tu;. ,t;ntjpu;g;Gfs;

midj;Jk; rkhjhdkhfNt KbtilAk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ. rpyNtis

fspy; ,g;gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;f;f Aj;jk; jtpu;f;f Kbahj xd;whf khwptpLk;.

,jdhy;jhd; rkhjhdj;ij typAWj;Jk; gpw Ntjq;fspy; $l Aj;jk;

mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gij fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. Aj;jj;jpdhy; jPikfs; khj;jpuk; tpisAk;

vd;wpUg;gpd; ,iw Ntjq;fs; xUNghJk; mjid mDkjpj;jpUf;fhJ. khw;wkhf

Aj;jk; kdpjdpd; Mf;fj;jpw;Fk; topaikg;gjhy;jhd; mJ xU r%ftpay;

Njitahff; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Fu;Mdpd; fUj;J ,jid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

~~kdpju;fspy; jPq;F nra;Ak; rpyiu mtu;fspd; rpyiuf; nfhz;Nl my;yh`;

jLf;fhtpl;lhy; ,g;g+kp mope;jpUf;Fk;.|| (2:251)

,t;trdk; kdpjdpd; r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; mtu;fspd; gz;ghl;L ehfupf

tpUj;jpf;Fk; Nghuhl;lk; rpyNghJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj xd;whfTk; mika KbAk;

vd vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. jPikiaj; jl;bf; Nfl;f xU FO ,Uf;f Ntz;baJk;>

mf;FO mj;jPa rf;jpia tpl gyk; kpf;fjha; ,Ug;gJk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

,];yhk; gy;NtW epahaq;fis mbg;gilahf itj;Nj [p`hij mDkjpf;

fpd;wJ.

1. ,];yhkpa j/thtpw;F topaikj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ.

2. td;Kiwfis mlf;f cjtp nra;tJ.

3. K];ypk;fsJ epy Gyq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ.

4. xLf;fg;gLk; kf;fis tpLtpg;gJ.

l ,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; ,lk;ngw;w Aj;jq;fs; jw;fhg;Gg; Nghu;fNsad;wp ,];yhj;ij

gyte;jkhf thshy; gug;Gtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l eltbf;iffsy;y. Nkw;gb

NghjidfSk; Aj;jq;fSf;Fupa fhuzq;fSk;> Aj;jk; ,lk;ngw;w KiwfSk;

,jid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

l K];ypk;fsJ gyk; Fiwe;j gilaikg;Gfs;> Ngzpa Aj;j ju;kq;fs;> ntw;wpapd;

gpd;du; ele;J nfhz;l Kiwfs;> [p`hjpd; cz;ikahd tbtj;ij vLj;Jf;

fhl;LtNjhL gpioahd fUj;Jf;fisAk; ePf;fp tpLfpd;wd.

l [p`hjpy; ntw;wp ngw;wjd; gpd;du; mjpfkhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; kd;dpg;G

toq;fg;gl;lij mwpe;Jnfhs;s Kbfpd;wJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kf;fh ntw;wpapd;

gpd;du; jdJ rpwpa je;ijapd; <uiyr; rg;gpj; Jg;gpa `pe;jhitf; $l

kd;dpj;jhu;fs;. ifjpfs; kdpjhgpkhd Kiwapy; elhj;jg;gl;lhu;fs;. gj;u; Aj;jf;

ifjpfSld; ele;Jnfhz;l Kiw ,jw;Fr; rpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

l jpk;kpfs; vy;yhtpjkhd cupikfisAk; ngw;W tho;e;jhu;fs;. ~~xU jpk;kpapd;

,uj;jk; K];ypkpd; ,uj;jj;jpw;Fr; rkdhdJ|| vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpaik

,];yhk; ve;jsT kdpjhgpkhd Kiwapy; ele;Jnfhs;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;

fhl;lhFk;. ,];yhk; $Wk; [p`hj; gaq;futhjkhfTk; epyj;ij Mf;fpukpg;gjhf

Tk;> gop thq;FtjhfTk; ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l gz;ghLfs;

Njhd;wpapUf;fhJ.


l K];ypk;fs; ehL gpbj;jy; nfhs;isapLjy;> ,];yhj;ij jpzpj;jy; vd;w

Nehf;fj;jpy; [p`hj; nra;jpUe;jhy; nrd;w ,lq;fspnyy;yhk; mtu;fs;

tuNtw;fg;gl;L nfsutpf;fg;gl;bUf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. `p[;up 13f;Fk; 100f;Fk;

,ilg;gl;l FWfpanjhU fhyg; gpuptpy; ,];yhk; Nkw;Nf gpudP]; kiyj;

njhlu; tiuAk;> fpof;Nf kj;jpahrpah> rPdg; ngUQ; Rtu; tiuAk;> njd;fpof;Nf

rpe;Jg; gpuNjrk; tiuAk; mNkhf tuNtw;igg; ngw;wpUf;fhJ. vy;yhg; gFjpfspYk;

tho;e;j cau; Fb kf;fnsy;yhk; K];ypk;fis tuNtw;Wf; nfsutpj;J

cgrupj;jhu;fs;. ,jw;nfy;yhk; fhuzk; K];ypk;fs; Vw;W tho;e;j ,];yhj;jpd;

rpwg;Gk; kfpikAkhFk;.

l cynfq;Fk; gue;J nrd;w K];ypk;fs;> kdpju;fis kdpj Neaj;Jld;

Nehf;fpdhu;fs;. vy;yh kdpju;fSk; xU Mj;khtpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;

vd;w rpe;jidAlNdNa ,Ue;jhu;fs;. kdpju;fSf;F kj;jpapy; ve;j NtWghLk;

fhz;gpf;fg;gltpy;iy. vy;yhtifapYk; r%f ePjpiag; Ngzpdhu;fs;. md;iwa

K];ypk;fs; MAj gyj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifia tpl my;yh`;tpd; kPJ

gykhd ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;jhu;fs;. mjpfhuj;ij nfhz;L ve;jnthU fhupak;

Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lhYk; mJ epiyj;jpUf;fg; Nghtjpy;iy. Nkiyj;Nja fPioj;Nja

ehLfspy; ,];yhk; ntFthf Nt&d;wpaikf;F mbg;gilf; fhuzk; mtu;fsplk;

fhzg;gl;l ,];yhkpag; gz;ghLfNsahFk;. kdpju;fis kjpj;J kdpjg; gz;NghL

mtu;fs; cwthbdhu;fs;. ,yq;if Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,];yhk; gutpa Kiwia

Muha;e;J ghu;g;gjD}lhf ,jid vspjpy; Gupe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

l K];ypk;fSk; K];ypky;yhNjhUk; [p`hj; vdf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ mtu;fsJ

kdf; fz; Kd; te;JtpLtJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lNkahFk;. ,J [p̀ hjpd; tiffspy;

jtpu;f;f KbahjNghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xd;whFk;. ,khk; ,g;Dy; ifapk;

mtu;fs; jdJ ~]hJy; kMj;| vd;w E}ypy; [p`hijg; gjpd;%d;W gpupTfshf

tifg;gLj;jpAs;shu;fs;. mtw;Ws; ehd;F tif cs;sj;Jld; rk;ge;jg;gl;lit.

,uz;L tif i\j;jhDf;nfjpuhdit. %d;W r%fj;jpy; vOk; mepahaj;Jf;F

vjpuhdit. vQ;rpa ehd;F tiffSk; epuhfupg;ghsu;fs;> eatQ;rfu;fSf;F

vjpuhf fuk;> ehT> gzk; vd;gtw;iw cgNahfpj;J Kd;ndLf;fg;gLgit vd

tifg;gLj;jpAs;shu;fs;. MfNt mwg; Nghu; vd;gJ [p̀ hjpd; gy;NtW tiffspy;

xd;W vd;gJ Nehf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

l Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;Fw;wKk; jz;lidAk;

l eilKiw cyfpYs;s Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs; rl;l ty;Ydu;fsJ tpjpfshfTk;

gpukhzq;fshfTk; cs;sd. ,it csg; gz;ghl;Lg; gapw;rpiaNah> r%f

rPu;jpUj;jg; ngWkhdq;fisNah Vw;gLj;jj; jtwpd. Fw;wq;fisg; gw;wpAk;>

mtw;wpd; jd;ikfs;> rl;l Mf;f cj;jpfs; vd;gd gw;wpAk; ftdk; nrYj;jpa

msTf;F mit Fw;wq;fSf;fhd jz;lidfis tFg;gjpNyh Fw;wq;fisr;

re;Njfkw epWt Kaw;rpg;gjpNyh mit mjpf fuprid fhl;Ltjpy;iy. rpyNghJ

Fw;wthspia thjj; jpwikahy; Rj;jthspahff; fhzf;$ba msTf;F

jho;e;JNghd gpukhzq;fisNa nfhz;Ls;sd. ,jdhy; r%f mopTk; rPu;FiyTNk

cUthfpd;wd. r%f tpNuhjpfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; epiyapy; mr;rl;lq;fs;

fhzg;gLfp;d;wd. ,jdhy; cyfj;jpy; r%f tpNuhjr; nray;fspy; <LgLgtu;fspd;

if Xq;fp r%f cupikfs; gwpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.


l ,];yhk; vy;yh epiyikfspYk; rpy mbg;gilfisg; ghJfhg;gjpYk;> mtw;iw

tsu;g;gjpYk; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. mit (jPd;) khu;f;fk;> nghUs;>

cly;> capu;> guk;giu> Gj;jp> khdk; vd;gdthFk;. ,it ghJfhf;fg;glhtpl;lhy;

xOq;fPdk;> mePjp> muh[fk; jiy J}f;fptpLk;. ,jdhy;jhd; ,];yhk; ,tw;iw

ghJfhg;gjpYk;> tsu;g;gjpYk; mjd; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ. ,];yhj;jpy;

Fw;wk; jz;lid gw;wpa Nfhl;ghLfSk; ,g;gpukhzq;fSf;fikaNt epWtg;

gl;Ls;sd.

l nghJthf Fw;wnkd;gJ> Fwpj;j rl;l tiuaiwfSf;F my;yJ cld;ghLfSf;F

fl;Lg;gl;L elg;gjhf cld;gl;l xUtu; mjid kPWtjidf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

mt;thW kPwpa xUtid Kd;ida epiyf;F nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

khw;W top my;yJ mj;jifa tiuaiwfspypUe;J r%fj;ijg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf

vLf;fg;gLfpd;w \uPmj; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w gupfhu eltbf;if jz;lid vd

miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; gUt taijaile;j> Gj;jp

RthjPdKs;s xUtu; my;yh ;̀Tk;> u]_Yk; tpjpj;j xd;iw tpLtJk;> jLj;j

xd;iwr; nra;tJk; Fw;wnkdf; Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jidr; r%ff;

fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLtjhapd; xU jdpegu; my;yJ xU FOtpdupd; ,d;ndhU

jdpegupd; my;yJ FOtpdu;> clYf;F my;yJ nrhj;Jf;fSf;F my;yJ

Ranfsutj;jpw;F gq;fNkw;gLj;jf; $ba tpjj;jpy; nraw;gLtijAk;> nraw;glj;

J}z;LtijAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd r%f tpNuhjr; nray;fspypUe;J

khu ;f ;fj ;ijAk ; jdpegu ;fisAk; r%fj ;ijAk ; ghJfhg ;gjw ;fhf

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w \uPmj; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w gupfhu eltbf;if jz;lid vd

miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

l ,];yhk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mbg;gilfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Fw;wq;fis tifg;

gLj;jp mtw;Wf;F kpfg; nghUj;jkhd jz;lidfis epu;zapj;J jdpegu;fisAk;

r%fj;ijAk; khu;f;fj;ijAk; ,];yhkpa muirAk; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ.

l Fw;wq;fs; ,];yhj;jpy; ~[uh,Ky; `{J}j;| jz;lidfs; tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

Fw;wq;fs;> ~[uh,Ky; fp]h]; tj;jpah| gopthq;fy;> e\;l<L ngwy; vDk;

jz;lidfisAila Fw;wq;fs;> ~j/]Pu;| Fw;wq;fs; my;yJ rhjhuz Fw;wq;fs;

vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. r%fk; vOe;J epw;Fk; mbg;gilfisg; NgZk;

tifapy; mjw;fhd jz;lidfisAk; ,];yhk; epu;zapj;Js;sJ.

l jz;lidfis toq;FKd; ,];yhk; rpy mbg;gilfisf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;fpwJ.

1. epu;zapf;fg;gLk; jz;lid Fw;wk; epfo Kd;du; jLf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

2. jz;lid kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

3. jz;lidfspd; NghJ Fw;wkpioj;jtdpd; gjtp> me;j];J Nghd;wdtw;iwg;

nghUl;gLj;jyhfhJ.

4. jz;lidfs; r%fg; ghJfhg;G> r%f epiyg;ghl;il ,yf;fhff; nfhz;bUj;jy;

Ntz;Lk;.

5. jz;lidfs; rl;luPjpahdjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

6. rhjhuz Fw;wq;fspd;NghJ jz;lidfs; Fw;wthspiag; nghWj;J NtWglyhk;.

,];yhkpa jz;lidfs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;tbg;gilfs; jtwhf tpsq;fg;

gl;Ls;sd. mit epahakhdJjhd; vd Cu;[pjg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Nghjpa

rhd;Wfs; cs;sd.


l ,];yhkpa jz;lidapd; Nehf;fq;fs;> ,yf;Ffs; mJ jtwhf tpsq;fg;

gl;Ls;sij ePf;fptpLk;.

1. mwpT Gfl;b> Neu;top fhl;b ey;y kdpju;fshf khw;Wjy;.

2. jPikfisf; fise;J r%f xOq;ifAk; ePjpiaAk; ghJfhj;jy;.

3. r%f> rPu;jpUj;jKk; fl;Lg;ghLk;

4. jdpkdpj> r%f cupikfisg; ghJfhj;jy;

5. kf;fis ed;ikapd;ghy; topelj;jYk; Rafl;Lg;ghl;ilAk; nghWg;Gzu;itAk;

Vw;gLj;jYk;.

6. Fw;wthspia ey;topg;gLj;jy;.

7. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Fw;wk; epfohky; jLj;jy;

8. nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;F $yp toq;fy;

,t;thwhd ,yf;Ffis mbg;gilahf itj;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,];yhk; jz;lid

fis mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjd; %yk; Fw;wk; epfohj #oy; xd;iw cUthf;f

Kaw;rpf;fpd;wJ.

l ,];yhkpa jz;lidfs; kpNyr;rj;jdkhdit> kpUfj;jdkhdit> kdpj

cupikfspy; jiyapLgit> nfhûkhdit vd;wthwhd Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fs;

njuptpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. cjhuzkhf tpgr;rhuk; Gupe;jtDf;F E}W firabfs;

my;yJ jpUkz Kbj;j tdhapd; fy;nywpe;J nfhy;yy;> kJ mUe;jpatDf;F

ehw;gJ firab> fsntLj;jtdpd; fuk; Jz;bf;fg;gLjy;> mtJ}W $wpatDf;F

vz;gJ firabfs; toq;Fjy;> kjk; khwpatDf;F vr;rupf;ifapd; gpd;du;

kuz jz;lid tpjpg;gJ Nghd;wit jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhz;Ls;sijf;

Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,tu;fs; ,e;jf; Fw;wq;fspd; %yk; r%fk; vOe;J epw;Fk;

mbg;gilfis mit vt;thW ghjpf;fpd;wd. vt;thwhd ghjf tpisTfis

mit cyfj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd vd;gij rpe;jpf;fj; jtWfpd;whu;fs;.

,j;jz;lidfis mKy;gLj;jhjjd; tpisthf Fw;wq;fisr; nra;Nthupd;

iffs; Xq;fp mJ r%fj;jpy; r%f> nghUshjhu> xOf;f> gz;ghl;Lr; rPuopTfis

Vw;gLj;jpapUg;gijf; fhzj; jtWfpd;whu;fs;.

l ,];yhkpa jz;lidfSf;fhd epahaq;fs;

1. ,];yhk; my;yh`;tpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l ,t;Tyfj;ijAk; kWikiaAk;

njhlu;GgLj;jpAs;s gupg+uz tho;f;ifj; jpl;lkhFk;. mjd; rl;l ahg;Gf;fs;

midj;Jk; <Uyfj;ijAk; njhlu;GgLj;jpaitahfTs;sjhy; ,t;tpuz;ilAk;

njhlu;GgLj;jp Muha;fpd;wtu;fSf;Nf mjid tpku;rpf;fyhk;. ntWkNd cyfj;ij

,yf;fhf itj;Jf; nfhz;L rpe;jpg;gtDf;F ,jd; mu;j;jNk Gupahky; NghFk;.

2. ,];yhk; vd;d Nehf;fq;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L jz;lidfis mKy;gLj;J

fpd;wNjh me;j Nehf;fq;fis milaf;$bajhf ,Ug;gjdhy; mJ epahakhd

jhFk;. ,];yhkpaj; jz;lidfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l egp (]y;) mtu;fsJk;>

Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fsJk; fhyq;fspYk; ,];yhkpaj; jz;lidfs;

mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; ehLfspYk; ,jidf; fz;Lnfhs;s Kbfp;d;wJ.

3. Fw;wq;fs; epfo;tijj; jLf;ff; $ba xU #oiy cUthf;fpajd; gpd;dNu

,];yhk; jz;lidfis mKy;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjd; ek;gpf;iff; Nfhl;ghLfs;>

r%f> nghUshjhu> murpay;> Md;kPf> xOf;fg; Nghjidfs; Fw;wk; epfohj


#o;epiyfis Vw;gLj;j topaikf;fpd;wd. ,jw;F cjhuzk:; jpUkzk;>

gyjhukzk; vd;gd tpgr;rhuj;ij jLf;Fk;@ ,];yhkpa cil Mz;-ngz;

njhlu;G rk;ge;jkhd xOq;Ffs; filg;gpbf;fg;gLk;NghJ mq;Nf jfhj

njhlu;Gfs;> elj;ijfs; Vw;gl tha;g;gpy;iy. ]fhj;> thupRupik> kuz rhrdk;>

]jfh> ]fhJy; gpj;u; mKyhFk; ,lj;jpy; fsT ,lk;ngWtjw;F tha;g;gpy;iy.

,];yhk; ,t;thwhdnjhU #oypNyNa jz;lidfis mKy;gLj;j Kidtjhy;

mJ epahakhdjhfTs;sJ. mjidj; jtwhfg; Gupe;Js;stu;fs; ,e;epahaj;ijr;

rPu;J}f;fpg; ghu;f;f Ntz;bAs;shu;fs;.

4. Fw;wk;> jz;lid gw;wp Kd;$l;bNa njspit ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;sJ. kpfj;

njspthd Kiwapy; ~[uh,Ky; `{J}j;|> ~[uh,Ky; fp]h]; tj;jpah| gw;wp

Fu;MdpYk;> ]{d;dhtpYk; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;w xU K];ypk;

,tw;iw Vw;W elg;gJ ,yFthfpd;wJ. ]`hghf;fs; ,jw;F cld;gl;lhu;fs;

vd;gij ]`hgpahd ~kh,];| vd;gtupd; tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

5. kWikapy; toq;Fk; jz;lidfis typAWj;Jtjd; Clhf csg; gf;Ftj;ij

,];yhk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd csg;gf;Ftk; cs;stu;fsplk; Fw;wq;fs;

epfo;tjw;fhd tha;g;gpUf;fhJ. kWikapd; jz;lidAld; xg;gpLk;NghJ cyfpay;

jz;lid mw;gkhdNj vd;w csg; gf;FtKs;stu;fshf egpj; Njhou;fs;

,Ue;jdhy;jhd; mtu;fsplkpUe;J Fw;wq;fs; epfo;tJ mupjhftpUe;jJ.

6. jz;lidfis toq;Ftjw;F ,];yhk; epge;jidfs; tpjpj;Js;sJ. Fw;wq;fs;

rhl;rpfSld; epWtg;gly; Ntz;Lk; my;yJ Fw;wthsp jhdhf Fw;wj;ij

xg;Gf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Fw;wk; ,iof;f epu;g;ge;jpf;fg;gl;bUf;ff; $lhJ. mwpT>

Rje;jpuk; cs;s epiyapy; Fw;wk; epfo;e;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Fw;wkpiof;Fk;

kdepiyapy; Fw;wj;ijr; nra;jpUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW tpjpf;fg;gLk; jz;lid

Mjhug+u; tkhdjhfTk; ju;f;f thjj;Jf;Fk; kjpEl;gkpf;f gFj;jwpTf;Fk;

nghUj;jkhfTk; ,Uf;FNkad;wp mJ vt;tpjkhd Fw;wtpay; nfhs;iffisAk;

jOtpajhfNth my;yJ xU Njrj;jpd; my;yJ jdpegupd; tpUg;G ntWg;Gfshy;

ghjpf;fg;gl;l jhfNth ,Uf;f khl;lhJ.

7. Fw;wk; epfo;e;j #oiyf; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L ,];yhkpaj; jz;lidfs;

mKy;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; mJ epahakhdjhfTs;sJ. fsntLj;jtdpd; ifiaj;

Jz;bf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gJ ,];yhkpaj; jz;lidahapDk; jpUlDf;Fj; jpUl;ilr;

nra;aj; J}z;baJ mtDila grpahftpUf;fyhk; vd;w re;Njfk; Vw;gLkhapd;

mtDf;F mj;jz;lid mspf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. cku; (uop) mtu;fs; grpapd;

fhuzkhf kf;fs; jpUlf; $Lk; vd;w re;Njfk; Vw;gl;ljhy; gQ;r fhyk;

xd;wpy; jpUl;Lf;Fupa jz;lidia epiwNtw;whJ tpl;lhu;. ,J ,];yhkpaj;

jz;lid vd;d ,yf;if mbg;gilahf itj;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;gjw;F rpwe;jNjhu; vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

8. ,];yhk; fz;%bj;jdkhfj; jz;lidfis mKy;gLj;j ,lkspg;gjpy;iy.

~~re;Njfj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; jz;lidfis epiwNtw;Wtijj; jtpu;e;J

nfhs;Sq;fs;|| ,jid cku; (uop) fhyj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;w xU tuyhw;Wr; rk;gtk;

njspthfg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ̀ hjpg; ,g;D mgP ghy;jMtplk; gzpGupe;j rpy

igad;fs; K];dh Fyj;ijr; Nru;e;j xUtupd; ngz; xl;lif xd;iwj; jpUb

tpl;ljhf cku; (uop) mtu;fsplk; Kiwg;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ. cku; (uop)

,jid tprhupj;jNghJ mg;igad;fs; jhk; jpUbajhf xg;Gf; nfhz;likahy;

mtu;fspd; iffisj; Jz;bf;FkhW jPu;g;gspj;jhu;. kWfzk; rw;W rpe;jpj;J

tpl;L ~~,iwtd; kPJ Mizahf ,g;igad;fis ePu; Ntiyf;fku;j;jp mtu;fisg;


gl;bdp Nghl;lijAk; mjd; fhuzkhf mtu;fs; mt;tpyf;fg;gl;l czitg;

Grpf;f ePu; fhuzkhapUe;jijAk; ehd; mwpe;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy; epr;rakhf ehd;

mtu;fspd; iffisj; Jz;bj;jpUg;Ngd;|| vdf; $wp mg;igad;fspd; v[khid

tpspj;J ~~,iwtd; kPJ Mizahf ehd; mtu;fSila ifiaj; Jz;bf;fhky;

tpl;likf;fhf ck;ikj; Jd;GWj;jf; $ba xU jz;lj;ij tpjpf;fg; NghfpNwd;||

vd;W $wp me;j xl;lifapd; tpiyiag; Nghy; ,U klq;ifj; jz;lkhfr;

nrYj;Jk;gb mg;igad;fspd; v[khdDf;F cj;jutpl;lhu;.||

xUtDf;F Fw;wr; nraiyr; nra;aj; J}z;Lk; xU re;ju;g;gkpUg;gpd; mtDf;F

jz;lid toq;fg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gij ,r;rk;gtk; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

9. Fwpg;gpl;l Fw;wr; nray;fSf;F kd;dpg;G toq;FtJk; jz;bf;fg;gLgtdpd;

FLk;g eydpy; ,];yhk; fhl;Lk; mf;fiw ,];yhkpaj; jz;lid nfhûkhdit

my;y vd;gij ep&gpf;fpd;wJ. jz;bf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; FLk;gq;fSf;F nghJ

epjpapypUe;J epjpAjtp toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

10.jdpegu; Rje;jpuk; vy;iyf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w nfhs;iff;F ,];yhkpaj;

jz;lid cjTtjhy; mJ epahakhdjhfTs;sJ. Vnddpy;> Fw;wkpiog;gtu;

fspd; ifNahq;fp> mtu;fs; fl;Lg;ghbd;wp ntWkNd tplg;gLtJ r%f ehrj;jpw;F

fhuzkhfpd;wJ.

11.egp (]y;) mtu;fsJ fhyj;jpYk;> Fyghcu; uh\pJ}d;fs; fhyj;jpYk;

jz;lidfs; kpff; FiwthfNt mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;F mbg;gilf;

fhuzq;fs; gy ,Uf;fpd;wd. xd;W ,];yhkpaj; jz;lidfs; Fw;wq;fs;

epfohky; ,Uf;ff; $ba #oiyf; nfhz;L te;jik. ,uz;L kf;fs; Fw;wq;fsp

ypUe;J tpLgtjw;fhd r%fr; #oy; cUthfpaik. eilKiwapYs;s jz;lid

Kiwfs; Fw;wq;fisj; J}z;bf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. mNj Neuj;jpy; Fw;wk;

epfo;tjw;fhd rfy thapy;fSk; jpwe;J nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

12.,];yhkpa tuyhw;wpy; jz;lidfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l tpjk; jz;lidfs;

nfhûkhditay;y vd;gijAk;> jz;lid toq;FtJjhd; ,];yhk; khu;f;fj;jpd;

Nehf;fky;y vd;gJk; cWjpahfpd;wJ. tpgr;rhuk; nra;j xU ngz; egp (]y;)

mtu;fsplk; te;J jdf;F jz;lid toq;FkhW Ntz;bdhs;. Foe;ijiag;

ngw;wjd; gpd;du; th vd mDg;gp itj;jhu;fs;. Foe;ij fpilj;jJk; mg;ngz;

kPz;Lk; te;jhs;. mjw;F egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ghY}l;bajd; gpd;du; th vd

mDg;gp itj;jhu;fs;. ,uz;L tUlq;fs; fope;J te;jjd; gpd;dNu mg;ngz;Zf;F

jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lJ.

,];yhj;ijAk;> mjdJ jz;lid KiwfisAk; jtwhfg; Gupe;J nfhz;ltu;fs;

mJ gw;wpj; jpwe;j kdJld; epahakhfr; rpe;jpg;gjD}lhf xU MNuhf;fpakhd

KbTf;F tuyhk; vd;gij Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l epahaq;fs; cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

l ngz;fs; epiyngz;fs; epiyngz;fs; epiyngz;fs; epiyngz;fs; epiy

l ngz;fs; rKjhaj;jpd; rhpghjpahff; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. Mjyhy; ve;jnthU

rKjhaKk; mth;fisg; Gwf;fzpf;fNth> mepahaj;Jf;Fl;gLj;jNth KbahJ.

mtu;fs; vz;zpf;ifapy; rhpghjpahff; fhzg;gl;lhYk; rKjhaj;jpy;

ey;yijNah> jPaijNah Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; mjp$ba gq;F mtu;fSf;F cz;L

vd;gij vtUk; kWf;f KbahJ.


l jha; xU ghlrhiyahths;. mtsJ rupahd epUthfj;jpd; %yk; rpwe;j

tpOkpaq;fisf; nfhz;l xU guk;giuiaNa cUthf;fp tpLfpwhs; vd;W

xU ftpQd; ghLfpwhd;.

l ,d;W nghJthf> mwpQh;fs;> rpe;jidahsh;fs;> rPh;j;jpUj;jthjpfs;> Nghjfh;fs;>

jiyth;fs; cs;spl;l vy;NyhUNk ngz;fspd; me;j];J> fz;zpak;>

rKjhaj;jpy; mth;fspd; epiy> mth;fSf;F ,iof;fg;gLk; nfhLikfs;>

ghy;epiyr; rkj;Jtk; vd gy;NtW jiyg;Gfspy; NgrpAk; vOjpAk; fUj;Jg;

ghpkhwpAk; Muha;r;rp nra;Jk; tUfpwhh;fs;.

l fp.gp 586 ,y; $ba xU khehL> ngz;fis kdpjh;fshff; nfhs;tjh>

gpuhzpahf Vw;gjh vd thjpl;L> mts; Mz;fSf;Fg; gzpnra;tjw;fhf

gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpjg; gpwtp vd;w jPu;khdj;Jf;F te;jJ. 1995 ,y; gP[pq;

efhpy; ,lk;ngw;w khehL ngz;fs; gw;wpa ru;r;irfisNa gupkhwpaJ.

l tuyhw;wpy; ntt;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ngz;fs; vt;thW Nehf;fg;gl;ldu;

vd;gij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjd; %yNk ,];yhk; mtu;fSf;F toq;fpa cah;

me;j];jpd; kfj;Jtj;ijj; njspthf tpsq;f KbAk;.

,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;,];yhj;jpd; tUiff;F Kd;

l RNkhpah;> Xh; Mz; jpUbdhy; mtDf;Fhpa jz;lidia nkypdkhf

toq;fpdu;;. ngz; jd;Dila fztdpd; nghUisj; jpUbdhw; $l fLikahd

jz;lid toq;fpdh;. rpyNghJ mtsJ %f;if ntl;b vwpe;jdu;.

l nkrgNjkpah;> fUr;rpijtpd; gpd;dh; xU ngz; capUldpUe;jhYk; rhp>

capuw;wpUe;jhYk; rhp fOkuj;jpy; Vw;wpdhu;fNs jtpu G+kpapy; mtisg;

Gijf;ftpy;iy.

l fpNuf;fh;> jl;LKl;Lr; rkhd;fis thq;FtJ> tpw;gJ Nghy ngz;fis

elj;jpdh;. kpUfq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhfg; ghpkhwg;gLk; xd;;whfNt fUjpdh;.

l cNuhku; ngz;fSf;F vj;jifa kjpg;Gk; nfhLf;ftpy;iy. mtu;fs; ePjp

Nfhhp ve;j ePjpkd;wj;Jf;Fk; nry;y Kbatpy;iy. jpUkzj;jpd; gpd;dh;

mtsJ nrhj;Jf;fs; ahTk; fztdpd; mjpfhuj;Jf;Fl;gl;ld. mts; Rakhf

ciof;fNth> nrhj;Jf;fis thq;fNth> fhf;fNth> tpw;fNth> cld;gbf;if

fspy; <LglNth mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.

l ,e;jpah;> ngz;fis kuzk;> eQ;R> neUg;G> eufk;> njhw;WNeha;> ehfk;

vd;gtw;iw tplf; nfhbajhf vz;zpdh;. fztd; rpijapy; vhpAk; NghJ

me;j neUg;Gf; Fz;lj;jpy; mtisAk; vwpe;jdh;.

l Kd;ida fpwp];jth; ngz;fis eufj;jpd; thapy;fs; vd;Wk;> i\j;jhdpd;

Kjy; cUtnkd;Wk;> jPikfspd; md;id vd;Wk;> nfhl;lj;jahuhf epw;Fk;

Njs; vd;Wk; fUjp te;jdh;.

l mNugpah;> ngz;fisg; Nkhfg; nghUshfTk;> tpahghug; gz;lkhfTk; fUjpdh;.

ngz; Foe;ijfis capUld; Gijj;jdh;. mth;fSf;F ve;j chpikiaAk;

toq;ftpy;iy.

l ,j;jifa gpd;dzpapy;jhd; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,];yhj;ijf; nfhz;L

te;jhh;fs;. mJ ngz;fisf; fz;zpag;gLj;jpaJ. mth;fis kdpjh;fshff;

fhz;gpj;jJ. Mz;fSf;Fg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; chpikfis toq;fpaJ.

,];yhk; ngz;fis xU NghJk; fz;zpaf;Fiwthfg; Ngrpajpy;iy.


Mz;fspd; Efh;Tg; nghUshfNth> mbikahfNth Nehf;ftpy;iy. MZf;Fupa

mNj fz;zpaj;ijg; ngz;fSf;Fk; toq;fpaJ.

1 xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J Njhd;wpatu;fs;;1 xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J Njhd;wpatu;fs;;1 xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J Njhd;wpatu;fs;;1 xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J Njhd;wpatu;fs;;1 xNu Mj;khtpypUe;J Njhd;wpatu;fs;;

l Mz;> ngz; Mfpa ,U ghyhUk; xNu %yj;jpypUe;J te;jth;fs;. kdpjd;

vd;w tifapYk; nghWg;Gf;fisr; Rke;jth;fs; vd;w tifapYk; ew;$ypiag;

ngWtjpYk; mtu;fs; rkkhdth;fshth;. ~~kdpjh;fNs! ePq;fs; cq;fs;

,iwtDf;Fg; gae;J ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mtd; cq;fs; ahtiuAk; xNu

Mj;khtpypUe;J gilj;jhd;. (Muk;gj;jpy; me;j xUtiug; gilj;J)

mthpypUe;J mtUila kidtpia gilj;jhd;. gpd;G mt;tpUtupYkpUe;J

mNdf Mz;fisAk; ngz;fisAk; (ntspg;gLj;jpg;) gutr;nra;jhd;. MfNt

me;j my;yh`;Tf;F ePq;fs; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;|| (4:1) kf;fs; Mz; ngz;

vd NtWgl;bUe;jhYk; ,UtiuAk; xNu Md;khtpypUe;Nj gilj;jhd;. Mjyhy;

xUthpy; kw;wth; epiwT ngWfpwhh;. ~~xNu kdpjupypUe;J cq;fisg;

gilj;jtd; mtd;jhd;. mtUld; Rfkhf $b tho;tjw;fhf mtUila

kidtpia mthpypUe;Nj cw;gj;jp nra;jhd;.|| (7:189) kdpj ,dj;jpd; Njhw;wk;

Xh; Mz; xU ngz;zpypUe;J Njhd;wpajhFk;. vy;NyhUk; xNu ,ul;rfdpd;

mbikfs; vd;w rNfhjuj;Jtk; midtiuAk; gpizj;J tpLfpwJ. ,jdhy;

ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; Nrh;e;J tho Ntz;Lk; vd my;Fh;Md; gzpf;fpd;wJ.

Mz;> ngz;zpd; rNfhjudhthd;. ngz;> Mzpd; rNfhjhp Mths;. ~~epr;rakhf

ngz;fs; Mz;fspd; cw;w rNfhjuq;fshth;.|| (m`;kj;)

2. khh;f;fk;> tzf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtk2. khh;f;fk;> tzf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtk2. khh;f;fk;> tzf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtk2. khh;f;fk;> tzf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtk2. khh;f;fk;> tzf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; rkj;Jtk;.

l epr;rakhf K];ypkhd Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> tpRthrpfshd Mz;fSk;

ngz;fSk;> (,iwtDf;F) topgLk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> cz;ikNa

$Wk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> jhdk; nra;Ak; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> Nehd;G

Nehw;Fk; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;> jq;fs; fw;igf; fhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Mz;fSk;

ngz;fSk;> my;yh`;it mjpfkhfj; Jjp nra;Ak; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;

-Mfpa ,th;fSf;F my;yh`; kd;dpg;igAk; kfj;jhd $ypiaAk;

itj;jpUf;fpwhd;. (33:35)

l Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; jho;e;jth;fsy;yh;@ ,U ghyhUk; rkkhdth;fNs

vd;gij ,e;j trdk; czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

3. r%fg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; rkj;Jtk;3. r%fg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; rkj;Jtk;3. r%fg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; rkj;Jtk;3. r%fg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; rkj;Jtk;3. r%fg; nghWg;Gf;fspy; rkj;Jtk;

lllll tpRthrk; nfhz;l Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; jhk; (jq;fSf;Fs;) xUtUf;nfhUth;

cw;w ez;gh;fshapUf;fpd;wdh;. mth;fs; ed;ik nra;Ak;gb J}z;bAk;>

ghtk; nra;ahJ jLj;Jk; njhOifiaf; filg;gpbj;J ]fhj;Jf; nfhLj;Jk;

tUthh;fs;. my;yh`;Tf;Fk; mtd; J}jUf;Fk; topgl;L elg;ghh;fs; (9:71).

ngz;fs; ghtj;jpd; tpj;J vd;Nwh> jPikapd; gpwg;gplnkd;Nwh> Mz;fs; nfL

tjw;F ngz;fNs fhuzk; vd;Nwh rpyh; fUJtJ Nghy ,];yhk; $wtpy;iy.

Kjw;ngz; `t;thtpd; J}z;LjyhNyNa jLf;fg;gl;lij Mjk; rhg;gpl;lhh;

vd;gh;. Mdhy; ,UtUk; Nrh;e;J rhg;gpl;ljw;fhfNt ,UtUk; ghtkd;dpg;Gf;

Nfl;ldh;. ,jid my;Fh;Md;> ~~vq;fs; ,ul;rfNd ehq;fNs vq;fSf;F

jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhz;Nlhk;. eP vq;fis kd;dpj;J vq;fSf;F mUs;Ghpahtpl;lhy;

epr;rakhf ehq;fs; el;lkile;jth;fshNthk;.|| (7:23) vd;W $WtJ me;jg;

ghtj;jpy; ,UtUf;Fk; gq;Fz;L vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;LfpwJ.


4. ew;$yp ngWtjpYk; Rtdj;ij miltjpYk; rk chpik.. ew;$yp ngWtjpYk; Rtdj;ij miltjpYk; rk chpik.. ew;$yp ngWtjpYk; Rtdj;ij miltjpYk; rk chpik.. ew;$yp ngWtjpYk; Rtdj;ij miltjpYk; rk chpik.. ew;$yp ngWtjpYk; Rtdj;ij miltjpYk; rk chpik.

l cq;fspy; MNzh> ngz;Nzh vth;fs; ed;ik nra;j NghjpYk; epr;rakhf

mij ehd; tPzhf;fptpl khl;Nld;. (3:95> 16:97>4:124)

l xg;ge;jq;fs; nra;tjw;Fk;> KjyPL nra;tjw;Fk;> ciog;gjw;Fk;> ciog;gij

jkf;nfd itj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtSf;F chpikAz;L.

l ,];yhk; ngz;fis cah; epiyapy; itj;J Nehf;FfpwJ. egp (]y;)

mth;fs; etpd;whh;fs;. ~~cyfk; KOtJk; ,d;gk; jUk; nghUshFk;.

mtw;Ws; jiy rpwe;jJ ey;y ngz;zhths;|| (K];ypk;)

kdpj ,dj;ij ngUfr; nra;jy;kdpj ,dj;ij ngUfr; nra;jy;kdpj ,dj;ij ngUfr; nra;jy;kdpj ,dj;ij ngUfr; nra;jy;kdpj ,dj;ij ngUfr; nra;jy;

l Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSf;Fk; ,jpy; gq;Fz;L vd;gjhy; Kw;wpYk;

MZf;Fr; rkkhdtshfpwhs;. kidtpapd; flik fztdpd; flikf;Fr;

risj;jjy;y.

fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;

l fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; Mz;fisg; Nghd;Nw ngz;fSk;

rkkhdth;fs;. mwpitj;Njbg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ midj;J K];yPk;fsJk;

flikahFk; (G`hhp) tuyhw;wpy; Map\h (uop)> gpe;jp \pgh> ghj;jpkh

]ph;`pe;jp Nghd;Nwhh; fy;tpj;Jiwapy; Kd;khjphpahfj; jpfo;e;Js;sh;fs;.

r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;r%fg; gzpfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;

l ,];yhkpa tuk;Gfisg; Ngzp r%fg; gzpfspy; <Lgl ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F

mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; nghJtho;tpy;

gy;NtW Jiwfspy; ngUk; gq;fhw;wpAs;sdh;. fw;gpj;jy;> NghuhLjy;>

fhaKw;NwhUf;F kUj;Jt cjtp nra;jy; Nghd;w gy Jiwfspy; Map\h

(wop)> ugPjh (wop)> m];kh (wop) Nghd;Nwhh; gzpahw;wpAs;sdu;.

l ,t;thW K];ypk; ngz;Zf;Ff; fpilj;Js;s fz;zpak;> kjpg;G> me;j];J>

chpikfs; Nghd;wd tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; %yk; fpilf;fg;ngw;wdty;y@

mts; Nfl;fhkNy ,];yhk; mtSf;F toq;fpAs;sJ.

l ,];yhk; ngz;fisf; nfsutg;gLj;jp> gy chpikfisAk; me;j];ijAk;

toq;fpAs;s NghjpYk; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ fho;g;Gzh;T nfhz;l rpyh; re;Nj

fq;fisAk; rh;r;irfisAk; Kd;itj;Js;sdh;. mtw;Wy; rpy

– rhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ik.

– ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk; fhz;gpj;jy;.

– jiyikj;jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhik.

– jyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ik.

rhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikrhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikrhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikrhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikrhl;rpfshff; nfhs;tjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ik

l fld; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; gjpT nra;tJ njhlh;ghfTk;> mjpy; ehzakhf

elg;gJ njhlh;ghfTk; te;Js;s trdj;jpy; ~NkYk; ePq;fs; rhl;rpfshf

(mq;fPfupf;f)f; $ba cq;fs; Mz;fspy; (Nahf;fpakhd) ,Utiu

(mf;flDf;F)r; rhl;rpahf;Fq;fs;. mt;thW (rhl;rpahf;f Ntz;ba) ,UtUk;

Mz;ghyhuhff; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy; Xh; MZld; ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf mq;fPfupf;ff;

$ba ,U ngz;fis (rhl;rpahf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> ngz;fs; ngUk;ghYk;


nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; gw;wp mwpahjpUg;gjhy;) mt;tpUtUs; xUj;jp

jtwptpl;lhYk; kw;wg;ngz; mtUf;F mjid Qhgf%l;bf; nfhLf;Fk; nghUl;L

(,t;thW nra;jy;) (2:282)

l ,uz;L ngz;fspd; rhl;rpaj;jpw;Fr; rkdhf Xh; Mzpd; rhl;rpia ,];yhk;

mq;fPfupj;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy; ,e;j Vw;wj;jho;T ngz;Zf;Nfh my;yJ

mtsJ fz;zpaj;jpw;Nfh xU Fiway;y. khwhf mts; tpahghu nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy; ebtbf;iffspYk;> rptpy; tptfhuq;fspYk; gupr;rakhdts; my;y.

,jidNa ~~xUj;jp jtWtpl;lhYk; kw;wg; ngz; mtSf;F (mjid) Qhgf

%l;Lk; nghUl;L|| vd my;Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. ,jdhNyNa gy rl;l mwpQh;fs;

Fw;wtpay;> gopf;Fg; gopthq;fy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffspy; ngz;fsJ rhl;rpfis

fUj;jpw; nfhs;tjpy;iy. Vnddpy; ,e;jr; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ngz;fs;

vq;fpUe;jhYk; ngz;ikr; Rghtj;jpdhy; mtw;iwg; ghh;f;fj; Jzpakhl;lhh;fs;.

fjwp XLtNj mth;fsJ gz;ghFk;. ,j;jF EZf;fkhd re;jh;g;gq;fis

tpsq;fNth> tpsf;fNth mth;fshy; Kbtjpy;iy. ,NjNeuk; ngz;fspd;

,ay;NghL $ba mk;rq;fspy; mts; jdpj;jtshf ,Ue;j Neuj;jpYk; mtsJ

rhl;rpaj;ij khj;jpuk; ,];yhk; Vw;fpwJ. fd;dpj;jd;ik> gps;isg; NgW >

ghY}l;ly; kw;Wk; rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; Xu; MzpdJk; xU ngz;zpdJk;

rhl;rp rkdhfNt Nehf;fg;gLtJz;L. ,jw;F “ypMd;” re;jh;g;gj;ij

cjhuzkhff; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk;ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk;ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk;ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk;ghfg;gpuptpidapy; ghugl;rk;

l Mz; ngz;fspilNa thupRj; nrhj;Jupikapy; $l rkj;Jtk; Ngzg;gLt

jpy;iy vd Fw;wk; Rkj;JNthh; csh;. cz;ikapy; ,];yhk; ,U ghyhh;kPJk;

Rkj;jpAs;s nghUshjhur; RikfisAk; mjw;F gjpyhf ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s

thupR cupikapd; epaha G+u;tj;jd;ikiaAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

ngz;fspd; FLk;gg; nghWg;Gf;fSf;F Kd;Dupik tsq;fp ciof;Fk;

nghWg;ig mts; kPJ Rkj;jtpy;iy. mg;nghWg;G Mzpd; kPNj Rkj;jg;

gl;Ls;sJ. mtNsh jha;> kidtp> rNfhjup> kfs; vd;w ve;j epiyapYk;

,we;jtuplkpUe;J thuprhfg; ngWfpwhs;. Mz;fs; thupR cupikia $Ljyhf

ngw gy epahaq;fs; cz;L. mtNdh FLk;gj;jpd; jiytd; mj;jid

nryTfisAk; ftdpf;f Ntz;batd;. ngz;fSf;F Mizg;Nghy ve;jg;

nghUshjhug; nghWg;Gk; ,y;iy. kidtpahf ,Ue;jhy; fztd;> jhahf

,Ue;jhy; mtsJ Mz; gps;isfs;> kfshf ,Ue;jhy; je;ij ,g;gb

gyUk; mtis ftdpf;fpd;wdh;. mts; vd;Wk; jq;fp tho;gtshths;. ,Nj

Neuk; mts; fztdplkpUe;J kùhf nrhj;Jf;fis ngWfpd;w tha;g;Gk;

fpilf;fpd;wJ. ,it mts; thuprplkpUe;J Fiwthf ngw;wpUe;jhy; mjid

eptu;j;jpf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gb mts; ngWfpd;w nghUshjhu rkj;Jtj;ijg; gy;NtW

Nfhzq;fspy; tpsf;fyhk;.

jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhikjiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhikjiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhikjiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhikjiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;fhik

l ngz;fspd; epUthfpfshf Mz;fNs ,Uf;fpd;wdh; (4:34) ngz;fs; kPjhd

Mz;fspd; jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gjd; fUj;J Mz; ngz;idtpl cah;thdtd;

vd;gjd;W. jiyikj;Jtk; vd;gJ xU nghWg;G. FLk;g kl;lj;jpyhd

jiyikj;Jtj;jpw;F Mzpd; jifikNa kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. “....jdJ

nry;tq;fspypUe;J nrytspg;gjd; fhuzkhfTk; Mz;fs; ngz;fspd;

epUthfpfshf cs;sdh;” (4:34) jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;fhd rpwg;ghd gz;Gfs;


fhuzkhfNt ngz;fistpl Mz;fs; Nkyhdth; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

Foe;ijia guhkupj;jy; vd tUk;NghJ mq;F Miztpl ngz; cah;e;J

epw;fpwhs;.

l my;yh ;̀ Mz;fSf;F mth;fspd; gzpia epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd jFjpfisAk;

gz;GfisAk; toq;fp mg;gFjpapy; ngz;fistpl Mz;fis cah;j;jp

itj;Js;shd;. ngz;fSf;F mth;fsJ gzpia epiwNtw;w cjTk; rpwg;ghd

gz;Gfis toq;fp Mz;fistpl mg;gzpapy; mth;fis Nkd;ikg;gLj;jp

As;shd;.

l Mzpd; jiyikj;Jtg; nghWg;G vd;gJ ,q;F FLk;g epUthfj;jpNyNa

Kjd;ikg; gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. xU ngz; ,];yhkpa tiuaiwfisg; Ngzp

r%f tho;tpy; ghlrhiyfspy;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;> epWtdq;fspy; vd

jiyik tfpg;gij ,];yhk; xU NghJk; kWf;ftpy;iy. mts; xU ePjpgjpahf>

mikr;ruhf> fz;fhzpg;ghsuhf ,Uf;f KbAk; vd;gjw;fhd ,];yhkpa

rhd;Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk; mts; vy;yh epyikfspYk; mtSf;F

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s \uPmj; tiuaiwfisg; Ngzpatshf jdJ FLk;gj;jpd;

ghy; epiwNtw;w Ntz;ba flikf; $Wfis Kiwahf epiwNtw;w jdJ

gjtpfs;> gzpfs; jilahf mikahJ jd;idf; fz;fhzpj;Jf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;.

jyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikjyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikjyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikjyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ikjyhf; $Wtjpy; rkj;Jtkpd;ik

l jyhf; nrhy;Yk; cupikapy; Mz;fSf;F ,];yhk; Kd;Dupik toq;FfpwJ.

FLk;g tho;tpd; ahjhh;j;j G+h;tkhd Nehf;fq;fis epiwT nra;J nfhs;s

KbahjNghJ jtph;f;f Kbahj xU top vd;w epiyapy;jhd; ,];yhk;

jyhf;if mDkjpf;fpd;wJ. Xh; Mz; k`h; nfhLj;J kzKbf;fpwhd;. mtNd

FLk;gj;jpd; jiytd;. FLk;g epWtdj;ij topelhj;Jfpd;wtd;. mj;jifatd;>

jhd; cUthf;fpa epWtdj;ijj; jfh;j;njwpa Kd;tUthdh? mtd; Mokhfr;

rpe;jpj;j gpd;Ng jPh;khdq;fSf;F tUthd;. Mdhy; ngz;Nzh czh;r;rpfSf;F

mbikg; gl;L Mw mku Nahrpf;fhky; mtru KbTfis vLf;f Kidgts;.

Mjyhy; gyNghJ jtwhd KbTfSf;F tUtjw;fhd rhj;jpf; $WfNs

mNdfKs;sd.

jyhf; tptfhuj;jpy; MZf;F $Ljyhd chpik toq;fg;gl;likf;F ,J

xU fhuzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. mNj Neuk; tpthfuj;J tptfhuj;jpy; ngz;Zf;F

tpthf ge;jj;ij gphpe;J tpLjiy ngWtjw;fhd chpikia ,];yhk; toq;fj;

jtwtpy;iy.

l vdNt jyhf; chpik ngz;Zf;F KOikahf kWf;fg;gl;bUe;jhNy ghugl;rk;

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ vdf; $w KbAk;. Mdhy; mt;thwpd;wp mtSf;Fk; mjpy;

chpik toq;fp mtis ,];yhk; fz;zpag;gLj;jpAs;sJ.

l ,];yhk; vy;yh topfspYk; ngz;fis kjpj;J chpikfis toq;fp rKjh

aj;jpy; mth;fisf; nfsutg;gLj;jpAs;sJ vd;gNj cz;ikahFk;. vdpDk;

,];yhj;jpd; kPJ fho;g;Gzh;r;rp nfhz;Nlhh; fz;%bj;jdkhff; fl;ltpo;j;Jtpl;l

tpkh;rdf; fizfs; vj;Jiz fhzg;gl;lhYk; mtw;Wf;fhd gjpiy ,j;

nja;tPf khh;f;fk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gJ cz;ikahFk;.



gb gb gb gb gb I gyjhu kzk;> ngz;fspd; epiygw;wp khzth;fSld; fye;Jiuahb

rpe;jidf; fpsh;nthd;iw Vw;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khzth;fis ehd;F FOf;fshf gpupj;J gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gf;fspy;

xt;nthd;iw xt;nthU FOtpw;Fk; toq;fp mJ Fwpj;J vOe;Js;s

tpkh;rdq;fisAk; mtw;Wf;fhd gjpiyAk; Njl topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

FO 1. gyjhu kzk;

FO 2. ngz;fs; epiy

FO 3. Fw;wtpaYk; jz;lidAk;

FO 4. [p`hj;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FOTk; jpul;batw;iw jk;kpilNa fye;Jiuahb ghpkhwpf;

nfhs;s tha;g;gspAq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV xt;nthU FOtpdUk; jhk; jpul;ba tw;iw 750-1000 ,w;F cl;gl;l

nrhw;fspy; Xh; mwpf;ifahf jahupj;J fUj;juq;F xd;iw Vw;ghL

nra;J mjpy; rkh;g;gpf;f re;jh;g;gk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLq;fs;.


• mg;Jy; mj;jp `%jh> (1985)> ,];yhk; cq;fs; ghu;itf;F Fitj;> I.I.F.S.O.

• fh;shtp A+]_g;> ig]y; nksytp> (1985)> j/th gzpapy; ngz;fs; ky;thd>jhUy; mh;fk; ntspaPL.

• K`k;kj; FJg;> (1978)> IaKk; njspTk;> nfhOk;G-09> ,];yhkpa gg;spNf\d;

n]d;lh;.

• ]hapf;> (1973)> ,];yhk; Xh; mwpKfk;> nfhOk;G. ,yq;if ,];yhkpa Nghjdh

fofk; ypkpnll;.

• mf;uk; Kfk;kj;> (2003)> eilKiwf;Nfw;w ,];yhk;> g];ahy> K]y;khd;

ntspaPL.

• my; fu;shtp a+]{g;> (1997) ehisa K];ypk; ngz;> NgUty> my;fyk; gjpg;gfk;.

• i[Dy; Mg;jPd;> (1993)> Fw;wr;rhl;LfSk; gjpy;fSk;> nrd;id> ,];yhkpa

fy;tp ntspaPl;L epWtdk;.

• ghj;jpkh [D}gh (2000)> ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;Zupik> nrd;id> KdPuh gjpg;gfk;.

• kd;#u; v];.vk;. (1999)> cq;fs; ,jaj;Jld; ,];yhk; NgRfpd;wJ> khjk;ig>

nehNy[; gjpg;gfk;.


Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0 ::::: xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fp

mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;

KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 10.110.110.110.110.1 ::::: xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij fpufpj;J

eilKiwg;gLj;Jthu;.


fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW ::::: l ,];yhk; xOf;fj;Jf;F toq;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J

jk;kpy; xOf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; kdg;ghq;ifAk;

Kd;khjpupiaAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;thu;.

l xOf;fj;ijf; filg;gpbj;J jd;dpilNa Md;kPf nraw;ghL

fis tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;thu;.


l xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhj;jpd; fz;Nzhl;lk;

l ,];yhkpa \uPmj;jpd; %yhjhuq;fspy; ~FYf; `]d;|> ~m`;yhf; `]dh|

vd;w nrhw;gpuNahfq;fs; ew;gz;Gfs;> xOf;ftpOkpaq;fs;> ey;nyhOf;fk;

vd;gtw;iwr; Rl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;iwf; Fwpg;gjw;F ~~kfhupKy;

m ;̀yhf;| vd;w nrhw;nwhlUk; ̀ jP]py; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ~mjg;|> ~Mjhg;|

vd;w gjq;fs; nghJthf nray;fspd; xOq;FKiwia tpsf;Ftd.

l my;yh`;tpdhYk; mtdJ J}jupdhYk; K];ypk;fsplk; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba

gz;GfSk; ,Uf;ff; $lhj jPa xOf;fq;fSk; tiuaiw nra;J

itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. kdpjdJ kNdh,r;irAk; r%f #oYk; $Wgit vy;yhk;

,];yhkpa xOf;fkhff; fUjg;gLtjpy;iy.

l ey;nyhOf;fj;Jld; tho;tJ ,k;ikapy; khj;jpukd;wp kWikapYk; gad;juf;

$baJ. ~~kWikehspy; K];ypkpd; juhrpy; ew;gz;ig tpl ghukhd vJTk;

,Uf;fhJ|| (jpu;kpjp)

l Vida mky;fs; NghyNt ew;gz;GfSldhd nraw;ghLfs; my;yh`;tplj;jpy;

mq;fPfupf;fg;gLtjw;F ~,`;yh];| vDk; J}a vz;zk; mtrpakhdjhFk;.

l ,];yhk; mbg;gilapy; mfhapj;> ,ghjj;> KMkyhj;> Kdhf`hj;> [pdhahj;

vdg; ngUk; gFjpfshf tFj;J Ma;T nra;ag;gLtJ Nghd;W ~mf;yhfpa;ahj;|

xOf;f khz;Gfs; vd;w xU gpujhd gFjpiaAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mJ xU

jdpg; gFjpahf Nehf;fg;gLtJ Nghd;W Vida vy;yhg; gFjpfSlDk; ,uz;lwf;

fye;jjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhk; ew;gz;Gfis cau;e;j ,ghjj;jhff; fUJfpd;wJ. ~ed;ik vd;gNj

ew;gz;Gfs;jhd;|| (K];ypk;)


l tho;tpy; xOf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tho;tpy; xOf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tho;tpy; xOf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tho;tpy; xOf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tho;tpy; xOf;fj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

l ey;nyhOf;fk; vd;gJ egpkhu;fspd; -ey;ybahu;fspd;- Fwpg;ghf K`k;kj; (]y;)

mtu;fspd; gz;ghFk;. mjid Vw;W elg;gJ egpatu;fis KOikahfg;

gpd;gw;Wtjhf mikAk;. ~~egpNa! epr;rakhf ePu; kfj;jhd ew;Fzq;fSilatuhf

,Uf;fpd;wPu;.|| (68:4)

l K];ypk;fSs; rpwe;jtu; ew;gz;Gs;stu;jhd; vd ̀ jP];fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

~~cq;fSs; rpwe;jtu; cq;fSs; rpwe;j gz;ghsNu|| (G`hup)

l mbg;gilahd tzf;f topghLfs; flikahf;fg;gl;likf;fhd gpujhd

Nehf;fq;fSs; xd;W ew;gz;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjhFk;.

l njhOif jPa gz;Gfis mopj;J> ew;gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

~~njhOifia epiyepWj;JtPuhf. epr;rakhf njhOif khdf;Nflhd

fhupaq;fspypUe;Jk; ghtq;fspypUe;Jk; tpyf;FfpwJ.|| (29: 45)

xOf;fg; gz;Gfs; mw;w njhOifahspf;F eufk; ,Ug;gjhf ]_wJy; khCd;

tpgupf;fpd;wJ.

l ]fhj; csuPjpahd> ngsjpf uPjpahd> rKjha uPjpahd xOf;f Nkk;ghl;il

Nehf;fhff; nfhz;lJ.

~~mtu;fspd; nry;tq;fspypUe;J ePu; ]fhj;ij vLj;J> mtu;fisj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jp>

gupRj;jkhf;fp itg;gPuhf.|| (9: 103)

l ~]jfh| (ju;kk;) vd;w tplaj;ij egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ew;gz;GfSf;Fk;

gpuNahfpj;Js;shu;fs;.

~~cdJ rNfhjudpd; Kfj;ijg; ghu;j;J Gd;difg;gJ cdf;F ]jfhthFk;.

(G`hup) ~~top njupahJ jLkhWgtUf;F topfhl;LtJk; ckf;F ju;kkhFk;.||

(G`hup) ~~ghijapy; jPq;Ffs;> Kl;fs;> vYk;Gfs; Kjypatw;iw mfw;WtJk;

ckf;F ju;kkhFk;. (G`hup)

l Nehd;G> Md;kPfg; gf;Ftj;ijAk; rpwe;j gz;GfisAk; cUthf;Fk;.

~~tpRthrpfNs! cq;fSf;F Kd;dpUe;Njhu; kPJ tpjpahf;fg;gl;bUe;j gpufhuNk

cq;fs; kPJk; Nehd;G Nehw;gJ tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjdhy; ePq;fs;

gupRj;jthd;fshfyhk;. (2: 183)

~~ngha; NgRtijAk; mjd;gb nraw;gLtijAk; ahu; tpl;Ltpltpy;iyNah

mtu; jdJ czitAk; ghdj;ijAk; jtpu;g;gjpy; my;yh`;Tf;F ve;jj;

NjitAkpy;iy.|| (G`hup)

l `[; ey;nyhOf;fj;ij tsu;f;Fk; nraw;ghl;Lf; fskhf mike;Js;sJ.

~~`[;[py; rk;Nghfk; > Ju;thu;j;ij NgRjy;> rr;ruT nra;Jnfhs;sy; $lhJ||

(2: 197)

l xOf;fg; gz;Gfs; <khNdhL ,ize;j mk;rkhFk;. xOf;fj;jpy; gytPdkhf

,Ug;gJ <khdpag; gytPdj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lk;.

~~<khd; nfhz;NlhNu! my;yh`;itg; gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. cz;ik NgRgtu;

fSld; Nru;e;jpUq;fs;.|| (9: 119)

~~ahu; my;yh`;itAk; kWikehisAk; <khd; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whNuh mtu;

ey;yijNa Ngrl;Lk; my;yJ nksdkhf ,Uf;fl;Lk;.|| (G`hup)


l ey;nyhOf;fq;fspd; mjpfupg;G <khid mjpfupf;fr; nra;Ak;.

~~epr;rakhf K/kpd;fSs; kpfg; g+uzkhf <khDs;stu; kpfr; rpwe;j xOf;f

Ks;stuhthu;.|| (jpu;kpjp)

l jPa gz;Gfs; <khidg; ghjpf;Fk;.

~~my;yh`;tpd; kPJ Mizahf mtd; <khd; nfhz;ltdy;yd;.|| (%d;W Kiw)

vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $w> ~~mtd; ahu; ,iwJ}jNu|| vd tpdtg;gl;lJ.

mjw;ftu; ~~ahUila jPq;FfspypUe;J mtdJ mz;il tPl;lhd; ghJfhg;Gg;

ngwtpy;iyNah mtd;|| vd;whu;fs;. (G`hup)

l Kdhgpf;fpd; (eatQ;rfd;) milahsq;fSk; jPa xOf;fq;fshFk;.

~~%d;W gz;Gfs; ahuplkpUf;fpd;wdNth mtd; Kdhgpf;fhthd;. mtd; Nehd;G

gpbj;J> njhOJ> `[; nra;J> ck;whr; nra;J. jd;id xU K];ypk; vdf;

$wpf; nfhz;lhYk; rupNa. mtd; Ngrpdhy; ngha; NgRthd;. thf;fspj;jhy;

khWnra;thd;. ek;gpdhy; JNuhfkpiog;ghd;.|| (K];ypk;)

l ew;gz;GfspD}lhf K`k;kj; (]y;) mtu;fspd; Nerk; fpilg;gjw;Fk; kWikapy;

mtUld; neUq;fpapUg;gjw;Fk; tha;g;Ngw;gLk;.

~~vdf;F kpfTk; tpUg;gkhd> kWikapy; vdf;F kpfTk; mUfhikapy; ,Uf;ff;

$batiu ehd; cq;fSf;F mwptpj;Jj; jul;Lkh>|| (mjid ,uz;L my;yJ

%d;W Kiw jpUg;gpf; Nfl;lhu;fs;.) mjw;F ]`hghf;fs;> ~Mk;> my;yh`;tpd;

J}jNu| vd;whu;fs;. mjw;ftu;fs; ~cq;fSs; kpfr; rpwe;j gz;ghsu;| vd;whu;fs;.

(m ;̀kj;)

l Md;kPf Nkk;ghLk; xOf;fKk;Md;kPf Nkk;ghLk; xOf;fKk;Md;kPf Nkk;ghLk; xOf;fKk;Md;kPf Nkk;ghLk; xOf;fKk;Md;kPf Nkk;ghLk; xOf;fKk;

l kdpjd; cly;> mwpT> Md;kh vd;w %d;W gpujhd $Wfisf; nfhz;ltd;.

mit %d;Wk; xUNrug; Ngh\pf;fg;gLk; NghJjhd; rPu;ikahd ,];yhkpa

tho;T mikAk;.

l Md;kPf tho;Tf;Fk; xOf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; kpf neUf;fkhd njhlu;Gz;L.

csuPjpahd xOf;fq;fs; vd xU jdpahd gFjpNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ. me;j tifapy;

mit ,U tifg;gLk;.

1. Md;kPfj;ijj; J}a;ikg;gLj;Jk;> tpUj;jp ngw itf;Fk; xOf;fq;fs;.

jf;th> ,`;yh]; (csj;J}a;ik)> F\{/(gagf;jp)> F*c(gzpT)> tu/

(NgZjy;) ey;nyz;zk;> epjhdk;> md;G> fUiz> kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik>

nghWik Nghd;wd Md;kPf xOf;fq;fshFk;.

1. ,iwar;rk; (jf;th)1. ,iwar;rk; (jf;th)1. ,iwar;rk; (jf;th)1. ,iwar;rk; (jf;th)1. ,iwar;rk; (jf;th)

l my;yh`; Vtpatw;iw Vw;Wk;> mtd; tpyf;fpatw;iw Kw;whfj; jtpu;j;Jk;

elg;gjd; %yk; ,k;ik> kWikapy; my;yh`;tpd; NtjidapypUe;J ek;ikg;

ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tijNa jf;th vd;fpd;Nwhk;.

l my;Fu;MDk;> `jP]{k; gy ,lq;fpy; ,iwar;rj;ij typAWj;jpAs;sd.

~~<khd; nfhz;ltu;fNs! my;yh`;it cz;ikahd Kiwapy; gag;gLq;fs;.

ePq;fs; K];ypk;fshftd;wp kuzpf;f Ntz;lhk;|| (3: 102)

~~mjpfkhf Rtu;f;fj;jpy; Eiotpg;gJ vJ vd egpatu;fsplk; tpdtg;gl;lJ.

mjw;ftu; ~,iwar;rKk; ew;gz;Gk;| vd;whu;fs;. (jpu;kpjp)


gy ew;gz;Gfspd; MzpNtuhf jf;thit my;Fu;Md; mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

~~ePq;fs; Neu;ikahf ele;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. mJ ,iwar;rj;Jf;F kpf neUq;fpaJ||

(5: 80)

~~ePq;fs; kd;dpg;gspg;gJ jf;thTf;F kpf neUq;fpaJ|| (2: 237)

l jf;thtpdhy; Vw;gLk; gyd;fs;

i) my;yh`;tpd; Nerj;Jf;Fupatu;fshf khWjy;:

~~mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`;tpd; Neru;fs; -mtu;fSf;F

ahnjhU gaKkpy;iy. mtu;fs; ftiyg;glTk; khl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs;

vj;jifNahnud;why;> <khd; nfhz;L> ,iwar;rk; nfhz;ltu;fshfTk;

,Ug;ghu;fs;. (10: 62>63)

ii) kWikapy; fpilf;Fk; mjpf ed;ikfSk; RfNghfq;fSk;:

~~,iwar;rj;NjhL ele;J nfhs;gtu;fSf;F mtu;fspd; ,ul;rfdplj;jpy;

Rtdgjpfs; cz;L. mtw;wpd; fPo; MWfs; Xbf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;.|| (3: 15)

iii) my;yh`;tpd; mUisg; (u`;kj;) ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;:

~~vd;Dila mUNsh vy;yh t];Jf;fspYk; #o;e;J tprhykhfpAs;sJ.

MfNt mjid (vdf;F) gae;J> ]fhj;Jk; nfhLj;J tUfpwhu;fNs

mj;jifNahUf;Fk;....|| (7: 156)

iv) gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;Tk; f\;lq;fSf;F tpbTk;:

~~vtu; my;yh`;Tf;Fg; gae;J elf;fpwhNuh mtUf;F ntspNaWk; topia

mtd; Mf;Fthd;. NkYk; mtu; vz;zpapuhj tpjj;jpy; mtUf;F

tho;thjhuq;fis toq;Fthd;. (65: 2-3)

v) cjtpAk; mjpfhuKk;

~~epr;rakhf ,e;jg; g+kp my;yh`;Tf;Nf cupaJ. ,jid mtd; jd;

mbahu;fspy; jhd; ehbatu;fSf;F mde;jukhf;fp tpLthd;. (ey;y KbT

jf;thTs;stu;fSf;Nf)|| (7: 128)

vi) nghJthf jf;thTs;stu;fspd; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f> tho;T rPu;ik

ngw;wjhfTk; mikjp epuk;gpajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

2. cz;ik NgRjy; (]pj;f;)2. cz;ik NgRjy; (]pj;f;)2. cz;ik NgRjy; (]pj;f;)2. cz;ik NgRjy; (]pj;f;)2. cz;ik NgRjy; (]pj;f;)

l cz;ik NgRjy; Nghd;W r%fj;jpd; ];jpuj;jd;ikiaAk; cWjpg;ghl;ilAk;

Vw;gLj;Jk; NtW ve;jg; gz;Gk; fpilahJ. ,jdhy;jhd; cz;ik NgRjy;

vd;w gz;G r%fq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; mbg;gil ew;gz;ghff; nfhs;sg;

gLfpd;wJ.

l my;Fu;MDk;> `jP]{k; gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; cz;ik NgRjiyg; gw;wpg;

NgrpAs;sNjhL> ngha; NgRtijj; jLj;JKs;sJ.

~~<khd; nfhz;ltu;fNs my;yh ;̀itg; gae;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. rPuhd (cz;ikahd)

Ngr;irNa NgRq;fs;. (33: 70)


~~ePq;fs; cz;ikiaf; iff;nfhs;Sq;fs;. epr;rakhf cz;ik ed;ikf;F ,l;Lr;

nry;Yk;. ed;ik Rtu;f;fj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. kdpjd; njhlu;e;J cz;ik

Ngrp> mij mtd; Ngzp te;jhy; my;yh`;tplj;jpy; mtd; cz;ikahsd;

vd vOjg;gLthd;. ehd; cq;fSf;F ngha;ia vr;rupf;fpd;Nwd;. epr;rakhf

ngha; ghtj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. ghtk; eufpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk;. kdpjd;

njhlu;e;Jk; ngha; nrhy;yp mjpNyNa epiyj;J epw;ghdhapd; my;yh ;̀tplj;jpy;

mtd; ngha;ad; vd vOjg;gLthd;.|| (K];ypk;)

l mkhdpjj;ijg; NgZtJk;> thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;WtJk; cz;ikf;Fr; nray;

tbtk; nfhLf;Fk; mk;rq;fshFk;. cz;ikapd; fhtyu;fs; kf;fshy;

tpUk;gg;gLtu;. nry;tq;fSf;F nghWg;Gjhuu;fshfg; nraw;gLtu;. mtu;fsJ

rhl;rpaq;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mtu;fsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;fg;gLk;.

kWikapy; mtu;fSf;F ew;gad;fSz;L. khwhf ngha;au;fis kf;fs; tpUk;gTk;

khl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fis ek;gTk; khl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fsJ rhl;rpaq;fs; Vw;Wf;

nfhs;sg;glkhl;lhJ. kWikapYk; jz;lidAk; NtjidAk; mtu;fSf;Fz;L.

2. nghWik (]g;u;)2. nghWik (]g;u;)2. nghWik (]g;u;)2. nghWik (]g;u;)2. nghWik (]g;u;)

l nghWik kpfr; rpwe;j gz;ghFk;. my;Fu;Md; fpl;lj;jl;l 70 ,lq;fspy; mJ

gw;wpf; $wpAs;sJ.

~~nghWikahsu;fs; jq;fsJ $ypiaf; fzf;fpd;wp> epug;gkhf toq;fg;gLtu;.

(39: 10)

~~mtu;fs; nghWikahf ,Ue;jjd; fhuzkhf Rtdj;ijAk; (mzptjw;F)

gl;lhiliaAk; mtd; ew;$ypahf toq;Ffpd;whd;.|| (86: 12> 32: 23> 3: 186> 2:

249> 16: 126> 2: 155-157)

~~nghWikia Kiwikahf Mf;fpf; nfhs;gtDf;F my;yh`; nghWikia

toq;Ffpd;whd;. ,d;Dk; nghWikiag; ngw;wtiu tpl rpwe;j rd;khdj;ij

ngw;wtu; vtUkpy;iy.|| (G`hup)

l nghWik gytpjkhf mikAk;.

m) fPo;g;gbjypy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; nghWik

,J ,];yhk; gzpj;j njhOif Kjyhd flikfis epiwNtw;Wtjpy;

fhl;lg;gLk; nghWikahFk;. mtw;iw kdpjd; tho;ehs; KOtjpYk; njhlu;e;J

epiwNtw;w nghWik NjitahFk;.

M) ghtq;fspypUe;J jLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; nghWik. jtW nra;J tplhky;

jk;ikf; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tJk;> ghtq;fspypUe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tJTk;

nghWikahFk;. ghtKk; Fw;wKk; ftu;r;rpkpf;fit. mit ,yFtpy; kdpjid

mjy ghjhsj;jpw;Fs; js;sptpLk;.

,) Jd;gq;fSk;> f\;lq;fSk; thl;Lk;NghJ Vw;gLk; nghWik. capu;> clik>

FLk;gk;> me;j];J Nghd;wtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; ,og;gpd;NghJ K];ypk; nghWik

fhj;jpLthd;. ,e;epiy K/kpDf;Fg; ngUk; ed;ikahfNt KbAk;. ~~XusT

gaj;jhYk; grpahYk; nghUl;fs;> capu;fs;> tpisr;ry;fs; Mfpatw;wpd;

e\;lj;jhYk; ehk; cq;fisr; Nrhjpg;Nghk;. vd;whYk; (egpNa) ,r;Nrhjid

fshy; Vw;gLk; f\;lq;fisr; rfpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;NghUf;F ePu; ed;khuhak;

$WtPuhf|| (2: 155)


3. mkhdpjk; (mkhdj;)3. mkhdpjk; (mkhdj;)3. mkhdpjk; (mkhdj;)3. mkhdpjk; (mkhdj;)3. mkhdpjk; (mkhdj;)

l mkhdpjk; NgZjy; xU K];ypkpd; tho;tpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba xU Kf;fpa

gz;ghFk;. ~mkhdj;| vd;w nrhy;iy kpfTk; tpupe;j nghUspy; ,];yhkpa

\uPmj; ifahs;fpd;wJ.

~~cq;fspy; xt;nthUtUk; xU ghJfhtyNu. cq;fSf;Ff; fPopUe;jtu;fs; Fwpj;J

cq;fs; xt;nthUtuplKk; Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,khk; (jiytu;) xU ghJfhtyNu.

mtu; mtUf;Ff; fPopUe;jtu;fs; gw;wpf; Nfl;fg;gLthu;. xt;nthU kdpjDk; jd;

tPl;by; trpg;gtu;fspd; ghJfhtydhthd;. mtd; mtu;fisg; gw;wp tpdtg;gLthd;.

xU kidtp jd; fztdpd; tPl;ilg; ghJfhg;gts;. mts; mJ Fwpj;Jf;

Nfl;fg;gLths;. Ntiyf;F mku;j;jg;gl;ltd; jd; v[khdpd; nghUl;fspd;

ghJfhtydhthd;. mtd; mtDila nghWg;G Fwpj;J Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gLthd;.||

(G`hup)

mkhdpjk; NgZjy; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy; mikayhk;mkhdpjk; NgZjy; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy; mikayhk;mkhdpjk; NgZjy; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy; mikayhk;mkhdpjk; NgZjy; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy; mikayhk;mkhdpjk; NgZjy; gy;NtW mikg;Gf;fspy; mikayhk;

m) jd;dplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghUis> nry;tj;ijg; nghWg;NghL ghJfhj;jy;.

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; `p[;uj; Nghtjw;F Kd;du; jd;dplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l

nghUl;fis jpUg;gp xg;gilg;gjw;Fupa Vw;ghLfisr; nra;Jtpl;Nl nrd;whu;fs;.

~~jd;id ek;gp xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fisf; fhg;ghw;whjtd; <khd; ,y;yhjtd;.

jhd; je;j thf;FWjpiaf; fhg;ghw;whjtd; ,];yhj;ijg; Gwf;fzpj;jtd;.||

(`jP];)

M) jd;dplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l gjtpiaAk;> nghWg;igAk; rPuhf epiwT nra;jy;.

gjtpfs;> nghWg;Gfs; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd xUtupd; ifapNyNa nfhLf;fg;gly;

Ntz;Lk;.

mg+ju; (uop) jd;id VNjDk; xU gpuNjrj;jpw;F MSeuhf epakpf;FkhW

egpatu;fsplk; Nfl;lNghJ ~mg+ju;Nu! ePu; gytPdkhdtu;. ,e;jg; nghWg;G Xu;

milf;fyg; nghUshFk;. ,Wjpj; jPu;g;G ehspy; fz;zpaj;ij ,of;fpd;w epiyf;Fk;

mtkhdkhdnjhU epiyf;Fk; ,J ,l;Lr; nrd;WtpLk;. vdpDk;> ,e;jg; nghWg;ig

mjd; vy;yhr; RikfNshLk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;L> Vw;Wf; nfhz;litfis epiwT

nra;gtu;fs; fhg;ghw;wg;gLthu;fs;|| vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;. (K];ypk;)

~~nghWg;Gf;fis jFjpaw;wtu;fspd; iffspy; xg;gilf;Fk; fhyk; Njhd;wpaJk;

,Wjpehis vjpu;ghUq;fs;.|| (G`hup)

,) nry;tj;ijAk;> jpwikiaAk; rupahd mikg;gpy; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

kdpjdpd; nghWg;gpYk; ghJfhg;gpYk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l mkhdpjg; nghUl;fshf

nry;tKk;> jpwikAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mtw;iw my;yh`; kdpjDf;Ff;

nfhLj;Js;shd;. mtw;wpd; gpuNahfk; gw;wp kWikapy; my;yh`; tpdTthd;.

mtw;iw my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;jpia Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L xU K];ypk;

gad;gLj;Jthd;.

<) ,ufrpak; Ngzy;:

~~mLj;jtu;fspd; ,ufrpaq;fSk; ek;kplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;Ls;s Xu; mkhdpjg;

nghUshFk;. mtw;iw ntspNa mk;gyg;gLj;jp tplhky; ehk; ghJfhj;jply;

Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; mJ mtuplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l Xu; milf;fyg;

nghUNs (mkhdj;) MFk;.|| (`jP];)


fztd;-kidtpapd; me;juq;f tho;f;ifapd; Gdpjj;Jtj;ij ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;>

jhk;gj;jpa cwtpd; ,ufrpaq;fis ntspNa nrhy;yhky; ghJfhg;gJk;

mkhdpjkhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. ~~,Wjpj; jPu;g;G ehspy; kpfg; ngupa Ruz;ly;

Ngu;topahf ,iwtd; Kd;epw;gtd; ahu; njupAkh? vdf; Nfl;l egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; fPo;tUkhW gjpiyAk; nrhd;dhu;fs;. xUtd; jd; kidtpia mjpfkhf

Nerpg;ghd;. mNjNghy; kidtp mtid Nerpg;ghs;. Mdhy;> mtd; mtDila

kidtpapd; ,ufrpaq;fis mLj;jtu;fsplk; nrhy;thd;.|| (K];ypk;)

NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;lg;gl;l gz;Gfs; xU K];ypkplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba

Kf;fpa gz;GfshFk;. ,JNghd;W ,d;Dk; gy gz;Gfs; K];ypkpd; tho;f;ifapy;

,uz;lwf; fye;J nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd my;Fu;MDk;> my;`jP]{k;

Ntz;Lfpd;wd. ,e;jg; gz;Gfs; nraw;ghl;by; mikAk;NghNj K];ypk; r%fj;jpy;

thOk; jdpkdpju;fSk;> FLk;gq;fSk; nghJkf;fSk; rPu;ikiaAk;> mikjpiaAk;

xOq;ifAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tu;.

2. Md;kPfj;ijg; ghjpf;Fk; jPa xOf;fq;fs; ngUik> nghwhik> fu;tk;> jPa

vz;zk;> epghf;> upahc> kNdh,r;irf;Ff; fl;Lg;gly;> mtru Gj;jp> Nfhgk;>

Raeyk; Nghd;wd xU K/kpd; jtpu;j;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;ba jPa gz;GfshFk;.

nghwhiknghwhiknghwhiknghwhiknghwhik

l ~~tpwif neUg;G vupg;gJ Nghy; ed;ikfisg; nghwhik vupj;JtpLk;. (mg+jht+j;)

l ~~Ntjk; nfhLf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;> egpatu;fis vjpu;g;gjw;F nghwhik fhuzk;.||

(2:119)

l ~~mbahu;fs; cs;sj;jpy; <khDk; nghwhikAk; ,izahJ|| (`jP];)

l ~~ntl;fKk; <khDk; ,iz gpupahjit|| (`jP];)

l ~~mopg;git %d;whFk;. mbgzpag;gLk; fQ;rj;jdk;> gpd;gw;wg;gLk; kNdh,r;ir>

xUtdJ jw;ngUik.|| (jguhdp)

l ~~egp (]y;) mtu;fSld; gz;ghby;yhky; elg;gJ ew;nray;fis mopj;J

tpLk;.|| (49:2)

l ~~kdf; frg;Gld; ,Ug;gJ ed;ikfis mopf;Fk;.|| (jpq;fs;> tpahod; ehl;fspy;

my;yh`;tpd; jPu;g;G ,J)

ngUk; ghtq;fs;: rpy cjhuzq;fs;ngUk; ghtq;fs;: rpy cjhuzq;fs;ngUk; ghtq;fs;: rpy cjhuzq;fs;ngUk; ghtq;fs;: rpy cjhuzq;fs;ngUk; ghtq;fs;: rpy cjhuzq;fs;

\pu;f;> epahakpd;wpf; nfhiy nra;tJ> #dpak;> tl;b rhg;gply;> mdhijapd;

nghUis mDgtpj;jy;> K/kpdhd mg;ghtpfshd fw;GnewpAs;s ngz;fs;

kPJ gLJ}W $WtJ> Aj;j fsj;jpy; GwKJfpl;L XLtJ> ngw;whiuj; Jd;GWj;J

tJ> ,dge;Jf;fsJ cwitj; Jz;bg;gJ> ngha;r; rhl;rpak; $WtJ> njhOif>

]fhj; vd;gtw;iw tpl;L tpLtJ> kJ> tpgrhuk;> jd;dpdr; Nru;f;if> yQ;rk;>

jw;nfhiy... Nghd;wd (Kjy; VOk; %gpfhj; vdg;gLk;).

ngha; NgRjy;ngha; NgRjy;ngha; NgRjy;ngha; NgRjy;ngha; NgRjy;

m) ~~jg;ngz;zq;fisf; iftpLq;fs;. Vnddpy; jg;ngz;zq;fNs kpfg; ngupa

ngha;ikf;F toptFf;Fk;. (G`hup)

~~cz;ik jpUg;jpiaj; jUk;. ngha; Iaq;fSf;Fk; rgyq;fSf;Fk; toptFf;Fk;.

(jpu;kpjp)


~~my;yh ;̀tpd; J}jutu;fs; ngha;ia ntWj;jJ Nghy; NtnwijAk; ntWj;j

jpy;iy. xU kdpjd; ngha; nrhd;dhd; vd;w nra;jp vl;bdhy;> me;j kdpjd;

jpUe;jp ghtkd;dpg;Gj; Njbdhd; vd;w kWnra;jp tUk; tiu me;j kdpjdpd;

fz;zpaj;ijAk; kupahijiaAk; fhw;wpNy tPrp tpLthu;fs; egp (]y;) mtu;fs;||

(m ;̀kj;)

~~xU K/kpdplk; vy;yhj; jPikfSk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy;> mtdplk; ngha;

,Uf;ff; $lhJ.|| (m`;kj;)

M) xU K];ypk; cz;ikf;Fk; Neu;ikf;Fk; mjpKf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.

ngha;ia mtd; jtpu;f;f Ntz;Lk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fSk; ]`hghf;fSk;

ngha;iaf; fLikahf ntWj;jhu;fs;. xU K/kpdplk; fhzg;glf; $lhj

xd;Nw ngha;ahFk;. Foe;ij tsu;g;gpYk;> nfhLf;fy;> thq;fypYk;> tha;ik

filg;gpbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ngha; nrhy;Yk; gof;fk; mopitj; Njbj; jUk;.

<khidg; gytPdg;gLj;jptpLk;.

ngUikngUikngUikngUikngUik

m) ngUik> fz;zpak; vd;gd vdJ MilfshFk;. ,tw;wpy; xd;iwahtJ

vtd; vd;dplkpUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhNdh mtid eufpy; Eioar; nra;Ntd;.

(K];ypk;)

M) kdpjd; jhd; milAk; nry;tj;jpdhy;> gl;lk; gjtpfspdhy;> fy;tp> mjpfhu>

me;j];Jfspdhy;> tk;rhtop ghuk;gupaq;fspdhy;> jdJ nray;fspdhy;>

ngw;wpUf;Fk; cly; mofpdhy; ngUikabj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. ,itnay;yhk;

ntWk; gpuikfs;> Nrhjidfs; vd;gij VNdh kdpju;fs; gyu; Gupe;J nfhs;sj;

jtwptpLfpd;wdu;.

,) vdNt kdpjd; ,q;F VioahfNth - gzf;fhudhfNth> gyrhypahfNth -

gytPddhfNth> NehahspahfNth> RfNjfpahfNth> mwpthspahfNth-

mwptPddhfNth> Ml;rpahsdhfNth-mbgzpgtdhfNth ,Ug;gnjy;yhk;

,iwtdpd; mbnahl;bNaahFk;. vdNt> mtd; jdJ Nkyhd me;j];jpw;fhf

Mztk; nfhs;sNth> mLj;jtidg; ghu;j;J vs;sp eifahlNth $lhJ.

<) vtDila cs;sj;jpy; mZtsNtDk; ngUik Fbnfhz;bUf;fpd;wNjh mtd;

Rtdk; nry;y khl;lhd;. (`jP];)

c) ~~thdq;fspd; ,iwtDk; g+kpapd; ,iwtDk; cyfq;fs; ahtw;wpd;

,iwtDkhfpa my;yh`;Tf;Nf vy;yhg; GfOk; cupj;jhFk;. thdq;fspYk;

g+kpapYKs;s (rfy) ngUikfSk;> mtDf;Nf nrhe;jkhdit. mtNd

(ahtiuAk;) kpifj;NjhDk; QhdKilNahDkhf ,Uf;fpwhd;|| (45:36-37)

C) ngUikAk; GfOk; ,iwtd; xUtDf;Nf nrhe;jkhdit. mit mtDila

gz;GfSf;Nf nghUj;jkhdit. my;yh ;̀tpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd ,g;gz;ig kdpjd;

mgfupj;Jf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpg;gJ Kiwaw;w nrayhFk;.

v) ,iwtd; Kd; kdpjd; jd;id ve;jstpw;F gzpT kpf;ftdhf Mf;fpf;

nfhs;fpwhNdh me;j mstpw;F kdpjdpd; kj;jpapy; mtd; cau;Tk; fz;zpaKk;

ngWthd;.

V) ngUik kdpjid ,opTgLj;jf; $baJ. gzpNth cau;itAk; ntw;wpiaAk;

ey;ff; $baJ.


Nfhs; nrhy;yy;Nfhs; nrhy;yy;Nfhs; nrhy;yy;Nfhs; nrhy;yy;Nfhs; nrhy;yy;

Gwk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; mNj ,lj;jpy; Fu;Md; Nfhs; nrhy;tJ gw;wpAk;

Fwpg;gpl;bUf;fpwJ. xU kdpjd; nrhd;d xU tplaj;ij kw;nwhUtdplk; mg;gbNa

nrhy;tJ my;yJ jpupGgLj;jpr; nrhy;tJ> mjD}lhf gifikfs;> FNuhjq;fs;

tsu;e;J el;GwTf;Ff; fsq;fk; Vw;gLj;j KidtJ NfhshFk;.

~~egpNa! vLj;jjw;nfy;yhk;) rj;jpak; nra;Ak; ve;j ePridAk; ePu; topg;glhjPu;.

mtd; rjh (Gwk; Ngrpf;) Fw;wq; $wp> Nfhs; nrhy;tijNa njhopyhff;

nfhz;L jpupgtd;. (68:10-11)

~~Nfhs; nrhy;ypj; jpupgtd; Rtdk; Eioakhl;lhd;|| (G`hup)

egp (]y;) mtu;fs; xU fg;upd; gf;fj;jhy; nrd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghJ ,f;fg;upy;

cs;stu; Nfhs; nrhd;d fhuzj;jpdhy; Ntjidg;gLj;jg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;

vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;fs;. (G`hup)

Gwk; Ngry;Gwk; Ngry;Gwk; Ngry;Gwk; Ngry;Gwk; Ngry;

(vtUila Fw;wj;ijAk;) ePq;fs; JUtpj; JUtp tprhupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f

Ntz;lhk;. cq;fspy; xUtu; kw;nwtiuAk; Gwk; Ngr Ntz;lhk;. (49:1)

~~Gwk; NgRjy; vd;why; vd;d vd;W ePq;fs; mwptPu;fsh? vd egp (]y;)

mtu;fs; ]`hghf;fis Nehf;fpf; Nfl;lhu;fs;. mjw;F mtu;fs; ~~my;yh`;Tk;

mtd; J}jUNk mwptu;|| vdg; gjpy; nrhd;dhu;fs;. ~~cdJ rNfhjud; ntWf;Fk;

xU mk;rj;ijg; gw;wpf; $WtNj GwkhFk;|| vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;.

~~nrhy;Yk; tplak; mr;rNfhjupdlk; ,Ue;jhYkh?|| vdf; Nfl;fg;gl;lJ. ~~eP

mtdplk; cs;sijf; $wpdhy; Gwk; Ngrptpl;lha;. ,y;yhjijf; $wpdhy;

mtd; kPJ mghz;lk; Rkj;jp tpl;lha;|| vd egp (]y;) mtu;fs; gjpyspj;jhu;fs;.

(K];ypk;)

Gwk; mLj;jtu;fsJ fz;zpak;> khdk; Mfpatw;iwg; gwpj;J tpLfpd;wJ.

ehTfisG; Gwk; NgRtjpypUe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Ngrpdhy;

ey;yijg; Ngr Ntz;Lk;. ,d;Nwy; nksdk; rhjpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xU kdpjd; tpUk;ghj tpjj;jpy; mtdJ Njhw;wk;> gz;Gfs;> guk;giu gw;wpg;

NgRtJk; GwkhFk;. xUKiw Map\h (wop) mtu;fs;> ]gpa;ah (uop) mtu;fs;

Fl;ilahdtu; vdg; Ngrpaijf; Nfl;l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; Map\hit Nehf;fp

~~ePu; ,g;NghJ Ngrpa thu;j;ijia fly;ePupy; fye;Jtpl;lhy; mJ $l ehrkhfptpLk;

vd;whu;. (mg+jht+j;)

~~cq;fspy; vtDk; jd;Dila rNfhjudpd; khkprj;ijg; Grpf;f tpUk;Gthdh?

mjid ePq;fs; ntWg;gPu;fNs! (Gwk; NgRtJk; mt;thNw) ePq;fs; my;yh ;̀tpw;Fg;

gae;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. (49:12)

mtJ}W $wy;mtJ}W $wy;mtJ}W $wy;mtJ}W $wy;mtJ}W $wy;

~~vtu; fw;Gila ngz;fs; kPJ mtJ}W $wp (mjw;F Ntz;ba) ehd;F rhl;rpfis

mtu;fs; nfhz;L tuhtpl;lhy;> mtu;fis ePq;fs; vz;gJ firab mbAq;fs;.

gpd;du; mj;jifatu;fs; $Wk; rhl;rpaj;ij vf;fhyj;jpYk; xg;Gf;nfhs;shjPu;fs;.

epr;rakhf mtu;fs; (tuk;G kPwpa) jPatu;fs;. (24:4)


mtJ}W $WtJ ngUk; Fw;wkhFk;. mjw;F 80 firabfs; toq;Fk;gb

,];yhk; $WfpwJ. mtJ}W ghuJ}ukhd Fw;wk; vd;gjdhNyNa fLk; jz;lid

tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtJ}W $wpatupd; rhl;rpaj;ij mtu; ,wf;Fk;tiu Vw;Wf;

nfhs;tjpy;iy. mtiu gh]pf; (ngUk; ghtp) vd Fu;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

xUtd; tpgr;rhuj;jpy; <LgLtij ,d;ndhUtu; fhZk; gl;rj;jpy; mtu; mJ

gw;wp vtUlDk; Ngrpj; jpupayhfhJ. Mdhy;> ehd;F Ngu; Nru;e;J fhz

Neu;e;jhy; NeNu ePjpgjpaplk; nrd;W njuptpj;J tpgr;rhu Fw;wj;ij ep&gpf;fyhk;.

mtJ}Wf;fhd jz;lid ,t;tsT fLikahf mikaf; fhuzk; khdj;ij

tpl cyfpy; kpfg; ngWkjp tha;e;j nrhj;J NtW vJTkpy;iy vd;gjdhyhFk;.

l nghJthf xOf;f khz;GfNshL tho;tJ Md;kPfj;ijr; rPu;g;gLj;Jk;. cz;ik

Ngrp> gpwUld; md;ghf ele;J> gpwu; eyd; Ngzpr; nraw;gLk;NghJ mJ

Md;kPfj;ij tpUj;jpAwr; nra;Ak;.

l mbg;gilahd tzf;f topghLfs; Md;kPf Nkk;ghl;il mbg;gilahff;

nfhz;lit. ~, ;̀yh];| vd;w J}a vz;zkpd;wp ve;j ,ghjj;Jk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl

khl;lhJ. vdNt mJ gpujhdkhdJ.

l nghJthf jPa gz;GfSld; tho;tJ Md;kPfj;ijAk; ghjpf;Fk;. Nfhs; Ngrp>

Gwk; Ngrpj; jpupfpd;w xUtupd; Md;khTk; kpfg; gytPdkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

l NkYs;s fUj;Jf;fis egp (]y;) mtu;fs; ,uj;jpdr; RUf;fkhf fPo;tUk;

`jP]py; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;fs;.

~~ahu; jdJ cs;sj;ij gupRj;jkhd <khDlDk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> jdJ

ehit cz;ik Ngrf; $bajhfTk; jdJ Md;khit mikjp ngw;wjhfTk;

jdJ gz;Gfisr; rPuhdjhfTk; mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;whNuh mtu;jhd; ntw;wp

ngw;wtu;. (,g;D `pg;ghd;)


gb gb gb gb gb I xOf;fk;> my;-mf;yhf; vd;w gjk; Fwpj;J khztu;fs; tpsq;fp

itj;jpUg;git gw;wp fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis ehd;F FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfis toq;fp

mit gw;wpj; jfty; jpul;l topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

- xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lk;

- ,];yhk; xOf;f tho;Tf;Ff; nfhLj;Js;s Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

- K];ypkplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;

- Md;kPf Nkk;ghl;Lf;fhd ,];yhkpa topfhl;ly;fs;

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FOTk; jpul;ba fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;J fUj;Jg; gupkhw

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wj;jpd; rhuhk;rj;ij xt;nthUtUk; vOjpf; nfhs;s

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.



• Kfk;kj; my; f];]hyp> (2004)> ,];yhkpa xOf;f khz;Gfs;> nrd;id> ,yf;fpar;

Nrhiy ntspaPL.

• mfhu; Kfk;kj; V.]P. (1991)> egptop I, II, NgUty> my;fyk; gjpg;gfk;.

• f];]hyp ,khk;> (1986)> gjtp Nkhfk;> nrd;id> Adptu;]y; gg;sp\u;];.

• f];]hyp ,khk;> (1986)> ehafj;jpd; ew;gz;Gfs;> nrd;id> Adptu;]y; gg;sp\u;];.

• mf;uk; Kfk;kj;> (2004)> Md;kpf tho;T NghjidfSk; KiwikfSk;> g];ahiy>

K]y;khd; gjpg;gfk;.

• Rf;up vk;.V.vk;. (1999)> ,];yhkpa tho;tpay; Nfhl;ghLfs;> NgUty> esPkpa;ah

,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.

• ,];khapy; v];.vr;.vk;. (2000)> ,];yhkpa xOf;ftpay;> FUehfy;> [.m.]{.K.


Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0Nju;r;rp 10.0 ::::: xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fpxOf;fk; gw;wpa ,];yhkpa fz;Nzhl;lj;ij tpsq;fp

mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijAk; mjid tsu;f;Fk;

KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.KiwfisAk; mwpe;J xOFthu;.

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; 10.110.110.110.110.1 ::::: ,];yhk; $Wk; xOf;fg; NghjidfisAk; topKiwfisAk;

gpuNahfpj;J ,];yhkpa xOf;fj;ijf; filg;gpbg;ghu;

fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk;fhyk; : : : : : 30 ghlNtisfs;

fw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgWfw;wy; NgW : : : : : l xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd Nghjidfis

tpsq;fp tho;tpy; filg;gpbj;J xOFthu;.

l jdpegu; tho;tpYk; FLk;g tho;tpYk; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f

xOf;fq;fis mwpe;J filg;gpbj;J tUtNjhL> gpwiuAk;

mjd; top elf;fj; J}z;Lthu;.


l xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghjidfSk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdxOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghjidfSk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdxOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghjidfSk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdxOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghjidfSk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhdxOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd NghjidfSk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

topKiwfSk;topKiwfSk;topKiwfSk;topKiwfSk;topKiwfSk;

l ,];yhk; mjd; Nfhl;ghLfs;> tzf;f topghLfs;> rl;ljpl;lq;fs; Clhf

xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Nghjidfis toq;fpAs;sJ.

l my;yh`; xUtd;> mtdJ rl;ljpl;lq;fis tho;tpy; vLj;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;

vd;w Nfhl;ghL> jplcWjp> kdXu;ik> ijupak;> rPu;ik Nghd;w xOf;fq;fis

Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. egpkhu;fisAk; Ntjq;fisAk; <khd; nfhs;tjD}lhf r%f

xw;WikAk;> gpwiu kjpf;Fk; gz;Gk;> rkhjhd tpUg;gKk; cUthfpd;wJ.

,JNghd;W ~~my; foh ty; fj;u;|| NtW gy ew;gz;Gfis epiyepWj;Jfpd;wJ.

kdpjdpd; Muk;gk; gw;wp ,];yhj;jpd; epiyg;ghL rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;>

Nghd;wtw;Wf;F topfhl;Lfpd;wJ.

l ,];yhk; gzpj;Js;s tzf;f topghLfs; xOf;fg; gz;Gfis cUthf;FtijAk;

Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;lit.

l nfhLf;fy;-thq;fy;> FLk;g tho;T> Fw;wtpay; njhlu;ghd rl;ljpl;lq;fs; vd;gd

xOf;ftpaiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. msit epWitfspy; Nkhrb

nra;af; $lhJ vd;gJk; rkePjp Ngzg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; Vkhw;W> Nkhrb>

ngha; Kw;whfj; jtpu;f;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; nfhLf;fy;-thq;fypy; cs;s

mbg;gil mk;rq;fshFk;.

l ,];yhk; FLk;g tho;tpy; ek;gpf;if> xj;Jiog;G> Gupe;Jzu;T> tpl;Lf;nfhLg;G>

md;G> mutizg;G> nghWg;Gg; gfpu;T vd;gd Nghd;wd ew;gz;Gfs;

cUthtjw;fhd Nghjidfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilNa xOf;f tho;itg; ghJfhg;gjhf mike;Js;

sJ. nfhiy> kJ> mtJ}W> fsT Nghd;wd kpfj; njspthd Ju;f;Fzq;fshFk;.

l ,];yhk; kWikapy; fpilf;Fk; mgupkpjkhd ed;ikfis tpgupj;J> xOf;f

tho;Tf;Fj; J}z;LNfhy; toq;Ffpd;wJ. kWikapy; K];ypkpd; juhrpy; kpfg;

ghukhdJ ew;gz;Gfs; vd;Wk; jdf;F kpf neUf;fkhf ,Uf;fj; jFjpahdtu;


ey;nyhOf;fKilatu; vd;Wk; egp (]y;) mtu;fs; $wpAs;sik ,jw;F ey;y

rhd;whFk;.

l egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kdpj tho;Tf;F Kd;khjpupahdtu;. tho;tpd; midj;Jj;

JiwfspYk; mtu; xU rpwe;j topfhl;b. vdNt> xOf;fk; rhu;e;j mtuJ

tho;itg; gpd;gw;WtJk; rpwe;j ,ghjj;jhFk;@ ]{d;dhthFk;.

l ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; xOf;fg; gz;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

topKiwfSk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

l ,];yhkpa mfPjh rPuhfTk; cWjpahfTk; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;

epiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; Njhou;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l kpfg;

g+uzkhd ew;gz;Gfs; mtu;fs; Vw;wpUe;j nfhs;ifapy; cWjpahf

,Ue;jikahNyNa cUthapd. vdNt> <khdpa czu;it mjpfg;gLj;JtjD}lhf

ew;gz;Gfis mjpfupf;fr; nra;aTk; eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; mJ Jizahf

mikAk;.

l ,];yhk; flikahf;fpAs;s tzf;f topghLfis ntWkNd xU rlq;fhf

vz;zhky; mtw;wpd; jhw;gupaq;fis czu;e;J> nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ

xOf;fkhz;Gfs; eilKiwf;F tUtJ ,yFthf mikAk;.

l ,];yhk; tFj;Js;s rl;ljpl;lq;fis mr;nrhl;lhfg; gpd;gw;WtjD}lhfTk;

xOf;f tho;it eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L tuyhk;.

l tho;tpd; xt;nthU re;ju;g;gj;ijAk; ,iw czu;TlDk; (jf;th) J}a vz;zj;Jl

Dk; (,f;yh];) fopf;Fk;NghJ jPa Fzq;fs; cUthtjw;F tha;g;Gfs; mUfptpLk;.

l ~~`jP]{y; Kg;yp];|| Clhf ,ghjj;fspd; mjpfupg;Gf;F Vw;g ew;gz;GfSk;

xOf;ftpOkpaq;fSk; mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nghjid ngwg;gLtjhy; jPa

xOf;fq;fisj; jtpu;j;J> ey;nyhOf;fq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; J}z;LNfhs;

toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

l ngw;Nwhupd; fz;fhzpg;Gk; tPl;Lr; #oYk;> fy;tpj;jhgdk;> gs;spthry; Nghd;w

nghJ epWtdq;fs;> Cu;j; jiyikj;Jtk; Nghd;wd ,t;tplaj;jpy; fupridAk;

fz;fhzpg;Gk; fhl;LtjD}lhf nghJ xOf;f tho;it eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk;.

l K];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f tho;NthLK];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f tho;NthLK];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f tho;NthLK];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f tho;NthLK];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f tho;NthL

njhlu;ghd xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;njhlu;ghd xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;njhlu;ghd xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;njhlu;ghd xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;njhlu;ghd xOf;fg; gz;Gfs;

l jdpkdpjg; gz;Gfs;

,tw;iw ,uz;lhf tFf;fyhk;.

1. Md;kPf uPjpahd gz;Gfs;:

jf;th> ,`;yh];> tu/> ]{`;j;> F\_/> Kuhfgh> K`h]gh> jtf;Fy;> upoh>

k`g;gJy;yh`; Nghd;wd ,j;jifa gz;GfshFk;.

2. nghJthd gz;Gfs;

cz;ik> ehzak;> ed;wpAzu;T> J}a;ik> ,uf;fk;> ntl;fk;> nghWik>

mtatq;fisg; NgZjy;> Neuk; NgZjy;> jpahfk; Nghd;w gz;GfshFk;.


l FLk;g tho;NthL njhlu;ghd gz;Gfs;

md;G> tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;> Gupe;Jzu;T> nghWg;Gf;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;sy;>

epjhdk;> xj;Jiog;G> Kd;Djhuzkhf tho;jy; Nghd;wd FLk;gk; rhu; xOf;f

khz;GfshFk;.

l r%f tho;NthL njhlu;ghd gz;Gfs;

ed;ikia Vtpj; jPikiaj; jLj;jy;> gpw kdpju;fs;> capupdq;fs; kPJ md;G

itj;jy;> gpwiu kjpj;jy;> ]yhk; $Wjy;> Jk;kYf;Fg; gjpy; $Wjy;> Neha;

tprhupj;jy;> [dh]hitg; gpd;njhlu;jy;> cjtp xj;jhir Gupjy;> jPq;fpiof;fhjp

Uj;jy;> fld; nfhLj;jy;> cwtpdu;> mayhu; eyd; NgZjy;> tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jy;>

kd;dpj;jy;> <if tpUe;Njhk;gy;> gpwu; tplaj;jpy; ePjp Ngzy;> rkj;Jtk;>

rNfhjuj;Jtk;> jiyikj;Jtk;> rkepiy Ngzy;> gpwu; eyd; Ngzy; Nghd;wd

r%f tho;tpy; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba gz;GfshFk;.

l xU K/kpdplk; jdpkdpj> FLk;g> r%f uPjpahd gz;Gfs; tho;tpy;

mKy;gLj;jg;gLk; NghJjhd; mtdJ ,];yhkpa tho;T g+uzkilfpd;wJ.


gb gb gb gb gb I xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Nghjidfis eilKiwg;gLj;J

tjw;fhd topKiwfs; gw;wpAk; K];ypk;fsplk; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba

xOf;fg; gz;Gfs; gw;wpAk; khztu;fs; tpsq;fpapUg;git gw;wpf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb II khztu;fis ehd;F FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J> xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; gpd;tUk;

jiyg;Gf;fis toq;Fq;fs;.

- xOf;fj;ij tpUj;jp nra;J eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,];yhkpag;

Nghjidfs;

- jdpkdpjdpYk;> FLk;gj;jpYk; xOf;f khz;Gfs; typikapoe;J

tUtjw;fhd fhuzq;fSk; mtw;iw eptu ;j ;j pg ;gjw ;fhd

topKiwfSk;.

- r%f tho;tpy; xOf;fj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fj; jilahf cs;stw;iw

milahsk; fz;L mtw;iw ePf;Ftjw;fhd topKiwfs;.

- ghlrhiy tho;tpy; xOf;fj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd nraw;

wpl;lnkhd;iw cUthf;Fjy;.

gb gb gb gb gb III xt;nthU FOTk; jpul;ba fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;Jf; fUj;Jg; gupkhwr;

re;ju;g;gk; toq;Fq;fs;.

gb gb gb gb gb IV fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wj;jpd; rhuhk;rj;ij xt;nthUtUk; vOjpf; nfhs;s

mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.



• Kfk;kj; my; f];]hyp> (2004)> ,];yhkpa xOf;f khz;Gfs;> nrd;id> ,yf;fpar;

Nrhiy ntspaPL.

• mfhu; Kfk;kj; V.]P. (1991)> egptop I, II, NgUty> my;fyk; gjpg;gfk;.

• f];]hyp ,khk;> (1986)> gjtp Nkhfk;> nrd;id> Adptu;]y; gg;sp\u;];.

• f];]hyp ,khk;> (1986)> ehafj;jpd; ew;gz;Gfs;> nrd;id> Adptu;]y; gg;sp\u;];.

• mf;uk; Kfk;kj;> (2004)> Md;kpf tho;T NghjidfSk; KiwikfSk;> g];ahiy>

K]y;khd; gjpg;gfk;.

• Rf;up vk;.V.vk;. (1999)> ,];yhkpa tho;tpay; Nfhl;ghLfs;> NgUty> esPkpa;ah

,];yhkpa ntspaPl;Lg; gzpafk;.

• ,];khapy; v];.vr;.vk;. (2000)> ,];yhkpa xOf;ftpay;> FUehfy;> [.m.]{.K.


ghlrhiy kl;lf;ghlrhiy kl;lf;ghlrhiy kl;lf;ghlrhiy kl;lf;ghlrhiy kl;lf;

fzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPLfzpg;gPL


ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPLghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPL

mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; - kjpg;gPL Mfpad fy;tpr; nrad;Kiwfspd; Kf;fpa %d;W

$WfshFk; vd;gJk;> fw;wy; fw;gpj;jypd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mwpa fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPl;il

gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gJk; vy;yh Mrpupah;fSk; njspthf mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;ba

xU tplakhFk;. mit xd;wd; kPJ xd;W nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; mNjNtis

xt;nthd;Wk; kw;iwatw;wpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jfpd;wd vd;gJ

Mrpupah;fs; ahtUk; mwpe;j cz;ikahFk;. njhlh; (epjKk; epfOk;) kjpg;gPl;Lf;

Nfhl;ghLfSf;fpzq;f fw;wy; eilngWk; NghNj kjpg;gPLk; ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. ,J

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; Muk;gg;gFjp> ,ilg;gFjp> ,Wjpg;gFjp Mfpa

ve;j xU re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; ,lk; ngwyhk; vd;gij Mrpupah;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tJ

mtrpakhFk;. jkJ khztiu kjpg;gpl vjpu;ghu;f;Fk; Xh; Mrpupah; fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy;

kjpg;gPL Mfpad njhlh;ghd xOq;fhd jpl;lnkhd;iwg; gad;gLj;jy; mtrpak;.

ghlrhiyia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l fzpg;gPl;L Ntiyj;jpl;lkhdJ xU guPl;ir

KiwNah Nrhjid elhj;JtNjh my;y. mJ khzth;fsJ fw;wiyAk;> Mrpupah;fsJ

fw;gpj;jiyAk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU jiyaPlhFk;. Mjyhy;

khzth;fSf;F mUfpy; ,Ue;J mth;fSila gyq;fisAk; gytPdq;fisAk;

,dq;fz;L mtw;wpw;F gupfhuk; fz;lthW khzth;fis mth;fsJ cr;r tsu;r;rp

kl;lj;ij milar; nra;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba xU Ntiyj; jpl;lkhFk;.

fw;wy;- fw;gpj;jy; nrad;%yk; Njly; nrad;Kiwapd; ghy; khzth;fs;

topg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wdh;. ghlrhiyia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fzpg;gPl;L

Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ khzth;fspilNa Mrpupah; rQ;rupj;J mth;fs;

nra;Ak; Ntiyfis mtjhdpj;J topfhl;liy toq;fpr; nraw;gly; Ntz;Lk; vd

vjpu ;ghu ;f ;fg ;gLfpd;wJ. ,q;F khzth;fs; njhlu ;r ;rpahf kjpg ;g Pl ;Lf;F

cs;shf;fg;gLtNjhL khzth; Mw;wy; mgptpUj;jp vjpu;ghu;j;jthW eilngWfpd;wjh

vd;gij Mrpupau; cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

khztUf;F jf;f mDgtq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhLj;J mtw;iw khzth;fs; rupahfg;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhh;fsh vd cWjpg;gLj;jy; fw;wy;-fw;gpj;jy; Clhfj; epfo Ntz;Lk;.

mj;NjhL mjw;F jf;f topfhl;ly; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. kjpg;gPl;by; (fzpg;gPl;by;)

<Lgl;Ls;s Mrpupah;fs; jkJ khzth;fSf;F ,uz;L tifahd topfhl;ly;fis

toq;f KbAk;. mit nghJthf gpd;D}l;ly;> Kd;D}l;ly; vdg;gLk;.

khzth;fspd; gytPdq;fisAk; ,ayhikfisAk; fz;;;lwpe;jNghJ mth;fsJ

fw;wy; gpur;rpidfis eptu;j;jpg;gjw;fhfg; gpd;D}l;liyAk; khztu;fspd; jpwikfisAk;

Mw;wy;fisAk; ,dk;fhZk;NghJ mtw;iw Nkd;gLj;j> Kd;D}l;liyAk; toq;FtJ

Mrpupaupd; flikahFk;.

fw;wy;- fw;gpj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; ntw;wpf;fhf ghlnewpapd; Nehf;fq;fSs; ve;j

Nehf;fj;ij ve;j kl;lj;jpy; epiwNtw;w Kbe;jJ vd;gij ,dq;fhzy;> khzth;fSf;F

mtrpakhfpd;wJ. kjpg;gPLfs; %yk; khzth;fs; mile;Js;s Nju;r;rp kl;lq;fisj;

jPu;khdpj;jy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l MrpupauplkpUe;J vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. khztu;fs;>

Mrpupau;fs;> NtW gpuptpdu;fSf;F khzth;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wpa jfty;fis

mwptpg;gjw;F Mrpupau; Kida Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;Fg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba kpfTk;

nghUj;jkhd Kiw> njhlu;r;rpahf khztiu kjpg;gPl;Lf;F cl;gLj;j tha;g;gspf;Fk;

ghlrhiy kl;l kjpg;gPl;L KiwahFk;.


Nkw;gb Nehf;fj;Jld; nraw;gLk; Mrpupah;fs; jkJ fw;gpj;jy; nrad;KiwiaAk;

khzth;fspd; fw;wy; nrad;KiwiaAk; NkYk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf;Ftjw;F

tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f fw;wy; -fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gply; Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

,J njhlu;ghf Mrpupau;fSf;Fk; khzth;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jj; jf;f mZFKiwg;

Ngjq;fs; (tiffs;) rpy fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ePz;lfhykhf Mrpupau;fSf;F

Njrpa fy;tp epWtdj;jpdhYk;> guPl;ir jpizf;fsj;jpdhYk; tpsf;fkspf;fg;gl;l

KiwfshFk;. vdNt mit njhlu;ghf ghlrhiyj; njhFjpiar; Nru;e;j Mrpupau;fs;

Nghjpa mwpt+l;lk; ngw;wpUg;gh; vd vjph;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mg;Ngjq;fs; tUkhW.

1. xg;gilfs;

2. nraw;wpl;lq;fs;

3. mstha;Tfs;

4. Njbaha;Tfs;.

5. mtjhdpg;Gf;fs;

6. fz;fhl;rp / Kd;itj;jy;fs;

7. fsr; Rw;Wyhf;fs;

8. FWfpa vOj;Jg; guPl;irfs;

9. mikg;Gf; fl;Liufs;

10. jpwe;j E}y; Nrhjidfs;

11. Mf;fr; nraw;ghLfs;

12. nrtpkLj;jy; Nrhjidfs;

13. nra;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfs;

14. Ngr;Rf;fs;

15. Ra Mf;fq;fs;

16. FOr; nraw;ghLfs;

17. vz;zf;fU glq;fs;

18. ,ul;ilg; gjpT - N[h;dy;

19. Rth;g; gj;jpupiffs;

20. tpdh-tpil epfo;r;rpfs;

21. tpdh-tpilg; Gj;jfq;fs;

22. tpthjq;fs;

23. FOf; fye;Jiuahly;fs;

24. fUj;juq;Ffs;.

25. cldb Maj;jkpd;wpa nrhw;nghopT

26. ghj;jpuNkw;W ebj;jy;

mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;s Nkw;gb fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; kjpg;gPl;L Kiwfs;

midj;ijAk;> vy;yhg; ghlq;fspdJ vy;yh myFfSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;j

vjpu;ghu;fg;gltpy;iy. jkJ ghlj;jpw;Fk; Fwpj;j ghl myfpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd

Ngjq;fisj; njupT nra;Jnfhs;tjw;F mwpt+l;lk; ngw Ntz;Lk;.

Mrpupah; mwpTiug;gb topfhl;bapy; jkJ khzth;fspd; fw;wy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij

fzpg;gplg; gad;gLj;jf;$ba fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; kw;Wk; kjpg;gPl;Lg; Ngjq;fs; gw;wpf;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mrpupah;fs; jkJ khzth;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf mtw;iwj;

jf;fthW gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;iwg; gad;gLj;jhJ jtpu;;j;jy; khztu; jkJ

mwpthw;wy; kw;Wk; cs vOr;rp> cs ,af;f jpwd;fis tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;

mtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; jilahf mikAk;.


ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;Kjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtizKjyhk; jtiz

fUtp ,yf;fk;fUtp ,yf;fk;fUtp ,yf;fk;fUtp ,yf;fk;fUtp ,yf;fk; ::::: 0 10 10 10101

Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp ::::: 7 .07.07.07.07.0

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ::::: 7 .27.27.27.27.2

fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: xg;gilxg;gilxg;gilxg;gilxg;gil

tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Gf;fis Mjhukhf itj;J ,yq;ifapy;

,];yhk; mwpKfkhd gpd;dzpia Xu; xg;gil jahupf;f

xt;nthU khztidAk; topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

gpd;tUk; epajpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.gpd;tUk; epajpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.gpd;tUk; epajpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.gpd;tUk; epajpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.gpd;tUk; epajpfspd; mbg;gilapy; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.

epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;

1. xg;gilapd; Fwpf;Nfhis tpsf;FjYk;

Fwpf;Nfhs;fSf;Fk; jiyg;Gf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;ig ntspaplYk;

2. juT> jfty;fs; Nrfupg;gjw;fhff;

ifahz;l Kiwfspd; nghUj;jg;ghL

3. juT> jfty; Nrfupj;jYk; mtw;iwg;

gjpT nra;jYk;.

4. gad;gLj;jpa cj;jpfspd; nghUj;jg;

ghLk; jh;f;fuPjpahd jd;ikAk;.

5. KbTf;F tUjYk; mtw;Ww;F fhuzk;

fhl;lYk; Mf;fj;ij Kd;itj;jYk;.

ngw;w Gs;spfspd; $l;Lj;njhif

ngw;w nkhj;j ,Wjpg; Gs;sp = Gs;spfs;

Nju;;r;rp kl;lj;jpid Nju;;r;rp kl;lj;jpid Nju;;r;rp kl;lj;jpid Nju;;r;rp kl;lj;jpid Nju;;r;rp kl;lj;jpid

Gs;sp toq;fy;Gs;sp toq;fy;Gs;sp toq;fy;Gs;sp toq;fy;Gs;sp toq;fy;

mile;Js;shh; milatpy;iy

2

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

4 3 2 1

20

10






fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: FOf; fye;Jiuahly;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;FOf; fye;Jiuahly;

ngw;whu; gps;isfSf;Fk;> gps;is ngw;whUf;Fk; epiw

Ntw;w Ntz;ba flik> cupikfs; gw;wp khztupilNa

FOf; fye;Jiuahly; xd;iw elhj;j topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



1. fw;ww; nrad;KiwAld; fhl;Lk;

nghUj;jg;ghL

2. FOf;fye;;Jiuahliy xOq;F nra;jy;>

newpg;gLj;jy;> jiyg;Gf;fis xJf;fpf;

nfhs;sy; mwpTWj;jy;fisg; gpd;gw;wy;

3. fye;Jiuahliy Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yj;

jf;fthW tpUj;jpfukhd tifapy;

fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jy;

4. Kd;itf;fg;gLk; fUj;Jf;fspd;

Mf;fg+u;tkhd> fzprkhd> ju;f;f

uPjpahd jd;ik

5. nghopg;ghf;fYk; KbTfSk; KbTf;fSf;

fhd fhuzq;fis Kd;itj;jYk;






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tpthf tpyf;F jdp kdpjupYk; FLk;gj;jpYk; r%fj;jpYk;

Vw;gLj;jpAs;s ghjf tpisTfs; gw;wpaNjhu; FOf;

fye;Jiuahliy Nkw;nfhs;s khztu;fis topg;gLj;

Jq;fs;.




nghUj;jg;ghL

2. FOthf ciuahliy xOq;F nra;jy;>








uPjpahd jd;ik








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ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz,uz;lhk; jtiz




fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: cldbr; nrhw;nghopTcldbr; nrhw;nghopTcldbr; nrhw;nghopTcldbr; nrhw;nghopTcldbr; nrhw;nghopT

gpd;tUk; ,U jiyg;Gf;fisAk; toq;fp khztu;fs;

jahuhtjw;F 20 epkplq;fs; toq;Fq;fs;. gpd;du; xt;nthU

tUf;Fk; mtw;Ws; VNjDk; xU jiyg;ig toq;fp 7

epkplq;fs; ciuahw;w topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.

1. tPl;il ,];yhkpakag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd topKiwfs;

2. tho;tpy; `yhy;-ùhk; NgZtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;


epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;epajpfs;(nrhw;nghopTf;F cupa epajpfs;);(nrhw;nghopTf;F cupa epajpfs;);(nrhw;nghopTf;F cupa epajpfs;);(nrhw;nghopTf;F cupa epajpfs;);(nrhw;nghopTf;F cupa epajpfs;);

1. mZFKiwAk; jiyg;igj; njspthf

Kd;itj;jYk; mjd; nghUj;jg;ghLk;.

2. xOq;fikg;G> jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

thW tplaq;fis Kd;itj;jy;> nkhopr;

nrk;ik

3. rpwg;ghd nkhopg; gpuNahfq;fs;>

Nkw;Nfhs;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw

gad;gLj;jy;> Mf;fg+h;tkhd jd;ik

4. njspT> Fuy; fl;Lg;ghL> Kfghtid>

mq;f mirTfs;> Neuf;fg;ghL> rupahd

cr;rupg;G

5. njhFg;;G> KbTfSf;F fhuzk; fhl;ly;






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jhk; thOk; gpuNjrj;jpy; gpw r%fj;jtu;fSldhd

me;epNahd;ak; Fwpj;J FOf; fye;Jiuahlnyhd;iw

elhj;j khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.




nghUj;jg;ghL

2. FOthf ciuahliy xOq;F nra;jy;>








uPjpahd jd;ik








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fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: Rth;g; gj;jpupifRth;g; gj;jpupifRth;g; gj;jpupifRth;g; gj;jpupifRth;g; gj;jpupif

capu;fsplj;jpy; md;G> ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s kdpj

cupikfs;> r%fj;ij topelhj;Jk; epWtdk; k];[pj;

Mfpa mk;rq;fis cs;slf;fp khztu;fsJ gy;NtWgl;l

Mf;fq;fisf; nfhz;like;j xU Rtu;g; gj;jpupif

jahupf;f khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



1. fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nrad;KiwAld;

fhl;Lk; njhlu;G> nghUj;jg;ghL

2. xOq;fikTk; nghJthdjhf ,Uj;jYk;

3. moFgLj;Jtjw;fhf ifahsg;gl;Ls;s

cj;jpfSk; mtw;wpd; nghUj;jg;ghLk;

4. cs;slf;fj;jpd; Mf;fg+h;tkhd

jd;ikAk; ju;f;fuPjpahd jd;ikAk;.

5. Rth; nra;jpg;gj;jpupif vd;wtifapy;

Mf;fj;jpd; ntw;wpfukhd jd;ik






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ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;ghlrhiy kl;lf; fzpg;gPl;bw;fhd cj;Njrf; fUtpfs;%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz%d;whk; jtiz




fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: xg;gilxg;gilxg;gilxg;gilxg;gil

,];yhk; mDkjpj;Js;s nghUsPl;ly; topKiwfs; gw;wp

Xu; xg;gil jahupf;f khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



1. xg;gilapd; Fwpf;Nfhis tpsf;FjYk;

Fwpf;Nfhs;fSf;Fk; jiyg;Gf;Fk;

,ilapyhd njhlu;ig ntspaplYk;

2. juT> jfty;fs; Nrfupg;gjw;fhff;

ifahz;l Kiwfspd; nghUj;jg;ghL

3. juT> jfty; Nrfupj;jYk; mtw;iwg;

gjpT nra;jYk;.

4. gad;gLj;jpa cj;jpfspd; nghUj;jg;

ghLk; jh;f;fuPjpahd jd;ikAk;.

5. KbTf;F tUjYk; mtw;Ww;F fhuzk;

fhl;lYk; Mf;fj;ij Kd;itj;jYk;.






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fUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ikfUtpapd; jd;ik ::::: tpthjk;tpthjk;tpthjk;tpthjk;tpthjk;

~~,];yhk; xd;Nw ngz;fSf;F kfj;jhd me;j];ij

toq;fpf; nfsutg;gLj;jpAs;sJ|| vd;w jiyg;gpy; xl;bAk;

ntl;bAk; NgRk; tpjkhf tpthjk; xd;iw Vw;ghL nra;a

khztu;fis topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.



1. mZFKiw jiyg;ig njspthf

mwpKfQ; nra;jy;

2. jiyg;Gf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW

tplaq;fis Kd;itj;jYk;

xOq;fikTk;.

3. jfty;fs; Mf;fg+h;tkhfTk;

ju;f;fuPjpaYk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;

4. nghUj;jkhd Kf ghtidAk; mq;f

mirTfSk; NeuKfhikAk;;

5. nghopg;ghf;fy; - KbTfisAk; mk;KbT

fSf;fhd fhuzq;fisAk; Kd;itj;jy;.






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Nju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rpNju;r;rp ::::: 10.010.010.010.010.0

Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk;Nju;r;rp kl;lk; ::::: 10.110.110.110.110.1


,d;W khztupilNa rPuope;J tUk; xOf;fg; gz;ghLfis

tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd topKiwfs; ahit vd;gJ Fwpj;J

FOf; fye;Jiuahly; xd;Wf;F khztu;fis topg;gLj;

Jq;fs;.




nghUj;jg;ghL

2. FOthf;fj;Jiuahliy xOq;F nra;jy;>


nfhs;sy;> mwpTWj;jy;fisg; gpd;gw;wy;


jf;f tifapy; tpUj;jpfukhd tifapy;



Mf;fg+u;tkhd> fzprkhd> ju;f;fuPjpahd

jd;ik

5. nghopg;ghf;fYk; KbTfSk;> KbTf;fSf;







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Documents

Islam Gr. 13.pmd ed