March & April - stammizoramorg.files.wordpress.com€¦ · 07/03/2020 · March & April, 2016 - 2 Mizoram Science Journal, Mar ch & April, 2016 Editorial Kan dam a, kan ti nek nek

Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016 - 1 -

Chairman

C. Lalrosanga

(943615-1168)

Editor

Lalrinthara Pachuau

( 986235-8768 )

Jt. Editor

Zothantluanga

(986239-9462)

K. Lallawmzuala

(986230-0576)

News Editor

Vanlaldinpuia

(943615-5739)

Members

Peter Lalsanga

P.C.Lalzoliana

Lalthangliana

Vanlalhuma

Lalchhuanawma

P.C.Lalrintluanga

Laldinpuia

Manager

Zothanliana

(986259-3245)

Publisher

Dr.R.Lalengmawia

(943619-6952)

Advisers

Revd. Chuauthuama

Lalnunsiama Colney

Vol. XXIX. No. 3 & 4

March & April, 2016

- 2 Mizoram Science Journal, March & April, 2016

Ed it or ia l

Kan dam a, kan ti nek nek a, |au thla kan lo kai leh ta reng mai. Kum 2016chhungin thla 3 pumhlum kan hmang zo ta der mai. Khang kan hun hmantawhah te khan thil \ha leh \ha lo tam tak kan ti tawh ngei anga,

chhinchhiahtlak tak tak te leh tuma hriat ve kan duh loh, miin an hre ve hlauh

ang tih kan hlauh ruk em em te pawh kan ti tel nawk tawh mai thei.

A enga pawh chu ni se, hmalama thil awmte bana, hnunglama kan tih dik loh

tawhte theihnghilha, hmasawn tuma beih fan fan chu kan tih tur a ni. Mihringte

min runtu ber chu kan nunhlui, kan lo chetsual tawhna te hi a ni duh hle.

Chutih hunah chuan mi chak lote chu an beidawng a, an tlu a, an nih tur ang

an nih loh phah fo. Chutihlaiin mi ropuite erawh chu an tlukna ata an thova,

an insiam \ha a, ahma aia chakzawkin an nung \hin.

Kan eizawnna leh zirna bakah kan mimal nunah harsatna eng emaw tal kan

tawk vek a, mahni harsatna \heuh hi lian berah kan dah vek bawk a. Hetih

hunah hian hmalam en tlata, beiseina nena mahni hmaa tih tur chhuak apiang

ti hmiah hmiah mai \hinte hi an hlawhtling \hin. Eng ang mi nge kan nih tih a

lan chhuahna ber chu harsatnaah hian a ni fo.

Kan zirna kawngah kan lo ti \ha duh vak lova, kan ti chhe ta hle a nih pawhin

beidawng lovang u. Hun kal tawh chu hun kal tawh nihtir ila, beiseina nen

bul i \an \ha leh ang u.


Kan environment humhalh ngai lem lo a i hriat chuan a hnuaia mi te hi han chhiar teh le ….

1. Toilet paper siam nan ringawt nitin thing 27,000 zet kih tluk a ni.

2. Aluminum hi chatuanin a recycle (siam\hat) theih a. Kum khat chhungin khawvel

pumpuiah aluminium bur (can) 8,00,00,00,00,00,000 (80 trillions) hmang ral ang

kan ni a. Aluminium bur khat recycle hian darkar 3 chhung TV en theihna tur energy

(electric current) kan hum (save) thei.

3. New York Times chanchinbu Sunday edition vawikhat tihchhuah nana an paper

hman atan ringawt hian thing 75,000 vel kih a ngai.

4. Kumpinu (United Kingdom)-a an chanchinbu (Newspaper) chhuah nana paper an

hman zawng zawng khu recycled paper vek a ni. Paper leh cardboard an recycle

avangin kum tin boruak \ha lo – greenhouse gases siamchhuah tur tonne nuai 110

(11 million) vel an tihtlem theih phah a ni. Chu chu car nuai 35 velin greenhouse

gases an pekchhuah ang hu a ni. Hetiang taka paper recycle nachang an hre tawh

chung hian paper leh carboard siam nan Wales ram tiat vel kum tin ram ngaw an la

tichereu tho a ni.

5. Paper tonne khat recycle hian thing puitling 17 vel kan chhanhim tluk a ni.

6. North America a cheng te khuan kum tin mi pakhatin paper kg 300 vel hmang zel

ang an ni a. Mi pakhat in kum khata a paper hman atan ringawt thing 465 kum tin

kih tluk ang a ni.

7. Paper bag hi plastic bag thlak nan thil \ha a ni chuang lo va. A chhan pawh paper

bag siam nan hian kum tin thing puitling nuai 140 vel kih tluk a ni. Tihdan \ha ber chu

a hman nawn reng theih avangin bag atan chuan puan hman hi a ni.

8. Plastic bag leh plastic a\anga thilsiam dang tuifinriat-a paih a tam lutuk avangin kum

tin tuifinriata nungcha awm maktaduai khat velin an thih phah.

9. Plastic hi kum 450 hnu ah a \awihral \an a, \awihral vek tur chuan kum 50 – 80 dang

a la mamawh.

-Dr. R.Lalengmawia


10. Bazar nana plastic bag hman 1%

chauh hi recycle leh a ni.

11. Glass bottle hi \awihral (decompose)

turin kum 4,000 a ngai.

12. Glass bottle pakhat recycle hian

electric bulb darkar 4 tih enna tham

current a hum (save) zel.

13. Khawvela tui awm zawng zawng 1%

chauh hi kan hman theih a ni a, 97%

hi tuifinriat a niin, 2% hi Arctic vur

tlang a ni.

14. Kum tinin tropical forest a thilnung

50,000 vel hi mang (extinct) a chhut

a ni a, nitin 137 vel mang ral ang vel

a ni.

15. Minute tinin rainforests hi acres 100

vel vah chereu a ni.

16. Khawvela thing upa ber ber te hi

kum 4,600 vela upa an ni.

17. USA-a thir an paihral mai mai khuan

motor siamtu company zawng

zawng ten motor siam nana an thir

mamawh englai pawhin a chawm zo

reng.

18. California ah khuan kum 1987 a\ang

khan thil in chi (beverage) bur an

recycle \an a. Tunah hian bur

tluklehdingawn 120 vel an recycle

tawh a. An bur recycle tawh zawng

hian khawvel hi vawi 375 a

vetchhuak thei tawh.

19. California state-ah tho hian an tuipui

vaukam a plastic hnawmhnawk

thenfai nan dollar vaibelchhe thum vel

an hmang a ni.

20. Hnam changkangho khuan bazar nan

plastic bag hman an uar viau a niang.

Mi pakhatin 22,000 vel hmang ang

zel an ni. Khawvel pum huap chuan

kum tin plastic bag hi tluklehdingawn

13 vel siamchhuah a ni a. Mi

pakhatin kum tin plastic bag 300 vel

hmang ang kan ni.

21. Cellphone hman tawh loh a zinc awm

zawng hi lakhawm ta se, lawng (ship)

lian tawk a sak theih tawh.

22. USA-a cheng ten thla 3 chhunga

aluminium cane an paih tling khawm

ringawt hian an ram puma

thlawhtheihna an mamawh zawng

zawng siamna a daih.

23. USA khuan bawlhhlawh an ngah viau

a niang; an hnawmhnawk (garbage)

paih nana an hman motor hi kan lei

a\ang hian thla (moon) pan zawngin

boruakah intlar ta se, kawng chanve

lai an awh thei ang !

24. Kan thil ei ningnawi paih hian

methane a siam a, methane hi carbon

dioxide aiin a let 20 in boruak a tilum

nasa zawk.

25. Heti taka ram changkangho an chet

hautak lai hian khawvel mihring

tluklehdingawn khat leh vaibelchhe


sawmsarih zetin electric current an

la dawng pha lo va,

tluklehdingawn hnih leh a chanve

in inthiarna mumal la nei lovin mi

tluklehdingawn khat zetin chaw

puar tawkin an la ei pha lo.

Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?Enge kan tih theih le?

Kan hriat reng atana \ha chu Sap \awnga 3R

an tih – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle hi a ni.

1.1.1.1.1. ReduceReduceReduceReduceReduce: A pawimawh hmasaber

chu mamawh tihtlem a ni. Inbual leh insukna,

hmai phihna, kutsilna leh ha nawhna chena

tui kan ren deuh khan kawngro a su nasa em

em a ni.

Light off nachang hriat a pawimawh hle.

Room chhuahsan dawnin light off \hin te, a

\ul hun chauhva TV leh tuilumna (geyser) on

te, computer games khelh tlem te hian nasa

takin energy kan save a lo ni.

Paper hman renchem hian thing kih tur tam

tak kih loh a nih phah a ni. Phek leh lam chauh

hman intihhmuh loh te, \ul lova lehkha inpek,

entirnan – mawhphurhna leh hriattirna dang

\awngka a inhrilh mai theih lehkha a inhriattir

kher ang chi te hi tihtlem tum ta ila.

Car leh two wheeler-a kal aiin bus-a chuan

uar ila, A \ha berah phei chuan ke a kal uar

ila. Ke a kal uar hi environment humhalhna

\ha tak a nih bakah hrisel nan a pawimawh

em em a ni. Zing taka exer lak (morning walk)

kher pawh hi a lo ngai lem lo. Chhunah pawh

ke a kal uar ila, hrisel nan thil \ha tak a ni.

Kan nunphung (lifestyle) hrim hrim pawh hi

environment tibuai lo zawng, eco-friendly

zawnga chet tum hram hram a \ul ta hle mai.

Ruai siam pawhin dispo plate leh dispo cup

kan hmang ta deuh zel mai a. A pack chi kan

ti ta zel bawk si nen. |awih ral- decompose

mai thei lo chi hi kan hmang nasa ta hle mai.

Nakina kan harsatna min thlentu tur awlsamna

hi kan ngah ta lutuk a ni.

Kan nitin mamawh hrim hrim hi nasa takin a

tihtlem theih bawk, Thawmhnaw, ei leh in,

lehkha zir nana kan hmanrua – ballpen leh

thil dang chenin. A sei dawn duh tawk phawt

ang.

2.2.2.2.2. ReuseReuseReuseReuseReuse: Vawi khat kan hmana kan

paih mai tam zawk hi chu hman nawn leh

theih thil a ni awm e. Thil kan lei khai nana

polythene bag kan hman te hi dah\ha in vawi

tam tak a hman nawn theih a ni. Polythene

bag te ngat phei hi chu \ul lovah hian kan in

pe hnem lutuk a. “A \ul lo ve” tih ngam a \ha

hle. Plastic chhia te pawh hi hmanna tur dang

zawn thiam a pawimawh hle. Thil eng pawh

mai hi a man a tlawm avanga a thar hman

tum lovin a hlui hi hman theih a la ni em tih leh

hman tlak a nih tawh loh pawhin thil dangah

a la hmantlak em tih chhut fo hi thil \ul tak a

ni awm e. Sawi thui tawh lo mai ang.

3.3.3.3.3. RecycleRecycleRecycleRecycleRecycle: Recycle lam hi chu mitinin

kan tih theih a ni lo deuh va. Amaherawhchu,

recycle tura dahhran nachang hriat hi kan

environment tihthianghlimna atana kan

\angkai theihna \ha tak a ni. Vai thirchhe

zawng, engahmaha kan ngaih loh te hian nasa

takin kan khawlai leh kawrh te an thianfai a


lo ni. Aizawl bawlhhlawh paihna hmunpui –

Tuirial kamah khuan bawlhhlawh paih lo hai

a, plastic leh thir lam te, lehkhakhawng leh

buara te lakhawm a, eizawnna atana hmang

mi eng emaw zat an awm a. Kan en liam mai

mai lai hian Tuirial lui bawlhhlawh tur nasa

takin an lo thianfai reng mai a lo ni. An

hnathawh hi hriatpui leh fak an phu hle a ni.

Kan bawlhhlawh paih tur pawh hi –

segregation an ti a, thliar hran peih a

pawimawh tak zet a ni. Mumal takin

thliarhrang peih ila, tihral dan mumal takin tiral

ila chuan kar lovah kan environment hi kan

tithianghlim thei dawn a ni.

A tawp nan chuan mipui hi a hranpa in an

awm lo va, mimal te te in kan siam a nih

avangin mahni chauh pawhin chin dan \ha

ching lui tlat ila, chu chuan midang a kangkai

zel ang a, mipuiin kan zawm hun a awm mai

dawn a ni.

**************************


Hming pum : Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellAlexander Graham BellPian ni : 3 March, 1847Pianna hmun : Edinburg, ScotlandThih ni : 12 August 1922Thihna hmun : Nova Scotia, CanadaHriat hlawh nachhan : Invention of Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell, Telephonehmuchhuaktu tia kan hriat lar hi Edinburg,Scotland ah kum 1847 khan a lo piang a. Athlahtute hi \awng zirtirtu an ni a, amah pawhhian chu lam chu a tui ve hle nghe nghe. Chutia\awng (ri = sound) a zirna chuan telephone ahmuhchhuahna turah pawh hian kawngro asu thui hle a ni. A pa hi Alexander MelvilleBell a ni a, \awng zirna lama Professor a ni a,a nu hi Aliza Grace a ni. Unau pianpui mipapahnih a nei a, an tleirawl laiin T.B vangin anthi ve ve a ni. A pianpui hming chu AlexanderBell a ni a, a unaute an thih hnu hian an hmingangin Graham tih hi a hmingah hian a telh veta a ni.

A naupan lai hian a ute nen a pa hianin lamah lehkha a zirtir \hin a. A len deuh hnuinRoyal High School-ah a lut ve zuai a, zirlaizo lovin kum 15 mi niin a chhuahsan a. Kum1868-ah Matric chu a pass ve hram a ni.

Kum 1870-ah Canada-ah an pema. Ontario bialah an inbengbel a. Chutahchuan ram \in 10 hmuna zau an lei a. Tunhmaa in lo ding sate chu science experimenttihna hmun atan a chei \ha a. Chutah chuanElectric leh Sound inlaichin dan te chu chiangzawkin a rawn zir chho ta zel a.

Hetih lai hian a hma kum 30 chhungzet chu telegraph (morse code) hmangin thuan lo inthawn \hin a. Bell-a chuan chu aia

chiang leh \ha zawk,\awngka ngeiainbiak theih, electricsignal hmanga\awngka inthawntheih niin a ring a.Chumi atan chuan aresearch chu a bei tatlut tlut mai a ni. Sum

lama a harsatna chu Western UnionTelegraph Company chuan an rawn sponsorta bawk a.

Kum 1876, March ni 10 ah chuan\awngka ngei mai chu thawn theih, inbiaktheihin an siam chhuak ta a. Telephonehmanga mihring \awngka chhuak hmasa ber,‘Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you’tih chu hemi ni hian Alexander Graham Bellchuan Watsona (amah puitu, electricaldesigner) room lehlama awm mek koh nanchuan a hmang ta a ni.

Telephone tho hi hetih lai hian ElishaGray chuan a lo siam chhuak ve bawk a.Mahse vanneih asiamin Alexander GrahamBell chu Patent office-ah ama puala a siamchhuah ngei a ni tih nemnghet tura a thlenhmasak zawk avangin amah hi Telephonehmuchhuaktu nihna a pu ta zel a ni.

Alexander Graham Bell hianlawmman a dawng \hahnem hle a. Chungzinga a lar deuhte chu – Albert Medal(1902), John Fritz Medal (1907), ElliotCresson Medal (1912) te hi an ni.

Khawvel hmasawnna ropui takthlentu scientist ropui tak chu 12 Aug. 1922ah Nova Scotia, Canada-ah Diabetes natnaleh a kaihhnawih vangin khawvel a lochhuahsan ta a ni.


Vawinah hetiang lam chanchin sawi a ngai fo \hin hi a pawi ka ti hle a, Pathian thuawih

kan nihna ang pawh in sawi sawi ngai lova keini tleirawl/rawlthar hote chu awm thei

awm tak kan ni a, mahse, kan u te, nu leh pa, pi leh pute pawn an zu/ei/hmuam \hin

miau a, tih ve ngei ngei tur emaw tih kha a awl viau reng ang. Hetiang ang chi ho hi mi

changkang lo leh mawl deuhte zingah a lar duh hle a, vaiho zingah pawh hian vai chhia

kan tih ho hian an uar hle a, a standard chin angah chuan an uar vak lo. Korean hote

pawh hian an ti ngai vak lo, chuvangte pawh chu a ni ang, an vun hi a eng phat asin, ngo

lem loah pawh hian a hriat khawp mai, a ti ngai miah lo mi chu mit hian a melh deuh vat

duh bik. Keini Mizote hi chuan zuk leh hmuam hi kan ti nasa hle a, kan rama mihring

tam fe zawk hian kan ti a ni. Hmanah te kha chuan fashion-ah, \hianten \hing min ti ang

tih hlauh vang te khan kan ti \hin a, a dik em em a, mahse, tunah chuan khang hun te kha

thil kal tawh a ni a, computer age-ah tunah chuan kan awm tawh a, vaihlo leh a product

ho tihna hunah keini ho chu kan awm tawh lo a ni.

Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma -Hmelma - Setana hian Pathian hi a do a, tih hmingchhiat te, tih mualpho te, etc. engtik

lai pawn a tum \hin a. Pathian pawh in chu chu a hria a, a do let ve \hin a ni. Keini

mihringte hi Setana chuan, Pathian tih zah nan, thil chi hrang hrang hmanga sual min tih

tir a tum \hin a. Pathian duh loh zawng leh huat zawng tak min tihtir hi englai pawhin a

tum ber a ni. Chutiang bawk in Setana hnathawh zawng zawng tihchhiat vek leh paih

bo vek hi Pathian tum ber a ni. Engatinge

Pathian chu engkim ti thei a ni si a, Setana

thil mai mai te chu minute khat chhung

lek pawn a paih bo vek mai loh, kan ti

mai thei, ni e, a ni alawm, mahse, Bible in

a sawi dan chuan Setana tana a hun tawp

siam ala thlen loh vang mai mai a ni, a

hun tawpah chuan meidil-ah a paih vek

dawn a ni. Manchester leh Arsenal team

te inkhel i en a, theihtawpin lehlam

lehlamah pet goal tumin ball an in chuh a,

hah tak leh chau hnepin, pet goal tam thei

zawk kha chak zawk an ni mai a, an in

khelh lai chuan an in nek sawk sawk a,

-Lalchhandama Colney


an in um a, mahse, an in khelh zawh chuan

hlim takin chibai te an in ti leh mai a, hetiang

ang hi chu hmelma (enemy) a ni lova, khingpui

(opponent) an ti a ni. Mahse, kan chhiat

vekna duhtu, hrehawm tak pawn awm ila,

lawm zawk tlat, kan hmel te pawh chhe vek

mahsela pawi ti lo, kan thih daih pawh pawi

ti lo, kan sawi zawh tak chiah Pathian leh

Setana ang hian, chung mite chu kan hmelma

dik tak te an ni. Hmelma chuan felna leh

\hatna a nei lo, a tawp thleng a/chhiat vek

thleng a sawi sa duh leh ti duh a ni.

VVVVVaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Ngeaihlo Chu Eng Nge -Vaihlo kan han tih

chuan, cigarette, meizial, tuibur, sahdah,

khaini, zarda, tiranga, gutkha product ho

chi reng reng kha chu a tel vek a ni. Heng

chi hote hi tih rei deuh hlek chuan eddict

nghal mai theih vek an ni a, lo chin \hin lak

lawh chuan sim leh mai a theih tawh lo a

ni. Heng hote hian kan hmel lan dan ringawt

pawh hi a tidanglam, tithimchual thei a,

hmel a ti chhe duh hle, tin, ka chhung vel

te pawh a ti \awp thei hle. Natna chi hrang

hrang – khuhbenvawn, pumpui lawng,

chaw ei tui lo, mit fiah lo, thaw hah, chak

lo, cancer-te kan taksa ah a siam thei a

ni. Mithiamte sawi dan chuan cigarette

tlawnkhat zel hian 8min zelin kan nunna a

ti reilo thei a ni an ti. Heng a hmuam chi

hote pawh hian a hmuam ve ngai lo te aiin

25% vel laiin an nunna a pawt tawi/ti tawi

thei a ni, an ti. Engngatinge chutiang nisi,

engtinmah kan va awm si lo ve, mite pawn

an zu/ei/hmuam a, engtinmah an awm loh

hi kan ti mai thei, ni e, a ni alawm, mahse,

vaihlo tur hnathawh dan chu vawi leh khat

a ti phut phut chi a ni lem lova, zawi muang

in, i taksaah a in khawl khawm zel ang a,

kum nga te an tlin meuh chuan phurrit an

siam \an ang che ang a, a buaithlak e mai,

ti tawp mai ang, i tih pawn a theih tawh si

lovanga, tui/peih tawh lo chung chung khan

i zu/ei/hmuam \hin anga, chutih hunah chuan

alo nih dawn tak hi a, i ti \an tawh anga, tih

tawp i tum em em pawn a harsa hle tawh

ang, i ti tawp thei hlauh anih pawn, i taksa

ah chuan hnu hma/result \ha lo tak a nei

ngei tawh ang. Hetiang taka \ha lo anih

avang hian pawisa ti hek mai mai tu a ni.

Mizote chu a dik tak chuan zuk leh hmuam

ti nasa hnam kan ni a, a chhan awm ber

chu kan thlahtu ten an ching nasa \hin a,


tun hnuah pawh hian hei hi chhunzawm zelin

mitin deuh thaw maiin tih dan tur emaw

kan ti ta hial niin alang. Latest data ah

chuan tunah hian 60% chuang te hi vaihlo

ti mi kan ni a, a awmzia chu, mihring 11

lac vel bawr kan ni a, mi 7 lac vel bawr te

chu zuk leh hmuam laka fihlim lo kan nih

chu, a fihlim chu tlem te chauh kan nih chu.

Han kal kual vel ta la, mi i hmuh hote kha

han chik deuh mah teh, mei zu pet pet, pak

khu luih luih lai an ni duh khawp mai. A bik

takin hmeichhe ho (Nu ho) te pawh han en

mah teh sahdah emaw an hmuam rek rek

reng mai a ni. Chutiang bawkin school

hmeichhe hote pawh kha han chik deuh

mah teh, a ei chi (Gutkha product) hi an

rawn la chhuak a, an ei rek rek reng mai a

ni. Mipa hote pawh Sir-te hmuh phak lovah

chuan cigarette an pet kawh far \hin.

North East-ah leh India ram pum anga

chhut pawn Mizoram chu vaihlo ti nasa

ber kan ni. Hei vang hian Cancer natna

pawh kan vei nasa hle a, India leh

khawvel pum angah pawh kan lang phak

a ni. Doctor-te hian kumtin mi sang tel

teh meuh phai lama enkawl ngai he natna

avang hian an refer ziah \hin a ni, a

rapthlak hle mai.

Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Kan Do Tlat Tlat Tlat Tlat Tlat AAAAA Ngai Ngai Ngai Ngai Ngai - Hmelmate do letna

chang kan hriat loh chuan min hnaih tial tial

ang a, a tawpah min man bet ang a, che

thei lovin min siam ang a, kan nunna hial

pawh min la lak sak dawn a ni. Beih letna

chang kan hriat erawh chuan a duh duh in

min ti thei lovanga, min hlau ang a, a tawpah

phei chuan min tlanchhiatsan daih dawn a

ni. Anih leh tute nge kan hmelmate chu, kan

\hiante, kan nu leh pate hi em ni, anih loh

leh kan chaw ei – maian, an\am, dal, etc,

te hi em ni, ni lo, anni hi chu kan taksa tana

\ha leh \angkai em em te an ni. kan

hmelmate chu heng te hi an ni – cigarette,

kuhva, sahdah, tuibur, khaini, tiranga,

pass-pass leh gutkha a\anga siam chi ho

reng reng te hi an ni. Hengte hian zawi

muang in kan taksa ah a \ha lo zawng in

hna an thawk \hin a, min ti hrisel lo telh

telh a, a tawpah kan thih phah ta hial \hin a

ni. Hetiang taka min tichhe thei an nih avang

hian kan \hian \ha, kan lam pawl chu an ni

thei lo reng reng a ni. Chuvang chuan

vawiinah keini zirlaite kan in ngaihtuah chian

a ngai, eng nge kan tana \ha/\ha lo tih kan

hriat chhuah a hun ta. Heng hote hi kan ti

ve duh lo mai pawh ni lovin, a do a kan do

tlat a ngai a ni.

Zuk leh hmuam pakhat tal tih loh chu ka a

rim chhe duh/thaw a uih duh, tih vel hi chu

tih mai mai a ni. Doctor-te chuan an tia

lawm, ka a rimchhiat chhan hi chu a tlangpui

thu in kan ka chhung fai tawk loh vang a ni

e an ti. A dik viau ang, kan thil ei hrang

hrang te kha,kan ha kar velah te alo awm

bet ve a, chu chu alo rei deuh chuan, a

\awih a, ha beh kan tihah khan alo chang

a, chu chuan a ti rimchhe ta em em \hin a

ni. Chuvang chuan kan ha te uluk takin kan

nawt \hin ang a, ha kar vela tang te fai thei

turin kan kam te pawh uluk takin kan \huah

ve \hin tur a ni.

****************************


Career guidance

(chhunzawmna)

Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-Career kawngpui lun zualte:-

Traditional field vs modern fields

Tun hma deuh chuan miin engineering course

a lak chuan kawng dang zuan tur an nei em

em lova, a vantlangin an uar ber (traditional

fields) chu :- civil te, mechanical leh electri-

cal engineering a ni \hin a. Heng hi a \ha

tawkin ei a tlin tawk vek a. Tunlai hunah

erawh chuan field thar a rawn inhawng belh

zel a. Ramchhung hmasawnna leh economic

lama hmasawn dan hawizawng milin engi-

neering field pawh miten an bawh tawh a.

Entirnan, Information Technology te,

Communicaion te, Automobile leh Com-

puter Engineering te chu a lar chak zawk

daih tawh a ni.

Combination danglam - hna zawn awlsam

Thil thar lehzual lo thleng mek a la awm. Mi

tih ang lo deuh taka field hrang zir kawp hi

an uar thar leh a. Entirnan, Engineering Phys-

ics (EP) hi tunlai khawvel hun inher

danglamin a rawn her chhuahpui, physics

science sang kaihhnawih - solid state elec-

tronics te, rocker science lam - cryogenics

te, laser technology te hi an bawh zual a ni.

A dawt lehah chuan, Environmental Engi-

neering te, Nanotechnology te, Informatics

leh Agricultural Engineering te hi an uar thar

hna tamna field a ni.

MBA leh B.Tech inchawih

Tin, chu mai chu a tawpna a la ni lo. Miin

BE/B.Tech an zawh veleh anmahni line

lama in kherh fal lovin sang tam rualin

MBA an bei leh nghal a. A \hen phei chuan

ME/M.Tech specialisation nen an zo te

te a, MBA an bei leh \hin. Tichuan quali-

fication : B.Tech & MBA emaw M.Tech

& MBA a lo nih chuan hna thawh tur an

phang thei reng reng tawh lova. Hlawh

sang tawk hna hi vawn sen loh a lo lut

ruih ruih a ni ber. Hei bakah hian UPSC-

in kum tina a huaihawt Indian Engineer-

ing Services Examination hi a tling thei tan

chuan Class I officer nihna kawng

duhawm tak a ni bawk.

* Computer Engineering

* Information Technology

Engineering field tam tak tarlan tawhte

zingah tunlai huna mimir thlenga kan nun

khawihtu leh ngaihven hlawh ber pahnih -

Computer Engineering leh Information

Technology (IT) hi lo thlir chipchiar deuh

hlek ila.

COMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERINGCOMPUTER ENGINEERING

He field-in a bitum ber chu computer bung

hrang (hardware) leh a thawhna thluaksiam

chawp (software) buatsaih te, changkang

leh \angkai zawka thawk thei tura beihzui

(research) te, a thar \ha zawk duan leh

daihzai zawnga hman theih tura thlak

danglam te a huam vek mai a.


(chhunzawm tur)

Computer hardware industry ah chuan com-

puter khawlpui ber Central Processing Unit

(CPU) leh a part hrang - peripherals leh

terminals te hi a pawimawh leh englai pawha

thawk chak leh thawk \ha zawk siam tuam

mite hmanhlel taka an thawhna a ni a.

Khawvel thiamna chakzia leh sanzia hi he

thil bik zirnaah ringawt pawh hian a lo lang

chhhuak \hin a ni. Software engineers te hi

computer \awngka leh chhutna (programme)

duangtu leh khawihtute ber an ni a, com-

puter language te, operating system an tih

te hi englao pawha thil thar leh duan thar

theih a nih avangin an tan ‘thawh zawh’ a

awm thei lova. Mi a thiam poh leh thil thar a

siam chak a ni mai a, chu chu atan lal lukhum

a ni ve bawk si. Tunlaiah e-commerce te

internet online indawrna (transaction) te an

uar tawh avangin software design-tu tan

hmangchang thar ngaihtuah chhuah a \ul reng

\hin a ni.

INFORMAINFORMAINFORMAINFORMAINFORMATION TION TION TION TION TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY (IT) (IT) (IT) (IT) (IT)

Information Technology hian khawvel puma

khawtlang nun leh eizawnna a khawih

danglam nasa ber a. Information Technol-

ogy ‘knowledge and knowledge manage-

ment’ tiin tak takin a hming an pe a. Knowl-

edge an tih hian kan khawsakna leh kan

nun uaptu thil engkimah hnuhma a nei vek

ta ni ber a. Kan rimawi ngaihthlak leh milem

che thei kan hmuh te, cinema te, damlo

enkawlna leh natan chi hrang enna khawl

zawng zawng te, lirthei chi hrang hrang

siamna leh khawl inchuktuahna kil tin leh a

thununna te, khawlai kan kal a traffic light

thleng mai hian ‘knowledge management’

thlazar hnuai ami vek a ni. Khawvel pum

huapa kan nun khawih danglam bertu leh

kori tu bertute zinga mi chu Wireless Com-

munication leh Computing hi a ni a. Vansang

lawng (satellite leh spacecraft) boruak zau

leh hla tak kara an han thunun theihna te

thlengin heng thil thar hnathawh hi a ni. Tin,

heng hmanrua thawk thei a a thluak

siamsakna Software Engineering hi thil

pawimawh namen lo dang chu a ni leh a ni.

Tam tak a awm, tarlan sen a ni lo.

Tichuan, heng thil hlawm lian deuh deuh

thiamna sang neia khawihtute chuan hna \ha

pui pui an chelh a, an hlawh lah a tam bawk.

India mi \halao computer lama thiamna sang

neiho hian ramdangah hna an hmu nasa em

em a. USA, Australia leh Europe rama IT

professionals ramdang mi awmte zingah In-

dia mi an tam ber a, India mi hnathawka

awm nuai mi 2 zingah pawh IT professional

hi an buk ber a ni.

Information Information Information Information Information TTTTTechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \henechnology hna (job) \hen

dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:dan tlangpui:

Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hardware - Hei hi chi hnih ang deuhin a

kal a,

* Manufacture

* Maintenance

Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture:Manufacture: A khawl leh hmanrawn kim

siam chhuah lam a ni a, hetiang hna chelh

tur hian Diploma in electronics emaw BE,

B.Tech emaw M.Tech degree neih a ngai

a ni.


Mithiamten an hriat tawh chinah chuan universe-ah hian force chi hrang hrang chi 4

a awm a. An chak zawng pawh a inang lo vek a ni. Chungte chu – (1) Strong Nuclear force

(2) Weak nuclear force (3) Electromagnetic force (4) Gravitational force. Heng force zingah

hian Strong nuclear force hi a chak ber a, Gravitational force hi a chak lo ber thung a ni.

Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?Eng nge Gravitation chu?

Mass nei tawh phawt chu an inkarah inhipna force a awm ziah a. Chutia mass vang

ngawr ngawra object te inhipna force chu Gravitational force chu a ni. He force hi force chi

li-te zinga chak lo ber ni mah sela a daih thui a, universe pianghmang dintu ber pawh a ni

nghe nghe. Leiin ni a hel theih nachhan te, thlain lei a hel theih nachhan te, satellite ten lei an

hel theih nachhan te, arsi sang tam tak a bawr khawma an awm theih nachhan te, galaxy a

lo awm theih nachhan te, kawlthei rah lei lama a lo tlak thlak theih nachhan te, leiin tuamtu

boruak a neih nachhan te...hi gravity vang vek hi a ni.

Newton’Newton’Newton’Newton’Newton’s law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitations law of gravitation

Mizote Run lui kama kan la awm lai, Siapsuap leh hnawkhal kan fen/hak lai, Sazuk

ki hmanga hlo kan thlawh lai kum 1687 daih tawh khan English pachal Sir Isacc Newton-

a chuan lei leh van lam thil reng reng hian hipna tha an nei a ni tih a lo hmuchhuak tawh a, chu

hipna tha chu gravity/gravitation chu a ni. Chu a thil hmuh chhuah chu Newton’s law of

grvitation kan tih chu a ni. He law-in a sawi dan chuan mass nei tawh phawt chu an inhip vek

a, a hnai apiang an inhip chak a, a hla apiang an inhip chak lova, tin, mass nei tam apiangin

hipna tha an ngah a, mass nei tlem apiangin hipna tha an nei tlem zel bawk.

Tihian formula-in a entir theih a ni : Gm m

Fr

=1 2

2

Hetah hian F hian mass pahnihte m1 leh m

2 te inkara force (inhipna) a entir a, r hi an centre ve

ve-te inkar hlat zawng a ni. G hi gravitational constant a ni. Entir nan m1 hi lei, m

2 hi thla pawh

a ni thei. Englai pawhin Gravitation hi inhipna a ni reng a, inpaihna tha a awm ngai lova ni.

Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)Accelaration due to gravity (g)

Mass nei particle/body hi hmun sang tak a\angin thlak thla la, a tla chak tual tual ang a, lei a

thlen dawnah phei chuan a chak tawh hle ang. Hetia mass ngah tak lama thil a tlak thlak

chak tual tualna (a tlak thlak chak zawng ni lovin) hi accelaration due to gravity chu a ni; g

-Lalrinthara Pachuau


tiin an entir \hin. Leiah chuan a value hi 9.8 m/s2 a ni. A unit hi ngun takin en la, accelaration

unit tho kha a ni tih i hre thei ang. m/s2 tih hi (m/s)/s tiin a sawi theih tho bawk a, m/s hi speed

a ni a, tichuan (m/s)/s chu speed/s tihna a lo ni a. Chu chuan a entir chu second tiin a speed

pun chak tual tualna a ni. 9.8m/s2 kan tih chuan lei lama thil a tlak thlak hian second tiin a

speed chu 9.8m/s in a tam tual tual dawn tihna a nih chu. Mass ngah si, te bawk si te hian an

surface-ah g value hi an nei sang hle \hin.

Formula : 2R

GMg M = body mass, R = body radius.

Hetah hian kan hriat pawlh loh tur chu mass M hi a hiptu zawk mass kha a ni. Entir

nan, leiah chuan kan thil thlak thlak mass kha ni lovin lei mass, R pawh hi lei radius. A

chunga formula khi en la, thil tla thla lai mass kha a tel ve lo tih i hmu anga, hei hian lei lama

thil a tlak thlak hian a tlak thlak chak zawng hi mass a ngah leh ngah lovah a innghat lova, a

hiptu mass-ah chauh a innghat tih a entir (“Nangni’n mi thlang lo, keiman ka thlang zawk che

u…” tih ang deuh kha a nih ber chu).

Hetia han ngaihtuah mai chuan arhmul leh lung te hi inchung a\angin thlak thla ila,

lung te chuan lei a thleng hmasa dawn a, chu chuan mass ngah zawk lung te chu a tla chak

zawk a, acceleration a ngah zawk tih a entir a; chuvangin mass ngah apiang hi tla chak zawk

tur an ni mai alawm tiin ngaihdan i lo nei mai thei. Hetiang hian kum 2300 vel ral tawhah

khan Aristotle-a pawh khan ngaihdan a lo nei daih tawh a ni. Mahse hei hi a dik lo deuh.

Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’Galileo’s experiments experiments experiments experiments experiment

Galileo khan Aristotle-a ngaihdan kha dik theiin a hre lova, chuvangin vacuum

(boruak awm lohna) ah enchhinna a buatsaih ta a : Lung te leh arhmul hi a rualin a thlak thla

a, an pahnih chuan vacuum mawng chu an thleng rual chiah a ni. Chu chuan eng thil pawh hi

hmun ruakah chuan leiin a hip nat zawng a inan vek avangin an tlak chak zawng a inang vek

a, san zawng inang \heuh \heuh a\anga thlak thlak an nih phawt chuan lei an thleng rual vek

dawn tihna a nih chu.

Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?Eng nge dik lo ta chu le?

Newton’s law hi hmunruak ‘vacuum’ tan chauh a dik tih hi hria ila a \ha ang. Khatia

pawn boruaka kan han thlak khan arhmul chuan pangti a neih zau avangin (chiang zawk

chuan surface area/mass) lung te ai khan boruak nen innawhna tha friction a ngah bik a,

chu chuan chak taka a tla tur kha a lo timuang a ni. Vacuum-ah kha chuan boruak awm

tawh hek lo, anmahni mass-ah an tlak chak zawng a innghat bawk si lova, lungte nen khan

lei an thleng rual ta a ni. Vacuum lovah Newton’s law kan hman dawn chuan friction term

kan chhut tel a ngai \hin.


g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?g value a danglam thei em?

Acelaration due to gravity hi a constant lova, hmun hrang hrangah a danglam thei a ni.

(1) A san zawng a thuin – Hmun sang takah chuan g value hi a tla hniam \hin. A san

poh leh a tlem ting mai a ni. R hi lei radius ni se, g hi tuipui zawla acceleration due to gravity

value 9.8 m/s2 ni bawk se, hmun pakhat tuipui zawl a\anga ‘h’ a sangah chuan g value tur

chu -

−=R

hgg

21'

He formula hmang hian Aizawla g value i lo chhut ve thei ang em? Aizawl hi tuipui zawl

a\angin 1,000m a sang ni se, R hi 6,400km (=6,400,000m) ni bawk se.

(2) Tuipui zawl aia a hniam dana zirin – Hetia ngaihtuah mai chuan a hniam

(thuk) poh leh g chu chak ve tual tual awm tak a ni a. Mahse hemi letling chiah hian a takah

chuan a thleng thung. Lei chhungril lamah chuan khatia kan luh thlak khan lei pang lehlam

a\anga gravity lo kal nen khan keini lam kha an in cancel a, a tlem hret hret a, lei lairilah tak

phei chuan g value hi zerozerozerozerozero a ni. Chu chuan lei lairil takah khan hipna tha (gravity) a awm ta

lo tih a entir kher lo. Gravity hian lei lairil a hawi zel avangin thil tla ta se a tawpna tur chu a

lairil tak chu a ni a, chuvangin a lairil tak kan thlen hnu chuan tlak zelna tur a awm tawh lo

tihna a ni zawk. Tuipui zawl aia ‘d’ a hniamah awm ta ila, chulai hmuna g value chu

−=R

dgg 1'

He formula hmang hian Chile lungalhthei khura tangte tanna hmun 700m a thuka g value lo

chhut ve leh rawh le.

Heng a chunga kan tarlante bakah hian kan awmna hmun latitute azir te leh lei pian

hmang azir tein g value hi a danglam thei bawk. Lei hi mum pal a ni lova, chhim tawp leh

hmar tawpah tlemin a zawl deuh a, serthlum ang deuh hian. Chuvangin chhim tawp leh hmar

tawp chuan lei lairil an hnaih deuh bik a, g value pawh equator-a mi aiin a sang deuh hlek a ni.

Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus Mass versus WWWWWeighteighteighteighteight

Mass tih thu kan sawi ta fo mai a, eng nge a nih chiah? Ni tin nunah chuan mass leh

weight hi kan hman pawlh vel mai mai a, mahse Physics-ah chuan thil hrang daih an ni thung.

Mass chu thilin matter a neih tam zawng a ni (quantity of matter in the body. Note – Mizo

\awngin dik si, remchang bawk siin chhiartuten dah chhuah lo tum ve teh u) a, a rih zawng


sawina a ni lo. Weight erawh chu thil rih zawng sawina a ni a, chu chu kha thil kha leiin a hip

nat zawng (force) kha a ni mai. Body pakhat tan a mass chu ‘m’ ni se, a weight tur chu g a

‘m’ puntir zel kha a ni.

i.e. weight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mgweight = mass × acceleration due to gravity = mg

Heta \ang hian kan hriat theih tak chu – eng thil mah hian gravity awm lohna hmunah

chuan weight an nei lo, i.e. rih zawng an nei lo. A chunga kan chhiar tawh ang khian g value

hi hmun hrang hrangah a danglam si a, chuvangin weight chu a danglam ve zel tur a ni bawk.

Chutih laiin mass erawh chu kha body khan matter a ngah zawng a nih miau avangin kan sat

hek huam te a nih ngawt loh chuan a danglam ve dawn lo a ni. An unit pawh hi a inang lova,

mass unit chu Kg a ni a, weight erawh chu force a nih avangin newton (N) a ni thung.

I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?I rih zawng kha mass nge weight ?

Ka weight chu 60Kg te kan ti a, tumahin ka mass kan ti ngai lo. Mahse Scientific

tak chuan inbuknaa kan rih zawng kan teh chhuah hi kan massmassmassmassmass a ni zawk. I weight kha chu

inbuknaa lo lang apiang 9.8 in puntir la a lo chhuak mai ang. Entir nan 60Kg i nih chuan i

weight chu 60 × 9.8 = 588N a ni zawk. Mahse ni tin nunah chuan weight tia kan hman

laklawh tawh avangin a dik lo chung hian hnam fing zawkte leh keini helai kilkhawra chengte

pawhin kan hmang ta vel mai mai a ni.

Gravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational FieldGravitational Field

Eng thil pawh mass nei tawh phawt chuan a bul vel ami gravitational force hmangin

a hip thei a. Chutia gravitational force hmanga a hip theihna huam chhung chu graviational

field chu a ni. Mass a ngah poh leh gravitational field hian a daih thuiin a na ting mai a ni. He

gravitational field nat zawng hi Gravitational (Field) Intensity an ti a, E emaw I emawin an

entir \hin.

Formula : gm

FI ==

Hetah hian F hi chu Newton’s law ami kha a ni a, m hi kha gravitational field huam

chhunga mass lo awm ve kha a ni. Entir nan lungte leh lei hi lo hmang ta ila, m hi lung te mass

a ni ang a, F hi chu lei leh lungte inhipna force kha a ni.

Newton’s law of Gravitation chuan universe-a thil awm reng rengte hi an mass

azirin an inhip nain an inhip na lo mai a ni tiin a sawi a. Chu hipna chuan universe-a thil awm

reng rengte hi tuna an chet dan ang hian a awmtir a ni a ti a ni. Khawvel leh planet dangte ni

an hel theih nachhan te hi ni leh lei inhip tawnna vang a ni a ti a ni.


Knowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is powerKnowledge is power

$ Kal (kidney) \ha pangngai chuan ni

khatah thisen 50 gallons lai a thlifim (filter)

hman.

$ Tho hi an damchhung zawngin an

pianna hmun a\anga feet hla takah an thlawk

ngai hauh lo.

$ Ni awklem (solar eclipse) hi 7 min.

58secs aia rei a ni ngai lo.

$ Sava chi khat Humming bird hian

second khat chhungin thla vawi 90 a zap

hman. Minute khatah vawi 5,000 ai tam mah

a zap hman a ni chu!

$ Scientist ho chuan mihring hi a thih

veleh an buk a, a thih hma aiin 21gm in a

zang \hin niin an hria.

$ Hahchhiau lai tak hian mit a chhin loh

theih loh

$ Rangkachak hi thil chher pan theih

deuh mai a ni a, ounce khat (1) lek pawh hi

9.3sq. metre laia hlaiin a chher phek theih a,

80km laia seiin a chher theih a nih chu.

$ Rannung chi khat Squid an tih chu

thilnung zinga mit nei lian ber a ni a, 38cm

bial lai a lian mit a nei a, a taksa pawh 15

metres laia thui a ni thei

Chutih laiin kum 1915-ah Albert

chuan Gravitation theory chu Newton-a sawi

dan lovin tih dan thar hlakin a sawi ta a. Chu

chu Genreal theory of Relativity an ti a ni.

Tun hma zawnga tungchhova kal hringmite

an lo la ngaihruat chhin ngai reng reng lohvin

Einstein-a chuan Space-time hi mass tamna

bulah chuan a kul pup mai a ni tiin a rawn

sawi ta a. Chumi awmzia chu Spacetime hi a

pharh duai lova, mass tam dan azirin a kul

nasa thei hle a, mass ngah tak, e.g. arsi etc,

te bulah chuan a kul nasa thei hle a ni a rawn

ti a. Object te chet vel dan pawh chu an

inkara force vang ni lovin (Newton-a khan

object te inhipna force vang tiin a sawi a)

spacetime an tihkul nasat dana innghat a ni

zawk tiin a rawn sawi ta thung a ni. Niin a

bul vela spacetime a pawh kulah chuan

planet-te pawh hi chhuak thei mai lovin kan

kal kual ta a ni. Chu chu GTR-in universe-a

object te chet vel dan a sawi dan chu a ni ta

a ni.

General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)General Theory of Relativity (GTR)

Kum 1905-ah Einsteina’n Special

theory of relativity (STR) a tichhuak tawh a.

Chu theory chuan famkim lohna lian tak mai

pakhat a la nei cheu va - Non accelerated

frame-ah chauh a hman theih avangin. Chu a

famkim lohna tak mai chu tifamkim tur chuan

STR chu Accelerated frame-a hman theih

tura modify a ngai ta a nih chu. STR a

tihchhuah a\anga kum 10 zet, 1915-ah GTR

hi a siamchhuak ve leh ta hlawl mai a ni. Chu

theory chuan tunhma zawnga eng hi kal ngil

par par \hin nia an ngaih kha a dik tawk lohna

a rawn hailang ta hial a. Mass ngah deuh (arsi


rit deuh) bula a lo kal hian eng hi a kal kul \hin a ni tih pawh a rawn tichiang ta a. Chu mai a

la ni lo, Blackhole meuh pawh kha he GTR equation solution 10 zinga pakhat a lo ni ve reng

nia! Chutiang khawpa van lam chanchin zir nana equation pawimawh chu kan hrethiam lo a

nih pawhin i lo hmelhriat ve mai mai ang hmiang, tu pawi kan sawi em lo vang chu maw…

αβαβαβ

πT

c

GRgR

4

8

2

1=−

He equation awmzia ber chu hetiang hi a ni: A vei lam hian Hmun-hun (Space time) kul pup

mai kha a entir a, a dinglam hian chu space time-a taksa nei thil (matter) / mass awm a entir

a ni. Kan hmuh ang hian a ding lam pang hi zero a nih chuan a vei lam chuan zero bawk a

tluk ve a, chu chuan Space time kha a kul lova a pharh duai a ni tih a entir. Chuti ni lova a

ding lam Tαβ hi zero a nih loh chuan a veilam hian zero a tluk tawh lo ang a, Space-time chu

a pharh ni lovin a kul pup tawh mai dawn a ni. Tichuan he equation hi hetiang hian kan

khaikhawm thei ang : ‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,‘Space-time hi matter/mass a awm chauhvin a kul (curve) a,

matter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu amatter a awm loh erawh chuan kul lovin a pharh (flat) duai mai a ni; tin, chu a

kul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa vekul nasat zawng (space-time curvature) chu matter/mass a tam poh leh a nasa ve

mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’mai a ni’ tiin.

Tuna kan equation sawi lai hi van lam chanchin zirna atana a kailawn bul \anna leh a pawimawh

lai ber a ni. He equation hi Einstein Field Equation an ti. (Einstein-a khan he equation siam

chhuak tur hian kum 10 zet a bei tih kha lo hria la).

Blackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bendingBlackhole solution leh Light bending

E.F.E khan solution pawimawh tak tak mai 10 zet a nei kan tih tawh kha. Chung zinga 3 te

chauh chu kan tarlang dawn a ni. Pakhat chu Blackhole solution (non-rotating) a ni a. Chu

solution chuan arsi alo thiha, blackhole-a a chan huna a lenzawng radius tur a entir a -

22

c

GMR

He equation hian Arsi a lo thih a, Blackhole-a a chan huna a lenzawng radius tur a entir a ni.

Entir nan khawvel hi blackhole-ah chang thei ta se la, blackhole a nih huna a lenzawng tur

chu marble te pawl ang tiat vel chauh a ni ang.

Mass ngah tak bulah chuan spacetime chu a kul tawh \hin a. Spacetime-a light lo kal pawh

kha spacetime kul ang ang khan a kal kual a ngai ve ta zel a. Chuta light kal kawi nasat

zawng chu a formula chuan heti hian a entir theih a ni.


Rc

GM

2

4=∆

He equation hian mass ngah tak e.g arsi…bula a eng a kal a, a kal kawi nasat dan tur a entir a ni.

Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational Gravitational WWWWWaveaveaveaveave

Thla hmasa mai (Feb, 2016)-ah Scientist-ten Gravitational Wave (GW) an hmuh

chhuah thu an puan kha kan hre hlawm ngei anga. Gravity pawh hian wave hi a siam ve thei

tho a, mahse a chak loh em avangin hmuh chhuah hi a harsa hle a ni. GW hi a chunga kan

tarlan tak Einstein-a equation khian a lo predict lawk daih tawh a, chu chu a hnu kum 100-

naah hmuh chhuah a ni ta a ni.

Light / Eng kan tih hi Electromagnetic Wave (EMW) zinga pakhat ve mai a ni a.

EMW chu chi hrang hrang a awm a, chungte chu - Gamma ray, X-ray, Ultra Violet ray,

Visible ray, Infra Red ray, Microwave leh Radio wave te an ni. Telescope leh binocular-te

hi Visible ray / spectrum-a innghat an ni bera. Chutiang telescope chu Optical Telescope an

ti a, mihringten kan hmuh dan pawh hi optical vision an ti a. Chu chu telescope pangngaia

kan hmuh dan te hi a ni vek a. Chutih laiin van lam a\anga lo kal radiation tam tak chu optical

vision hmanga hmuh theih loh, X-ray te, gamma ray te, infra red te an ni bawk a. Chutiang

radiation chu a lo dawnsawnna turin telescope chi dang X-ray telescope, etc..a ngai ve leh

zel a.

Charge particle hi a accelerate chuan EMW hi a pe chhuak \hin a. Arsi te, Blackhole

te hi charge nei lo an nih avangin an accelerate pawhin EMW hi an pe chhuak ngai lova;

GW hi an pe chhuak zawk \hin. Tuna telescope kan hman sa ho hian GW chu an lo detect

thei si lova, a detect theihna turin khawl hran siam a lo ngai taa. Kum 20 chuang kal ta a\ang

khan scientist-ten GW detect-na tur khawl LIGO an tih mai chu an buaipui ta tluk tluk mai

a. Chu khawl chuan nikum 2015-ah khan GW chu a lo detect ta a ni. He GW an detect hi

Blackhole pahnih insu a\anga lo chhuak a ni a, universe zirna kawnga thil hmuh chhuah ropui

berte zinga mi a ni.

GW hi transverse wave a ni a, a intensity pawh a chau hle a. Hetia an detect ta mai

hian scientist-te a tiphur hle a, Universe zirna kawngah a thawh hlawk hle beisei a ni. EMW

hmang chauhva zir theih \hin van lam chanchin kha tunah chuan GW hmang pawhin a zir

theih tawh dawn tihna a ni a, chu chuan nasa zawkin universe zir chianna kawngah rah a

chhuah ngei ang.

---ooOoo---


THE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAMTHE RETURN OF PC- RAM

Holy Trinity of PC an tih mai CPUCPUCPUCPUCPU, MotherboardMotherboardMotherboardMotherboardMotherboard leh RAMRAMRAMRAMRAM te hi computer pakhat a,

a pawimawh lai ber, hna lut chhuak zawng zawng lo dawngsawng leh lo semdarhtu

berte an nih miau avangin kan sawi tawh \hin, kan sawi mek, kan la sawizel dawn chu a

ni reng mai. CPU chanchin hi issue hmasa lamah khan kan sawi nelnual tawh a, tun

\umah chuan RAM chungchang kan chhui bing dawn a ni.

[Mapuia’Pa]


DDR SDRAM te hi a chuai thei tak tak dawnlo a ang ta hle mai. Tunlai CPU chhuakthar

SkylakeSkylakeSkylakeSkylakeSkylake CPUCPUCPUCPUCPU in a hman RAM leh tunlai phone changkang ber pawla sawi iphone 6siphone 6siphone 6siphone 6siphone 6s

ina a hman RAM te hi an siam dan phung a inang deuh reng a ni. Chuvangin RAM hi

System pakhat a thil pawimawh tak a ni tih hi chiang phawt mai ila a \ha awm e. RAM

chu awmlo se computer-a kan thil chhut hawrawp pakhat chauh lang tur pawh hian

minute hnih minute thum kan nghah zel a ngai dawn a ni. RAM avangin computer te hi

kan chhawr \angkai thei reng a lo ni.

I computer upgrade i tuma man tlawm thei ang ber tur chu RAM vuah belh emaw alian

or achak zawka thlak a ni mai awm e. RAM vuah belh chuan computer chu a lo chak

sawt tih kan hmu nghal thei a ni. RAM chi hrang hrang chhuak tawh zingah tuna chhuak

hnuhnung ber leh chak ber chu DDR4-RAM hi a ni. Hei hi mi chinchang zir mite ngaihdan

ah chuan DDR-series hnuhnung ber turah an ngai a ni. DDR5-RAM hi a chhuah an ring

tawhlo a, hming dang/series dangin a chhuah an ring a, DDR5 tih hming pua a chhuak a

nih pawhin 2018 hnu lam a nih an ring. (Hetah hian Graphics card-a DDR5 tih nen hian

hriat pawlh loh tur a ni. Graphics card-ah chuan DDR2, DDR3, DDR5 tiin a kal thung

a. DDR4 a awm velo) DDR-series hi lo tawp tase eng ang technology in nge rawn thlak

leh ang tihte thlengin zir ho kan tum dawn a ni.


A hmasaber ah chuan RAM hi enge a nih a,eng anga siam nge a nih, eng ang chi hrang

te nge an nih tihte, DDR speed hrang hrangte leh an kawppui thei tur CPU te leh

Beyond DDR an tih mai DDR4 hnu a rawn chhuak tur technology thar chanchinte

chipchiar deuh hlekin sawi kan tum dawn a ni. Hetah hian hun kal tawha thil hlui an lo

siam chhuah dan chanchin chhui vak emaw, hun lo la kal tura an siam chhuah tum dan te

advance taka lo rinthu sawi vak kan tum hranlo a, computer lei tum mekte leh hmang

mekte tan kan \angkai pui theih beiseiin rawn share ka tum mai chauh a ni.

Computer thar lei tumte tana kan hriat tur chu CPU leh Motherboard kan hman tum

dan leh kan Budget a zirin DDR3 nge DDR4 a kal \ha zawk tih kha chiang taka ngaihtuah

hmasak a \ha a ni. DDR4 chu latest technology a nih avangin Speed a chak zawkin

future proof atan a \hat laiin, a man (price) a la to rihin CPU leh motherboard pawh

latest ber chi lo ah chuan a support lo a ni tihte hriat tel a \ha bawk ang. Normal or

Stock Ram leh Gaming Ram tih te in an \hen hrang leh bawk a, Brand or Manufacturer

azirin a man (price) a in thlau thei bawk. Kan rama brand hman lar deuhte chu Kingston,

Transcend, Corsair, Adata, Hynix, G.Skill tihte a ni awm e.


WHAT IS RAM?

RAM tih chu computer CPU hnathawh tur leh a thawh mekte rang taka lo zawmsakna

hmun, hnathawh tur engkim lakluh leh sem chhuahna hmunpui ti ila kan sawisual tampui

lovang chu maw. Amaherawhchu a thil lakluh leh sem chhuahte a vawng reng theilova,

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) leh Solid State Drive(SSD) te angin permanent-a data vawng

reng chi a ni velo a, HDD leh SSD a data awmte CPU in rang taka a lo Access theihna

turin hna a lo thawk thung a ni.

RAM tlinlohna pakhat chu power (current) a awmloh ruala amaha thil awmsa (khawlsa)

Data awm zawng zawng bo nghal zel mai hi a ni. Hei hi volatilevolatilevolatilevolatilevolatile an ti a ni. HDD leh

SSD te hi chu current awmlo mahse a chhunga data awmsa te a bo ve mai mai lova,

chuvang chuan non-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatilenon-volatile tiin an sawi ve thung a ni. Random Access Memory tia an


phuah chhan pawh hi HDD leh SSD te angin data awmte inzawm zat leh inkhaidiat

thlipthlep a awm a ngai velo a, data te a remchan dan ang zelin a pawt lawr kual vel mai

\hin vang hian a ni ber awm e. Tehkhin nan Tape-Recorder hun lai khan hla hmasa ber

ngaihthlak zawhah a tawp bera awm ngaithla duh ta ila a indawta ngaihthlak tekha a

ngai \hin a, CD player rawn chhuah chinah chuan kan duhna lai kha awlsam tein kan kal

zung zung thei ang deuh kha a ni.

RAM ah hian a tirah SRAMSRAMSRAMSRAMSRAM leh DRAMDRAMDRAMDRAMDRAM tiin chihnih a \hen ani a, tlemin sawi fiah lo tum

ta ila..


SRAM tih chu Static Random-Access Memory ani a, flip-flop circuit pangngai hmanga

duan (chip tam tak hmang) anih laiin DRAM hi chu Dynamic Random-Access Memory

tihna ania integrated circuit hmangin capacitor pakhat zelin bit anlo khawlkhawm zel

tura duan a ni thung. A tawi zawngin sawi tum ta ila, SRAM chu a chak (a rang) a

amaherawhchu pakhat siam chhuah man a to thung a ni. DRAM erawh a tlawm thei a

mahse computer a pawt muang ve thung a ni. DRAM te hi aman a tlawm zawk avangin

hman pawh a hlawh ber \hin a ni. Hun a lo kal zela, chak ve tho si man tlawm zawka lei

theih turin SDRAMSDRAMSDRAMSDRAMSDRAM an lo siamchhuak leh ta a ni. SDRAM tih chu Synchronous

Dynamic Access Memory tihna a ni.

CPU in hna chak taka a thawh theih laiin SDRAM hian a umpha meuh thin lova

chuvang chuan DDR-SDRAM hi a lo piang leh ta ani.DDR tih chu Double Data Rate

tihna a ni.SDRAM Clock-cycle mal theuh kha an hnathawh a letin a thawh tir ta tihna a

ni a,tunlai khawvela kan hman tam ber a lo ni chho ta a ni.

[Chhunzawm leh tur]

----ooOoo----


A hun : 12th – 16th January, 2016

A hmun : Birla Industrial & Technological Museum (BITM)

Mizoram a\anga kal student leh Guide Teacher heng mite hi kan ni.

Guide Teacher:

1) PC Lalrintluanga

2) F.Lalliansanga

3) Mark Lal\anpuia

4) Lalzarmawii

5) Lalhriatpuii

Student’s

1) Angela Lal\hakimi

2) Lalduhawmi

3) Jane Lalnunsiami

4) Lalhruaitluanga Hmar

5) Zothansanga

6) Zorinmawii

7) F.Lalthantluangi

8) PC Lallianzuali

9) Lalhriatpuia

10) Malsawmsanga

11) Lalbuatsaiha

12) Runrempuia

13) Vanlalfeli

14) Linda Lal\hazovi

15) Jerusi

16) Esther Lalhmingmawii

17) C Lalnunfeli

18) C Lalremruati

19) Lal\hakima

20) Lalrinmuana

- Zorinmawii & F.Lalthantluangi

Govt Chaltlang HS, Aizawl


S c i e n c e

Exhibition hi kumtina

neih \hin a ni a, kum

kal ta 2015,

December thla pawh

khan Lunglei-ah 15-

16th chhunga neih leh

a ni a, hetah hian

participate students

a\angin mi 20 Kolkata

lama va perform leh

turin min thlang

chhuak leh a ni.

January ni 9, 3:30pm ah Bus

terminal, |huampui a\angin network bus

chuan Kolkata lam pan chuan kan chhuak a,

a tir chuan kan tluang khawp mai a, Kolasib-

ah zanriah te eiin tluang takin kan kal zel a,

mahse Meghalaya kal kawng chhe em em

ah kan tang ta a nih chu. Nilengin engmah

kan ei silo a, ril a\am duh khawp mai, motor

lian pui pui a intlar put a, kan piaha vaipa, a

motor chhunga chaw chhum pawh kan hmutai

vek tawh mai. Ril a\am hle nain a hlimawm

duh khawp mai. Tichuan, dam takin Guwahati

kan thleng ve ta hram a, Lamka house-ah

kan riak a, a tuakah chuan Big bazaar ah te

kan bazaar ho a, a nuam lutuk. Zanah chuan

rail station-ah Kolkata lam pan turin kan

chhuak leh ta a. Rail chu kan vawi 1 chuanna

anih ve hlawm avangin nuam kan ti tlang

khawpin ka hria. Thil lah hi an han zuar chikim

hlawm em em khawp a, ‘Chai, Coffee” pawh

a ngaihawm khawp mai.

Tichuan Kolkata chu kan thleng ve ta der

mai a. BITM-ah kan lut phawt a, zanriah kan

eikham hnuaha kan thlenna tur salt lake

stadium ah kan pan a, a hmun kan thleng chu

a nuamin a ropui ve khawp mai.

Exhibition kan \an ve ni: |an hun hi ni 12

a ni a, mahse kan thlen tlai deuh avangin ni

13 ah huan kan model te kan show ve \an a,

a hmun te a nuam bawk a, hreawm kan ti lo

tlang hle a, \hian thar te kan siam a, building

te kan han lut kual vel a, a ropui khawp mai.

Breakfast atan paratha leh alu, lunch-ah chaw

tui lo tawk. Dinner chu pangai ve lutuk.

Chutiang chuan hunk an hmang chho zel a.

Thursday zanah Science City-ah te kan kal a,

space theater-ah te kan lut a, a ropuiin a nuam

khawp mai. Friday-ah chuan Judge te local in

kan model te enin presentation te chu kan pe

fel ve ta a. Sunday-ah bazar na hunte kan nei

a, kan hlim tlang khawp mai. A tuk Monday

zing chu kan haw hun a ni der tawh a.

Tichuan Monday zingah train in kan

chhuak a. Kolkata a hunk an hman chhung

khan Pathinin min hruai a, a lawmawm khawp

mai. Sawi taw hang khan kan vawi 1 kalna a


Reader’s Forum

(Ph. 9856730643;

E-mail : [email protected])

$ Msj hi chhiar a nuamin a va bengvar

thlak thin tak em. Chhhiar ve thin zawng

zawngte chhiar chhunzawm zel ang u aw...

.xyz...

$ Msj hi ka hlawkpui thin khawp mai,

chhiar a manhla thin, ka zirlai pui zawng

zawngte lo chhiar ve thin ru, in hlawkpui

ve thin ngawt ang

-sangtei

$ Ka zirlaipui te u MSJ hi in chhiar ve

thin em? chhiar ve ngei ngei ru.. zirna

kawngah min pui nasa thin a nia.

- puizz..

$ Msj chhiar man hla khwp mai.. Beng

a tivarin min fuih phur khwp mai.. A

buaipuitute in ropui e. Kan lo chhiar zel

ang, lo tichhuak zel rawh u.

-Mama

$ Msj vul zel rawh se, kan hlawkpui

thin tehmai nia, lo ti chhuak zel rawh u

aw.

-fr forver

$ Msj hi tha ka ti ltk, mahse mathematics

leh physic lam class 10 tan a pawimawh hi

rawn tichhuak teh u, kan ram tan vanneih

phah theih hi ka ring tlat .

-9774677639

$ Kei chu MSJ hi tha ka va han ti tak

em! A buaipuitute in fakawm thlawt e Vul

zel ang che u.

-boysz

-ooOoo-

nih hlawm avangin kan hmuh apiang kha chu

kan tan thil thar vek mai a ni. New Market,

Fancy Bazar etc kan hun hman hlimawm tak

te cultural night a teacher te nena thiam lo

tak mai a kan zai te, chaw eina a sit kan in

hauh sak tlat te sawi tur a tam khawp mai.

Kan sawi vek seng dawn silo a. Engpawh

nise, sawi hmaih hauh lo tur chu guide teacher

te, Sir Pca, Sir Tea, Sir Marka, Miss

Hriatpuii leh Miss Zari te kan chunga an

\hatzia leh felzia kha aw!... Lawmthu sawina

tur atam khawp mai.

A tawp berna a tan chuan Eastern India

Science Fair 2016-a kan hun hmanpui te

zawng zawng District hrang hrang ami kan

\hiante, Aizawl District – Angela (St Pauls),

Jane (St Pauls), Duhawmi (St Pauls), Hruaia

(St Pauls), Zothana (St Pauls), Pci (St james),

Hriatpuia (St James), Linda ( PL HS), Jerusi

(PL HS) in vain in fel hlawm ka tiin in

ngaihawm takzet. Theihtawp chhuah a kan

zirlaiah hlawhtlinna chang ngei turin i bei \hin

ang u aw. Chuan Sir Pca, Sir Marksa leh

Linadai hla phuah pawh ngaihthlak leh a

chakawm khawp mai.

A tawn ber tak tak nan, SCERT hian

kumtin Science Exhibition a buatsaih \hin a.

(District Level leh State Level). State aiawha

thlan chhuah kher loh pawhin District level-

ah ringawt pawh hlawkna tak tak kan char

phah a, he thu chhiar apiang chuan ngai

pawimawh a, kan naute/fate/student- te tel

tir dan ngaihtuah a, \an la zel turin kan sawm

a che u.


Science NewsScience NewsScience NewsScience NewsScience News

MILKY WAY THLALAK THAR

TICHHUAK TA

Chile rama

A P E X

t e l e s c o p e

a\anga Milky

Way (galaxy)

thlalak fiah fai

leh kimchang tak, ATLASGAL (The APEX

Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy)

tihchhuah thar a ni a, European Southern

Observatory scientist Carlos De Breuck

chuan, “A vawikhatna a tan kan chenna

leilung, planet earth awm ve-na galaxy

chhunga arsi insiam lai chhiarpui kan nei thei

ta a ni”, a ti. He Chile rama awm, APEX

radio telescope hi a enlenna darthlalang len

zawng feet 40 a ni a, tuifinriat a\anga feet

16,700-a sang Chajnantor Plateau-ah

telescope hi an bun a, APEX mapping hi

2007 kum July thla a\anga a\an tawh kha a

ni a, Galaxy hi fur tui lian ang maiin a nu phut

mai a, a vawt hle bawk a, boruak leh vaivut

te chu li vir ang main an vir vut vut mai a,

chutiang karah chuan arsi thar piang tur a

insiam mek hlawm bawk a ni.

HNAPKHIR KHEUH HI!

Hnapkhir kheuh lai leh kuhva hring ei tur a

chinai pan hnah-a tah lai tak hi mihring rilru-

ah sual a awm loh lai ber, rilru a thianghlim lai

ber a ni mai awm mang e, ka ti fo thin a!

Naupan lai hian hnapkhir ei chin dawklak lai

a awm leh bawk a, hauh leh khap tur an ni lo

[Familia Fanai Laltansanga]]]]]

va, haider mai mai tur a ni.Hnapkhir ei chin

hi a ngawl vei theih a ni lo va, sim chin an nei

ve leh mai zel. Sap doctor pakhat chuan

hnapkhir leh hnap hi naupang hrithlang

damdawi chi khat ni awm takin a ziak a ni. A

dikna chen pawh a awm a ni mai thei, naupan

laia hnapkhir ei ching vek kan ni hlawm a!

Thing delh loh lung delh lovin kan lo seilian

chu a ni phawt a! Hnapkhir ei vang leh hnap

eleven ei vanga naupang boral ta an sawi

awm pawh kan la hre ngai meuh lo zawng a

nih hi!

Hnap hi a nal a, hei hi siamtu kutchhuak ropui

tak mihring hriselna atana pawimawh tak

ralvengtu a nihna lai a awm a, ten ngawt tur

pawh a ni lo.Hnap hi naupangin a an ei a,an

lemin pawhin pumpui tan a tangkaina a awm

leh zel a nih chu. Hnap-ah hian antiseptic

enzymes (lysozyme) a awm a,

immunoglobulins, inorganic salts te bakah

proteins lactoferrin leh glycoproteins pawh

a lo awm leh zel an ti a nih chu. Inorganic salt

a tel avang hian hnap leh hnapkhir hi a lo al a

lo ni!

Hnapkhir kheuh hi sap \awng chuan

rhinotillexis an ti a, chin dawklaka neih hi

rhinotillexomania an ti a ni.

Nunna chu thaw hi a ni a, thaw chu chuap-

ah a lut a, lung a phut theihna turin oxygen a

siamsak a. Chuapa boruak thaw thianghlim

tak a luh thleihna tura filter pawimawh tak

chu hnap leh khak hi an ni ve tlat a ni.


MSJ tells you why

**************************

Rei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah aRei tak tui chen hnu hian khawmuala kan chhuah hian a vawt a, tui chhungah a

lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?lum kan ti zawk \hin, hei hi eng nge a chhan ni ang?

Hei hi substance ten lumna an khawl tam theih

zawngah a innghat a. Hetia substance (e.g.

tui, petrol, diesel, khawmual, lung, thing, thir,

etc) ten lumna an khawl tam theih zawng hi

Heat Capacity an ti a. Heat capacity hi a

define danah tak chuan substance

temperature 1oC-a tihsan belh tura chu

substance hnena lumna pek belh ngai tur zat

chu a ni. Heta lumna ngai tur zat hi a tam

chuan kha substance kha a sa har hle tihna a

ni a, chumi tlukpui tho chu – lumna (heat) a

khawl tam thei tih hi a ni leh a, chu mai bakah

a sat tawh hnuah chuan a dai leh har tihna a

ni nghal bawk.

Swimming pool-ah emaw luiah emaw kan

cheng a, rei tak kan chen hnuah tlai lamah

chuan tui a\anga khawmuala kan chhuahin

khawmual chu a vawt kan ti duh hle. Tuia

kan luh leh chuan a lo lum leh deuh pup \hin

a nih hi. Hei hi a chunga kan sawi tak Heat

capacity concept a\ang khian kan sawifiah

thei ang. Substance chi hrang hrangte hian

heat capacity value bik \heuh an nei vek a.

Tui leh leilung heat capacity chu a inang hauh

lova. Nature-a thil awmsa zingah hian tui heat

capacity hi a sang ber pawl a ni a, leilung

heat capacity hi chu tui heat capacity ai chuan

a hniam daih zawk a ni.

Chhunah niin tui leh khawmual chu a chhun

lum ngar ngar a, ni eng a\anga lumna chu an

lo khawl ve ngar ngar bawk a. Tlai lam a lo

nih chuan muang changin lumna an lo khawl

sa chu an hloh leh hret hret a. Tui chuan

khawmual/leilung aia tiatpui \heuh \heuhah

lumna a khawl tam theih zawk avangin a dai

har ta bik a. Khawmual a lo daih tak hnuah

pawh tui chu a la lum deuh bik \hin a ni.

Heat capacity concept tho hi motor-ah te

pawh engine sa lutuk tur tih daihna coolant

property tur sawifiahna pawh a ni nghal a.

Coolant chuan motor engine sa lutuk tur a

tidai tur a ni a, chumi awmzia chu lumna khawl

tam thei tak a ni tur tihna a ni a, i.e. heat

capacity sang tak a ni tur tihna. Motor engine

sa tak kha a coolant chuan a satna chu a lo

lak \hensak anga, engine chu a lo dai sawt

anga, coolant erawh chu a sa ve thung ang.

Heat Capacity nena inang thuak hian Specific

Heat Capacity a awm ve leh a. Hetah hi chuan

substance mass kha a mass tur nen chiang

taka sawi nghal a ni. Substance gram 1-a rit,

a temperature 1oC – a tihsan belh tura lumna

pek belh ngai zat hi Specific Heat Capacity

chu a ni.


CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124CROSS - WORD NO. 124

(I chhanna chu May, 2016 chhungin STAM Office-ah rawn thehlut la, i tihdik vekchuan lawmman i dawng ang. Pakhat aia tam tidik vek in awm chuan thumvawr a niang. Chhanna chu Chanchinbu ami chehthlak emaw, xerox copy emaw, ziak chawpemaw pawhin thehluh theih a ni).

Chhangtu hming : ____________________________

Address : __________________________________

ChhukChhukChhukChhukChhuk

1 Thisen dawt \hin nungcha

2 Mipa tlangval \an tir

3 Lungngai/Ngui (sap \awng)

5 Lawinaa ken \hin

6 Chapo/Intivei

8 Hmun hniam lai/Kawr

9 A huhova chaw ei

12 Nghawnga dah/khai

13 Loneitute |hian

14 Theihnghilh hrat

16 Lungawi lohna hrilh hrep

17 Sawp hrep

19 Hmun pakhat a\anga hmun danga dah

22 |awng ringawt

PheiPheiPheiPheiPhei

1 Hmanlai ralthuam

4 Sat chhum

7 Thil nawh faina

8 Lawmman

9 Turu/rapthlak

10 Thinrim taka hrilh

11 Thla hming

15 Lirthei sei tak

18 Cher/Ti zit zet

20 Chhuk chho

21 Nihna lantir lo

22 Ngaihdam dil/Thiam loh thu sawi

23 Sa kap tura ramchhuak

24 Chem tah hriamna

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8

9

10 11 12 13

14

15 16 17 18

19 20

21 22

23 24


KKKKKeimahnieimahnieimahnieimahnieimahni

*** April 2016 chhung hian Vigyan Prasar, DST, New Delhi leh STAM

buatsaihin Science Teacher te tan training “Hands on Activity” neih

tum a ni a. Elementary leh Secondary School-a Science zirtirtute pualin

he training hi buatsaih tum a ni. Chanchinbu kan buatsaih lai hian a hmun

leh a hun kan hre hman lova, kan rawn tarlang thei ta lo a ni.

2015-a MSJ cover te -

Documents

March & April - stammizoramorg.files.wordpress.com€¦ · 07/03/2020 · March & April, 2016 - 2 Mizoram Science Journal, Mar ch & April, 2016 Editorial Kan dam a, kan ti nek nek