Shanghai International Maritime Forum 2007 Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention Tim Wilkins 国际油轮船东协会 Regional Manager Asia-Pacific Environmental

Shanghai International Maritime Forum 2007

Oil Transportation and

Pollution Prevention

Tim Wilkins

国际油轮船东协会 Regional Manager Asia-Pacific

Environmental Manager

Image C

ourtesy of NO

RD

EN

AS

1. Business Environment

2. Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention1. Accidental

2. Deliberate

3. Future considerations

国际油轮船东协会

01020

30405060

708090

ROW

Middle East

Western Europe

USA

World Oil Supply 1900-2005(Million bls/day)


Crude Oil Seaborne Trade

1. Business Environment国际油轮船东协会

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

USA EU Japan Korea India China

2003 2004 2005 2010

Crude Imports (m tonnes)

Source: Braemar Seascope


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Saudi Arabia Angola Iran Russia Oman

2002 2003 2004 2005

China: Crude oil import sources(‘000 tonnes)

Source: Braemar Seascope


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Litre

Oil consumption per capita(Litres/day - 2003)


The World needs Tankers

• World Oil Consumption 3.7 billion ts

• Transported by sea 2.3 billion ts

• > 60% transported by sea.

As an Industry we may not be loved BUT WE ARE NEEDED


Zero tolerance


Sou

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ation

al H

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ld Trib

une

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1 20

05

Tonnes spilt per billion tonne-mile transported

So long as we have a demand we will have a risk…

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

2. Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention国际油轮船东协会

two branches to the problem

Large Scale Accidental Spills

Persistent and Deliberate Discharges

the problems are obvious, the solutions are less so


%

6

22

5159

67 68 73 76 79 82 85

94

78

4941

33 32 27 24 21 18 15

0

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SH/DB/DS

DH

% dwt share* :

* Assumes

phase out

according to

regulations

(rounded

upwards, 25

years after 2010

.


Tanker fleet; double and single hull

Solutions

- Maintenance of existing vessels

- Coatings, integrity of welding…

- Enhanced Surveys (Condition Assessment)

- Role of Port State Control

- Places of Refuge: the Prestige disaster has clearly shown that arrangements to accommodate vessels in distress are inadequately regulated

- Protection of Fuel Tanks


Solutions




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50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

19

88

19

89

19

90

19

91

19

92

19

93

19

94

19

95

19

96

19

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19

98

19

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20

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20

01

20

02

20

03

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04

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ESP

ErikTorrey


Solutions




- Role of Port State Control

- Places of Refuge: the Prestige disaster has clearly shown that arrangements to accommodate vessels in distress are inadequately regulated

- Protection of Fuel Tanks


two branches to the problem

Large Scale Accidental

Spills

Persistent and Deliberate Discharges

the problems are obvious, the solutions are less so


Oil and Chemicals

2. Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention

– Oil into the sea from fuel oil waste (sludge) bilge oil (machinery waste oil) tank washing, cargo residues

Fuel Oil Sludge from All Ship Types 187,990M/T

Bilge Oil from All Ship Types 64,400M/T

Cargo Discharges from Tankers 19,250M/T (1990 158,600M/T)

2. Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention

Achieving zero discharge

• Industry Guidance on Use of Oily Water Separators and Completion of Oil Record Book

• Guide for treatment of engine room wastes – including means to limit generation of waste, better management of waste, better design and sizing of equipment, (revisions to MARPOL), and additional training


Persistent and Deliberate Discharge of Oil

A typical Reception and Treatment facility

Courtesy of OSRL/EARL Singapore

What to do with the waste oil:• Incinerate (air emissions issue)• Discharge at sea in legal quantities (15ppm) – not fuel oil sludge...!• Discharge ashore


Port Reception Facility issue

• International Law Obligates Availability and Adequacy

• Problems: Responsibility: Port vs Local Agencies

Profitability

Contaminated Oils

• Solutions – enforcement and responsibility: MARPOL Annex I

EU Directive

Case by case


Achieving zero discharge

1. Provision of adequate reception facilities for all waste types

2. Harmonization of fee system and mandatory delivery of waste

3. Effective on-board waste system design– oil water separation management– chemical management

4. Effective waste treatment and monitoring technology– Industry best practice

5. Supported by:1. Aerial surveillance

2. Oil tracing and fingerprinting technologies


3. Future challenges

0

200

400

600

800

1000

78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06

0

84

168

252

336

420

00 01 02 03 04 05 06

War

H & M

F & E

Grounding

Collis.

Misc

Reported tanker incidents

with human error cases increasing• groundings 17%• collisions 33%

The Human Element


3. Future challenges

• Current and future shortages - Shortage now or in the future?

• Quality gap (training and experience)

• Attracting new officers – industry image and criminalisation

Industry Action

• Human Element in Shipping Committee• Tanker Officer Training Standards (TOTS)• Cadet Berths – Survey & Policy• STCW revision / IMO Human Element Committee

The Human Element


thank you

国际油轮船东协会For more information please visit www.intertanko.com

[email protected]


Documents

Shanghai International Maritime Forum 2007 Oil Transportation and Pollution Prevention Tim Wilkins 国际油轮船东协会 Regional Manager Asia-Pacific Environmental