Thực Trạng Phát Triển Cơ Sở Hạ Tầng ở Tam Giác Phát Triển Việt Nam - Lào -Campuchia

8/20/2019 Thực Trạng Phát Triển Cơ Sở Hạ Tầng ở Tam Giác Phát Triển Việt Nam - Lào -Campuchia

1/11

THUC TRANG PHAT TRIEN C O SO HA TANG

• • •

6 TAM GIAC PHAT TRIEN

VIET NAM LAO CAMPUCHIA

L E PHUdNG HOA*

T

am giac phat tr ien Viet Nam - Lao

- Campuchia bao gdm 10 tinh

thuoc vflng bien gidi chung

ciia

3 nfldc la

Kon Tum, Gia lai, Dac Ndng, Dac Lac

( thude Viet Nam), Sekong, AttapU,

Sanavan ( thuoc Lao) , S tung Treng ,

Ra t tanak i r i , Monduk i r i ( thuoc

campuchia). Day la khu vUc cd vj trf trong

ye'u cua mdi nUde va cho ca ba qudc gia vdi

dien tfch

tii

nhien

11 1 11.021

km2, dan so'

4,267 trieu ngUdi' . Vdi

t im

quan trong ve

dja chien lUdc ciia minh , nam 1999 tai cudc

gap d Vien Chan cua 3 thu tUdng Viet

Nam, Lae, Campuchia, y tUdng ve viec

hinh thanh tam giac phat tr ien Viet Nam

- Lad - Campuchia da dUdc dUa ra

va

thdng qua. Tai nhflng lan gap gd sau dd,

cac nha lanh dad tie'p tuc khang djnh tim

quan trong cua viec phat tr ien khu vUc

tam giac nay vi Idi fch chung

(;iia

3 nfldc.

Tuy nhien, viec thflc

diy

sfl phat tr ien

ciia khu vUc nay lai dd'i mat vdi rat nhieu

khd k ha n be n ca nh ye'u td' th u a n ldi la sU

ddng thuan va

iing

ho ve mat chfnh trj

ciia

3 nha nUdc. Nhflng khd khan dd de'n tfl ca

nhflng yeu

to

chu quan va khac quan cua

khu vUc. Trong dd yeu to'

ve cd sd ha tang

ludn dUdc xem la mot trong nhflng nhan

to

then chd' t cho sfl phat tr ien.

Do vay, de cd the thuc day qua tr inh

phat tr ien ciia khu vflc nay, dieu trUdc

bet can phai chu y la phat tr ien ddng bo

mot he thdng cd sd ha tang de lam nen

tang cho cac sU phat tr ien t iep theo. Day

la yeu cau tat yeu de dan den viec can

thiet phai cd mot nghien cflu danh gia

chung ve t inh hinh phat tr ien cd sd ha

tang ta i khu vUc nay.

Nhin chung, cd sd ha tang cflng tam

giac pha t t r ien Vie t Nam - Lao -

Campuchia dUdc xep d mflc do kem phat

tr ien va phat tr ien khdng ddng deu. Day

la mot khd khan cd ban nhat cho sU phat

trien chung ciia khu vflc. Vdi dac diem ciia

mot he thd'ng cd sd ha tang nhfl vay thi se

ban che sfl phat tr ien ciia cac nganh kinh

te va ddi sd'ng dan cfl. Trong khu vflc tam

giac thi vflng bien gidi Tay Nguyen

ciia

Viet Nam cd mat bang cd sd ha tang tUdng

ddi phat tr ien hdn vdi chinh sach dau tU

Ths Le Phu'cing Hoa, Vien Nghien cflu Dong Nam A


2/11

Le Phuang Hda - Tliifc trang phd f tiii ii la sd ha rdng a tam giac...

v a t h u h u t d i u tU cd md hd n, t ro ng k hi cac

tinh D d n g B a c C a m p u c h i a va N a m L a o

t h i r a t b a n

che ve

n g u d n

d i u

tU cho cd sd

h a t a n g . T r Ud c k h i h i n h t h a n h t a m g i ac

p h a t t r i e n V i e t N a m - L a e - C a m p u c h i a

th i ta i 2 khu vUc nay cd sd ha tang gin

n h u kh dn g dUdc chf l t r on g flu t ie n

d i u

tU

va neu cd th i

phin Idn

ngan sach la t f l

nh f lng hd t rd cua ch fnh ph i i va cac tap

d o a n k i n h te c i i a V i e t N a m . Chi tfl khi

h i n h t h a n h n e n t a m g i ac p h a t t r i e n , k h u

vflc N am Lao , Dd ng Bac C am pu ch ia nd i

r i e n g v a T a y N g u y e n V i e t N a m d e u n h a n

dUdc nh ieu sU qu an t a m d i u tU hd n cu a

chfnh phii mdi nUdc va Uu t ien d iu tU

c h u n g c u a 3 c h f n h p h u . C a c t r o n g t a m

d a u t u t r o n g g i a i d o a n

d i u

b i n h t h a n h

t a m g i ac d e u t a p t r u n g c h u n g v a o v a n d e

p h a t tr ien cd sd ha tang c i ia khu vUc nay.

Tuy vay, de 'n nay khu vUc nay van la khu

vUc ke m p h a t t r i en ve cd sd ha ta n g.

1

G i a o t h o n g v a n t a i

Mang ludi g iad thdng van ta i d vf lng

tam g iac chUa pha t t r i en ddng bd , d day

chUa cd tuyen dUdng sat . Giao thdng

dUdng thuy t r en cac .sdng Me Kdng, sdng

Kdng, Se San va Se Re Pdk ban che vi

long ,sdng nh ie u t ha c gh en h. mf la khd th i

kiet nfldc, mfla mUa th i nfldc lfl chay xiet.

Sdng ngdi Idn d 2 t in h A t t ap u va

Se*

Kdng

f t , phan

Idn

la cac

sudl

nhd, chi cd sdng

Kdng la sdng

Idn

d a n k e , v a n

t ia

thiiy mfla

can thu ye n chd 2 t a 'n , mf la mf la th uy en

Idn cd th e chd 6 t a n . Ha i t inh S t u n g T r e n g

v a R a t t a n a k i r i cd n h i e u s d n g ng d i n h U n g

chUa kha i t h Ic dUdc. Sdng Me Kdng doan

c h a y q u a t i n h S t u n g T r e n g t h u o c d j a h i n h

rf lng nui , Idng sdn g rdng, mf la kh d nu dc

can, nhieu thac ghenh, mf la mfla nUde

Idn

chay x ie t , van t i i k h d k h a n n e n chUa p h a t

t r i en . Sdng Kdng

ndi

tiep tfl bien gidi gifla

t i n h A t t a i n t d i t inh S tung Treng rd i dd

vao sdng Me Kdng d t inh S t u n g T r e n g ,

d o a n q u a t inh S t rung Teng Idng sdng rdng

1 0 0 - 3 0 0 m , n h i e u t h a c g h e n h n e n k h d c d

kha nang pha t t r i en van t a i th i iy . Sdng Se

San ba t ngudn t f l G ia La i va Kon Tum,

V i e t N a m c h a y q u a t inh R a t t a n a k i r i d en

t inh S tung Treng nhap vao sdng Se Kdng

va dd vao sdng Me Kdng ta i S t rung Treng .

vao mfla khd, nfldc sdng can, Idng sdng de

Id nh ieu d a va gh en h tha c , m ua m Ua nfldc

sdng Idn va ch ly xiet cud'n trdi nhflng cay

rf lng nen van ta i th i iy den nay van chf la

ed du an de khai thac .

C a c t u y e n d U d n g h a n h k h d n g t r o n g

tam g iac da h inh thanh va kha i thac , t ao

d ieu k ien t h u a n ld i cho g iao

thUdng ciia

kh u vUc. Tr on g k hu vUc cd tdn g

sd

4 san

b a y , S a n b a y R a t t a n a k i r i v a S t u n g T r e n g

cd dudng bang bang dat cap phdi , cd sd vat

cha t ky thua t phuc vu s an bay chUa pha t

t r i en . San bay

Pley

Ku cd dudng bang

bang be tdng cho cac loai may bay nhd

(khoang 60 hanh khach) ha va ca t canh ,

m di t u i n 4 -5 ch uy en . Sa n bay Budn Me

Thua t dudng bang da dUdc nang cap cho

cac

loai

m a y b a y

Idn

cd the cat canh. Mac

df l df ldng hang khdng chf la phat t r ien

hien dai nhflng bfldc d Iu da dap flng du'dc

n h u c iu di lai ciia khu vUc.

Mang lud i dudng bo t rong v f lng t am

giac p ha t t r i en da cd ba n h in h th a n h va l a

kenh d i chuyen chfnh c i ia khu vUc song

phin Idn

cac tuye 'n difdng d cac

t inh

cua

Lao va (^ampuchia mdi chi la dUdng da t

tru' cac qud'c

Id

va t inh

Id ciia

4 t in h V iet


3/11

4

Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 3/2010

N a m

h i u

he t da dUdc ra i

n h u a ,

cdn lai ty

le dudng r a i nhUa c i i a cac t inh Nam Lao

v a D d n g B a c C a m p u c h i a r a t t h a ' p . N h i e u

tuye'n dUdng chi dUde s i i du ng t r on g mf la

khd, mf la mfla d i la i ra t khd khan.

Mang If ldi giao thd 'ng van tai vflng Tay

N g u y e n k h a p h a t t r i e n , b o a nhaj) vao

mang g iao thdng toan qud ' c va qudc te

sa ng Lao va C am pu ch ia . M a n g Ifldi g iao

thdng van t a i v f lng nay chu yeu l a g iao

t h d n g d u d n g b o v a h a n g k h d n g . D e n n a m

2 0 0 4 v u n g T a y N g u y e n d a cd 1 9 7 8 k m

dudng qud 'c

Id,

1520 km dUdng t inh Id,

4 1 2 0 k m d u d n g h u y e n I d

va

5 3 2 6 k m

d u d n g g i a o t h d n g n d n g t h d n . M a t d o

dUdng 0 .4 km / 1 km 2 so vd i t r u n g b in h

ciia

(;a

nUdc cdn thap . (^ac t u y e n d U d ng

giao th dn g hu y et m ac h da dUdc cai tao , 10

tu ye n qud 'c Id deu da dUdc khdi p hu c, n an g

c a p ; cac san bay dUdc cai tao , keo dai

d u d n g b a n g d a m b a o c h o T a y N g u y e n

g iao lUu thuan Id i hdn vd i v f lng Ddng Nam

Bd, Du ye n ha i Na m T ru n g Bd va vd i ca

L a o , C a m p u c h i a . M a n g lu di dudng t inh Id ,

hu ye n Id va g iao th d ng nd ng th dn du'dc cai

th ien dan g ke t ro ng nhf lng na m qu a .

Ve va n t a i h a n g khd ng , kh u vflc Tay

N g u y e n cd 3 s a n b a y d a k h a i t h a c v a n h u

cau 3 sa n ba y na y se dUdc n a n g len do cd

nh ieu cdng t r inh xay d i ing va tdc do pha t

t r i e n k i n h te n h a n h t a i v f l n g n a y . G i a L a i

cd s a n b a y P l e i k u t h u o c loai cap IV va

t r f l c t h u o c c u m c a n g m i e n T r u n g d i e n

t f ch nha ga 350 m2 cd mot dudng bang

dai 1.828 m vdi n a n g lUc h a n g n a m 0 , 5

t r i e u h a n h k h a c b / n a m . H a n g n a m d a v a n

c h u y e n 2 1 . 0 0 0 - 2 3 . 0 0 0

lUdt

k h a c h , b i n h

q u a n 5 8 h a n h k h a c h / n g a y . D a k L a k cd

san bay Budn Ma Thuo t thuoc loa i cap I I I

va trUc thude c u m c a n g h a n g k h d n g p h fa

N a m . D i e n t f c h n h a g a 1.1150 m2, cd mot

du dn g b an g da i 1 .800 m. Tf l s a n ba y n ay

c u n g cd c a c t u y e n b a y d i c a c t h a n h p h d '

t rong nudc nhU d i Ha Ndi cd 3 -5 chuyen

t rong tu in . Tuy mdi du 'dc s i i a ch f la l a i

nh f lng d da y van d a n g sfl d u n g loa i m ay

b a y cd n h d 5 0 - 6 0 k h a c h / c h u y e n . L a m

D d n g cd s a n b a y L i e n K h U d n g t h u o c c a p

I I I , t f l sa n b ay cd cac chu ye 'n b ay d i Tp.

Hd CHf Minh va Ha Noi .

G iao thd ng th i iy d k hu v flc Ta y Ng uy en

kh dn g dUdc t h u a n ld i n h u d cac vf lng nu i

phfa B I C . Thf lc te d da y chf la k h a i th ac

g i a d t h d n g d f l d n g t h i i y . S d n g d T a y

Ng uy en dUdc ch ay ve ha i ph ia , ph fa Ddn g

cd cac sdng nhU sdng Cdn, sdng Ba, cac

sdng nhu Se r e pok , Sa Thay deu chay ve

phfa Tay . Nhf lng sdng sudi ngan cd do dd'c

Idn, nUdc chay xiet ve mfla mfla va khd

kie t ve mfla kh d ne n kh d cd th e ph uc vu

giao thdng. Dien t fch hd ta i khu vUc gan

130 km2, cd nh f lng hd Idn nhu hd Da Nhim

(3 .700 ha) , nhung van chu ' a cd nhu

c iu

van

ta i thuy ( rong cac hd nay v i dan thf la ,

hang hda pha t t r i en ch f la nh ieu , nen nhu

cau van ta i th i iy chUa dat ra ca 'p th ie ' t .

B a t inh b ien g id i Ddng B ic C a m p u c h i a

thu oc khu vUc v f lng s a u v un g xa ,

each

xa

thii

d d P h n o n p e n h v d i h e t h d ' n g g i a o

t h d n g c h u a p h a t t r i e n n e n v i e c d i l a i t r o n g

kh u vUc va vd i be n ngo a i ga p r a t nh i eu

khd khan . Cac tuye 'n dUdng g iao thdng

ch in h d i qu a k h u vUc gdm dUdn g 7 dUdng

78 , 7 6 , 7 2 v a 2 t u y e n d u d n g h a n g k h d n g

cflng tludng thuy doc theo sdng Me Kdng .

Tfl thii dd Phnom Penh theo qud ' c Id 7

len Kracherh rd i l en S tung Treng . Tf l nga

b a O r P o n g M o r n t i n h S t u n g T r e n g , d i e m


4/11

Le Phuang Hda - Thifc trang phdt trien ca .sd ha tdng d tam gidi

3 5

xua' t phat ci ia qud'c Id 7 8 q u a B a n L u n g

(tinh Ij ciia Ra t tanak i r i ) de 'n b ien g id i

C a m p u c h i a - V i e t N a m d a i 1 9 8 k m . D o a n

dudng t f l b ien g id i Viet Nam den Ban

Lung da dUdc phfa Viet Nam dau tu xay

dung , cdn dean t f l Ban Lung den nga ba d

P o n g M o r n c o n g l a d U d n g d a t . D d a n

dud ng na y d an g dUdc T ru n g Qud'c hd t rd

dau tu xay dUng.

Ngoai cac tuye 'n dUdng bd, t f l Phnom

P e n h d i S t u n g T r e n g v a R a t t a n a k i r i c d

d u d n g h a n g k h d n g n d i d j a : P h n o m P e n h -

S t u n g T r e n g , P h n o m P e n h - R a t t a n a k i r i

Ve dudng th i iy , cd the d i doc sdng Me

Kdng t fl Ph no m P en h , qu a th i xa Cdng

pdng C ha m , K ra -c he ng fldc l en td i S tu ng

T r e n g . N h u n g h a i t u y e n d U d n g n a y d e u

khd d i la i va khdng an toan , nat la ve mfla

m f la . D o v a y , m u d n n h a n h c h d n g , t h u a n

t ien va an toan , ngf ld i ta thf ldng d i qua

b ien g id i V ie t Nam rd i vdng t rd l a i

C a m p u c h i a q u a c i i a k h a u T a y N i n h h o a c

B i n h P h f l d c .

Nhfl vay cd .sd ha ta n g df ldng g iao

t h d n g ciia ba t inh d d n g b a c

( ampuchia

c d n r a t k e m , d i l a i r a t k h d k h a n , n h a t

la

vao mfla mfla thi khu vflc Ddng Bac gin

nhf l h i cd lap . He thd 'ng g iao thdng ndng

t h d n c u n g c h U a p h a t t r i e n ,

chii

yeu la

d u d n g d a n s i n h d i la i khd khan . Do vay

v iec t r ao dd i hang hda ciia cac t inh nay vdi

cac t inh khac-, nha' t la vdi thii dd P ndm

i enh

ra t khd khan va ve mfla mua th i

hoan toan b j te liet. Trong khi dd v iec g iao

th f ldng va t r ao dd i hang hda vd i V ie t Nam

lai ra ' t thuan ld i qua dUdng qud 'c Id 78.

Tudng tu nhu he thd 'ng g iao thdng t a i

vf lng Ddng

b i c

C a p u c h i a , t a i v f l n g N a m

Lao t inh t r ang g iao thdng d i l a i c f lng r a t

khd khan. Ngoai nhf lng df ldng qud 'c Id

chay qua ba

t inh

va dudng l i en huyen , he

thd'ng g iao thdn g nd ng thd n d day chii yeu

la dud ng m dn . K ho ang 2 0-2 5% so ' ba n

chUa cd dudng g iad thdng t f l tuyen huyen

de'n tuye 'n ba n . D ac b ie t d A t t ap u cd 44 ,6%

dan sd 'chUa cd dudng g iao thdng de 'n ban .

Cac ban cua cac bo tdc f t ngudi t rong

tinh

d sau t rong nui , cac ban cdn la i ra t xa

nh au ne n viec d i l a i r a t khd k ha n

Hien nay cd the d i t f l At tapu td i ta t ca

cac t in h d N am Lao , rdi tfl dd tda di khip

nfldc Lao; da cd dfldng t inh ly cha y thd ng

sudt tf l

t inh

ly tdi bien gidi Viet Nam qua

cfla k h a u Bd Y; cd dUdng 1 J ndi vdi

C a m p u c h i a q u a

t inh

R a t t a n a k i r i d a n g

da n dUdc ho an t h i en (ch ua cd cfla k h au ) .

P h f a h u y e n S a n a m x a y g i a p v di h u y e n

S e n p a n g t i n h S t u n g T r e n g d a c d eiia k h a u

phu thdng qua dudng g iao thdng th i iy doc

theo sdng Sekong , dang t ao d ieu k ien cho

nhan dan di lai doc bien gidi hai nUdc.

Hien nay he thd 'ng g iao thdng c i ia t inh S e

Kdng dang dUdc hoan th ien

d i n

de dap

flng nhu c lu d i l a i quanh nam, t rong dd

q u a n t r o n g n h a ' t

la

t u y e n d u d n g 1 6 B

ndi

Se Kdng vdi Viet Nam dai 123km


5/11

36

Nghien cifu Dong N am A 3/20/0

kh u vUc Tay Ng uyen ciia Viet Nam thi cac

kh u vUc cdn lai viec di lai va v an ch uy en

hang hda la rat khd khan, tham chf den

mfla mfla thi cd nhieu khu vUc bj cd lap.

Dieu nay khien cho viec khai thac tiem

nang kinh te d day bj ban che. Do vay

trong cac ke hoach phat tr ien vflng thi f lu

t ien hang d iu

hien nay dUdc dat ra la dau

tu nang cap he thd'ng giao thdng ma trudc

mat tap trung la he thd'ng giao thdng

dudng bd de mot mat phat trien ddi sd'ng

kinh te xa hdi tai chd, mat khac phuc vu

sU ph at tr ien chu ng cua ca kh u vUc.

•

2.

He tho ' ng d i en

Xet ve tiem nang, vflng tam giac phat

tr ien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia cd Idi

the rat Idn ve khai thac cac ngudn thuy

dien. Tuy nhien cho de'n nay, ldi the nay

mdi chi dUdc khai thac d mflc tha'p, chfla

xflng tiem nang vd'n cd

ciia

vung. Mdt dac

diem nfla trong viec phat trien he thd'ng

dien d day

la

phan Idn viec khai thac dien

do cac cdng ty cua Viet Nam dflng ra dau

tu va khai thac nham dap flng nhu cau

phat tr ien kinh te 'c i ia Viet Nam trong san

xua't. Cac vflng thiiy dien dflde khai thac

tap t rung

chii

ye'u hien nay la d Tay

Nguyen va doc bien gidi Viet. Na m tre n

nUdc ban Lao va Ca m pu ch ia. Viec tiep ca n

ngudn cung ca'p dien d vflng tam giac cung

cd sU chenh lech

Idn

gifla khu vUc Tay

Nguyen

ciia

Viet Nam vdi Ddng

Bic

Campuchia va Nam Lae

Tay Nguyen dUdc cap dien bdi hai

ngudn: ngudn dien tfl Ifldi dien qud'c gia va

ngudn dien tai chd. Ngudn dien qud'c gia:

dUdc lay tfl tram 500 KV/220 KV Pleiku

(450

MVA) va cung cap dien cho cac tinh

trong vflng nhfl sau: Tinh Gia Lai: dUdc

cap bdi tram bien ap ngudn

220KV/110

KV Ple iku (1x125 MVA) va t ram

110KV/35KV/10KV, bien

Hd

(Ix

25 MVA);

Tinh Kon Tum; dUdc cap bdi tram

110KV/35KV/10KV Kon Tu m (Ix 25MVA)

qua dudng day llOKV Pleiku - Ken Tum

(AC - 185) dai 30 km; Tinh Dak Lak va

Dak N dng : dUdc cap bdi tr a m 110

KV/35KV/10KV Budn Ma Thuot qua

dudng day 220KV Pleiku - Krongbuk dai

145 km (hien tai van hanh

110

KV) va 110

KV Krongbuk - Budn Ma Thuot

(AC-185)

dai 40 km.

Tdng cdng sua' t dat ciia cac tram thiiy

dien nhd d Tay N guy en k ho ang 22.000

MW, trong dd phai ke de'n nha may thiiy

dien Draylinh (Dak Lak) cd cdng suat dat

Pd = 12 MW, vdi 3 td may (3x4 MW), san

ludng

dien

dii

tfnh la 91 tr ieu KWh. Tuy

nhien thUc te chi dUdc san

lUdng

la 37,5

trieu KWh do phu thuoc vad mfla mfla,

khd . Mot so' tr a m thii y die n cd nhd van

hanh khdng dn djnh do may mdc thie ' t hi

khdng ddng be.

Tang tr f ldng dien nang trung binh

trong giai doan 1995-2004 Tay Nguyen

dat 28,2% - do dia ban Tay Nguyen da

n ha n d ien ludi qud'c gia. Tieu t h u dien d

Tay Nguyen

chii

ye'u cho anh sang sinh

boa t d cac th a n h phd', th i xa, thi tra n

huyen, chiem tdi 60,4%) tdng dien nang

tieu thu trong vf lng. Binh quan dien

thUdng pham tren dau ngUdi vflng Tay

Nguyen v in ra't tha'p, do he thd'ng ludi

dien phan

phdi

va phu tai cdn ban che.

Tuy nhien xet ve he thd'ng ca'p dien thi

den nay da dUa dUdc dien xud'ng 100% xa

nhim

phuc vu cho san xuat va s inh hoat


6/11

Le Phuang Hda - Thifc trang phdt trien ca sd ha tdng a tam gidc...

7

ci ia ba con ndng thdn.

Kh ac vd i T ay N gu ye n , kh u vUc Dd ng

Bic C a m p u c h i a cd t i e n n a n g Idn ve thuy

dien vdi nhflng khu vUc sdng cd cdng sua' t

l i p may td i 4932 MW nhu thuy d ien

S t un g Tr en g , ha S ea n 1, ha Se an 2 ,

Spre pok 1, Sp rep ok 2 , Sp repo k 3 , Se Kdng

1 , Se Kdng 2 song ngudn d ien cung cap

de'n ngudi dan cdn ra ' t ban che. Mac dfl

kh dn g cd con sd' thd 'ng ke chfnh xac nhU ng

ty le ngUdi dan dUdc si i dung d ien d day

rat tha 'p . Dieu nay xuat phat t f l 2 ly do cd

ban l a ngudn

Iflc diu

tf l ve dien phuc vu

nhu c lu t a i cho tha 'p , chu ye 'u l a kha i thac

d ien c i i a V ie t Nam de ban cho V ie t Nam;

thfl hai la cd sd ha t i n g c h u n g d d a y r a t

kem, chfla dii dieu kien de cd mot he

thd 'ng d ien rdng

k h i p

t rong khi ngf ld i dan

la i s in h sd'ng k h a p h a n ta n .

Xe t ve t i e m n a n g th i iy d ien , Sdng

M e k o n g c h a y q u a d i a p h a n S t u n g T r e n g

cd t i em n an g thu y d ien r a t Idn . T hu y d ien

T h a c K h o n ( t h u o c t i n h S t r u n g T r e n g g i a p

v d i C h a m p a s a c ) c d c d n g s u a t l i p m a y la

7 5 0 K W , s a n lUdng t i eu th u d ien nan g l a

6 .220 GWh/ nam, cd the ke ' t hdp tudi nUdc

k h o a n g 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 h a ; T h u y d i e n S t u n g

Tr en g cd cdng su a t l ap m ay l a 3 .400KW ,

.san lUdng t i eu th u d ien na n g l a 24 .554

GWh/ nam, cd the ke ' t hdp tudi nUdc

khoang 700 .000 ha va d ieu t i e t ddng chay

mfla l f l khoang

25.000m-Vs;

Ngoa i th i iy

dien chfnh t ren sdng Me Kdng, khu vUc

nay cdn cd t i e m n a n g th i iy d ien

Idn

ciia

c a c n h a n h s d n g c h f n h

luu

vUc M e K dng

nh u ha Se an 1, ha S ea n 2 , Sp r epo k 1,

Sprepo k 2 , Sp rep ok 3 cd cdng sua t laj)

m ay la 7 8 2 K W , s a n lUdng t i eu th u d ien

nang l a 2360 GWh/ nam, cd the ke ' t hdp

tud i nude khoang 205 .000 ha va th i iy d ien

Se Kdng 1, Se Kdng 2.

Cf lng vdi nhu c lu t ieu thu d ien cua

Vie t Nam phuc vu cho yeu cau t ang

t r f ldng cua nen k inh te dang la cd hdi cho

cac nh a d au tU Viet N am

d iu

tu vao day

de bfl dap sU th ie u b u t ve dien. Hdn nfla

vdi vj tri dja

ly

cua cae dja diem ed t iem

na ng ve th uy d ien deu g i n vdi Viet N am

cun la Id i the cua cac nha

d i u

tU t rong

viee da u tU th u y d ie n .

Tudng tu he thd 'ng cung cap d ien ta i

D d n g B a c C a m p u c h i a , h e t h d n g s d n g n g d i

d Na m Lao t ao cho kh u vuc nay ti em na ng

Idn ve pha t t r i en nang lUdng. Sdng Me

Kdng chay doe dat nUdc Lao va cac chi

luu

eiia nd, cd ngudn nUdc rat ddi dao nen

t i em nang ve thuy d ien d Lao Idn hdn d cac

nudc thude ba iuu sdng Me Kdng. Cae t inh

N a m Lao thu oc t am g iac ph a t t r i en V ie t

N am - Lao - C am pu ch ia cd tdng edng

xua' t lap m a y la 3 .131 MW nhu nha may

t h i i y d i e n S e K o n g 3 , 4 , 5 ; X e k a m a n r

1,2,3,4; Xe Su; N am Ko ng 1 ,2 ,3 ; Xe N am

N o i; D a e E M e u l e ; H . L a m p h a n

Nial T r o n g n h f l n g n a m g i n day vdi sfl

p h a t t r i e n ciia nen k inh t e V ie t Nam, cac

t a p d o a n k i n h te va Tdng cdng ty Idn ciia

Vie t N am nhU Tdn g cdng ty Sdng Da , Ta p

doan d ien

lUc

V i e t N a m d a

d Iu

tU xay

d i ing mot sd 'nha may th i iy d ien Idn d day.

Tuy vay, t rong khu vUc nay chi cd cac

th j t r an , th j xa cd d ien (khoang 10-15%

d a n sd dude sif dung dien). Cdn vflng nong

th dn m ien nu i ha u nhU ch ua cd d ien ''^' .

Tinh

S ar av an cd th i iy d ien Sese t Da n xay

dung nao 1991 vdi cdng sua ' t 45 MW va

s a n lUdng d ien 616 .990 ngh in KW /h da

cu ng cap d ien cho kho an g 20% sd' ba n


7/11

38

Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 312010

trong tinh vdi khoang hdn 11 nghin bd

dan dUdc sU dung dien

Toan tinh Attapu co 4 tram thiiy djen

vdi edng sua't 1.338 KW, trong dd tram

thiiy dien Hudi Ho la tram quan trong cd

th e c un g ca'p cho 1 sd' cd sd s in xuat cdng

nghiep

che

bien. ngoai ra cdn rat nhieu

dja die'm cd the xay dUng cac tram thuy

dien. Tinh Salavan cflng cd mot nha may

thuy dien'- .

Bflc tranh chung ve be thd'ng cung ca'p

dien d vflng tam giac ph at tr ie n la dien

dflde khai thac d vflng tien nang nhflng

chii yeu d doc bien gidi Viet Nam de phuc

vu nhu clu phat tr ien c i ia Viet Nam hdn

la phat trien he thd'ng dien tai chd. Do vay

de'n nay, neu tfnh binh quan chung cua

toan vflng thi ti le ngfldi dan dflde tiep can

vdi dien sinh boat la ra ' t Idn trong nhu clu

dien cho san xua't khdng

Idn

va du'dc dap

flng thi khi he thd'ng dien cung ca'p cho

dan lai ra't tha'p. Va'n de nay anh hUdng

true tie'p de'n viec cai thien ddi sd'ng ngUdi

dan va do dd cd nhflng tac dong giam tie'p

len sU ph at tr ie n ch un g

ciia

vflng.

3.

Bifu

c h i n h - v i e n t h o n g

Sfl chenh lech trong he thd'ng cd sd ha

tang gifla 3 khu vUc bien gidi thuoc vflng

tam giac phat tr ien Viet Nam - Lao -

Campuchia dUde the hien dam net nha' t d

he thdng

BUu

chfnh Vien thdng. Tai khu

viic

Tay Nguyen trong nhf lng

nam

qua,

dich vu bUu chfnh - phat hanh bao chf da

dam nhan chuyen dUa thU, bao, bflu

pham, bflu kien den tf lng khach hang.

Nganh da trang hi cho cac ddn vi phfldng

tien van tai, van chuyen bUu chfnh chu

ddng ha n h t r in h d cac tuye'n dUdng th u

ch uy en ng an h . Cac tuye 'n d td dUdc

chu yen ng an h hda 100%) tr en m an g dUdng

th u ca'p 1 (m ang lien tinh). Mang dUdng

th u cap 11 va cap HI (m an g ndi

tinh va

di

cac huyen, huyen di xa) sU dung ca

phUdng t ien van chuyen ciia nganh va

phUdng tien xa hoi (cdng cong).

Mang thdng t in bUu chinh - phat hanh

bao chf d Tay N gu yen

v in

duy tr i cac boat

ddng truyen thd'ng. Viec dfla vao cac dich

vu mdi nhu d ien hoa , chuyen pha t

nh an h phuc vu kh ach ha ng cdn cham

va chUa dUdc dau tU thfch dang de dap

flng nhu clu xa hoi.

Ve

mang bUu

cue:

phat tr ien chUa can

ddi, chUa dd ng bo, m ot so' bUu

cue

dau tU

xay diing mdi nhUng trang thie ' t hi va

phUdng thflc kinh doanh phuc vu chfla

tfldng xflng, nen hieu qua kinh te cdn

tha'p.

Trang thiet bj khai thac bflu chfnh cdn

rat thd sd,

h iu

het lao dong khai thac bfl

chfnh bang thu cdng, nang sua' t tha 'p, dich

vu chUa phong phu,. Gan day, ngoai cac

dich vu truyen thd'ng nhfl thfl, bUu kien,

bUu ph am ghi so', thU dien c hu ye n tie n,

nh an da t bao chi tai cac bUu cu tru ng

tam tinh (bUu

cue

I) va mot

so

bUu

cue

huyen da md them cac djch vu mdi nhu

dien hoa, phat thanh, Facximile , chi t ra

nhanh cac yeu cau nhan t ien. Cac bUu

cue

loai I va 2/3 bUu

cue

loai

II

(bUu

cue

quan

huyen) da dUa may tfnh vao cac phdng

giao dich lam ddi mdi thao tac nghiep vu,

tan dung tdi da viec giao nhan, tao dieu

kien thuan ldi cho khach hang va cdng tac

quan ly d bUu

cue.


8/11

Le Phuang Hda - Thifc trang phdt trien ca sd lia tdng d tam gidi

3 9

Theo bao cao c i i a Bd Buu ch fnh V i ln

t h d n g ( B C V T ) , m a n g B C V T T a y N g u y e n

p h a t t r i e n n h a n h , r d n g , t h d n g s u d t t f l t i n h

den ndng thdn vd i cdng nghe , ky thua t sd '

h ie n dai , cd b a n d ap f lng dflde n h i e m v u

t h d n g t i n p h u c v u p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e - x a

hd i , bao da m a n n i nh qu dc ph dng , n an g

cao dan trf . De'n het

nam

2004 cd 97% so'

xa cd m ay d ien th oa i (G ia La i , D ak Lak ,

L a m D d n g d a t 1 0 0 % , r i e n g K o n T u m , D a k

Ndng da t 80 -82% sd 'xa cd d ien thoa i ) . Den

nam

2004 , sd ' m ay b i nh

quan/100

dan d

vf lng Tay Nguyen cd 4 ,2 may /100 dan ;

t inh Lam Ddng 7 ,1 may /100 dan . Ca 5

tinh T a y N g u y e n d e u lap da t tdng da i

S t a r e x . D e n

nam

2004 t inh Gia Lai cd 40

tdng da i ;

t inh

Ko n T u m cd 10 tdn g dai ;

t inh D ak L ak , Da k N dn g cd 23 tdn g da i ;

tinh Lam Ddng cd 50 tdng da i .

Mang thdng t in v ien thdng v f lng Tay

Ng uye n da dUdc ch uy en ddi t fl cdng ng he

c u s a n g c d n g n g h e t r u y e n

dan .sd

va

chuy en m ac h sd'. M a n g th u e bao da bude

dau phat t r ien , dUa cac d jch vu den gin

ngudi t ieu df lng . M a n g Ifld i d ien th oai cdng

cdng theo h inh thf lc dai ly

va

cac djch vu

bf lu chfnh v ien thdng da chu y phat t r ien .

Tuy vay, mang d ien thoai ndi bat 5

t inh Tay Nguyen mdi ch i pha t t r i en cac ho

ciia t h a n h (ibd , d c a c h u y e n ly va khu vUc

n d n g t h d n p h a t t r i e n r a t c h a m . H e t h d n g

chu yen m ach t dn g da i da dUdc ch uy en ddi

nh u ng th i eu d dng bd, chUa cd d ja d iem td i

Uu de da t tdn g dai , dUa va o dja die m cu la

ch i i ye'u . M an g t ru n g ke cho th u e bao

chu a dUdc quy ho ac h de p h a t t r i en ph fl

h d p .

Cdng nghe dd i mdi , ky thua t h ien da i

nhflng ddi ngfl chfla dao lao kjp. Chat

If ldng mang ludi v i e n t h d n g c a n dflde tieji

tu c d i u tu , md rdng . Mang cap no ha t va

m a n g t h u e b a o

chUa

p h a t t r ie n thfch f lng

vdi tdng dai .

Da cd 122 xa cd bflu cue, binh quan

kh o an g 34 ng hin da n cd 1 bflu cue vdi ban

k inh phuc vu khoang 21 km. Toan c f lng cd

t r en 400 xa cd d ien thoa i td i t rung t am xa

(ch iem 67% tdng sd 'x a ) .

Trong khi he thd 'ng bf lu chfnh dflde tda

d ja khap cac t inh Tay Nguyen tb i he

th dn g bUu chfnh ta i kh u vUe Ddn g Bac

C a m p u c h i a va Nam Lao cdn ra t sd sa i ,

m o t .sd xa cdn chua ed bUu dien, ty le ngUdi

dan ed dien thoai rat tha 'p va chu ye'u tap

t r un g d cac t ru ng t a m th j t r a n , do vay v iec

lien

lac cua d ja phUdn g ra t khd kh an .

4 . T h u y

lori

Vdi dac d iem la vf lng san xuat ndng

ngh iep nen he thdng th i iy ld i l a mot t rong

n h f l n g v a n d e d a n g q u a n t a m t r o n g p h a t

t r ien cd sd ha tang

ciia

vf lng tam giac phat

t r i en . Tuy g i f l va i t rd quan t rong t rong

s a n x u a t ,

.song

vi

d i u

tfl cho xay mdi va

duy tu sUa chfla he thd'ng thiiy ldi ddi hdi

ngudn vdn Idn nen t rong d ieu k ien ban

che cua minh be thd 'ng thiiy ldi ciia vflng

tam g iac jibat tr ien chfla dap f lng dflde

n h u c a u ciia s a n x u a t . T i n h t r a n g c h u n g

ciia h e thd 'ng thiiy ldi d da y la:

Cac cdng t r inh xay dUng th ieu ddng bd,

h o a c c h a t lUdng c h Ua d a m b a o . P h a n Idn

cae edng t r inh deu cd diu mdi h o a n c h i n h

nh i fng p h i n ke nh m Udng cdn dd dan g .

Viec xac djnh khu tudi, dien tfch tudi

chUa chuan dan den v iec xac d inh quy md

cdng t r inh th ieu ch inh xac va mot phin

khac do dac thf l

ciia

dja h inh ddng rdng.


9/11

4

Nghien cifu Dong Nam A

3/2010

dan cU thUa thd t, viec kha i ho ang , xay

dung ddng ruong cdn cham, khdng ddng

bo vdi xay diing cdng tr in h.

Trinh do quan ly va khai thac cdng

tr inh cdn ban che,

ehua

chfl trong den

cdng

t ie

duy tu, sua chfla cdng tr inh theo

djnh ky dan den cdng tr inh xudng cap

theo thdi gian,

Tai Tay Nguyen tf l sau ngay mien Nam

bean toan giai phdng, Nha nfldc da chu y

dau tfl pha t tr ie n thiiy ldi cho Tay Ng uyen .

Cflng vdi sU

diu

tU

ciia

cac dja phUdng, cac

tinh Tay Nguyen da xay diing

dUde

cac he

thd'ng thiiy Idi. Tfnh den

nam

2004 tren

dia ban 5 tin h Tay Ng uyen da cd hdn 937

cdng trinh thiiy ldi

Idn

nhd, dam bao tUdi

cho khoang 40 nghin ha Ifla ddng xuan,

khoang 70 nghin ha

Ifla

mfla va khoang

150 nghin ha ca phe (trong dd 60 nghin ha

tfldi

bing

cdng trinh, cdn lai tfldi bang hdm

khai thac ngudn nUde ngim).

Cac cdng trinh cd ban

dUde

xay dUng

theo quy hoach nhU: cdng tr inh Dak Nuy,

Dak Kam d t inh Kon Tum ; cdng tr inh

Bien Hd,

la

Koem , Ea Soup d tinh Gia

Lai; cdng tr inh Krdng Buk ha, Ea Soup, la

Kao, Budn Trac d t in h Dak Lak. Tuy

vay, dien tfch tudi

chii

dong ciia cac cdng

tr in h thiiy Idi da t tha 'p, dUdi 51 % vdi d ien

tfch thiet

ke

ban dau ,

chii

yeu do

cic

nguyen nhan sau:

Tai vflng Ddng Bic Campuchia , thi iy

ldi da gdp

phin

phat tr ien san xuat ndng

nghiep trong vflng, da tao ra mot

khdi

Ifldng san phong phfl va da dang nhu': lua,

ngd, khoai,san, che , dieu, cao su, ca phe,

dau tam Han g

nam

cho mot

khdi

Ifldng

dang ke, dam bad ddi .sd ng nh an dan t rong

vflng va ddng gdp cho xua't khau.

Ba

tinh

Ddng bac Campuchia t rong

tam giac phat tr ien Viet Nam - Lao -

Campuchia vd i nen k inh

te

ndng nghiep

trdng Ifla va nfldng ray la chfnh. Ndng

nghiep trdng

Ifla

chii ye'u phai dfla vao

thiiy ldi. khu vflc nay cd ldi the ve dieu

kien de xay dflng he thd'ng tfldi tieu do dja

binh tu nhien mang la i , tuy nhien cac

cdng tr in h thiiy ldi d day da dUdc xay dUng

lau nam va khdng dUdc thUdng xuyen tu

siia

nen phan Idn da xuo'ng cap, cac cdng

tr i nh xay mdi khdng n hie u va nhd le. Do

vay nhin chung he thd'ng thiiy ldi d khu

vflc nay khdng dam bao cho cac hoat dong

san xuat ndng nghiep trong vf lng khien

cho dieu kien san xuat ciia ngUdi dan gap

nhieu khd khan va phu thuoc

Idn

vao dieu

kien thdi tiet

tii

nhien .

Toan

tinh

Stung Treng cd khoang 25

cdng tr inh thiiy ldi Idn nhd cd cdng sua't

thiet ke de cung cap cho hdn 5.500ha da't

trdng Ifla trong dd cd khoang 4.500ha la

da't trdng Ifla nfldc va l.OOOha dat nfldng

ray

Tinh R att an ak ir i cd 58 cdng tr inh thiiy

ldi

Idn

nhd cd cd cdng sua't thie't ke decung

ca'p nUdc cho gan T.OOOha. trong dd cd

khoang 6.000ha la da't trdng lua nfldc va

l.OOOha da't nfldng ray

Tinh R at ta na ki r i cd 18 cdng tr i nh thiiy

ldi

Idn

nhd cd cd cdng sua't thie't ke decung

ca'p nUdc cho gan

S.OOOha.

trong dd cd

khoang 3.000ha la da' t trdng

Ifla

nfldc va

l.OOOha da't nUdng

ray '''.

Tr on g kh i dd, cac cdng tri n h thiiy ldi d

3 tinh N am Lao ch u yeu la dap nUdc da

dUdc xay diing lau

nam

khdng dUdc

.siia


10/11


11/11

4

Nghien cifu Dong Nam A 312010

2.

Xem TS. Trifdng Duy Hda, Quan diem va ldi

the cua Lao trong xay dUng tam giac phat

trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia, Hoi thao

khoa hoc Pha t trien vung tam giac ph at

trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia: Nhflng

van de da t ra Ha Noi, T4/2 009.

3.

Theo TS. Vu Cong Quy. ThUc tra ng kinh te

xa hoi 3

tinh

ddng bac Campuchia va 3

tinh nam lao trong tam giac phat tr ien

Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia, Hoi thao

khoa hoc Ph at tr ien vun g tam giac phat

t r i en V ie t Nam - Lao - Campuch ia :

Nhflng va n de da t ra Ha Noi, T4/2 009 .

4. Xem TS. Trifdng Duy Hda, Quan diem va ldi

the cua Lao trong xay

dUng

tam giac phat

trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia, Hoi thao

kho a hoc Ph at trie n vflng ta m giac ph at

trie'n Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia: Nhflng

van de da t ra Ha Noi, T4/2009.

5. Theo TS. Vu Cdng Quy, Thuc t ra ng k inh te

xa hoi 3 t inh ddng bac Campuchia va 3

tinh nam lao trong tam giac phat tr ie 'n

Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia, Hoi thao

khoa hoc Ph at tri en viing tam giac phat

t r ien Viet Nam - Lao -

C a m i u i c h i a :

Nhflng van de da t ra Ha Noi, T4/2 009.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Ban

hcJ])

t;ic hao va Campuchia , Song

kien hinh thdnh tam gidc phdt trien Viet

Nam - Ldo - Campuchia,

Ha Ndi, 2007.

2.

Bdo cdo ket qud cupe hpp cdp chuyen vien Uy

ban dieu phdi chung lan thU nhdt khu vUc

tam gidc phdt trien Viet Nam • Ldo -

Campuchia, Pleiku 17-18 tha ng 5 nam 2007.

3.

Bo Ke hoach vd Ddu

tU

De dn ve vice td

chUc Hpi nghi xdc tieh dd u tii khu vUc

Tam gidc phdt trien, Kon Tum, ngdy 12 -

16/3/2007.

4. Bp Ke hoach vd Ddu

tU

Dif thao bdo cdo ue

hdp tdc kinh te(Tai cupc hop SOM lan thU

3 CUOC gap Thu tUdng ba nu'dc ngdy

18.7.2004, Xiem Riep, Campu chia)

5.

Bp ke hoach vd Dau

tU

Vien chie'n lUpc phdt

trien,

Bdo cdo ui Quy hoach td'ng the khu

vifc bien gidi ba nUdc Viet Nam - Ldo -

Campu chia (Tam gidc phdt trien Viet Nam -

Ldo • Camp uchia) , Hd Ndi, 6/ 2004.

6. Bp Ke hoach Ddu

tU

Quy hoach tdng the

phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi Tam gidc phdt

trien Viet Nam - Ldo - Campu chia, Hd

Ndi, thdng 8 ndm 2004

7. Bo Ngoai giao - Vu kinh te da phiidng Viet

Nam hpi nhap kinh te trong xu the todn

cdn hda, vdn de vd gidi phdp, Nhd xudt

bdn Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2002

8. Cue Ddu tu nifdc ngodi (Bp Ke hoach vd

Ddu tu Viet Nam), Tdng quan chinh sach

vd thu tuc thu hut ddu tU cua Viet Nam

Vdo khu vUc Tam gidc phdt trien ba nifdc

Campu chia - Ldo - Viet Nam, Kon Tum,

ngdy 19-21 thdng 4 ndm 2007.

9.

Cue tho'ng ke tinh Ddc Ldc, nien giam

thd'ng ke 2007, thdng 5/2008

10.

Cue thd'ng ke tinh Ddc Ndng, nien giam

thdng ke 2007, thdng 5/2008

11. Cue thdng ke tinh Gia Lai, niC-n giam

thdng ke 2007, thdng 6/ 2008

12.

Cue thdng ke tinh Kon Tu m, nien giam

thdng ke 2007, 2008

13. Le Thdng, Dia ly cdc tinh vd thdnh phd

Viet Nam. tap 4, NXB Gido due, 2005

14.

Nhdm qui hoach tam gidc phdt trien, Bdo

cdo ve tien dp vd ndi dung cO bdn cua dit

thao qui hoach tdng the Tam gidc phdt

trien Viet Nam • Ldo - Camp uchia (Cudc

hpp cdp chuyen vien xdy diing Tam gidc

phdt trien, Xiem Riep 7/2004), Hd Ndi,

ngdy 15 thdng 7 ndm 2004

15. PGS.TS. Pham Hao, Mot .^dgidi phdp gop

phdn dn dinh vd phdt trien d Tay Nguyen

hien nay, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia, 2007

16. Vien Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A. Di tdi cdp

bp NhU ng khia canh ddn toe, tdn gido, vdn

hoa trongtam giac phdt trien Viet Nam -

Ldo - Camp uchia, Hd Ndi, 2007.

Documents

Thực Trạng Phát Triển Cơ Sở Hạ Tầng ở Tam Giác Phát Triển Việt Nam - Lào -Campuchia