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4137501SHCJA{ : MAIOR : CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL ruSTICE,
M.A. (CRTMINOLOGY AND CRTMTNAL TSTrCE)
KEY WORDS : TAXI DRTVERS /PARTICIPATION IN CRIME PREVENTION
POL. LT. PAISAN THUMCHARATWONG : PARTICIPATION OF TAXI
DRIVERS IN CRIME PREVENTION, THESIS ADVISORS: NOP KANJANAGUNTI, 8.A.,
M.S., ruAN CHAISIJWAN,8.S., M.S., CHANKANIT K. SURIYAMANEE,8.A., M.A.,93 P.
ISBN 974-665-829-8
The objectives of this research are to study the participation of taxi drivers in crime
prevention. Personal factors, social factors and environmental factors, which relate to
participation in crime prevention and the problems and obstacles which discourage participation
in crime prevention were examined. The sample group was 334 taxi drivers. The data were
collected though questionnaires.
The research result reveals that the level of participation of taxi drivers in crime
prevention was high. Personal factors found to be significantly related (p<0.01) to participation
were taxi driversn experience of being a crime victim and age. Social and environmental factors
that had an influence on crime were found to be correlated with participation in crime
prevention at 0.01 statistical significance.
Based on the study, it is suggested that police should seek cooperation from taxi
drivers in crime prevention. This will help acknowledge the importance of the crime problem
and develop methods of crime prevention. Taxi drivers should be persuaded to cooperate more
with police in crime prevention. The result should be more effective crime prevention.
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rflur,rdn nrirado rindsnruivrurfirjurflu'jr orutulflT:ilriruluqjrnnrornd'rn4elynrdrnruuas
lnnra r::roiarsd YlllYt',ltJ?rr8rn:ttj / l2
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il:ynr: 6o tfieornaru4Enrulu rravd'ufiERluuofl
drtilEnrutu uunoonldtfluatrmotrvrxfirivrsr (fi':nrunril) rrnsdtn4Eytrsietinur
(o^sr1o)
htdr qfl1n49tR1UUOn ItUROOn tnlilUd1[149tyt1':d{nilq
rlrAol#drusionr:r{rtn rinorrrgrivruiill{ncjilfiuil{dlrl4elnrutuunsarrilEnluiloR
oonrflu 3 GYlrrel do
1. drlfi Evrl{fi?fr1uRlvl (fl ofiovrr.rdrsnru)
2. artrr;m xo^orivr ur (fl o ffuvr rso^o1o)
3. ar rn r; m r r d.: n il (fl r iluyt r.Q n i o u n i?ua u dn lyt [ [?a do il )
rinorwqtinsrrirulrqjirn:rvrf'h fihiarnaqrfiurarruo;rdsridrirh{rfinorrrgr
n::illd dororffsarruqd:rutiu ororflu z:J:vnr: v6oE il:ynr: udrusin:fi
rrnnr:dns1d'u?r Eiro{orrqrn::rutuusiaydrufi arrur:ofi osuaoql#r#uo'rrrdon
Iuruurnrr:rfiorfiurfiudrn4Eqfo{orscgrnr:ilRrutdnr:dnulrsiasertrr{rdruriu nrrfindu99
fl o{ o 1 ssglR : :ru #ufi o r :arr ldd'r fi 6o (e: ros fium :fl:, 2522 : 5 I -53)
- I a _ _ _q I v , qy 4 s a I dl. n1ilt15Bfl tut[.:fl0{l9l?qnna Rlu tgtn1:flnu'llJo{ufl?s1R1:rn'tudl vtrufloro
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im u r n r un rn : r ru sr a o n ds n r r ru'hi ar ru r s n r o{ q n n a fi n v rJ irL sTaro s uhtir fi s uas doil ua s us {r
@uAp.tanquflo{:{nnavtnRatloov:J:vnouolsqrn:5il dsrfluarnnr:flnurnrldrudlnrufisr?vrur
2. drfinr:anluurirornrjruqnna fiornaqrJld'h d'ufiEflo,{o1srglR::rurfu Ins,Aoi
riaurfittnoflutrnnr:tren?rildrilr:ofiovsiodrusionr:nqdulunr:n:sfirfio d.rqnriruun
Inurnrrntornrjru rsiu nr:tduuur:-rn:rrudrurfruf,n'uqnnaoir.rl luudclornr:r€uuf d.:rfluAvv 4 I il v vp{nm t9 01RR1:flfl ulFrlUdRlT'tU?qA0ilyt'l{d{nil[rac?9Iu5::tJ
uilcnn':ilulng !il'l?yto'ta0il?tna dn.n. (oluqtin01uac{1uqel'frr1|) / l3
3. d'r fi n r : ar r l u ud r o.r : s r-r u ds n ru udr o r o n ri r e'[d'j r n ] : rfl^a fl o.r u'r vry r n r r u rfu^r^-..4-.^-.--...--.d-.^-r- d st v Iuoillfiu?Y'luilagfluoHnudo1un15ila'1.$d'l vtl{dR11tt[?a6oilvt1.:a9Iu5::u dn'tugltaysufu
m1{d{nil{o{qnna fitvrflurndorriruunnrrruIrlrur6urlunl:n:yfilfisr dqflue,radldiuoro
n lt flnu lvrlr dsnru uasimur::tl6ndau
6l r jo ct9 I"[u r : : er r ar nr q oi r I 1 fr ri r hfq n n a il : v no lo tsEUlR : : il fl o 6'ervr t.: dlnil uau
frttt'lprf;oru ril'jrftdvrfivraoioruqudurR rvr:rv0vrioul duuirrlq.ruoirdnuorsinlo or:ruoiunv
fraunfidluasxoonrurlugrlto.:qnn^flnru (personaliry) 1#fiuur}lruhJorrunqrnarq{{osdrnil
n6orlltflud.rnru oudr:vdurirl:Jqfnr::J:sRolrolsrurn::uTddru drnrnfiflnf,r,lonrauny
enrunr:nfdru:u
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nr:hflnrtruililruuiodt'ilrrinnrrilclo.rr{r'jr "nr:flottiuolsrgrn:5il. riu riol#rfio
nrrrudueurtnvoarruqjruln?Iodiln?r niodr*t',cdrdr6'on:rruto,rnt#udavvirursunneirlfiu
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u'il r u ru fr rurnvuo1 rTil'f, ru rucJos {hirir d rfinnlrudlncir:fu dr ovrfi u'ldo1ndl
'fi r tio n e r ru t o r ri t d r n r : fl o c riu o r rcy r n: : ru tu d r : r orvqriil urfi rfi ua{os nr : fl o.: fiu orrqrn::ruInun:lrnre,rriil r'liu frmrtoftrnudunvrn:ryfi (suttrerland and Cressey) loirg In0l,zs+z;
'ldl#nerruril'luq,o{R1:flosfiuorrryrn::ru'ir "n?'nlvru'rurrufinsatinr{uri'rrvrrirfil#orrqr
R::rutn^odu' luqlatvfinr:rJfrgrJudlr ruudl nl:nen1:R:sfirfisrd'r,, riaur$nraa (Reckless)
t#netrururu{otnr:flortiuoruqrn::rurn^srduturaryfinr:udlr ililrufic nr:annr:n:yrir
fi'o'frrao.: riau grfi :vr o ourifru (Hubert Johnson) ruo vi rnr :fl or tiuorrqrn::ruosdorn:ou
nqrunolnr:flosfiunr:n:vdrnatrufiouird.u Isrelflunnru*u',u'lufiorrirh?flqurdAohi,fird,
n^t#rfisrdu luctilvfi irduuuud (whiseand) nururilodrrfufiovudnrdurh?nerilfluulunr:
floltiuotstulR::il Iourfiutusf nrf r:drnr:florfiuorsrgrn::rurflufion::rud.rrfiordulu
rl:u:J?urtt:gfir::ruttnvTilsu unvfriuorJiu6n'irflrynriiA'rArUiiqrcrotilfsdocrotrrrfi6o-!^---.d-.-- rl-+- -- g-,y t--4-. -r-^--, a r I r aiRl:gloiln'lo'uJvl?]os t:nonl:ljo{nuo'rs€Urfl::il eNuu ilnorrtgr-nUlil't{nu rsiu rov,lMofr
(Jeffery) ldri'ubJldritd'l "Rl:rt?uqilo'rsrg1n::il" uvru lucrfl{vfifinorvqr?nurrarunufii
1d1#r{r 6 rfi'qnrrru'l{rn u
lncra n::lnie'nd llult?u?:58tRttI / l4
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ovrdudr dntrofunupi unctn:vfi 16'1#orrilfiilruiro{flr:florfruorsrgrn::il1iln?'uJnilru
oeirsttnu Iout#rrurufi{ "nluJv{sturrulunr:dosarTsrriurimnrhfil#orrqrn::rurfierdu. flir
tiu a'lunr:flosn'unr:n:sfirru'nfiriuhio^o'irrilunr:floqtYuorsq'rn5:il usirflunr:ur{'h
flcgnrorrrglRs:ru do,,u.nr'tufinor'rnrirraonndorfiur$nraafifio'h ..nr:fl0r6'uolsqrnr:il
-df--^^--- -s--4- q a o i 4 qrilunr:n:srirrfiougnffrnr:rR^oorwrg'rf'r::ru" luruilcfr ooriudu ruoqnr:florfiuorrrgrn::ru
lun:rrunruruodxn{rs du.rrurufr.rnr:n:vdr1o1 firflunr:aon6ofiudrorrcgrn::rufi1#rfioa o" rr^ d 3 A 4 il u e '
il50il=h{rfrncl-u'fr ds:rru6snr:flortiunr:n:vrirnsrfrrionr:ud'hfln:vrirfiorl#ndusYalxi
ldn:srirru^ooi 6'ru
4---- -24- !, .N e | 3 - atrlOn?1il?{u',lulto{R1:iJ0{nuolsEUln:Tilrln?lill4rurUrnrUUUrEiUil tlnOrrqrTnuri.g-.-.^s__-.d_-_rr-.,,_24' y,, i r a - t dvl[{uua'l:'llRU?nilfl1:flo{rnuols€U1n::illJ'l{vlrx{ t.liu u-1ruu (Newman) rtayfl1xiilruoj
(Pahner) 6{il6nrdutfiovtdr{r'firfionrrilcJo'rr{r'ir nr:florfiuorrrgrn::rJ luflarsd ror,hdo#lr 6 '
tagdc-Y.-{-.+ | u et v(Jeftery) tas tutflUn{n?'llJt[9lRo1{flOilf'l'l5n?Uqilo1Sqln:tilRilntsf,ornuorrrgrfl::ilrtVnJ
Iourodrvlof€ tadtra',uiuAssTeuurtunrrn?ilqilorsqrn5:il : deuuu fio druunr:riru{-JvUudq d'rttuufltsou:tJltdolt unv6'ruurnr:florfiuorrqrn::ilIeudnrnu?odoilrlnynr:rJY:r
r'lrlst^fl:ttt rodrvlofi 6o'jrfrrurLrlunr:nruqilo1scg1n::ruuurLriru{fiudr unvdruuunr:
ou:ruttfflt hildnr:fl slfiuorrqrn::ruusirfl unt5n?uEtJots6gln:;il nufl olfruo'l:rqlR::rJ.ei-.^Y^e,-- t)- 4r o i 4 et av - !ytttyt 0:{0ugtoiltilua?tnJuytcftilcr{ fl eoolriiinuatv dlu
I ) r v do.: i'sr ri r du ri o u o r rqr n : : il 0 s rfi q lilleifi frr 0 1 R o1fl €u 1 n : : ru rfi n du udr
2) o s do qrlu fi n r : n :I q ru In un : r oi on q sr^fl : : ru hi t.lin r: n au q ru n r s don
3 ) o y do,r uiu fi dn l?t u? a do ru ft o r rqr n : : ru o y rfi o tri lEid 6':o rrql n :4) oy doufl unr: ldafl ivr ulnr:tunr:ofi uruvlqfin: 5il01$6U1R5
s) n vrfl u nr :fl oq rTu fi rfi urirlddrur.?o uuavfi il :sfi nfi n rnrurnR'irnr:nsIilsilfo
nr:udhnufitn'rfit
ornnr:1#n?ril?rru1ulrornr:flor6'uolsrulR:5ild'{ncirec,ssrovlrdo# osrfiu'ld.jr
rflunt:1d'n?1ilfiu'lutornr:florriuorssurR::rJlunarrurruruodrurnu Isru'lil:rilnr:il:ru:J:rru uasnr:udlt{n:cfi rfiorfl unr:fl otrTuorrqrn::rud':u usi6o,irfion::runr:il:ru:J:rru
ttarnr:ufih{n:rrirr.l^rrrflunr:nuqilolsqrn::ru odr.r'l:finru frifin,t'rul,rururillunlrfi.,
llBrcvt9t?n g1a0 u?t]'tn u1a0tJfi aa dn.!. (o1ilq1inutuas{ruqn'frril) / l5
r6nrnruilru ilqr.rrfiorrrururd
fia'ir odrtl:6.rosriun'jrnr:flortiuorrrgrn::u rfiurfiurdo.rdnr:l#naruururufiunnsiNfi'u9.
cJordr?T{aoroejrrtfluuxnr:orrfinr:orr'ldornnr:tdnrruHilru{osdlre,fl5su?uR1:qai'r::ru
ttdtnqsu^:uofn (New York State DMsion of Criminal Justice services) dl:vq'ir "n?uflru.
u ru r sfrs n'on:::tsittt (fitaru fl os gos d'srfiu) fi d.r n iln oilauotsionr:n:srirfiofi rfi r,olcu
..--,,11' ,9' -- i tl, q-e ou j - C o - ^ 3 6"f]'l5lloilnu" tRU?'iloitRlJfl0ft::u10{tT.{nilqt{0qfl'ui1flan1:tRo{uflo{ilflgl=n::ilo1s6u1n:
Iost{run:n[letr{tflll?lJRr:mrqdrnil 6srinurunvanrunr:alsirq d.r16odr0sdriudquh?rfio
o'trsgtn::il ttaslounr:afuaqun:rutuo''tdoriol#rfinvrqst^n::illunr:ilfrrior'orrrungilillu4 | 6l I s r d9/ ll I o q r, ,t q 4 , rqlililou?10'lRR'l: tiln?lililil184,$nn1? nu{ltJfi1lfir:1cY'uJ1:nriirl0d'.:nrrilttflngirtodrs
dorouoqi6 fnottcgtivrurcrorlilu niu rl:vfu rfluruarurg:ai ldldrirdr nr:florfruolsqrn:rilsodqnunlrn?uqilo1rysu]nr:il tun?1il14rJ1u[9u?nu
rfi ur fiirdosdnr:fl os f,uorstulR: :lJ 14 ilrun's n?1ilvrululililfonr:rni uilnrrilio
f,tl dr n r : n: v ri r n^o fi trflrfi r, du,, * r fi n 1 : n ?url ilo 1s€ur n : :il il ilrudr n r: r{r'hJrfi ua{oqfiu
oleqlnt:ilnrsudsornfiorurgrn::rutdrfirrduud: 6'rrfu srucrosdr:eolxodx rqiu {ruaru
st::tn$olruflnorfivlrdRuavru'r?srJ o*.:qnfrorlrrflururn:nr:lunr:florfiu lurorsdnr:fiuqru
dua:urflunr:n?ilrlu odrtt:fisrrru {oldudrororfinduld'irodrsl:6sosrEun.irldrflunr:ol Arlndtoqnsuvl'lflouolsqln:;il uSoodx'[:tilunt:n:vvrrra,{oltrgln::rurfiordurrda drodruEiu nr:
'firqn{dorlmsu6onr:frtLqru{n:vrirru^or oroffsr'ld'jrrflunr:n:sfirrnfriornfiffn:srirfiqdu6n
firrirfiurflunr:flo.:fiuorrqrn:::rl#rfiprduluournnreiufru nrira6nriuudr rflunrdneur
usifirt#iliilror1,o{orsrurn::ruoqilunrrvfifrnnr:'ld 16ofinnn:sfirsiofi{nlrloufiqo
z.z.ttrutil"nqnfi rfi urffunr:fl osffuoruqrn::ruf neffia'lrl
nr: fl or tiuriurfl uru::niG (Means) lu n r:n orfl qfl rolstuln: :ru f,raerilrgurn?'nJ
flotfiuorryqrn::rulun:rrurruruodxn{rsfiuro{ n?'nJusrfloiNdrrvoqjfi'ir nr:floqfiun?ulu
,duonuoo'rrcJffoil6oannr:rfioorrq'rR::rJ drunr:n:uqrurflurdo.rfirfiororvrgrnrrudu,,d.
il r r s n d'rsi o il rgr r orrqt n : : il (Fear of crime) t o r :J : s ryr ryu ldd {i qn?6 vt d.r
lnora r:rrnia'Nd nufl'lu?r5gtnt5r| / l6
olRltu?fi?1ilfieilol Brantingham tlou Faust luil tgZO Leavell tlds Clark luil tgOS
,runio shan uns notn lufl rgza ldnrirrlidr nr:florfiuflryflro1sqmr:il d1il't:6trir'ldart
rru?m1{d?uriu ndrq rilnr:florrTul:nrioqrnrilro{rnilr:r nr:florfiurdu'irdfifio nr:
fl oltiulucfu[:n (Primaxy prevention) nr:fl oldulurrurfi cuo (Secondary prevention) unv
quainurqtnril:'rqnrut#gnqrourriu lflurdril#rfiarn:arqufluffhi'r{ruuvfr nr:flosfiu
lu,fuiiauq donr:flotfiufiuonrnfioornnr:flortiufidrnrur6oigldn:vriroqiudrlunarrfu
rravuoR0'rnrfuordoujrnrrruaulnTrJiiffdhuueiau:1u ,run{.ruo'',unr:afcrsrl:odrJ:rngl#
rrXursiufrrrjrtfluornr:cJesI:nfirfi'qduudr :rul:Jdsnr:n:ror{uuraruryor'grucJo{I:nlureiac
I:n unsosdorfi:suurn6urunr:lunr:fl:mdur,rrartrfigruto.:I:ndrnrilufluodNdd:u nr:
flosriulu#ufidrrun^s nr:florfiulurirufiruduo,o,fuiindouar,iuficordo nr:flortiuorn{
rJasdrfluI:nfidprrnuuriuouudr u6ooroovnrim6nriuiluardrrflunr:rduaurinurfrihul#nru
trsrldhflrflul:n6nfuros nr:flotfiuflrUfirorsrurn::rufirciu16u'rriu a',u',rofiorrirg:Juu:r
un v?f; n r : fl o c fiu I : n t u m'r { R'r r u}r vr riru r 1 dfirL n r : fl o s riu 6'q n a r r dT d'
0'1flllu?n?1ilfinclol Brantingham ttdu Faust lufl Wq ldnrirrl{'jr g:Jululunu
floltiuflrgrlotsrgln::ulu,fudfirnarog:Juru lufidosururudr Environmentat design,
Neiighborhood watch, General deference, Private securely tlnv Education about crime and crime
prevention
Environmental design t4ilruds rmnfinrii.:1 lunr:flolriuiltgrrorrqrn::ru rflr
llu'lulo{svtnfinrucirdfirnaor4rtr?ffn:vrirn^ntdu,o8odu (Prevention techniques dim at making
crime were deflation for the offender) uuoolo#udluilru:rildl nr:rflr:vurn:vft1#fitr
rJ:vrrru{ogjor#u (surveillance casper for reddest) n'l:d91{n?tufdnrJaoorfiulufiinuas
vrintlfiutor:J:vsrsul#ttuduaruoon1rJrurn0.rdu {re"fir,gs of safety were widespread) n'15
rrtrtnulunr:rJqna$rtornr:fioqjotfruld'drueionr:ruosuXu (The use Budding plans
conductive to visibility) n',rfirdouarc'jrsl#rfru{nouasRt:fir,dlurlunr:6onrJ:vql#u{,ru:r
nr:fl olfruturiufi arru (Tertiary prevention)
n r : fl o r fiu I : n l u rfu r,: n rfu du n r : hi'5n fi u fl o r rTu I : n : a l vir n r : l#ri r uu s d r n r :
risqn'sfTns.td'r rmrTnord'olfrnn an.l. loruqrinaruavrrugfirrlu) t t7
funs (tte addition liehts and locks) unvnr:firtniorrillua{uuvri}rdfiurssnuro.:rilaodrusio
R15[[URltUgttng0n6l (The making of property for case of identification fall within the realm of
environmental design)
Neighborhood watches and citizen patrol iltJlufr{ nt:tfl1:gll?g:gi{nagnt:frod1u.d ct A ! 4- - A d Aa
95?0flO.:[]IOUU'llJ [V'lOOOfl9tr?0rtOUnOUdOAdO{lqltA9r{flU[[Oenu [?rloltjiln'l:tTtil{an?]il
d 1 il 1 : n fl o { qil su l#rd u.r si o fr'u o 1 sEU 1 n : r il 1 #a Er #o u o o o a c
Education about crime and crime prevention oill ttdrn^0n::ilgi1{dl llo.t{luqa- ----& -- J | ! i y o s v qt
" J g ilr:5tJvn{ro'r€u'rvr{ila1uvr{ru?{uorJrflu?110{nuR'l:lJo{nuil€ul.t1o1sq1n::il tuflurr:n14{ilu
odrrrsiu fion::ruro.:rffrr#rfidr:?o nl:il:lngrhroudrrrhfidr:ro fl iileidildrtjorurirl#
:J:sryrsuann?rilil?raflfrrorrtyrn::run.r'hJlusTrdru vntdruflauas{1u:rryrf,ardHreiurds'r
riu f,1auau5'rsri'nrq{rieu1#frn:vrirfior 1d'asruiudrn?rilrfiu{eionr:n:vdrr'loroirerlrro.uyrail3 C , let ,i 9 v , ' e e
u n f, u 1 r?o s ru ri fi d? u ua rfl u ? fl o { n il n I : il o r riu t u du r t: n vil a^u
I u J aoq j I v ,I o
a r u fg u r a riu fi fi a'l u rfr u e { o c ri:J n r : fl o q fiu tu ciu u: n rfi fi o u fi il ? u{ I u grr r : :ru
dur fio firirusiaut#{orynfiuvlo?srfisrrYunrrruqilu:{riro{olr6g1R::il tuflnqriudilriauqru2'
tJot^n::ruoirl1 tser:{r{rfl?uEtJrrnuuri'lr duirl#rJ:vryrryuvir'lilarilr:neloilf:Jn?lil0ic6'uff
ld fi rfl u nr:ru ortiu6nudruar
ttnvturirutoir Private security rfu 6ficirurfiurrlorfiunr:flolfiuluciuu:nrufiou
tiu 6o ficfrurfiuadorlu;rJtornr:driildUurafofirirueiruru6ouriru{ruqArriruflr{ror€Ult14qrevl .aat{dl out{tljlJilt{n15 tuf't'l:lJufl?iluacuiltJ,$n't:Riytitn?tilflftlto,to'lsq1n:
n r : fl o r fiu fl 6U il'r o r sq r n : : ru 1 u rdo r du nf u riu,,, n,fr u rrio r firt :J : v rd u fl q u r n rr
dlnruodrln{rtt'lr.t d.rrJ:vtduilqyrlurirdtiorurfiurclo.:ri'ililrgnrorrqrR:rrJunsflqor^n::rud!!gvvt,i!,tretvtiiultiluodr{ttillJou nt:flosfluilrur4rlr46i1frilr{nf{60{fl0stiumrrdsnil (Social prevention)
fion::rnr:florfiuvn.:dqnruntrird lduri nr:ufiilcgurnr:'i'r{.:ril nr:urlfltgvr rR1:fl'rsrn'r:4---- ,- 2tert !, q , 3, a c,h 04 aflf]u'l R1:ttRlJiufiln?lilurnnu uofl0'rfluufl0fl:5utfia'luu{?,tu'lu5?tJEI{n1:trfl11iJtuil1ilqd
n::ilrdu{tuu Iqur#uhJfiartrqnr:rfr'nnqfin::rudrnrirr drfinarfirtri'ilsU14rors€U1ni5iluns
lngra r::rurf,arqd ltuyt?u?t:etRttu / l8
n?1il?r?roRd:siofl qrrolsqrn: : ilnn#osaounwrillilfi ?er edrrl:ff 6 nr:fl osfiufl qnrq! : do'lssg1n55illucTuu:nfr uon0'rR0vrilunr:lrururrufiosudnrduwq6n::ilriiu{ruuunsnqa
n5:ilo'lsryrn::rudrnri''.drrde n'l:sr'Erst'lr,nqor'n::ruo'rnrill:eruvirnr:ornrfl u{rfiurru(victimization) oroosrfl unuo',ondrfi nnnnrun:rondrsiofl qilrors€Um::larld
nr:fl o.:ti'uluqfufi aor (secondary prevention)
0tr]uil?n?1runnrol Brantingham uou Faust lutl tgzo ldnriral{'jr nr:flolfiulu2t9t d 4 --.--.d--..t!-c-4--o?--. .q o a tl c a I A1lJu filJltjo{ fl'1514u'lu'llJvl0sttl ton{lflRURrTt lunr:n:silrnintol{n:yfirn=n $danururrufrns
..^^-^..--^--4- *_.&_^_____.-r-_o^-J__- -_4___^-^,_^rt-g4__-_._--4--l- ____e{_,s q g : 4ttn:nlt!r{u5ou1JU{R1:n:svtltlauual fitoo1flna1?lottnuuilu-lir nr:florriulucIufrilil1u0-.1
n?'lild'lilltnroldtnilttaun:sr?unr:96r::rutunr:fiovriruuoil:vrduflrgnr trasfl't:n.lg
nvturfodruruflqutfirfluoqilutrnr#u'jr 'ldqndo.:uavuriuthrurnrloenfiuqlqfuro,r rv1:rs
R't:t{'ltrfl:nrtwsilrgmrtfln:sr[rfinriuld rf'rulrqjuro'ron'rrdldnrnnsrur$oriruruflqilrt.rrisgoaJdrvn?Hn:sytln9uudl rljufl an
oirl udagrJuurtunr:florfiulu,irtdauodfido grJulufir$rn.jr nr:rlorfruorn
anrunt:aifirfluoillunardu (situational prevention) nr:flosfiudsnriradfin*o nl:dtililelrJ:vrfiuilqu r (Identi&) l#un tatnf ouiudsrdu (Micro level) udrr{rdrnr:uvtrnuryludlc,
fl q r'r r riu l l#ldr.rn g :J ur u tu n r : fl o r tiu dr o ri'nd o c fi ur{o { fiun r : nl6 uu uila q rdoh an ry{
rtretdoilmrsflturllvlflo{qilsu nt:til6uuurJn.rurTlu^rqfin::rurolnuluqruru nr:rJiurJEurd
lzu:cuilRr:n5?0et:'ldonriotluqruril (surveillance) :arul:Jnolnr:r:Jde,uurjnqrdlc,firnr:ud
d r rirg d u l fi rfi u r {o r riu t6o r ddr 0 fi o n : : ru du u uo r fi riu'i r,i r riry ua v fi n r r ru firu r{u do d x uu lt .r ..-.-.y-, I q q 4 4 j^ 4 ^ iai a rrluuilauiln?1ilrflil'ludrununr:rlolriuluciuilrurnfrqo do fron::rufrfrfror3un,jr ..d1:?0
qlJSU " (Community policing)
d n z oqu vu (community poricing) i6 nr: fi ri un'h dr:roqrunufi',fl uef; or:fi doq
orfruErurut{rrurdarurrfioltilrgntiulnuns{r lournntynr:orfrsrfiourhu Neiehborhood) r{.r
rurudltilrgrrd.:nrirr oronrir':ld'iri6nr:fir€un'h rfir::nqunudrfluaf;zuasu.rrurv#unr:flor
riu ilqr,norrrgrn:: ru lu,ir ii ou o du r n fi qe o?r1 u#an r: fl on dufl rgr.r rorrcgrn:: rulu rfufi
uuodtduunrderuu:ru:6nr:1unr:flo.rriuluciufifldu,rarue6nr:drstTu usinr:flo{riulu,fu
dfifir?utttosir{'lilnrnnr:florfruluoiu{indorrofi'j', nr:flosfiuluciufiasqflunr:{lortiu
lJBt.tlgt',ln01au x?,t1'lnglasuuna dn.!. (o11q1in0'ilae{1ugn'!r5!) / l9
0lndnrr{fltgfi'ro'rssgrns:rufirJ:rnql#uXuodtfntruud'r ud:6rwursuu{rdrrfiunr:udtqr'flrgr,rrdsnri',rrfur
usinr:fl0{ri'uluriuiindoerilr:nflsqdu16'si{ueianrurorilcgrrfthirfinaflu
d a aao 9f e o iJ.r aart, o ad 4 r
frn rlytr il roqnS ?r tuRl:lJ o{rnil tilvrlJildo{?t0 ?unu ?rlr:Rt:uR?1 Specific
deterrence i6fi ao.rr6undt In"upu.itation
specific deterrence u6oor o ovt3 unld'irtflu nr:riru{ fu ft rfl u n: du^tflu r urufi IA 9A v YiUrrr o a h rq 9, o 6 6t I A
fi ?'ttJ vt u'l u'l il n 0 u u o { R u 9JT [a n : e m 1 fl 9'r trJ til n : v vt l n a tu g ll ulj u ou dl
ritu to"apu"itation u6ooroovtiun'irtfl unr:aen?1ildrilrro{o{{n:cfi rfio#u rflu
n r : fl o.r tiu il Eu 14 1 o r sru 1 n : : ru fi l#rfi q du il r 6 n 1 u o u t n n {r t fi d1 lor uo rdun r : n :r q ru ffn: v ri r
fisrusiasnulueirqlndr.rruduflurdn ?f;nr:nruq*rtirflutiftnriuundnaruuavrfluf:tomdn
cJosnr:aofiafl?'uJdrtJl:ntorfrn:vrirn'ofifi0 nr:tinrTt (Incarceration) dsrflui6nr:fiasfiofiu
nr:n:vdrruorrornn:vrirfi nfihfln:srirfinduru16nluEirstrnrduriuouEirsmdr
rfru?f;nr:n',totuqudrl flo{ Incapacitatior, 6n^o i6nr:firie,n'ir Intensive
supervision t to u electronic monitoring dl {i f,u o v trj zu o n ri r rlu ii d
2.3 rrlr?R?rrufi srrfienfruvrqufi nr:fi daudarurord:snuulsrsfi'a'lrJ
nr:fi ci:udaufl unr:ilsnvdra::r{vrl{d{nil rTnfr rirurfi sr{o.rfriiloroRqnnauas
n rj ru q n n n Io sfi o s fi nr : rfi ul{o s m r q dr uisrl n ua s o r: il otEr or q nn n u ds tu cn r u n r : ainrj ru d':i I v t dr gat| o A t r J q J oq9
r{aflo{R'rrrflu?1o{o{rfl41?rljur?rqr:'l r?1n:vyl'lr}tolJ::qn?lil{{?1il'rulJo{nqiluu RUvt{yt1 n4
rfi ornrrrufdniufi nvorfiu nrj ru dro (friuni, zszt)
rfis:d uavanlsrtda (Pearse and Stiefel, 1979: 4-8) 1d1#nrrruurursdtnr:firieud:n
ro.:il:vsrryu nr:fi rfrudrruror:J:vs'rru 14rJrrrfir nr:fi fi n{ruil:yrrn:uiorurunr:doruutir dt tt I UrrA q q v r
:sucr:arfr0,irururrflu{o$aruon ldru-runarruaril1:oluR1:n?uepJ vrivrurn:uasda'rilusr1{dl
nrildR1?sd{nilfirfluogj
?nrood (Reader, 1974: 39)'ld1#nrr:rvrrurstornr:frcfrudril{orrj:vrrvut{'jraf f t d dt r t v J - A 3 o, ,
nr:frrfrudril fiilrrJfr{ nr:firi:udrruilvnvdrc::nnrsdrnrufrr:aruyr'rnr:frci:uiaruroqflrmndtt!
qnnattavR1::Jd?u5?ufl o{nEil
lnma rsrroiarrd nun?u?rr8tRrtlr / 20
qflonri gfi rruf; Qs26: z+) ldofirrul{'ir"cr:sdrrYrgrornr:fi riaudailcroril:yryrsuJ 4 4{ S -6t 9, I Utg I d ! | e 6 o A I a arlu Hilruo={ nlErilnIonral#:J:cmvuldr{rrurftrfrudaruiur.rasoil uJr:o{sn{dl ourJfln
n:syrilillfi{fi'1il:vmruro.r" fl'r:d0sfior:ulirrdorlnoyfie.rnn:uflu6{d?#u ",flup.,urJ'm1R
nr:rfiudordoqfiuturio{rlro{n?rildornr:unsfiqnrrruornr:nJf,uuuilnr rrnun?lilrfiufioq9 o J gt d ^ ^A s A taoa-- - do d - - J'9lo{Ruuu0uno{ilil'lnllo0lJtflflnl:5t5il lfl:{n'l:tTlofl'l:]Jailn" (o1R:ilTtur , 2522) a{uu
nr:finrrrursr^oogouunvfiflqrrdrrfiuuionr:dornr:lunr:ril6uuuiln{dril6'u 6srflurfoqii
riold'tn^onr:firirudrrurornurirub,rqj uavrfluruqnrnfil#nuriauluqjd'ru:Jfrrifinr:#u1s d 4 taqat A I s A o r I vtouo'l0rljiln'r5a{ilouailn9?uunnn?lTonqilnu taun:{ ?1:oo'l00vnruvt'lr..r'luo{nfl:fi?ttvtuAaAdrefrsrafrour.rfr{rilud'ruvrurirt#u::qdqnr:r:JduuurJa.rfidornr:fild ilon0mduudanrjrudrnru
fldflff,lrr:ilqfl Qs2s) ffi'ldrvlarur6rulun:rrrrururornr:firfruirru'l{'ir fiillud{ n1:d91{
rJ:vnr^rJ'lnududrurouvirnr:frsurl#urirJ:ssrsu lun:vuruo',rdurjruioudqorJisslsu
dorfiri:ud:rulunr:riruuo ?'r,rruelu uavrirrfiunrrlurdoo#o:Jrs dufie.rnsionr:iliililq{GrnrI
n :r ru rfl u o qiua u o il'rn n fl oinr ?R rfl 'r
srno ssfi?nsrrTuri (2szz: 30-31) hflnrrrur#u'ir nr:firfrui'rufinnrnuuefiel
l. n ?1ildu10 uasnrrruvirs tirrnd:ruriu dsrfi n nrnn:ril du l0rraunrrrurixfrrra
drricg : :J:vnr: 6o
rirurlnnndsritrdqfiordorfiu narurflunrrrucuhuavnlruyi:.:risaadaruti'uzuosri'lu:eru
2. n r r ru rdo n go u r rn u n ?1 il hifi llrot o :' ur ;u ti fi o qi ei o an r u n r : affi rfl u o qjrfu nrdn
duh{v{rhJ{nr::rrun{il ?'r.:rre.nr unsnrffon:srirdrruriu
3. n r : er n n { l o i ur fiu fi o y nJ d uu uil a,r n {ru raio Eru su'hJtu fi svr xfi fi uJ : r : o il'r R 1 :I
d'prd-uloderuriufinvd'osqilrr:{rJ'rR}refinyrirtri'rfiqnlilFFrun:sfirnr:fiduo{eroiln:rrurtxu
soulro{nurirulnqjiirdu:{o{fr'ufirorrurrtul uuoo',odo'.r:firi'rudaruf,iororfioornuu?n?'nloAtnnoul rsu
- n?rildivrtrfi fi sionnilrdofioqnnndrrity uavdrfin6"firfi"i'r1#rJtrmrufi riru
d:rulufion::ruoir1 rsiu nr:f rrlft qrJ:vlovrf nr:a#xluadiur:
- n?1rf rn r.:h fr fr oioqn nofi rn r:wf:l fronfrofr rfr u: fi uarfi ruu il.: r4rlrfl:J:ssrsu
rfinnrrun:r1ofiovfia'ru:',lrudru dAol*ififio?'rilf,;flr1fiionarrrdruhodx16rurtlurufiov
n:srir uiu fflrqjoon:Jrncrou:s frrioufi riruu:r
riufi oivrsra-o !il rinardsuil na an.ru. lorrqrinolrrac{rugfiff r:rl) / 2l
a r r @ 4 A r hYds -6t o
n?1il14tJ1U1O{n1:ild?U5?rJU{:?tJ6l{ n'l:nqnnattasnEilnu tolJ tofl1d [ufl1:u'l
miflurn:eir{"1 fifioEilnldl#ffiorJ:ylsrydunvn:oilnqililirlU1r'r:trasd€rrriusirs"l n1ilnmsfi
rfluoqi lqufi oo^u :avfir{sruri Qs27) ldndmli'jt "nt:fidaud?ilno{il:sflrm fro nud
rl:sryrryuu$oqrururffnru1fian?lildrilr:n,uo{sruto{ lunt:ffsrnt:tlasn?uflxtnr:tdttncnr:v @t - o ia rr .l zt I S 41 o 4e - 6
R:s0luvttvtu'tfl:ilnsiJ00ufl15r{nomilog9rod{nil tTlolJ:v Iuru9oft'l:a'l:{1ltr?9lvl1{llfr:uSR0
lu n s d{ n il n'r il n ? 1 il 6 1 tfl u o d x a ru f,n 6'aG 1 u g r u v rrru r fi n ti'l n ru'
6dt0'rRn?lilnnriluen{6,| uooydEiln?1il?nJruflo{rnr:ftri:udrruld'ir rflutiorfir;nna
run v n ri u n u uX u fior do r tiu lu 16o r n r r ru do.: nr: ua v n r : til 6 uu urJ a s fi dos n r : ds fi nra n : vvrrl
Inusr:rsioeruro{uard?u:?rJ 0ilrfian'r:arfierJ6^rifiodrrlqodrrudu$io1#rfiornr:rdduu
urJnrsrrilddooo'.rrrfu leuilrilinurn:oirs1 iifi oqiilrl#b?rfi nrJ:vlusri
att IR:su?uRtttJd?t{:?lJ
n r : fi rf ru d r il { o'i q n n n 1u fi o n : : ru z uir 1 o r o fi riau d eru1u du sr o u1o,iurr ou n dsa g dug e
il:oflarutunoun rpr fnirrnr:ldurisfrurioduoousirq"l flo{fion::il'l{unnsirtriuoon'lilra
na'l?no
white (re82:z:z) ldnrilrli'jr nr:firirudrrurj:vnou'lrjfieu s fi6 fififirurr 6onr:
firiaudrrulunr:slefiuhirov'l:nr:riruavdrodt'l: fififiaor donr:ficiaudrrutduaavtunr:q a r6qa ihgr- c q
firuur nr:arfiorJ6-:ifrnr:qrrufr"tddeduln uavfrfifiarru fionr:ficiruiarutunr:uilrilunra
:J:vIuryffirfinornnr:rirrfiunu tioAoldr+iu,firu6n'irar:vtirrTrgzuornr:firi:ud:ruluil:snrr
fi + finr:riril'rilr^o'ritu'r fionr:ficiru:'ur1unr::J:sttJ^ug{aR'l:drtu^usrufifirolil
cohen uav uphoff (1980: tss) dsfinalilt#udoon#olfiu InsldurirrJ:cmnnr:fiI r U9,dl I A
cl?u:?tJ t?tljuil:emil no
"'1. nr:firfrudriltunr:frqfrult il:vnor'hlfiru g lTunou fio ?r?rudprfrulodrrfiu
n r: dn fr u t o ua v d'n fr u 1 o rJ q :io^n r :2. nr:firf'rud:ulunr::Jfrrifrnr: il:vnordrunr:dflldqudruvrinurn: nr:
r?ur:nasnr::J:vcrutonrrrudrrufro
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m t dr n u u?o ff a il : v lumici'ru r; n n n
4. nr:fiei:udrrtunr:il:vrfiurun
lnnra m:ro$a'Nd ?t1l1t?u'l55un5tl| / 22
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ruasd1u.rEflo.:iltgnr nr:ficirudrrtunr:rtuniltrasn'r:il6'rTfinr: ficiruiurlur.rnrJ:slssri
rrn vfi rirudrrutunr: il:vffi u na Olr'ru, zszz)
lugrJrornr:firi:uirru cary (rs76) ldurirlftflu s g:Juuu AUi6o
t. rfluarurfin
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4. rflun::runr:
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1. nr:firi':ud,lrll:vqru
2. nr:firi:u:"rruoontQu
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s. nr:firirud:rurflufil#u:sqtu
to. nr:fi cirud'rruooniaqqrJn:ni
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drnru Inufiriru:'rxsirusinr:flnu116oufilqur nr:fieflrefinr:ufiflqur nr:fiofiulnuncrrrI t ra oaq a s t a I a JIrflu n1:t11:?tJlJAUn [Un0n::ilunv ]n:{R1:9t1{dl f'r1:919rst1tJruauauu:ulutt9.tn :?ilyt{fl1:
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ifo {'etiifi ruasio nrtfi daudaui r u € q .r ! t q ree-9 a o I
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nt:{losfiuols€Uln::il lunornqumv{il14lun:" IoufiinqrJ:vaqr{lunr:iffu firnr:finstldn:rudsdnsilvnx'lild?ilfrocforil:sflrutunr:florfiuorrqrn::ru uaccitrc?illfirl:ssrru
d'rrufrofiuflosriuorvtgrn::ru1uqruru{orflurfiilu,odu tunr:dnsro9od*u.il il:vvrrufinurufnrrrur{rlouavtr{nr',urryururr.ldnvflorfiurTrJ0rnols€u'rR::rufirn^nduluqruvu naon0u
rf, l r# u n l ru d r rirg l u 16o r fi d'r u il : v sr ryu lu qru ru fi n rr ru d rru ru'o fiu rio qunu rdo fl s q fiu
n a t ru d :ru fi o fiu ln u fi n r : ri r utr do rdo u rh u tu a y urn rh u un v rfi n n r r il n : s il fn fl 9o u r{o_ g q ga r 4 v v a il on:v{ulfrnnnrrru: rrufroriuriuurs:rrynr:rfloflorfiuorsculnr:il il:vsrryum:rudsnt:
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(nr:flnst :ru'ldqtl fnnsr{rirrufinn::ruodrsu{rduilrnn'irnufifianruR'r}ryn{drnrudr
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n?1ilu1?u'rutunr:oqjorduoqjturi'uuo^u finrrrudlnffudriu:ydurornr:fia.rudrilcJor
il:ysrryu
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to.:{rf,norfrulurqjriruffoc::ttqrrrnsil nE{ryry{ilillun5 nu'ir il:vsrn:firnufi:J:sanai vnr:airfiu:fiuorryEurR::il firirud'rrulun1En?ilfpJors6u'rR::ililrnn.irnrjrurJ:sryrn:fihjrnufi
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q n qu d ito fi ru aflad efi z) t d'i t'u fl il.j r il o o'g rL r r rJ : v R r : fi o : r ru dil rfiu f,si o n a r ru fi pr
rrf ulunr:rJq^:i6truflotdu:J:rr:J:rilorrruln::ilcrordr:rourr:1lla lduri orq orfin uasr cA @
u 5 y nil fl 15 flt rn u?fl lJ olsElJ'ln5 : il
ilullln'lnula0 ufi l?n0'lagufl aa dn.!. (o1ryqlin01[las{'nrqn!55il) / 3 I
riuffr, ffusr'il:vnr (2szo) 'ldrirnr:if,urdor nr:flnurnr:iuflsinrln:vororfiu{flo.1
tRuo:n:lurr,iriruirlvru naorsTu ftrirrfiur drrn{rn:rfr.rlux drmoduriruur ffrmio
un:rJgru rw'h ivr grfl u duu.u"rfi ft nlrudrd'cgr rnfi qn frfi iufl runosr{rrurfi d:uirrururn
fi n :r ru fn {r o n r'ro u'ro du
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lto'1HOgO1flU [Ur1j9t?t{lj'lu09rfl::fiUltJO.: ?rUJlU09rfl::[VrltlJ5VVrlU OltROlJlitR:?U 0{14?9
d r dr 9o J quuvrq: ilu?r nr:ruuHurvr{uonuav ruqlrsu nr:tfluarurfinnrjrufion::rurr^noiofii{ri'r rlas
nr:ldiucirrar:rfisrr1ufion::rutuEruru ftnrrrudrurfruffiinr:frriruderutunr:fiwur ri:u
:vriunr:f,nuruavn?'uJflnrrrur{rtolugrJur:lnr::liur:qrurunqjrhuoruros'hifinarrudrur{u:i
tilnr:firf'rudrrulunr:fislurqrusu d.raos,nflordtlnnnr:flnulcJol ol:u'r isuR^o es26) d
nu'ir nr:rfluarur6nnrjruovfinrrrudrurffuddrnr:firfrudrrulufion::rutorgudt{ourrdnrdn
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:J:ruil:rruorrqrn::rulurcrsri:Jpl^osourosanrfidr:roun:ura#'ru{:rq nuirnrudnuafroq
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n'iril:vsrsufi ruornrndnsaiile{dr:roludrun:r
rf ufrR: qa::arYvni (zslr) 16'dnu rrdoq nr:fi rf eudrilfl o.{or rfl dlin:fl gsfiufiu
rlltuuntfsutunr:florriuilqr.rroruqrfl::rJ turlnffw{ierun:ilg:r nyir nr:firirud'rilcro.r
orarafin:florfiurYurhuna16outunr:flo.:rTuorrryrn::ruoqllu:sdudr ludruro.:floffurirur 4 o t - , !, Ao v q 4o a t I r a q
qnnn nrjr nr:flnsrttaydlrildrmxdrnrurvirriufrfrn'rrrudrur{u:in'unr:frri:udrilodrlilfuo, q -aaA v I ct il q v v I I v A g q}t
?fln[Uyl1{dnnm:volJ 0.05 rf?u tu9llulJ00UVl1{d{nil v'llJ?'l nl:ilsYEilRUtTloui]lu nl: tl4
nrrrudrritgoioilqurorsqrn:Til ,,uro.lududndflordr:'rorvir#udftnrrrudrufiuf,tirnr:fr
ci:udaruodxfiriudrn'ryvrrrafisr'fi:sd'u o.os ornruanr:?f,urirlr?vr:ru'ir sirurriwrrdsnil
runvnr:1d'nrrrudrd'rgoioflqr.rrorvqrn::rufinrrrudrufiuftirnr:fiaeud:rulunr:flocfiu
olTGulR::rJ ti'uludlrn'':qvr^flraar drunr:qvr^flrl:{{'ru rracdrunr:qvr^nm:-neifiu
lngra r::roYatd nun'1il'l55uRr:l| /32
r A v I v a rl A dao I qR1:ttfl?{14'ln?'1il5?lJtJo0lnoldldlJn:lJo{lRuRUtl'luT'la[:ou miln1tll4u{vl1{d{nil
rnAililrndu rrnun?Trrusrirdrirorrrur{rlouriorararTn:florfiufiurlhuv{atfoul#uXu'irnr:lri'
n'rrrudrfitgoioilcynrorrrg',nrrurfu ovrirh1vr:rudsnarrurflutiltosortsuln::u unsu'uru?
m rr lu n r : fl o r fiu'[dr1 nt nr v
o rnnr:flnu rr ru?fru{rs dunoa:rj'lddr
r. il:sryrryufin'nrufn':rrur{r1o unsl#nrrruile,rurilfiovfloqfiuriuorou',"rg',orrud
rn^orduluqruru il:yryrryuluqurufin:rruierufioriuvitqruvurdoflorriuoucgrn::rutfluodrrd
"t lrrglo I a - A 9l a | 4 v
nf orur{.:h{rn-onrrruiriliioriurrs:rrynr:rfroflorriuorurXrR::rJ :J:vryrryun:rucr'rnr:do
enruu:ndo*rluqrumiifirfu doq:'rilfioriudmvrfinnafisionrrildailfiolunr:florfiuorrqr
R55IJ
z. ilofruiifinrasionr:firiruderuroril:r"'.r"utfuduoqifi:rfloffuvn{tortl urys nr:dnsru d lrtg j a4 rq Y A 4 A a
flu19n:oiln:? olsTt :1u to ttavfl']'uJUl?u1uvrolf,uog tuvlo{nu tlav0]Rn'l5f,Ru1l:0{R1:il
a:ud:rutun'r:n?ilrpJorsrulR::il{or{finorfiuluul,jrlru6'oa:: nu'ir :J:vryrn:firnsfi
rJ:varnr:afrfiu'rtirorrqrn::ru firi':uierulunr:n?ilrltJolsty'rn::rJrJ'rnn'ir:J:vnn:fi'[rirnu
fi il : s au nr : alrfi u riil o r sru r n ; : n
l. o rnnr: flnurfrsnrir ?vr grfl u dourarufi fi narru drrTryrurniiqe' rfli#ufl ril rnos
rulrrurfirfruderurrn finrrrfn{rorrloulodu n:rrudarfiofloraufinryru:ruirnqorararTn:lu
n r : u ffi ci r r o 1 sru'r R : : il a:r r fi n t#n : r ru i r ru ru^o rfl u o d x 6
:J:ysrruhitrfln'rrrud'rrufrorilr{rrarirfirir:rn tfiuou',0'toarmotrtuqjl s il:cnr:fio
t. drrilq0rnuqdnr:aftrorrir:rotor
z. a r ru q o r n il : s m su fl^er 14 ir 1 u n r : rJ g^rio^r r u cJ o s d r : r o
,g3. dllfi9]01nn?1iloouuoflo{r:vulJ:'r!trR1:rtauunaln:suq{q a r ia t@ o4. dlr?{q01nilflufi9rflo{lJ:cslsumilognila'r:?0
riarfi srinsrdu rmrinurdoufi na an.u. (ouqrinornarmugn'r::!) / 33
nr:iffun#{drfl unr:?f,srfirdr:an (survey Research) dltirnr:rfi u:eu:eru{oryalnu
wN4#4xilnfi 3
tduluaouo'ru #odriuuospirrfiunrrluofus,outo{nl:dg1{rndo.:fiolunr:tHu:eu:aru{orya
(urre srorru) fli6'uld'flnsrdun{rrruif,ufirfiurc?o{uas'ld},Tflurrniorfrodrnrimerilar oaao ju /4
: vtlj ulj?t? 0 uYl tgrflflH'lu'l
s.t il:wrn:rfl rfi il'ruuavnqiuffaodrt
r.r.t rj:srrn:rflrnrurs
il : s m n: rfl rn ru r s lduri {rJ : v n o r orfi n du : o ufi o diu fl'r o d fi dr fin o gilurr or
#:ucnrs rJ:vnoudruar.rn:aiufinei#loduritu,firtin u?fvrsirst ,firu:u +s urir dsftdruruff
dr:nrrffndiuffNdsdu 6ruru r,4s7 nu
s.r.z ncft.rfi':oeirr
rJ:vryrn:fi ririlrflnuriffuo#oif fiu fr:J:vnolordndr:nufi od$ufl.'on{onut
ludrfiorcrer#ruterorndruruflrJ:vnuuolrn{od, +s urir rrur{odu r,4s7 nu ffiffurirnuo
nrjrufrrodrrorrruifinr:rfunuo ,urod uav ruodunu(Krejcie & Morgan)(n:lisrrf niis:f.,zsqo)4 a @ t o | , a I a t lJlg t I
fr rfr rnnir orn iruru:J:vs1f'r5 1,500 :1 u nvdonnejrud:odt ld'fi ruaufiifr u 334 :rs
r.z rniodiodlflunr:?ffg
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lunr:ffi u:'ru::ru{oryardodrrur?rn:rvr{
r.z.t nr:a#uuuudououJtta@tigo A -y J t u ri
ry? 0 u tea llu 1rfl 1: d: 1{ tt]J :J do:-r o 1tJ 91 1lJfl ugl ouao lilu
I t f o6 I t'o$
lngra r:tlofu:ld if;drrfiunrrifrs lra
4 Ai 9 v as J j' = 4 c3.2.I.I flnulvtlJvt?u?::srR5:lJvllRU?llo{RlJR'.l5?0Un5{lU [9lUflRUlltagn',l
lYol o aq a a ain ?lilr{il t0 01R9t 151 ?'l: d1: 9'.ln{1ufl1:?0 u lofl tl'l: ltas?vlulullutYl
rfi ur{orfiurdorrrfi uatiunr:fi rirudarulunr:fl orriuorrqrn::ru
3.z.l.z flnurnunru :srfi uuiiifruvrrrdsnilfl dnf rnnu^nlunr:ooRulJlJ6q?OU
3.2.1.3 ri rr unrdou rrnsd?ril:zuosritoriltuullrl dorJ0'rtJ fi 'ldornnr:vr:LA 9 o o Gr tdo
yt ? 1l ?: : 0r R : : u r14 0 cf 5 1 { t rlj lJ do lJ o'ttJ I tas R't 14 1l o n'l n'Iil t14 il a R g il e
n : ounqilrdofi rfi do.: nr:dnurt, lgoAyay
3.2.1.4 d:1{rlulJdounlil9t'lrJlJu90u rtn?illuulJdouo1ilmd:1{r:ulj:ou
3.z.z.r ri ru ii t rfl u ri r o rrurfi uT firl {o ryn rie bJ fi ru il o f,m x il : v mn :q lyt d e d av g idr r v r C
rfl:u$n0fl o.r9JlJ:unoilolfl1t1:J:orlvtfl Gr5il01,tlvtlilunqilfl ?0ul.: ctr{t
n s ldrfl u frr uil : 6a: s (Independent Variables) lu nr: f, nu riffu
3.2.2.2 rf ru ii z rfl ud rnrrufiurtirnrrruaultuavnr: irfilrXrrorytgln::il
dr rfl ufl n frudrudqnilro{unudR'rnrr?odoilfl o{ {rJ:vnouorfind:ra Av 9) iq . a r
: olrvtfrGrslJ 0 1{il tilu nqila ?o u'l{
3.2.2.3 riruii : rfl u{oryafi rfi urfiunr:fi rirud:rulunl:fl o{ fluCIlsqln::il
t o r frrJ : v n o u o r fi n dr : n uri n fi ir flr r fi rfl u n ejru frro tirs ds o v l#1fl u
6'r t til : q rxJ (Dependent variables) lu n r: fl nu riflu
3.2.2.4 riruii 4 rfl urirnrrurfi u:riu{orauorruufl o{dil:vnouorfir{dll:o
ufi nfi irL flrrfi rfl un{ruoirodr{crornr:fi cirudrrulunr:fl orfiuorrqr
I q99 a 4lt[6'l 1r4{vr : r qar'10l0r :'l0doiln?1iltli u{sr:(t (Content validiry) ttns
uu ydrudludol#uulaoil nrild'u.n:n iqlffi udsfi dornr:flnur
3.2.r.s d ruu aouolilrJrrrr{"lfl rliurJqs{ounudos udr6.rrirurudoufl 1il
lilvroaorn rc?oil nildo{r (pretest) ud'eudlttfieuq:oftfi onlru
ril il 1v?ril1unr:rfi r:?u rurdoryao?roio'hl
r.z.z fincotvuuudoilsril
ruljufloilnlrutlrilrflu + ri:u dld
R5:IJ
rioufi oivrordo rlil rinurdo!fr na an.l. louqrinorua:uuq6rrr!) / 35
4413.23 nltnOdOUtRtO{lJO
A a as !, ! tto- utrtoR r : vr o d o u rnis c fr o n r : ? fru n is fi ffi ffu 1 dri lu^u n 1 5 vt et doil d{ fi
3.2.3.r ilruru aornrrufi nitunt:er:?0douuavud'ltrJirLrJqs{ounudosorn
{vr : r q or pn^ l:J ri r n r : vr sr do u (Pretes0 fi u rlo q a o r n n rj ru rl : v rr n : dt
fidnusrvfiugrulnd'rfiurtTrnrjrurJ:vsrn:fid'otnr:flnur 6o tril:snororfindu:oufindiilflrslurrn6uuor,$rueu 30 nu lount:
rf ru frr o ti r I t ru I rit to^tg (Accidental Sampling)
3.2.3.2 rfi o tdur :L aou n r ru fi fi rn r : vr er dou R dll du ru r 6s ri r'l:Ja^rn : rs fr.r rrir
n rr ru rdoriu (Reliabiliry) rdo :J il rJ q r,,filn o', n rfu6q ri r hJ t'f,rfi u: ru
: aru{oryn o rnil:vmn:tfl ril rur ueiolil
3.3 n1:rfiur?ur?il{o{a
fri6'uld'ri rnr: rfi u :ru:eru{orya orn{rJ:vnor ordndu:nufi n6i$rt fltsluttn?Tau
flnrdrusruro{ Inuclon?'riloqrn:1sr{nrn{f,onr:u?fvr #t.:duriru6rfrn cun:aiufind lu
nr:il:varurrurTufrrJ:vno:Lordndu:nufinfiilflxfiqnrfionrflunriruoYrodt odsrioudrrfiu
nr:rfiu:::r::ru{orya friffu16'ofiu',ud',,ooor'tudrdtgtotnr:frnurif,uluo$odl#ncjrurJ:vm
n:rfl rurursldr{rlo uasif; nr:nourruudo:loruornrfu6rtdu:eu:rru{oryaornnrudorlolil
rfi o ri r'l:Jirn : rvr{si o l:J
3.4 n1:iltsil?aflauavn1:etnt'lv#{orya
rfio ffit'uldr6r :rrl:rrurloryadsnrirunr€ uu go uudao vfi rnr:n:?0n?'uraruq: ofrorstttyssolnlaad
ltlj :.1 do il n'lilvt {r 14 rJ a : ? il vr.{ lJ 1 [u il o do u ctil ilns'ru 9r { u
3.4.1 r::alrfin:af{oryurdutt.odoiln?'rlrdrJ:;:af nrrugndouniudrunsn?ril
rfluronnrvrtor{oryn
3.4.2 d ril uoracl fl tlruil : v'fi rn:i:.r drn f,i rtuilrf ollo'nl
3.4.3 ri rm u o: fia{oryanrr{fi onr:ar:rTa ft ffi t'uldfrorrirduuav r,irunrrrurfi u
vou orn {r : sr;nr'trfi udr unvfi rnr:at :fia (coaine Form)
'lnara rrrruoiarrd
3.s 46fifi1fr'lunrr?ffg
ffirirrfiunrridu r re
3.4.4 rfi o a s : fi'ar€ uu #osnd'r 6ui r: fia{o ryu d lfl tt riu fi n n slu rruuri rm f; n
(disketre) daurn6osnoun':rsrof:J:vil?n?{n lnuldl:J:un:rudrr$ngrldrrnil
n r :ifrum rs d{ n il nr an f SPS S-PC+ (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
Saoao r n rlu6s fi rn r:Trn : r s r{{o rya oi o bJ
o As lJ 9o- 14961 9l aaC a s I I
lu nr:ifrun ir fi {?ffo 161,ff adsr rfr oo6urudnu ilvdorynror nrjuJ: r urn: uasill. v v I I a , -Jnln?lildilTtu5:vl4?l{sr?rrlj5 0{u
3.s.1 n1:dEilrr::uluEilduf6rornejrufreodrr duldnri flrffuilrqil:ss'tR:
rf,:u g fi 0uas d.:n:r naoo 0u n'r:fi rirud:ru1unr:fl orfruorrqrn::ruror{
il : s n o :r o rfi u riu : n ufi n 6iu flr{ In uldan^6n : : oll (Descriptive statistics)
lduri dsr:rriruiosns (Percentage) rirfrfirurnzunfio (trrteans) uasri'lujlIu{tuttilla:Slu (Standard Deviation : SD)
3. s .2 fl 'r : m a do il drJ il 6s l u rrn v n r r ern : r y rt'u r ri r n a r ru dru r{u f,: s u'i rr d:urJ :6 a : s u a v d: u il : n r u I o u 1 da fi sr^ rd'u o, r m a o il d rJ rl er's r ula fi sr^ dr s 6 q
(Inferential Statistics) t#afifinr:vrnaolfi (ttest) tdefiffirn:rsfn:rru
rurl : il : ru:vn'h'rn{rufiunrrruuil:il : runrulunr!ru (F-ratio) nr:irn:rsd
n?1iluil:il:ru (ANoVA)
ilucnslngla0 l|?tmngla0llfi oa fln.llt. (olxqliyrsrrds{ruqfirr Eu) | 37
unii 4
a er,
runR1:?itu
n l:d rrduonnnr:iffurdo{ "n?ril irruru^otsrnu du:n uudiu fftartr:arc (ufi n6il lu
nr:flosfiuil6U?ilorsqrn::ru flnurrqilrvrc,o#eu{?'r.rr" ldurirr,rnnr:ifrsoonrflu + rirudrfi
4. L floo'uriruqnnn
4.2 floffuvnrdrudsnru dqr:srdoru
4. 3 nr:fi rirudeilflosnuciu:ouff nd lunr:flostiuilrgurorrqrR:Err
4.4 n1:vrodoudruufrgru
a.r {lo6'sGi?uqnna (nffiN l)
4.r.1 nrjrudrodrrflurwsryrs #ouns 97.0 unsrr'rf,rfrr 9ounv :.0
4.t.2 nrjrudeoeirrfiorq zt-:0fl #osav 3r.z o'ulrt-+ofJ $ouav 40.3 o1tl41-s0fl
#osas 22.4 o'tqsr iJduhJ $ouns o.t
4.1.3 nrirudrodr.:fi:vrTunr:flnsr il.t-il.0 9ouas ss.t rJ.t-rJ.o $ouns gs.t ilrs.-
:Jea. gouav z.z uurdul louav z.a
4.r.4 nrjrudrodxrirLdocraurvXmr $ounv gg.4 uavfllaurn?ad $osds 0.6
4.r.s n{rd':odr.rfianrunmlan 9osns 19.8 eril:dudroqjdrerf,u $ouas os.g
eil:arrd:rrrrnriuoqj $ounv s.q uil'tutrarjrirr gouas z.a uurdul $ouns o.o
4.r.6 nrjrurTrodrrft:ruldeiorfioil 2,001-3,500 ulvr $oerav g.+ :ru'[d 3,501-5,000
urn #ounv g.+ :ruld 5,001-6,500 urm #oelas t+.4 :rs'ld 6,501-8,000 rl'lvl
gounv gs.o :ru'ld r,oo, ulrduhj fisrrflu$sunu 37.8
4.r.7 nq'rudrodrrfi:vuvnnrlunr:d:vnousrfrfl t-sil #ouav G7.4 xvuvLxal 6-10
fl gosas z0.g ivuvl')ar 1r-lsfl Ssunv 7.0 unusuusr?ar 15flduhj $ouas
4.7
lnara r::ruoia,lld nanrrif,s I n
4.1.8 nrjufraodrfi4firirruroqilunrnorviuoontfiwtufiournfiqn $ouns 63.4 R1n
nal{ $ouas 9.3 nq{tvrv'tur4run: $ouns g.o nrntnfro Sounv 7.s nrnns{u
oon 9ouas 7.5 uasRrnld $ouav r.g
4.r.g nrjrudrodrsfiarurfinlun:ornirdru?u 1-3 nu 9ouav 3s.6 6ruxu 4-6au' gouas ss.z ,firuru 7-g nu#ounv g.6 uasdru?u t0 nudubj Souav o.o
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uStrno?no'ln0 ilil't?1t0'taoilil9a dn.ll. (o1ryq1indltns{uqafrru) / 43
er1:'r{ 2 ,fruruuavsosas{ornqir.rsr'aodr.r druunsrrilr:fofft eiruff{nuuurdou."dou tsiol
rlloo'uaiauqnna tiru:u (rgn) $osas (1oo.o)
2.5
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luera m:iuo:-a:ld nanrciffo I 44
entl{ z qiruauuav$osavmsnq'rufraodrs tiruunnrruiloffsdruff.rnruilasfr{uaodsil (sio)
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v lrl 6l a o .tl f anrr:il g6|,r?dr:olrqrnrf ililud{olrul{oul{g{llllvet
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drrcr:orryrgrn::rurflurJ:vdrlsru?irudoivrgrurnfiqn ludrunatrudrufrudfiurdrufirfidr:rr
eirulnqlfi n'rrufrrufi'udlu:vdilrhunarq fi nr:6osiorJ:seruqrun'urflrnrirfi dr:aoluEruru
lu:sdurJrunaxrfluriruluqj fin'rrrufiouXusionr:uFnr:tortflrudrddr::olu:sdrLrhu
Rn'l{
lu d'r u n ar r 6or oi r s 1 rfi urtiu o r sql n : : il frrTl : o iu ffrt fi n nu uX u dr ulu : c du
or,,uu,odo +.es (16ru sl drfrnoqllu:sdrr#udrururnfiqor
e.r.g frarnjtfflflunr:iffer
t ffiutkdtffi (ndependent variables) 'ldrrri nrg o1q doluntflRl:dtJ:d
:vdrnr:flnur :ru'ld fldu1 qfidrrurrfiru'$ruruaufrnlun:ounfr nr:
s, n,fl u,udoolsruln::il frsu n fi siordru rhfi rfl r: ro nr:iuflilqil 1o1$€U1
R::ru nr:tv1n'rrudrrirgsisnr:ud'[$ilrgmrorrq'rR::lr
z frauilm1tJ (depend.ent variables) lduri nt:firiauderuzuol{rJ:vnousrfrvtvJe9tlJ:OUl.I9l:Uitl{
risr fi-sr?n ords ilfi 1ifl ordsuu n a an.r. loruqrinnuas{rugn'rr:n) / 6l
druirnr:fi ci:ud'lrulunr:fl oqriuotflGuln::ilfl o{nudil:auudill dt{ rlil'il n
nyuuurfl6u:sdll 3.61 dst'orrflu:voirrurn Ieunsuflstuqtilrffrrrhfidr:aofrufifinvuuuqtfi
qe : o{r a{ilrlduri udun qtir duu runufi arilr: nfi osistiurdrrrirdrfi r: roldviufi rras0u6l#I a A tt ,tA
n?1il: ?utJollJots'lt4 lJ'lvl: o{1lo
6.23 nltnoffOudlnJngru
A d I Y irag a9, S qY .l01nR1:arn :1u14 UAVil 5Uil?Afl nfl OHnVI l91 01nfl 15?0U l9l U t$R1:Ylaf,outt:JlJvl
1t - tesO trns R'l : vt et doil n ? til rtd : il : eu (f-test) ar ru r : o aqil ltffd'tfi4 A o q Y,' - -.-o.--s- --r--- d
n1: 9t Rrlurl4rloollrfu1n::il :s9lJo1tl fl15 lfi n?1ud1n6u9loo1sq1n::il un?1il
drur{u ffitLnr:ldnerru irrufi olunr:fl o{fiilo1fl Euln: :il
rirudnuatvnt:sr^osrtilrit'lar:{oryaolstg'lRT:il :vdunr:flnst :sFTil:luld :suv
renrlunr:il:cRouo'rfifl il:smmrordefifiqflru narrufrrufiuf,tirrflrnrlrfidr:ao nr:finsio
:J:saruqrutTu16'rmrirddr:'ro narrufiqtlXusionr:u?nr:tort{rutlrfidr:ro ttavnrtfid?il
or:ru6o:'rrufion::rulunr:florriuolsqrn::il 'hifinrrrudrufrudrirLnr:firirudrrulunr:flot
tiuorrqrn::ru
9, av6.3 llOtflUOllUUOlRRl5?OU
p{n r rnnr :io'er n r :?tn :rsdrJ :vil ?a fl a dfior^fi :J : rn g n rnnr: t6t{o 4n t rnn{rud'l
odr.rfirfluflriu:osudi::flx1urzusrfi'rucrlr druaufrifiu 334 :'ru ffifiutorauotrusolnRl:I
?0u9ilu
r. ruanr:frnurnvrduld'jrufinrjudrodrs dtrfl u{dr :n uudiuflxci'ruluqiovhi
firJ:sarnr:ailunr:flnrflu116ooruryrn::rufiorril usi6'n:rfidunuornnejrud'rodrsiifi6'n:rqs
fis#ounv g.r dsfiil'irrfludun:tuoiofr:J:vnouorfinqt?oniundu:oi:rffN ril:rstfluorfiufi
dorh?uinr:oeir.:'hifivrxrf,onuasohi,$rtYonnrlunt:lfir?nr: drrfur{tr#rfifirurfiotnr:
r(silu ril rn: nr:lunr:urluavfl osfi'uorr€urn::ilfi rfi prdurrnsororfi oduluoillnel
2. rio duu r rJ : s n r: n uar fi fil rfl u dr ti6 fi offdu: cr uudiu ffrs,f ru :uru rnlfinrrr
drdqtirorsqrn::il naonfirfrrirudrrulunr:florfiuorurglR::rJ duiu'irtflutioiiatf.tii'u'to
,duou,r',odoruraryuldr{rrurfirvrlrvr tunr:ffqfir:runr:ivtgnioqudYuu$tnrofruoirtl
lnma r::roiarld aqil uar{orcuouusornnr:if,o / 62
rdodsnrrilrndu usidsdnfifi$ur'lduri:s6'rn?rildtJfiudlrasviaunfitosffdu:nuildiufi{
siorflril drii d r: r o nrL'j r fi rfi us:v d'rilrunnrufl urieutuqj dsffi 6'urfi u'irdrufrutnlilrtav
fisun6siordrurhfidr:ro r.irosrfluiloffuiifi6vm^nnuavfinrrrudurfruf,otirr0tsionr:firirudr:l
lu nr: fl o s fruo1ssu1R:: t tlu ds n u
3. na nr:irn:rvr{{oryadrunr:fi riruderu drui6r,rrri."odu dlru'h {dl:o uud$u
ffrrfi ci:uirrulu:sduurn usirfl u:srTuurnfi rioururmxfisu t{odtfl uiiuofi fi nrrrudr6'qodrl8s
gav{du:nousif,:l{rr rinrilufriinrLuXurrqnr:alriouufsrurnn'irfrrJ:vnouorfil'rdu ffiffurriu.irurnfinr::or:sritrfl{{r:niuflr.rri'r'}rJtrfln:silfnuavtfnartd'lufiootirlrdrud fiosrirl#
.l - la q q ,l 9t srl, ---ded--e^^-t-.---4-vr 1{rRrmJo1crarun:vrfi frnunrnlunI: fl orrTuilqr rfi 6fi qo6nnrjrumul
4. n r n {o du vr r il : s n r : r uos 6o n r : r{r d r ru o u : lr nf o n^o n : : ru lu n r : fl o r fiu o r vrg r
n: :ruror fldu: n uu dil ffr s n u'jr fi nrjruii t{r$unr:flnou:uludsr:rrirufi ofi 'tu'to frofr rfi ur
Souav r.s ,virrfu luomrvdfrdhirnuldiunr:?lnou:ruraufiqrun dra6fiiidu*ud,,Xudlo.,
fi n r : rfi ru fi n n : : ru u$o nr* ru n r :fil n o r : ru n rj ru ffiu : n Io e, n r : il : v ar u'r r u hJ frt o r rin : fi fr du : n irL
{rdsfio
s. lu:susunrsflfir,iruur 16'rfiprfi:runr:ivrquargueiuffurnqgrusir{'t rdosiru
dsnrururndu uavnrnfiil:rnqfiofrtd:nl#nuu uavfrdr:ouudiuflrsldr{trurfiuvrurvrodrte^l
sionr:1#{oryaurirffrnri''iiofirrrorf,io6'onr:tiuflrgurldodxvirlvTu rravaofl?'trtlutr:{tqto{
ilcyuriirfindulurLrrn:fi ffif,ur#u'irrfJulonradudii;gr nr:t{rrurafiuar4uodtoirffihiL
lv?nr:vri'sililennttluto{R'tn[oflsuodrsrdua
e.n rlotauo uuvrirnYu tr u? fi'tl n9s sio'!il
n r : fl n u r dr u n r : fi ri: u i ur l u ikg u r o r rry n : : il lu dr n ru riu rfl u a*s id d t firXfu rn : r v
rfiu:{osri:rfiisuravyrindfiucroril:ssrsulnern:r {rTu:auudirffr'rdriildnrirrrurnd:riNdu,lrrflurtrnnniifidrudrd'cyuasfifrnsnrulunr:qiruruf;oflotrTuflrgntfitfiodu rtfoororfisrdu
rfiomrnIeffi ::ilryrficlororfilr6'oqduvrrqtrj&nfi riqqonryoueirq 1 fi ornrdosionr::J:vnou
o1rycg'rR:riltu4ndr.rnnr ffiffurfiu'ir nr:finr:dnurfiunrirud'lodrtfiqYu:ouudYtffrtturilsl
6u r tt?n:ounqrufienE{rvrlr{ unsil?ruar.yra rn:rsodrsriouiiqe,fi'lde.ralundisr?vrurfinvrflu
nr:n:u{utlv?{lTrLldn:uurinluilqurdlnrudlsruarrur:nfi rirudront6otd
w"*"46"-:riorfi ninsr6'u $ilrinsriioufr oa dn.il. (olflqlinurttavlruqfitttx) / 63
u:iot'luRtil
lnnluilnsl
A t I ! -4_ 6t q_.9, 9l _ __.
n::offi:rJU qcucuqilf. (2527). n?rild?ililorlo{qilrillilor5ilo{RilorilqrR::iltun?{tnililr{lun:.
ivrsrfinuf,rJiqqrd,:nruflder:rJr4r.isuqn^n e{tfltirlolstglemmtav{1uqfir::il nats
frqnruorasrfrtnsilquuflldnf fil'n^qivrsrdu ruurinurduilfrqa.
n::rfinl ,nN6. es24). nrriiciaudaumql:surrudiiflasisnr:fiomrniugfio: finsrnronsntd
fnrsnrrar:fi eiruorir#rr drmoar?u'fr:ru ffsmiorqua:rrmfi. ivrsrfirnruf,rJ?sgq't
fiailarasr:xtr,rr:iarfisr arrrfifl urd{nru riorfininurdu ruurinurdutnun:aranf.
v o caa or- tu-,d!{^---t--^--41--.J^^9^.^^-v .--- --u-- 9t q !lJ?rUsu ?{fluetR:. (2s32). rJoi'r,fififlasionr:f;iciauiarulunr:rflorilrqililuitosqforfiulumornqj
rhu ffo s::t rutfi oc, fi nsrtnnrv n:fin{rhuffoat:tnnil:vnru o.Ul.lR??tl
o.uunq?. in sr u^u u fiJFq rg r fr a rJ ar ao : ilnriilfi sr ar { rfiH u r dsn ru :iarfi'nim urdu
ililrimendutnsfl:sraflf.
is:y rn?rge6. es42).nr:ficiruiarulunrrflotffuoruqrn::rutssarurfinsnroseinrru?urtdau
drua: fi nsrrqilrcn:darurfi nanrssrfnrru?mr:dausf, rualutilsrffirnioruunr$.
?vr urfi r,{u f,dr n ruorasr: l fl rrinrfi sr art risrortrgrin urttnrtru qfit::ru ria1fi n
ivrurdu ruurinurdsrufroa.
finnll qrgrJm. (2s30). ito6'uursil:ro'rtdfiflusionr:rnrficiauderulufiont:iln'htRltf,nurflot
fianrhnYerioulurilsrdudoiluuu.o o.rfior o.riru. iruru^iluf,:J?rgqrfiarJnraor:
il rn r rior fi n ar t r fior u r dl n il riar.il^srin ur fru ru m rin s r du tn s sr : cr ast f.
ris#u dunsrrJ:ynr. es20). nr:6lnurnr:Yufls?nqn:vorcrt6lus{o$nun:nt'lundriruft'lnu
naorfiu uuoqtYa#rs riruarjsn:vfislnu fi'.rmiorun:rJgru. ivruru^ilufil?rgrgrfinrJ
srrcfl :ililrfilfisr arzurfrsrurdrnru riar,il^erimurdu turimsrdunun: granf.
lnara n::roiaxd urrflT{Rru / 64
rr?uvrf f,uvr:rfiuei. (2s24). {toflsfifiamnrsnueionarrudarufls:vudr.r{rdur,rsffurdrnrhd
drtao: f, nsrtqursn:dfrrduvrrulumnnqunflilfiluni. ootsfrsnrugrdfl fq ln:snr:
orrqrimuruavuu qfi t::ru ruvl rim urduilfi'na
rTso: fiuqafi0fr56. Qszs).6n?nsrfi'a'1il. nEttnnruil'llrtli: ililriilurdutnsn:orcnf.
rl:v#u rfluruaru:g:oi. eszs). Rl:n?ilqilorsqrntrilolRdn'r?vtt?odor.lr uffnnqufirnsillet:Rl:.
ronar:nr:finurigrJ:vorauarenf duduii tl, anrtiutiatfisrfrnruruiur:sresrf.
rl:vfu rfluuarug:af. (2531). oruqrR:rildugruffun:su?unmqfitt:ru. nq{tvtv{il14'turlt: fl1t
lIutITl:sun:.
- ods
ilrru qr::olru{fla. (zszlr. nrdidaudarursqJ:vrruulunrtrfsxul. nq{ttYtlltJt4'lltrtt: f,nn-Ienr
alR1:V'ltJ11.
rJ:vraig ru$ild. es24). rru{1ilnrrffruruur{lqlrrnrrtlo{ffuuavil:tudtlilolrqrR::il.
RE{rvtilu?r1iln:: nt:ritrc?runr:ifiu drfinflunarvn::runr:in'u[il1m6 R:vvl:?'{t
in urqr efl frvr n Iu In6un v nr : n dw ru.
ilru^nd ffuvrf'flr6q.tr.et.yt. (2535). nr:iiciauderumril:vsrrulunrrflssffuuavilnurlnruorrqr
n::r.l'lutcrgrYufisrroucro{aorfir,ir:?ountu'tar?aacf:rs. ?muru^iluf,il?qqrf,nil
ercn:ilfl rfilfin artrfifl urdsnru riilfinifl urdu ilurifl urdutnsn:sranf.
qinrri 1ofiruG. zsz6). ilflnnr:fiflilrqiluuuaunr:fisruruuun. nq{ttvrulJt4lun:: #rtduriau
6rfio lvruorltn:rvr{lfl u.
?:rnir fium:R:. Q522).d1r14Elro'io1s€[1flrru: vrqufiuavuu?aofirfise{ol. ar:artfiomu?urt
srssr{. (nrh st-st).
lngra tr:mia'Nd urrsrrlnrr / 66
qnqud ilofiruaiad n.n.o. (2s32). narrufinrfiu{o{il:suruu{finorfiulun{rlruffnattmor
Rtr{rnflil?trunt rdsaffunr:rJfiffi .rlufl osffurJmurJtriloltqrn::ucro$irtaount
urafl fl.n.2530. fl!.ttvtlldt: ivrurfiuuf,rJ5tgtgrlvr ililrinurfiurRsslsdldeli.
o::n.10fi fi ssrn:. eszg).narudarufiorolaurfi nrru:ruinqoraraffn:rniuJ:sms'lns tunr:uds
r?rqlouq'tn::ilt. fi!{tytudt: notydtnrumanfrrarilqsuflaef In:snr:orryqrivrurAAOA
rlnu{lutl9lt::il tl14l?vlu1nuililoa.
o 15 tu r: r1o. (25 3 0). rur4uuffrufiufl unr:rixru. n q{ tvl 1,{ "l : ru 6'q a n r:fi'rur{.
Brown, E.J. (1953). Who Take Part in Rural Organization. Report 107. State Collage:
Pensylvania State Collage Press.
Brantingham, P.J. and F.L. Faust. (L976). A Conceptual Model of Crime Prevention gCrime and
DetinquencY" ., 248-296.
Cary, L.J. (1976). Community Development as Process. Missouri: University of Missouri Press
Columbia.
Cohen, J.M. and N.T. Uphoff. (1980). Wortd DevelopmenL '?articipation's Place in Rural
Development: Seeking Clarity Through Specificity".
Jeffery, C.R (1971). Crime Pervention Trough Environmental Design, Beverly l{ill: Sage. Lee,
A. Crime Free. Batimore: Penquin Books.
Kaufinan, H.F. (1949). Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletine. Participation in Organization
Activities in Selected Kentucky Localities".
riarfi crinsrdu unrinurdsilfi na do.!. (oltqlinornarlrugnfutr!) / 6?
Levaell, H.R. and E.G. Clake. (1965). Preventive Medicine for the Doctor in IIis Community: An
Epidemiological Approach. Third Edition. New York McGraw-Hill.
pearse, Andrew and Stiefel, Mathias. (L979). "Inquity in participation a Research Approoach" In
IINRISD Participation Programme. Geneva
Reeder, Willaim W. (1974). "Some Aspects of the Informal Social Participation of Families in New
York state cornell university". unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation.
Smit, H.C., and J.H. Wakeley. (1972\. Psychology of Industrial Behaviour. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill.
Whiteo A.T. (1982). The Community Participation: A Discussion of the Agreement. New York:
United Nation Children's Fund.
lngra r::uoia'xd R'lRFtu?R / 68
rior fi oin ards !fi rin ordsrlil's a en.u. (orsqrifl arnarlrugfitr:r) / 69
lruudouolfJ
6o{ nr:fi daudar.lto{nuffu:ot udYuffrqaltl:ols tufi ndl
lunr:flo{ffuortqrn::ru
mil?er R. {loffudauqnna
1. nrfl O ufl O srs
2. olrJ...................3
3. nr:frnsr
O trildiunr:f,nsr O rj.r -:J.a
O rJ.: - rj.o O il.t - il.g
O ru.+ - ru.0 O :dl rj:r. I rjaa.
4. f,l3ful
O qvrn O n?ad O 6anru
O du1 1:vq)........
5. dnluRlTldlJ:fl
O lao O aru:audroqideuriu O aru:arrdlrunfilroqi
O rfirslndr9t O 6ur (:s:{)........tnrr j r 46. :'lu-[prtn4ufl01F10u..................u'lvl
7. :cusnartunr:il:snouorfivldu:4ttff n6i.............11..........'..r6ouao a8. 4il4'llultotJ'Ontnrnuoo Onrnnsiuoontfiultrfio Onrnnart
O nrnnviuoon O nrnld O nqltnnrufllun:.ois. fruauarurfrnfrorffulun:ounYr................nuI 4 9d
10. vr'rurnurilurJlflur41uornnr:il:vnoilorrculR::tt t,t6otnstnrfluttrduolsrulRs::Juio'hi
O'hirnu O rnu'firutu........'..'......o90
O dur (:sU)........
'lnara r:tuoiarqd nmflu?R / 70
mrJ?er 1t. floffsYrrqdrufrtnruuasflnlilr?nffoil
l. viruhflnrrudrrTqoiofl q?t'to1ssu1R:rilfi rfioldu*lrnrloutfi ullo
O rurnfiqn O rtrn O:Jrunar't
O rlou O rioui'iqo
z. rJ nfi vi rufi onrilcirrar:o'lrtu'lR: :il 0 rndooirrl rhtnio hi
O rflurJ:sdr O rflulxn9.r O ulut n9s
O dounfs O hjrau C dur (:u:l)........
3. viruilfilfsst^osrtttdtrdt:o1s€U1n::ruorndorJ:vmmlorurniiqo tr6onrfius t {o)
O rnrisdofirur{ O ivrq O lvr:vTsri
O dur 1:v:q)........
4. virufi nrrudllfruffiirdrr,rrhddr:rotuTil$ucto{tviruoqilu:vduln
O rurnfiqor O ltn O rJtunarq
O rleu O riouiiqo
s. virurns'ld6osioil:carutrufiutffrnrhfi dr:rnrurnrlosrfi uslel
O rflurJ:sdr O rflulr.ro#r O urut oft
O rlouxnn O du1 1:grtr)........
6. rdovirudrrfludo.rfiqeiofrrlrdrurhfidr:ao viru'ldirnr:u?nr:Ei'ltttm6oornt{rurirfidr:ro
odrr'l:
Odrurn OA Orjrunnrs
O #ou O dur (:rr{)........
7. yirurnur{riunr:or:ruu6ot{rd':rufion::rulunt:flosfiuilqurolstgtR::tJtoturirulruoir.rlA-& ahrn0q1ilfi:o uJ
O rflurJ:sdr O,ilulrrn9t O urul n9r
O rlosrurn O'lrirnu O dur (:s4)........
rierfi nin urd's tu rinsrd'tllfr eta an.u. (orrqrinornaalruqn'tttx) / ?t
8. vi ru r#udrufiutru'lnarrufi edNt siolilfilaiohiotjrt'[:
cTonaril
q'CDq
@
c!acF!F
(raC
!F:
.@
5-
D
"EF!F-ef
67-CD
q(-@o(ra6
!F
nr: fl ocfi'uiltu14 rolstuln: : rurfl ufi tdr rfJuotirtEsdrraf:t
ErJSU
8.1
o 9r 4 +i o 4----! A t
n1:5uflfl 1?d1:O1StUlR::tJtlJUd{fl ltljUOel'l{U.:SlOf'|1:
fl orfiuilcgn'ro1scu1R: :ruludufi qlotviru
8.2
nr: tflrlorynrirrat:u6onr:dturvtrarfi u:ril frn:srirfi n
rfl udsdrrfl uodrqtr^reionr:fl ottiufl ryilro1lu€u1n:5il1u
dudnuori,u
8.3
nr:d:rufi oriurdrnritfi d r:anGnnr:Jet: roduu r frn:vfi rnrrru
fi o rfl u dq6rrfl uotjrt0ssionr: fl ottiufl txrrotwqrn: :rutdlu8a r
Y'll.tYlflO{Vl'lU
8.4
nr: d'rrfiorfl uyr urul#fiu t{ru rirfi dr:rnlun:fi fi fi nr:
n:cfi rfi erfi urduluErururfl ufi'r{rrfl uodrlfu siont:fl osfiu
fl q r r or rtg rn : : ru ldtudu dn u o vil,
8.5
nr: r{rutron'ln{uttasn:ao n:r{o.:tflrn rirfi dr: r oluqrurudl A o dt , A I q @ ell - ..qYq-.
til u d{,[ 1riluou't.t u{nont:lJ o{nililaJil 10lsq1n5 : il tg tui: ,liluvtflo{Yl'lu
8.6
n r : ao o dor q [ [n R 1 5 er : ? n er :'l l tas R t : rfl r : v ft tuqilTu lt o it
vi r u rfl u a^s 6 r rfl u o d r t8r si o n r : fl o t 6'u fl rg n r o r uq r n : : ru'[d
ludufiqrorviru
8.7
nr: ffooil:ut6ol#nrrrfnnrur{rlolunr:fl osfiufl rym r
olsr1rR:5ilurirJ:vryruuluqrurutosviru rfl uotjrq6caio
n r : fl o rfiu fl ru il rorsq 1 n : : ru ldtu du fi I ol vi ru
8.8
lnnra t::loiartd R'nnilm / i2
fiil?o n. nrddaud?Nm{nuffu:oufi ndtunr:flotffurllqtnoruqlR::N
sit uuvtit }J : otcirnio{l t4 u 1 u / lu "io.tiin
rru ttx u ns riu vi ru rurn fi qor
?flI?et it. rlsrauouuvdul tdtfil
u rnfi orrqrn::rurfiordu dlvirurl:vaunurfi u16ooqilurr'rqnrroiriudru
viruovrJfr rio^srrru{onarru{rqrir.rdrurnfi ourfi ustel
{onarn
Glce'(FG(-6
Ge
o7rGGFr
D@aF
G15"'(FD@a=
l. viru ovrilrt:Jrfi ua{orfiilruqnr:uifi rfi ndu
2. vi ruudtruqfrurffrvr ritiddr:ro rf,ufi
3..9-A
yr 1u uf, {rlfi Enilfl oil?asu (rEiu : tunr:in q) darrur: n6'srsio
tiu rfirn rirddr: r o'ldviu fi
4. virudrrur:nootdrtnognr:afldotjrtrnjuEr
5. yi r u a r ru r: n o or 6 r d rr u^ gil n : : ar t ta s nr : usi s n r ull ot n u #r uld
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rirufi srinurdu rurinordtlrufr sra anr.n. loruqrinuruaanuqfit: zu) t 7 6
E}GCUTIVE ST]MMARY
Introduction
1. Ration and Importance of Problem
Crime is one of the important problems which government must solve, ib tendency is
more violent and higher, affect to the disaster of people's security and assets, including economic
and social crisis of the nation that is effect to people's mind which lead to unpeaceful virtuous
people's life who are not confident is their safety life caused rnany ways of lost, draining stability of
development counfty.
It is government authority to save and confrol crime problem which mainly emphasis
in prevention and police is the government organization to respond the people's safety and assets, in
other word, police's authority is preventing and suppressing crime.
To achieve target and having the most effective in crime prevention and suppression, it
derives from people's cooperation. Emphasizing on people's participation, and having role in
prevention crime, encouraging their safety life.
ln the past, we emphasis in crime suppression more than prevention and study crime
generate from the past, indicating the study of criminal himself, but the fact is, sources of crime
problem have many elements such as injured person, criminal and environment so one and group
should study the cooperation in preventing crime of oneself.
Royal Thai Police Headquarters comrnanded to every trnit relate with community and
mass associative process, in part of the members of crime information project because presently
economics and social crisis has changed drastically. Royal Thai Police Headquarters want every
operating unit to seek the people's cooperation to increase crime prevention and suppression
efficient, also people's security of lives and assets including the service and Royal Thai Police
Headquarters believe that People's acknowledgment and having chance to suggest solving means to
police, it will help the police to solve the right problem and reduce any tendency which is not good
lneia rr:roia:rd Executive Summary / 77
for police's vision, proceeding '?articipation of taxi drivers in crime prevention" and letting every
function which relates with Royal Thai Police Headquarters to be an executor.
The taxi drivers are percon who drive taxi cores to service people by take them to the
other places and receive fare. Drivers will, neither hope in any benefit nor remunerate in prevention
and reliving harm nor the da:nage which happens to people's life or assets or state's, as well as
other natural calamity. In part correlate with crime prevention, the crime information members
participate in accordance with the performing of associative community police, having participate
with police performance supporting project in crime prevention. The participation of taxi drivers in
crime prevention (it is an important 'hir g) and benefit in increasing the effective in crime
prevention of police act.
Huaylarang Distict one of the important area in Bangkok From the reason mentioned
above, the researcher responds in safety of people's life and assets, interested in studying the
participation of taxi drivers in crime prevention which study from ta:ri drivers in Huaylarang
Disfrict, taking this research to use as guideline in amending, improving the execution for taxi
drivers or general public to participate in crime prevention more than it does, which effest to further
people's collective advantage.
2. Research Objectives
The objectives of this study are to study the participation of taxi drivers in crime
prevention and acknowledge problem, obstruction and advise in preventing crime by participation
of taxi drivers.
3. Sampling
334 taxj drivers in Huaykwang were chosen as a sample group for the study. The data
were collected through questionnaires.
riru fi-nin srds uil rin na'utra n a en.l. lorrqrinoruavnuqn'r:sil) / ?8
4. The Factors of Research
4.I Independmtfactors consist of:
4.IJ Personal background factors of crime informations such as gender
age, education, marriage status, income, religion, social status, and a
number of members in familY.
4.I.2 Social background factors such as being a crime victfun, emphasis on
crime problem, tracking down the crime movement, police's
behavior, police's act, and acknowledgment of crime infomrations.
4.2 Dependentfactor is having contibution tani drivers in crime prevention.
5. Concept and Researching Diagram
Personal factors
O Gender
O Age
O Education
O Religion
O lncome
O Social status
O Numberofmember in family
Social factors and environment
factors
O Being criminal victim
O Emphasizing to criminal victim
O Tracking down criminal
movement
O Police's behavior
O Police's act
O Acknowledgment of crime
information
Having participation
of crime prevention
lnma r::roiarld Executive Summry / 79
6. Hypothesis of Research
Personal background of taxi drivers and social factors are the carxies of the different in
approaches in crime prevention of taxi drivers.
7. The ExPected Result
Ta:<i drivers are moderate level for participating in crime prevention in Bangkok.
A summary of Abstract
The research result shows that the level of participation of taxi drivers is high Personal
factors, found to be significantly related (p < 0.01) to participation, \rere crime victim and age.
The social factors emphases on crime problem were found to be correlated with participation in
crime prevention at 0.01 statistical significance. From the research results, It can be seen that
emphasis on crime problem and crime victim relate to participation in crime prevention.
Researching Procedures
The survey is to collect data for using the questions as a studying tool before
constructing a tool in collecting file. Researcher has studied the results, academic documents,
concepts and relating theories including social research method regulation, gtvi"g efficient tools.
Target Citizen and SamPling GrouP
Tareet Citizen
Taxi drivers in Huaylarang District in Bangkok.
SamplingGroup
1. Size of sampling group in this study is detennined by considering the result of the
study which derives from sampling group, when refers to populations, it is the most reliable and
has least error. The size of sampling group is indicated by using table of Krejcie & Morgan from
1,500 populations and estimates the random sampling error at statistical significant of 0.01. The
size of the sampling group should not be lower than 306 persons, this study uses sampling group
rior fi-erinsrds uil rim urdu!?r-nn an.u. (oryqrinoruauqugfit:trt) / 80
of 334 persons because it will have the least mistake and have a reliable analysis, and trustftrl
conclusion refers to populations.
2. Random of sampling group in this research uses a simple rardom sampling by
randomly plucking taxi drivers from sample group is used as sampling unit to this study.
Researching Tool
A set of questionnaires developed used as a tool for collecting infonnations. The
questionnaires were based on literature reviews. Structure of questionnaires can be separated in 3
parts shown as follows.
1. The first part is the question in regard to personal data and social factor of
sampling group such as gender, age, career, income education residing period in
community, social status, being crime victim, emphasis on crime problem, tracking
down crime movement, police's behavior, police's act, and acknowledgment of
crime information.
2. The second part is the question relating to crime confiibution of taxi drivers to
crime prevention-
3. The last part is the question about problem, obstruction, and advise of sarrpling
group to participate in crime prevention.
Data Collection
The Author mentioned the purposes and important of the study, in the beginning of this
chapter. The objective of each question and characteristic of the correct Etnswer brought the
questionnaires to the sampling group, which found in Huaylsrang area. According to the random
sampling group, each questionnaire were carefully verified when the sampling group completed
the questions.
I
t
lncra r::losartd Executive Summary / 8l
Processing
When the data were already collected, data were reorganized then analyzed to get
answers in accordance with the specification of research and hypothetical testing, having stages as
follows:
1. Data editor, fairs person who checks the perfect, correct and unique data.
2. To make the manual, by executing code which specified case identification for all
questionnaires, detennining answer data code and executing code in coding form.
3. To record data which are executed code into diskette by computer then carry on
analysis data.
Analysis of Data
This study analyzedthe data by computer, using built-in statistic program (SPSS/PC+)
and choosing statistic in agreement with a level of variable measurement and hypothetical research
as follows:
t. The characteristic descriptive summarize of sampling Broup, for example; personal
factors and social factors, including the participation of taxi drivers in crime
prevention, using descriptive statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation, etc.).
Hypothetical testing, using analytical statistics as follow: lnferential statistics such
as T-test, F-ratio and ANOVA
The study of the participation of taxi drivers in crime prevention was done by applying
questionnaires to 334 taxi drivers in Huaylarang area. This result of analysis data of sarnpling
group can estimate and extend the research result as follow:
Research Results
t. General characteristic of sampling group. Tw<i drivers in Huaylavangare , mostly
aged 31-40 years old, range of income over 8,001 baht, having primary educationn
spent 1-5 years for carrier, mostly came from north-east. Taxi drivers mostly pay
all attention to crime problems; follow up crime information, which happened in
community, also racking crime moving, and police's act.
I
a
I
2.
I
I
tI
risfi n?nurdu ur,t rinsrdorrTna an.r. lorrgrinouravuuqfirsru) / 82
Participation of taxi drivers in crime prevenlioz. Study results were found that the
level of taxi drivers, participating in crime prevention was high most of sampling
group was unceriain to involve in crime event. But they agreed to oall police or
contact with radio media, which connected to police immediately. Most sampling
group were able to recall the event in the past, dressing of criminal, weapon and
vehicle. Most of sarnpling group was less incomeo having range over 8,000 baht
per month. They were not capable to contribute in crime prevention because lack
of financial support, security equipment, and vehiole.
Discussion
Taxi driven who were different in personal factor, having difference in crime
prevention as well. The results were found that taxi drivers who had different in personal factor,
being different in crime prevention. Sampling group who finished primary school level, having
participation in crime prevention. This is because most of sampling group haS primary education
55.1 percent and most of them have low income. The chance to study in environment that risk to
occur crime is higher, tracking down crime movement always so paying attention to crime
problem which occur in community and having more time to participate in crime prevention.
5.1 Personal Factor
The study indicated that most members in the sampling group are male with
intemrediate education. Most of them are Buddhist and manied, the rests are single. The average
income was 7,797.L9 baht with 5.12 year-experience in uxi driving. Most members were from
Northeast and never experienced in crime scene.
5.2 Social and Environment Factors
Most taxi drivers were the most who concemed the crime problem. This may be
beoause taxi-driving career is more risky than others. Sheffe found that people who concemed in
crime problem, the most, were the most contribution in crime prevention.
Radio tansmitting was found to be the most useful crime information broadcasting for
tori drivers.
I
tlt,
hnra rr:miaxd Executive Summary /83
The relation ship between local police and taxi drivers is moderate. This needs an
urgent improvement so that police can as well receive more crime informationns from taxi drivers
who work on the steet at most of the time.
5.3 Participation of taxi drivers in crime prevention
From the survey information, uncertainties of taxi drivers were also found to have a
great influence on crime reporting. This is because taxi drivers are not confident whether or not
they will act involved or be accused to the crime scene if they reported to police. Thus, they
preferred to report to the radio media who would then forward the report to the police.
Furthermore, uncertainly can be further extended to memory of eyewitness. This needs
to improve by educating the drivers how to monitor and memorize any obvious marks, scars, and
characteristic of criminal.
Although, most taxi drivers are rlady to be eyewitness but they refused to stop the
crime on the scene spot alone.
5.4 Evaluation of Assumptions
The older taxi drivers pay more attention to crime prevention than the younger ones.
This may due to the older taxi drivers have more bad experience in crime scene, and they may
even used to be a victim in the crime scene. Therefore the older ones contribute to the crime
prevention more than the younger ones.
Not only do they participate more to the prevention, they also care for social problem
ocsurred where they live as well as people in the same career.
4v
{4I
ffi
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