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1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433: 202-473-1000:
www.worldbank.org-: [email protected] .
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NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail:
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2009 902
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2012 +18 (#2) 1350 207
2013 +270 (#5, 1- ) 1,620 450
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2015 +277 ( , 1- ) 2,117 400450
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7.987 171.00 1.365.777
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/- () / ()
/( )
380 0.10 38.00
378 0.10 37.80
177 0.13 22.82
935 98.62 14.43
20 0.10 2.00
550 0.15 84.15
234 0.10 23.10
804 109.25 15.99
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. : , - - , . 30 . 50 100 . , .
, , , . .
-
56
, .
. . ( 4.1- ).
. , , . - . , , .
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.
, , , . - 7-8 . 190 13.30-15.20 . . 1
. . , .
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-
57
4.1
40%- . , . 1960- 400 . .
2004 . 2007 , . , .
2008 , . , , . , ( ) .
, 2008 . 400 - . ( ) 2-3
. .
, .
-
58
4.3 2005
2006-2021 . ( ) , . 2021 . ,
.
2007 . , . 4.4- . 1.8 . .
4.4 , 2008-2020
:
, . .
-
59
, 4.4- . 1 2008 300,000 . .
() ( .)
2008-10 230 69
2008-09 329 99
2009 40 12
2011-15 293 88
892 268
4.4
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, . , . . . , . 265 80 . .
4.4 ,
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2 2008 , , .
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, , . , . . 2007 9000 , 15000 . ,
-
60
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:
. . ,
, .
. - . .
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.
, .
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61
5
2012 .
10 3 (#5, , ) 2013-14 .
2012 450 - . 2 ., 670 . .
. :
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o - #5- (300) .
o - #5, - .
2009-2012 550 . 2017 200 . .
. .
, 30- .
5.1 ,
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2001 , , . :
( #2, #3, #4), , 5
().
-
62
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130
- 3,132
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().
(). -
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().
(). ().
. . ,
()
/
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#2 21.5 16.4% 18.0 31 62.2% 23.3%
#3 136 21.0% 107.4 518 49.3% 34.2%
#4 540 14.8% 460.1 1045 52.6% 39.3%
48 18.5% 39.1 181 62.0 28.1%
28.8 22.8% 22.2 120 56.5% 43.8%
5.1 -
: 2007 ,
. , . 2001 76.5% 2007 100% .
, , , () . , .
5.2 -
-
63
. - .
35- .
- :
( - ) 220- . 2009 . - 220- .
2 - , 2012 .
5.2
. 5.1- - . . .
5.1 2007-2020
5.3 - 2007 -
12 631 . - . - 3.5%- .
- (2000-2007 4.0% -) . - . . . 23% .
- . - .
2012 294, 2020 650 . :
2012 ( 200 ) 2016 ( 300 ).
2009 2014 10 . 100 .
-
64
2012 2018 20 . ( 200 ).
, .
. .
.
80,000 10- . , . 120,000 20 .
2020 30- .
-
- , , . 3.0%- . .
5.4 2012-2013
. , 5 (#5), - . 2012 . 2013-2014 .
-
- 647 2007 (631) , . 20 . #4- ( 13% ) .
2002 #2 2005 , #3- 2008, 2011 , - 2013 . - 2006 - #2- 2012 , # 3
2016 , - . #4 2020 . - , 2012 629 , 2016 521 .
- . - 255
-
65
. 2011 . 2012 , .
5
5 ( ) . 2008 7 5 .
300, 700/ . 650 . . 2013 .
2009 1 15 . . #5- .
70 - . 50 116 . , . , .
2010 . ( ) , . .
220 484 . . 2006 300 . . 312 . . 400 . . 2008 , 300 . , .
- , , , . . - , , . 2015 .
- . 100 - 219 . 2000 160 . ( 1600 .) .
-
66
- - - .
, 50-100 - . 2005 55-60 . .
, 5:1 . . - . .
, . 3x150 - , , . , .
650-750 . ( 1500 . ) 30 . .
, . 1.8 .
5.1- . 2013 .
3600 (6 600 )- . 2005 , 2 - . .
2008 , . :
2,976 . ( 827 .).
300 .
13.6 . 3,150 /, .. 40%.
, 2 7 .
1,300 500- - 200- .
-
67
10,800 .
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2012-2013 .
- . . .
2008 , . :
600 , 4,144 ( 79%);
8% 350
. 580./.
. . 1,500 . .
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- 2009 2014 . - 3,5
-
68
. . 390 . 600 . . 35 . . - 2007 45 . . - .
, -
. . .
-
120 , 204000 . 18 / . 2007 130 , (, ) - 38,4 . .
. :
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.
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, .
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1 , . 3 4 , 4-5 . , - , .
2012-13 , #5, - . 2014 - . . #5, , - .
, 2012 . 2009 .
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69
()
( )
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50 $95,000/ 2010 . .
220 $1420/ 2015 . - .
100 $1600/ 2015 . - .
50-100 $1600/ 2012 . , .
450 $1450-1550/ 2012 . . . .
3600-10800 $827/ 2013-2014 . .
600 $580 2014 . . - .
IGCC ()
250 () $600/ 2014-2015 . - . . .
-
255 $204,000/ / ; $18/
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$/ $/k/ $// $/ / $/
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/
300 40 1,240 127 38.0 36.0% 12.0 3,150 5% 32.9
300 40 1,240 127 38.0 36.0% 37.0 3,150 5.0% 52.8
300 40 1,110 114 33.0 33.0% 30.0 5,100 7.6% 37.9
300 40 1,110 114 33.0 33.0% 55.0 5,100 7.6% 51.7
300 40 1,110 114 33.0 33.0% 0.0 5,100 7.6% 21.3
/
150 40 1,500 153 33.0 32.0% 35.0 5,100 7.6% 47.1
150 40 1,500 153 33.0 32.0% 5.0 5,100 7.6% 29.9
( 2012 ). 1 2 . 670 . (35%- ) . #5- 310 . . , .
#5 .
-
71
5.6 , 5.5-
. , 5.2-5.4-
() a () a
() b
($ )
2008 902
2009 902
2010 +50 () 952
2011 952
2012 +416 ( )-
-18 ( #2) 1350 750207
2013 +270 (#5 ) 1,620 450
2015 +220 ( )+277 ( ) 2,117
400450
2016 -107 ( #3) 2,009
2017 2,009
2018 +270 (#5 ) 2,279 450
2019 2,279
2020 2,279
a. . - . . 255 .
5.5
20% . . .
642 , 220- , , 150 - 2012 . 207 . . 150, 220- 640- 375 - 7% .
.
. 2009-2012 550 . . 2013-2017 200 . .
5.2 - ,
5.3 ,
-
72
5.4 , ,
5.7
, , , .
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( )
2015 62 . , 2020 50 . .
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, , 60 .
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. ( 20 ./ ). .
, - . , 2014 , . - - 68 . . - 34 . .
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. 4 .
2016 200- . 2016 . .
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- . 2011-2014 , . 100 .
- . 2013, 2014 - . . .
.
1.2 -
1.3
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74
5.9
:
-
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5
. .
2015 .
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75
6
.
2020 .
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50,000 3 2020 350,000 3 6.1- . . , , 5% .
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-
76
. 5 80,000 . 2008 - 2020 110,000- . 150-180 .
55,000 2015 125,000 , 2020 165,000 . 2015 24,3003 , 2020 30,000
3 - .
,
, , 55,000 6,200 3 . . 6.1- 100-130 . , .
/ 3/ 3/ //
10 1-15 4,000 2,000 15,000 133
18 0.4-27 5,000 3,200 29,000 110
15 1-10 3,500 1,000 10,000 100
6.1.
, . . 95,000, 10-30 1000-3000 3 .
(/)
(2003)
(3/)
, 4 3,400,000 13,600
35 100,000 3,500
35 260,000 9,100
45 120,000 5,400
3,880,000 31,600
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, . 32,000 3 ( 6.2).
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77
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2020 500,000 .
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. 2020 , 15,000 3/ .
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. . . 2020 , , 15,000 3 .
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, , (, , , ) .
, , . , , . ,
-
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1-2%- 50-100- , 680,000-1,370,000 3/ .
, , , 580,0003/ . 1980-1990 , , .
AQUIFER RECHARGE AREA DRY VALLEY PERENNIAL DISCHARGE AREA
very low contemporary recharge rates from exceptional rainfall
events
occaslonal recharge in flash floods
via phneatophytic vegetation
SATURATED ZONE
UNSATURATED ZONE
in adjustment to modem clirmale
present groundwater table scan still be falling
groundwater table
ancient
100-000
1000-10.000
10.000-100.000
10.000
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-
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.
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(200
135,616 60,000115,000
61,233 8,500
89,589111,000
310,616 69,733 199,589
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.
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. 40 60.000 3/ . .
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The Yanacocha Association and Yanacocha Womens Association
. , , RE, - . 1 () , , , , , , . 36 .
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http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2008/20080818_boom/interviews.htm
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