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KAWSAY PACHATA IMASHINA

WAKAYCHINAMANTA

Biodiversidad y Mecanismos para su Conservación

© Corporación de Gestión y Derecho Ambiental ECOLEX

Todos los derechos reservados.

Av. Gaspar de Villarroel E4-50 y Av. Amazonas. Piso 2. Quito, Ecuador.Teléfonos: (593-2) 225 1446, 277 0451Fax: (593-2) 245 4087Correo electrónico: ecolex@ecolex-ec.orgPágina web: www.ecolex-ec.orgQuito – EcuadorNoviembre, 2007

ElaboraciónDANILO GARCÍA CÁCERESGONZALO VARILLAS CUETOESTEBAN FALCONÍ

RevisiónSARASWATI RODRÍGUEZ

TraducciónAlejandro Lema

“Biodiversidad y Mecanismos para su Conservación” ha sido elaborado en el marco delproyecto Capacitación y Coordinación para la Incidencia Política en Conservación y Manejode la Biodiversidad en Riobamba”, ejecutado por la Corporación de Gestión y DerechoAmbiental ECOLEX como parte del Programa BioAndes que en Ecuador coordina laFundación EcoCiencia.

Se puede reproducir este material siempre y cuando se cite la fuente:García, Danilo; Varillas, Gonzalo y Falconí, Esteban. Biodiversidad y Mecanismos parasu Conservación, ECOLEX, Programa BioAndes. Quito, Ecuador, 2007.

Esta publicación ha sido financiada con el auspicio de la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo yla Cooperación COSUDE.

KAWSAY PACHATA IMASHINA

WAKAYCHINAMANTA

Yachaykuna

Rikuchi 4

Umayay I. Kallari yuyaykuna 4

Umayay II. Kawsay pacha: Kawsay pachapi tiyakkunata imashina

wakatchinamata ñankuna. 6

Umayay III. Pachamamapi kawsak tiyakkunamanta kamachikuna. 13

KAMUKUNA 16

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Rikuchi

Runakunaka pachamamapi kawsashpami sapan tukuy tiyakkunawantinkiirishka kan. Shinami kashpami kawsay pachaka runakuna kawsa-napak may mutsurishka kan.

Kay kamuka, kawsay pacha may allí mutsurik kashkatami runakuna-man yachachinata yuyan, shina yachashpa imashina wakaychinatayachachun. Pachamamapi tukuy tiyakkunata ashtawan allí riksishpa,rikuriyashpa wakaychichun, shina pachamamawan may allí kawsaytacharichun.

Umayay IKallari yuyaykuna

Ecuador mamapachaka, may sumak allpakuna-yuk kashpami, tukuysami tiyakkunayuk nishpariksishka kan. Shinami mamapacha allpapikatukuysami yapa wiwakuna, yurakunapash chi-kan chikan kuskakunapi kawsankuna.

Kay mamapachapi tiyakkunata wakaychinkapak-mi, Mamallakta Tantarika, WakaychishkaKuskakunata, ama wakllichinkapakmi wakaychi-na kawpayta wiñachishka, chaymi imashinapachapi tiyakkunata wakaychinata yachachin.

Pachamamapi tiyakkuna chinkarikpika, runakunapakka jatun llakiku-nami tiyanka:

• Pachamamaka, charikyana, amawtay, kawsay yachay, apunchikpiiñina, chakra pukuchina, allí kawsay charina, shukkunatapash,wiñachina ushay pishiyan.

• Sachakunapi , urkukunapi tiyakkunapash chinkarinka, chiri kunukshuktakyashkamanta.

• Yarikay, llankay illak, wakchaypash tiyanka.

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Kawsay pachamanta rimashpaka kay yuyakunatami kaykunatami nin-chik:

Chikan chikan kawsay pachamanta.- yakupi, allpapi, wayrapi kaw-say pachamantami rimanchik

Chikan chikan kawsayukkunamanta.- sapan kawsay pachapimitawka sami kawsayukkunata rikunchik.

Chikan chikan Rikchayachik.- sapan kawsayukkunami, kiwakuna-kashpa, wiwakuna kashpa, runakuna kashpapash kikin rikchayachik-kunatami charinchik.

Mamapachapi tiyakkunata allí rikurayashpa, wakaychishpaka kayku-natami hapinchik:

• Allpapi pukuchinkapak, (silvicultura), wakrakunata wiñachinka-pak, shukkunapakpashmi yanapan.

• Hanpirinkapak, hanpikunata rurankapakpash• Hatun llankay wasikunapi ima llankaykunatapash rurankapak• Pachamapi tiyakkunata rikuy puriykunapak, tiyakkunata wakay-chishpa purikkunapak, runa kawsayta rikuy purikkunapakpash.

• May sumak rikurik pachapash

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Imatak mamapachapitiyakkunaka?Mamapachapi tiyakkuna nis-hpaka, allpapi, wayrapi, yaku-pipash tukuy kawsayuktiyakkunatami riksinhcik, shi-nallatak runakunatapashmiriksinchik, tawka sami kunuk,chiri pachakunapi wiñarishpakawsakkunatami shinakariksinchik

Mamapachapi tiyakkuna-pak kuskakuna

Chikanyay = tawkasamiKawsayay = (kawsay) kaw-sayukkunamanta yachayamawtay.

Shinallatak, karikuna warmikunapashmi pachamamapi tiyakkunawan-ka yanaparinkuna. Pachamamapi tiyakkunata allí wakaychikpika, kayyanapaykunatami kun:

• Yakuta, wayratapash chuyayachin• Allpakuna wakllirita harkan• Allpakuna tikra alliyarita yanapan• Yaku purina pachatapash harkashpa yanapan• Chiri kunuk pachata alliyachin• Shitashka kupakunata ismuchishpa wanuta ruran• Yurakuna mirarichun muyukunata apan

Shinapash pachamamapi tiyakkunaka, utkashpami wakllirishpa kati-kun, maypashkachun llakichikushkamanta.

Ñukanchik allpa pachapika, yakukunapishiyashpa katishkamanta chiri kunukkawsay pachapaka shuktayashpamikatikun, allpapash ashallatami pukuchi-kun. Hawa urkukunapi kawsak wiwaku-napash chinkarishpami katikun, cóndor,uturunku, atukpash mana rikurinchu1.

Shinami rikunchik, kawsay pachapi tiyakkunaka, tukuy kuskakunapi-mi tiyan, shinami tukuy tiyakkunaka runakunawan rantinmanta yana-parinakushpa kawsankuna.

Umayay IIKawsay pacha: Kawsay pachapi tiyakku-nata imashina wakatchinamata ñankuna.

Pachapi tiyakkunata ashtawan alli yachankapak, kawsay pachapi tiyak-kuna imashinalla yanaparinakushpa kawsashkata rikushpa kallarishun.

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1. http://www.paramo.org/aguavida.htm

Shuk kawsay pachaka,kawsayta chariyukkunapu-ra imashina yanaparinku-na, kawsayta mana chari-yukkunawanpash imashinayanaprinakushkatami riku-chin: chiri kunuk pacha-wan, antikunawan, shuk-kunawanpash.

Shina, hawa urku kawsay pachaka yapami mutsurin, chaypimi yakutantarin, wakaychirinpash, shinami yakuka runakuna upianapak, allpa-pi hichankapa, hatun ushayta wiñachinkapakpash yanapan.

Kawsay pachata rikushca katika, kamay shimi rimay ima kashkatamiallí rikuna kanchik.

Kamay, hatun yachaykunata, kawpaykunata, imashina ruray-kunata, ruray ñankunatapash paktachinatami nin, runakunatukuy allpapachapi tiyakkunawan may sumakta kawsachun,mana wakllichispa, ima tiyakkunatapash rikurayashpa, amachinkarichun amashpa, shinallatak sapan tiyakkunapak yana-paykunatapash kamashpa, wakaychishpa charina.2

Shina, kamayta yachayka imashina pachapi tiyakkunata wakaychina-tami yanapan, shinallatak imashina chay tiyakkunawan kawsanata-pashmi yachachin.

Chay kawsay pachapi tukuy tiyakkuna imashina wakllirikukta rikus-

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2. Proyecto de Ley para la Conservación y Manejo Sustentable de la Biodiversidad. Titulo X – Glosario.

hpaka, kawsay pacha llakipi kashkata, tukurinalla, chinkarinalla kas-hkatapshmi yachanchik.

Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (MAE) kamay wasika, kay-kunatami chinkarinalla, wakllirinalla kawsaypachata ni:

• Yawati suyu • Manglar hatun yurakuna • Yakuyuk allpakuna • Chakishka, rumilla allpakuna • Puna Urku allpakuna

Wakllirinalla, chinkarinalla klawsay pacha kakpimi MAE kamaywasika, tawka sami kawpaykunata, ruray yuyaykunata pachama-mapi tiyakkunata wakaychinkapak, alli kamankapak, tikra wiña-chinkapakpash wiñachishka. Kay shina:

Yawati suyu: kay kawsay pachaka achka rikurayayta, runakunakawsayta kamaytapashmi mutsun, shinallatak tarpuy llankaytapas-hmi rikurayana, Yawati suyupi kawsayta yachachina, allpapi tiyak-kunatapash rikurayana ama wakllirichun kamana, kamana wasiku-natapash shayachina.3

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3 Ver: Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, “…en el tercer milenio”, 2006

Manglar hatun yuraku-na: Ministerio deAmbiente llankay wasika,kikin runallaktakunallataktiyashkakunata hapishpa,paykunallatak rikurayas-hpa hatun yurakunatacharina.4

Yakuyuk allpakuna: Ministerio de Ambiente llankay wasika,“Humedales de Interés Internacional Especialmente como Hábitatpara Aves Acuáticas” ari nishpa Killkashkata katishpami llankakun.

Ecuador Mamallaktakachunka shuk (11) kuskaRAMSARtami charin,chaytami kikin llakta runa-kunallatak llankashpa,yakuyuk allpakunata,tiyakkunatapash rikura-yashpa kawsachunkuna.5

Chakishka rumilla allpa-kuna: Kay kawsay pacha-

taka, achkatami rikurayashpa, kmashpa charina, allpakuna amawakllirichun, yurakunata mana pitishpa, allpapi tiyakkunatapashmana maypashkachun hapishpa, chinkarinalla kawsayukkunata-pash kamashpa, ashtawan mirarishpa katichun, yakutapash mut-sushkallata hapishpa, purikkunapash chayachun.6

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4 Ibid.5 Ibid.6 Ibid.

Puna Urku allpakuna: kaykuska allpakunaka, ashtawankaruna llaktakuna,kawsayta, runa-kunapak tantarita kawsaytapas-hmi yanapan, shinallatak yakutiyayta, allpakuna pukuchita,murukuna pukuytapashmiyanapan.7

Ñawpa kawsay pachamanta,inkakunapak kawsay pacha-manta, hatun allpakuna tiyaypachamanta, kishpiri pachaman-ta, huasipunkupi kawsaymata, kunan kawsay pachakamanmi kayallpakunaka allí kawsayta kun, shinapash achkasami yurakuna,wiwakunaka wakllirishpa katimukun, maypashkachun hapishpala-manta.8

Ecuador Mamallaktaka, pacha kawsaymantaka, yakumanta, allpa-manta, tantarimantapash tawka kamachikunatami charin, shinallatakruna llaktakunapash kikin kamaykunatami charinkuna. Shina kashpa-pash, tukuykuna mana riksishkamantami llakikuna, wakllichikuna, tan-

tarikunapash wakllirin.

Wiñay kawsaymanta asharimay:

Puna urcupi kawsak kari – warmirunakunapak ñawpa pachaman-ta yachaykunami kutin tikra wiña-rishpa katishka. España mishu-kuna shamushkamantami chaysumak pachamamapi tiyakkuna-

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7 Ibid.8 Este análisis ha sido elaborado sobre la base del texto “Acceso a los páramos, normas legales acto-res y conflictos” elaborado por el Consorcio CAMAREN. Quito. 2002.

wan kawsay yachayka wakllirishka, runa llaktakunaka tallirirka, kaw-saypash chinkarinallami tukurka, shinallatak ñawpa runakunapak all-pakunatapash tukuy mishukunaka kichurkakuna.

Tarpuykunapika mushuk mana riksishka kiwakunatami tarpurkakuna,shinallatak kaykunata kamanatapash yachachirka, mana riksishkawiwakunatapashmi apamurkakuna, chaykunami runakuna ñawpacharishka llamakunapak, alpakakunapakpash rantin churarkakuna.

Shina kashpami ishkay chunka patsakyay (siglo XX) kallarimanta,runakunaka paykunapak allpakunamanta, allpakunata kamanamanta,hayñikunata tikra hapinata kallarirkakuna.

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Puna urku kawsay pachapi tiyakkunawan, runakunawankapunchantami apanakushpa, mashiyarishpa kawsankuna.Runa llaktakunaka Puna Urku chiri allpakunapimi ñawpapachamanta kawsankuna, shinami chay kawsay pachamantayachaykunata, allpakunata imashina rikurayanatapashyachankuna.

Chay yachaykunatami kunan pachaka tikra sinchiyachina, shinalla-tak Kiti llakaykunapipash churana, pachamamapi tiyakkunatawakaychinkapak.

Pachamamapi tiyakkunata imashina kamymanta, wakaychina-mantapash.

Imashinami ñawpa yachaypi rikushkanchik, runakunaka tukuy pacha-mamapi tiyakkunawanyanapanakushpamikawsankuna, chay-mantami allí makas-hpa, rikurayashpacharina kan. Shinakakpipash runakuna-pak kawsay wakchallakawsay kashpamiwakllichiman apanlla.

Shina kashkamantami,pachamamapi tiyakkunata alli kamankapak hatun ruray yuyayku-nata, rurana ñankunatapashmi wiñachina, pachamamapi tiyakku-na ama wakllirichun, ashtawanpash pachapi tiyakkuna runakuna-pak kawsaypi yanapachunmi wakaychina. Chayta paktachinka-pakka, kay ruraykunatami minkanchik:

• Pachamamapi tiyakkuna, allpakuna runakunapak kawsaypi imas-hina yanapakta allí yachana.

• Mamallaktapak llankak wasikunata ashtawan sinchiyachina,pachamamapi tiyakkunata harkachun.

• Tukuy runa llaktakunata allí yachachina, pachamamapi tiyakkuna-ta wakaychinata kas-hkata yachachun, shi-nallatak tukuykunamay sumak mutsuriku-na kashkatapashyachachunkuna.

• Tukuykuna tantallallankana, pachamama-ta alli yupaychshpa

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Umayay IIIPachamamapi kawsak tiyakkunamantakamachikuna

Pachamamapi kawsayukkunata kamankapakka, tawka kamachikuna-mi tiyan, shinami pachamamapak hayñikunata, runakuna kimirina,pachamamapi tiyakkunata allí kamashpa kawsana hayñikutapashmiriksin.

Kay hayñikunami pachamamapi tiyakkunawan imashina kamanata,kawsanatapash yachachin, shinallatak imakunata ruranata, iamatamana ruranatapash riman.

Kay kamachikunaka kikin mamapachapi, shuktak mamapachapipas-hmi tiyankuna, shinapash Ecuador kikin mamallaktallapi, shuktakmamallaktakunapiash ari nishkakuna.

MAMALLAKTAKUNAPU-RA ARI NINAKUSHKAKILLKA KAMACHI

Pachapi chikan chikankawsayukkunamanta arininakushpa killka kamachi:kay killkaka imshina tawkarunakuna, ayllullaktakuna,

kikin tantarikunapash, ñawpa pachamanta, pachamampi tiyakkuna-wan kawsashkatami riksin. Shinami imashina pachapi kawsayukkuna-manta purina ñanta wiñachin, shinallatak ima llakaykunata ruranka-pakpash runakunata tapunamanta.

Pachamapak Runakunamanta, OIT MamallaktakunapuraTantarishpa ari ninakushpa N.- 169 killkashka Kamachi. KayMamallaktakunapura ari ninakushpa killkashka kamachika, tukuyMamallktakuna, runakunapak hayñita wakaychinkapak, kamak wasi-kuna, charishkakuna, kawsay yachaykuna, runakunapak alli kawsay

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pachapash ama wakllirichun, chay ruray ñankuna, kamaykunapashrunakuna yuyashka munashka shina wakaychirichun.

Shinalltakmi, Mamallaktakuna ari ninakushpa killkashka kamachika,tukuy Apukkunaka runakunata tapunatakmi kan ninmi, chay tapuyku-

nataka allí ñankunawan, imahayñikunata, kamachikunatarurankapak wiñachinkapak-pash paykunapak kikin pus-hakkunata, kamay wasikunapitantarishkatapashmi tapuchunnin, paykunapak kawsaytaama wakllichinkapak.

Agenda 21. Capítulo 15:Conservación de laDiversidad Biológica: Kay arininakushpa killakashka kama-

chika, Mamapachapi tiyakkunata wakaychichun, runakunapak ñawpapachamanta yachay, amawtaykunatami ashtawan sinchiyachichunnin, shinallatak warmikunapash ashtawan kay llankaykunapi kimiri-chunmi Apukkunataka riman.

MAMAPACHAPAK KAMACHIKKUNA

Mamapachapak Hatun Kamachi:Kunanlla ari nishpa killkashkaMamapachapak Hatun Kamachika,achkanyay runakunapak pachama-mapi tiyakkunata paykunapak kikinallpakunapi tiyakkunata, hapina,kamana, wakaychinatapash hayñi-tami, Mamallakta Tantarika ari nis-hpa riksina ninmi, paikunapak hayñikashkamanta.

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Shinallatak kayshuk hayñika runakunapak hanpi yachaykuna-mantami riman, ashtawanka paykunapak apunchikta iñina, ushaytahapina kuskakunata, hanpi kiwakunata, wiwakunata, antakunata,chukikunata, shinallatak pacha kawsaytapashmi riksin, runakunapakkawsaypak kashkamanta.

Pachamamapi Wakaychishka, Pipash manarak chayashka kus-kakunamanta Kamachiymi kan. Kay kamachika wakaychishkaallpa kuskakunata, hatun sachakunata alli wakaychinamantami riman,shinallatak Mamallakta Tantari mushuk hayñikunata wiñachichunminin. Shinallatak alli kamashpa, wakaychishpa charikpika imatapash

karachunmi nin.

Pachama Kamay Kamachiy.-Kay kamachika imashina kaw-say pachata rikurayanamantañantami rikuchin, shinallatakmaykankunallatak rikurayanakashkata, kikiyashka, achkan-yashkakunapash, imashinapachata kamanatami rikuchin,harkanata, wakllichikkunatawanachinatapashmi rikuchin.9

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9 Ley de Gestión Ambiental, art. 1.

Kamukuna

• Morales, Manuel, Biodiversidad y Propiedad Intelectual, ProyectoSUBIR –CARE, 1999.

• CARE, ECOLEX y PSUR, Guía de los derechos Indígenas sobrelos Recursos Naturales en Ecuador, 2003.

• CONAIE, Reporte Anual, 2005.• Convenio Constitutivo del Fondo para el Desarrollo de los PueblosIndígenas de América Latina y el Caribe.

• Consorcio CAMAREN, Acceso a los páramos, normas legalesactores y conflictos. Quito. 2002.

• Ministerio del ambiente del Ecuador, cartilla…en el tercer mile-nio, 2006.

• Consorcio CAMAREN. Acceso a los páramos, normas legales,actores y conflictos, Quito, 2002.

• Piedra Jorge, Silva Juan. Gestión y Conservación de MedioAmbiente, CODEU, 2000.

• PNUD, PNUMA, Banco Mundial y WRI. Recursos Mundiales2000-001. La gente y los ecosistemas: se deteriora el tejido de lavida. 2003.

• Recursos mundiales 2000 – 2001. La gente y los ecosistemas: sedeteriora el tejido de la vida. PNUD, PNUMA, Banco Mundial yWRI. 2003.

• Proyecto de Ley para la Conservación y Manejo Sustentable de laBiodiversidad.

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