Chuong 1 Free

7/22/2019 Chuong 1 Free

1/11

Gio tr nh dy nghHa vin kin trc txa Chng 1

[email protected] 0123.30.11.860 1

Mc ch chng:

+ Hiu c cc khi nim c bn.

+ p dng lnh tt ch nh v.

+ T duy hnh hay ni cch khc l nhn hnh chn lnh.

+ S dng nhuyn 30 lnh ngh.

Chng 1.1: CC KHI NIM C BN

A- V hnh bt k trn mn hnh

v hnh bt k trn mn hnh ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:

1- G tn lnhnhn phm spacebar(hay cn gi l : gi lnh)

2 -Chn im mc (u) bng cch click chut ln mn hnhhoc nhp ta @x,yhocbt im

3- Nhp tip cc im tip theo tng t nh bc 2 (ty theo lnh)B-Khi nim zoom & pan

- Panhnh (bn v): khi ta nhn gi nt chut gia v r.

- Zoomhnh (bn v): khi ta ln nt chut gia

+ G Z-spacebar, dng chut khoanh vng cn phng

+ G Z-spacebar ->A-spacebar (E-spacebar) zoom ton mn hnh

C- Chn i tng& cch dng lnh

- Click chut vo i tng chn (nhn Ctrl chn thmv nhn Shift b btitng)

- Qut chut chn:

+ Qut t tri qua: chn cc i tng nm trongkhung qut

+ Qut t phi qua: chn cc i tng khung qut i qua.

- Spacebar(enter, phi chut, esc) kt thc lnh.

- Spacebar (enter, phi chut) gi lnh trc .

- Sau khi gi lnh ta dng tham s P(g P+spacebar t bn phm) chn cc i tng

trc .Lu : Ta c th gi lnh trc xong chn i tng hay chn i tng trc xong gilnh.

Tham kho thm y : http://www.cadviet.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=201

D- Bt im

- Trong qu trnh v ta nhn shift+phi chut gi bng bt im.


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1-im cui

2-im gia

3-im tm

4-im nt

5-im 1/4

6-im giao

7-im ko di

8-im chn

9-im vung gc

10-im tip xc

11-im gn nht

12- Dng trong 3D

13-im song song

E- Layer

- Trong cc bn v Autocad, cc i tng c cng chc nng c nhm thnh 1 layer(lp). V d: Tng, ca, vt dng,...

- Mc ch: qun l i tng

- Mi layer c cc thuc tnhring nh: mu sc, kiu nt (linetype), dy nt(lineweight),...

Vn kh khn cho ngi mi hc Cad l: nhlnh. gii quyt vn ny ta gnlnh tt cho cc lnh gc ca Acad v d nhin l ta phi thuc lng blnh tt ny.


3/11



Chng 1.2:LNH TT

- L nhng lnh gc ca Acad c ngi dng t litn cho dsdng (dnh).Quy tc t lnh tt:- Lnh dng nhiu- Nhng chci pha bn tri (tay tri g lnh)- Dnh(1 chci hoc 2 chci trng)

- File tham kho: acad.pgp (file nh km C1.2.1)- Cch chp file lnh tt ca ngi khc: Tm th mc support v chp lnh tt cangi khc vo (p dng cho ngi cha t lnh tt)


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Nu sdng Win XPth click vo mi tn ly ng dn n th mc Support

- Chp file acad.pgp


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- Nu sdng Win 7th click vo ng dn Ctrl+C v paste vo trnh duyt explorer nth mc Support

- Chp file acad.pgp


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- Cch tto (thm) lnh tt(p dng cho ngi mun update lnh tt)+ Bc 1: nh trn+ Bc 2: copy (lnh gc) ri sa tn lnh

-lnh tt c hiu lc ta g REINIT-spacebar

Chng 1.3: CC LNH TO HNH & HIU CHNH(Lu : ta chhc chc nng c bn ca lnh, cc thng sca lnh tm thi ta cha quantm)

1- PL (V) : Lnh va tuyn gm cc on thng v cc cung trn+ G V-spacebar+ Click chut hoc nhp ta im u tbn phm hoc shift chut phi bt im sovi i tng khc.+ Click chut hoc nhp ta im tip theotbn phm hoc shift chut phi btim so vi i tng khc.+ Spacebar kt thc lnh.


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2- C: Lnh vng trn+ G C-spacebar+ Click chn tm ng trn+ Ko chut bt im hoc nhp bn knh tbn phm

3- REC (R) : Lnh vhnh chnht+ G R-spacebar

+ Click chut hoc nhp ta im gc th1tbn phm hoc shift chut phi btim so vi i tng khc.+ Click chut hoc nhp ta im gc th2tbn phm hoc shift chut phi btim so vi i tng khc.

4- U: Lnh quay li vi trng thi trc khi dng lnh cui cng+ G U-spacebar: tng tCtrl+Z

5- E: Lnh xa i tng+ Chn i tng cn xa+ G E-spacebar

6- O: Lnh to mt ng song song vi mt ng c sn+ G O-spacebar+ Nhp khong cch song song (c thdng chut xc nh khong cch)+ Chn i tng+ Click vpha cn to i tng mi song song

7- TR: Lnh ct i tng bng mt i tng khc+ G TR-spacebar+ Chn cc i tng chn+ (hoc g TR-spacebar-spacebar chn tt cl i tng chn) (thng dng khi ta

khng quan tm n i tng chn)+ Chn cc i tng cn ct+ Spacebar kt thc lnh

8- EX: Lnh ko di mt i tng chm mt i tng khc+ G EX-spacebar+ Chn i tng chn+ Chn (na u) i tng cn dui

9- F: Lnh bo trn hai i tng bng mt cung trn, khi cung trn c bn knh bng 0 thhai i tng chm nhau

+ G F-spacebar+ Chn tham sR nhp bn knh bo+ Ln lt click vo 2 cnh cn bo

10- TRACE (TT) : Lnh von thng c dy+ G TT-spacebar+ Nhp dy-spacebar+ Click chn im th1 on thng+ Click chn im th2 on thng-spacebar


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Chng 1.4: CC LNH BIN I V SAO CHP(Lu : ta chhc chc nng c bn ca lnh, cc thng sca lnh tm thi ta cha quantm)1- M: Lnh di chuyn i tng sang mt vtr mi+ Chn cc i tng (cn di chuyn)+ G M-spacebar

+ Bt im i tng mun di chuyn+ Bt im tip nicn t i tng2- CO (CC) : Lnh sao chp cc i tng+ Chn cc i tng (cn sao chp)+ G CC-spacebar+ Bt im i tng mun sao chp+ Bt im tip ni cn t i tng

3- RO (RT) : Lnh quay cc i tng quanh mt im+ Chn cc i tng (cn quay)+ G RT-spacebar

+ Chn im chun v nhp gc quay-spacebar(sdng: ngc chiu kim ng h; sm: cng chiu kim ng h)

4- SC: Lnh thu phng cc i tng+ Chn cc i tng (cn thu, phng)+ G SC-spacebar+ Chn im chun v nhp hs-spacebar (>1: phng;


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Chng 1.5: CC LNH O KCH THC

1- DLI (4) : Lnh to mt i tng dim nm ngang hoc ng+ G 4-spacebar+ Bt im (ln lt im th1, im th2) i tng cn o+ R chut ra mn hnh click (dng chc nng bt im t cho ng )

2- DCO (5) : Lnh to mt i tng dim lin tc+ G 5-spacebar-spacebar+ Chn dim cn o tip+ Bt im tip cc i tng cn o tip.

3- DAL (6) : Lnh to mt i tng Dim thng, theo hng bt k+ G 6-spacebar+ Bt im (ln lt im th1, im th2) i tng cn o+ R chut ra mn hnh click (dng chc nng bt im t chong )

4- DRA: Lnh to mt i tng dim nh bn knh ca ng trn hoc cung trn+ G DRA-spacebar+ Click chn ng cn o+ R chut ra mn hnh click.

5- DAN: Lnh to mt i tng dim nh gc mca 2 on thng+ G DAN-spacebar+ Click chn ln lt cnh th1, cnh th2+ R chut ra mn hnh click.

Chng 1.6: CC LNH N/HIN LAYER

1- LAYOFF (1) : Lnh n layer c chn (i tng thuc layer sbn theo)+ G 1-spacebar+ Click chn i tng c layer cn n

2- LAYISO (2) : Lnh gili layer c chn (cc i tng thuc layer khc sbn)+ G 2-spacebar+ Click chn i tng c layer cn g ili

3- LAYON (3) : hin thtt ccc layer (bn)+ G 3-spacebar


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Chng 1.7: CC LNH KHC1- MA (MM): Lnh sao chp thuc tnh (layer, text, hatch,...)+ G MM-spacebar+ Chn i tng 1 (c thuc tnh cn sao chp)+ Chn cc i tng cn chp thuc tnh-spacebar

2- LE (GC): Lnh to ng ghi ch+ G GC-spacebarS-spacebar to ng ghi ch khng gii hn v u mi tn

+ Vng ghi ch

3- T: Lnh to text nhiu dng+ G T-spacebar+ Click vo mn hnh, rchut ra gc i din click+ Nhp vn bn -> click chn OKDT: Lnh to text 1 dng+ G DT-spacebar+ Click vo mn hnh+ Nhp chiu cao ch-spacebar-spacebar+ Nhp vn bn+ Click ra mn hnh-nhn esc- Double click vo text chnh sa

(Lu : sau ny khi lm vic vi text ta copy text tfile form chun)

4- XL: Lnh to ng thng+ G XL-spacebar+ V-spacebar: To ng thng phng ng+ H-spacebar: To ng thng phng ngang+ Click 2 im bt kto ng thng theo phng bt k- Lu : c thdng lnh RAY(lnh to 1/2 ng thng) thay thlnh XL


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5- Wipeout (W): Lnh che mt min trong bn v+ G W-spacebar+ Click chn ln lt cc im l nh ca min che.+ Nu bn c sn polyline khp kn th nhn P-spacebar.+ Chn polyline c sn. Ta sc min che trng vi polyline .

6- Draworder (DR): Lnh thay i ththin thcc i tng nm trng vtr.+ G DR-spacebar+ Chn i tng cn thay i tht-spacebar (text, hnh,...)+ Chn tht-spacebar

Kt thc Chng 1 cc bn sdng c 30 lnh cn thit phc vcng tc trinkhai, trong qu trnh lm vic chng ta shc tip cc lnh nng cao khc. Trong thi gianny cc bn phi thng xuyn luyn v(thao tc lnh) cho nhuyn v 30 lnh trn cxem nh l cng cchng ta hnh ngh. Quthi gian tt nht chng ta thc hnhbi tp mi ngy ti thiu l4h.

Mine: "Mt ngi thgii l 1 ngi thsdng cng cgii trong nhiu nm"

Ht Chng 1

Cu hi n tp:

-2 ln dim cch nhau 1 khong th dim nh thno?

- Ti sao ta phi t lnh tt?

- Ti sao chng ta chhc 30 lnh, m khng phi l 20, 40, 50 lnh?

- Lnh solid c ththay thlnh no trong 30 lnh trong Chng 1?

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