Ky Thuat Cam Bien

8/17/2019 Ky Thuat Cam Bien

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Kỹ thuật cảm biến

Bai 1KHAI NIÊ M CƠ BN V CAC BÔ CM BIN.

1. Khai niê m cơ bn v cac bô cm bin

Cm biên – sensor !"#$ %&'$ $( )&* +sense, n-&/ 0a -i') "/n – 2o 34 n4n&5 )') -i') "/n $ron- )6 $&7 )on n-58i. N&8 )m biên ma m9)& 3i: n; &: $& r"n- 3> n-. Lo 05Gn- 358n- $ron-m'". Cm biên s4n- si:" =m;Mi])ro. Lo 3> )^n; $&iê$ bD )mn&= n &R -/.

Cm biên 0a $&iê$ bD 2Zn- 37 )m n&_n biên 3i )') 39i 05Gn- E_$ 0` Ea )')39i 05Gn- &>n- )4 $Rn& )$ 3in )Tn 3o $&an& )') 39i 05Gn- 3in )4 $&7 3o Ea! 0`35G). C') 39i 05Gn- )Tn 3o mc $&58n- &>n- )4 $Rn& )$ 3in n&5 n&i$ 3d; '%s"#$...c $') 3dn- 0:n )m biên )&o $/ md$ 3) $r5n- sc m/n- $Rn& )$ 3in n&53in $R)&; 3in '%; 2fn- 3in &o) $r\ &'n-c )&S/ 3n- $&>n- $in )&o %&X% !')3Dn& -i' $rD )/ 39i 05Gn- 3o. L) $r5n- sc 0a &am )/ 39i 05Gn- )Tn 3o mc s

g hmc

Phm vi ưng dung: C>n- n-&i% N-&i:n )S" &o/ &W). M>i $r58n-; &R $5Gn-. ?&>n- $in Ein $&>n-. N>n- n-&i%. =n 2jn- ki/o $&>n-. Vl $rj "=n s

1


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2. Phân loi cm binC') bd )m biên 35G) %&=n 0o9i $&eo )') 3) $r5n- )6 bn s/" [email protected] Tho ng!"ên l# ch!"$n %&i gi'( )*ch +h*ch v, %a- ưngHin $5Gn- E_$ 0`] N&i$ 3in] "/n- 3in] "/n- $(] Lin $(] "/n- 3an &^i] ?( 3in] N&i$ $(...Hin $5Gn- &o' &W)] Biên 3i &o' &W)] Biên 3i 3in &o'] &=n $R)& %& ...] Biên 3i sin& &o'Hin $5Gn- sin& &W) ] Biên 3i E_$ 0`] Hi" Sn- $r:n )6 $&7 s


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] V_n $n- s"#$ $i:" $&j] i $Tn] Ld $r] K& nJn- "' $i] ?


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=,i 2>?@ =ABC CDAET FG

A. KABC TDH> IJ TDLBT1.Fi cMơng:

1.1. Th(ng %o nhi8+ %:Thang Kelvin ?&omson Ke0Ein – 1wOxc ?&/n- n&i$ 3d 3dn- &W) $"@$

3i $r58n- 3o Ea )m biên. ?"@ n&i:n; 2on&iF" n-"@:n n&=n; n&i$ 3d )m biên &>n- b/o -i8 39$ $i n&i$ 3d m>i$r58n- ?!; 2o 34 $^n $9i md$ )&:n& 0)& n&i$ 3d ?! ] ?) n$ 3Dn&. Ld )&Rn&!') )/ %&X% 3o %&j $&"d) Eao &i" s< ?! ] ?) ; &i" s< na@ )an- bX; 3d )&Rn&!') )/ %&X% 3o )an- )/o. M"i $r58n- 3o. ] kim s $r/o 3i n&i$ -i*/ bd )m biên Ea m>i $r58n- b:n n-oai. C&Qn- $/ &•@ &o s'$ $r58n- &G% 3o bpn- )m biên $iê% !Q). q5Gn- n&i$$r"@Fn $( m>i $r58n- Eao bd )m biên !') 3Dn& $&eo )>n- $&S) 2 g €{?! ?) c2$Vi € ] & s< 2n n&i$.{ ] 2in $R)& bF m$ $r/o 3i n&i$.? ] $&8i -i/n $r/o 3i n&i$. q5Gn- n&i$ )m biên % $&j 2 g mC2?)

4


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Vi m ] &


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Hn& x.1 L58n- 3) $"@ên 0am Ei) )/ ?u L58n- 3) $"@ên )/ ?u )&i/ 0am z EZn-] VZn- n&i$ 3d $% ƒ?{ -iR! +o %N! d; nhi8+ ST

u? 35G) sn !"#$ $( )') E_$ 0i" )4 n&i$ 3in $r\ 256n-; %& biên n$ 0a 3^n-;ni)e0; &G% im sU$] ni)e0; Von…r/m; b9)& im. ?"@ n&i:n; b9)& im 35G) !em 0a)&Rn& !') n$; n 3Dn& n$ Ea )4 $&7 3o n&i$ 3d 0:n 3ên 1x}}oh. &9m Ei n&i$ 3d

0am Ei) )/ n4 )ln- )/o &6n Ni)e0; 3^n-; &G% im sU$ – nie0. N-oai r/ s $&/@ 3i$r\ &'n- $&eo n&i$ 3d )/ n4 $"@ên $Rn& n$Tên vU+ li8! Phm vi nhi8+ % l,m vi8c

B9)& im ]|O}°h 3ên 1x}} °h Ni)e0 ]1O}°h 3ên ~}} °hL^n- ]1}}°h 3ên z}} °h

H6% im sU$† ni)e0 zx°h 3ên |}} °hBn- x.1 V_$ 0i" )&ê $9o u?

C') E_$ 0i" 3^n-; ni)e0; &G% im sU$†ni)e0 )ln- 35G) 2Zn- 37 0am u?; n&5n-&T" &ê$ )&Qn- 3F" )4 -i' $&an& $% Ea 35G) s 2jn- $ron- )') Sn- 2jn- &>n- 3fi&[i @:" )T" )/o.

‡ L$ $Rn& )/ %0/$in Ea ni)e0 - Platin :

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+ Có thể chế tạo !i "# tinh $hiết %&t cao '(()(((* ,o "ó tn."# ch/nh 0cca cc t/nh ch&t "in + Có t/nh t% m7t ho h8c 9 t/nh n ";nh c&u t%


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Hn& x.~ u? C#" &n& | [email protected] Hng dungˆ 2jn- %& biên n$ 0a u? )#" &n& z 2=@. u? )4 n&iF" Sn- 2jn-; 3o 35G)

n&i$ 3d )/ )$ 0[n-; bF m$ E_$; )') 2fn- &R. u? 0a 0o9i $&iê$ bD $&j 3dn-; &i s2jn- )Tn )4 n-"^n )"n- )#%.

(


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?ron- )>n- n-&i%; u? $&58n- 35G) s 2jn- ê$ &G% Ei )') bd &i7n $&D n&i$3d Con$ro00erc )/ )') &•n- {"$oni)s; Hone@e00;‘ )') bd )&"@7n 3i$r/nsmi$$erc &o) 35G) n


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. >m bin nhi8+ ban d]n:.1 >m bin nhi8+ ban d]n vQi vU+ li8! 3ilic VîZ:z.1.1 C#" $9oqam $( )') 0o9i )$ b'n 2n $&58n- 0a Uilic tinh $hiết ho7c "n

tinhz.1.x N-"@:n 0`ˆ %&=n )) )/ )') )$ b'n 2n bD n& &5\n- b\i n&i$ 3d.î0i) $in& &iê$ &o) 36n $in& $&7 si0i) )4 & s< n&i$ 3in $r\ =m.ˆ $&/@ 3i

3in $r\ s"#$ $&eo n&i$ 3d )/ î %&j $&"d) Eao n^n- 3d %&/ $9% 2n $i s<2in $R)& $ 2oc Ea Eao n&i$ 3d. o E_@; )4 $&7 %&=n r/ x miFn n&i$ 3d. 5i1x}}C; & s< n&i$ 3d )/ 3in $r\ s"#$ 256n- n-&/ 0a 3in $r\ s"#$ $Jn- $&eon&i$ 3d. o 3d $"@ên $Rn& &9n )&ê ma 2i n&i$ 3d Sn- 2jn- )/ 3in $r\ î 0a] O} 3ên 1x}} C.

?r:n &on- 1x}} C; & s< n&i$ 3in $r\ )/ î 0a =m Ea 3d $"@ên $Rn& Xm&6n. ?ron- EZn- n&i$ 3d $r:n 1x}}C $& & s< n&i$ 3in $r\ &>n- %&j $&"d)Eao mS) 3d %&/ $9%.

z.1.z ‹" – n&5G) 3i7m] ‹" 3i7m uŽ $iFn; 2 )&ê $9o; 3d n&9@ )/o; )&n- &R; 2Zn- $ron- )') $&iê$ bD 3o; bo E )') m9)& 3in $..2 A> cm bin nhi8+ %Cm biên n&i$ b'n 2n 0a n&*n- 0o9i )m biên 35G) )&ê $9o $( n&*n- )$

b'n 2n. C4 )') 0o9i n&5 io2e; ?r/nsis$or; IC. N-"@:n 0` )/ )&Qn- 0a 2/$r:n mS) 3d %&=n )) )/ )') 0% ]N $"@ên $Rn& Ei n&i$ 3d m>i $r58n-. N-a@ n/@ Ei s %&'$ $ri7n )/ n-an& )>n- n-& b'n 2n 3• )&o r/ 38i r#$n&iF" 0o9i )m biên n&i$ Ei s $R)& &G% )/ n&iF" 5" 3i7m Ld )&Rn& !') )/o;)&n ) )&"n$r"@Fn $&>n- IxC ˆ1wBx} c m\ r/ md$ !" &5n- mi $ron- + $&ê -ii )m

biên,.

11


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IC cảm biến nhiệt DS18B20IM! # )hi 34 dung:] V 35G) )&ê $9o $( )') $&an& %&Tn b'n 2n n:n )m biên n&i$ B'n n

Xm bFn; &>n- )&D" n&i$ 3d )/o. Nê" E5G$ n-5‚n- bo E )4 $&7 0am &[n-)m biên.

] Cm biên b'n 2n mi 0o9i )& $"@ên $Rn& $ron- md$ -ii &9n nao 34; n-oai2i na@ )m biên sŽ m#$ $') 2jn-. Hê$ sS) "/n $=m 3ên $Tm 3o )/ 0o9i )m

biên na@ 37 39$ 35G) s )&Rn& !').] qo9i )m biên na@ Xm )&D" 3n- $ron- m>i $r58n- &U) n-&i$ ’m )/o;

&4/ )$ )4 $Rn& Jn mfn; r"n- s


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A.Giới thiệu Module cảm biến nhiệt đ!

“OC”

HEATER

TEMPERATURE BATH

Con$ro0 o"$%"$

{0/rm o"$%"$

M x M i!er M1h/n

Œ“u ˆq—

Bin& -i/ n&ie$

Bo 2ie" &ien ] &ien $&i n&ie$ 2o

?&>n- s< ˜ $&"_$

Module bnh gi! nhiệt

- ?&7 $R)& bn& x.~0

] L58n- Rn& bn& ™1O} mm] Ki7" -i/ n&i$ x )&iF" 09n& Ea n4n-; )&o %&X% 3iF" )&n& š? g ~O 3d C;

)&o %&X% 3iF" )&n& n&i$ 3d !"i $r58n-.

] qam m'$ i7" 3n- s"#$ "9$ 0am m'$ z.OŒ] C>n- s"#$ bd -i/ n&i$ z}}Œ] C') 3T" Eao † r/ t ?Rn &i" )/ )m biên n&i$ 3d t ?Rn &i" 3iF" &i7n bd -i/ n&i$ t ?Rn &i" 3iF" &i7n "9$ 0am m'$] ?&>n- s< )m biên n&i$ 3d

t i 3o )/ )m biên } › |}} 3d C t Ki7" )m biên ?]1}}

13


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Module b" hi#n th$ % &i'u (hi#n nhiệt &"

] Lin '% &o9$ 3dn- {Cxx}V;O}Hœ] Ki7" &i7n $&D qe2 y $&/n&] C') $&/m s< &i7n $&D 356)

t N&i$ 3d &in $&8i t N&i$ 3d 3$ !"


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TC LiF" &i7n n&i$ 3d I2< ˆ< )&* s N-‰ r/ 2fn- |]x}m{Cc

2. Thông 36 ) +h!U+

N-"^n )"n- )#% 1}}]x|}V{C O}†~}HœC>n- s"#$ $i:" $&j OV{C')& $&S) &i7n $&D Hi7n $&D bpn- q“ y $&/n& ki' $rD ! 0` Vc

ma" 3[; -i' $rD )ai 3$ ˆVc ma" !/n&.KR)& $&5) )&* V Œy.wžH11mm

ˆV ŒO.wžHwmm N-‰Eao

C/n n&i$ K C{c; ICc; uuc; “Cuc; ?CCc; ̂uc; NNNc; Œ??c ƒs/i s< 3in $r\ 0n n$ $r:n358n- 2=@ 1}}Ÿ )&o mi 2=@„

u? $1}}Ÿ; Iˆ $1}}Ÿ; 0o9i z 2=@ ƒs/i s< 3in $r\0n n$ $r:n 358n- 2=@ OŸ )&o mi 2=@„

{n/0o- 1]OVC; }]1}VC; |]xm{C N-‰ r/ ue0/@ xO}V{C z{ 1)

ˆˆu 1xVC ¡zV z}m{ m/!

fn- |]x}m{C $i m/! ~}} Ÿ&j “Een$1 u60e xO}V{C 1{qo9i 3iF" &i7n LiF" &i7n N†hh; ; I; ; Ih; IˆHi7n $&D )&Rn& !') h.ˆ ¡}.z¢ &o) zoC?&8i -i/n 0#@ m" }.O -i=@?&8i -i/n )ai 3$qB{

1› -i=@

Cai 3$ )9n& !"n- C9n& 0:n; )9n& !"


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1 V Hi7n $&D -i' $rD ! 0` ma" 3[cx ˆV Hi7n $&D -i' $rD )ai 3$ ma" !/n&cz C& $&D &W/$ 3dn- )/ ˆVx

| {? )& $&D &o9$ 3dn- $ 3dn-O &Rm {? )& $&D )&ê 3d $ 3dn-~ &Rm )ai 3$y “V1 C& $&D n-‰ r/ “Een$1w ? C& $&D n-‰ r/ )&Rn& M %&Rm Mo2e

. ^ơ %f )+ n6i

5. K*ch +hMQc

. >,i %e+

16


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£n %&Rm $&>n- s< 35G) )&Wn sŽ n% n&'@; #n %&Rm 37 )&Wn

)&ê 3d s/" 34 #n %&Rm 2* 0i" sŽ 35G) $&/@ 3i. ˆ/" &i #n n4 sŽ $r\ 09i )&ê 3d uN; nê" &>n- #n n4 sŽ $ 3dn- uN s/" ~}s.

?ron- 34 3T" Eao )m biên; 0/ )&Wn 1 0o9i

“Een$1; 0/ )&Wn 0o9i

LT" r/ )n& b'o; 0/ )&Wn | 0o9i

? 3dn- b_$ $"rn1 &o) $"rnx

C&Wn Ih &o) Iˆ

C&Wn )&S) nJn- &e/$ &o) )oo0

L6n ED n&i$ 3d oC &o) oh

1S


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L$ -i' $rD -ii &9n )/o

L$ -i' $rD -ii &9n $%

q/ )&Wn ED $rR 3i7m $&_% %&=n )&o 3T" Eao /n/0o-

C&o %&X% 3$ N &o) hh )/ )&S) nJn- u/m% * 0i" &>n- $&7 $&/@ 3i i&i %&Rm &4/ 0a N

. Th(" %&i gia + c,i %e+

1. ?ron- $r58n- &G% $&/@ 3i -i' $rD )ai 3$ \ $r9n- $&'i uN; #n %&Rms< $9i ˆV sŽ n% n&'@.

1


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→

x. £n %&Rm s< $9i ˆV sŽ 0Tn 05G$ n% n&'@.

→

z. £n %&Rm &o) $9i s< n% n&'@ 37 $&/@ 3i -i' $rD )ai 3$.|. £n %&Rm &i &oan $&an& )ai 3$. N4 sŽ n-(n- n% n&'@ Ea s/" 34

$r\ 09i )&ê 3d uN.=. TSCD T TD> DAEC:

"#ớc $ Cai 3$ $&>n- s< )&o bd &i7n $&D. "#ớc % L#" n


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Bai z >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC 9k @GT ^ IA >?@=ABC p> FqCD 9q TSr 9k KD?C` >p>D KDp>.

1. >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC

1.1.FA >stC`1.1.1. Fec %i$m:

&'$ &in E_$ &>n- )Tn $iê% !Q). ?


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1.2. >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC FAEC >[email protected] >R! +~c c0( cm bin +i8m cUn %i8n cm:

Hn& ~.1z C#" $9o )m biên $im )_n 3in )mMd$ bd )m biên $im )_n 3in )m -^m )4 | &


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Hn& ~]1| N-"@:n 0` &o9$ 3dn- )/ )m biên $im )_n 3in )mM9)& 2/o 3dn- $9o 2/o 3dn- 3in $(; $( $r58n- biên $&i:n $( 0‰i sU$ sŽ $')

3dn- Ei E_$ im 0o9i 3$ $r5) n4.K&i )4 3„ =o 98 V^hilddZ:

Ioi Không >„ =o 98 Vn


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1.2.. Ch'ng "! +6 nh hMng %n +Nm -ha+ hi8n c0( cm bin +i8mcUn %i8n cm.

23

(. 9U+ Ii8! F6i TMOng V@(+i(lZ:

Aon

^^

Brass

…l!min!m

>o--

F d]n c0( vU+

K h o n g c a c h c m b i ê n V m m Z

Khong cach -ha+ hi8n c0( 3n3o -hu+h!c R+ nhi! v,o vU+ li8! c0( vU+ cm

bin.>ac vU+ li8! c„ +} +*nh hoec )im loi c„chư( 3•+ 3† c„ )hong cach -ha+ hi8n y(hơn cac vU+ li8! )hông +} +*nh hoec)hông chư( 3•+.

Khong cach

-ha+ hi8n

Kim loi )hông chư( 3•+ Vnhômz %fngz …)

9Ut

FN!Sensor

Kim loi c„ +} +*nh V3•+z ^^z ‡Z

9Ut

FN!Sensor

b. K*ch >{ >0( F6i TMOng V^iˆZ:

Khong cach-ha+ hi8n

K*ch +hMQc vU+ lQn

9Ut

FN! Sensor

9Ut

FN!Sensor

K*ch +hMQc vU+ nh[

C! vU+ cm bin nh[ hơn vU+ +h4 ch!wn V+3+ obxc+Zz )hong cach-ha+ hi8n c0( 3n3o 3† gim.


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1.2.5. s!z nhMOc %i$m c0( cm bin +i8m cUn %i8n cm:s! %i$m:] &'$ &in E_$ &>n- )Tn %&i $iê% !Q).] K&>n- -=@ n&i" )&o )') s4n- 3in $(; s4n- si:" =m.] ?


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1.2.. @+ 36 ưng dung c0( cm bin +i8m cUn %i8n cm:n- 2jn- %&'$ &in Ei) 34n- nU% n&>m )') )&/i bi/

] &'$ &in )') 0' im 0o9i $r:n -i#@ bW) so)o0/ s/" &i 34n- -4i

25


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1..>?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC FAEC C`Cm biên $im )_n 3in 2"n- $56n- $ n&5 )m biên 3in )m; 3i7m &')

n&/" )&Rn& 34 0a )m biên $im )_n 3in )m sin& r/ EZn- $n& 3in $&/@ EEZn- $( 3in n&5 )m biên $in )_n 3in )m.

1..1. >R! +~c c0( cm bin +i8m cUn %i8n d!ng:

Hn& C#" $9o )m biên $im )_n 3in 2"n-Cm biên $im )_n 3in 2"n- -^m b


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1... @+ 36 ưng dung c0( cm bin +i8m cUn %i8n d!ngHng dung : d|ng %$ -ha+ hi8n 3'( +ong h- giR".

] &'$ &in 35G) bF m$ )$ 0[n-; &>n- bD n& &5\n- b\i ma" sU))$ 0[n- Ea &i


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1.. >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC ^A‹ Œ@1..1 . >R! +~c:

1..2.Cg!ên l# ho+ %ng:ˆ 2jn- bd )&"@7n 3i 34n- E/i $rf E(/ 0a bd %&'$ E(/ 0a bd $&" s4n- =m.

Bd )&"@7n 3i )4 $&7 3$ $r:n 3n& )/ bn& )&S/. ˆ4n- =m 29n- !"n- %&'$ r/$( bd )&"@7n 3i 3ên bF m$ )$ 05" sŽ bD %&n !9 $r\ 09i Ea 35G) bd )&"@7n3i $&" n&_n 37 biên $&an& $Rn &i" 3in. K&on- $&8i -i/n $( $&8i 3i7m %&'$!"n- 3ên $&8i 3i7m $&" s4n- %&n !9 sŽ $ 0 Ei &on- )')& $( bd )&"@7n 3i3ên bF m$ )$ 05". N&5 E_@; "/ )4 $&7 37 3'n& -i' 35G) mS) )/ )$ 05"$ron- bn& )&S/.

1... s! %i$m c0( cm bin +i8m cUn 3iê! âm: VZn- )m biên rdn- &on- )')& %&'$ &in E_$ $&7 )4 $&7 0:n 3ên Eai m.

C4 $&7 2Zn- 37 !') 3Dn& )') E_$ $&7 )4 ma" sU) Ea E_$ 0i" &4 %&=n bi$.

2

bọt

Chất lỏng

78K9:;7<

Dây ra

i!" #h$nh %& nh'y

>0nit0! ?h0t0di0d%


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C4 $&7 %&'$ &in 35G) E_$ $&7 $ron- s"


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1.5 > DCD C` S… >‘… >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jCCg’ ( dng T(n3i3+o CPC v, T(n3i3+o PCP:

3F

Fo m_c chR+ l[ng +ong bfn

Fo % c(o c0( 1 %6ng đồ Fo 36 lMOng giR" b c!6n

Fo % ch|ng c0( vU+

()*V DC

+ V

B,-./

BU-0/

B1-*/2

()*V DC

+ V

B,-./

BU-0/

B1-*/2

P,P n3rmally #l3456

P,P n3rmally #l3456

PP no%mallRoJQn

Cm biên b/ 2=@:


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1. >p>D KBT CA >p> >?@ =ABC TAE@ >jC 9“A CD…

31

Cm biên b


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32

()*V DC

+ V

2

BU-0/

B,-./B1-*/

BU-0/

B,-./B1-*/

V

Kê$ n


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2. @GT ^ IA >?@ =ABC p> FqCD 9q TSr 9kKD?C` >p>D KDp> 2.1. ac %nh v +* v, )hong cach d|ng bin + .

Hn& . Lin $&ê ê 3in $r\ Mj) 3R)& )/ Ei) 3o Ea %&'$ &in mS) )$ 05" 0a !') 3Dn& mS) 3d &o) &


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Hn& ~.~ ˆ $&/@ 3i )/ 3in $&ê ê %&j $&"d) Eao ED $rR )on )&9@

• ki' $rD 3in $r\ $( 1KŸ 3ên 1}}KŸ; 3>i &i 0:n 3ên MŸ.• Ld %&=n -ii $&>n- $&58n- 39$ )‚ 1}¦m.• ?"i $&W )/ )on )&9@ 1}~ 0Tn Ei 29n- !o/@ Ea 1}y – 1}w Ei 29n- 2D)&

)&"@7n.• Ld $"@ên $Rn&\ 3T" 358n- )&9@ &o) )"


35/38


Ld biên $&i:n 3in 2"n- bpn- Ei 3d biên $&i:n )/ s 2D)& )&"@7n n&5n- n-5G))&iF". 2.. ac %nh v +*z )hong cach bŠng +_ cm.

PV $') 3dn- 0am %&Tn Sn- z 2D)& )&"@7n &e &\ &>n- &R $&/@ 3i $&/@ 3i $($r\ )/ 0‰i $&eo 3in )m Ea $n- $r\ )/ )m biên )ln- $&/@ 3i $&eo.

• >m bin 3_ dch ch!"$n d|ng h& cm $ n-&i:n )S"c.C#" $9o )/ )m biên 2Zn- & )m $56n- $ )m biên 3in )m )& &') md$

)& )4 $&:m md$ )"dn 2=@ 3o.K&i )&iF" 2ai &e &\ &>n- &R &n& /c &o) $iê$ 2in &e &>n- &R $&/@ 3i

&n& bc &o) $n &/o 2o 2fn- 3in !o'@ $&/@ 3i &n& )c sŽ 0am )&o $( $&>n- )/

m9)& $( biên $&i:n; Xo $&eo s"#$ 3in 3dn- e $ron- )"dn $&/@ 3i.

35


36/38


ˆS) 3in 3dn- )m Sn- $ron- )"dn 2=@ 3o Œx

36


37/38


.TD> DkCD: ?H§C H¨NH CM BIN ?I©M CªN LI©N CM V¨ LI©N Nk U 2jn- )m biên 3in )m Ea 3in 2"n- $ron- m9)& 3iF" &i7n

Lin – &R nXn

{. C>n- $') )&"n bD1. N-&i:n )S" s6 3^ m9)&/c M9)& 3in s 2jn- )>n- $U) &an& $rn&

bc M9)& 3in – &R nXn 2Zn- )m biên 37 -ii &9n &an& $rn& )/ %is$on

)

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8

+V

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PB

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1.

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38/38


N-"@:n 0̀ &o9$ 3dn- Nn nQ$ nn B; )"dn 2=@ )/ E/n 3in $( )4 3in0am %is$on { 2"i r/; )"n- $U) &an& $rn&.] Cm biên 3in )m Ea 3in 2"n-..9U+ +M:] «n- 2n &R.] =@ 3in.=. T7nh +_ +h_c hi8n:1< I_( ch”n +hi+ bz )i$m +( +hi+ b: Ki7m $r/ E/n 3i:n $(; r6 0e $r"n- -i/n 3• &W) \ %&Tn Lin &R nXnc. Ki7m $r/ )m biên 3in 2"n- )#% n-"^n )&o )m biên Ea )&o )m biên

n&_n biê$ im 0o9i; %&i im nê" n-[ r/ )m biên 35G) nn- $U) &an& $rn&.. Ki$m +( mch:5. >R- ng!fn cho mch vUn h,nh. ˆ/" &i m9)& 3in &R nXn 2Zn- )>n- $U) &an& $rn& &o9$ 3dn- $n- $U) &an& $rn& bpn- )m biên 37 -ii &9n &an& $rn& )/ %is$on. ?( 34 sos'n& $') 2jn- )/ )>n- $U) &an& $rn& bpn- )6 Ea )m biên.

S!u (hi mạch )* d+ng cảm biến hoạt &"ng t,t t! (h-ng cho cảm biến

nh.n biết &/u i)ton m cho cảm biến nh.n biết cc .t liệu (hc nh!u 4 (imloại hi (im6 cc (im loại (hc nh!u 4 c7 t t9nh hoạt (h-ng c7 t t9nh6 cc .t c7 (9ch c: (hc nh!u4 l;n nh

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