livro de bolso etica antropologica

8/7/2019 livro de bolso etica antropologica

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A P O C K E T G U I D E TOX ' \


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"There is no one who ir victorious but by

CONTENTSInuoduniol .,, .*.:*.


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U n i d States. Most of these men have returned ta thdrbanielad m important posts as engineers, ttmhers, .

and den&. Hundreds of ather Afghan b y shave received instruction from the two or three Ametianmchm inWb'iCdiege. And thew have btenm-a AmefiEan technicians, writer, and ~a v e l e r owhohave visited Afghphn, drawn by their interm in iknataral remma, its dmhgical treasures,or thc-fharrnof its snowappsdmountains and great plains.The par IN$ rnhrkd aM e r strm&e&g d theseties. In tbat y a r ah American canmuaim ~ompariy,atthe invitation of h e M&aa Gsvmment, hgm warkrm& muact to build hydrdmr i t p r o j e and W,

a d ,rmds,d bridpp. The idux of thisepm@v& large group of mghxr5 and tdmkimprrsena a J g d k a c Qppaawiqfox a q m b t i ~ grhep q b n - G & e & - .This is && aa &e Amd- reader,f l t h a s P P e r h i s ~ d i n A f ~ m y b , a s a n

h m d d c m *& hE mill' wish to s u ~ t, 'fq I& tamm with tiam * . J peoprc me* Bvitt k &eatat * caumsy a d has-*:pis&@ a d4- an his part--Wiilqm-,

te him m y new d a m s w rrrendsliip'in th- Afghanistan.

GEOGRAPHYd a n d - l d e d Afghanistan e v e f s a p p

w a r e &, a d its pre.dwnk&ntbrurismimaxed by tbe Afghwat nearly tz,do0+give lowerCIUIIIUCS.~ a b u l ;lfiC&ital,. . hasppularion of ~w,ooo.This independent kingdom is kunded bychi- Iran, the Turkoman Soviet Socialisthe U.S.S.R. , and China. Thm aresine ~ dinm: Kabul, Ka n d a h I Herat, k&r-i-Shas h n , Maimana, Farah, [ahlabad, and Ginames are taken from the principl town inMghaiw's greatest I&&, from nwthe?is about 7w miles, an d ,its great&&breadtm i h . It bas a b u t rhewedarea asTexas,that of New York StakAfghaniatan is a mwntabous country, and

p~tp k sof theWUKushdm ta over ~ r ,genefd elevation of the country is over *,&


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Owing to the relatively low average annual rainfall andthe abnormally high average elevatim of the country, themare no large rivers or lakes. On the other hand, with theexception of the southwest, there is hardly any part of thecounuy without a water supply, during certain seasons,sufficientfor irrigation and domestic purposes.

The higher mountains are snow-covered all year andconstitute an inexhaustible usable reservoir. Ruthless &-forestation has reduced the usefulness of this reservoir tna very great extentt however, and reforestation is a pres-ent need.There are t h e great river basins: The Kabul and Amu

Darya (Oxus) in the northeast and the Helmand, whicheund douthwest through the center of Afghanistan. Theblrband is the largest river d its latitude between theT i and the Indus, an d it is the only large river whichb its amua t~ its manth is virtually entirely within

t i . its 'total length is pmbably over 700Mil% %ndwith its tributaries it drains all southwesterndfghaYG&m,an area of at least roo,ow square miles.T h e Eeuntry has three belts. The nbrthern belt isgmzing wuntty and is relatively fenile. The central belt

is a backbone of almost impenetrable mountains. The

which cut across it. It is along these riverstowns are situated. The area from thewatershed in the central M t northwardDarya is characterized by good pasturairrigable land is found here. Westerngenerally drier, but more irrigation wouldintensive agriculture. In the southwest


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Emhquakes occur frequently throughout the munaybut only idfiquently caw extensive damage. Floods cr fa diwmus name c a w in certain artas. The Hel-m a d seems to he subjeet to floods which cause grcatdamage to the d e m e n t s along its banks.

HISTORYAl t h o u g h the Afghans have always played a passiverole in world &airs, their land has bcen important in

military aad political strategy k u s e of its geographicpoeitioa as a bridge beoreen the great plain on the northMiInd& t o t8o south. Its history gem back severalt b t , d of ycars, and Afghan ancientk o q records the

I1withaddaruion

&&J;kstM(iBddI(bPB ( r e -

1863)~Amir Ahdur Rahman Khan (1880H.R.H. King Mohammed Nadiu Shah ( 1 9 ~His Mabsty, King MohammedZahirShah,upon the death of his father on November 8present Royal House, theDurani, has been dtwo hundred years.Afghans date their last liberation from Mand alehrate this as their independence day.

lishment of diplomatic relations with foreifollowed at that time.GOVERNMENT

Afghanistan is a constitutional monarlaws are based on the religious laws of Islampower is vested in the Parliament, which isthe King, a Senate of 45 hfe-appointed ma National Assembly of over one hundredramtatives.The Royal Family plays an important parernmatt and is highly respected throughouThe mat of arms of the King and the&aGovernmentconsist of a designrepresenting


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two minarets of a mosque with the mihrab (a niche orchamber in themosque indicatingthe diredon of Mecca)in the center, bannerson either side, and the entire designahnost wmpletdy encircled by sheaves of wheat.The Afghan Bag carries tbis insignia in the center of armangular field consisting of a red, a bkk, and a green

stripe, placed horizontally.I h e pdncipal sources of state income are land taxes,grazing taxes, import and export duties, and fines.

THE PEOPLEA f g h m s are a complex mixture of ram, but despite

rbih 'Amerimim*they form one nation. They havea :$ e f m and.persoaal independenceaki to

' , . .. .~W.&& is fa i from ~ c o u s , b U tthe!pew.& bond holdkg the people together in qmmcm fm-temity is lam, their religion.l l u general appearance of the people is prepstsing .Mcst of the men are tall and wdl-bdf with tough,rnmcular frames. They show gnat agility and have an

independent bearing. They are proud andfu l and shrewd, and intenselypatriotic.The principal tribes are the Duranis, GhiTajiks, Hazaras, Uzbegs, Nuristanis, Baluand Cbahar Aymaks.In the country, most of the people are tor shepherds. They grow fruits, cottonvegetables, but lack of water for irrigatiomuch of the poverty which exists in the coWheat bread is the staff of life, and thbread is the chief part of every meal. In thtainous part of the country, there are severanomadictribal shepherds. &cause of the sing land, these nomads follow the available

theseasons, travelinginto thehigher uplansummerand into the lowland ranges in thefat-tailed sheep is native to the country, anAfghaas' chief meat diet, their butter, andThe majoaity of the atydwellers are hanEarpcnters, h s , masons, tailors, shoemsmiths. Each has a tiny shop in the bazdoes his work by hand. The rest of themerchants or traders, governmentOM


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There has not been much industrial development, bu tthe Government plans to expand in this regard. Nowavailable are tw o cotton-textile mills, two woolen mills, abeet-sugar refinery, a tannery and boot factory, a furni-ture factory, and a jewelcutting factory. The people arestill in the handicraft stage and only now are developing an understanding of machinery.Rpiwon, T he people of Afghanistan are Moslems.Their nctigion is I h , which means "submission to GodU,and theMievere ared c d Modems. Their Holy Book istk b a n , whiz21 contains numerous quotations froman d derenafacncerm the Bible, an d which borrows heavilyfrcan the Old Testament. Their prophet an d teacher isMohammed.Islam developed against a background of Christianityand of the religion of the Jews. Mohammed declared

I that there is only one God to whom everl recdy responnble, without priests or intermekind. Mohammed condemned the use of1 elaborate rituals, an d he preached against thwhich are the targets of American evangelistings are reflected in present-day Islamic prreligion, Islam prescribes detailed rules cosonal, social, economic, an d p l i t i d behavioques are no t temples, but meeting houses whgather fo r prayer and meditation.Do not refer to the religion as Mohammedlems do no t worship Mohammed as ChristChrist. Mohammed is no t God; "Allah"Mohammed His prophet.Islam of the Sunni doctrine is the state

I almost all Afghans belang to this sect. Thegroups of another Moslem sect called the Shwardly it is almost impossible to distinguisha Shiah except at prayer, when the Sunnserved to cross his arms in front of himseShiah will hold his arms out straight. Misity on bebalf of other religions is prohibitecountry.


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~ ~ p r q & w t i m e a a ~ , b ~ g t r d b b w i a g b&iipa!$m+'b&qtowad mca, thdr hdy city ia~ + ~ p & s t o d p i n ~ t i ~ a t t f L t i r~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ a f p p a y e r a m l a f

-:* w m a4,d m is rr lay-mdPrMa- M Mdmmm&t hw.

Afghans pay mu& amtian togood manners&&haking and umbra& are considered aimportant p a t af good mamers. Yeu ppiH bgreed with a bandshakc at cvay m e e k . Bcq& to return it, but do nat 'toncha handleaAfghan in any othert f f a y . D om t w r e s d ewithhim inb,and do


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not slaphim on the back. Any such contact is offensiveto bis idea of etiquette. Yon will see Afghan men walk-ing hand in hand and often times greeting one anotherbykissing. There is nothing odd about such action. It istheirdbehavior.

Avoid native swearrpords. Under no circumstancesrail an AZghan "dog" or "unbeliever" or "pi& becausethse are deadly insults.

Aghws do not drink liquor or eat pork. It is im-, - .-polite to consume these things in theii presence. N e w& A@mm pork or liquor; &ey Meve if they usc., aither, their eternal salvation is forfeited., a Dogs w considered unclean; if you keep a dog, hep d c u k l y car& to keep it away from mosques and

not letotherpeoplesee themn their presence.a gift, or eat with the

cleto anAfghan, usc bothEat only with the right hand in the presence of

an Afghan other thansmall,inexpensive tokens. Never accept anything

of value. You would be urpeaed to returwith some favor to be exacted kter on.

The poorest Afghan is rich in personal dan important point to keep in mind alwathat politeness is one of the first things when you begin to meet people. The Afgmost +te and flowery manner. Learnpolite phrases and use them even ifyou domore of their language. (For hints on Pe

The tribesmen admire mnrage and Let them see that you have these qualitiegrateful for any generosity you can showLift along the road. Whenever possible, giempty tins or other such items. Bottles, of use to the tribesmen because such thingfactured in the counay.Women. Moslem women do not mingleoutside the immediate family circle. Ththe greater part of their time at home.

Moslem women appear in public wearingarment called a burkah (veil), which cbody, including the head. Small lattice-


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h madage of a widow, but cpropa q u i~ d O W ~ u ~ t f i r ~ ~ & ~ t ~rebdve d the deceased husbandRtmembcr that the veil ( p t h or bwk

is a a a resp~tab lewoman and dfmm a d w o m a n br orvmt. In u t kwa r vt& CXceF xmnts, m y Eauatqever,ate notveiled.hfew rHles to be strictly betian ~o rvtosIem w m :

I . Never sqrc at me;a,New speak toa,51 public;3. N w e jade me in a kowd;4. Never try w mmvt t woman's ve

-in any way.LPvtng Conditfom Be ppa r e d for expetature. Wide raiktions of tcmptatboth from to~~awfiandfffwnday t3%& & SWOM are dwrlym d d , but

dwhg dae m & s OctobeP-to Apannualraw Sw the entire country p dingm of rr h c k


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s ,Yon mnst always be on your guard against the dimateand dress for the temperature changes. Keep your' b t e r ' ' injutinns against typhoid, cholera, tetanus,&&pox, etcetera, up to date.

You will find few of the sanitarg conditions which yout&,e for granted at home. Even in Kabul, there is noccntrafwater suppfy and no sewerage system. Most toiletsare crude outhou~e~.In the villages, you will have toget by wirbout even these, and you will have to carry yourown supplyof miletpaper.

The open irrigation ditches are M of germs and arethe bm&g places for mosquitoes. Mala& is &ed bymoquitae~,and mosquito nets are a necessity wherevertPle d a i i a mosquito i s found. %T nets also will par-W y protect you from suozpions, which are common inmtaia +qs.. l$ecarebul.about bugs and liw, whish alsocQIm+adg

skinandaycdircar*aacep E e v ~sopw'ownpeed&ad&+ is imponant. Be canful to kefp unwashedhands awayf rmyour mouth andeya. Treat the slightest"promptly.

Don"t water unless you know it has been b n i i

br chlorinated. Nwer,dridinitive,unboiled,' &omhome, the bestdrinkishottea.' Dysentery and di ihoea come from cont1 iulringfram human exirerdent. Watch wha1 drinlr and guard against cpntamindtion.

Fruits and vegetables should be washebeforeeating,hecauetheymay becontamhaexcrement; Avoid leafyvegetables, andkeepfrom Big. . .If youkeep to these rules, you will have a gavoiding typhoid, dysentery, and malaria-adiseases in theMiddle~stiria:

Don't sleep canpledy uncovered, regarwarm it may bt. Always keep your stodoma covered in order to avoid stomach co..However, don't get the impression thais an unhe a lW pkce to,live in, because ttme. These above pxecautions have beenfor your protection and are health rules thatapplicable, even in d . s e c t i o m of the UTinned goods are not easily available an

pensive. It is a g d plan to have tinnshipped fmm the United States. AU got


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UllitsdStates must bc larr&d at an Indian poa, s h i p 4by rsil to Poshawar or QuEtta and thence ~a45poncdbyt t d er ~aravaninto Afgbanistaa. Packing sbauld be& s@d ro wihstand exmdingly mugh handling andpi ikagc. Unmdly lvgcor mtainvs should bew&dd. Paelrlng should also p~ovidep d o n a&met&+aa~4 af hest and cold for d t i e s which m o t&&mad&. M caw g h o n ld h ek I y m ad E td mshow buntrg of origin and cdnsignee and munug ofd a th l t h .

ECONOMIC UdPQRMATI0NW u n t e h l i ~ ~ .Thao is a &em radiotelegraph cir-eott bsv&ri M- and India, Iran, and theUnitedb.Wlthiathc~tlmy,alldaC~paldtinand b y t h e gw 4ma xm f ; ~ ~ a dtelcgsaph~lrdal*s)91nrta ."Pd~*mboveoFcdErow.rhrrposto$md-t ~ ~ i s n o m o n e y m n f e r s a t p j a .Td+aSd=w@- . . 3s pr and &w. Mea.&nger&moftGni%rnbes&&tory.M& Afghaao have a lscnYlt idea abaat p w eftosceuns. If youwant work doncmtimt+yonmuskeepa $om check on its progress. Almost all commuui*

and work stops on holidays, which somx v d days.Transportation. Therearenorailways,nways, or air routes in Afghanistanat presenroads, which are sometimes temporarily bloandsnow, connect thepdnciplcitie and coIndian highway system at Torkbam,at thethe Khyber Pass, and atChaman,n o d ofchistan. The burden of pansportadon fal omk andpack animals. Camd,pony, anvans are important media of tmnsprtatinumerablecaravan soow. All principal&tpoas of e ~ g :and limited storagefacilitiein the customswarehouas.A governmentmail a d passengermotorbetween Kabul and Perhawar City, India,andbetweenKabul, Kandahar,andQuntka similar swicebctweetlKandahar,Herat,border.

I Currency. The afghuniis the unit of thetem. An ufg* is a pice of silverweigand it is Bubdividcd into roo puls. The 5c


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talW~mas&if .a~e~of&~.Sbxdhp i e of + 5 to,20, and a9 PI, ma'& 4f nickel, bronze, and copper,*d .&" Papa GurIeneyof ,a,g,10, ao,50, and roocpfg* is,&Mu,!. ~~.. ,%MP tb+- foret drafts on ~ t wY&&$ . : w , ~. . $ . ~ , . :,. bTthe ~ f g h mmad bank (D=~fgbmis-W'&&),.as&lows (1946):,. .&$&.en: afghnir ~ 3 , 0 4 4 6 ~ 4 ~ 0 0 ., . e j w :afghanis 134446perr&I.OO.:sll,p&&pscoand Sacs of fmeignd u g are required

rc%bMthropgh thrrmtralWk.. .Thcm:,,&Ectwo banss in Afghanistan:Bank Milk andDnAf@e&tatlBmk. Tbelamsisa@ v ~ t ~ -&nand -:&fcr*$o-gc. Itsm * t : i q - *u*.s-. 6 .& ~atimralCityw:,#.:N@ Xvrk ~ W l eis a private institudo&: ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ a f f m e i g a . ~ . i u ~

tr&q @&&s be d e n intoQTout of the .country.L F ' k i n e o f r h t m m m m h e ~ * t h cfk&x andCettified.?; .kei$fs a d Mwsqres. A wide ~aricryofId units

p % ~ t s a n d ~ i s u s e $ .~ u n i z s ~ y h v eLt

different valueis in different parts of therespea to different ~)mmodities.In Kabul, the followingweights appear

16 r i h d d I ~ h u r ~ k4 cItarc~s r seer8 smr I mrrundlo m#m& I k h m w 1

The metric system is used for all officiof distance and area. The unit of lengwhich is 39.37 inches, or a little more thanR aM i - y ~ ~ dor p i - r huh i is equal to 41.unit of distance is the kilometer which isrougbly five eighths of one ofourmiles.

The unit of weight is the kilogram, w2.2 pounds in our system. Liquids areliter, which isa little more than a quanthere are several 1 4 systems of weighYonwill discover thatthe people are vaguandweights.Bltrineu Practices. HOURof b&svarybdtyto~ondfmm~ea~onto

Most tradesmen h a ~ emUs in the bs


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ing when making a purchase is customary and is a partof the socio.economic life of these p p l e . They tradenot j&t f ~ rmomy but also w meet p p l e . To bargaininteiligenrly is to show understanding in values. Trades-men will exaggerate the price they urpecr you to pay.If you pay such price, they know you do not tinow thereal d u e s aod they consider you uninformed. Bargain-17. 'i'he tradesman and purchaser are as host andguest. Friendship results from uade.

You will have to hargain for almost everything you buy.Never display anger, as it would be regarded as a signof your weakness and the Afghan would be inwardly con-t e m p t ~ ~ ~ ~of you If you donot want to spend time tobargain, name a prLe and walk off if it is not accepted.If thc md a n t calls you back, you may -t that hemill sell you the desiued article at your price.

Salaries and Prices. Some typical prices asnre as fohws:

Garudys or tongas (horsedrawn carriag. .taxis)+ghank z per mile um ride,& The fare is for any munber of passengers, not

R en t fo r a six-room house with bath, afgI to 1 , 5 ~a month.Lights-for a six-room house, afghani5 60month.Wood (for heating p u r p o ~ ) - . f g h4,

(for one winter's supply for six-room house)on emnomy of use of supply, number of roet cetera.

Charcoal (for cooking purposes~fghamonth.

Servants' wagm (per month):1 Gmk+ghanis 150 to zooBeareraghunk roo to 150 (with u'I food furnished)Laundryman--afghanis 60 for one mon

Warer cassia-+fghanis ISGardener-fghanis 80WatchmawfghannrL rooChauffeur+ghanL 400


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L o p g ~ f t h e ~ & d @ ~ f r o m t h e ~ t ' s p h tof viw. You calculate in tenus of dfghanis, but n&that in drc bmaec ntany parches are made in fraftions$@ afghani which cue [email protected]+iuo~aopulsinah&gbni,thereare~p k ip sa A.meri~annickel. You will asfound the fwgalAfghans onless you learn to think in turns ofthcsetinysmns, These copper coins&ayou may not understandand 458~z e d a9 &lost wmthl.es~arc cash E ~ M Wtoe v q b d j& in Afghanhn. For ununple, a u;tinedgxhnmaymakconly 150afghanis a month. A caqmmcs may get but 6 afghanir a day. In Kabul 300afghan& per month is considered vmy high pay by theqi* ofPeOIde.bpqt chewp o m m ~ e yAround. A p a t d d of hardfealing~bGenGausodinforeigo~~unni+sbg:Apluicanswho have bem impoIite an$ improvidmt in theirspend%%

THE eAlAXDAR3, Afs- the ~~t and an bushesh o a s a f e l l a w a e a l e n d a r ~ t n & ~ ~ u n q .Therearerzmonthaintheyear,adth;t&darisbasedupon

the Bight of Mohammed i n 621 AD. ToAfghan year, 90- 621from ouryear. I1946minus 621 is eqnal to 1325, t6epresenAll govetmenr letters and docnments beupon this calendar.

The Afghan New Year's Day, called Ntwenty-&at of March, and the Afghanfollows:

2121zz22

ur24242524232120


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pHaatishwforits~a,ditisin&cAlth& for government c o ~ d e u c eand finandal -1nnd revmne bumo~athis dar calendar isd rhc Amir Dmt UohanmedKhan isbnded. Th. .Moslem htnarormmn calendar is used for religiouspur-p~sesl&~mmm that special holidays wi l l not occurfrom year to year on the same s o h date as on our calendar.FOIitlsatnre,Rmmmm may begin in one year 10 daysearlier than in thp Uowing. All religious holidaysare calculated by the lunar calendar and thus vary fromyeat togear. IECPEATIONNghtraeiag. A f g h i s m is richin archeological lore;for the s m h t of ancient history, there is much to see inthe remainsof Buddhist andGmk civikafion. Places to%hitindudeKabul, Bamian,Hent,Ghami, andPnghman.Bamian is thesite of iotereshg Buddhist rcmaina,andhas beea wmkcd by the DetCgation F m + 8-Lol+ Bpmian was an important c o d center intheMi* Ages. Here thevisitor can e d e twoeoldcsal idols w e d in the hillside, The krger figure is some53m- WFortymilas west from Bamian isBand-i-Amir(Damofrhc Khg ) , which creates a bluish-green lake of u n dhanty. The fishing hem is said to be udmt

is well wonh a visit The old city o&ls graphic s N d i . It is a citadel built on trampartsof earth, audit is divided into fourqJuma Majid in the northeastern quarterwfifteenth century, and at that time it wasmost beau& mosque in ail AsiaAsiaLike Haat, Gbad is famous fo r its shcity, the visitor&I examine archeological sback m the Sdtan Subagdsh (977997A.

Paghmnn, the summer capital, is aboutwest of Kabul and is 1ocate.d on thePaghnwside. This village is the summer residencethe court, and government and commerciaIn Kabul, the visitor should attempt toShah's tomb and garden,the museum, Arnimau's tomb, and the many govcmment buildthe founder of theMoghul Empire in Indiaof the Chalwdeh Valley in Kabul that whehis deathbed at Agm, India he ordcrcd hd e d to Kabul and interred in what isnow(JhL!er's Oafden).


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5-0 ~ g h ~ $ u m c r ~ ~ t k ~ ~ i a &BaoksdMuric. There are nopublitWml.tw&-- b d a a y d * f Q t e i g a ~ ~ i nW h a ~ ~ ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ $ w f i i c b ~ ~ ~ ~ a p o i i -libtaro. and hna i c an s &n arc in- toP b t t ~ 8 p l q m ~ e s i r i n g m u s c ~~ h u - e p r c m p ~ & b a your o ~ l . ~ a~ i b q-2 have b k s 4 &odds mPiled from

H&bd*,mouncPladimbin9_hikiag,and*~ i e g i r r g a x c p p u l p t w i + t h e ~ ~ e s i d i a g & r b E If you arc fond of music, it b adoisable a,mmty. ~ i s g o o d ~ k h g i n p a r t ~ o f ~ own phonograph and &s. Raord ing ofa s d ~ ~ h ~ r q t e r ~ ~ i B y ~ s t s n e ~ , ~ , t R i f d -otkr music can be purchad in lndia#~6*-sa-. -*w$cs,w Afghanismaa n t q & ~ m a m p k d h L I f p a r c abua r c r ,b c , = ~h t i n g y a u r amranrrftk witbymasit isnot Radios are ow a v a i U . a r thE prtpent b~ . m h * m a r t . nre bringingyaur owndio , remcmkrthat h

~ ~ a p o ~ ~ s p ~ r t d ~ a b u LSkis Y,;M W i s u o A . c , n n d t h n i n m u r y d d t .c p n b e h h t d ~ m d l l p : i n t b ~ h u t 4 ~ h e s r d d c scrvk.Hobbies. Manyd h h d ample scopefo p m u r t o f ~C a m m a d d i c t swmkr of p h qm i c - . Howcvcr, filmandveryd i t t o findM y . It isk~tohmmts ma& with an M m -phu1q supply of &s, whichW d bc mP;c-p~fhsdevlt loptdandprinttdi~m@vtand

P P ~ I U T .NO m10d &IS


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Kabhtome, nor movie &as, coo be &v&lOpod W y .Stgmp collccdag zad coin d e r t i n g de r many howaof &vmian. Valuable sanp and rarewins rnay still befoundiarbcbaueus. Anruusuduar icryofcab4sak ,Thradan, Bamian, SasPanhn,Knahan, Mogh.1, and thelike,ars st i l l available.The amateur adenlogist, antbopologh, geologisq orphil&~~~ininshisunlnrry~meofthewot1dsmortpwmism8fidds f a s t n d ~ .

A n entrance visa validated by the Royal AfghanLegation in W&gmn a the Royal Afghan Consulatein New Fork is newwy oranyone goiog to Afghani-stan. Afgbaa wnsuls most oh* aqrhorbtiaD fmm~ e i r h o m c ( ; r b r f o s e a ~ m a g 6 t ~ u c d Allcable aad mmm d t i a n char@ arc paid by tbc pasonupeedogtovisirAfghanism. Au k i z a t i ~ ~ b y t a b l e'~9*resfr0m ZO CQ 1 lllQ&h- h5dp BPssportsa r c r e g i s d by A f g b fromiaraaWriea arthhborder.Upm d v d at your fmaldwtination &thin ch c wnn-cry, ]roumust sea& two&ms:

I. A r s i d c n ~V& enwed in your passpoz A pol i~epermit.

The residence vim is o b t a h b k from the ViPassport Division, Royal Afghan POI&@ O&Residence visas arevalid fo r 3,6, and IZmontvisitass must bnw and leave PSgbani&n wweeks from date of entry.Polim permits are s e m e d from the local cof plLc in the Uin*try of Pablic Security, ol d milimy commandant, and are issued fw"Spondin~ to th e r e s i b visa.Fines may bk levied against those who failwith these regulations.

Prior to departure from A$hanistan, an esibe ssaucd from the oSce issning the residencevisas are issued free of charge, provided resiand police permits are in order. Po& permrendered at the dine exit visas are issued. Invisas are b d by the ForeignOffie; elsewherobtainablefrom the provincial governors. Withdt~~it is im&e to lease the c mIf a passportis lw t after enteriugAfghanismmay obtab a permit of r e s i b from the plac


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passport washt rcgi$teIed on the borders of the country;otherwise, the foreign visitor may %e kept undu guardpcnding investigation by the Minisuy of Public Smxiryor the provincial authorities.

AFGHAW L L W AND DISLIKES3oreigners working in -tan d want thewilling cooperation of the Afghans. To be dcxrPing ofv a t i o n , foreigners must respcn the likes and dislikesof the people. Following is a list of 12 disliks generallycharacteristic of Afghans. They do not like-I. Negative comments on their government, religion,and politics.2. Non-Moslems entering or loitering ntar Moslemmosqus and shrines.3. Disc- mnaming Moslem woma or theprac-

tim of plygamy and thepurdah (veil).4. lmm* exposurr of the hnman body.5. Foods containing p r k , bacon, sausage, or lard, mfood which has been cooked in pork products, bccausc allsuch food is "unclean". (They do not like to we theseprOdm.3 eaten in their p m n n . )

6. Alcoholic d d m (Thcy do nor appin the country ddnlin$ wine, beet, or whip-=.)7. Any signs of &pa to Mmlem( T k y do not like to we roen staring at wa-forbidden to followwomen, to talk tothem,to touch them.)

8. Unkindness and impt iwawith setvatare d e m d cand althorrgh the wealthy emthep are treated with wnsiduation.)

9. Bdng stared at while at prayer. (Ware praying, keep silent and look away. Mo

r .willing to be photographed during prayer.)1 10. Beinglaughedat. (Adult menwakiand one another when meeting or p"gueu".)

11. ExprEsdom of race prejudice. (ThI i m p l i e a perm who does not show hospita

I andpatienn.)I ,12. Dkvspect for the aged, infirm, and(They show greater than average politene

pmple, cripples, the feeble-minded, and th


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Afghans 6 q a i d like manp thingsbzipcrs can do,T h e y a p a ~ d

I. Fonignm who learn to speak Pusheu and/or Per-sian--numatter how poorly.a. Naving inqniries wade about thdr M t h at c p q

m&g.8. Rmivingdmkengiftsof candy, cigz+mtw,sugar,O r ~ ~ o a & k s t M d n y s .4. S k i 6 g - &an& at every meeting and a@ upone g gPeople with goodmannexs andp u 5 d digoity whospeak with WCU-mdulatedvoicer.

6. Bzrgainingonprices.In w~rd8,inmrler to be Iilee61, m e needs to rrse-on am. Bet $a n& mistake wu&wy far friwd-

ship, h a w e rhe Afghans are always polib. hme i n k&at &baas an k u r h a g U y suspidow d s a g e r a .Never ejtprt & b i t e h t w e mtnmhmts. Whm, fm

an Afghan says fw-dd (tomorrawj, hc means"kt bame the in the C w " . Fonlier.mmetd a nok w-pca d e b i t e k n c a e d g e of distaaGesfrom &e pea& ymmeta trading. l v h paple in Afgbanisien have nover

learned to use and have lit& need for statisticsbers ( e p t wry small units) with any exactn

THE LANGUAGEpush (or Pnkbm) is the OWl a n g

iaunuy, but a W al lm rm k r sof thebusinessspeak Persian, in the center and south, and Tuthe north. The q d c a Per& ofAfghanistanin unimportant r 4 p a s from the Persian ofliterature in Iranian Persian is snitable fo r AFr& German, and Englken by Jome Afghans. TGovermmcnt is encouragin

sioa of the Pushtn languagthe pp l e , and in evcry towemmerit has begun P w hsome primary dasses inPwhtu is becoming theinstruction.Persian is the more widelthe two languages. The io

contains someuseLul Persian


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phraJc$ you will need to know. Thue are samc diier-erms of pronunciation and in the use of wmda be-rcgiws, as weU ag mmxy didecteBduchi , NurLt&,UzW, et cetera.There is nothing very di8Seultabout Persian emapt thealp$&& and for t h l reason the iodtrucdons and vpcabu-

lary Mow are not based an thc written 1-e but are as h p l i 6 8 d spteraofrepresenting thelanguageas itsounds.This system cuntab letters for all the h e d 9 you mustmake tobe understood. It doesnot contain 1-s for someOf &it 4 syon willhearhGarbut itd1give you enough toget bp on, botb listening and spePking.Try ?a hitate the pronumiation of natives as doady

s p ~ t ibnn andm e s kt tBeinstrusions g*en bcte standinthew&y6fg & ~ ~ g y wp r e a umhh as aearly p-aible &c c!&$ of thh po& you hoar aromnd

Here sre a few h p 1 e rules for uuse of rhc word liff.~ h t $fenaw:1.Acwmm. You know that the accented .sy&bIe @g

word is tls syWIe which 2s spokenmore stmnstp&thsother splIabks in the s amc word. (FUI-plb thel e r t ~ t ~W ~ I IUCQW.) Accented (loud)ssUablesare & em

~ o r pin capital leacrs and u n a c d sy l labblenero.2. VwwL . Thereere& hekin& of ooundr we

in English by E. c, i o, u, ah, uy, a ccma. Jthe key belaw rind yw will hahave no trouble.or A qu& PhO o in pnh (%ameaopaE "no".)

nh or A H equals Lhe E in faher.c nm rneenirrg 'Tay or AY equals the qr in&. (I?mmkm in ia ~a-MY-&m m ca nw.u".)e or H *IS a m pa. (Em,tx&lg 'one".)er or EE equals Lheccinfe . ( kmmaning "~aeoN"'.i o r 1 1 PhO i m PI%. CUmmaaing "mg samea- ar AW rhc~ryh.rufYTb(Epmple: f u n - E

'Tdd.~''.)thew in boor. ( Em#OON- m c a nm'.S


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t i . Pe U ' qu l~ f hCY iD#w . ( m worh-.)wwh thc~iaf f twr.(kmipk:dmVe10m-hg w . 1. -mUdrtol ratukel'u a- E o o d h m - u M. m.&m #idta gwd day-0-tAY- Y d - I t

~u#$--t;QI-avM W M, gir-&-8h&mslaA-w Understand mc?-M&dm+h'&NGU MESja-mud

M&+ -&W -N ~ r M u a m mP l ~ k h - ~ HW-wt dcM .mm I - - I P b spsak dwr n 1 B - M R a MJrJ M@-*.AMO W w RmTE HARF B E

w w Y A H h k 4 mCwofhHba*dPl=vbm

- W h c ~& - & W ~ ~ A ~ mm Mi+h CHA. . .a bml--Mfi~+~ha~- c MC ,&h-ME (W h o d l pa rue$&; ah&R&ST...a r m m w t t - - M H N .A cbd -1 p a ~s c&t+&-msn* k ;f e 6 * b p ~ u t . n r u ? k * *, Ai&mm&iw+f&n w

41Cn@- =w- ,(cjlompwwRckcr$ (marc &vmcm, iwmi Icr .tnw cqu&. h-

d . 1


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b &&& ~ - & n - G A R p o l ~ ~ l l ~ s - - p & - B A W Nhmbu--gha&BHB moat--no-KARd 4 6 - P A Z ~heemaker-taf-FAIfSU "& m t - h d ~ tailbr-khiay.YAHTcl0thi.g

I,,'bd&s-war-BAND g l o v e a l ~ - K E S HbmB--e%-ME hat- .4a~-UHhc m 4 W T ndde+a.mh-VAHTshif i --pa-mhJiAN tro-M-VARRskm-EAFSH usdmhirt-ZEER prc-mh&-mcks+o-R(HB hW3

hdjcctivu~ S K n O O B d & S A R Dba&BdD hot-4dRM$g, ipge, @at-bm-ZA W aC wet-TrLBd or l ia le -4p .m +-ZC@AWSEIK* h e m apcni-RAffh'l&--CH& chap-zw-ZAlih'sW s 4 n - r i t cmm-&h-L&Ew d l 4 O O B or KHdWSB W A W R~ ~ c o M - N E toogde-z&aa&r@-msA:NE dhort+kag-T&iibI&-scYdR/r hdsy--rail-alwwbik-m-EEFD W e - B d W Kr o d s A W R K H oid (dWSOUSJ-PXSEb l 4 - B E E old (of thiDgL)4igyhrn

irono~mI-Mm E h c ~ c l n - H A n*MAH -+HA73go-&-MAH wh-ECEEh t o o what-she700 =--me& 7 - a m i - H A H n q b & - H d R ~ rs


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NOTES

Documents

livro de bolso etica antropologica