Phn m u

I T QUAN H

I. nh ngha

- Mnh quan h l mnh ph c ni vi mnh chnh bi cc i t quan h (who, whom, whose, which, that ) hay cc trng t quan h nh (where, when, why). Mnh quan h ng ngay ng sau danh t, i t trong mnh chnh b sung ngha cho danh t, i t y,phn bit danh t i t y vi cc danh t i t khc. Chc nng ca n ging nh mt tnh t do vy n cn c gi l mnh tnh ng.II. CC I T QUAN H1. Who: -L i t quan h ch ngi lm ch ng, ng sau tn ng ch ngi lm ch ng cho ng t ng sau n.-Theo sau who l mt ng tEg: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father. ->That is the boy who helped me to find your house.2. Whom: -L i t quan h ch ngi lm tn ng, ng sau tin ng ch ngi lm tn ng cho ng t ng sau n.-Theo sau whom l mt ch ngEg:The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.->The boy whom we are looking for is Tom.

3. Which:L i t quan h ch vt, lm ch ng hoc tn ng cho ng t sau n. -Theo sau which c th l mt ng t hoc mt ch ng.Eg:This is the book. I like it best.=> This is the book which I like best.

The hat is red. It is mine.=> The hat which is red is mine.

-Khi which lm tn ng, ta c th lc b which

Eg: This is the book I like best . .The dress (which) I bought yesterday is very beautiful. 4. That: L i t quan h ch c ngi ln vt, c th c dng thay cho Who, Whom, Which trong mnh quan h thuc loi Restricted Clause (Mnh xc nh)

Eg: That is the book that I like best.=>That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom.

My father is the person that I admire most.

I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park.

5.Whose:L i t quan h ch ngi, thay cho tnh t s hu. Whose cng c dng cho of which. -Theo sau Whose lun l 1 danh tEg: The boy is Tom. You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

=> The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.

John found a cat. Its leg was broken.

John found a cat whose leg was broken.

III. CC TRNG T QUAN H1. When: l trng t quan h ch thi gian, ng sau tin ng ch thi gian, dng thay cho at, on, in + which, then

Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting. (= on which)

Ill never forget the day when I met her.

(=on which)

That was the time when he managed the company. (= at which)

2. Where: l trng t quan h ch ni trn, thay cho a, on, in + which; there)

Eg: That is the house where we used to live. (= in which)

Do you know the country where I was born?

Hanoi is the place where I like to come.

3. Why: l trng t quan h ch l do, ng sau tin ng the reason, dng thay cho for the reasonEg:Please tell me the reason why you are so sad. (= for which)

He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before.

IV. CC LOI MNH QUAN H: c ba loi mnh quan h1.Mnh quan h xc nh ( restrictive relative clause)

-Mnh quan h xc nh dng b ngha cho danh t ng trc, l b phn quan trng ca cu,nu b i mnh chnh khng c ngha r rng.

Eg The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.

The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting.2.Mnh quan h khng xc nh (non- restrictive relative clause )-Mnh quan h khng xc nh dng b ngha cho danh t ng trc,l phn gii thch thm, nu b i mnh chnh vn cn ngha r rng.-Mnh quan h khng xc nh thng c ngn vi mnh chnh bi cc du phy. Danh t ng trc thng l tn ring hoc trc cc danh t thng c cc t nh: this, that, these, those, my, his herng trc.- Khng c dng that trong mnh khng xc nh.Eg My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor.

This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter.

3.Mnh quan h ni tip.- Mnh quan h ni tip dng gii thch c mt cu, trng hp ny ch dng i t quan h which v dng du phy tch hai mnh . Mnh ny lun ng cui cu.Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me.

Mary tore Toms letter, which made him sad.V.DNG RT GN CA MNH QUAN H: mnh quan h c th rt gn theo 4 cch:1.Using participle phrases (s dng hin ti phn t)- Present participle: Dng cho cc ng t trong mnh quan h th ch ng. Ta dng present participle phrase thay cho mnh (b i t quan h v tr ng t, a ng t chnh v nguyn mu ri thm ing)

The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.

The man sitting to you is my uncle.

Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?

Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

2.Using past participle: - Past participle: Dng cho cc ng t trong mnh quan h th b ng (B i t quan h, tr ng t v bt u cm t bng past participle)

Eg1The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.

The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.

The students punished by the teacher are lazy.

Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr. Pike.

The house built now belongs to Mr. Pike.

3.Using to infinitive or infinitive phrase (for sb to do): B i t quan h, b ch ng v tr ng t, bt u cm t bng infinitiveEnglish is an important language which we have to master.

=> English is an important language to master.

There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food.

=> There is a good restaurant to eat good food.

That is the hotel where we can stay.

=> That is the hotel to stay.

Here is the form that you must fill in.

=> Here is the form for you to fill in.

4.Using noun phrases: mnh quan h khng xch nh c th c rt gn bng cch dng cm danh t.Eg1 George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army.

George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army.

Eg2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain.We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain.

VI.GiI T I VI MNH QUAN H: -Ch c hai i t quan h l Whom v which thng c gii t i km v gii t c th ng trc cc i t quan h hoc cui mnh quan h.Eg1 The man about whom you are talkingis my brother.

The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother.

Eg2The picture at which you are looking is very expensive.The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive.

Ch :-Khi gii t ng cui mnh quan h th ta c th b i t quan h v c th dng that thay cho whom v which trong mnh quan h xc nh.-Khi gii t ng trc i t quan h th ta c khng th b i t quan h v c khng th dng that thay cho whom v which .

VII.Lu v mnh quan h1. Cc i t quan h c chc nng tn ng trong mnh quan h xc nh u c th lc b.Eg Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday?

Thats the house (which) I have bought.

-Tuy nhin cc i t quan h c chc nng tn ng trong mnh quan h khng xc nh khng th lc b.Eg Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan.2. Khi danh t c ni n l tn ng ca gii t, ta c th a gii t ng trc i t quan h. Trng hp ny ch c dng Whom v WhichMiss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher.

Mr. Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.

Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.

3. Ch cch dng ca cc cu trc m u cho mnh quan h: all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom

Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.

I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.

He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldnt answer.

Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.

They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.

There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.

4. Cc trng hp sau y thng phi dng thata. Khi cm t ng trc va l danh t ch ngi v vt

He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London

b. Sau cc tnh t so snh hn nht, first v last

This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen.

Moscow is the finest city that shes ever visited.

That is the last letter that he wrote.

She was the first person that broke the silence.

c. Sau cc t all, only (duy nht) v very (chnh l)

All that he can say is this.

I bought the only book that they had.

Youre the very man that I would like to see.

d. Sau cc i t bt nh

He never says anything that is worth listening to.

Ill tell you something that is very interesting.

WHO : dng th cho ch t - ngoi WHOM : dng th cho tc t - ngoi WHICH : dng th cho ch t ln tc t - vtWHEN :dng th cho thi gian WHERE :dng th cho ni chn THAT :dng th cho tt c cc ch trn ( c 2 ngoi l xem phn di )WHOSE :dng th cho s hu ,ngi / vt OF WHICH :dng th cho s hu vt WHY :dng th cho l do ( reason /cause )Phn Bit Gia Whose V Of Which

WHOSE : dng c cho ngi v vt This is the book .Its cover is nice -> This is the book whose cover is nice .-> This is the book the cover of which is nice WHOSE :ng troc danh t OF WHICH : ng sau danh t ( danh t phi thm THE )OF WHICH : ch dng cho vt ,khng dng cho ngi.This is the man . His son is my friend.-> This is the man the son of which is my friend.( sai )-> This is the man whose son is my friend.( ng

VIII.EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. Combine each pair of sentences using a relative pronoun or relative adverb

1. She is the most intelligent woman. Ive ever met this woman.2. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.3. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.4. The two young men are not good persons. You are acquainted with them.5. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.6. The man is my father. I respect this man most.7. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.8. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.9. Ill introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.10. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.11. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.12. The student is from china. He sits next to me.13. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.14. The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.15. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.16. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.17. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.18. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.19. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.20. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.21. You didnt tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.22. The day was rainy. She left on that day.23. Ive sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.24. That man is an artist. I dont remember the mans name.25. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.26. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good.27. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.28. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.29. Rod Lee has won an Oscar. I know his sister.30. Is this the style of hair? Your wife wants to have it.31. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.32. 7.05 is the time. My plane arrives then.33. Max isnt home yet. That worries me.34. Do you know the building? The windows of the building are painted green.35. Last week I went to see the house. I used to live in it.36. I dont know the girls name. Shes just gone into the hall.37. Be sure to follow the instructions. They are given at the top of the page.38. Hoan Kiem lake is a historical place. Its water is always blue.

II. Fill in the blanks with Relative pronouns or Relative adverbs where necessary

1. Let me see all the letters _______ you have written.

2. Is there any one ________ can help me do this?

3. Mr. Brown, _________ is only 34, is the director of this company.

4. I know a place __________ roses grow in abundance.

5. It was the nurse ________ told me to come in.

6. The teacher with ________, we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.

7. They showed me the hospital ________ buildings had been destroyed by US bombings.

8. We saw many soldiers and tanks ______ were moving to the front.

9. Dr. Fleming, _______ discovered penicillin, was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1945.

10. He joined the political party _______ was in power.

11. Love, ________ is a wonderful feeling, comes to everyone at some time in his life.

12. Freedom is something for _______ millions have given their lives.

13. It is easy to find faults in people ________ we dislike.

14. The really happy people are those _______ enjoy their daily work.

15. We must find a time _______ we can meet and a place _______ we can talk.

III. Use a Relative pronoun preceded by a preposition to combine each pair of sentences below:

1. This is a rare opportunity. You should take advantage of it to get a better job.

2. The boy is my cousin. You made fun of him.

3. This matter is of great importance. You should pay attention to it.

4. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.

5. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.

6. This is the result of our work. Im pleased with it.

7. There is a No parking sign. I do not take notice of it.

8. Mr. Brown is the man. I am responsible to him for my work.

9. Do you see my pen? I have just written the lesson with it.

10. We are crossing the meadow. We flew kites over it in our childhood.

IV. Use Relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences below:

1. This is the house. We often stay in this house in summer.

2. Ill show you the second hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop.

3. I have not decided the day. Ill go to London on that day.

4. He was born on the day. His father was away on that day.

5. The book is a telephone directory. We can look up telephone numbers in this book.

6. Mrs. Brown rang Dr. Brown. He was going to carry out an urgent operation at that moment.

7. The airport is the most modern one. Were going to arrive at this airport.

8. She doesnt want to speak of the cause. She divorced her husband of this cause.

9. The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days.

10. I never forget the park. We met each other for the first time at this park.

V. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases

1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?

2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.

5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.

7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.

8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.

9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.

10. George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

VI. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase

1. I dont like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.

2. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.

3. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.

4. The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

5. Ive got a bottle of wine but I havent got anything that I could open it with.

VII. Rewrite these sentences using a relative clause in place of the infinitive or infinitive phrases

1. The floor is dusty but I havent got a brush to sweep it. (with)

2. The pilot was the only man to survive in the crash.

3. He was the second person to be killed in this way.

4. I have just found a river to swim. (in)

5. This is a form for you to fill. (in)VIII Choose the best answer1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.

A. who B. whoseC. that D. B & C are corre

2) Whats the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in? A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. A & B are correct3) I dont like people ____ lose their tempers easily. A. whoB. whoseC. that

D. A & C are correct4) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world. A. whichB. whoseC. that

D. A & B are corre5) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father. A. who B. whose C. that

D.All are correct 6) Hes the man ____ people like at first sight. A. who B. whom C. that D. A & C are correct 7) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?

A. who B. whichC. that D. B & C are correct

8) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?

A. who B. whoseC. whomD. A & C are correct

9) The man____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.

A. who B. whoseC. whomD. A & C are correct

10) The artist ____ name I couldnt remember was one of the best I had ever seen.

A. who B. whoseC. thatD. A & C are correct

11) Frank invited Janet, ____ he had met in Japan, to the party.

A. who B. whoseC. thatD. A & C are correct

12 The girl ___ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the

award.

A. whose B. whomC. thatD. which

13) I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room.

A. whose B. whomC. whoD. which

14) There are too many poor people ____ do not have enough to eat in the world.

A. whose B. whomC. whoD. which

15) The trees ____ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.

A. whoseB. whomC. whoD. which

16) The teacher ____ teaches us French is coming today.

A. whomB. whoC. thatD. B & C are correct

17) Whats the music to ____ you are listening?

A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

18) I dont like the stories ____ have unhappy endings.

A. whoB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

19) The students ____ dont have library cards cant borrow books from the library.

A. who B. whichC. whomD. A & C are correct

20) Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. All are correct

21) Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio?

A. whoB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

22) This channel often shows the cartoons of ____ the children are very fond.

A. whomB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

23) The dress ____ she bought last week doesnt fit her well.

A. whomB. whichC. whoseD. B & C are correct

24) Do you know a shop ____ sells good coffee?

A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. A & B are correct

25) The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty.

A. whomB. whoC. whichD. A & B are correct

26) She fell in love with a man ____ was from another country.

A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whose

27) I like to write to friends ____ are living far away from me.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. A & C are correct

28) I bought some pencils ____ are in different colours.

A. whoseB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

29) She ate an apple ____ was still green.

A. whoB. whichC. whoseD. whom

30) This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young.

A. whichB. thatC. whereD. A & B are correct

31) Heres the paper ____ you need.

A. whomB. thatC. whoD. whose

32) The woman ____ has been arrested lives in an apartment.

A. thatB. whichC. whomD. A & C are correct

33) The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.

A. thatB. whichC. whoD. A & C are correct

34) The house in ____ I was born is for sale.

A. whichB. whomC. thatD. A & C are correct

35) That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.

A. whichB. whoseC. thatD. A & C are correct

36) What is the picture ____ you are looking at?

A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. A & C are correct

37) In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to

drink.

A. thatB. whichC. whomD. A & B are correct

38) There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.

A. thatB. whichC. whoD. A & B are correct

39) I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. All are correct

4o) Do you know the doctor for ____ I send?

A. whomB. thatC. whoD. All are correct

41) The man about ____ I was telling you is standing over there.

A. whoB. thatC. whomD. All are correct

42) The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.

A. whomB. thatC. whoD. All are correct

43) This is the man to ____ I gave some money this morning.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. All are correct

44) This is the result of our work ____ Im pleased with.

A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. A & C are correct

45) The problem in ____ we are very interested has been discussed in class.

A. thatB. whomC. whichD. A & C are correct

46) The boy ____ you made fun of yesterday is my cousin.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. All are correct

47)Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.

A. whoB. whomC. thatD. All are correct

48) We went to Sandras party, ____ we enjoyed very much.

A. whichB. whomC. thatD. who

49) John, ____ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.

A. whoseB. whomC. thatD. B & C are correct

50) Sheila, ____ job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.

A. whoseB. whomC. thatD. which

51) This new stadium, ____ can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month. A. that B. whose C. which D. A & B are correct

52) My brother, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor. A. who B. whom C.that D. A & B are correct

53) My office, ____ is on the second floor, is small. A. whose B. which C. who. .D. A & B are correct

54) She told me her address ____ I wrote down on a piece of paper. A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. A & B are correct55) The sun, ____ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.

A. whichB. thatC. whoD. A & B are correct56) Tom made a number of suggestions, most of ____ were very helpful.A. themB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

57) Mary has three brothers, all of ____ are married.60) The meeting I went was interesting.

A. to which B. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

58) We were given a lot of information, most of ____ was useless.

A. whichB. itC. thatD. All are correct

59) There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ____ I had met before.

A. themB. whomC. whoD. B & C are correct

60) I sent her two letters, neither of ____ she has received.

A. thatB. theseC. whichD. whom

61) A caf is a small restaurant ____ people can get a light meal.

A. whereB. whichC. thatD. All are correct

62) My room has a very large window ____ you can see the whole lake.

A. whichB. thatC. whereD. All are correct

63)Alaska, ____ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.

A. whichB. whereC. whoD. All are correct

64) This is the house ____ we often stay the summer.

A. whereB. whichC. thatD. All are correct

65) Do you remember the clock tower ____ I first met you?

A. whereB. whichC. thatD. All are correct

66) Tell me the reason ____ you were absent yesterday.

A. whereB. whenC. whyD. that

67) Do you know the reason ____ Laura doesnt like me?

A. whichB. whereC. thatD. why

68) There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.

A. whichB. whenC. thatD. A & B are correct

69) The house in ____ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten

years ago.

A. whichB. whereC. thatD. All are correct

70) Summer is the time of the year ____ the weather is the hottest.

A. whenB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

71) The reason ____ Jim has just lost his job is that he didnt work hard enough.

A. whyB. whichC. thatD. B & C are correct

72) They hid the money in a place ____ it was safe from robbers.

A. whichB. whereC. thatD. All are correct

73 ) Please tell me the reason for ____ I should let you go.

A. thatB. whichC. whyD. B & C are correct

74) I know a wood ____ you can find wild strawberries.

A. whereB. whichC. thatD. All are correct

75) Can you suggest a time at ____ it will be convenient to meet?

A. whichB. whenC. whyD. that

76) Is there any reason for ____ you should have a holiday?

A. whyB. whichC. thatD. A & B are correct

77) Tell me the countries ____ the traffic moves on the left-hand side. A. whereB. whichC. thatD. A & B are correct

78) We keep our bread in the bridge ____ it doesnt go bad.

A. sinceB. so thatC. althoughD. after

79) ____ these cars are cheap, they last a long time.

A. Because B. In order that C. Although D. After

80) You should give the iron time to heat up ____ you iron your clothes.

A. becauseB. so thatC. even though D. before

KEY TO EXERCISES ON RELATIVE CLAUSES

I.

1. She is the most intelligent woman whom Ive ever met.

2.This doctor whom you visited yesterday is famous.

3. These children whom she is taking care of are orphans.

4. The two young men whom you are acquainted with are not good persons.

5. My father whom you met this morning goes swimming everyday.

6. The man whom I respect most is my father.

7. The man whose opinion I respect most is my father.

8. Mary and Margaret whom you met yesterday are twins.

9. Ill introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project.

10. The middle-aged man is the director whom my father is talking to.

11. The boy whom you make fun of is my cousin.

12. The student who sits next to me is from China.

13. I thanked the woman who had helped me.

14. The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.

15. Mr. Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me.

16. I saw a lot of people and horses that went to the market.

17. Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married.

18. I recently went back to Paris, which is still as beautiful as a pearl.

19. I recently went back to Paris, in which I was born nearly 50 years ago.

20.Do you know the music which is being played on the radio?

21. You didnt tell us the reason for which we have to cut down our daily expenses.

22. The day on which she left was rainy.

23. Ive sent him two letters, neither of which he has received.

24. That man, whose name I dont remember, is an artist.

25. One of the elephants which we saw at the zoo had only one tusk.

26. That car, the engine of which is very good, belongs to Dr. Clark.

27. Thank you very much for the present which you sent me.

28. This is Mrs. Jones, whose son won the championship last year.

29. Ill introduce you the man whose support is necessary for your project.

30. Rod Lee, whose sister I know has won an Oscar.

31. Is this the style of hair which your wife wants to have?

32. A man who answered the phone said Tom was out.

33. 7.05 is the time at which my plane arrives.

34. Max isnt home yet, that worries me.

35. Do you know the building the windows of which are painted green?

36. Last week I went to see the house in which I used to live.

37. I dont know the name of the girl who has just gone into the hall.

38. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.

39. Hoan Kiem lake, the water of which is always blue, is a historical place.

II.

1. (

2. that

3. who

4. where

5. who

6. whom

7. where8. that

9. who

10. that (which)11. which12. which

13. (

14. who15. when/where

III.

1. This is a rare opportunity of which you should take advantage to get a better job.

2. The boy of whom you made fun of is my cousin.

3. This matter, to which you should,.is of great

4. The woman to whom . lives next door to me.

5. The examination in which I . lasted two days.

6. This is the result of our work, with which I am pleased.

7. There is a No parking sign of which we dont take notice.

8. Mr. Brown is the man to whom I am responsible for my work.

9. Do you see my pen, with which Ive just written the lesson.

10. We are crossing the meadow over which we flew kites in our childhood.

IV.

1. This is the house where we often stay in summer.

2. Ill show you the secondhand bookshop where you can find valuable books.

3. I have not decided the day when Ill go to London.

4. He was born on the day when his father was away.

5. The book in which we can look up telephone numbers is a telephone directory.

6. Mrs. Brown rang Dr. Brown when he was going to carry out an urgent operation.

7. The airport where were going to arrive is the most modern one.

8. She doesnt want to speak of the cause why she divorced her husband.

9. The days when I lived far from home were the saddest ones.

10. I never forget the park where we met each other for the first time.

V.

1. Do you know the woman coming towards us?

2. I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.

3. The children attending that school receive a good education.

4. The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

5. Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.

6. uncle.

7. The number of students counted They live in the house built in 1890.

8. The papers being on the table belong to Patrica.

9. The man talking to the policeman is my is quite high.

10. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.

VI.

1. I wish we had a garden for him to play.

2. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

3. The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights.

4. The first man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.

5. Ive got .. anything to open it.

VII.

1. The floor is dusty but I havent got a brush which sweeps it with.

2. The pilot was the only man who survived the crash.

3. He was the second person who was killed in this way.

4. I have just found a river in which we can swim.

5. This is a form which you have to fill in.

COMBINE THESE SENTENCES BY USING RELATIVE PRONOUN:

1. Chinese people have a very special kind of soup. This kind of soup is made from sharks fin.

2. A lot of fish died everyday. They live in the polluted sea.

3. We have a new teacher. I really like her.

4. Many people get sick or die every year. These people eat puffer fish, a very poisonous species.

5. She ll tell you the story. That story will surprise you.

6. The Nile is the home of a great variety of fish. The Nile is in Egypt.

7. Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium. It has various species of fish.

8. The movie Harry Potter is coming soon. Im longing to see it.

9. Then he was caught in the mouth of a while shark.It is one of the most dangerous sea creatures.

10. The most beautiful park is opposite my house. It has a lot of big trees.

11. The girl was injured in the accident . She is now in hospital.

12. A man anwered the phone. He told me you were away.

13. A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.

14. A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.

15. Some people were arrested . They have now been released.

16. . A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.

17. Petr is studying French and German. He has been abroad.

18. Youve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.

19. We are moving to Manchester.Manchester is the north west.

20. Ill stay with Adrian. His brother is one of my closet friends.

21. John Bridge is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.

22. The Earth is a planet. It can support life.

23. The book is about the girl. She runs away from home.

24. A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.

25. The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday.

26. She is the woman . I told you about her.

27. The man works in the hospital. I told you about him.

28. The picture was very beautiful. She was looking at it.

29. Ill give you the address. You should write to it.

30. The movie is very fantastic. They are talking about it.

31. The woman teaches me English. You are listening to her.

32. The scientists are making progress. They are reseaching the causes of cancer.

33. Do you know the woman? Who is coming toward us?

34. The people are getting wet. They are waiting for the bus in the rain.

35. The fence is made from wood. It surrounds our house.

36. The first person is Mr. Smith. We must see him.

37. He is a famous doctor inmy neighbour. You have just met his daughter last night.

38. Tet is a big occasion. The members of family gather on this occasion.

39. New York is a famous city. Everybody want to live in this city.

40. The country is very peaceful and fresh . The old people enjoy living there.

41. Trinh Cong Son composed songs. They are greatly liked by millions of Vietnamese people.

42. William is my uncle. I went fishing with william last Sunday..

43. Her book is widely read . It is well- written.

1. Coal, gas, and oil are ________________forms of energy that cant be replaced after used.

2. If you want to _______________to your favorite newspapers, please fill in this form.

3. The air in the city is heavily _______________.

4. This supermarket has a wide range of goods at very ______________prices.

5. We shouldnt _______________wildlife animals for entertainment and recreation.

III. GRAMMAR:

A. Fill in the gap with: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE.

1. We talk about the party ____________Sarah wants to organize for my birthday.

2. Don is a friend with ____________ I stayed in Australia.

3. Mrs. Richmond, ____________is 42 years old, does morning exercise every morning.

4. We cannot find the person____________car is blocking our driveway.

5. The film about____________they are talking is thrilling.

6. My uncle, ____________you met yesterday, is a famous lawyer in the town.

7. The police are questioning the woman____________purse was stolen outside the supermarket.

8. The girl ____________showed me the way to your house has a beautiful oval face.

9. The book ____________I received on my birthday is informative.

10. The company ____________products have high quality is facing with financial problem.

B. Combine the following pairs of sentences by using: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE.

1. I have some homework. I must do them tonight.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Mrs. Brooks is an experienced teacher. I have great respect for her.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. I have seen several houses. Most of them are quite unsuitable.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. I talked to a woman. Her car had broken on the way to the party.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The street is bad and narrow. It leads to the my school.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. She lives in a city. This city is one of the largest cities in Viet Nam.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V

1. The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. She is the only person who receives this scholarship.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. They refused to carry out the plan which was worked out by the city council.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. The people who were waiting for their children in the examination room looked nervous.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. My brother was the only man who realized the danger.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

1. Wind power, solar energy, and geothermal heat are ________________sources of energy in the future.

2. Solar energy is not only plentiful and ________________but also clean and safe to the environment.

3. Our government must ________________the act of killing endangered animals.

4. The place for transaction of Thanh Ba Post Office is very ________________.

5. How to make full use of geothermal heat is a question for many ________________.

III. GRAMMAR:

A. Fill in the gap with: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE.

1. Mark Twain is an author ____________ books I like best.

2. Where is the house in ____________they are living?

3. Her father ____________she looked after over twenty years died last year.

4. Ill give you the address ____________you could write to.

5. The students ____________names are printed on the board pass the final exam.

6. The man ____________I sat next to on the train smoked all the time.

7.The girl ____________showed me the way to your house has a beautiful oval face.

9. The book ____________I received on my birthday is informative.

10. Don is a friend with ____________ I stayed in Australia.

B. Combine the following pairs of sentences by using: WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or WHOSE.

1. John Smith is a farmer. I bough his land last year.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. They are decorating the house. The house has many white curtains.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. My grandfather enjoys hill walking. He is in his seventies.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. The children are eager to learn. You met them at the party last month.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Graham took us to his office. It was fill with books.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. The street is bad and narrow. It leads to the my school.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Reduce the following relative pronouns by using : VING, V3/VED, or TO-V

1. The man who teaches my son is my friend.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The computers which are used here are very old.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

3. John was the last person who left the room.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech last night?

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Theyve just delivered the goods that were ordered last week.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Mary was the second person who was rescued from the burning house.

(___________________________________________________________________________________________

Laws have been passed to ..killing endangered animalsThe girl was very helpful. You talked to her yesterday.

( ..

Animals should not be . for recreation and entertainmentThe factory was fined for ..chemiscal into the riverPeople are destroying the air by adding .to it.

The film was really interesting. They are talking about it.

( ..

1. The girl is my cousin. She chatted with you yesterday.

(...

2. The man is very kind. He spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen

(...

3. The architect designed these flats. He has moved to HCM City.

(...

4. The young boy is naughty. He rides an expensive motorbike.

(...

5. Im reading the book. I bought it in 1996.

(...

6. Do you know the man? He is sharing the flat with me.

(...

7. The young man is Bas brother. He is talking to our teacher.

(...

8. We visited the monument. It was built a hundred years ago.

(...

9. The boys are interested in the game. It is a popular game all over the world.

(...

10. You have no need to tell me the reason. You are often late for work for that reason.

(...

11. We visited the people. They are homeless after the flood.

(...

12. I dont like the films. They have unhappy ending.

(...

13. I know the man. His son broke your windows.

(...

14. The girl is very kind. Her parents work with me.

(...

15. The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers.

(...

16. She hasnt eat anything. This makes her parents worried. (...

17. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

(

18. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

(

19. Mr. Pike is excellent. I am taking his course.

(

20. Shakespeare wrote plays . People have enjoyed them for four centuries.

(

B. REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

1) Dng phn t:

a) Dng cm V-ing :

Dng cho cc mnh mang ngha ch ng Ex:a. The man who is standing there is my brother. b. The man standing there is my brotherb) Dng cm P.P: (V3/ V-ed)

Dng cho cc mnh mang ngha b ng . a. I like books which were written by Nguyen Du. b. I like books written by Nguyen Du.2) Dng cm to inf: (... Noun/ Pronoun + to infinitive / to be + P.P... )-Dng khi danh t ng trc c cc t sau y :ONLY, LAST, FIRST, SECOND...Ex: This is the only student who can do the problem. (ng t mang ngha ch ng) This is the only student to do the problem.-ng t l HAVE Ex: I have something that I must do now. (ng t mang ngha ch ng) I have something to do now.-Cu bt u bng: HERE (BE), THERE (BE)Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today. (ng t mang ngha b ng) There are six letters to be written today.GHI NH :Trong phn to inf ny cn nh 2 iu sau:- Nu ch t 2 mnh khc nhau th thm cm for sb trc to inf.Ex: We have some picture books that children can read. We have some picture books for children to read.Tuy nhin nu ch t l i t c ngha chung chung nh: we, you, everyone.... th c th khng cn ghi ra.Ex: Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about. Studying abroad is the wonderful (for us ) to think about.- Nu trc relative pronoun c gii t th phi em xung cui cu.Ex: We have a peg on which we can hang our coat. We have a peg to hang our coat on.3) Dng cm danh t (ng cch danh t )Dng khi mnh quan h c dng: S + BE + DANH T /CM DANH T/CM GII TCch lm:-b who ,which v be Ex: a. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. ( Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health. ( Football, a popular sport, is very good for health.Ex: b. Do you like the book which is on the table? (Do you like the book on the table?PHNG PHP LM BI LOI RT GN:Bc 1 : - Tm xem mnh tnh t nm ch no Bc ny d v mnh tnh t thng bt u bng WHO,WHICH,THAT...Bc 2 : Bc ny ch yu l rt gn mnh quan h thnh cm t1. Nhn xem mnh c cng thc S + BE + CM DANH T khng ? Nu c p dng cng thc 3 .2. Nu khng c cng thc th xem tip troc who which... c cc du hiu first ,only...v..v khng ,nu c th p dng cng thc 2 (to inf. ) lu thm xem 2 ch t c khc nhau khng ( dng for sb )3. Nu khng c 2 trong hp trn mi xt xem cu ch ng hay b ng m dng V-NG hay P.P..EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.

(

2. Ive got a bottle of wine but I havent got anything that I could open it with.

(

3. I dont like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in.

(

4. The floor is dirty but I havent got a brush that I can sweep it with.

(

5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box that I could keep them in.

(

6. She said that she wasnt going to buy any cards; she hadnt anyone to whom she could send cards.

(

7. You are the last person who saw her alive.

(

8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.

(

9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which had been built on the Clyde.

(

10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.

(

11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

(

12. Lady Astor was the first woman who took her seat in Parliament.

(

13. Here are some accounts that you must check.

(

14. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .

(

15. He was the man who was saved in the fire .

(

16. Anyone who doesnt want to take part in the meeting must inform the board.

(

17. The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.

(

18. .Shes just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin.

(

19. I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time.

(

20. The story which was told by my grandma was interesting.

(

EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:

1. Thats my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. where.

2. The plants which______________ in the living room need a lot of water.

A. are

B. be

C. is

D. was

3. Shes the woman_______________ sister looks after the baby for us.

A. who

B. which

C. thats

D. whose

4. Thats the doctor for________________ Cliff works.

A. that

B. which

C. whom

D. whose

5. Marie,______________ I met at the party, called me last night.

A. that

B. whom

C. which

D. whose

6. I remember Alice,______________ rode the bus to school with.

A. I

B. whom I

C. which I

D. who

7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.

A. where

B. when

C. which

D. that

8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D.

9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.

A.

B. where

C. she

D. which

10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this week.

A.

B. that

C. when

D. they

11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it

A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it

B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it

C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing

D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party

A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.

B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.

C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.

D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.

13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.

A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?

B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?

C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?

D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?

14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.

A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.

B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.

C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.

D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.

15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.

A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.

B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.

C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.

D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.

ANSWER:

EXERCISE 1: Combine each pair of sentences, using a relative pronoun.

1. The girl who/that chatted with you yesterday is my cousin.

2. The man who/that spent 15 minutes measuring our kitchen is very kind.

3. The architect who/that designed these flats has moved to HCM City.

4. The young boy who/that rides an expensive motorbike is naughty.

5. Im reading the book which/that I bought in 1996.

6. Do you know the man who/that is sharing the flat with me?

7. The young man who is talking to our teacher is Bas brother.

8. The monument which we visited was built a hundred years ago.

9. The game which/that the boys are interested in is a popular game all over the world.

10. You have no need to tell me the reason why/ for which you are often late for work.

11. The people who/that we visited are homeless after the flood.

12. I dont like the films which/that have unhappy ending.

13. I know the man whose son broke your windows.

14. The girl whose parents work with me is very kind.

15. The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers.

16. She hasnt eat anything, which makes her parents worried. 17. The student who/that sits next to me is from China.

18. I thanked the woman who/that had helped me.

19. Mr.Pike, whose course I am taking, is excellent.

20. People have enjoyed plays which/that Shakespeare wrote for four centuries.

EXERCISE 2: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

1. The child is lonely, he would be happier if he had someone to play with.

2. Ive got a bottle of wine but I havent got anything to open with.

3. I dont like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden for him to play in.

4. The floor is dirty but I havent got a brush to sweep with.

5. My files are all over the place. I wish I had a box to keep in.

6. She said that she wasnt going to buy any cards; she hadnt anyone to send cards to.

7. You are the last person to see her alive.

8. He simple loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to go.

9. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.

10. He was the second man to be killed in this way.

11. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.

12. Lady Astor was the first woman to take her seat in Parliament.

13. Here are some accounts for you to check.

14. People listening to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss .

15. He was the man saved in the fire .

16. Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board.

17. The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan.

18. .Shes just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin.

19. I met a man working in this factory for a long time.

20. The story told by my grandma was interesting.

EXERCISE 3: CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER:

1. B. 2. A. 3. D 4. C. 5. B. 6. B. 7. B. 8. B 9. C. 10. B.

11. D. 12. A. 13. B. 14. C. 15. B. RELATIVE CLAUSES(Mnh quan h)* i t quan h:1. WHO: ch t, ch ngiN (ngi) + WHO + V + O .2. WHOM:- lm tc t, ch ngi..N (ngi) + WHOM + S + V3. WHICH:- lm ch t hoc tc t, ch vt.N (thing) + WHICH + V + O.N (thing) + WHICH + S + V4. THAT:- c th thay th cho v tr ca who, whom, which trong mnh quan h quan h xc nh* Cc trng hp thng dng that:- khi i sau cc hnh thcso snh nht- khi i sau cc t:only, the first, the last- khi i sau cc i t bt nh, i t ph nh, i t ch s lng:no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.- khi danh t i trc bao gmc ngi v vt* Cc trng hp khng dng that:- trong mnh quan h khng xc nh- sau gii t5. WHOSE:dng ch s hu cho danh t ch ngi hoc vt, thng thay cho cc t:her, his, their, hoc hnh thc s..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V .6. WHY: m u cho mnh quan h ch l do, thng thay cho cmfor the reason, for that reason...N (reason) + WHY + S + V 7. WHERE: thay th t ch ni chn, thng thay chothere.N (place) + WHERE + S + V .(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)8. WHEN: thay th t ch thi gian, thng thay cho tthen.N (time) + WHEN + S + V (WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)* Mnh quan h1. Mnh quan h xc nh:dng khi danh tkhng xc nh, khng c du phy ngn cch vi mnh chnh.2. Mnh quan h khng xc nh:dng khi danh txc nh, c du phy ngn cch vi mnh chnh.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION(Mnh trng t ch s nhng b)1. Mnh ch s nhng b:Although / Even though / Though + S + V, S + V + O: mc d2. Cm t ch s nhng b:Despite / in spite of + V-ing / Noun phrase: mc d3. Rt gn mnh ch s nhng b thnh cm t ch s nhng b:a. Though / although + i t + be + adj.

Despite / In spite of + tnh t s hu + N

b. Though / although + N + be + adj.

Despite / in spite of + the + adj. + Na. Though / although + S + V + O

Despite / in spite of + V-ing + O(2 ch t phi ging nhau)

MODALS(ng t khim khuyt)1. May / mightK: May / Might + V1:P : May / Might not + V1:din t- s suy on (khng chc chn)- s xin php, cho php2. Must / mustntMust +V1: (phi), din t iu bt buc (c tnh ch quan)Mustnt + V1: (khng c), din t mt s cm on.3. have to + V1:phi, (c tnh khch quan)Note:Qu kh ca have to l had to + V1Ph nh ca have to l dont / doesnt / didnt have to + V14. should + V1 = ought to + V1: nn

CLAUSES AND PHRASES OF RESULT(Mnh v cm t ch kt qu)

1. Mnh ch kt qu:a. so .that(qu n ni)S+ be + so + adj. + that + S + V

S+ V thng + so + adv. + that + S + V

1. such . that(qu n ni)S+ V + such (a/an) + N + that + S + V 2. Cm t ch kt qu:a. enough .to( .. c th)S + be + adj. + enough (for O) + to-inf.(dng for+ O khi 2 ch t khc nhau)S + V thng + adv. + enough (for O) + to-inf.S + V + enough + N + to-inf.

b. too .to(qu .khng th)S + be (look / seem / become / get) + too + adj. (for O) + to-inf.S + V thng + too + adv. (for O) + to-inf.

T CH S LNG- many + N m c s nhiu:nhiu- much + N khng m c:nhiu- few + N m c s nhiu:t (khng dng)- a few + N m c s nhiu:t ( dng)- some + N m c, khng m c:mt vi, mt t- a lot of + N m c, khng m c:nhiu- little + N khng m c:t (khng dng)- a little + N khng m c:t ( dng)

HIN TI PHN T V QU KH PHN T(-ing and ed participles)

- Hin ti phn t: thng dng miu tvt, mang ch ng- Qu kh phn t thng dng miu tngi, mang b ng*Mt s hin ti phn t v qu kh phn t thng gpEx: suprise surprising surprised ngc nhin1. bore boring bored chn, d2. excite exciting excited ho hng, phn khi3. interest interesting interested th v, hng th4. amuse amusing amused bun ci, vui nhn5. disappoint disappointing disappointed tht vng6. tire tiring tired mt mi

MT S CU TRC KHC1. Li ni ph ha:a. ng theo mt cu khng nh,dng:- S + V tr + too.- So + V tr + S.b. ng theo cu ph nh,dng:- S + V tr (ph nh) + either.- Neither + V tr (khng nh) + S.2. Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing .?Do you mind if I + V (Hin ti n).?Would you mind if I + V (Qu kh n) .?3. i th qu kh n sang hin ti hon thnhS + last + V qu kh n + thi gian + ago.- S + V hin ti hon thnh (ph nh) + for + thi gian- Its + thi gian + since + S + last + V qu kh n.- The last time + S + V qu kh n + was + thi gian + ago.Ex: I last went to Dalat nine years ago.- I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- It --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The -----------------------------------------------------------------------------This is the first time + S + HTHT khng nh- S + HTHT never + beforeEx: This is the first time I have visited Hanoi.- I -------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. used toK: S + used to + V1( tng)P: S + didnt use to + V1(khng tng)NV: Did + S + use to + V1 ..?(c tng .khng)5. be used to / get used to + V-ing: quen vi6. It takes / took + O + time + to-inf.

7. S ngi + spend + time + V-ing

8. It is + adj. + to-inf .. V-ing + be + adj. : tht .. .

9. Cm t ch mc ch:S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1: S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1: khng

PRONUNCIATIONI. CCH PHT M -S/-ES- C 3 cch pht m s hoc es tn cng.* c thnh m/iz/vi nhng t c m cui l / s, z, , t, d /* c thnh m/s/vi nhng t c m cui l / p, t, k, f, /* c thnh m/z/ vi nhng trng hp cn liII. CCH PHT M ED- C 3 cch pht m ed tn cng.* c thnh m /id/ vi nhng t c m cui l / t, d /* c thnh m /t/ vi nhng t c m cui l /p, f, k, s, , t, /* c thnh m /d/ vi nhng trng hp cn liIII. TRNG M- Danh t tn cng OO hay OON: trng m t trn vn nyEx: afternoon, bamboo, balloon..- Nhng t c hu t l: -ade, -ee, -ese, -ette, -ique, -eer, -ain th trng m chnh ri vo ngay m tit Ex: lemonade, cigarette, Vietnamese, - m titlin trccc hu t-tion,-ical, -ual, -ian, -ical, -ity, -graphy, -ics, -logythng nhn trng mEx:, translation, economic, university, politician, sociology, mathematics- t mth 2trc cc hu t-ize, -aryEx: modernize, dictionary, imaginary

THNH LP T, T LOI1. Cch nhn bit t loi:a. Cnh nhn bit danh t: danh t thng c cc hu t sau:- tion / ationinvention, information-mentdevelopment, instrument- ence / ancedifference, importance- nesshappiness, business- er(ch ngi) teacher, worker, writer, singer- or(ch ngi) inventor, actor- ist(ch ngi) physicist, biologist- ageteenage, marriage- shipfriendship, championshipb. Cnh nhn bit tnh t: tnh t thng c cc hu t sau:- fuluseful, helpful, beautiful- less(ngha ph nh)homeless, careless(noun) - al(thuc v)natural, agricultural- ousdangerous, famous- iveexpensive, active- icelectric, economic- ablefashionable, comfortablec . Cnh nhn bit trng t: trng t thng c hu t-LY.Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ...Lu :Mt s trng t c bit cn ghi nh:- good (a) well (adv): gii, tt- late (a) late / lately (adv): tr, chm- ill (a) ill (adv): xu, ti, km- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh- hard (a) hard (adv): tch cc, vt v, chm chhardly (adv): hu nh khng2. Chc nng ca mt s t loi:a. Danh t (Noun)

Sau tnh t (adj + N)They are interestingbooks.

Sau- mo t:a /an / the- t ch nh:this, that, these, those, every, each, - t ch s lng:many, some, few, little, several...- tnh t s hu:my, his, her, your, our, their, itsHe is astudent.Theseflowersare beautiful.She needs somewater.

Sau ngoi ng t (VcnO)She buysbooks.She meets a lot ofpeople.

Sau gii t (prep. + N)He talked aboutthe storyyesterday.He is interested inmusic.

Trc Vchia th (N lm ch t)The mainhas just arrived.

Sau enough (enough + N)I dont have enoughmoneyto buy that house.

b. Tnh t (Adj)

Trc N (Adj + N)This is aninterestingbooks.

Sau TO BEI amtired.

Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem It becomeshot.She feelssad.

Sau trng t (adv + adj)It is extremelycold.Im terriblysorry.She is verybeautiful.

Sau too ( be + too + adj)That house is toosmall.

Trc enough (be + adj + enough)The house isntlargeenough.

Trong cu trc: be + so + adj + thatShe was soangrythat she cant speak.

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, + (Adj) +NounMynewcar is blue.

c. Trng t (Adv)

Sau V thngHe drovecarefully.

Trc AdjI meet anextremelyhandsome man.

Gia cm VShehasalreadyfinishedthe job.

u cuhoctrcdu phyUnfortunately,I couldnt come the party.

Sau too V + too + advThey walked tooslowlyto catch the bus.

Trong cu trc V + so + adv + thatJack drove sofastthat he caused an accident.

Trc enough V + adv + enoughYou should writeclearlyenough for every body to read.

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