àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_- 2012

^mfm ^mJ - 1

B`ËVm - 1 br Vo 8 dr

_hmamîQ´> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, nwUo - 30

({dXçm n[afX)

‘amR>r (àW‘ ^mfm) � qhXr (X²{dVr¶ ^mfm) g§nyU©

B§J«Or (V¥Vr¶ mfm) A{Zdm¶©

-: {df¶ :-

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (XmoZ$)

� àdV©H$

embo¶ {ejU d H«$sS>m {d^mJ, ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶

� àoaUm d ‘mJ©Xe©Z

‘m. Ana ‘w»¶ g{Md, embo¶ {ejU d H«$sS>m {d^mJ, ‘hmamîQ´> emgZ

� {Z{‘©Vr d àH$meZ

‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo.

� g§nmXH$ d àH$meH$

Zm‘Xodamd OaJ, g§MmbH$, _hmamîQ´> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo.

� H$m¶©H$mar g§nmXH$

S>m°. eHw§$Vbm H$mio, ghg§MmbH$, _hmamîQ> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo.

{XZH$a nmQ>rb, ghg§MmbH$, _hmamîQ´> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo

� g‘Ýd¶H$

b. b. qeXo, Cng§MmbH$, _hmamîQ> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo.

JmoqdX Iwa§Jo, {d^mJà‘wI, Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZ {d^mJ,

_hmamîQ> amÁ` e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ({dXçm n[afX) nwUo.

B S>m°. gw{ZVm OJXmio, {df¶VÁk, Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZ {d^mJ

B amOlr d¡Xç, g‘Ýd¶H$, Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZ {d^mJ

� àVr - 100, E{àb 2013

� ‘wÐH$ - éZm J«m{’$³g,

g. Z§. 64, {hñgm 1-2/1 dS>Jmd ~wÐþH$, qghJS> amoS>, nwUo 41.

� © gd© h³H$ àH$meH$mÀ¶m ñdmYrZ

� AW©ghmæ¶ - ‘hmamîQ´> àmW{‘H$ {ejU n[afX, ‘w§~B©

***

àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ - 2012^mfm ^mJ - 1B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (VrZ)

àmW{_H$ {ejU Aä`mgH«$_ - 2012^mfm ^mJ - 1B`ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr

AZwH«$_{UH$m

A. H«$. {df¶ n¥îR> H«$.

àñVmdZm ............................................................................................. Mma

1. ‘amR>r (àW‘ ^mfm) ................................................................................ 1

2. qhXr (X²{dVr¶ ^mfm) g§nyU© ................................................................. 167

3. B§J«Or (V¥Vr¶ ^mfm) A{Zdm¶© .............................................................. 259

4. n[a{eîQ>o ............................................................................................ 3431) amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005 Zwgma àmW{‘H$ {ejU (B. 1br Vo 8dr) Aä¶mgH«$‘

nwZa©MZogmR>r amÁ¶ñVar¶ g{‘Vr d {df¶{Zhm¶ Aä¶mg‘§S>io J{R>V H$ê$Z A§‘b~OmdUr H$aʶm~m~V

emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ nrAmaB© 1411/(175/11) àm{e-5, {XZm§H$ 27 Owb¡ 2012

2) amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005, ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009

d ‘hmamîQ> amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 Zwgma B. 1br Vo 8dr À¶m nwZa©{MV Aä¶mgH«$‘mZwgma

gwYm[aV {df¶aMZog ‘mݶVm Xoʶm~m~V emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ nrAmaB© 1212/(6/12)/àm{e-5

{XZm§H$ 20 OyZ 2012

3) gZ 2010-11 ¶m e¡j{UH$ dfm©nmgyZ B. 1br Vo 8dr gmR>r (àmW{‘H$ ñVa) gmV˶nyU© gdªH$f

‘y붑mnZ H$m¶©nX²YVr bmJy H$aʶm~m~V emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ nrAmaB© 2010/(136/10)/àm{e-

5 {X. 20 Am°JñQ> 2010

4) e¡j{UH$ dfm©‘Yrb H$m‘mMo {H$‘mZ {Xdg, {ejUmMo Vmg d {ejH$m§gmR>r à˶oH$ AmR>dS>çmbm {H$‘mZ Vmg

{ZpíMV H$aUo~m~V emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ nrAmaB©/1010/à.H«$.114/àm{e-1 {XZm§H$ 29 E{àb 2011.

5) embo¶ B§J«Orgh Aݶ A‘amR>r ‘mܶ‘mÀ¶m emim§‘YyZ ‘amR>r (^mfm) {df¶ AܶmnZ A{Zdm¶©

H$aÊmo~m~V emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ gwàmA 2006/(164/06)/ àm{e- 5 {XZm§H$ 4 ’o$~«wdmar, 2009.

6) àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 (B. 1br Vo 8dr) À¶m ‘gwX²¶mg ‘mݶVm Xoʶm~m~V emgZ

{ZU©¶ H«$. nrAmaB© 1411/(175/11)àm{e-5, {X. 28 {S>g|~a, 2012.

7) {df¶{Zhm¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mMo g‘rjU H$aUmè¶m {deof VÁkm§Mr gyMr.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (Mma$)

àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ - 2012^mfm ^mJ - 1

B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dràñVmdZm

nmíd© y‘r …

1. {ejUmMo à¶moOZ Am{U gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU …

embo¶ {ejUmMm àma§ hm ‘wbmÀ¶m {dH$mgmÀ¶m ‘mJm©daMm ‘hËËdmMm Q>ßnm AgVmo. n[agamVyZ

KS>Umè¶m ghO {ejUmbm, emio‘ܶo n[anyU© ì¶p³V‘ËËd OS>U KS>UrgmR>r {ejUemór¶, H$mb‘¶m©{XV,

{Z¶moOZmMr OmoS> {‘iVo. ho {Z¶moOZ gmܶ H$aʶmgmR>r emim, {ejH$, n¶©dojH$s¶ ¶§ÌUm Ago nmR>~i

àmßV hmoVo. {ejUm‘wio 춳Vr ñdV…Mm {dH$mg gmYV AgVmZm modVmbÀ¶m g‘mOmMr g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U

na§nam ñdrH$mê$Z g‘mOmV gm‘mdbr OmVo. g‘mOmÀ¶m {dH$mgmÀ¶m AmH$m§jm nyU© H$aʶmgmR>rhr {e{jV

춳Vr A{YH$ gj‘ R>aVo. 춳Vr, g‘mO Am{U amîQ´>mMo ì¶{³V‘ËËd gj‘ Am{U g‘¥X²Y H$aʶmg

{ejU H|${Ð yV R>aVo.

{ejUmMo ho {dbjU gm‘϶© OmUyZM à˶oH$mbm JwUdËVmnyU© {ejU {‘imdo ¶mgmR>r g‘mOgwYmaH$m§Zr

{Za§Va Am{U àg§Jr g§Kf©nyU© à¶ËZ Ho$bo. ‘hmamîQ´>m‘ܶo Wmoa gwYmaH$m§Zr {Za{Zamiçm n¶m©¶m§Mm Adb§~

H$ê$Z ‘wbr, AZwgy{MV OmVr-O‘mVrMr ‘wbo, ¶m Am{U Aem d§{MVmn¶ªV {ejU nmohmoMʶmgmR>r Ho$boë¶m

à¶ËZm§Mr EH$ àoaUmXm¶r na§nam {Z‘m©U Pmbr. AWm©V JwUdËVmnyU© {ejUmÀ¶m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUmMo ܶo¶

gmܶ H$aʶmgmR>r AOyZ ~arM dmQ>Mmb ~mH$s Amho. ¶m dmQ>MmbrMr JVr AZoH$ gwOmU 춳Vr/g§ñWm,

gd© {ejm A{^¶mZgmaIo {ZpíMV {Xem Am{U H$mb‘¶m©Xm AgUmao H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m¶‘ amIʶmg ‘XV

H$arV AmhoV. ^maV gaH$maZo ~mbH$mÀ¶m ‘mo’$V Am{U g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009

¶m H$m¶XçmMr A§‘b~OmdUr gwê$ Ho$br Amho. ˶m‘wio JwUdËVmnyU© {ejUmÀ¶m gmd©{ÌH$sH$aUmbm EH$

{ZpíMV ì¶mßVr Am{U e³Vr bm^br Amho.

2. àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr dmQ>Mmb …

{ejUmVyZ Ano{jV ì¶{³V‘ËËd{dH$mg gmܶ H$aʶmgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘ ‘hËËdmMr y{‘H$m ~OmdVmo.

H$moU˶m d¶mV H$m¶, {H$Vr Am{U H$go {eH$m¶Mo ho Aä¶mgH«$‘ {ZpíMV H$arV Agë¶m‘wio Aä¶mgH«$‘

hm {ejUmÀ¶m JwUdËVoMo A{d^mÁ¶ A§J Amho. ˶m‘wio gw¶mo½¶ Am{U n[an³d Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr {Z{‘©Vr hr

JwUdËVm gmYʶmÀ¶m dmQ>odaMo ‘hËËdmMo nmD$b R>aVo. g‘mOmÀ¶m JaOm d Amem AmH$m§jm, g‘mOmMm

B{Vhmg, d¡km{ZH$ àJVr, BVa gm‘m{OH$ d amOH$s¶ KS>m‘moS>r, {ejUemóm‘Yrb àJVr, amîQ´>r¶ d

amÁ¶mMr YmoaUo ¶m§Mr XIb KoUmam Aä¶mgH«$‘ H$mbgwg§JV d XO}Xma hmoVmo. na§Vw ho gd©M KQ>H$ J{V‘mZ

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (nmM)

Agë¶mZo Aä¶mgH«$‘mbmhr J{V‘mZ amhmdo bmJVo. amÁ¶mÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV AZoH$ doim n[apñWVrZwgma

~Xb Pmbo AmhoV. ˶m§Mm YmdVm AmT>mdm KoUo Cn¶w³V R>aob.

2.1 amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ YmoaU - 1968 :- S>m°. H$moR>mar ¶m§À¶m AܶjVoImbr Zo‘boë¶m amîQ´>r¶ {ejU

Am¶moJmZo (1964-66) Ho$boë¶m {e’$maetMm {dMma H$ê$Z ho YmoaU {ZpíMV H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m

YmoaUm‘wio maVmVrb {Za{Zamiçm amÁ¶m§Mo mfm{df¶H$ YmoaU, {ejUmMm AmH¥${V~§Y ¶m‘ܶo g‘mZVm

¶oʶmg MmbZm {‘imbr. VgoM H$m¶m©Zw d {df¶mg MmbZm {‘iʶmg ‘XV Pmbr.

2.2 àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 1968 :- ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶mMr ñWmnZm Pmbr ˶mdoir ZmJnya, npíM‘

‘hmamîQ´> d ‘amR>dmS>m ¶m VrZ {d^mJm§V {Za{Zamio Aä¶mgH«$‘ gwê$ hmoVo. ˶m§Mo EH$gyÌrH$aU H$ê$Z d

˶m§Mr C§Mr dmT>dyZ emñÌr¶ nX²YVrZo àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 1968 V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambm. ¶m

Aä¶mgH«$‘mÀ¶m 10 ‘yb yV CX²{XîQ>m§n¡H$s àW‘ CX²{XîQ> '{ejUm{df¶r AmdS> {Z‘m©U hmoD$Z Aܶ¶ZmÀ¶m

nm¶m yV gmYZm§da nwaogo à wËd g§nmXVm ¶mdo' Ago hmoVo.

2.3 {ejU {df¶mMm g‘dVu gyMr‘ܶo g‘mdoe :- {ejUm‘ܶo amîQ´>r¶ ñVamda EH$gyÌVm AgʶmMr

JaO hmoVr ˶mM~amo~a {ejUmMo {Z¶moOZ H$aVmZm amÁ¶mÀ¶m ñWm{ZH$ JaOm Am{U na§nam ¶m§Mrhr XIb

KoUo JaOoMo hmoVo. ˶mÑîQ>rZo amÁ¶mÀ¶m AI˶m[aV AgUmam hm {df¶ amÁ¶ d H|$Ð ¶m XmoÝhrÀ¶m g‘dVu

gyMr‘ܶo AgUo Amdí¶H$ hmoVo. 1976 ‘ܶo g§{dYmZmV XþéñVr H$ê$Z {ejU ¶m {df¶mMm g‘mdoe

g‘dVu gyMr‘ܶo H$aʶmV Ambm.

2.4 amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ YmoaU - 1986 :- Xoe^amV e¡j{UH$ {dMma‘§WZ KS>dyZ AmUyZ ho YmoaU {ZpíMV

H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m YmoaUm‘ܶo {ejUmnmgyZ d§{MV AgUmè¶m gd© àH$maÀ¶m JQ>m§Zm {ejUmMr g‘mZ

g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z Xoʶmda ^a XoʶmV Ambm. "ISy>-’$im ‘mo{h‘oX²dmao' emim§À¶m ‘yb yV ^m¡{VH$

JaOm§Mr nyV©Vm, ‘w³V {dXçmnrR>, ~mbH$ H|${ÐV {ejU amîQ´>r¶ Jm^m KQ>H$ hr ¶m YmoaUmMr ‘hËËdmMr

’${bVo AmhoV. ¶m YmoaUmVrb CX²{XîQ>m§Mr à˶j A§‘b~OmdUr H$aʶmgmR>r 1992 ‘ܶo EH$ H¥${VH$m¶©H«$‘hr

V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambm.

2.5 àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 1988 :- amîQ´>r¶ e¡j{UH$ YmoaUmbm AZwgê$Z ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr

aMZm H$aʶmV Ambr. H$moUVmhr Ame¶ {eH${dVmZm ˶mVyZ {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m dV©ZmV Zo‘Ho$ H$moUVo ~Xb

Ano{jV AmhoV ho ñnîQ> H$aUmè¶m "Aܶ¶Z {ZînËVr' ho ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMo d¡{eîQ>ç hmoVo. ˶mMà‘mUo

‘y붑mnZm{df¶rÀ¶m Zo‘³¶m gyMZm§Mm ˶mV g‘mdoe hmoVm.

2.6 j‘Vm{YpîR>V àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 1995 :- S>m°. Ama. EM. Xdo ¶m§À¶m AܶjVoImbrb

g{‘VrZo 1990 ‘ܶo B. n{hbr Vo nmMdr ¶m ñVamgmR>r ‘mV¥ mfm, J{UV d n[aga Aä¶mg ¶m

{df¶m§gmR>r lo{U~X²Y ‘m§S>Ur AgUmè¶m {H$‘mZ Aܶ¶Z j‘Vm {ZpíMV Ho$ë¶m. ˶m‘ܶo amÁ¶mÀ¶m

ÑpîQ>H$moZmVyZ ¶mo½¶ Vo ~Xb H$ê$Z ^mfm, J{UV (B. 1 br Vo 5 dr) VgoM {dkmZ (B. 3 ar Vo 5 dr)

¶m {df¶m§À¶m j‘Vm§Mm g‘mdoe AgUmam j‘Vm{YpîR>V Aä¶mgH«$‘ V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambm.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (ghm)

2.7 B§J«Or {df¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ : - (B¶ËVm n{hbr Vo Mm¡Wr) OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMo ¶wJ gwê$ Pmë¶mda {dkmZ-

V§ÌkmZmMr ^mfm åhUyZ VgoM Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ g§nH©$ ^mfm åhUyZ B§J«Or ^mfoMo ‘hËËd dmTy> bmJbo.

g‘mOm‘ܶohr ¶m ^mfoMo AmH$f©U dmTy> bmJbo. na§Vw B§J«Or ^mfoMr Anwar V¶mar d ì¶dhmamV B§J«OrMm

dmna H$aVmZm AmË‘{dídmgmMm A^md ¶m‘wio amÁ¶mVrb ‘wbo ‘mJo nS>V Agë¶mMo {XgyZ Ambo. ¶m

nmíd© y‘rda ‘hmamîQ´> emgZmZo àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb B§J«Or ‘mܶ‘m{edm¶ Aݶ ‘mܶ‘m§À¶m emim§‘ܶo

OyZ 2000 nmgyZ B¶ËVm n{hbrnmgyZ B§J«Or hm EH$ {df¶ åhUyZ gwê$ H$aʶmMm {ZU©¶ KoVbm. ¶m

{ZU©¶mZwgma B§J«OrMm Aä¶mgH«$‘ V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambm.

2.8 amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m, 2000 : - ¶m AmamIS>çm‘ܶo H$mhr ‘hËËdmMo e¡j{UH$ ‘wX²Xo

nwT>rbà‘mUo AmhoV

- à¶moJ Am{U H$mimÀ¶m H$gmoQ>rda CVaboë¶m AZw dm§À¶m AmYmao Aä¶mgH«$‘ Am{U Aܶ¶Z-

gm{h˶ ~mbH|${ÐV H$aUo.

- narjm nX²YVrV gwYmaUm H$aUo, gmV˶nyU© gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZmÀ¶m H$m¶©nX²YVrMm Adb§~

H$aUo, ‘y붑mnZ nX²YVr‘ܶo Aem àH$mao Ho$boë¶m ~Xbm§X²dmao Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ nX²²YVr‘ܶo

~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUo.

2.9 àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 2004 :- hm Aä¶mgH«$‘ amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m, 2000À¶m

AmYmao V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambm.

2.10 amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m, 2005 :- àm. ¶enmb g{‘VrÀ¶m Amo¶m{dZm Aܶ¶Z (Learning

without Burden) ¶m AhdmbmVrb {e’$maetÀ¶m g§X m©V amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2000 Mo nwZ{d©bmoH$Z

H$aʶmgmR>r àm. ¶enmb ¶m§À¶m ZoV¥ËdmImbr nwÝhm EH$Xm EH$ amîQ>r¶ gwH$mUy g{‘Vr {Z¶w³V H$aʶmV Ambr.

VgoM embo¶{df¶, {ejU à{H«$¶m, Om{Udm ¶m§À¶m gXçpñWVrMm doY Am{U nwT>rb H$m¶©dmhr{df¶r qMVZmgmR>r

21 PmoV JQ>m§Mr (focus groups) ñWmnZm H$aʶmV Ambr. {Za{Zamù¶m amÁ¶mVrb EggrB©AmaQ>r/

g‘H$j g§ñWm, e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm d ñd¶§godr g§ñWm VgoM {ejUVÁk ¶m§À¶mer ¶m JQ>m§‘m’©$V gëbm‘gbV

H$aʶmV Ambr. ¶mVyZ amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005 Mr (EZgrE’$ 2005) {Z{‘©Vr Pmbr. ¶m

AmamIS>çmÀ¶m AmYmao àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 2012 Mr nwZa©MZm H$aʶmV Ambr.

2.11 ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 :-

àmW{‘H$ Am{U ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVam§darb Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmVmn¶ªV {^ÝZdoir V¶ma Pmë¶m‘wio ˶mVrb

ÑpîQ>H$moZ, Ame¶, CX²{XîQ>o ¶mV gbJVm, EH$gyÌVm amIVmZm AS>MUr OmUdë¶m. na§Vw ¶mdoir àW‘M

g§~§{YV g§ñWm§Zr EH${ÌVnUo B. n{hbr Vo ~mamdrn¶ªVMm AmamIS>m ‘hmamîQ> amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m,

2010 {dH${gV Ho$bm. ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ ‘mܶ{‘H$ d CÀM ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejU ‘§S>i, nwUo; ‘hmamîQ´>

àmW{‘H$ {ejU n[afX, ‘w§~B©; ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, nwUo d ‘hmamîQ´>

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (gmV)

amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo ¶m g§ñWm§Zr nañnam§er g‘Ýd¶ gmYyZ ¶m

AmamIS>çmMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br.

hm AmamIS>m V¶ma H$aVmZm NCF-2005 Mm AmYma AgUmè¶m 21 e¡j{UH$ {df¶m§darb

gXçpñWVrXe©H$ Ahdmbm§Mo (nmo{PeZ nong©) amÁ¶mVrb n[apñWVr g§X^m©V AdbmoH$Z H$aʶmV Ambo.

˶mAmYmao amÁ¶mVrb embo¶ {df¶, Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ nX²YVr, ‘y붑mnZ Am{U AmZwf§{JH$ {df¶m§da

amÁ¶mV H$moUVr H$m¶©dmhr Amdí¶H$ Amho ho XmI{dUmao XñVmdoO V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m gd© XñVmdoOm§Mo

g§H$bZ EH$m g‘Ýd¶ g{‘Vr‘m’©$V H$ê$Z amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2010 Mm ‘gwXm V¶ma H$aʶmV

Ambm. Vmo do~gmB©Q>da VgoM ‘w{ÐV ñdê$nmV àH$m{eV H$ê$Z ˶mda {d^mJr¶ ‘§S>i{Zhm¶ H$m¶©emim§VyZ

àmßV A{^àm¶mX²dmao hm ‘gwXm A§{V‘ H$aʶmV Ambm. 12 Am°³Q>mo~a 2011À¶m nÌmÝd¶o ¶m AmamIS>çmg

emgZmZo ‘mݶVm {Xbr.

2.12 {dXçm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aUmMr {Z¶w³Vr :-

~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 ‘ܶo gy{MV Ho$ë¶mZwgma 7 ‘mM©

2012À¶m A{YgyMZoX²dmao ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, nwUo ¶m g§ñWog

{dXçm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aU åhUyZ {Z¶w³V H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m àm{YH$aUmH$S>o Aä¶mgH«$‘ d ‘y붑mnZ

nX²YVr {ZpíMVr H$aʶmMr O~m~Xmar gmon{dʶmV Ambr. ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$

A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 ‘Yrb H$b‘ H«$. 29 (2) ‘ܶo ¶m O~m~XmarMm A{YH$ Vnerb nwT>rbà‘mUo Z‘yX

Ho$bm Amho.

1) g§{dYmZmË‘H$ ‘yë¶m§er gwg§JVr amIUo.

2) ‘wbm§Mm gdmªJrU {dH$mg gmYUo.

3) ‘wbm§Mo kmZ, H$m¶©j‘Vm d ~wX²{Y‘ËVm ¶m§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo.

4) ‘wbm§À¶m emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm§Mm n[anyU© {dH$mg H$aUo.

5) ‘wbm§Zm emoY KoUmè¶m VgoM BVa C{MV H¥$Vt‘YyZ ~mbH|${ÐV nX²YVrZo ~mbñZohr dmVmdaUmV ‘wbm§Mo

Aܶ¶Z KS>dyZ AmUUo.

6) ‘wbmbm e³¶Vmo ‘mV¥ mfoVyZ {ejU XoUo.

7) ‘wbm§Zm rVr Am{U Vrd« XS>nU ¶m§nmgyZ ‘w³V R>odUo. ˶m§À¶m H$ënZm ‘Z‘moH$ionUo ‘m§S>ʶmgmR>r ‘XV

H$aUo.

8) ‘wbm§Zr {‘i{dboë¶m kmZmMo AmH$bZ d ˶mMo Cn¶moOZ H$aʶmMr j‘Vm ¶m§À¶m {dH$mgmMo gmV˶nyU©

gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZ H$aUo.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (AmR>$)

3 Aä¶mgH«$‘ nwZa©MZoMr JaO :

3.1 {d{dY e¡j{UH$ KS>m‘moS>r : amîQ>r¶ e¡j{UH$ YmoaU 1986 VgoM amîQ>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2000

(NCF-2000) da AmYm[aV àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2004 Mr A§‘b~OmdUr gwê$ AgVmZmM

H|$ÐemgZm‘m’©$V EZ.gr.E’$. 2005, àM{bV Aä¶mgH«$‘mMo nwZ{d©bmoH$Z H$aʶmgmR>r {d{dY amÁ¶m§Zm

nmR>{dʶmV Ambm. {dXçm϶mªZr ñdV:À¶m AZw dmÀ¶m AmYmao kmZ{Z{‘©Vr H$amdr, {Za{Zamù¶m n¶m©¶m§Mm

Adb§~ H$ê$Z Ame¶mMo AmoPo H$‘r H$amdo B. e¡j{UH$ VËËdm§À¶m {ZH$fm§da àM{bV Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr

N>mZZr H$ê$Z JaOoZwgma ˶mV ~Xb H$aʶmMo gy{MV H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m ÑîQ>rZo nyd©V¶mar gwê$

AgVmZmM amÁ¶mV {ejU h³H$ H$m¶Xm, 2009 bmJy H$ê$Z {ejUmMo gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU d JwUdËVoÀ¶m

ÑîQ>rZo AmUIr EH$ R>mog nmD$b CMbbo Jobo. H$m¶XçmZwgma Ano{jV gmV˶nyU© gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZmMr

¶moOZm amÁ¶mZo Xoem‘ܶo gdm©V AmYr bmJy Ho$br. ˶mVrb AmH$m[aH$ d g§H${bV ‘y붑mnZ gmYZ

V§Ìm§Mm g‘mdoe Aä¶mgH«$‘mV H$aʶmMr Amdí¶H$Vm {Z‘m©U Pmbr. ¶m gd© XñVmdoOm§‘Yrb Anojm§Mr

XIb KoʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo amÁ¶mZo àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2004 Mr nwZa©MZm H$aʶmMm {ZU©¶

KoʶmV Ambm.

3.2 OmJ{VH$sH$aUmMr d BVa AmìhmZo :- AmOy~mOybm KS>Umè¶m ~Xbm§Mr XIb H$moU˶mhr Aä¶mgH«$‘

aMZoÀ¶m doir ¿¶mdrM bmJVo. ¶m ~Xbm§‘wio {Z‘m©U hmoUmè¶m AmìhmZm§Zm Vm|S> XoʶmgmR>r Aä¶mgH«$‘mV

¶Wm¶mo½¶ Ame¶mMm g‘mdoe H$amdm bmJVmo. H$mhr AmìhmZo ZdrZ AgVmV Va H$mhr AmìhmZo H$R>rU

Agë¶m‘wio à˶oH$ doir Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm H$aVmZm ˶m§Mm {dMma H$amdm bmJVmo. ˶mM~amo~a ¶oUmè¶m

^{dî¶mV H$moUVr Zdr AmìhmZo C^r R>mH$Uma AmhoV ¶mMmhr doY ¿¶mdm bmJVmo. àmW{‘H$ {ejU

Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 Mr aMZm H$aVmZm XoIrb H$mhr ‘hËËdmMr AmìhmZo S>moù¶m§g‘moa R>odbr AmhoV.

3.2.1 ‘m{hVrMo ì¶dñWmnZ : - ‘wÐUmÀ¶m emoYmnydu ‘m{hVrMo g§H$bZ H$aUo qH$dm Vr nwT>À¶m {nT>rn¶ªV

nmohmoM{dUo gmono ZìhVo. EH$m {nT>rZo Vr nmR> H$ê$Z qH$dm {bhÿZ Xþgè¶m {nT>rn¶ªV nmohmoM{dUo H«$‘àmßV hmoVo.

‘wÐUmÀ¶m emoYmZ§Va, ‘m{hVrMo EH$ÌrH$aU H$aUo gmono Pmbo. g§JUH$ Am{U B§Q>aZoQ> ¶m‘wio Va ‘m{hVrMm

‘hmgmJa V¶ma Pmbm. ¶m n[apñWVrV ‘m{hVrMm àM§S> gmR>m Am{U {S>‘ma ¶m§À¶mer OwidyZ KoUo ho ’$ma

‘moR>o AmìhmZ Amho. hr ‘m{hVr Hw$R>ohr, H$Yrhr jUmV hOa H$aUmar Am¶nm°S>, B§Q>aZoQ>gh ‘mo~mB©b gmaIr

CnH$aUo gm‘mݶ ‘mUgmÀ¶m hmVmV Ambr. AZoH$ ‘wbohr Vr ghOnUo dmnê$ bmJbr. ¶m pñWVrV

Amnë¶mbm hdr Vr ‘m{hVr Zo‘Ho$nUmZo H$moR>o {‘iob ho R>adʶmMo d ˶mVrb XO}Xma A{YH¥$V ‘m{hVr

H$moUVr ¶mMm {ZU©¶ H$aʶmMo H$m¡eë¶ AmË‘gmV H$aUo Amdí¶H$ R>abo Amho. VgoM emioV qH$dm Z§Vahr

Ho$di ‘m{hVrMm ‘moR>m g§J«h åhUOo kmZ Zmhr Va ¶m ‘m{hVrMo AmH$bZ hmoD$Z Vr ZdrZ n[apñWVrV

dmnaVm ¶m¶bm hdr ho C‘JUo JaOoMo Amho.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (ZD$)

3.2.2 AmOÝ‘ {ejU : - emim/‘hm{dXçmb¶rZ {ejU g§në¶mda {eH$Uo g§nbo Ago ‘mZyZ MmbUma Zmhr.

kmZmMm {dñVma Am{U ~XbʶmMm doJ nmhVm eodQ>n¶ªV {eH$VM am{hbo nm{hOo. ¶mgmR>r "Amnbo AmnU

H$go {eH$m¶Mo' ho V§Ì AdJV ìhm¶bm hdo. ¶m V§ÌmMr AmoiI Am{U gamd emioVM ìhm¶bm hdm. ñdV:hÿZ

{eH$ʶmMo {Za{Zamio ‘mJ© ‘mhrV hmoD$Z Vo AmnU dmnê$ eH$Vmo hm AmË‘{dídmg {Z‘m©U ìhm¶bm hdm.

3.2.3. {Za{Zamiçm òmoVm§Mo gm‘monMmamZo dmQ>n :- dmT>˶m bmoH$g§»¶o‘wio AÝZ, nmUr gmR>o, y‘r, drO

B˶mXrÀ¶m nwadR>çmda VmU {Z‘m©U hmoV Amho. ho òmoV H$mQ>H$garZo d VmaVå¶mZo dmnaʶmMr gd¶

bmJm¶bm hdr. g{hîUwVm d ݶm¶~wX²Yr dmnê$Z ˶m§Mo gm‘monMmamZo dmQ>n hmoʶm{df¶rMr OmUrd {dH${gV

H$aʶmMr JaO Amho.

3.2.4. Amamo½¶ d ‘mZd OmVrMo {hVg§~§Y amIyZ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna :- bhmZnUmnmgyZ ‘wbm§Mm ‘mo~mB©b,

Q>r.ìhr., g§JUH$ ¶m§À¶mer VgoM V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m BVa AmíM¶©H$maH$ j‘Vm§er n[aM¶ hmoVmo Amho hr Mm§Jbr

JmoîQ> Amho. na§Vw ˶m‘wio Amhma{dhmamÀ¶m gd¶r ~XbyZ Amamoo½¶mda bhmZ d¶mV Xþîn[aUm‘ hmoʶmMr

AZoH$ CXmhaUo {XgV AmhoV. V§ÌkmZ dmnaVmZm Amamo½¶mÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo ¿¶m¶À¶m H$miOr {df¶r ‘wbm§Zm

gmV˶mZo OmJê$H$ R>odʶmMr JaO Amho. VgoM {dkmZ-V§ÌkmZ ho XþYmar eñÌ Agë¶mZo Vo VmaVå¶mZo

dmnam¶Mm {ddoH$ OmJ¥V amhʶmMr JaO Amho. ‘mUyg Am{U n¶m©daU ¶m§Zm {dKmVH$ R>aUmè¶m JmoîQ>r

KS>dyZ AmUʶmgmR>r hmoVm H$m‘m Z¶o ho ZdrZ {nT>rda gmV˶mZo q~~dUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

3.2.5. ‘yë¶m§Mr éOdUyH$ : - ‘yë¶m§‘ܶo g§{dYmZmV g‘m{dï> ‘yë¶o d emgZmZo/{dÚm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aUmZo

ñdrH$mabobd ‘yë¶o Ano{jV AmhoV. ‘yë¶m§Mr éOdUyH$ H$aʶmgmR>r A{YH$ ZoQ>mZo à¶ËZ H$aʶmMr

Amdí¶H$Vm {Z‘m©U Pmbr Amho. emim, nmbH$, g‘mO ¶m§Zr ¶m g§X^m©V EH${ÌVnUo AmIUr Am{U

A§‘b~OmdUr H$ê$Z ‘yë¶m§daMm {dídmg ÑT> H$aʶmMo AmìhmZ nobm¶bm hdo.

3.2.6. gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU Am{U g‘mdoeH$Vm : - {deof JaOm AgUmar ‘wbo, ‘wbr, AZwgy{MV OmVr O‘mVrMr

‘wbo Am{U BVahr H$mhr d§{MV g‘yhm§Zm {ejUmÀ¶m Am{U {dH$mgmÀ¶m àdmhmV AmUʶmgmR>r AZoH$

à¶ËZ gwê$ AmhoV. ¶mVyZ "g‘mdoeH$VoMr'(inclusiveness) g§H$ënZm gmH$ma hmoV Amho. {ejU h³H$

H$m¶Xçm‘wio ¶m g§H$ënZobm A{YH$ ~i {‘imbo Amho. g‘mdoeH$Vm hr ‘ohoa~mZr ZgyZ h³H$ Amho ho ñnï>

Pmbo Amho. gd© ‘wbm§Zm emioV XmIb H$aʶmMo CX²{XîQ> AmnU Odi-Odi nyU© Ho$bo Amho. nU ¶mÀ¶m

nwT>À¶m nm¶arda Aem ‘wbm§‘ܶo Amnë¶mbm gm‘mݶ ‘wbm§nojm doJir dmJUyH$ Zmhr, Amnë¶m AS>MUr

AmoiIyZ bj {Xbo OmVo hr mdZm {Z‘m©U ìhm¶bm hdr. ˶m§À¶m JwUm§Zm dmd {‘iyZ ݶyZJ§S> amhVm H$m‘m

Z¶o. Aem àH$mao gm‘mݶ ‘wbm§À¶m g‘yhmV hr ‘wbo {‘giyZ OmUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Ago KS>ʶmgmR>r "gd©

‘wbo {eHy$ eH$VmV' ¶m {df¶r nmbH$, {ejH$ Am{U g‘mO ¶m§Mo {Za{Zamiçm ‘mܶ‘m§VyZ CX²~moYZ

hmoD$Z ¶m§Mm ¶m VËËdmdarb {dídmg A{YH$m{YH$ ÑT> hmoʶmMr JaO Amho.

3.2.7. Amo¶m{dZm Aܶ¶Z (Learning without Burden) : - S>m°. ¶enmb g{‘VrZo "Amo¶m{dZm

Aܶ¶ZmMm' àíZ B. g. 1993 ‘Yrb AhdmbmÀ¶m ê$nmZo EoaUrda AmUbm. ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb gmV˶nyU©

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (Xhm)

gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZ ¶moOZo‘ܶo AmH$m[aH$ d g§H${bV ‘y붑mnZmMm g‘mdoe H$aʶmV Ambm. VgoMMmMʶm/àíZ ¶m§Mo ñdê$n ~XbyZ, doimnÌH$-doi ¶m§Mr ~§YZo {e{Wb H$ê$Z, amoOÀ¶m gh^mJmbm‘y붑mnZmV ‘hËËdmMo ñWmZ XoD$Z loUr nX²YV ñdrH$mê$Z ‘wbm§daMo AdmOdr XS>nU H$‘r Ho$bo Amho.hr {ZpíMVM EH$ bjUr¶ àJVr ‘mZmdr bmJob.

na§Vw "Amo¶m{df¶r'À¶m BVahr H$mhr ‘wX²Xçm§~m~V Cnm¶¶moOZm JaOoMr Amho. NCF-2005

‘Yrb VËËdm§Mm A{YH$ H$mQ>oH$moanUo Adb§~ H$ê$Z ho e³¶ hmoD$ eHo$b. ¶m‘ܶo emioVrb kmZmMm~mhoarb OJmer g§~§Y OmoS>Uo Ano{jV Amho. {eH$ʶmgmR>r KmoH§$nQ²>Q>r H$amdr bmJVo hm J«h Xÿa hmoD$Z{Za{Zamio g§~moY ñnîQ>nUo g‘Oʶmg àmYmݶ Xçmdo bmJob. ‘wbm§Zm {Xbo OmUmao AZw d nmR>çnwñVH$mnwaVo‘¶m©{XV Z amhVm gdmªJrU {dH$mgmgmR>r Amdí¶H$ AZw d XoʶmMr ¶moOZm Aä¶mgH«$‘mV H$amdr bmJob.2004 ‘Yrb Aä¶mgH«$‘mV ¶mÑîQ>rZo Ago à¶ËZ Pmbo Agbo Var nwZa©MZoÀ¶m {Z{‘ËVmZo A{YH$ à¶ËZ

H$aʶmMr g§Yr àmßV Pmbr Amho.

3.2.8 kmZaMZmdmX :- NCF-2005 ‘ܶo "kmZaMZmdmX' (Constructivism) hr EH$ ‘ܶdVu g§H$ënZmAmho. H$moUVrhr JmoîQ> {eH$VmZm H$amdm bmJUmam {dMma e³¶Vmoda {dXçm϶m©Zo ñdV…M H$am¶Mm Amho,{ejH$m§Zr H$moUVmhr {dMma Am¶VonUo nwadʶmMr Anojm Zmhr ho ¶m ‘ܶo ñnîQ>> Ho$bo Amho. {dMmamMr dmQ>{ejH$m§À¶m Im§Xçmda ~gyZ Mmbm¶Mr Zmhr Va {ejH$m§Mo ~moQ>gwX²Ym Amdí¶H$ VoWo Yam¶Mo. ho kmZaMZmdmXmMo‘‘© Amho. {ejH$m§Zr {dXçm϶mªMr {dMma à{H«$¶m ˶m§À¶mM AZw d{dídmÀ¶m AmYmao AI§S> R>odm¶Mr Amho.àíZ {dMmaUo, {ZarjU, H¥$VrÀ¶m g§Yr XoD$Z ˶mVyZ ‘wbm§Zm ñdV…M qH$dm BVa ‘wbm§er MM}VyyZ {ZîH$f©H$mT>ʶmg àmoËgmhZ XoUo, ‘wbm§À¶m AZw dmMr Jm§ r¶m©Zo XIb KoUo, g§X © KoʶmMo H$m¡eë¶ {dH${gVH$aUo, H$moe, B§Q>aZoQ>, AZw dr 춳Vr Aem ‘m{hVrÀ¶m òmoVm§Mm n[aM¶ H$ê$Z XoUo ¶m àH$mao {ejH$m§Mry{‘H$m amhUma Amho Aer ‘mZ{gH$Vm Am{U H$m¡eë¶ gVV {dH${gV H$aʶmMo AmìhmZ nobm¶Mo Amho.

¶m§gmaIr AZoH$ AmìhmZo S>moiçm§g‘moa R>oD$Z Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr nwZa©MZm H$aʶmMo H$m‘ ¶m n[afXoZohmVr KoVbo. nwZa©MZoMr à{H«$¶m gH$g H$aʶmgmR>r {d{dY àH$maMo à¶ËZ Ho$bo. ˶m§Mm WmoS>³¶mV ‘mJmodm

nwT>o KoVbm Amho.

4. Aä¶mgH«$‘ nwZa©MZm à{H«$¶m …-Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr aMZm H$aVmZm g§nyU© OrdZmMm AmdmH$m bjmV KoUo Amdí¶H$ R>aVo. ‘mZdr OrdZmMo ܶo¶JmR>ʶmgmR>r {Za{Zamiçm {df¶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ H$moUH$moUVo AZw d ¿¶mdoV ¶m{df¶rMo EH$ ì¶ VgoMgwñnîQ> {MÌ Aä¶mgH«$‘ V¶ma H$aUmè¶m VÁkm§g‘moa AgUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. ¶mgmR>r {Za{ZamiçmjoÌm§Vrb OmUH$ma 춳VtMr {ZdS> H$ê$Z Aä¶mgH«$‘ {Z{‘©VrgmR>r Amdí¶H$ VËËdo d ˶m§Mm {Z{‘©Vr‘ܶon[aUm‘H$maH$ dmna H$aʶmgmR>r àJë^ Ago YmoaU {dH${gV H$aʶmMr JaO AgVo. ho AmìhmZmË‘H$H$m‘ H$aʶmgmR>r n[afXoZo ¶m doir Aä¶mgH«$‘ {Z{‘©Vr à{H«$¶oV AZoH$ ~Xb H$ê$Z Vr n[anyU© H$aʶmgmR>r{deof à¶ËZ Ho$bo. ¶m à¶ËZm§Mm g§{jßV ‘mJmodm nwT>o KoVbm Amho.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (AH$am)

4.1. nm¶m yV XñVmdoO …- amîQ´>r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m 2005 (NCF-2005) ¶mVrb gm‘mݶ e¡j{UH$

VËËdo VgoM à˶oH {df¶m‘Yrb ‘hËËdmMr VËËdo ¶m§Mo à{Vq~~ amÁ¶mÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mV nS>ʶmÀ¶m

ÑîQ>rZo hm AmamIS>m AmYma yV ‘mZʶmV Ambm. NCF-2005 ‘Yrb YmoaU Am{U {e’$maetMm amÁ¶mÀ¶m

na§nam d n[apñWVrg§X^m©V {dMma H$ê$Z amÁ¶mgmR>r gw¶mo½¶ YmoaUmMm {dMma hmoD$Z amÁ¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘

AmamIS>m 2010 (SCF-2010) V¶ma H$ê$Z ˶mbm emgZ‘mݶVm KoVbr. Vmohr nm¶m yV XñVmdoO

åhUyZ dmnaʶmV Ambm. E{àb 2010 nmgyZ ‘wbm§Mm ‘mo’$V Am{U g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm A{YH$ma,

A{Y{Z¶‘ 2009 Mr A§‘b~OmdUr amÁ¶mV gwê$ Pmbr. ˶m‘wio AmaQ>rB© - 2009 ‘Yrb {e’$maerhr

Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZmgmR>r AmYma yV ‘mZʶmV Amë¶m. àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 2004 Mr

nwZa©MZm NCF-2005 À¶m AZwf§JmZo H$ê$Z àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 {dH${gV H$aʶmV

Ambm. Vmohr AmYma yV XñVmdoO åhUyZ J¥hrV YaʶmV Ambm.

nyaH$ XñVmdoO …-

¶m AmYma yV XñVmdoOm§~amo~a BVa AZoH$ nyaH$ XñVmdoOm§Mm nam‘e© Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZ

H$aVmZm KoʶmV Ambm. ˶mVrb H$mhr XñVmdoO nwT>rb à‘mUo AmhoV.

� EZgrB©AmaQ>r ‘m’©$V amîQ>´r¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ AmamIS>m {dH${gV H$aV AgVZm EH$drg JQ> Zo‘yZ

Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb {d{dY embo¶ {df¶ Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ à{H«$¶m, ‘y붑mnZ d BVa KQ>H$m§g§X^m©V

gXçpñWVr d nwT>rb {dH$gZmMr {Xem Xe©{dUmao XñVmdoO (nmo{PeZ nong©)

� BVa amÁ¶m§Mo Aä¶mgH«$‘, Eg. Eg. gr. ~moS>m©Mm Aä¶mgH«$‘

� gmV˶nyU© gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZ g§~§{YV emgZ{ZU©¶

� OrdZ H$m¡eë¶m§da AmYm[aV {ejH$ ‘mJ©X{e©H$m

¶m gd© XñVmdoOm§‘wio Amnmnë¶m {df¶mMm nmR>çH«$‘ V¶ma H$aʶm{df¶r EH$ XO}Xma

YmoaU V¶ma hmoʶmg ‘XV {‘imbr.

4.2. amîQ>r¶ {dXçm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aUm‘Yrb Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZmMm Aä¶mg …- EZgrB©AmaQ>r, Zdr

{Xëbr hr g§ñWm amîQ>r¶ {dXçm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aU åhUyZ Kmo{fV Ho$bobr Amho. ¶m g§ñWo‘m’©$V Aä¶mgH«$‘

{dH$gZ H$go Ho$bo OmVo ho OmUyZ KoʶmgmR>r EggrB©AmaQ>r, nwUo ¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m à{V{ZYtZr EZgrB©AmaQ>r

‘Yrb {Za{Zamiçm {d^mJm§Vrb A{YH$mè¶m§er g‘j MM}VyZ ‘m{hVr KoVbr. Aä¶mgH«$‘mda AmYm[aV

nmR>çnwñVHo$ V¶ma H$aʶmMr à{H«$¶m H$er hmoVo hohr MM}VyZ OmUyZ KoVbo. ¶mVyZ Aä¶mgH«$‘ {Z{‘©Vr

{df¶rÀ¶m VmpËËdH$ Am{U ì¶mdhm[aH$ n¡by§{df¶rMr ÑîQ>r {dñV¥V hmoʶmg ‘XV Pmbr.

4.3. Aä¶mgH«$‘ nwZa©MZm g{‘Vr d {df¶ Aä¶mg ‘§S>imMr {Z¶w³Vr …- Aä¶mgH«$‘mÀ¶m nwZa©MZogmR>r

EggrB©AmaQ>r À¶m g§MmbH$m§À¶m AܶjVoImbrb amÁ¶ñVar¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘ g{‘Vr Am{U {df¶{Zhm¶

Aä¶mg ‘§S>io Aer X²{dñVar¶ aMZm H$aʶmV Ambr. nwZa©MZogmR>r H$mb~X²Y H$m¶©H«$‘ {ZpíMV H$aUo,

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (~mam)

Aä¶mg‘§S>imÀ¶m {d{dY e¡j{UH$ {e’$maetda Amdí¶H$ H$m¶©dmhr H$aUo d ˶m§À¶m H$m‘m§da {Z¶§ÌU

R>odUo B˶mXr H$m‘m§gmR>r amÁ¶ñVar¶ g{‘Vr {Z¶w³V H$aʶmV Ambr. {df¶{Zhm¶ Aä¶mg‘§S>io {ZpíMV

H$aUo ho EH$ ì¶mnH$ H$m‘ hmoVo. ¶mgmR>r ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb {Za{Zamiçm g§ñWm, àemgH$s¶ H$m¶m©b¶o

¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z àmßV Pmboë¶m VÁkm§À¶m ¶mXrVyZ àmW{‘H$ {ejH$, ‘mܶ{‘H$ {ejH$, ‘hm{dXçmb¶rZ/

{dXçmnrR>r¶ àmܶmnH$/à{ejU g§ñWm‘Yrb àmܶmnH$, [ejU joÌmV H$m¶© H$aUmè¶m ñd¶§godr g§ñWm,

joÌr¶ A{YH$mar B˶mXr g§dJm©Vrb VÁkm§Mr ‘m{hVr ‘mJ{dʶmV Ambr. ˶mVyZ àW‘M ñdV§Ì

{ZdS>g{‘Vr‘m’©$V à˶oH$ {df¶mÀ¶m Aä¶mg ‘§S>im‘ܶo 15 Vo 20 VÁkm§Mr {ZdS> H$aʶmV Ambr.

˶m‘ܶo d¡¶p³VH$ ‘m{hVr, {deof AZw d d àmXo{eH$ g‘Vmob, doi XoʶmMr V¶mar B˶mXr§ ‘wX²Xçm§Mm

{dMma H$aʶmV Ambm. Aä¶mg‘§S>im§Vrb gXñ¶m§er Pmboë¶m MM}VyZ gdm©Zw‘Vo Aä¶mg ‘§S>imÀ¶m

Aܶjm§Mr {Z¶w³Vr H$aʶmV Ambr. ‘mܶ{‘H$ ñVamdarb Aä¶mgH«$‘mer g‘Ýd¶mgmR>r EgEggr

~moS>m©Vrb à{V{ZYtZm {Z‘§{ÌV H$aʶmV Ambo. nmR>çH«$‘mMm nmR>çnwñVH$m§er g‘Ýd¶ amIʶmgmR>r

nmR>çnwñVH$ ‘§S>imVrb à{V{ZYtMm g‘mdoe Aä¶mg‘§S>imV H$aʶmV Ambm. Aä¶mg‘§S>imVrb gXñ¶m§À¶m

{ZdS>rgmR>r Aem nX²YVrMm dmna àW‘M H$aʶmV Ambm. Aä¶mg‘§S>io J{R>V H$aʶm {df¶rMm emgZ

{ZU©¶ n[a{eîQ> H«$. 1 ¶oWo OmoS>bm Amho.

4.4. amîQ>r¶ ñVamdarb {dXçm{df¶H$ àm{YH$aU d BVa VÁkm§Mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z …- EZgrB©AmaQ>r, Zdr

{Xëbr ¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m {Za{Zamiçm {d^mJm§Vrb VÁkm§Zm n[afXo‘ܶo {Z‘§{ÌV H$aʶmV Ambo. ˶m§Zr

Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH${gV H$aUmè¶m VÁkm§er WoQ> g§dmX gmYbm d Amnmnë¶m {df¶mMm nmR>çH«$‘ V¶ma

H$aVmZm dmnamd¶mMr AmYma yV VËËdo, VgoM {Z{‘©Vr à{H«$¶oMo ñdê$n ñnîQ> Ho$bo. ˶m~amo~a AZoH$

ì¶mdhm[aH$ gyMZmhr Ho$ë¶m. ¶m gd© VÁkm§er MM}VyZ n¶m©daU {ejU, ór-nwéf g‘mZVm, ‘yë¶{ejU,

em§VVogmR>r {ejU ¶m§Mr Jw§’$U ì¶mdhm[aH$ d n[aUm‘H$maH$ arVrZo Aä¶mgH«$‘mV H$er H$aVm ¶oB©b

¶m{df¶rMr OmUrd àJë^ hmoʶmg ‘XV Pmbr. gmܶm-gmo߶m H¥$Vt‘YyZ kmZaMZmdmX Am{U AmZ§XXm¶r

{ejU ¶m XmoÝhr JmoîQ>r H$em gmYVm ¶oVrb ¶mMo {dñV¥V àm˶{jH$ VÁkm§Zr XmI{dbo.

4.5. n[afXñVamdarb ‘mJ©Xe©Z …- amÁ¶ñVamdarb VÁk d n[afXoVrb A{YH$mè¶m§Zr ‘yë¶{ejU,

gmV˶nyU© gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZm{df¶r emgZ {ZU©¶mVrb Anojm, AmaQ>rB© 2009 ‘Yrb e¡j{UH$ VËËdm§Mm

d Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ-‘y붑mnZ ¶m§{df¶rÀ¶m Anojm§Mm Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZmV H$em àH$mao g‘Ýd¶

gmYVm ¶oB©b ¶m{df¶r {dñV¥V MMm© KS>dyZ AmUbr. VgoM Aä¶mg‘§S>i gXñ¶m§er doimodoir MMm© H$ê$Z

nmR>çH«$‘ {dH$gZ à{H«$¶oMm AmT>mdm KoVbm.

4.6. {df¶ ¶moOZm …- ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 ‘Yrb H$b‘

H«$.29 ‘Yrb VaVwXtÀ¶m A§‘b~OmdUrgmR>r H|$ÐemgZmÀ¶m ‘Zwî¶~i {dH$mg ‘§Ìmb¶mÀ¶m embo¶ {ejU

d gmjaVm {d^mJmH$Sy>Z e¡j{UH$ àm{YH$aUm§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©Z àmßV Pmbo. ˶m‘ܶo {df¶m§Mm g‘Vmob

amIʶm~m~V VgoM, AZoH$ {df¶m§Mm AH$maU hmoUmam ~moOm H$‘r H$aʶm~m~V gy{MV H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (Voam)

gyMZm d amÁ¶mÀ¶m JaOm ¶m§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr gmR>r {df¶ ¶moOZm V¶ma H$aʶmV

Ambobr Amho. {df¶ Aä¶mg ‘§S>im§Mr aMZm hr ˶mMà‘mUo H$aʶmV Ambr. {df¶¶moOZoMr d¡{eîQ>ço nwT>o

{Xbr AmhoV.

{df¶¶moOZoMr d¡{eîQ>ço …

1. àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb B. 1 br d 2 ar H$[aVm mfm d J{UV ho {df¶ amhVrb d ¶m XmoZ {df¶m§‘ܶoMn[aga Aä¶mg hm {df¶ g‘m{dîQ> Agob.

2. àmW{‘H$ ñVamdarb B¶ËVm 3 ar Vo 5 dr H$[aVm ‘amR>r, B§J«Or, J{UV, H$m¶m©Zw d, H$bm {ejU,emar[aH$ {ejU ho {df¶ ¶mnyduÀ¶m aMZoà‘mUoM amhVrb. VWm{n gm‘mݶ {dkmZ, ZmJ[aH$ emó dyJmob ¶m {df¶m§Mr EH${ÌVar˶m n[aga Aä¶mg mJ 1 ‘ܶo EH$mË‘ arVrZo ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br Amho. n[aga

Aä¶mg mJ 1 ‘ܶo B¶ËVm 3 arMm yJmob {df¶mMm nmR>çm§e hm g§~§{YV {Oëhçm§er {ZJ{S>V amhrb.

3. n[aga Aä¶mg ^mJ 2 ‘ܶo B{Vhmg ¶m {df¶mMm g‘mdoe amhrb. B¶ËVm 4 Wr À¶m B{VhmgmVH$moUVmhr ~Xb AgUma Zmhr.

4. B¶ËVm 5 dr À¶m dJm©gmR>r AgUmam qhXr {df¶ ¶mnwT>ohr gwê$ amhrb.

Vnerbdma {df¶ ¶moOZm n[a{eîQ> H«$. 2 ‘ܶo g‘m{dîQ> Ho$boë¶m {df¶¶moOZog§~§{YV emgZ{ZU©¶mVg‘m{dîQ> Amho.

4.7. ^{dî¶doYr ÑîQ>r (vision), ܶo¶o, CX²{XîQ>o ¶m§Mr {ZpíMVr … ¶m gd© {dMma‘§WZmÀ¶m AmYmao gd©Aä¶mg ‘§S>imÀ¶m gXñ¶m§Zr gd©àW‘ àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘, 2012 nyU© Ho$bobm ZmJ[aH$ H$gmAgob ¶mda qMVZ H$ê$Z Aem ZmJ[aH$mMo EH$ H$ënZm{MÌ V¶ma Ho$bo. (‘wX²Xm 5.1 {dî¶doYr ÑîQ>r)¶mZ§Va àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMr ܶo¶o, embo¶ {ejUmMr gmYmaU CX²{XîQ>o VgoM àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMr gd©gmYmaU CX²{XîQ>o {ZpíMV Ho$br. Vr àñVmdZoÀ¶m AIoarg XoʶmV Ambr AmhoV.

4.8. {df¶{Zhm¶ nmR>çH«$‘mÀ¶m AmamIS>çmMr {ZpíMVr … {df¶{Zhm¶ nmR>çH«$‘mMo AmamIS>o d ˶m§Mr‘m§S>Ur {ZpíMV H$aʶmgmR>r n[afXoZo EZgrB©AmaQ>r À¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘ ‘m§S>UrÀ¶m AmamIS>çmda MMm©KS>dyZ AmUbr. VgoM à˶oH$ {df¶ Aä¶mg‘§S>img {df¶mÀ¶m JaOoZwgma Amnmnë¶m {df¶mMm AmamIS>m{ZpíMV H$aʶmg ñdmV§Í¶ {Xbo. à˶oH$ {df¶JQ>mZo B¶ËVm{Zhm¶ KQ>H$ d CnKQ>H$ R>adyZ {df¶mÀ¶mJaOoZwgma ˶m§Mr ‘m§S>Ur Ho$br d Amnmnë¶m nmR>çH«$‘mMm AmamIS>m V¶ma Ho$bm d ˶m‘ܶo BVaAmdí¶H$ Vn{ebmMm g‘mdoe Ho$bm.

4.9. nmR>çH«$‘mÀ¶m ‘gwXçm§Mo A§VJ©V VgoM ~mhç‘y붑mnZ … Aä¶mg‘§S>imVrb gXñ¶m§Zr ñdV…À¶m{df¶mÀ¶m nmR>çH«$‘mMo n[afXoZo {Xboë¶m nS>VmimgyMrX²dmao {M{H$ËgH$ narjU Ho$bo. ¶mZ§Va ˶m {df¶merg§~§{YV Zm‘d§V d ̶ñW VÁkm§H$Sy>Z ‘y붑mnZ H$ê$Z KoʶmMr à{H«$¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘ {dH$gZm‘ܶoàW‘M dmnaʶmV Ambr. ¶m XmoÝhr àH$maÀ¶m narjUm§AmYmao nmR>çH«$‘ ‘gwXçmV ¶mo½¶ Vo ~Xb H$aʶmVAmbo.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (Mm¡Xm$)

¶m àH$mao Aä¶mgH«$‘ gag hmoʶmÀ¶m Ñ{îQ>H$moZmVyZ AZoH$ Zì¶m à{H«$¶m§Mm g‘mdoe H$ê$Z Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr

nwZa©MZm H$aʶmV Ambr.

5. Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb ^{dî¶doYr ÑîQ>r, ܶo¶o, CX²{XîQ>o :

5.1 ^{dî¶doYr ÑîQ>r (Vision)

àmW{‘H$ {ejU Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 ‘YyZ V¶ma hmoUmam ZmJ[aH$ H$gm Agob ¶m {df¶rMr Aä¶mg

‘§S>im§Mr ÑîQ>r nwT>rbà‘mUo -

1) ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmMm gaZm‘m/àñVmdZm (Preamble) ¶m‘ܶo CëboI H$aʶmV Amboë¶m VËËdm§Mm

A§JrH$ma H$aUmam.

2) gdmªJrU JwUm§Mr OmonmgZm H$ê$Z Amnbo OrdZ AmZ§XmZo OJUmam.

3) AmOrdZ Aܶ¶Zerb amhÿZ, d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ {dH${gV Pmbobm.

4) ‘mZdr h³H$m§~m~V OmJéH$ amhÿZ H$V©ì¶nmbZ H$aʶmg VËna AgUmam.

5) em§VVm d gm‘§Oñ¶mMm nwañH$ma H$aUmam.

6) "dgwY¡d Hw$Qw>§å~H$‘²' ¶m {díd^mdZoda ÑT> {ZîR>m AgUmam.

5.2 àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMr ܶo¶o (Goals)

1) ^maVr¶ amÁ¶ KQ>ZoVrb ñdmV§Í¶, g‘Vm, g‘mZVm, ~§YwVm, gm‘m{OH$ ݶm¶, Y‘©{ZanojVm

¶m§gmaIr gd© ‘yë¶o à˶oH$mZo Amnë¶m AmMaUmV AmUUo.

2) Amnë¶m amîQ´>mMm g‘¥X²Y d gd©g‘mdoeH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U gm‘m{OH$ dmagm OnʶmMr OmUrd

{dH${gV H$aUo. Vmo H$aV AgVmZm Zì¶m ¶wJmVrb dmñVd g‘OyZ KoʶmMr j‘Vm Am{U H$m¡eë¶

{Z‘m©U H$aUo.

3) OmJ{VH$ ñVamda {M{H$ËgH$ g‘m¶moOZmgmR>r Xoe H$arV Agboë¶m à¶ËZm§Mr OmU d g§doXZerbVm

{Z‘m©U H$aUo Am{U OmJ{VH$ Hw$Qw>§~mMm gXñ¶ åhUyZ Amnë¶m O~m~Xmè¶m Am{U CËVaXm{¶Ëd nma

nmS>ʶmMr d¥ËVr d j‘Vm {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

4) ZdZdrZ kmZmMm ñdrH$ma H$ê$Z ˶mMo ì¶dñWmnZ H$aʶmMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.

5) ñdV:Mo ì¶p³V‘ËËd {Za§Va {dH$gZerb Am{U gO©Zerb R>odʶmMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$aUo.

6) OrdZmVrb gmܶ JmR>ʶmgmR>r gmYZm§À¶m ewX²YVoMo ‘hËËd ‘Zmda q~~dUo.

7) XoemVrb ‘mZdr d BVa O¡{dH$ KQ>H$m§~m~V ào‘^mdZm Am{U ˶m§Mo g§dY©Z VgoM g§ajU ¶mMr

OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

8) l‘à{VîR>m, H$m¶©-g§ñH¥$Vr, H$bmË‘H$Vm ¶m§~m~VMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (n§Yam)

9) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$ê$Z g‘mOmon¶moJr CËnmXH$ H$m¶m©V gh^mJr hmoʶmg àd¥ËVH$aUo.

5.3 embo¶ {ejUmMr gmYmaU CX²{XîQ>o :

1) ^maVr¶ g§{dYmZmV Agboë¶m ‘yë¶m§er A{^g§JV Agbobr ‘mJ©Xe©H$ VËËdo g‘OyZ Koʶmg VgoMdV©ZmV q~~{dʶmg ‘XV H$aUo.

2) EH${dgmì¶m eVH$mVrb {dXçmWu d ^mdr ZmJ[aH$ ¶m y{‘H$m nma nmS>ʶmgmR>r {dXçm϶mªÀ¶mì¶p³V‘ËËdmMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aUo.

3) amîQ´>r¶ gmYZ g§nXm, g§nËVr, n¶m©daU ¶m§Mo g§dY©Z d g§ajU ¶m g§X^m©V {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶mg‘ñ¶m Am{U ˶mdarb Cnm¶ emoYʶmÀ¶m d AmnËVr ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m à{H«$¶oV gh^mJr hmoʶmgmR>rAmdí¶H$ Vr H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.

4) ì¶p³VJV OrdZmV VgoM Ka, g‘mO, emim ¶oWo {Z‘m©U hmoUmao àíZ dm g‘ñ¶m gm‘§Oñ¶mZogmoS>{dʶmMr d¥ËVr {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

5) {dXçm϶mªMo Ka, n[aga d g‘mO ¶m§Vrb AZw d Am{U emioVrb ghoVwH$ AZw d ¶m§Mr gm§YoOmoS>H$aUo.

6) {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m Aܶ¶Z AZw dm§VyZ ñdV:‘Yrb gwßV JwUm§Mm emoY KoD$Z ˶mMm gdªH$f {dH$mgH$aʶmgmR>r {dXçm϶mªZm ‘XV H$aUo.

7) {M{H$ËgH$ {dMma H$ê$Z Mm§Jë¶m dmB©Q>mVrb ’$aH$ AmoiIʶmMr j‘Vm {dH${gV H$ê$Z Mm§Jë¶mMmñdrH$ma H$aʶmMr d¥ËVr {dH${gV H$aUo. Mm§Jbo CX²{XîQ> JmR>ʶmMo ‘mJ©hr Mm§Jbo AgUo Amdí¶H$Amho, ho {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m ‘Zmda q~~dUo.

8) àmXo{eH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ d 춳VrnaËdo {d{dYVm ¶m~m~V AmXa ~miJʶmg àd¥ËV H$aUo.

9) XoemÀ¶m à˶oH$ Mm§Jë¶m Am{U A{^‘mZ dmQ>mdm Aem ‘mZdr Am{U ‘mZdoVa {deofm§er OdirH${Z‘m©U H$ê$Z {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV Amnë¶m Xoem~X²Xb A{^‘mZ {Z‘m©U H$aUo. ˶mM ~amo~a AݶXoem§À¶m AemM {deofm§~X²Xb AmXa {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

10) kmZ{Z{‘©VrgmR>r ZmJar gmYZm§BVH$sM ñWm{ZH$ gmYZohr Cn¶w³V Am{U ‘hËËdmMr AgVmV. AemXmoÝhr àH$maÀ¶m gmYZm§Mm g‘Ýd¶ gmYyZ kmZ {‘i{dʶmMr gd¶ {dXçm϶mªZm bmdUo.

11) g‘mO {dH$mgmV {ó¶m H$arV Agbobo ¶moJXmZ d ˶mMo ‘hËËd ¶m{df¶r OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

12) {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo gm¢X¶m©{^éMr, agmñdmX, H$bm§Mm AmñdmX Aem g¥OZmË‘H$ JwUm§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo.

13) {dXçm϶mªZm embo¶ {ejUmÀ¶m ~amo~arZo ì¶dgm¶ {ejU XoD$Z OrdZ OJʶmgmR>r Amdí¶H$H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dH$mg H$aUo.

14) gh^mdZoVyZ {Z‘m©U hmoUmar d¡¶p³VH$ JwUdËVm d ‘mZdr h³H$m§~m~VMr OmJê$H$Vm gm‘y{hH$

CnH«$‘mVyZ dmT>rg bmdUo.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (gmoim)

5.4 àmW{‘H$ {ejUmMr gmYmaU CX²{XîQ>o

1) àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ‘mV¥ mfm Am{U A{Zdm¶© B§J«Or/‘amR>r ¶m§À¶m Aܶ¶ZmVyZ ldU, mfU-g§ mfU,

dmMZ-boIZ hr ‘yb yV m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.

2) CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVamda ‘mV¥ mfoÀ¶m ‘yb yV ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm A{YH$ {dH$mg H$aUo. VgoM qhXr

Am{U B§J«Or mfm§‘Yrb ‘yb yV H$m¡eë¶m§Mo ÑT>rH$aU H$aUo.

3) d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ d {Okmgy d¥ËVr {dH${gV H$aUo.

4) {ZarjU, VwbZm, dJuH$aU, à¶moJ H$aUo, {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo d ˶m§Mo {ZdoXZ H$aUo ¶m§gmaIr ‘yb yV

d¡km{ZH$ H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U/{dH${gV H$aUo. VgoM d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZ {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

5) {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo ‘m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZ{df¶H$ H$m¡eë¶o {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

6) ^maVr¶ gm§ñH¥${VH$ na§nam Am{U ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{dYVm ¶m§Mr AmoiI H$ê$Z XoUo.

7) gm‘m{OH$ h³H$ Am{U O~m~Xmè¶m ¶m§À¶m~amo~a ghH$m¶© Am{U g{hîUwVm ¶m§Mr OmUrd {Z‘m©U

H$aUo.

8) {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo qbJg‘^md d¥ËVrMr OmonmgZm d d§{MV KQ>H$m§À¶m Am{U ‘{hbm§À¶m g~brH$aUmÀ¶m

Amdí¶H$VoMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

9) n¶m©daU g§dY©Z Am{U g§ajU H$aʶmMr d¡¶p³VH$ d gm‘wXm{¶H$ O~m~Xmar A§Jr ~mUʶmg ‘XV

H$aUo.

10) {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m A§J yV JwUm§Mm emoY KoD$Z ˶mMm n[anmof H$aUo.

11) {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo {d{dY H$bmJwUm§Mr OmonmgZm H$aUo.

12) {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m earag§nXoMm {dH$mg H$aUo VgoM Amamo½¶{df¶H$ ¶mo½¶ gd¶r bmdUo.

13) {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo l‘à{VîR>oMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

14) {d{dY OrdZH$m¡eë¶o {dH${gV H$aUo.

15) àmXo{eH$Vm, A§YlX²Ym, bmoH$g§»¶mdmT>, àXÿfU, «îQ>mMma B˶mXr g‘ñ¶m§Mr OmUrd H$ê$Z XoUo

Am{U ‘mZdVmdmXr Om{Udm {dH${gV H$aUo.

16) gm‘m{OH$ h³H$, O~m~Xmè¶m, nañna ghH$m¶©, em§VVm d g{hîUwVm ¶m§Mr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

17) X¡Z§{XZ OrdZ d eoVr ¶m§À¶m nañna g§~§Ym§Mr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

18) d¡¶p³VH$ Amamo½¶m~amo~aM gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½¶mMr OmUrd {Z‘m©U H$aUo.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (gVam)

6. Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb H$mhr ‘hËËdmMo ‘wX²Xo : y{‘H$m

amîQ´>r¶ d amÁ¶ nmVirdarb AmñWoMo {df¶ (National & State Concerns)

6.1 n¶m©daU {ejU : amîQ´>r¶ Am{U amÁ¶ ñVamda n¶m©daU {ejUmMo ‘hËËd dmT>Vo Amho. bmoH$g§»¶m

dmT>rÀ¶m JaOm ^mJ{dʶmgmR>r V§ÌkmZmMm Am{U {Za{Zamiçm D$Om©gmYZm§Mm emoY Am{U dmT>Vm

dmna An[ahm¶© Amho. na§Vw ˶mVyZ hmoUmè¶m n¶m©daU hmZr‘wio ZOrH$À¶m ^{dî¶H$mimV ‘mZdOmV

ApñVËdmV amhrb H$s Zmhr Agm àíZ C^m am{hbm Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m{df¶r OmJê$H$Vm, à˶oH$mZo

Amnë¶m ñVamda H$am¶Mr Cnm¶¶moOZm ¶mMo ^mZ A{YH$m{YH$ à‘mUmV {Z‘m©U hmoʶmMr O~m~Xmar

à˶oH$ Aä¶mgH«$‘mg ñdrH$mamdr bmJUma Amho. n¶m©daU {ejU hm ñdV§Ì {df¶ Z R>odVm

nyduà‘mUoM {Za{Zamio {df¶ Am{U ghembo¶ ZmdrݶnyU© H¥${V¶w³V CnH«$‘ ¶m§VyZ {dXçm϶mªn¶ªV

EH$mpË‘H$ nX²YVrZo nmohmoM{dUo Ano{jV Amho. VgoM ˶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ¶mo½¶ OmJê$H$Vm Am{U

H¥${VerbVm {dH${gV H$aUo Ano{jV Amho. "n¶m©daUmMm g‘Vmob amIyZ {dH$mg' ho VËËd {d{dY

CnH«$‘m§VyZ éO{dUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.

6.2 ‘yë¶{ejU : n[agamV Oo KS>Vo ˶mMo AZwH$aU ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z hmoV AgVo. ˶m‘wio Mm§Jbr ‘yë¶o

éOm¶Mr AgVrb Va {H$‘mZ emioV d KamV Vr ‘yë¶o nmibr OmV AmhoV ho {Za{Zamiçm àg§Jm§VyZ

{dXçm϶m©bm OmUdm¶bm hdo. ~moYàX H$Wm, JrVo ¶mnwaVo ‘yë¶{ejU ‘¶m©{XV amhVm H$m‘m Z¶o.

¶m{df¶r {ejH$-nmbH$ ¶m§Zr gm‘mB©H$ H$m¶©H«$‘ AmIUo Cn¶w³V hmoB©b.

‘yë¶{ejU hm ñdV§ÌnUo {eH$dm¶Mm ^mJ Zmhr. {Za{Zamio {df¶ {eH${dVmZm ¶mo½¶ {R>H$mUr ˶m§Mr

Jw§’$U Am{U éOdU nyduà‘mUoM Ano{jV Amho. EImXçm CnH«$‘mVyZ AZoH$ ‘yë¶o gmܶ hmoD$

eH$VmV ho bjmV KoVë¶mg AZoH$ ‘yë¶o éO{dʶmMm ~moOm dmQ>Uma Zmhr.

6.3 ñÌr-nwéf g‘mZVm : ñÌr-nwéf g‘mZVm ho ‘yë¶ {Za{Zamiçm {df¶m§VyZ éOdʶm~amo~a ˶m{df¶r

ñWm{ZH$ n[apñWVrZwgma {Z¶moOZ Cn¶moJr R>aUma Amho. Aer Ag‘mZVm emioV d Kar H$moR>o H$moR>o

AmT>iVo ho emoYʶmgmR>r d EH$Ì MM}VyZ Vr Xÿa H$aʶmgmR>r ì¶mdhm[aH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ {ZpíMV Ho$ë¶mg

A{YH$ Mm§Jbm n[aUm‘ {Xgy eHo$b. pñ̶m§‘ܶo nwéfm§à‘mUo gd© j‘Vm AmhoV ho R>g{dVmZm Ho$di

bmoH$moËVa ‘{hbm§Mr CXmhaUo Z {ZdS>Vm AbrH$S>À¶m H$mimVrb, AmgnmgÀ¶m n[agamVrb CXmhaUo

{ZdS>ë¶mg ‘wbm§Zm Vr A{YH$ ^mdVrb d e³¶VoÀ¶m nmVirdaMr dmQ>Vrb.

6.4 em§VVogmR>r {ejU : EH${dgmdo eVH$ V§ÌkmZmVrb {dñ‘¶OZH$ Am{dîH$ma Am{U {Za{Zamiçm

joÌmVrb g‘¥X²Yr~amo~a Aem§Vr Am{U VmUVUmdhr ~amo~a KoD$Z Ambo Amho. Vo H$‘r H$aʶmgmR>r

‘ZmV VmU H$em‘wio {Z‘m©U hmoVmo ¶m{df¶r AmË‘{ZarjU H$aʶmg àmoËgmhZ Xçm¶bm hdo. VgoM

{dídem§Vr{df¶r CX²~moYZ H$aVmZm Hw$Qw>§~ Am{U {‘Ìn[admamV em§{VnyU© g§~§Y amIUo H$go ‘hËËdmMo

Amho Am{U ˶mVyZM OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb em§VVoMm ‘mJ© gmnS>ʶmMr e³¶Vm Amho ho R>g{dbo

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (AR>am)

nm{hOo. ì¶p³VJV, H$m¡Qw>§{~H$ d {‘Ìn[admamVrb VgoM g‘mOmVrb VmUVUmd d ˶m‘mJrb H$maUo¶mda MMm© KS>dyZ AmUmdr. Vo Xÿa H$aʶmgmR>r CnH«$‘m§Mo {Z¶moOZ H$amdo.

6.5 ‘mZdr h³H$m§Mr OnUyH$ : ^maVr¶ amÁ¶ KQ>Zo‘ܶo OrdZ, ñdmV§Í¶, g‘Vm, à{VîR>m (dignity)

¶m {df¶r h³H$m§Mm g‘mdoe Amho. ¶m{edm¶ Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ ñVamdarb H$mhr h³H$ ‘mZdr h³H$H$m¶XçmV g‘m{dîQ> AmhoV. ¶m h³H$m§Mm n[aM¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mV ìhmdm VgoM ˶m§À¶m A§‘b~OmdUr{df¶r{Za{Zamù¶m {df¶m§À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ CX²~moYZ ìhmdo Aer Anojm Amho.

6.6 l‘g§ñH$ma : emar[aH$ d ~m¡X²{YH$ l‘mVyZ ‘mUgmZo AÞ, dó, {Zdmam ¶m ‘yb yV JaOm nyU©H$aʶmMo àJV d H$ënH$ ‘mJ© emoYbo AmhoV. ˶m n{bH$S>o OmD$Z {d{dY agm¶Zo, ^ì¶-gw§XadmñVy, g§JUH$, AdH$me¶mZ B. W³H$ H$aUmar ¶§Ìgm‘J«r Aer ñd§VÌ ‘mZd{Z{‘©V g¥îQ>r V¶maHo$br Amho. ˶m‘wio embo¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mVyZ l‘g§ñH$mamMm g‘mdoe ‘yb yV d A{nahm¶© Amho. hog§ñH$ma H$aVmZm H$mhr ‘hËËdmMr VËËdo {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m ‘mZdma q~~dUo Ano{jV Amho. n{hbo VËËdåhUOo emar[aH$ l‘m~Ôb AmXa ~miJUo. ¶m‘ܶo Xþgè¶m 춳VrZo Ho$boë¶m l‘m§Mr XIb, àe§gmEdT>oM Ano{jV ZgyZ {Za{Zamiçm àg§Jr Amdí¶H$ l‘mV ñdV: ghOnUo gh^mJr hmoUo Ano{jVAmho. H$bm{ejU, H$m¶m©Zw d, emar[aH$ {ejU ¶mIoarO BVa gd©M embo¶ {df¶m§VyZ d ghembo¶CnH«$‘m§VyZ l‘g§ñH$ma EH$mpË‘H$ arVrZo ìhmdm Ago {Z¶moOZ nmR>çnwñVHo$ d Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZà{H«$¶m ¶m§‘ܶo Ano{jV AmhoV.

7. Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr A§‘b~OmdUr :

7.1 Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ à{H«$¶m : ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mgmR>r nm¶m yV {dMmagaUr åhUyZ kmZg§aMZmdmXmMmAmnU ñdrH$ma Ho$bobm Amho. gmh{OH$M ¶mnwT>o dJm©Vrb {ejH$-{dXçmWu Am§Va{H«$¶o‘ܶo AܶmnZmnojmAܶ¶Zmbm ‘hËËdmMo ñWmZ amhUma Amho. {dXçm϶mªZm ñd¶§{ejUmgmR>r àd¥ËV H$aUo, ˶m§ZmkmZ{Z{‘©VrgmR>r {d{dY òmoV CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo, kmZ{Z{‘©Vr‘ܶo {dXçm϶mªZm AS>MU AWdmAS>Wim {Z‘m©U Pmbm Va ˶mMo ñdê$n g‘OmdyZ KoD$Z ¶mo½¶ Vmo òmoV gwM{dUo AWdm ˶m§À¶m{dMmamV {XgUmar ÌwQ>r, ˶m§Mm CËgmh H$‘r hmoUma Zmhr Aem arVrZo bjmV AmUyZ XoUo, gyMH$àíZ {dMmê$Z {M{H$ËgH$ {dMmaà{H«$¶m gwê$ H$ê$Z XoUo ho {ejH$m§Mo ‘w»¶ H$m‘ Amho.

¶mgmR>r ˶m§Zm OwZr y{‘H$m {dgê$Z Zdr y{‘H$m ñdrH$mamdr bmJUma Amho. ho gwédmVrbmH$R>rU dmQ>ob; nU 21 ì¶m eVH$mVrb ZmJ[aH$ åhUyZ Amnë¶m {dXçm϶mªZm V¶ma H$am¶Mo Amho.¶m ZmJ[aH$m§Zm AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m§Zm Vm|S> Xçmdo bmJUma Amho. g‘ñ¶m§Mo ñdê$n g‘OmdyZ KoUo, ˶m§VrbH$irMm ‘wX²Xm emoYUo ¶mV bmJUmar H$m¡eë¶o AmË‘gmV H$aʶmMr nyd©V¶mar bhmZ d¶mV Pmbr VaMnwT>o {Z^md bmJVmo. hr V¶mar H$ê$Z ¿¶m¶Mr Va Amnë¶mbmhr Owݶm gd¶r gmoS>mì¶m bmJVrb Am{UZdrZ gd¶r A§Jr ~mUdyZ ¿¶mì¶m bmJVrb.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (EH$moUrg)

Amnë¶m Owݶm gd¶rà‘mUo {dXçm϶mªZm V¶ma CËVao nwa{dʶmH$S>o Amnbm H$b hmoVm. AmVmhçmV ~Xb H$amdm bmJUma Amho. {dXçm϶mªZr Amnë¶m g‘ñ¶oMo CËVa ñdV: qH$dm ghmܶm¶t~amo~a{‘iyZ à¶ËZ H$ê$Z emoYyZ H$mT>md¶mMo Amho. Vr j‘Vm ˶m§À¶mH$S>o AgVo. AmnU Vr j‘VmOmonmgmd¶mMr Amho. ˶mgmR>r ¶mnwT>o Amnbr y{‘H$m gwb^H$mMr (Facilitator) amhUma Amho. Vrnma nmS>ʶmgmR>r Amnë¶mbm nwT>rb gd¶r bmdyZ ¿¶mì¶m bmJUma AmhoV-

1. {dXçm϶mªZm kmZ{Z{‘©VrMr àoaUm XoD$Z AZw dmMo {Z¶moOZ H$aUo, ˶m§Mr {Okmgm OmJ¥V H$aUo,hm ¶mgmR>rMm gdm}ËV‘ ‘mJ© Amho. ˶m§À¶mnwT>o EImXr g‘ñ¶m ‘m§Sy>Z AWdm àíZ CnpñWV H$ê$Zho gmYVm ¶oB©b qH$dm EImXçm KQ>H$mMo ì¶mnH$ ñdê$n gmXa H$ê$Z ˶mVrb CnKQ>H$m§À¶m{d{dYm§Jm§Zr ‘m{hVr Jmoim H$am¶bm gwM{dVm ¶oB©b.

2. {Okmgm {Z‘m©U Pmë¶mda ˶m§Mo emoYH$m¶© gwê$ ìhmdo åhUyZ à¶moJemim AWdm J«§Wmb¶mVrb gmYZoAm{U gm{h˶ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo qH$dm H$m¶©joÌmV ZoD$Z H$‘©Mmè¶m§À¶m H$m¶m©Mo {ZarjU H$aʶmMr,˶m§À¶mer MMm© H$aʶmMr g§Yr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo qH$dm {ZgJm©V d¥j, dobr, ney, njr ¶m§Mo{ZarjU H$aʶmMr g§Yr XoUo.

3. {OkmgonmoQ>r Jmoim Ho$boë¶m ‘m{hVrMo Vnerb Zm|X{dUo, VH$m©À¶m AmYmao {díbofU H$aUo, nañnag§~§YemoYUo, ˶mda qMVZ H$aUo, {ZîH$f© H$mT>Uo, Amnbo {ZîH$f© JQ>mg‘moa ‘m§S>Uo, ˶mda MMm© H$aUo,B˶mXtgmR>r {dXçm϶mªZm doi Am{U OmJm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUo.

4. ˶m§À¶m MM}da bj R>odyZ VH©$ewX²Y ‘m§S>UrMo, ¶mo½¶ H$m‘mMo H$m¡VwH$ Am{U Amdí¶H$ VoWo Am{UAmdí¶H$ VodT>oM ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.

7.2 Aܶ¶Z gm{h˶ : da dU©Z Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo dJm©V Am{U dJm©~mhoahr Aܶ¶Zà{H«$¶obmM ‘hËËd ¶oUmaAgë¶m‘wio ¶mnwT>o Aܶ¶Zgm{h˶mMo ‘hËËd AZݶgmYmaU ‘mZbo OmUma Amho. {Okmgm nyU©H$aʶmgmR>r {dXçm϶mªZm nwñVHo$, J«§W, g§X ©J«§W ¶m§Mm Va Cn¶moJ H$amdm bmJUmaM Amho. nU˶mM~amo~a AmH$medmUr, Xÿa{MÌdmUr, g§JUH$-Am§VaOmb ¶m§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo OJ^amVrb kmZmMoI{OZohr emioV CnbãY hmoUma AmhoV. JaO nS>Uma Amho Vr ¶m gmè¶mVyZ Amdí¶H$ Vo g§X © H$goemoYm¶Mo, ˶mVyZ {‘iUmè¶m ‘m{hVrVrb Amnë¶m H$m‘mer g§~§{YV Vnerb H$gm emoYm¶Mm, H$gmnX²YVera Zm|Xdm¶Mm Am{U Amnë¶m H$m‘mV ˶mMm Zo‘H$m Hw$R>o Am{U H$gm Cn¶moJ H$amd¶mMm ¶mg§~§Yr {ZU©¶ KoʶmMr. nU hohr bjmV ¿¶mdo bmJUma Amho H$s ho gmao ‘m{hVrMo Xþ涑 òmoV AmhoV.˶m§À¶mnojmhr A{YH$ Cn¶w³V AmhoV Vo ‘m{hVrMo à˶j òmoV. Vo AgUma AmhoV OrdZmÀ¶m {d{dYjoÌm§V Am{U {ZgJm©V. {VWo Omʶmnydu H$moU˶m hoVyZo hr ‘m{hVr {‘idmd¶mMr, Vr Zo‘H$s H$moR>ogmnS>ob, Vr H$er Jmoim H$am¶Mr, H$er gmR>dm¶Mr ¶mMo {Z¶moOZ H$amdo bmJob. AWm©V {d{dYjoÌmV Am{U {ZgJm©À¶m gmpÝZܶmV OmV Agë¶mZo {Z¶moOZmV Z Amboë¶m AZoH$ {Od§V òmoVm§MrAMmZH$ JmR> nS>Uma Amho. ˶mMm g‘¶gyMH$VZo H$gm Cn¶moJ H$am¶Mm hohr ‘m{hVr Agm¶bm hdo.Zgob Va ˶mg§~§YrMo ‘mJ©Xe©Z ¿¶mdo bmJob.

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (drg)

{dXçm϶mªZm ¶m {d{dY òmoVm§VyZ {‘iUmè¶m ‘m{hVrMo ˶m§À¶m nydm©Zw dm§À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo AmH$bZH$ê$Z Xçmd¶mMo Amho. ‘|XÿV AJmoXaM V¶ma Pmboë¶m kmZaMZm§er (Structures of Schemes of

Knowledge) ˶m§Mo ZmVo Owibo Va H$m‘ gmono hmoUma Amho nU ˶m aMZm§er {damoYr ‘m{hVr g‘moaAmbr Va ‘mÌ Vr gmoSy>Z Xçm¶Mr H$m Amnbr ‘yi kmZaMZmM ~Xbm¶Mr ¶mMm {ZU©¶ ¿¶mdmbmJUma Amho. VH©$, gmamgma ~wX²Yr nwaoer nS>br Zmhr Va {‘Ìm§er, H$m¶©joÌmVrb gmYZ춳VterAWdm {ejH$-{e{jH$m ¶m§À¶mer {Z:g§H$moMnUo MMm© H$amdr bmJUma Amho.

ho gmao AZw dmVyZ gmH$maUma Amho. nU ˶mgmR>r {ejH$m§À¶m dV©ZmMo {ZarjU H$ê$Z, ˶m§Zme§H$m {dMmê$Z {dXçm϶mªZm gwédmV H$amdr bmJUma Amho Am{U eodQ>r {ZU©¶ ñdV: ¿¶mdo bmJUmaAmhoV.

7.3 ‘y붑mnZ : ~mbH$m§Mm ‘mo’$V d g³VrÀ¶m {ejUmMm h³H$ A{Y{Z¶‘ (2009), bmJy Pmë¶mZ§Va˶mVrb H$b‘ 29(2) À¶m A§‘b~OmdUrMm ^mJ åhUyZ 20 Am°JñQ>, 2010 À¶m emgZ {ZU©¶mX²dmaogmV˶nyU© gdªH$f ‘y붑mnZ ¶moOZm bmJy H$aʶmV Ambr d gdmªZr Vr {dYm¶H$nUo ñdrH$mabrAmho. hm emgZ{ZU©¶ n[a{eîQ> H«$. 3 ¶oWo OmoS>bm Amho. hrM ¶moOZm nwZa©{MV Aä¶mgH«$‘mMrA§‘b~OmdUr H$aVmZm gwê$ R>odm¶Mr Amho. VgoM ¶m emgZ {ZU©¶mÀ¶m AZwf§JmZo {dXçm{df¶H$àm{YH$aUmZo nmR>{dboë¶m n[anÌH$mZwgma ¶mo½¶ Vr H$m¶©dmhr H$amd¶mMr Amho. ¶m ¶moOZoZwgma{ejH$m§Zr AmH$m[aH$ d g§H${bV ‘y붑mnZmgmR>r Or gmYZV§Ìo dmnam¶Mr AmhoV ˶m§Mm g‘mdoe{Za{Zamiçm {df¶m§Vrb nmR>çH«$‘mV Z‘wݶmXmIb Ho$bm Amho.

7.4 ‘m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z Aä¶mgH«$‘mMr à^mdr A§‘b~OmdUr :

Aä¶mgH«$‘mVrb Anojm dJm©‘ܶo ‘yV© hmoʶmgmR>r XO}Xma nmR>çgm{h˶g§M, à^mdr {ejH$-à{ejU,{ejH$m§Mr {dXçm϶mªZm CËñ’y$V©nUo Aܶ¶Zmbm àd¥ËV H$aUmar Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZ nX²YVr d{dH$mgmË‘H$, àoaH$ ‘y붑mnZ ¶moOZm ¶m gd©M KQ>H$m§Mr CËV‘ gmW Amdí¶H$ Amho. ¶m gd©à{H«$¶m§Mr n[aUm‘H$maH$Vm dmT>dyZ ˶mV AW©nyU© {d{dYVm AmUʶmgmR>r ‘m{hVr d g§àofU V§ÌkmZmMmX¡Z§{XZ dmna H$aUo hr H$mimMr JaO R>abr Amho. ˶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$ g§JUH$, Am§VaOmb(internet) B˶mXr ¶§ÌUm AmO ‘¶m©{XV emim§V CnbãY Agbr Var ¶WmdH$me gd© emim§VCnbãY hmoUma Amho.

{ejH$m§Zm dJm©~mhoarb, Jw§VmJw§VrMo VgoM MbV² ñdê$nmMo, Eadr Am¶moOZmgmR>r AdKS> AgoAܶ¶Z AZw d ho V§ÌkmZ dmnê$Z ghOnUo XoUo e³¶ hmoUma Amho. ˶mgmR>r Am§VaOmbmdarbbmIm§on¡H$s ¶mo½¶ do~gmB©Q>Mr {ZdS> H$aVm ¶m¶bm hdr. ¶mM~amo~a {ejH$m§Zrhr g§JUH$mMm dmnaH$ê$Z {eH$dʶmgmR>r Zo‘Ho$ gm{h˶ g§H${bV H$aʶmMo H$m¡eë¶ ¶WmdH$me AmË‘gmV H$aUoAno{jV Amho. {dXçm϶mªer H¥${V¶w³V g§dmX gmYUmao (interactive) gm°âQ>doAa nm¶ar-nm¶arZoAܶ¶Z {Z¶moOZmgmR>r VgoM H$ënH$ d {d{dYVm AgUmam gamd XoʶmgmR>r V¶ma H$amdo bmJob

àm. {e. Aä¶mgH«$‘ 2012 - ^mfm ^mJ - 1 : B¶ËVm 1 br Vo 8 dr : (EH$drg)

qH$dm Jw§VmJw§VrÀ¶m Ame¶m{df¶rMo gm°âQ>doAa V¶ma H$ê$Z ¿¶mdo bmJob. e¡j{UH$ do~gmB©Q>X²dmam¶mVrb {ZdS>H$ ¶eñdr Aܶ¶Z/AZw dm§À¶m g§J«hmMo AmXmZ àXmZ {ejH$m§Zm AmngmV H$aUo e³¶hmoUma Amho.

¶m V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m AmYmao ‘y붑mnZmbmhr Zdo n[a‘mU XoUo Ano{jV Amho. CËV‘ àíZm§Mm g§J«hH$ê$Z ˶mVyZ hì¶m ˶m g§»¶oZo g‘m§Va àíZn{ÌH$m V¶ma H$aUo, ‘y붑mnZmV {MÌo, AmH¥$˶m,H$moS>r B˶mXtMm ^anya dmna, ldUmg§~§{YV AZw dm§Mm g‘mdoe, Am°ZbmB©Z ‘y붑mnZ Aem AZoH$e³¶Vm Q>ß߶mQ>ß߶mZo ‘yV© ñdê$nmV AmUUo Ano{jV Amho.

{deof JaOm AgUmar ‘wbo Á¶m àH$maÀ¶m AZw dm§da A{YH$ Adb§~yZ AgVmV ˶m§Zm VoAZw d V§ÌkmZmX²dmao {dnwb à‘mUmV d g‘W©nUo XoVm ¶oVrb. CXmhaUmW© EoHy$ Z ¶oUmè¶m ‘wbm§ZmS>moiçm§Zr KoVm ¶oUmao qH$dm ÑîQ>rMr g‘ñ¶m Agë¶mg ldU ñdê$nmVrb AZw dm§Mo {Z¶moOZ H$aVm¶oB©b. ˶m{df¶r AmdOy©Z {Z¶moOZ H$amdo.

8 {df¶{Zhm¶ AmR>dS>¶mVrb H$mbmdYrMr Q>³Ho$dmar d Vm{gH$m

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