Stucture II_Pertemuan 4_modul 5&6_Rizki Mitha.pptx

8/12/2019 Stucture II_Pertemuan 4_modul 5&6_Rizki Mitha.pptx

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Structure II

Fall 2013Pertemuan IV: September 2013

Modul 5 : Inifinitives and Gerunds

Modul 6 : Inifinitives and Gerunds II

Paramitha Mansoer

Universitas Terbuka

Korea Selatan


2/23

MODUL 5 : INIFINITIVES AND GERUNDS


3/23

Inifinitives and Gerunds

Unit 1 Introduction to Infinitives and Gerunds

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of Prepositions

Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects


4/23

Unit 1 Passive SentencesA . Infinitives: Kata kerja pertama (Verb 1)

(to) + Verb 1

Tuti studies very hard to pass the final

exam. She wakes up very early in the morningand goes to sleep after midnight everyday.

Sometimes she forgets to eat or to take a

shower.

Cek buku Structure 1 halaman 2.22-2.23!


5/23

Unit 1 Passive SentencesB . Gerunds: Kata kerja bentuking yg berfungsi

sbg kata bendaVerb 1 + ing

1. Gerund sebagai subjek

Fishingis exciting. Ridinga horse is not easy.

2. Gerund sebagai objek kata kerja

He enjoys studying.

3. Gerund sebagai objek preposisi

We are excited about goingto the concert.

4. Gerund sebagai pelengkap

My hobby is making cookies.


6/23

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of

Prepositions

from

without

about

in

+ verbing

be given to

be used to

be accustomed tolook forward to

object to

pleed innocent (guilty) to

+ verbing

Preposition

Ex:

He should be prohibited

from coming near her.

To as preposition

Ex:I am used to working on

Sunday.

I object to working on

Sunday.


7/23

Unit 2 Gerunds as Objects of

Prepositions

keep on

put off

go on

be interested in+ verbingapprove/disapprove of

be afraid of

be excited about

be good atcare about

insist on

.... Page 5.14

Fixed phrase:

verb +

preposition

Ex: You should

keep on

going.

I am excitedabout

meeting you.

PS: Read summary page 5.16


8/23

Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs

If a verb is being followed by another verb, we can use

gerund or infinitive for the 2ndverb. These following

verbs can be followed by gerund or infinitive:

1. Stop2. Advise

3. Begin

4. Start5. Intend

6. Regret

7. Continue8. Hate

9. See page 5.22

But!!There are some verbs that can only be followed by

gerund!


9/23

Unit 3 Gerunds as Objects of Verbs

Appreciate

Worth

RiskPrevent

Forgive

Verbs can only be followed by gerund

Admit

Escape

AvoidRecent

Complete

Enjoy

Practice

FinishPrefer

Quit

Recall

Deny

MindImagine

Keep

Delay

Suggest

DreadConsider

Resist

Do you mind ...?

Would you mind ...?

Go if being used to express

recreational activity

I will go fishing this weekend


10/23

Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects

Gerund as Subject

1. Mastering foreign language

takes time and effort.

2. Waiting is boring.

Infinitive as Subject

1. To master English takes

time and effort.

2. To wait for a bus is boring.

Learning point!

1. Gerund as subject is more general while infinitive as subject is

more detail.

2. It + gerund is being use in informal situation while It + infinitive in

formal situation.

Infinitive as subject is not commonly used, therefore the form is

usually changed into: It + infinitives -> It is boring to wait for a bus.

3. It is nice seeing you

4. It is not much good

expecting him to help

3. It is nice to see you

4. It is not much good to

expect him to help


11/23

Unit 4 Gerunds and Infinitives as

Subjects

Gerund is usually used after this phrases. (informal)

Its nice ...

Its worth ...

Its no use ... Its not much good ...

For + object + infinitive phrase is also commonly used

It is important for us to learn English. Do you think it is normal for a child to cry so often?


12/23

MODUL 6 : INFINITIVES & GERUNDS II


13/23

Infinitives & Gerunds II

1. Verb Follows by Infinitives

2. Verb Follows by Either Infinitives or Gerund

3. Verb Follows by Either Infinitives or Gerundbut Gives Different Meaning

4. Using By and With to Show How

Something is Done

5. Infinitives with Too and Enough


14/23

Unit 1 Verbs Followed by Infinitives

a. Afford : She can afford to buy that house

b. Agree : She agreed to buy that house

c. Appear : She appears to be happy

d. Arrange : She arranged to buy that housee. Care : She cared to look for the house

Etc.. Please refer to text book page 6.4

1. Kelompok 1 (Verb + Infinitive)

Learning point!

1. Would like, wishand wantalways followed by infinitives (not

gerund). Example: I would like to learn English.

2. not can be placed before verb or before infinitive; depends on

the meaning. Example:

I have decided notto go VS I have notdecided to go


15/23


a. Allow : He allows us to be late today.

b. Cause : The traffic jam caused me to come late.

c. Challenge : She challenged me to run to school.

d. Convince : He convinces me to skip the class.e. Command : The teacher commands them to sing.

Etc.. Please refer to text book page 6.5

2. Kelompok 2 [Verb + Pro(noun) + Infinitive]

Learning point!

1. If this type of sentence is being transformed into passive

sentence, the verb should be followed directly by infinitive

Example : We were allowed to be late.

I was caused to come late by the traffic jam.


16/23


a. Ask

She asked to go together.

She asked meto go

together.

b. Beg

He begs to stay.

He begs her to stay.

c. Expect

d. Want

e. Wish

f. Promise

3. Kelompok 3 (Verb + Infinitives) or (Verb +

Object + Infinitives)


17/23

Unit 2 Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives

or GerundsKata-kata kerja yang memiliki pengertian sama ketika diikuti oleh

infinitives dan diikuti oleh gerunds:

Verb Verb + gerund Verb + Infinitive

begin* They begin laughing They begin to laugh

prefer** I prefer dancing to singing I prefer to dance than(to) sing

continue He continues practicing He continues to practice

Dislike I dislike eating alone I dislike to eat alone

cant bear He cant bear eating fastfood He cantbear to eat fast food

cant stand I cant stand helpingyou I cant stand to help you

Learning point!

1. Begin in progressive will be followed by infinitives. Example: It

is beginning to rain.

2. If prefer is followed by infinitive, conjunction thanshould be

use.


18/23

Unit 3 Verbs That Have Different Meanings When

Followed Either by a Gerund or an Infinitive

Verb Verb + gerund Verb + Infinitive

Forget Lupa akan sesuatu yg sudah terjadi:

I forget doing my homework

Lupa akan apa yg seharusnya dilakukan:

I forget to do my homework

Remember Ingat apa yg sudah terjadi:

I remember closing the window

Ingat apa yg seharusnya dilakukan:

I remember to close the window

Like Menyukai melakukan sesuatu:

I like going up early

Memilih untuk menjadi kebiasaan:

I like to get up early

Regret Menyesali apa yg sudah dilakukan:

He regrets dumping her

Menyesali apa yg akandilakukan:

He regrets to dump her

Try Mencoba melakukan sesuatu ygberbeda untuk melihat hasilnya:

I try getting up early

Mencoba melakukan sesuatu yg tidakbiasa dilakukan:

I try to get up early

Stop Menghetikan kebiasaan atau

sesuatu yg sedang dilakukan:

I must stop smoking

Menghentikan sesuatu untuk

melakukan yg lain:

I must stop to smoke


19/23

Unit 3 Verbs That Have Different Meanings When

Followed Either by a Gerund or an Infinitive

Special Case!

Need / Require + Gerund = Need / Require + Passive Infinitive

Need / Require + Gerund Need / Require + to Infinitive

Example:

The house needs repainting: Rumah itu butuh di cat ulang.

The house needs to repaint: Kalimat tidak tepat! Seharusnya

subjek yg digunakan adalah manusia bukan the house

The kids required looking after: Anak2 butuh diawasi

The kids required to look after: Anak2 dibutuhkan untuk

mengawasi


20/23

Unit 4 By and With Used to Show How

Something is Done

Penggunaan by secara umum:

Dalam kalimat pasif, bydigunakan sebagai (penunjuk)

pelaku.

Harry Potter story is written byJ.K. Rowling. Bydapat digunakan untuk mengacu pada alat

pengangkutan.

I like traveling bytrain.

Penggunaan byyang berkaitan dengan waktu.

You must arrive here byten a.m.


21/23

Unit 4 By and With Used to Show

How Something is Done

Penggunaan by & with untuk menyatakanbagaimana sesuatu dilakukan:

By : untuk mengatakan apa yang kita lakukan

untuk memperoleh hasil yang kita inginkan.With : untuk menyatakan bagaimana seseorangmengerjakan sesuatu, jadi with menyatakan objekatau alat untuk melakukan sesuatu.

Fire was kept all night bycovering the coals andwood withashes.

The hair is cut withscissors.


22/23

Unit 5 Infinitives with Too and

Enough

A. TooMenyatakan situasi yg tidak bisa terlaksana karenaseseorang atau sesuatu telah melebihi

kapasistasnya.Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + too + adjective/noun + to infinitive He has toomany books to read.

Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + too + adjective/noun + for + object + to infinitive

She walks toofast for the others to follow.


23/23

Unit 5 Infinitives with Too and

Enough

B. Enough

Noun/ Noun phrase + be/Verb + Adjective/ Adverb

+ enough + for + object + to infinitive

His grades are good enoughfor him to pass the

exam.The speed is not fast enoughfor the car to win therace.

Documents

Stucture II_Pertemuan 4_modul 5&6_Rizki Mitha.pptx