Structure 2

Structure 2 spring 20156th Class: April 5, 2015Modul 8 9 : Noun Clauses & Reported SpeechMeiliza Fitrimeiliza.fitri@ymail.com

Universitas Terbuka Korea SelatanClass 6 : Noun ClausesNoun clause adalah kata benda yang digunakan sebagai subjek atau objek pada sebuah kalimat.Noun clause sbg subjek:His story was interesting. What he said was interestingThere are 3 groups of words that can be use to introduce noun clauses:Question words :When, where, why, how, who, whom, which, whoseWhether ifThat

Noun clause sbg objek:I heard his story.I heard what he said. Learning Activity 1Noun Clause with Question WordsNoun Clause with Question WordsQuestionNoun ClauseWhere does she live?I dont know where she lives.What did he say?I couldnt hear what he said.When do they arrive?Do you know when they arrive? Learning Points:Where she lives adalah objek dari kalimat tersebutDo, did, does tidak dipergunakan dalam noun clauseI dont know where she livesS V Owhere she lives Q S VBeberapa noun clause mempunyai pola yang sama dengan kalimat tanya, seperti:

Sementara beberapa lainnya harus mengalami perubahan pola:Noun clause dapat digunakan sebagai subjek. Subjek dalam bentuk noun clause menggunakan singular verb. QuestionNoun ClauseWhat did he say?What he said surprised me. What should they do?What they should do is obvious.Learning Activity 2Noun Clause with Whether or IfNoun Clause with Whether or IfDikembangkan dari yes or no question

Without or notWith or notI dont know whether she will come.I dont know whether she will come or not.I wonder whether he needs help.I wonder whether or not he needs help.I dont know if she will come.I dont know if she will come or not. Pada noun clause with whether or if, kita bisa menambahkan kata or not.Or Not tidak mengubah makna kalimat, hanya memberi penekanan. Learning Activity 3Question Words Followed by InfinitivesQuestion Words Followed by InfinitivesQuestion Words Followed by Infinitives memiliki makna yang sama dengan should can/could.

Should Can/CouldQW with InfI dont know what I should do.I dont know what to do.Pramuki cant decide whether she should go or stay home.Pramuki cant decide whether to go or to stay home. Please tell me how I can get to the Post Office.Please tell me how to get to the Post Office.Jamal told us where we could find it.Jamal told us where to find it. For example:Learning Activity 4Noun Clause with ThatNoun Clause with ThatNoun Clause with That berasal dari sebuah statement (pernyataan). Statement adalah ekspresi dari suatu gagasanNoun Clause with That dapat berperan sebagai subjek ataupun objek pada sebuah kalimatStatementNoun clause as subjectNoun clause as objectThe word is roundThat the world is round is a factIt is a fact that the world is roundShe doesnt understand KoreanThat she doesnt understand Korean is obviousIt is obvious (that) she doesnt understand KoreanLearning point:Jika digunakan sebagai subjek, that tidak boleh dihilangkan.Namun bila digunakan sebagai objek, that dapat dihilangkan. Terutama dalam percakapan.Module 9Reported SpeechClass 6 : Reported SpeechReported speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung.Terdapat 3 jenis reported speech:Reported StatementReported Question, andReported OrderLearning Activity 5Reported StatementReported StatementReported Statement adalah mempergunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pernyataan yang telah dikemukakan oleh seseorang

Quoted StatementReported StatementShe said, I listen to the radioShe said (that) she listened to the radioShe said, I am listening to the radioShe said (that) she was listening to the radioShe said, I have listened to the radioShe said she had listen to the radioShe said, I listened to the radioShe said she had listen to the radioShe said, I will listen to the radioShe said she would listen to the radioShe said, I am going to listen to the radioShe said she was going to listen to the radioShe said, I can listen to the radioShe said she could listen to the radioShe said, I may listen to the radioShe said she might listen to the radioShe said, I must listen to the radioShe said she had to listen to the radioShe said, I should listen to the radioShe said she should listen to the radioReported StatementLearning Point:Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk past, verb pada noun clause juga dalam bentuk pastThe verbs:could, should, would, might, must, neednt, ought to, used tobiasanya tidak berubahDalam percakapan, jika percakapan sedang berlangsung, tidak ada perubahan tenses A :what the teacher just said? I cant hear? B : He said he wants us to readPresent tense tetap digunakan jika membicarakan general truth She said that the world is roundApabila reporting verb dalam bentuk simple present, present perfect atau future, kata kerja dalam noun clause tidak berubah

Quoted StatementReported StatementShe says, I watch TV everydayShe says she watches TV everydayShe has said, I watch TV everydayShe has said she watches TV everydayReported StatementSay and TellLearning Point:Say langsung diikuti oleh noun clauseTell diikuti oleh (pro)noun setelah itu baru noun clauseExample:Lucy told that she was happy salah!Lucy told me that she was happy benarLucy said me that she was happy salah!Lucy said (to me) that she was happy benarLearning Activity 6Reported QuestionReported Question Yes/No QuestionMenggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu pertanyaanLearning point:Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell. Atau dapat jg menggunakan want to know, wonder atau inquireMenggunakan whether/if untuk memperkenalkan noun clausePronoun object (kata ganti objek) dapat dihilangkan setelah ask

QuestionReported QuestionSandi said, Are you alright?Sandi asked me whether/if I was alrightSandi wanted to know if I was alrightSandi wondered whether I was alrightSandi inquire whether or not I was alrightReported Question Question WordsLearning point:Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell.Langsung menggunakan kalimat TanyaPerhatikan perubahan subject dan pronoun!QuestionReported QuestionShe said, Where do you live?She asked me where I lived.She said, What is your name?She asked me what my name.She said, How old she is?She asked me how old she was.She said, What do you do?She asked me what I did.Learning Activity 7Reported OrderReported OrderMenggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan kalimat perintah, ajakan, undangan atau permintaan

Direct OrderReported OrderJamal said, Please come to my party!Jamal invited me to come to his partyMy teacher said, You should learn more!My teacher advised me to learn more.Pattern pada reported order:Jamal invited me to come to his party S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phraseKata-kata yang dapat berperan sebagai reporting verb:AllowBegChallengeConvinceDirectEncourageExpectInstructPersuadeUrge