Stucture II_Pertemuan 6_Module 8 & 9_Rizki Mitha.pptx

7/27/2019 Stucture II_Pertemuan 6_Module 8 & 9_Rizki Mitha.pptx

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Structure 2 Fall2013

6th Class: October 6, 2013

Modul 8 9 : Noun Clauses & ReportedSpeech

Paramitha [email protected]

Universitas TerbukaKorea Selatan


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Class 6 : Noun Clauses

Noun clause adalah kata benda yang digunakansebagai subjek atau objek pada sebuah kalimat.

Noun clause sbg subjek:

His story was interesting.What he said was interesting

There are 3 groups of words that can be use to introduce

noun clauses:

1. Question words :When, where, why, how, who,whom, which, whose

2. Whether if

3. That

Noun clause sbg objek:

I heard his story.I heard what he said.


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Learning Activity 1Noun Clause with Question Words


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What is noun clause?

Question words Whether That

When

WhereWhy

How

Who

Whom

Which

whose

if

Kata-kata yang dipergunakan untuk memperkenalkan noun clauses.


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Noun Clause with Question

WordsQuestion Noun ClauseWhere does she live? I dont know where she lives.

What did he say? I couldnt hear what he said.

When do they arrive? Do you know when they arrive?

Pattern:

Where + she + lives

Q S P

Question Noun Clause

Who lives there? I dont know who lives there.

What happened? Please tell me what happened.

Who is at the door? I dont know who is at the door.

Pattern:

Who + lives there

S P

Pattern:

What + happened

S P

Pattern:

Who + is at the door

S P


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Noun Clause with Question

WordsQuestion Noun ClauseWho is she? I dont know who she is.

What are these men? I dont know what those men are.

Whose house is that? I wonder whose house that is.

Pattern:

Who + is + she

V Aux S

Pattern:

Who + she + is

V S Aux

Question Noun Clause

What did he say? What he said surprised me.

What should they do? What they should do is obvious.

Noun clause sebagai subjek.

Subjek dalam bentuk noun clause menggunakan singular verb.


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Learning Activity 2Noun Clause with Whether or If


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Whether or If Noun clause dengan whether/if dikembangkan dari Yes/No Question.

Yes/No Question Noun Clause

Will she come? I dont know whether she will come.

I dont know if she will come.

Does he need help? I wonder whether he needs help.

I wonder if he needs help.

Without or not With or not

I dont know whether she will come. I dont know whether she will come or not.

I wonder whether he needs help. I wonder whetheror not he needs help.I dont know if she will come. I dont know ifshe will come or not.

Pattern:

Whether or not

Whether . or notIf . or not

Or Not tidak mengubah makna kalimat,

hanya memberi penekanan.


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Learning Activity 3Question Words Followed by

Infinitives


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Question Words Followed by

Infinitives Question Words Followed by Infinitives memilikimakna yang sama dengan should can/could.

ShouldCan/Could QW with Inf

I dont know what I should do. I dont know what to do.

Pramuki cant decide whether she should

go or stay home.

Pramuki cant decide whether to go or to

stay home.

Please tell me how I can get to the Post

Office.

Please tell me how to get to the Post

Office.

Jamal told us where we could find it. Jamal told us where to find it.

For example:


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Learning Activity 4Noun Clause with That


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Noun Clause with That Noun Clause with That berasal dari sebuah statement

(pernyataan). Statement adalah ekspresi dari suatu gagasan

Noun Clause with That dapat berperan sebagai subjekataupun objek pada sebuah kalimat

Statement Noun clause as subject Noun clause as object

The word is round That the world is round is a

fact

It is a fact that the world is

round

She doesnt understand

Korean

That she doesnt understand

Korean is obvious

It is obvious (that) she doesnt

understand Korean

Learning point:

1. Jika digunakan sebagai subjek, that tidak bolehdihilangkan.

2. Namun bila digunakan sebagai objek, that dapat

dihilangkan. Terutama dalam percakapan.


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Module 9Reported Speech


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Class 6 : Reported Speech

Reported speech adalah kalimat tidak langsung.

Terdapat 3 jenis reported speech:

1. Reported Statement

2. Reported Question, and

3. Reported Order


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Learning Activity 5Reported Statement


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Reported Statement

Quoted Statement Reported Statement

I like ice creamShe said (that) she liked ice cream.She says (that) she likes ice cream.

She says, My mumdoesnt have time today.

She says that hermum doesnt havetime today.

Pattern pada reported statement:

She said that she liked ice creamS + reporting verb + noun clause

PERHATIKAN!

1. Conjunction: THAT.

2. Ada/tidaknya perubahan tenses

Perubahan tenses dari quoted statement menjadi reported

statement

3. Perubahan subjek pada noun clause

Subjek pada noun clause mengikuti subjek pada kalimat

utama.

4. Perubahan pronoun

Perubahan pronoun bergantung kepada siapa menyatakan

apa.


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Reported Statement

Terjadi perubahan tenses jika:

Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk past, verb pada noun clause

juga dalam bentuk past.

The verbs could, should, would, might, must, neednt, ought to,used to do not normally change.

Quoted Statement Reported Statement

I like ice creamShe said (that) she liked ice

cream.

Direct Speech Reported Speech

Simple Present Simple Past

Present Progressive Past Progressive

Simple Past

Past Perfect SimplePresent Perfect Simple

Past Perfect Simple

Past Progressive

Past Perfect ProgressivePresent Perfect Progressive

Past Perfect Progressive

Future I (going to) was / were going to

Future I (will)Conditional I (would)

Conditional I (would)


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Reported Statement

Tidak terjadi perubahan tenses jika :

Dalam bahasa percakapan ketika pembicaraan sedang

berlangsung. Menyatakan general truth / fact.

She said that the world is round.

Apabila reporting verb dalam bentuk present, present prefect, ataufuture.

Say and tell say + noun clause

Lusi said that she was happy

tell + (pro)noun objek/objek kata ganti + noun clause

Lusi told me that she was happy.

Quoted Statement Reported StatementShe will say to you,

I watch TV everydayShe will said that she watches TV everyday

I like ice cream She says(that) she likes ice cream.


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Reported Statement

1. Dono told me, I am going to move to Bengkulu.

2. Dono said, I can come to the meeting.

Dono told me that he was going to move to Bengkulu. Pattern:

S + reporting verb + noun clause

Perubahan subjek pada noun clause

Ihe karena merujuk kepada Dono.

Perubahan tenses

told (past) : am going (present cont) was going (past cont)

Dono said that he could come to the meeting.

Pattern:

S + reporting verb + noun clause Perubahan subjek pada noun clause

Ihe karena merujuk kepada Dono.

Perubahan tenses

said (past) : can (modal) could (modal)


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Reported Statement

3. Ana said, Ill be in touch with you soon.

4. Ana said, The new teacher speaks English very well.

Ana said that she would be in touch with me soon.

Pattern:

S + reporting verb + noun clause

Perubahan subjek pada noun clause

Ishe karena merujuk kepada Ana.

Perubahan tenses

said(past) : will be

would beyou pada direct statement dapat diganti menjadi pronoun object

lainnya.

Ana said that the new teacher spoke English very well.

Pattern:S + reporting verb + noun clause

Perubahan tenses

said (past) : speak (present) spoke (past)


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Learning Activity 6Reported Question


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Reported Question Yes/NoQuestion Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan suatu

pertanyaanLearning point:

1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell. Atau dapat jgmenggunakan want to know, wonder atau inquire

2. Menggunakan whether/if untuk memperkenalkannoun clause

3. Pronoun object (kata ganti objek) dapat dihilangkansetelah ask

Question Reported Question

Sandi said, Areyou alright?

Sandi asked me whether/ifI was alright

Sandi wanted to know if I was alright

Sandi wondered whether I was alright

Sandi inquire whether or not I was alright


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Reported Question QuestionWordsLearning point:

1. Menggunakan ask bukan say atau tell.

2. Langsung menggunakan kalimat Tanya

3. Perhatikan perubahan subject dan pronoun!

Question Reported Question

She said, Where do you live? She asked me where I lived.

She said, Whatis your name? She asked me what my name.

She said, How old she is? She asked me how old she was.

She said, What do you do? She asked me what I did.


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Reported Question1. Rita said, What time does the plane leave forKendari?

Rita asked what time the plane left for Kendari.


Pattern pada noun clause: S + P

Pattern pada question sentence: Question word + auxiliary + S + P.

Conjunction : what time (question word)

Perubahan tenses

asked (past) : leave (present)

left (past)

Rita asked me if/whether prices were cheap in the fruit market near

Bogor.

Pattern:

S + reporting verb + pro(noun) object + noun clauseme pada reported question merupakan pronoun object. Dapat diganti

dengan pronoun object yang lain. Bisa juga tidak digunakan.


Pattern pada question sentence: auxiliary + S.

Conjunction : whether/if

Perubahan tensesasked (past) : are (auxiliary) were (auxiliary).

2. Rita said, Are prices cheap in the fruit market near Bogor?


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Reported Question3. Rita said, How old is Meriam?

4. Rita said, Is Toraja a nice place to visit?

Rita asked how old Meriam was.



Pattern pada question sentence: Question word + auxiliary + S + P.

Conjunction : how old (question word)

Perubahan tenses

asked (past) : is (present) was (past)

Rita asked if/whether Toraja was a nice place to visit.

Pattern:

S + reporting verb + noun clausePattern pada noun clause: S + P

Pattern pada question sentence: auxiliary + S

Conjunction : whether/if

Perubahan tenses

asked (past) : is (auxiliary) was (auxiliary).


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Learning Activity 7Reported Order


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Reported Order Menggunakan noun clause untuk melaporkan kalimat

perintah, ajakan, undangan atau permintaanDirect Order Reported Order

Jamal said, Pleasecome to my party! Jamal invited me to come to his party

My teacher said, You should learn

more!

My teacher advised me to learn more.

Pattern pada reported order:

Jamal invited me to come to his party

S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phrase

Kata-kata yang dapat berperan sebagai reporting verb:Allow

Beg

Challenge

Convince

Direct

Encourage

Expect

Instruct

Persuade

Urge


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Reported Order1. Rini said, Say hello to doctor Susi, please.

2. Jalil said, Leave the door open, please?

Rini reminded me to say hello to doctor Susi.

Pattern:S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phrase

Reporting verb : remind.

(pro)noun object : me. Dapat diganti dengan yang lain: us, Ana, dsb.

Tidak ada perubahan tenses karena to+infinitives menggunakan verb

dasar

Jalil ordered us to leave the door open.

Pattern:


Reporting verb : order.

(pro)noun object : us.


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Reported Order3. Agus said, Please send my best wishes to Simbolon.

4. Agus said, Could you read it for me again?

Agus told us to send his best wishes to Simbolon.

Pattern:S + reporting verb + (pro)noun object + infinitive phrase

Reporting verb : told.

(pro)noun object : us.

my best wishes his best wishes karena merujuk pada Agus.

Tidak ada perubahan tenses karena to+infinitives menggunakan verb

dasar

Agus instructed his servant to read the book again for him again.

Pattern:


Reporting verb : instruct

(pro)noun object : his servant.

for me for him.

Documents

Stucture II_Pertemuan 6_Module 8 & 9_Rizki Mitha.pptx