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青岛滨海学院精品课程

英语精品课程

孙敏副教授

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I. Revision ：

1. 新闻英语标题结构的特点：广泛使用名词和简短小词 ; 使用“时髦词” ; 使用缩略词和数字

2. 新闻英语标题的时态、语态、及修辞特点 : 常用一般现在时代替过去时，用动词不定式代替将来可能发生的事 ; 常用过去分词表示省略被动句，现在分词表示进行时 ; 广泛使用修辞

3. 新闻英语标题的翻译技巧：直译或基本直译；意译；增词；减词；转换语

言形式；发挥汉语优势4. 新闻报道的结构特点：一篇新闻报道，一般包括标题（ Title ）、导

语（ Lead ）和正文（ Body ）三部分。5. 新闻报道的翻译方法：全译；编译

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i. A presentation of the main contents:第一节 报刊政论文的翻译

一、报刊政论文的文体特点二、报刊政论文的翻译

第二节 演说词的翻译一、演说词的文体特点二．演说词的翻译技巧

第三节 其他论说文的翻译

II. New Lesson

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ii. A study of the theory in detail:

第一节 报刊政论文的翻译

Part One 理论

一．报刊政论文的特点：

二、报刊政论文的翻译

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第一节 报刊政论文的特点

1 ．报刊政论文（包括政治、经济、军事、法律及社会文体等专论）旨在阐述某种观点，具有一定的说服力，在性质上不同于力求客观传递信息的新闻报道。

2 ．一般说来，报刊政论文由鲜明的论点、深入的阐发和概括性的结论三部分组成。逻辑性强，结构严谨。这也不同于那种按新闻价值大小安排的“倒金字塔”式的。段与段之间无必然联系的新闻报道。

3 ．在语言风格方面，注意严肃的论述语气、用语正式，常用难词、长词、长句和复杂句。

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翻译报刊政论文应注意以下几点：1 ．了解与评论的文体有关的背景知识。2 ．精读、细读原文（ 1 ）找准观点；（ 2 ）找出展开分析的段落，分析句与句之

间、段与段之间的逻辑关系；（ 3 ）查阅相关的工具书，弄懂字、句的确

切含义。在理解的基础上忠实反映原文的思想内容和

作者的观点，避免有意或无意的歪曲。对比研究下面的两种译文，试比较其优劣：

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Despite its extraordinary achievements in art, science, intellectual, moral and political life, the United States is a nation in which tens of thousands of young people flee reality by opting for drug-induced; a nation in which legions (大批 ) of elderly folk vegetate （过单调乏味的生活） and die in loneliness; in which the flight from family and occupational responsibility has become an exodus（大批地离去） , in which masses tame their raging anxieties with Miltown（眠尔通） , or Librium（利眠宁） , or Equanil （伊圭尼尔） , or a score of other tranquilizers（镇静药） and psychic pacifiers（精神抚慰） . Such a nation, whether it knows it or not, is suffering from future shock. (Alvin Toffler; Future Shock)

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译文 1

尽管美国在艺术、科学、思想、精神和政治生活方面都取得了非凡的成就，但它却又是这样一个国家：成千上万的年轻人服用麻醉剂来逃避现实，大批老年人单调地生活着和孤独地死去，又有大批人为了摆脱家庭和社会职责而移居国外，大批人服用米尔汤，利比安，伊圭尼尔或其他种种镇静剂和安神剂来抑制烦恼。这样一个国家（不管它是否意识到）正在遭受未来的冲击。

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译文 2

尽管美国在在艺术、科学、思想、精神和政治生活方面都取得了极其辉煌的成就，它仍是一个百万年轻人靠毒品引起的疲乏来逃避现实的一个民族；一个大批的老年人在孤独中生活，在孤独中死去的民族；一个逃离家童和逃避职业责任已成为一个移民形式的民族；一个许多人用醚酮、利比安或其他各种镇静剂和精神镇静剂来支付他们满腔忧愤的民族。无论她自己是否意识到，这样一个民族正在遭受未来振荡的痛苦。

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二、报刊政论文的翻译试译下述文字：Many economists and bankers insisted that only

a major restructuring of the world’s debts, to allow lower interest to be repaid over longer periods, could resolve the problem. But this cannot happen without the support of central banks and governments, and most voters and politicians were in no mood to think about long-term global solutions. Internationalism, which had been part of the western creed of the ‘60s, was now an increasingly suspect word. After 12 months of the economic roller coaster, there were few signs of changing attitudes. Would a more severe world crisis in 1984 persuade nations of the need to work together, or would it terrify them into putting their necks still further into the sand?实践

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To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic system, Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries, terms that will not provoke revolution of chaos. They will have to lower interest requirements, with some from or subsidy from the central banks if necessary. And they will have to strengthen the IMF as their ultimate safeguard.It is not enough for the IMF and the banks to provide a financial fire brigade, moving from one debt crisis to another. The IMF must be given enough support to make longer-term loans in order to enable developing countries to revive their exports without enduring crippling hardships. Unless Western governments face up more costly intervention.实践

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(Anthony Sampson: The Problems of Oil, of Debt and Disarray( 混乱 ))许多经济学家和银行家坚信只有对世界债务进行重大调整，允许在更长的时间内支付较低的利息，才能解决问题。但是，没有各国政府和各中央银行的支持，这是办不到的。作为 20 世纪 60 年代西方信条重要组成部分的“国际主义”，现在越来越成为一个可疑的词。这辆经济过山车运行 12个月之后，并没有出现多少态度变化迹象。 1984年的一场更严重的经济危机会说服贫困国家共同努力，还是把他们吓得把头更深深地埋进沙里？为了防止发生重大的宣布无力偿还债务的事件，并使经济体制恢复稳定，西方各国银行家和政府必须确保他们强制发展中国家履行的还债条件是公平合理的，是不至于引起革命或混乱的；他们必须降低有关利息，必要时可由各国中央银行给予某种形式的津贴；必须加强国际货币基金组织作为最后保障。

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对于国际货币基金组织和各大银行而言，仅仅发挥金融“消防队”的作用，为一次次的债务危机而奔忙还是不够的，国际货币基金组织必须获得足够的支持，使它能够提供长期贷款，以便使各发展中国家能够振兴出口而不遭受严重的困难。除非西方国家政府勇敢地面对这一挑战，否则它们将不得不付出更加高昂的代价去干预各地可能发生的一次次重大的政治灾难。

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Part Two 翻译实践练习

第 一 节请试译培根的《论读书》

第 二 节请将奥巴马就职演说编译成汉语

第 三 节

翻译

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Part Two 翻译实践练习

请试译培根的《论读书》Of Study ( 论读书 )

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature,

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and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments,

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and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思 。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全

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神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

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Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave ;logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics;

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for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，

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骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。 (王佐良译 )

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第二节 演说词的翻译Part One 理论

一、演说词的文体特点

二、翻译演说词应注意的几点

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演说词是演讲者就某一论题向公众公开发表的话语，是一种口头标到的论说文。正式的演说词逻辑严密，资料详实，论说有力。

一、演说词的文体特点1 ．以理服人。这是一般论说文的共同之处。2 ．以情感人。这是不同于报刊评论的地方。演说者直接面对听众，其言辞往往条理清晰，言之有物，而且富有文采，富有激情，富有感召力。3 ．在不少情况下，使用书面口语体（Written-conversational Style ） , 用词的正式程度一般，句式不过分复杂。

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二、翻译演说词应注意以下几点：

1 ．理清演讲者论题的思路。2 ．分析词的感情色彩，把握演讲者的语气。3 ．译文遣词造句的风格与原文接近。下面我们来学习几篇例文 :

(1)…Wherefore, O judges, be of good cheer about death, and know of a certainty, that no evil can happen to a good man, either in life or after death. He and his are not neglected by the gods; nor has my own approaching end happened by mere chance. But I see clearly that the time had arrived when it was better for me to die and be released from trouble; wherefore the oracle gave no sign. For which reason, also, I am not angry with my condemners, or with my accusers; they have done me no harm, although they did not means to do me any good; and for this I may gently blame them.

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…The hour of departure has arrived, and we go our ways-I to die, and you to live. Which is better. God only knows.

分析：公元前 399 年苏格拉底以“渎神违教”之罪被控入狱，不久被判处死刑。他临终前的辩诉词（ Apology ）说得不温不火，既略带讽刺，又充满睿智。

译文……法官们啊，不必违死亡而感丧气，要知道善良的人无论生前死后都不会遭逢恶果，他和家人不会为诸神抛弃。快要降临在我身上的结局并非偶然。我很知道现在对我来说，死亡比在世为佳。我可以摆脱一切烦恼，因此未有神谕显现。为了同样的理由，我不怨恨起诉者或是将我判罪的人。他们虽对我不怀善意，却未令我受害。不过，我可要稍稍责怪他们的不怀善意。

……

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离别的时刻到了，我们得各自上路—我走向死亡，你们继续活下去。至于生与死孰优，只有神明方知。

（ 2 ）…Gentlemen may cry Peace, Peace! —but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to out ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!实践

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分析：帕特里克•亨利的这篇 1775年于弗吉尼亚州会议上发表的主张反抗压迫、争取北美独立的演说，慷慨激昂，大义凛然。

译文： 各位响声可以呼吁“和平，和平！”，但

和平并没有到来，而战争却已经打响！风暴将从北方席卷而来，隆隆的炮声将传入耳鼓！我们的兄弟已经奔赴战场，我们还在这里坐等什么？各位先生究竟想要什么，又能得到什么？难道生命果真如此可贵，和平果真如此美好，竟值得以枷锁奴役为代价去换取吗？全能的上帝啊，不要让我们这样做吧！别人选择走怎样的道路，我不知道，但对我来说，不自由，毋宁死！

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（ 3 ） You, the students at Fudan University, and the scholars at all the universities in China and America, have a great role to play in both our countries’ futures. From your ranks will come the understanding and skill the world will require in decades to come. Today’s leaders can pave the way of the future. That is our responsibility. But it is always the younger generation who will make the future. It is you who will decide if a continuing personal friendship can span the generations and the differences that divide us. In such friendship lies the hope of the world.

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… My young friends, history is a river that may

take us as it will. But we have the power to navigate, to choose direction and make our passage together. The wind is up, the current is swift, opportunity for a long and fruitful journey await us. We have made our choice. Our new journey will continue. And may it always continue in peace and in friendship!

分析：这是美国前总统里根 1984年 4月 30日在复旦大学发表的讲话中的两段，接近日常口语体。

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译文：复旦大学的同学们，还有中美两国所有大学的学者们，你们肩负着两国未来的重任。今后几十年里，世界将需要你们这些人相互谅解，发挥才能。今天的领袖可以为未来铺平道路，这是我们的责任。但是未来终究要由年轻的一代来创造。至于个人之间的持久友谊能不能弥合代与代之间、国与国之间的分歧，就取决于你们了。世界的希望，就寄托在这种友谊上。

……青年朋友们，历史是一条长河，它可能会左右我们的命运。但是我们由能力驾起航船，选择方向，共同前进。风正高，浪正急，成功在望的迢迢征程在等待着我们。我们已经作出了选择。新的旅程开始了。愿我们一路顺风，愿和平与友谊常伴我们左右！

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Part Two 翻译实践练习

请将奥巴马就职演说编译成汉语：I stand here today humbled by the task b

efore us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the

sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.

今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。

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Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.

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迄今为止，已经有 44个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰，以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。

So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.

前辈们如此，我们这一代美国人也要如此。

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That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.

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现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨；国家的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。我们的人民正在失去家园，失去工作，很多企业倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天都会有新的证据显示，我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力，同时也威胁着我们的星球。

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These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.

统计数据的指标传达着危机的信息。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀 -- 现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。

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Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.

今天我要说，我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战，而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决。但是我们要相信，我们一定会度过难关。

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.

今天，我们在这里齐聚一堂，因为我们战胜恐惧选择了希望，摒弃了冲突和矛盾而选择了团结。

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On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.

今天，我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。

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We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are

equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.

美国仍是一个年轻的国家，借用《圣经》的话说，放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。重拾坚韧精神的时代已经到来，我们要为历史作出更好的选择，我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利，秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念：上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由，以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。

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In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted - for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.

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在重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，伟大需要努力赢得。（我们的民族一路走来），这旅途之中从未有过捷径或者妥协，这旅途也不适合胆怯之人、或者爱安逸胜过爱工作之人、或者单单追求名利之人。这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路。这其中有一些人名留青史，但是更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅行，带领我们走向富强和自由。 For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.

为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的细软，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；

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For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sanh.

Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

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为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作，定居他乡；为了我们，先辈们奔赴（独立战争中的）康科德城和葛底斯堡、（二战中的）诺曼底、（越战中的） Khe Sahn ，他们英勇征战、战死疆场。

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Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.

一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了我们可以生活得更好。在他们看来，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。

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This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions - that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.

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今天我们继续先辈们的旅途。美国依然是地球上最富裕、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比，美国人民的生产力依然旺盛；与上周、上个月或者去年相比，我们的头脑依然富于创造力，我们的商品和服务依然很有市场，我们的实力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，墨守成规的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难决定犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，重新开始工作，重塑美国。

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For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of the economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act - not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. And all this we will do.

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我目之所及，许多工作有待完成。国家的经济情况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动，我们的确是要行动，不仅是要创造就业，更要为（下一轮经济）增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路，为企业铺设电网和数字线路，将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学，运用科技的奇迹提高医疗质量，降低医疗费用。我们将利用风能、太阳能和土壤驱动车辆，为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校，以适应新时代的要求。这一切，我们都能做到，而且我们都将会做到。

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Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions - who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.

现在，有一些人开始质疑我们的野心是不是太大了，他们认为我们的体制承载不了太多的宏伟计划。他们是健忘了。他们已经忘了这个国家已经取得的成就；他们已经忘了当创造力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合起来时，自由的美国人民所能发挥的能量。

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What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them - that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works - whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account - to spend wisely, reform bad habits and do our business in the light of day - because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.

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这些怀疑论者的错误在于，他们没有意识到政治现实已经发生了变化，长期以来耗掉我们太多精力的陈腐政治论争已经不再适用。今天，我们的问题不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否起作用，政府能否帮助家庭找到薪水合适的工作、给他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给与肯定的答案，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。而掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，磊落做事，这样才能在政府和人民之间重建至关重要的相互信任。

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Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control - and that a nation cannot prosper long when it favours only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach f; on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart - not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.我们面临的问题也不是市场好坏的问题。市场创造财富、拓展自由的能力无可匹敌，但是这场危机提醒我们，如果没有监管，市场很可能就会失去控制，而且偏袒富人国家的繁荣无法持久。国家经济的成败不仅仅取决于国内生产总值的大小，而且取决于繁荣的覆盖面，取决于我们是否有能力让所有有意愿的人都有机会走向富裕。我们这样做不是慈善，而是因为这是确保实现共同利益的途径。

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As for our common defence, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our founding fathers, faced with perils we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and that we are ready to lead once more.

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就共同防御而言，我们认为国家安全与国家理想的只能选其一的排他选择是错的。面对我们几乎无法想像的危险，我们的先辈们起草了确保法治和个人权利的宪章。一代代人民的鲜血夯实了这一宪章。宪章中的理想依然照亮着世界，我们不能以经验之谈放弃这些理想。因此我想对正在观看这一仪式的其他国家的人民和政府说，不论他们现在各国伟大的首府还是在如同我父亲出生地一般的小村落，我想让他们知道：对于每个追求和平和自尊的国家和个人而言，美国都是朋友，我们愿意再次领导大家踏上追寻之旅。

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Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.

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回想先辈们在抵抗法西斯主义之时，他们不仅依靠手中的导弹或坦克，他们还依靠稳固的联盟和坚定的信仰。他们深知单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，他们也深知我们强大并不足以使我们有权利为所欲为。他们明白，正是因为使用谨慎，我们的实力才不断增强；正是因为我们的事业是公正的、我们为世界树立了榜样，因为我们的谦卑和节制，我们才安全。

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We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort - even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologise for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defence, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.

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我们继承了这些遗产。在这些原则的再次领导下，我们有能力应对新的威胁，我们需要付出更多的努力、进行国家间更广泛的合作以及增进国家间的理解。首先，我们将以负责任的态度，将伊拉克交还给伊拉克人民，同时巩固阿富汗来之不易的和平。对于老朋友和老对手，我们将继续努力，不遗余力，削弱核威胁，遏制全球变暖的幽灵。我们不会为我们的生活方式感到报歉，我们会不动摇地扞卫我们的生活方式。对于那些企图通过恐怖主义或屠杀无辜平民达成目标的人，我们要对他们说：我们的信仰更加坚定，不可动摇，你们不可能拖垮我们，我们定将战胜你们。

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For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus - and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.

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因为我们知道，我们的多元化遗产是一个优势，而非劣势。我们国家里有基督徒也有穆斯林，有犹太教徒也有印度教徒，同时也有非宗教信徒。我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个星球上任何一个角落的有益成分。正是因为我们民族曾亲尝过内战和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们不由自主，只能相信一切仇恨终有一天都会成为过去，种族的划分不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，我们相信终有一天人类共有的人性品德将会自动显现。在迎接新的和平时代到来的过程中，美国需要发挥自己的作用。

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To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the west - know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.

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对于穆斯林世界，我们将基于共同的利益和信仰，寻找更好的合作之路。对于那些在世界各个地方挑起冲突或一味批评西方不良影响的领导者：你的人民评判你的依据是你建立了什么，而不是破坏了什么。对于那些依靠腐败和欺骗并压制异议而追求权利的人们：你们站在了人类历史的对立面。如果你们能张开紧握的拳头，我们也将伸出友谊之手。

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To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.

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对于那些贫穷的人们，我们保证和你们一起建设繁茂的农场和干净的水源，滋养那些饥寒交迫的身体和心灵。对于那些与我们一样相对富裕的国家，我们不能再对外界的苦难漠不关心，更不能继续大肆索取世界的资源。世界必须改变，我们都必须改变。

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As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honour them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment - a moment that will define a generation - it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.

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当我们审视前方的道路时，我们会感激那些跨越千山万水来到这里的人们。今天，他们有话对我们说，也是安息在阿林顿国家公墓里的先烈们时刻提醒我们的。我们尊敬他们不仅因为是他们捍卫了我们的自由，更因为他们正是奉献精神的化身；他们致力于寻找远高于自身的生命真谛。而此时，在这个特殊的时代，我们更需让这种精神长存。

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For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.

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因为无论美国政府能做多少，必须做多少，美国国家的立国之本最终还是美国人的决心和信念。于防洪堤坝决堤之时收留陌生受难者的善意，于在经济不景气的时候宁愿减少自己工时也不肯看着朋友失业的无私，正是他们支撑我们走过黑暗的时刻。消防队员冲入满是浓烟的楼梯抢救生命的勇气，父母养育孩子的坚持，正是这些决定了我们的命运。

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Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends - hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism - these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility - a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.

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我们面临的挑战也许是新的，我们应对挑战的措施也许也是新的，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观 -- 勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义 --却是历久弥新，这些价值观是可靠的。他们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。

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This is the price and the promise of citizenship.这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。

This is the source of our confidence - the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.我们自信源于对上帝的信仰，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。

This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed - why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在 50 多年前我的父亲甚至都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。

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So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to thepeople:

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所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说：

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"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."“ 我们要让未来的世界知道……在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活……面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。”

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America. In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.

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今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的语言。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有犹豫，我们脚踏实地、心怀信仰，秉承了宝贵的自由权利并将其安全地交到了下一代的手中。

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第三节 其他论说文的翻译Part One 理论 一．其他论说文的特点：除报刊政论文和演说词以外，还有一类论说

文以小品文或随笔的形式出现，文章的作者就与日常生活密切相关的话题发表自己的见解，小到日常琐事的思考，大到对诸如智慧、真理、友谊、爱情等人生哲理的探讨。

这类文章除具有论说文的一般特点，除注重说理的逻辑性以外，还有一个显著的特点，即语言生动活泼，内容贴近生活，富有哲理性和启发性。请试译下列一段文字：

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It is perfectly possible to organize the life of our college in such a way that students and teachers alike will take part in; in such a way that perfectly natural daily intercourse will be established between them; and it is only by such an organization that they can be given real vitality as places of serious training, be made communities in which youngsters will come fully to realize how interesting intellectual work is, how important, how closely associated with all modern achievement—only by such an organization that study can be made to seem part of life itself. Lectures often seem very formal and empty; recitations generally prove very dull and unrewarding. It is in conversation and natural intercourse with scholars chiefly that you find how lively knowledge is, how it ties into everything that is interesting and important, how intimate a part it is of everything that is “practical ” and connected with the world. Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful by association with men who think.

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译文：把我们的大学生活这样组织起来，使学生和教师都参与其中，使师生之间建立起非常自然的日常交往，这是完全可能的事。只有这样组织起来，才能使我们的大学作为严格培养人才的地方获得真正的活力，使之成为共同生活的集体，年轻人在其间将充分认识到脑力劳动是多么有趣，多么重要，多么生机勃勃，与现代的一切成就多么密切相关—只有通过这样组织起来，学习才能显得是生活本身的有机部分。讲课常常显得非常刻板而空洞无物；背诵往往是非常枯燥而没有效益。主要是在与学者们的谈话和自然的交往中，你才会发现知识是多么生动活泼，知识是多么紧密地与一切有趣而重要的事物结合在一起，成为它们密不可分的一部分。书本并不总能教会人们善于思考，但是同善于思考的人交往，却往往能使一个人的思想丰富起来。

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Part Two 翻译实践练习请翻译下文： Two Truth to Live ByHold fast, and lat go: understand when to hold this paradox, and you stand at the very gate of Wisdom.

Alexander M. Schindler The art of living is to know when to hold fast an

d when to let go. For life is a paradox (矛盾体 )：it enjoins us to cling to its many gifts even while it ordains their eventual relinquishment. The rabbis of old put it this way: “A man comes to this world with his first clenched, but when he dies, his hand is open.”

Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty that breaks through every pore of God’s own earth. We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.

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We remember a beauty that faded, a love that waned. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.

A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was hospitalized following a severe located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be wheeled across the courtyard on a journey.

As we emerged from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That’s all there was to my experience. Just the light of the sun. And yet how beautiful it was---how warming, how sparking, how brilliant!

I looked to see whether anyone else relished ( 享受，欣赏 ) the sun’s golden glow, but everyone was hurrying to and from, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often I, Then I remembered how often I,

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too, had been indifferent to the grandeur of each day, too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all.

The insight gleaned from that experience is really as commonplace as was the experience itself: life’s gifts are paradoxical demands on us: Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. Be reverent before each dawning day, embrace each hour, seize each golden minute.

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两条生活的真理抓紧，放松：明白了这对矛盾，你就踏进了智能的大门。

（亚历山大•M•欣德勒）生活的妙诀在于懂得何时抓紧，何时放松。因为人生就是一对矛盾，它既令我们抓紧人生的多种赐予，同时又要我们到头来把这些赐予放弃。老一辈犹太学者这样说：“一个人握紧拳头来到这个世界，但他却是松开手掌离开这世界的。”

毫无疑问，我们应该牢牢抓住生命，因为它奇妙，它有一种上帝创造的世界里无孔不入、无处不在的美。我们大家都知道这一点。可是我们却常常是在回首之时，却发现那似曾相识的已经逝去，方才领悟到这一声明的真谛。

我们的脑海中浮现出那凋谢了的美丽，那消陨了的爱情。可是鲜花盛开的时候，我们却无视地走过，爱情敲门的时候，我们却没有回应。想起这往昔的种种，

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心更是格外地痛啊。最近的一次亲身经历又使我领悟到珍惜生命这个道理。

一场剧烈的心脏病发作，我住了院，接受了好几天的精心护理。医院可不是个令人愉快的地方。

一天上午，我得做几项检查。因为要用的医院器械在医院对面的楼里，我只有坐着轮椅穿过院子才能到达。

我们走出病房，我被迎面而来的阳光震慑住了！我的经历就是这个，这阳光！那是多幺美丽的阳光啊！那幺温暖，那幺耀眼，那幺辉煌！

我四下看看别人是不是也像我一样欣赏这灿灿金光，却发现人人都来去匆匆，大多数人的眼睛只盯在地上。这时候我想起自己过去不也是对每天的壮观景象视而不见，一头埋在细小的，有时甚至是卑鄙自私的事务中，而对这一切日常的奇观麻木不仁吗？

经历平常，所得的顿悟也一样平凡：生命的赐予是多幺宝贵，可惜我们太熟视无睹了。

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这就是人生向我们提出的矛盾要求的第一方面：不要因为太忙就忽视了生活中令人惊奇的、令人敬畏的东西。怀着虔诚的心迎接每一个黎明，拥抱每一个钟点，抓住每一分黄金时光。

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III. Summary 总结

一．政论文的特点：1 ．报刊政论文（包括政治、经济、军事、法

律及社会文体等专论）旨在阐述某种观点，具有一定的说服力，在性质上不同于力求客观传递信息的新闻报道。

2 ．一般说来，报刊政论文由鲜明的论点、深入的阐发和概括性的结论三部分组成。逻辑性强，结构严谨。这也不同于那种按新闻价值大小安排的“倒金字塔”式的。段与段之间无必然联系的新闻报道。

3 ．在语言风格方面，注意严肃的论述语气、用语正式，常用难词、长词、长句和复杂句。

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二、报刊政论文的翻译翻译报刊政论文应注意以下几点：1 ．了解与评论的文体有关的背景知识。2 ．精读、细读原文（ 1 ）找准观点；（ 2 ）找出展开分析的段落，分析句与句

之间、段与段之间的逻辑关系；（ 3 ）查阅相关的工具书，弄懂字、句的

确切含义。在理解的基础上忠实反映原文的思想内容和

作者的观点，避免有意或无意的歪曲。

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三．演说词的文体特点1 ．以理服人。这是一般论说文的共同之处。2 ．以情感人。这是不同于报刊评论的地方。演说者直接面对听众，其言辞往往条理清晰，言之有物，而且富有文采，富有激情，富有感召力。

3 ．在不少情况下，使用书面口语体（Written-conversational Style ） ,用词的正式程度一般，句式不过分复杂。

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四．翻译演说词应注意以下几点：1 ．理清演讲者论题的思路。2 ．分析词的感情色彩，把握演讲者的语气。3 ．译文遣词造句的风格与原文接近。 IV. C

onsolidation 巩固参读书目：英汉翻译教程 杨士焯 第六章 翻

译的语篇类型篇 （ P187-188）

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谢谢使用！