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Macroeconomics
: E-mail: [email protected]: 13313651517
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1. 2.
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1.() ()
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2.()
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3.()
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4.
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Gross Domestic ProductGDP SNA
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GDP GDPGDPGDP GDP GDP GDPGDP GDP
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Value Added
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1.12007GDP
28095.0121381.3100053.5249529.9
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GDPGDPCIGNX
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CConsumptionC
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I
(InvestmentI)
GDP
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G(Government PurchaseG)
GDP
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NXNet ExportNXXExportMImportXM
Trade Surplus (Trade Defit)
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1.22007GDP
263242.5128444.693317.235127.4111417.4105221.36196.123380.5
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1 2
-
3 4
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5 7 6 GDP
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1.3 GDP
10%1.533257.982.4865.573.1461.914.8157.245.91510.876.6586.817.8939.649256100.00
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GDP
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Net Domestic ProductNDP GDPNominal Gross Domestic Product
GDPGDPReal Gross Domestic Product
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1.4 GDPGDP[220150/15046.7%]
[(340150)/150126.7%]
1990GDP2008GDP2008GDP10550208160205100520100630180620120150340220
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(Gross National ProductGNP)GDPGNPGNPGDP
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GNPNNP (Net National Product)
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(Personal IncomePI) (Personal Disposable IncomePDI)
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GDP GDP
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GDP
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CIG(XM)CST
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CICS
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CIGYCST
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CIGXMCST
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CYCfY
-
abMPCbYa100b0.9C1000.9Y190%Y
- C0YC=YC=a+YEAPC>1APC=1APC
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MPC0~1
APC1
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Sg(Y)SYCY(abY)a(1b)Y EAOSYS=a+(1b)Y
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Sg(Y)
- CS0a-aEYY-s-s+s+sC=a+YS=-a+(1-)YAPC>1APC=1APC
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APCAPS1 YCSY MPCMPS1 YCS
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II0 YCI0CabY
C 20000.6Y400
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EY*Y* AEF2.7CBY1YOCIC+IY*
-
CIGYCIG YCIG Cab(YtYT0Tr)
Cab(YT) ab(YtYT0Tr)
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GTr
C1000.8(YT0Tr)I100G400T0200Tr100
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CIGNXXMNXXMYCIGNX MM0mY YCIGNX= C+IGX(M0mY
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YC+IGX(M0mYCabY tY T0 Tr
mX
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2.9CIGNX45AAY*Y* AOIGCNXYC+I+G+NXY*2.9
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1931
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(Multiplier Principle) C1000.8Y6060080900Y/I55
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bI20I200.816bI20(0.8)212.8b2In20(0.8)n-1bn-1I20200.8200.82200.83IbIb2I
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I0I1
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GYKG
G0G1
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TYKT
T0T1
-
TrYKTr
Tr0Tr1
-
GT
KB1
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ISLMISLMISLM
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ISLM IS LM
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edd IfrIedr
-
OrII=edr3.1
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3.2
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IS IS I0edr IS CabY
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ISIS3.3E1E2BI=edrS2S1Y2I2I1r2r1YIrS =a+(1b)Y I=SY1AS3.4 ISIS
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ISISI< S ISE1ISIS
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IS IGSTIS YCIGCab(YtYT0Tr)Iedr
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IS CIGNXYCIGNX YCIG+X(M0+mY)Cab(YtYT0Tr)
Iedr
-
IS1ae 100()A1(10.8)5IS500()aeIS
OrYISIS1IS2
-
IS2[]/dIS3.6ISIS1IS2ISOrYISIS1IS2
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ISISYKGG IS
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ISISISYKTT IS
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Real AssetsPhysical AssetsFinancial Assets
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Central Bank(Chartered Banks) 1.
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2 3 1
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M1M2M3M1M2M1M3M2
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MmP
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M/POrm3.7
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;L1YL1fYkY
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,
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L2rL2gruhrr2OrL23.8 L2=g(r)
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LLL1L2f(Y)g(r)kYuhrDADABAC
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L1L2L3Y1 Y2 Y3
-
r2
r1
r0
OrL23.10mLE
-
LMLMLMYrmLmkYuhr
OrY3.11 LMLM
- LMAL1aL2b>MLME1BL2aL1b
-
LMr0 rnr0OrL23.13 LMrnLMLM
-
LMLM M1/P1Y1r2 rM0 /P0
M1 /P1
M /P
Y2Y1C1
rYOOr1r2D2
LM1
LM2
r2r1C
D
3.14 LM(a)
(b)
-
ISLMISLM
-
EBAFDCYOr3.15 LMISI>S L>M
I>S L
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ISIS2E2
Y2Y0Y1r2r0r1E2E1E0OrY3.16 LMIS0IS1IS2
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LMLM2E2 YY1Y0Y2r2r0r1E2E1E0Or3.17 LM0ISLM2LM1
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ADAS
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ADAS Aggregate DemandADADCIGXM PYYfP PYPY
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ISLM
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aggregate supplyAS YAf(NK)
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Yf(N)
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WW/PWW/P ABP1P2W0/P2W0/P1OPW/P4.4 W1W2W0
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NdNdW/PW/P NsNsW/PW/P
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4.6N0Y0
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PWW/P4.7LAS
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LAS
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LASSAS SAS.
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ADAS
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PeP1
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ADAD0AD1P0Y1AD1E2E1E0E2E1
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E0E1AD
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E0ADADAD0AD1E1Y1Y2P0
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ADAD0AD1ASE1Y1P1Y0Y1P0P1ADAD0AD2ASE2Y2P2
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ADSAS0LASE0SAS0SAS1E1SAS0E0YfP0
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AD1E2YfP2
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ADAS
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P1Y1P2Y2
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Y0Y1Y0Y2
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Y0SASSAS0SAS1Y0Y1Y0Y2
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Fiscal Policy90%
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built-in stabilizers
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----------
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b 1/1b 1/1b50004500500
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5.1
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Budget BalanceBalanced BudgetDeficit Financed
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2060C
B
t(%)OT5.2 A
CAB
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rd
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re(Excess Reserve Ratio)
-
20
A1000200800(C)B800160640(D)C640128512(E)D512102.4409.6(F)E1000400010004000
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Deposit Expansion Multiplier KD
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KDc rcrcC/D
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(Monetary Base)(High Powered Money) BCRdRe MCD
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()LMIS
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LMISIS
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ISLMLM
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ISLMISLM ()LMISLMIS
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100%()
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823200825128%
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GDP
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1()
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2
-
21(CPI)2PPI
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3
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100% 10% 10%~100%
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PE4E2E1AD1AD2AD3AD4E3P4P3P2P1ASY
OY1Y2Yf
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2070
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4
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12
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(Business Cycle) business
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(Prosperity)(Depression)(Crisis)(Recovery)
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19
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(W.S.Jevons)1875
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(Acceleration Principle)
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()()()
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:
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40~60 60~70 80(P.Romer)
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1 234
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S=s YI=VYI=SGYY V4(14)s0.2(20)G
G0.240.055
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() sdVt
sV
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() GtGw Gt Gw Gt = Gw GwGn
-
GwGnGwGnGwGnGwGn
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I/IY/YYYs
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I/IY/YYYs
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:Sy = (n+d) k , ( k =0):YY=NN=KK=n0y ky = f(k)Sy(n+d)
kABkyk0CD
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0ykf(k)sy(n+d)kbkysyckayef
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, 0ykf(k)sy(n+d)kk(n+d)kkyy
AB
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,f (k) = ny0ky=f(k)nkkk1k2aammcck(d=0)
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Balance of PaymentsBalance of Payments Statement
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123
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()
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,12008422100699.122009422100683.06
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1 11.60011.620
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.
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100010.81/0.81.25/33.75
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ePPf 1.25/Pf1P0.81.25/0.811/1
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12
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(Balance of International PaymentBP)
- NKr BP>0BP
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BPBPBPBPrYO
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BPBPBP PBPBP
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BPBPY1Y2r1r2
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BPBPBP YOrr0=rwBPBP
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1
-
2
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J
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2050 ()
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M/Pf(Ywrmrbre1/PdP/dtu)
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2070(E.lucas)(J.Muth)(J.Taylor) ()
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1 2 34
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1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 5
