Capítulo 13 Reingeniería de Procesos

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    GFICIK Cgktros Guropgos fg Ghprgses Ikkovefores fg ae Cohukifef^eagkcieke (CGGI C^)

    FIRGCCIK Cgktros Guropgos fg Ghprgses Ikkovefores fg ae Cohukifef^eagkcieke (CGGI C^)

    Gk ae gaeborecik fg gstg focuhgkto e perticipefo ae ghprgseNORIKVGC! Sgrvicios Lgkgreags fg Norhecik Coksuatore! S+A+

    2440 FG GSVE GFICIK Cgktro Guropgo fg Ghprgses Ikkovefores fg ^eagkcie (CGGI ^eagkcie)

    Evfe+ Bgkehk Nrekaik! 52+ Terc Vgckoalic6>904 Tetgrke (^eagkcie)

    FISGO Fgbesg Gstufio Lrco

    HEUWGVECIK Kgto gstufio crgetivo! S+A+

    FGRGC@OS RGSGR^EFOS Uugfe rilurosehgktg proibifo! sglk eutoriecik gscrite fg aos tituaergsfg Coprilt! beo uke sekcik gstebagcife por Ag! ae rgprofuccik toteao perciea fg gste obre por cueaquigr hgfio o procgfihigkto! ikcauifesae rgprolrene o tretehigkto iknorhtico ae fistribucik fg gghpaergshgfiektg prsteho pbaico+

    Gstg Hekuea sg e gfitefo lrecies ea epoo prgstefo por ga IHTI^E(Ikstituto fg ae Hgfieke Tgquge Ikfustrie fg ae Lgkgreaitet eagkcieke)e trevs fga Cokvgkio sikluaer fg coaeborecik pere ga fgserroaao fgaTrolrehe fg Esistgkcie ea Ghprgkfgfor+

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    Rgiklgkigr

    efg

    procgsos

    +rgfcggi+coh+ghprgkghukts+gs

    53Hekuea

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    IkficgI k f i c g

    5 IKVROFWCCIK

    5+5 TAEKINICECIK FG AES ECCIOKGS

    5+5+5 IFGKVINICECIK FG AOS TROCGSOS ECVWEAGS FG AE

    GHTRGSE

    E) IFGKVINICECIK

    B) TRIORIzECIK

    5+5+2 EKAISIS FGA EACEKCG+ LREFO FG NORHEAIzECIK+

    RGSTOKSEBAGS

    E) NIC`E FG EKAISIS FG WK TROCGSO

    5+5+3 EKAISIS FGA TROCGSO+ IKVGRECCIK GKVRG TROCGSOS

    FG AE GHTRGSE

    E) GAEBORECIK FG WK FIELREHE FG NAWjO

    B) HGFICIK FGA TROCGSO (IKFICEFORGS)

    5+5+6 GRREHIGKVES FG EKAISIS TERE AE HGjORE

    E) CICAO FG FGHIKL

    B) FIELREHE FG TERGVO

    C) LRNICO FG NRGCWGKCIES RGAEVI ES

    F) BREIKSVORHIKL (VORHGKVE FG IFGES)

    G) FIELREHE CEWSEGNGCVO (IS`ImEwE)

    5+5+7 FISGO FGA TROCGSO IFGEA: FGSCRITCIK!

    COHTERECIK COK GA TROCGSO ECVWEA! y G^EAWECIK FGAES FINGRGKCIES

    E) GAIHIKECIK FG FGS^IECIOKGS

    B) GAIHIKECIK FG TESOS IKKGCGSERIOS

    C) RGFWCCIK FG AE ^ERIEBIAIFEF

    F) EVEUWG FG AOS CWGAAOS FG BOVGAAE

    G) FGNIKICIK FG IKFICEFORGS CAE^G FG AOS TROCGSOS

    N) TAEKINICECIK FG AE HGjORE COKVIKWE

    5+2 IHTAEKVECIK FGA KWG^O TROCGSO

    5+3 COKVROA FGA RGSWAVEFO OBVGKIFO

    5+6 ECVWECIK GK CESO FG FGS^IECIK

    9>+54

    Taglefo hea etefo 993+>44

    Vrehes fobags 0544

    Vupifes

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    ivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuc

    f profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivife

    fuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef proRGIKLGKIGRE FG TROCGSOS

    25

    Sg rgeaize uke orfgkecik fg aos fgngctos fgsfg ga qug heyor ikcifgkcie tigkg `este ga fg hgkor! y sg ceacuae ga '

    qug supokgk sobrg ga totea fg fgngctos+ Cok gse iknorhecik sg cokstruyg ae siluigktg lrce:

    i 3: fieLrehe fg Tergto

    c) Lrco fg nrgcugkcies rgaetives

    Vehbik aaehefo `istolrehe fg nrgcugkcies rgaetives! gs uke grrehigkte fg ekaisis fg iknorhecik+

    Coksistg gk rgeaizer uk lrco fg berres gk ga qug sg rgprgsgkte ae cektifef fg vgcgs qug epergcg uke ikcifgkcie!

    sik cokter ae ihportekcie+

    Tor gjghpao! si sg gstuvigsg gstufiekfo ga procgso fg tggfure ektgs gxpugsto! sg ikficere ae cektifef fg vgcgsqug epergcg cefe fgngcto sobrg ga tgifo (fgspikefos! rotures! kufos! iaos hea pesefos! gtc+) sik coktebiaier si sgtrete fg uk fgngcto puktuea (kufos) o si ceuse verios hgtros fg fgspgrficio (iao hea pesefo)+

    0+444+444

    +444+444

    7+444+444

    6+444+444

    3+444+444

    2+444+444

    5+444+444

    Khgrofgpesefes

    gktrefes

    cerrgre

    `iaoheapesefo

    fgspikzefos

    gsce`o

    beluites

    fgsnbrefos

    `iaocoktehikefo

    gscec`o/cerrgre

    `iaoheagstefo

    neaaohequike

    treheoje

    neaaourfihbrg

    urfihbrgfgsnbrefe

    cohps

    paglefoheaetefo

    2`iaosfobags

    trehesfobags

    tupifes

    `iaofgngctuoso

    kufos

    trehehea

    544'

    ' ecuhuaefo

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    ctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profu

    fef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivi

    ofuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef pr

    22

    Ga obgtivo gs gstufier ae neciaifef cok ae qug epergcg uk fgngcto! sik vgr si gs hs o hgkos lrevg+ Coho pugfg vgrsggk ga gghpao! gs uk fielrehe cohpagtehgktg fingrgktg fga fg Tergto eukqug gst gstufiekfo ga hisho procgso:

    i 6: `istoLrehe fg nrgcugkcies rgaetives

    Gk ga ceso pugsto coho gghpao! ga `istolrehe fg nrgcugkcies rgaetives sg utiaiere pere hgorer ga hektgkihigktofg ae hequikerie! ae ikstruccik fga pgrsokea gkcerlefo fga eustg fg aos tgaergs fg aos opgrerios qug aos eaihgktek

    fg iao! higktres qug ga Fielrehe fg Tergto sg utiaiere pere ae hgore fga coktroa fg ceaifef ga cacuao gcokhicofg aes posibags hgores fga procgso+

    f) Breikstorhikl (torhgkte fg ifges)

    Sg trete fg uke tckice fg lrupo qug pgrhitg ae obtgkcik fg uke lrek cektifef fg ifges sobrg fgtgrhikefo tghe fggstufio+ Gst gknocefe pere nevorgcgr ae perticipecik fga lrupo+

    Aes nesgs sok aes siluigktgs:

    5+ Fgkicik fga gkukciefo fga tghe objgto fg ae torhgkte fg ifges+

    24

    50

    5>

    56

    52

    54

    0

    >

    6

    2

    neaaohquike

    gscec`o

    cerrgre

    fgspikzefos

    roturetrehe

    gktrefes

    treheoje

    trehecoktehikefe

    `iaocoktehikefo

    neaaourfihbrg

    tupifes

    cohps

    `iaoheapesefo

    beluites

    fgsnbrefos

    gscec`o/cerrgre

    borroaaokgs

    neaaotrehe

    picefites

    reyestrehes

    trehefgngctuose

    trehehea

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    ivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuc

    f profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivife

    fuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef proRGIKLGKIGRE FG TROCGSOS

    23

    2+ Gagccik fg uk coorfikefor fg ae sgsik fga lrupofg trebeo+ Sg rgcohigkfe qug sgek cokocgforgs fgaesukto qug su procgfgkcie sge veriefe (cerlo! gspgcieaifef! gtc+)+

    3+ Ga coorfikefor toher kote sobrg uke pierre fg aesifges qug veek propokikfosg+ Aes korhes pere aesgsik sok:

    Gk ae sgsik ko `ey jgrerques: ae opikik fg tofos

    tigkg ga hisho veaor+

    Ko sg pgrhitg criticer aes ifges+

    S qug sg pgrhitg colgr ifges fg otros y treksnorheraes! ukiraes! gtc+

    Furektg ae sgsik torhgkte fg ifges soao sg gkukciek aes propugstes! ga ekaisis gs postgrior+

    6+ Aes ifges obtgkifes gk ae torhgkte sg focuhgktekpere su postgrior ekaisis+ Furektg ga ekaisis! e cerlo

    fga hisho gquipo! gs cuekfo sg pgrhitg ae crtice fg aesifges! su elrupecik o fgscertg+

    g) Fielrehe CeuseGngcto (Is`imewe)

    Ga Fielrehe CeuseGngcto gs uk sistghe fg ekaisis fgae iknorhecik+ Sg trete fg uke rgprgsgktecik lrce fg

    aes hatipags ceuses qug pugfgk lgkgrer uk gngcto! perees pofgr rgeaier su ekaisis+

    Su rgprgsgktecik coksistg gk rgeaier uk trokco qugfgsghboce gk ga gngcto secer fg a rehes prikcipeags

    cok aes nehiaies fg ceuses qug pofrek aagler e lgkgrergsg gngcto! sik gktrer e veaorerao tofeve+

    Cefe uke fg aes rehes fg aes ceuses sg ve e fivifir gkrehes sgcukferies fg subceuses hs fgteaaefes+

    Wke vgz rgeaizefo ga lrco sg pese e ae nesg fg ekaisis!

    qug coksistg gk gveauer si gs posibag ae rgaecik ceusegngcto+ Cok aes cokcausiokgs obtgkifes sg rgeaiek iptgsis pere su cohprobecik prctice+

    i 7: gjghTao fg fieLrehe ceuse(gngcto

    Ecgitg gk eirg Cortocircuito

    Neate kivgafg ecgitg

    Fgtgctorfeefo

    Neate prgsikVohe fg tigrre

    iksucigktg

    Niatro sucio

    Aetiluiaao rotoCebagefofeefo

    `uhgfefgk eirg

    Sobrgtgksik

    Rgsifuos gkga ecgitg

    Grror fgprolrehe

    Aetiluiaao

    fgtgriorefo

    Eutohticosiknrefihgksiokefos

    Bohbefgtgriorefe

    Iktgrngrgkciesgactrices

    gactrico

    gagctrkico

    neaao fghUuike

    kguhtico

    `ifruaico

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    ctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profu

    fef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivi

    ofuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef pr

    26

    5+5+7 fisgo fga Trocgso ifgea: fgscriT(cik! cohTerecik cok ga Trocgso ectuea!y gveauecik fg aes fingrgkcies

    Cok aes grrehigktes ektgs fgscrites! sg pugfg procgfgr e rgeaier ekaisis fg aos procgsos gxistgktgs+ Ecoktikuecik sg fgscribgk ealukos fg aos prikcipios fghgore qug pugfgk utiaiersg:

    e) Gaihikecik fg fgsvieciokgs

    Gk hatipags ocesiokgs! ga gco fg voavgr e gxehiker

    uk procgso tighpo fgspus fg ebgrao ihpaektefo! ecgqug sg fgtgctgk fgsvieciokgs qug pugfgk subsekersg+Aes reokgs su epericik sok:

    Fingrgkcies gktrg ga fisgo tgrico y ae rgeaifef! fg

    norhe qug ea ihpaekter aos fisgos sg rgeaiek iktgrprgteciokgs fistiktes+

    Si ko sg pufo rgeaizer uke prugbe piaoto sucigktghgktg ehpaie! fgspus fg tgkgr ga procgso nukciokekfo uk cigrto tighpo! sg pugfgk aagler kugvescokcausiokgs+

    Furektg ga uso fga procgso aes pgrsokes ihpaicefes

    pugfgk rgeaier pgquges verieciokgs (qug gk hucos cesos hgorerk ga nukciokehigkto orilikea)+

    Gk ga ceso fg qug sgr obsgrvgk hoficeciokgs ea procgso qug ihpaiqugk uke hgore sg fgbgrk gstufier! sisok positives! ocieaizer ae kugve norhe fg trebejer+

    Tugfg utiaiersg ga siluigktg cugstiokerio pere aegveauecik fg aes fgsvieciokgs paektger ecciokgs fgrgiklgkigre:

    gveauecik fg ae fgsviecik fg aos Trocgsos s/kVigkg rgeaizefe uke c`e fg procgso ikcauygkfo su fielrehe fg ujo corrgspokfigktg?

    `e esilkefo rgspoksebags e cefe uko fg aos pesos focuhgktefos?

    Aos rgspoksebags fg cefe ectivifef ek sifo iknorhefos fg sus obaileciokgs?

    Aos pesos fga procgso cok cogrgktgs cok aos utiaiefos gk otros procgsos qug sg rgaeciokek cok a?

    Gstk caeros aos ikputs fga procgso sus rgspoksebags?

    Gstk caeros aos outputs fga procgso sus fgstiketerios?

    Ga procgso focuhgktefo gs ga hisho o prgsgkte fivgrlgkcies cok:

    Ga sistghe fg ceaifef fg ae ghprgse?

    Aes ikstrucciokgs fg trebejo! `ojes fg procgsos y fghs focuhgktecik?

    Aos utiaizefos gk aos prototipos gkseyefos?

    f 3: gveauecik fg ae fgsviecik fg aos Trocgsos

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    ivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuc

    f profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivife

    fuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef proRGIKLGKIGRE FG TROCGSOS

    27

    b) Gaihikecik fg pesos ikkgcgserios

    Ea iluea qug ocurrg cok aes fgsvieciokgs sobrg ga procgso ikiciea! sg pugfgk fgtgcter pesos ikkgcgserios qugpugfgk sgr gaihikefos+ Aes reokgs pere gaihiker ukeectivifef pugfgk sgr gktrg otres:

    Tosibiaifef fg subcoktreterae ectivifef+

    Iknorhetizecik fg aos procgsos! fg norhe qug sokikkgcgseries hatipags iktrofucciokgs fg aos hishos fetos (eate fg hetgrieags gk eaheck! coktebi

    aizecik fg ae necture! hoficecik fg aos paekkiklsfg rgcgpcik! gtc+)+

    Eutohetizecik+

    Gaihikeciokgs fg coktroags fg ceaifef por uso fgeutocoktroa furektg ae nebricecik o porqug sg tigkgheyor cokekze gk ga procgso+

    Gaihikecik fg ectivifefgs por cergcgr fg veaorpere aos caigktgs+

    Gveag cok ga siluigktg cugstiokerio ae gxistgkcie fgpesos ikkgcgserios gk ga procgso pere fgspus pofgrihpaekter ecciokgs:

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    ctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profu

    fef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivi

    ofuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef pr

    2>

    gveauecik fg ae gPistgkcie fg Tesos ikkgcgserios s/k

    Cua fg aes ectivifefgs fga procgso ko norhe pertg fga kcago fg kglocio fg ae ghprgse? Gs posibagsubcoktreter ealuke fg gaaes?

    Sohos ao sucigktghgktg gcigktgs gk cefe ectivifef o gxistgk ghprgses gk ga hgrcefo gspgcieaistes

    qug pugfgk onrgcgr prgcios hs cohpgtitivos?

    Vgkghos gsteciokeaifef? Gs posibag subcoktreter tofo o pertg fg ealuke fg aes ectivifefgs pere cubriraes tghporefes eates?

    Ga ujo fg iknorhecik! bigkgs y sgrvicios gktrg caigktg y provggfor gs ao hs firgcto posibag o `ey pesos

    iktgrhgfios soao pere coktroa?

    Ae iknorhecik qug kgcgsitehos e sifo e utiaiefe por otro fgpertehgkto o por kosotros hishos?Gst iknorhetiefe gse iknorhecik pere gviter ga fobag trebeo?

    Ae iknorhecik qug utiaiehos ve e sgr kgcgserie gk ga nuturo por kosotros u otro fgpertehgkto?Gstiknorhetiefe pere gviter ga fobag trebeo?

    Hekgehos lrek cektifef fg iknorhecik gscrite? Gs posibag utiaier uke besg fg fetos gk su auler?

    Sobrg aos procgsos hekueags qug sg rgeaiek pugfgk eutohetiersg?

    Cokocg ga gstefo ectuea fg ae tgckoaole pere eutohetier procgsos ectueags?

    `e gveauefo ga costg fg ae heko fg obre fg aos procgsos?

    E cukto escigkfg ga prgcio / ` fg ae heko fg obre?

    Gk cuektos hgsgs sg ehortizere uke ikvgrsik gk eutohetizecik?

    Rgeaie coktroags fg ceaifef gk sus procgsos?

    `e gveauefo ae cepecifef fga procgso pere utiaier coktroags gstefsticos gk vg fg coktroags fgceaifef?

    Wtiaiek ga eutocoktroa (ae pgrsoke qug rgeaie ae opgrecik rgeaie tehbik ga coktroa)? Si ko ao utiaiekpor qu?

    Vofes cefe uke fg aes opgreciokgs eefg veaor ea profucto? (Gs rgqugrifo por ga caigktg o ao eefihospor otros hotivos: ghbeaer fgsghbeaer! rgcoktroags! ikvgkterios! gtc+)

    f 6: gveauecik fg Tesos ikkgcgserios

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    ivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuc

    f profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivife

    fuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef proRGIKLGKIGRE FG TROCGSOS

    2: gveauecik fg ae Lgstik fg cugaaos fg botgaae

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    ivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuc

    f profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivife

    fuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef profuctivifef proRGIKLGKIGRE FG TROCGSOS

    29

    Vehbik gs rgcohgkfebag hektgkgr uk aistefo cokae toteaifef fg aes hgores propugstes g ihpaektefes su veaorecik gcokhice: ikvgrsiokgs rgtorkosgcokhicos+

    5+2 ihTaektecik fga kugvo TrocgsoWke vg qug ga procgso fg gstufio fga procgso e sifokeaizefo! sg aagle e ae gtepe fg su ihpaektecik+

    Gs rgcohgkfebag qug sg prgviehgktg sg rgeaicgk aesprugbes piaoto o sihuaeciokgs qug sg e posibag perecokrher aes `iptgsis rgeaizefes+

    5+3 coktroa fga rgsuatefo obtgkifoAe rgiklgkigre fg procgsos ko tgrhike cok ae ihpaektecikfg uk kugvo procgso! siko qug fgspus gs kgcgseriorgeaier uk coktroa fg aos rgsuatefos obtgkifos+

    Gk gste pertg rgsuate gspgcieahgktg tia ga trebeo

    rgeaizefo gk 5+5+7 g) Fgkicik fg ikficeforgs caevg fg

    aos procgsos! pere cohprober cukto e hgorefo gaprocgso rgnorhefo rgspgcto fga orilikea+

    Vehbik rgsuate cokvgkigktg rgpeser si sg ek cuhpaifoaes iptgsis qug orilikeahgktg sg rgeaierok+

    5+6 ectuecik gk ceso fg fgsviecik

    Gk ga ceso fg qug ee uke fgsviecik gktrg aosrgsuatefos gspgrefos aos obtgkifos! gs kgcgseriorgeaier aes ectueciokgs kgcgseries sobrg ga procgsopere qug aaglug e eaceker aos obgtivos prgvistosikicieahgktg+

    Khgrohgore:

    Sgccik/Trocgso: Ngce:

    Fgscripcik fg ae hgore:

    Bgkgcios gspgrefos:

    (Gk tighpo! ceaifef! coksuhos u otros! pgro sighprg trefucifos e Guros)

    Ikvgrsiokgs/lestos kgcgserios:

    Rgtorko fg ae ikvgrsik:(Vighpo kgcgserio pere rgcupgrer ga fikgro ikvgrtifo)

    Nirhe Rgspoksebag: ^B Firgctor

    f

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