Chiến lược đào tạo và phát triển nguồn nhân lực tại công ty TNHH BMG Việt Nam_cafebook

7/30/2019 Chin lc o to v pht trin ngun nhn lc ti cng ty TNHH BMG Vit Nam_cafebook

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2/72

Xzk` n Fl Mnkf X Wyl Hk Lfy~k xx k`fnr

K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

:+ Xfl xzk` rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:>


3/72



:+ Wy~ o a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lk kf+ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++92


4/72



EN LO K

Io vnk lfk xfkf lo k | kfnx xkf `nr lg 4 Xf|+K`y~k xf

Rfk` Xfy s gkf k` K`l Xfn `nr io xo fny s fak xfkf

ja la k~+

S xfn `ngk l fk% mnk xfl lk fk lf xzak` wy xzkf xo xn eny%

snx ja la mfk` xzkf mfn kfk` xfny |x+ Io vnk mkf oak` ll xf~ l

`na s ll l lf rfk` mnkf hagkf sk rfk` n hnk Onk Jl `r

io fak xfkf ja la k`~ lk` xx fk+

Io vnk lfk xfkf lo k

F kn k`~ 78!:!:22>

\nkf snk

K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn


5/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn 7 Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

EN O Y

Xzak` jx l x lfl% hagkf k`fnr fg~ ll fax k` |k vyx mnkf

hagkf% fax k` mnkf x / v fn ka xf ~y x lak k`n eyk e ~y x wygk

xzk` kfx% s s xz fk` y xzak` | rfx xznk s xk xn+ ny k~ lk`

k` xzak` ox x lfl kn lfyk` s xzak` ox lk` x~ kn znk`+ Ox lk`

x~ lfa h l k`yk xn lfkf hn ha% rfak` rf% | hk` m xfyx lk` k`f

xnk xnk% fnk n kf xf ka n kg lk` sk mfk` xf xk xn s rfx xznk

l% ky kf f mfk` wygk xo fal kf `n xfr sk lak k`n fal

ha lk` xl wyk xz kfk | lg lk` x~ mo fny wy+

Xzak` kk mnkf x xf xzk` fnk kg~% jx m ox x lfl% ox hagkf

k`fnr ka y l kfk` lfnk el lg okf+ lfnk el l xf xfl

fnk l n fn rfn l | ekf a xfk` kfx lg j o~ wyk e hagkf

k`fnr kfo m faglf fa% x lfl j o~ wyk e hagkf k`fnr e ox kn

hyk` y xnk s zx wygk xzk` lg x lfl hagkf k`fnr% `nr hagkf k`fnr

x l ol xny lg okf+

E ha lfk xnK`yk kfk el mfk` x kfnk hn ha% mfk` x kfnk r k` l

kfy ly lg mfag fl m xfyx o k`yk kfk el lk l xzn wyg a xa

s rfx xznk+ Ll Hagkf k`fnr lk a s rfx xznk e s4 n sn kfk`

k`n ega k` on l xy~k hk` snl a xa | `nr lfa f l l |

xflf k` lk` snl k`g~ x y mfn sa Hagkf k`fnr% lk n sn kfk` ega

k` ekf k`f xf snl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el `nr lfa f l

mf kk` rfx fy~ fx kk` el lg jk xfk% `nr f x fak xfnk okf%

`nr lfa k`n ega k` l mf kk` xflf k` sn lk` snl fk+Xf xzk`

eyk eyk jnk k`% mfag fl lk` k`f rfx xznk mfk` k`k`% k`yk ega

k` eyk eyk n on+ Ky mfk` l lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk


6/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn : Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

ega k` lyg lk` x~ ox llf xflf fr xf hagkf k`fnr mf l xf lkf

xzgkf l sn xf xzk` xzak` kl lk` kf kl kàn+

Lfkf s s~ xn lfk xn4 *Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`ykkfk el xn lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo*

Mfk` xf rf kfk ll lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

lg lk` x~ Og|gk kn znk` s lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo kn lfyk`

`r rfk mfk` kf k snl xk` xzk` s rfx xznk lg lk` x~% mfk`

kf xfk` fny lfnk|y caah+ Xfia xn xo fny xf l zx kfny ~y x jk

xzak` lk` kf jk kàn xl k` k k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~+ ny k~

`~ zg zx kfny mf mfk lk` kf xflf xfl n sn lk` x~ XKFF JO@Snx Kgo+ xn x zg e rfk xlf s rfx fnk kfk` kfk x +

F~ sk` xn k~ | g l ox jk lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk

k`yk kfk el lk` sn `nn rfr mf xfn l xf k` hk` sa wy xzkf wyk

e s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo+

Xzak` lfy~k xfl xr k~ kàn rfk o y s mx eyk% xn eny

xfgo mfa% lfy~k lfng eo < lfk`4

Lfk` 7+ L | e xfy~x s lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk

k`yk kfk el

Lfk` :+ Xfl xzk` lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk

el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

Lfk`


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn < Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

Lfk` 7+ L | e xfy~x s lfnk el a xa

s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

N+ Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el xzak` hagkf k`fnr

On ox hagkf k`fnr xk xn s rfx xznk lk l | mx fr `ng ll

k`yk el% x k`yk el s xn lfkf k k`yk el s lak k`n% x | rfx

fy~ kn el k k` hk` k`an el ox llf fny wy kfx+ Xf okf lg

on k`yk el e xf okf lg hagkf k`fnr xzk xfk` xzk`+ Xzak` kk

mnkf x m falf fg xr xzyk` xf okf lg k`yk el xn lfkf wy~x kf

ek kfx k | xk xn s rfx xznk lg hagkf k`fnr+ Kfk` xzak` kk mnkf

x xf xzk` fnk kg~% xf k`yk kfk el k` sgn xz zx wygk xzk`% k

wy~x kf xn lfx ek` mnkf hagkf lg hagkf k`fnr+ Hagkf k`fnr hy~ xz

s rfx xznk xx rf xfyl ek sa xzkf s mf kk` lg k`yk kfk el

xzak` lk` x~+ K`yk kfk el mfk` x kfnk hn ha% mfk` x kfnk r

k` l kfy ly lg hagkf k`fnr o hagkf k`fnr lk l lfnk el a

xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el znk`% |ga lfa rf fr sn lfnk el mnkf

hagkf lg on hagkf k`fnr+

7+ Mfn kno s lfnk el

Xfyx k` lfnk el l k`yk `l x xnk` F~ Er sn fgn x |xzgxa|

&wyk n% j~% ak. s g`a| &ekf a% ny mfnk.+ Xfk` xfk` k`n

xg fny lfnk el e mfag fl s k`f xfyx lf fy~ wyk |% l k` hk`

er m falf xk` xf s xnk fkf lfnk hlf l wy~ o ek+

X xfr m 32 &xf m VV. lfnk el l k` hk` sa ekf sl mnkfhagkf s xfyx k` lfnk el mnkf hagkf zg n + Xy~ kfnk% wygk kno s

lfnk el mnkf hagkf lk` l rfx xznk hk xfia xfn `ngk s k`n xg

lk` xnr lk k xfia kfny llf mfl kfgy+


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Xfia llf xnr lk xzy~k xfk`% lfnk el mnkf hagkf e snl vl kf

kfk` ol xny l jk hn fk lg hagkf k`fnr s xfl fnk lfk` xzkf

fkf k` lk` sn snl rfk j ll k`yk el lk xfnx x l kfk`ol xny ~+

Kf mnkf x fl lg xzk` n fl mnkf hagkf Fgzsgzh & O .% ox

xzak` kfk` jl xf~ s lfnk el mnkf hagkf e Onlfgle I+ Razxiz7 lfa

zk`4 Lfnk el k` y sn lkf xzgkf%e | mx fr `ng kfk` ol

xny lk x xn s kfk` rfk` xnk o hagkf k`fnr lk xo s xfl fnk

ol xny+

H xnr lk xfia llf ka xf jk lfx lg lfnk el mnkf hagkf sk erfl xfa fkf kf xk` egn lg hagkf k`fnr xzak` mfy sl fax k` s

mf kk` mfgn xfl+ Lfnk el mnkf hagkf vl kf ll ol xny hn fk %

ll lfkf |lf lk` kf ll `nn rfr lk xfnx xfl fnk ll ol xny

vl kf+

:+ Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

/ a xa s rfx xznk e ll fax k` hy~ xz s kk` lga lfx

ek` k`yk kfk el lg x lfl% e ny mnk wy~x kf ll x lfl l

xf k` sk` s xfk` en xzak` on xzk` lkf xzgkf+ Ha % xzak` ll x

lfl% lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk lk rfn l xfl fnk ox llf l x

lfl s l m falf+

/ Kfk el l fny e xak j ll mf kk` s xf el s xz el lg

lak k`n l sk hk` zg xzak` wy xzkf ega k` |k vyx+ K lk` l

vio e |l ega k` lg lak k`n Q ox k`yk el wy `n kfx xzak` ll~y x lg |k vyx lg ll hagkf k`fnr+ Kfk el lg hagkf k`fnr jga

`o xx l kfk` k`n ega k` eo snl xzak` hagkf k`fnr+

/ Rfx xznk k`yk kfk el xfia &k`fg zk`. e xk` xf ll fax k`

fl xr l x lfl jn hagkf k`fnr% ha Hagkf k`fnr lyk` lr lfa k`n


9/72



ega k`+ Ll fax k` l xf l lyk` lr xzak` sn `n% sn k`~ fal

xfo lf xn sn ko% xy sa ol xny fl xr= s kfo xa zg | xfg~ n

fkf sn k`f k`fnr lfa k`n ega k` xfia fk` n ek% xl e kfo kk`lga mf kk` s xzkf k`f k`fnr lg f+ Kf s~% vx s kn hyk`% rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el jga `o jg ean fax k` e4 a xa% `na hl% s rfx

xznk

/ a xa k`yk kfk el &fg~ lk `n e a xa m kk`.4 l fny e

ll fax k` fl xr kfo `nr lfa k`n ega k` l xf xfl fnk l fny

wy fk lfl kk`% kfno s lg okf+ lfkf e wy xzkf fl xr eo

lfa k`n ega k` ko sk` fk s lk` snl lg okf% e kfk` fax k`fl xr kk` lga xzkf % m kk` lg k`n ega k` xfl fnk kfno

s ega k` l fny wy fk+


10/72



K`yk kfk el l sgn xz zx wygk xzk` n sn | fk` xfkf lg lk`

x~+ Ha lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el l sgn xz zx ek n

sn ll hagkf k`fnr% l jnx e ll xr ak mnkf x ek+/ Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el e ox j rfk mfk`

xf xfny xzak` fax k` wyk e lg ll hagkf k`fnr

/ Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lfa rfr ll hagkf

k`fnr xa en xf lkf xzgkf% o xzak` xfn m mnkf x xf xzk` y x sa

k`yk kfk el e y x mfk k`agk kfx+

/ Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lfa rfr ll hagkf

k`fnr xfl fnk ol xny% lfnk el mnkf hagkf ox llf h hk` fk+

NN+ Wy~ xzkf v~ hk` lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

lfa hagkf k`fnr

Lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el kfo o ja | hk`

l fny wy kfx k`yk kfk el fnk l s mfgn xfl xx kfx k`yk kfk el

xzk xf xzk` ega k`% o ja ny mnk kfk el lk xfnx lfa snl fak

xfkf ll ol xny lfnk el xk` wyx lg ox xfn m lfnk el vl kf+7+ Rfk xlf `n xz s a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el e lk` snl wygk xzk` o ll x

lfl lk rfn xnk fkf kfo | hk` xn g k`yk kfk el fnk l s kk`

lga xkf fny wy lg x lfl xfk` wyg snl kk` lga m kk` lg k`n ega

k`% eo lfa k`n ega k` kk` el lk xfnx xfl fnk lk` snl

7+7+ \ lk xfnx rfn a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

/ a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el kfo r k` ~y ly lk` snl

lg x lfl fg~ kn llf mfl e r k` ly xk xn s rfx xznk lg x

lfl+Xfx s~ % xzak` | jnk k` okf o kk mnkf x xzn xfl xf snl k`~

lk` kk` lga lfx ek` lg k`yk kfk el e lk xfnx + Lk` snl snl lg


11/72



on x lfl k`~ lk` k` hk` okf o lg mfag fl m xfyx l jnx e

lk` k`f nk x s sn nk x fnk kg~+ Ll xfk` xnk l xzy~k xn xzk

ll ok` nkxizkix v e xzk ll o~ xkf% xzk xf xzk` k`~ lk` l kfnyn xf lkf xzgkf% ll Hagkf k`fnr oyk xk xn s rfx xznk xf lk rfn

xk` lk` lk` l k`yk el lak k`n+

/ a xa s rfx xznk kfo r k` kfy ly fl xr s rfx xznk lg

k`n ega k`+ Xfx s~ % xzak` on lak k`n fy fx on k`n y l xkf

xfk` xnk% y oyk xfl fnk kfy ly X mfk` kf okf% x fak xfnk

okf+ Kfk` k`n l xfo knk k`f k`fnr xfk` xzl ~ lfg l

a xa k kn k lfk xf ~ e l fn lfa f j r en kfk` xfnx xfnmfk` l a xa+ Wy xzkf a xa | r k` kfy ly fl xr lg k`n

ega k`% lk kfk` k`n ega k` xz sg jl lfk sa lk` snl xf lk

a xa h hk` xflf k`fn sn lk` snl x fk+

/ a xa s rfx xznk e `nn rfr ogk` xkf lfnk el xa zg en xf

lkf xzgkf lg x lfl+ Sn l lf xf xzk` fnk kg~ e x ha lkf xzgkf%

xk xn xf ll x lfl lk rfn xa lfa okf ox xf okf k` sk` xzk

xf xzk` s k`~ lk` rfx xznk okf o fk+ a xa | `nr lfa f

kfgkf lfk` fg kfr sn lk` snl% sn lak k`n xzak` Hagkf k`fnr+

7+:+ Sgn xz lg a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el n sn rfx xznk xzak`

hagkf k`fnr

/ a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el e ny mnk xnk wy~x ox

x lfl xk xn s n ek jn s a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el `nr lfa

Hagkf k`fnr 4/ Kk` lga K\E % fny wy xfl fnk lk` snl s lfx ek` lg

xfl fnk lk` snl+ \a sn xzl mfn a xa s |gy mfn a xa xf lfx ek`

lg xfl fnk lk` snl xk` ek zx lga% K\E xk` ek k` m io en lfa

Hagkf k`fnr kfk` mx wy |k vyx mnkf hagkf k`~ lk` lga+


12/72



/ @no jx | `no |x lk` snl s k`n ega k` |gy a xa | l

mf kk` x `no |x okf xzak` lk` snl+ Xzak` wy xzkf xfl fnk lk`

snl % k`n ega k` lk l wygk xo k fkf k` s kfk` xfga xleo snl lg okf% rfn x okf `no |x okf eo snl+ Ky kf xzl a

xa xf k`an kfk` k`n ega k` xfl fnk lk` snl lg okf lk l j

rfk `no |x lk` snl lg f+ Kfk` |gy mfn l a xa lak k`n l

mf kk` x `no |x okf+

/ Kk` lga xkf k kf s kk` k` lg x lfl+ Ox x lfl l

lan e k kf k`an l xny lf |k vyx mnkf hagkf k kf% k kf xkf fkf

xn lfkf xf k`yk kfk el lk` e kfk x `r rfk k kf lg x lfl+K`yk ega k` lfx ek` lk` lga xf mf kk` xfl fnk lk` snl l fny

wy lgk` lga+ Mfn sn | xfg~ n okf lg xf xzk` l jnx e xf

xzk` mfag fl m xfyx xf x lfl h hk` fg kfr+

/ Hy~ xz s kk` lga lfx ek` lg k`yk kfk el+ a xa e fax

k` kfo kk` lga lfx ek` k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~+ Ox Lk` x~

oyk n k` ega k` lg okf l xzkf lfy~k ok k`~ lk` lga xf

lk rfn a xa xfk` vy~k +

/ Xa ny mnk lfa r hk` xnk j mfag fl m xfyx s wyk e sa

Hagkf k`fnr + Snl r hk` mfag fl m xfyx xnk xnk xzk xf `nn e ox

kfy ly mfk` xf xfny l sn on x lfl |k vyx mnkf hagkf+ Oyk r

hk` l mfag fl m xfyx xf ega k` xzak` Lk` x~ rfn x ox xzkf

kfx kf + Mfag fl m xfyx fnk n jga kfny xf snl k` hk` k lk`

mf mfk xflf xfl n fn lak k`n lk` l xzkf lga j~ kfny% wy

xzkf a xa s rfx xznk e ox xzak` kfk` kfk x wygk xzk` xa ny

mnk lfa r hk` mfag fl lk` k`f


13/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn > Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

7+


14/72



k xk` mf kk` xfgkf xak lfa ll kfy ly lg f+ Kfy ly lg xf xzk`

k`~ lk` lga+ Fgn e% mf kk` xk` |k ek` s ox fk` lg kfny hagkf

k`fnr eo xk` fny wy mnkf hagkf lg hagkf k`fnr+ Xa mf kk` xlfe~ sk kfny fk% xk` ly s y x o zk` mnkf hagkf eo lfa ly s

k`yk kfk el xk`+ Hagkf k`fnr | lf xzk` a xa s rfx xznk k`yk

kfk el kfny fk+ K`l en mfn kk mnkf x wyl hk zn sa xkf xzk` |y~

xfan% Hagkf k`fnr | xkf xzk` mf mfk% K`yk kfk el l xf j `no

jx% fal rfn rfx xznk kfk` m kk` lfa rf fr sn kk mnkf x+

kf fk` lg kfk x lfkf xz+

Snl jgk fkf f xfk` eyx rfr l lfx ek` s g sa n |k` eny mnk y xnk o ja on xzk` mnkf hagkf jkf k`% xa ny mnk

lfa on hagkf k`fnr l l fn lkf xzgkf ekf okf% l on wygk f k`

k% jkf k` `ng k`n |k vyx s k`n xny hk`% k`n ekf a s

kfk snk++Vy xf xak ly fg xf `nn% ja f lg kf kl hk kfk` lf

lfa xf xzk` lkf xzgkf x ha+ Ll hagkf k`fnr rfn lkf xzgkf sn kfk`

hagkf k`fnr kl k`an ha n fn xzkf n k` wyk e lk` kf

kfk snk rfn fl xr% xfg~ n mfk` k`k`+ Ha eg lfak lfnk el a

xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el fr e e s lk` wygk xzk` n sn on

hagkf k`fnr+

kf fk` lg ~y x m xfyx / lk` k`f+

M xfyx lk` k`f on xfl ~ fax k` mnkf hagkf lg hagkf

k`fnr rfx xznk xfia fk` xk` kfgkf xl % ma hn lfy m |k` lg |k

rfo+ Snl k` hk` l lfx ek` s fny wy lk` k`f xfk` xnk fnk n

sa ll ekf sl mnkf hagkf | kk` lga kfgkf lfk` mf kk` xnr lk

xfk` xnk xf xzk` eo xk` kk` |yx ega k` lg n k` wyk xz lk`

kf kfk snk

kf fk` lg ll kfk x sk fg v fn


15/72



Ll ~y x sk fg v fn kf rfak` xl xr wyk% vy fk` xny hk`

lg lak k`n% ega k`% |l mfi% xzkf hk xz% xk `na% xk k`k` ++l

kf fk` zx |y |l k l ly ly xf xzk` lk` kf on xzk` mnkfhagkf lg hagkf k`fnr+ K xl k` xzl xnr k snl fkf xfkf on

xzk` sk fg hagkf k`fnr% sk fg kfo lk` kf xfn l v% k` v

lg ll kf wyk xz% kfk snk xnr vl sn n xl mnkf hagkf lk` kf

mflf fk`++ Lfkf s s~ xzak` lfnk el xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk

el rfn l jnx wygk xo xn kf fk` lg kfk x sk fg+

7+8+:+ kf fk` lg on xzk` lkf xzgkf

r el lg kfk x lkf xzgkf n fn hagkf k`fnr rfn a xa s rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el r k` kfy ly lg xf xzk`+ Snl k`fnk ly on

xzk` lkf xzgkf lg hagkf k`fnr `nr hagkf k`fnr kfk zg l fn s

xflf xfl lg okf% x ny lfkf k`yk kfk el fr e sn lfkf | xfg~

n +

\ lkf xzgkf lg n xf xno k

n xf xno k e kfk` hagkf k`fnr fnk mfk` l xzak` k`kf

kfk` l mf kk` xfgo `ng sa fax k` mnkf hagkf lg k`kf + Xy~

hagkf k`fnr l | g lfyk` s |k rfo fk% l en xf s wy~ o+ Kfk`

xzak` xfn n lkf xzgkf k`~ kg~% | zg n lg |k rfo on% lkf xzgkf e

lkf xzgkf lk` k`f+lkf xzgkf s xzkf + Lfkf s~% hagkf k`fnr lk

lkf `nl | vyx fnk lg n xf lkf xzgkf xno k s x a xa s rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el r k` mr xfn kfy ly lg xf xzk`+

\l r lg mflf fk`Mflf fk` e k`n xa zg en kfyk% xa zg | xfk` en lg hagkf

k`fnr+ Mflf fk` l xf xa |l r sn hagkf k`fnr k ol ka lk x~

xfyl sa xf okf lg f+Xfia Onlfgie I+ Razxiz% kfk` ~y x xa kk xf

okf x rfg mflf fkf e4


16/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn 7: Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

/ Mfn k`kf lyk` lr `o kfny hagkf k`fnr kf%lk mflf fk` lf

e | x kfk` l wy~ o ek+

/ Mfn k`n oyg sn | ek` ek% f l xf | hk` |l oyg lg okfkf ox k j~ ~y ly l `no `n+

/ Mfn k`n oyg l xf eg lfk k x fk` `ng ll lk` x~ lyk` k`

lk` ox ean |k rfo+

Ha s~ mfy lfo |l mflf fk` eyk e mfy wygk xzak`% n fn kfk

snk jk fk`%kf hagkf k`fnr rfn kf~ jk% mr xfn rfk k` kfgkf sn

kfk` jnk k` xno kk` l xf l xf l lg mflf fk`

\y lkf xzgkf lg |k rfo xfg~ xf% \ lkf xzgkf `ng ll lk` x~gk` fax k` xzak` k`fkf% hagkf k`fnr rfn eyk xo fny | jnk k`

lg xf xzk`% ny lfkf ol xny a xa k`yk kfk el |ga lfa rf fr

sn kfk` lfnk el lkf xzgkf lg hagkf k`fnr+

7+8+


17/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn 7< Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

kfnk xf rfk lg hagkf k`fnr lk` xk` ek+ Xf rfk xk` lfk` x hagkf

k`fnr gk` n k` fk` s gk` l l fn rfx xznk+ E ny mnk lfa

hagkf k`fnr o zk` wy~ o% xy~k hk` xfo ega k`% lf n k`%lfo |l k`n ega k` l wygk xo+++

Fax k` ogzmixnk`

Ogzmixnk` e wy xzkf m falf fg s xfl fnk ll xk` enk wygk

k snl fkf xfkf% vl kf `n l% vl xnk rfk rfn fk` fg s hlf s

xa zg | xzga n kfo xfg ok ll ol xny lg on l kfk s x lfl+

Fax k` Ogzmixnk` xfk` xr lfyk` sa lfk` ean% | mfl jnx fg s

lfx ek` |k rfo% xf rfk% `n l% kno xnk lg mflf fk` n sn |krfo% lfn rf mnkf hagkf rfk rfn |k rfo% fny wy fax k` wyk` la

s vl xnk jk fk`+++

Ol xny lg ogzmixnk` e xfg ok ll kfy ly s oak` oyk lg

mflf fk` jk k`an s jk xzak` hagkf k`fnr+ Lfkf s~ a xa s rfx

xznk n k` ogzmixnk`% jk fk` e ~y x wygk xzk`% `r rfk xa kk en

xf lkf xzgkf lfa lk` x~+

K`yk kfk el

E el ek` ega k` |k` xa lg hagkf k`fnr% ogk` xkf lfx wy~x

kf k on fax k` lg hagkf k`fnr+ K`fnk ly k`yk ega k` lg

hagkf k`fnr k`an ol lf o ja | ek` s lfx ek` lg k`yk

kfk el lk xo fny kfk` ~y ly% n fn kk` lga xzkf lg xk` l

kfk lk` kf lf n k` lg lk` x~ l rf fr kfk snk lk` fnk

fx okf+ X l jnk rfr lfkf |g fal a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk

el rf fr sn xk` k`fkf k`f% xk` s xz lg on l kfk xzak` hagkf

k`fnr+

L ly x lfl lg hagkf k`fnr


18/72



L ly x lfl j o~ wyk xz e xk` fr ll j rfk mfl kfgy l

on enk f s wygk f rf xfyl ek kfgy% l lfy~k ok fg% l `nga

kfk` xzlf kfno s wy~k fk kfx kf s l j xz xfia xk` lr kfoxfl fnk ll lfl kk` wyk xz hagkf k`fnr+ Wyk xz hagkf k`fnr xl

k` okf o k fax k` ega k` |k` xa lg n k` ega k`% k |

o ja lk jk` `ng hagkf k`fnr sn on xzk` jk k`an lk` kf lk

n l fny wy ll j rfk jk xzak` hagkf k`nr

:+ Ll rfk` rfr a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

Xzak` lk` xl a xa k`yk kfk el% l zx kfny rfk` rfr a

xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el mfl kfgy ha s~ on Hagkf k`fnr lk

rfn ko sk` l y no s kfl no lg xk` rfk` rfr s xnk

xzkf xfl fnk k kfo xfl fnk lfk` xzkf k~ ox llf l fny wy+

a xa k`yk kfk el l xf xfl fnk on kn on el% xzk kfny

rfk` hnk mfl kfgy % snl sk hk` rfk` rfr ka xa k`yk kfk

el xzak` lk` x~ rf xfyl ek sa xk` Lk` x~ % sa l | f xk` m xfyx

rfl s lfa a xa% rf xfyl la xzkf ekf k`f lg k`n ega k`

:+7+ Ll rfk` rfr a xa

:+7+7+ a xa xfia mny lf hk

~ e rfk` rfr rf jnk hk` h~ ll m kk` xfl fnk lk`

snl lfa fy fx ll lk` kfk |k vyx s m l ox | lk` snl wyk e +

Wy xzkf a xa jx y jk` | `nn xfny s `nn xflf lg k`n h~ s

ol xny lg lk` snl s lf hk x o% xfia xk` jl s llf wygk |x% xzga

n% fl fn s eo xf lfa xn mfn xfkf xfa hn | fk` hk s lf hk

lfx lf lg k`n h~+

:+7+:+ a xa xfia mny fl k`f


19/72



Rfk` rfr a xa k~ jx y jk` snl fl e xfy~x xzk er % |gy

ll fl snk l g k eo snl hn | fk` hk lg lk` kfk

ekf k`f xzak` ox sn ko% l xfl fnk ll lk` snl xfyl k`f lkfl lfa xn mfn xfkf xfa xx l ll m kk` lg k`f+ Xfn `ngk lg lfk`

xzkf e l kf l kf h xkf xzl% xfk` e xzak` xfn `ngk hn

:+7+


20/72



/ K`n wyk e l j xz eyk lfy~k lk` snl xzak` rfo sn kn j

ox k`f lfy~k ok+

:+7+9+ a xa ll m kk` ooO er fal l kfk snk n fl ll m kk` rfl s lfa ekf sl fax

k` lg kfk snk% `nr kfk snk xzgy zn mnk xfl% l 9 m kk` oo l

jk jga `o4 x ol lf % ol xny lfa lyl n% m kk` xfy~x xzkf% x

hy~ s xfg~ n jk xfk% m kk` `nn wy~x sk s m kk` eo snl lg

kfo+

Xx l ll fkf xfl a xa xzk y l kfk` y kfl no+ Ha s~

x~ xk` ean kfk snk% xk` fak lkf l xf o hagkf k`fnr lfk ll

fkf xfl a xa lfa rf fr kfx

:+:+ Ll jnk rfr rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

:+:+7+ X lfl ll er fn xfa% fn k`f

~ e rfk` rfr o Hagkf k`fnr | hk` rf jnk kfk` mnk

xfl mnkf k`fno fal |gk` mnk m xfyx xfk` wyg ll ja la xfgo eyk

fal ll mnk rfx jny fal ll xfkf snk xfgo `ng + Xzak` jyn xfaeyk% fl snk | xfa eyk xfia xk` lf hn | fk` hk lg k`n

ekf a kfo s wyg f fl l ll mnk xfl mnkf k`fno lk xfnx

rfl s lfa lk` snl |gy k~+

:+:+:+ Fl xr xfia xkf fyk`% xfia mlf jk

Rfk` rfr k~ xfl fnk jn ll fl snk l |o sa ll sgn xzak`

mlf jk fal `nn wy~x xkf fyk` l l mx xzak` xkf fyk` hn |

fk` hk lg `na snk% fl snk xfia fk` l fny wy+


21/72




22/72



hagkf k`fnr lf jga fo ll ol xny xzak` rfo sn xk` k s j rfk l

xf

Vx xfia xfn `ngk l ol xny hn fk s ol xny k`k fk+ Ol xnyhn fk `k sn mfak` xfn `ngk hn%lk ol xny k`k fk xfk xzk` rfo

sn 7 ko% l mfn e ox wy fg~ ox og s+ Ol xny k`k fk fg~ hn fk

rf xfyl sa ean fkf lg on hagkf k`fnr s l no l xf lg xk`

|k rfo+ Kfk` xfia k`y~k xl ol xnk k`k fk s hn fk l on wygk

f lfx lf sn kfgy% ol xny hn fk xfk` e l | g zg ll ol xny

k`k fk+


23/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn 7> Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

enk wygk k sk `1 @nn fk xfn `ngk xfl fnk% mx wy l xf lyn

lk` lk x++

F xfk` ol xny lk` l xf jga kfny lk` xa l | l xf fg ll lr xfr fk% ll xfn m k`k fk fk+ Ox mfl% ol xny mfk` l xf

xfk` l xl hk` zx xfr xzak` wy xzkf x lfl xfl fnk lfnk el+


24/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn :2 Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

Wy~ xzkf eg lfk lfnk el jga `o 8 jl e kfk jnx lfnk el

fnk xn% rfk xlf rfk` k% eg lfk lfnk el% kf `n lfnk el

lfk+\ 8+7 Wy~ xzkf eg lfk lfnk el

8+7+ Kfk jnx lfnk el fnk xn

Ol lf lg jl k~ e vl kf s xz fnk xn lg hagkf k`fnr lk`

kf eo z lfnk el k`yk kfk el o hagkf k`fnr gk` xfia yn+ S xz

fnk xn lg hagkf k`fnr lfkf e vyx rfx no lg lfnk el+

Kfk jnx lfnk el fnk xn lfkf vl e l | mfk` kf en lfnk

el l lk` kf eg lfk lfnk el on+ kf `n lfnk el k`yk

kfk el fnk xn lg hagkf k`fnr rfn `k sn ll ~y x on xzk` mnkf

hagkf% ll ol xny lr hagkf k`fnr s lr k s xfkf snk% lf xny rfk

j k`yk el% lf xny a xa% lf xny xy~k hk`% l fn s xflf xfl lg

k`yk kfk el% ol xny kfk el lg ll j rfk hagkf k`fnr% ll lfnk

el lfl kk`%+++

Kfk jnx lfnk el fnk xn

Rfk xlf rfk` k

Eg lfk lfnk el

kf `n lfnk el


25/72



8+:+ Rfk xnlf rfk` k

L | v~ hk` ll rfk` k lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk

kfk el xzk l | l fn% k`y~ l% okf% ~y e og xzk xf x y xnk+Vl kf l fn% k`y~ l xfk` wyg rfk xlf s kf `n on xzk`

jk k`an hagkf k`fnr+ Ll l fn l xf jga `o xno kk` rfx xznk xf

xzk` ha a xa xfo kfk el% xfy kfr lg hk l xk`% k`yk kfk

lk` z s l xg~ k`f% rfx xznk lg lk` k`f on% xfg~ n s lfkf |lf

lg kf kl%+++ Ll k`y~ l n sn lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk l xf

e4 Xf xzk` j xfy fr% lkf xzgkf k`~ lk` mfl enx% jx k s xf xzk`

ega k`% en xfn s xzkf % h~ xzy~k |k vyx el fy%+++Snl rfk xlf ll kfk x kn j hagkf k`fnr kfo vl kf ll no

okf% no ~y lg k`yk kfk el+ Ll ox okf s x lfl hagkf k`fnr

l xf e ll m kk`% k`yk el% en xf o hagkf k`fnr l l xzl ll

n xf lkf xzgkf kf l kfny kf wyk xz xn kk`% l n k` ogzmixnk`

`nn% l lk` k`f sx xzn% xfk` fny kn xnk`%++ Kfk` ox ~y lg

k`yk kfk el xf fnk kfk` xfny |x s xzkf wyk e% k`yk kfk

el lk fk lf s xzkf % mfk` k` y% xfny kfk` m kk` oo+++

\gy mfn g zg kfk` l fn% xflf xfl% no okf% no ~y xg xnk

fkf xk` fr ll ~y x g zg rfk` k lfnk el og xzk

\PAX4


26/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn :: Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

Jk` 74 Og xzk \PAX

On xzk` jk k`anRfk xlf

L fn & A . K`y~ l & X .no

okf

& \ .

Rfn fr \!A Rfn fr \!X

Kn j

hagkf

k`fnr

no

~y

& P .

Rfn fr P!A Rfn fr P!X

/ Rfn fr \!A4 Xfy l x kfk` mx fr `ng ll ox okf lf ~y

sn ll l fn k`yk kfk el lg hagkf k`fnr% lk lf k snl | hk`

ll ox okf n rf ll k`y~ l+

/ Rfn fr P!A4 E | mx fr `ng ll ox ~y lg k`yk kfk el

lg hagkf k`fnr sn ll l fn+ \ mx fr k~ o zg lfa hagkf k`fnr mf

kk` sx wyg ox ~y jk` xzgkf xf ll l fn

/ Rfn fr P!X4 E | mx fr `ng ox ~y s k`y~ l lg k`yk kfk

el lg hagkf k`fnr+ \ mx fr k~ x zg ~y ly hagkf k`fnr lk rfn

xo ll jnk rfr `no jx ox ~y s xzkf l k`y~ l jk` llf zg

ll lfnk el rfk` xf+

/ Rfn fr \!X4 E | mx fr `ng no okf s k`y~ l lg k`yk

kfk el lg hagkf k`fnr+ \ mx fr k~ `nr lfa hagkf k`fnr sx wyg

l kfk` k`y~ l jk` llf xk hk` kfk` no okf lg okf+

8+


27/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn :< Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

l kfk` k`y~ l jk k`an s fk lf kfk` no ~y lg lfkf hagkf

k`fnr+

Vyx rfx x kfk` rfk` k lfnk el rf fr kfx g zg oxlfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el fr e kfx lfa hagkf k`fnr

8+8+ kf `n lfnk el eg lfk

kf `n xx lfnk el eg lfk% ll hagkf k`fnr xfk` xfl

fnk ll fax k` |gy4

/ Xk` fr s mno xzg en xx l ll lk l eg lfk lfnk el s f

xfk` ol xny x zg+

/ kf `n% ny lfkf s er zg ll m falf fkf k` kfo o ja

ox llf ~ kfx ll ~y x k`yk el lfa snl xfl fnk lfnk el+

/ kf `n en l ly x lfl lg hagkf k`fnr s | ek`% lfx ek`%

lfl kk` s kfno s lg ll rfk` jgk% lg xk` lk j lk` kfk snk s

xnk fkf ny lfkf fal xfg~ n xak j ky kf wyk xz xf~ xfl | lk

xfnx o ja lfa lfnk el xfkf lk`+

NNN+ l xzk` lg lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el xzak`hagkf k`fnr

7+ \ wygk xo lg ekf a s k`n ega k` lg hagkf k`fnr k

lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el+

/ \ kfk xfl s sgn xz lg ll lk` xl wyk xz kfk el xzak` lk`

x~ lk` kf on wygk f wyk xz kfk el sn ll lfl kk` wyk e mfl

xzak` lk` x~ lg lk j wyk e s lk j wyk e s lf hagkf k`fnr

/ \ kfk xfl s sgn xz lg k`yk kfk el xzak` lk` x~+ Xfnk s

mfg lkf e k`yk kfk el fg~ ~y x lak k`n xzak` wyk xz |k vyx mnkf

hagkf

/ Lk` kfk eo snl e kk` k` fg~ xf k`


28/72



/ Lk` kfk eo snl lf s xnk fg~ s ll kfy ly mfl kg

/ M kk`% xg~ k`f lg ll lk` kfk e lga fg~ xfr

/ Lk` kfk l m falf rfx xznk l kfk hn fk fg~ lf lf xk``ngn ak k`k

:+ Ol xny lg lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

/ o ja | ek` ega k` `k sn snl xfg~ n | ek` ega k`

jga ò xk`% `no n sn xk` ean l xf

/ o ja lfx ek` ega k` jga ò kk` lga lfx ek` ega k`

n sn xk` ean ega k` l xf+

/ o ja kk` |yx ega k` jga ò kk` lga kk` |yx lg xk` ean

ega k` xk` k s j rfk lg hagkf k`fnr+

/ o ja xf ega ega k` l xkf lfx lkf xzgkf jga ò `nn wy~x

ll sk xnk ek` s xnk xfk`+

/ Ln xfnk ny mnk eo snl lg k`n ega k` jga ò xzgk` xfnx j

ja f ega k`+ xfn `ngk ega k` s k`f k`n+++


29/72



Kk mnkf x kl xg sk gk` xzak` wy xzkf fn kfr% x hy~ lg ll

hagkf k`fnr lk` hk hk xfg~ n% kfk` sk lfg kk jx l fak xak+

Ll wy~ eyx xf xzk` kf lyk` ly% `n l% fn kfr+++gk` xl k` okfo k xx l ll hagkf k`fnr+ Ha ll hagkf k`fnr rfn l kfk` lfnk

el l xf+ l jnx e lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el ky

kf mfk` oyk xx fy s xfx jn+

Xzak` jn lkf | rfx xznk kfgkf lfk` lg mfag fl lk` k`f kf

fnk kg~% l jnx e xzak` ekf sl lk` k`f xfk` xnk+ Ll hagkf k`fnr

mfk` xf lf hy~ xz ll rfk` rfr wyk xz l nk sn llf xnr lk lf

~y e k`k fk o rfn l xo kfk on jga wyx fk l s mfk` `ngk sxfn `ngk+ K`yk ega k` eyk n on mfk` k`k` jx mr | xnk j

lg xfn n+ Lfkf s~ ll hagkf k`fnr rfn mfk` k`k` a xa s rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el lg hagkf k`fnr okf+ jx mr | xnk j n fn

hagkf k`fnr rfn l kfk` lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

znk`+


30/72



Lfk` :+ Xfl xzk` lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk

kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

Lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo e lk` x~ rfk rfn ll |k rfo x

lk` x~ Og|gk+ l xfkf er x ko :228+ Xfia rfx xznk lg xf

xzk` kn lfyk` s lk` x~ Og|gk kn znk`% fnk kg~ ll |k rfo mnkf

hagkf lg lk` x~ zx rfak` rf s g hk` lfk` ean+

Ll |k rfo mnkf hagkf lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo e4

@ng s4

Xk` x lga lr Lfnk/\y

Kl oo |lf Kgo K` 922oe &77U20.

Kl oo |lf Kgo K` 092oe &77U20.

Fx ko mfk` jx k`x Lfnk/\y :82`z &0U26.

Fx ko mfk` jx k`x Lfnk/\y 09`z &0U26.

Kl xk` lga lr Lfnk|y Kr ln fag sk` 922oe &0U26.

Kl xk` lga lr Lfnk|y Kr ln fag sk` :92oe &0U26.

Kl oo Lfnk|y L Fn ok Xflf Fr 392oe &:22


31/72



O Aoglfn Kyxznxnak Xfk k` / @ Fo \g &0!26.

O \k Fo K` Wy &6U20.

O K`fy Fr Xfn &6U20.

O Ey Fk Wyl &6U20.

O Aoglfn Vx J Fo &6U20.

O Xnk Syg & 8!2>.

Xfia ox ny xzg on kfx lg Xk` Ll Xfk` M% on ko xf xzk`

Snx Kgo lk fk :22 xzny ex kl ko on xny xf s sn fk >9) f

`ng kf xn Snx Kgo | hk` kl oo lfo% r s ky xzak` ll jgk wygkf ko xf ~ wy e ox xf xzk` fr hk+ Snx Kgo xf xzk`

kl lfo lk` l kf n |n k` xk` k` sn fgn xf xzk` mfl

e hy `n s jx `nx+ S s~% fk` Og|gk lfk kl oo Lfnk|y L fn

eo s mf j ox lfnkf rfl k`n xny hk`+

H on l ox xzk xf xzk` kn g 7!72!:22< % |ak` Lfnk/|y eyk e

kfk fny k` fk` y lg k`kf fk` `ng s xn Snx Kgo xzak` 8 ko enk

xnr sn snl lfno mfak` 32) xf rfk lg k`kf fk` `ng s lga lr%xk` k` sn ll n `ng mfl kf Sihgk% Og`n% Gdnkaoaxa% Mkaz

Kfk` xfl x ll j kn xz en gk` lk |k rfo l xfk` fny y~ xk s

mfy s k`ak xfia rfak` llf o xfl kfgkf s `k % mfk` lk rfg lf `

xfo+ Xzk l | x xnk fny jnx z s xf fny% mfy s lg k`n Snx Kgo%

lk` x~ mfgn |nkf zg hk` |k rfo kfk fny Lfnk|y r k` k` |

xflf k`ak onk` o k`n hk xfkf xf gk` lk+ Kfgkf lfk ko jx kfy

ly on% k xf xzk` gk` rfx xznk ol k`~ lk` lga fk lk` sn

xf okf lg lk` x~ xk` lfnkf rfl k`n Snx xf xzk` ll kl%

Og|gk hk hr ~ Lfnk|y k xk xg~ k`n oyg mfr ll |ny xf% lf%

lg fk` lg lg kl


32/72



Ko jx l kfy ly xny xf lg k`n hk Onk Jl+ \gy mfn mfgn

xfl s xo fny xf xzk`+ 8U:228 Sk Rfk` Jk Fk` Rfg Jl zg n+

lk` sn e | l ox lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo+ Jgk y lf eox kf rfk rfn kf+Xfk` y xfo h xf xzk` hagkf | lg xfk` lf

x 622 xzny SKH+ Kf y x k`fnk ly xf xzk`% mfa |x kfy ly k`n

xny hk`% v~ hk` ll lfnk el hn fk

N+ Mfn wyx s k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

7+ \ fkf xfkf s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@

Snx KgoXzak` ekf sl rfk rfn kk k`yk kfk el k` sgn xz wy~x kf

k | xk xn s rfx xznk lg lk` x~+ Lfkf s~ l lfnk el a xa s

rfx xznk k`yk kfk el znk` e s lk` lr xfnx n sn on `ngn ak

rfx xznk lg lk` x~

7+7+ Xfl xzk` k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ `ngn ak on xfkf er

Lk` x~ XKFF JO@ l mfn no e ox kf rfk rfn kf% Lyn ko

:229 k`yk kfk el on lf l :: k`n+

|xx Lfl s\ ek`&k`n.

7 @no l 7

: Rf `nk l 7

< M Xak 7

8 Xf mfa 7

9 Kfk snk sk lfy~k :3 @no |x mnkf hagkf :

0 Kfk snk jk fk` 72

6 Kfk snk fazilg 3

> Xf Wy 7


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn :> Mnkf X Rfx Xznk 80J

Xzkf n fl Lga k` Xzyk` lr XFRX

\ ek` 8 < 9 72

7+:+ l no k`yk kfk el lk` x~ mfn on xfkf er

Mfn on xfkf er lk` x~ xy~k kfk` kfk snk l mnkf k`fno jk

fk`% `nga xnr fal fy~ k` kfk snk x | wyik jnx lg kfk` k`n

xfk+ Ha xzkf kfk snk mfk` k` y s mfk` lfy~k k`fnr+

Kfk snk sg l a xa sg xk` jl r hk` mfgn rf xf xzk`+ @nr

k`n hk kfk jnx | l ox lg |k rfo xzk xf xzk`% jl y g |k

rfo k xg~ k`n xny hk`+ Ha Lfnk|y e kfk fny l g lfyk`

kl k`an kf K`g%+++ s ha |k rfo lfx ek` lga% k kf% rf fr sn

vy fk` xny hk` k`~ lk` lga lg k`n hk Snx Kgo+ K`yk kfk el

lf l mnkf k`fno jk fk` k xfyk% ha a xa en kfk` kfk snk

e kfno s lr xfnx lg ll k s ekf a+ k` xfn jgk ekf a on

jl lfk sa k`kf% lfg l mnkf k`fno kfny xzak` ekf sl rfk rfn%

kfk snk lfg l mnkf k`fno% xfia e | lkf xzgkf lg ll |k rfo

l s xf xzk xf xzk` eo lfa lk` xl wyk e `r zx kfny mf mfk+

:+ Xfl xzk` rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx

Kgo+

Lk` sn | mfk` nkf lg xfk` fny Lfnk|y xzk xf xzk`% Lk` x~

lk` l zx kfny kfk` x rf |gy ko y fax k`+ Sk rfk` jk fk`

onk Jl xfkf er ll kf rfk rfn ek ex ll xkf xfkf xzak` l kl+Lk` lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo xlf zg lf wyk e ll kf rfk

rfn xfyl g jk F Kn+


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn Xf Wy :

Xzkf n fl Lga k` Xzyk` lr XFRX

\ ek` > 7: 79 :7

Lyn ko :220 Sk rfk` jk fk` onk Jl l :> kf rfk

rfn+Ll kf rfk rfn ek ex l xfkf er ll sk` |y% sk` vg sn

lfnk el g xk` |k rfo lg Lfnk|y k xk xg~ k` ja onk kn+ Ll


35/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn 6 k`n

|xx Lfl s

\ ek`

&k`n.

7 @no l 7: Rf `nk l 03


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn


41/72


K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn


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K`y~k Xf Xy~x Ogn


43/72



/ Kfk Snk |gy mfn a xa l mf kk` rfk xlf xkf fkf% `nn wy~x

kfk` xkf fyk` xfk` `r fr e o mfk` lk k | `nr lg kf

rfk rfn lk` kf kfk snk `no |x+/ Kk` |yx jkf wyk xk` ek k` m% Hagkf xfy xzyk` jkf xk` ek+

/ \gy mfn l a xa kfk snk l m kk`% m |a lk xfnx r hk`

sa lk` snl+ `no jx | wyk e lg jgk wyk e+ k` xfn kfk xfl

l | k` `r lg jk xfk sn | rfx xznk mfk` k`k` lg lk` x~+

Eyk oak` oyk x mfk` kf okf% eyk l kfk` m falf sk ek%

mfk` x ha kf xzl kg+

/ Kfy ly fl xr xk` lga% xzkf fl sk lg kfk snk k`~ lk`l ln xfnk+ Lyn ko :223 xzkf n Fl lg lk` x~ lf l 8 k`n+

7 @no l% 7 rf `no l s : `no |x mnkf hagkf+ Kfk snk mfk` l gn

l xzkf n Fl+ Xzkf lga k` lk` lf l < k`n+ Kfk` k lyn

ko :226 xzkf n Fl lg lk` x~ l xn :2 k`n+ K`an jgk wyk e

lk l 0 kfk snk l xzkf n Fl% :< kfk snk l xzkf lga k` s

zx kfny kfk` kfk snk gk` fl ll er xn lfl% er fyk ey~k ll m

kk` sa jyn xn+ \ xk` xzkf fl sk mfk` k`k` lg kfk snk lk`

x~ lk` kf xk` kk` |yx ega k` lfa xg xf~ l xo wygk xzk` lg

lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~++

K`y~k kfk

Lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg Lk` x~ l ll lr

wyk e lg lk` x~ Og|gk kfnx xkf k` f+ Ha s~ lfk` xzkf a xa s

rfx xznk k`yk kfk el eyk l rfx xznk ox llf kfgkf lfk` s xznx

+ Ko xzak` vy xf kf s~% j rfk mfn kfk snk l | wygk xo ek

kfx a xa s rfx xznk+

J rfk wyk e e j rfk l lfy~k ok fa% l mnkf k`fno%

l a xa k` lfy~k k`kf wyk xz kfk el lg xzk` n fl fk`


44/72



y wyl `ng4 F Mnkf X Wyl Hk% F Wyk e mnkf hagkf++ Jk lkf

l | x sk lg kfny lk j ekf a go fny |y s lk` xl a xa+ Ox

mfl sn | kfnx xkf lg lg n k` lk j rf xzlf ok` a xa kklk` xl a xa kfgkf lfk` l xfkf lk`+

Vl kf k` n xk` a xa% rfo sn a xa s ol a xa+

S rfk` rfr a xa4 Lk` x~ lfk kfny rfk` rfr x a xa

xn kn eo snl k a xa kàn lk` snl+ lk` x~ sk mfy~k mflf ll

lk` kfk snk n fl kl kàn+ Kàn zg% lk` x~ lk f xz rfk ek

mnkf rf lfa lk` kfk snk l kfy ly fl xr o mfk` xfyl n xk`

l a xa+Jk lkf kfk` xfkf xy x l xf mfk` xf mfk` xzkf mfn

kfk` fk lf lg lfk` xzkf a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el+8+:+ Fk lf

/ Lfk` xzkf a xa xy~ o zk` xzak` xak lk` x~ kfk` lk`

mfk` xf xnk fkf a xa lfa xx l on lk` kfk xzak` lk` x~+

K`y~k kfk4 Ha lk` x~ l | kfk snk xzkf mfk` k` zx

ek% snl xa xfkf kfk` kfo lf h~ zx mf% 8 lfn kfkf kf rfk rfn

mfl kfgy kk | ek` kfk snk rfk xk% xr xzyk` l ~ ek`

kfk snk k~ e s lk` mf+

/ S k`n xzl xnr a xa kfk snk e kfk` `no |x+ Ek` `no

|x lk ok`% mfk` xzl xnr xnr lk sn mflf fk`% kk mf kk` a xa

kfk snk lfg lga% lfg kfnx xkf sn kfk snk+

K`y~k kfk4 Ek` kfk snk `no |x lk ok`% mfk` xzl xnrxfgo `ng xnr lk mflf fgk`% mnkf k`fno lk lfg lga% mf kk` | rfo

lg on k`n ox mfl% l k`n lf h~ kfk snk | fny% kfk` lk` l

k`n mfk` xf h~ lfa k`n mfl l+


45/72



/ Mnkf rf a xa zx x% xfk` e k`an `n eo snl kk kfk snk

ox on |gy ox k`~ eo snl% mfk` l fk` xf fl xr+

/ Kfk` jyn fl ll m kk` ok ha lk` x~ x lfl lfa kfk snk%xy~ en `nk` lg kfk` @na snk zx fg~% kfk` lfg r hk` xfl x% `na

snk lf h~ xzk e xfy~x% lfg jnx kfny s lk` x~ l kfk` r hk`

k` k`n% k` snl+

/ Fnk kg~ lk` x~ lfg l f xfk` flf xak hn fk s lk l ox x

lfl l lfl kk` wyk e wy rfx xznk ~ l xf v~ hk` m falf

a xa s rfx xznk xzak` hn fk% ak xzl kfk` xfg~ n okf o lg

xf xzk`+/ S lk` xl kf `n fny wy a xa% |gy mfn mx xfl mfg a xa l

< rfk` rfr kf `n fny wy jk` jk` fn% rfk` sk% eo jn xfy

falf++xy~ kfnk lk` x~ mfk` xfl fnk rfk` rfr ka% o k`n `no

|x mnkf hagkf s kf rfk rfn xfia hn xkf fkf xnk j lg kfk snk

xfk` wyg wygk |x s hagkf | fk` k`~% fk` xfk`

NN+ Rfk xlf s o kf fk` k lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk k`ykkfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

7+ kf fk` lg lk` x~ Og|gk

Lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo e ox xzak` kfk` kf rfk rfn ek

lg lk` x~ Og|gk+ Rfk rfn |k rfo lg lk` x~ Og|gk xn g jk F

Kn+ Lfkf s~ lk` x~ Og|gk l kf fk` mfk` kf k lfnk el mnkf

hagkf lk` kf lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~

XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo+


46/72



7+7+ a xa fk` xfia ol xny a xa lak k`n lg Og|gk

Ol xny :272 lg lk` x~ Og|gk 4 xz xfkf lk` x~ | fy < kfk

fk` xfl rfo fk` y xn Snx Kgo% e lk` x~ l hagkf | 722 xzny Y\Hsa ko :272% l |l fr hk lga n sn ll x lfl% kf y x ek+

xfl fnk ol xny k~% Og|gk eg lfk lfnk el Xa zg s eo

lf ll vy fk` xny hk` on xfk` wyg snl rfx onkf zg ll |k rfo

y snx s rfl s mflf fk` sn lfx ek` xx kfx+

Ol lf fax k`4 Fn x s kyn hk` mfx sk`% xn kk` xo

mno | x rf kfo kk` lga en lf lg |k rfk s hlf s lfa mflf

fk`+ Lfkf s s~% mflf fk` | xfk` lfk` xg jk` hagkf |% en kfykhk y s | xk` xzk` jk sk`+

Jk `n xz kk xk` lg OG\GK

/ Lak k`n e xn |k% e k`yk el lkf xzgkf+

/ Xnk rfak` mfgn rf sn mfx sk` lfnk xfk`+

/ Fr xl lk` rfx xznk% fn fg en lf sn ll n xl+

/ Xnkf xfk hk xl+

Jk rfo lfx lg lak k`n OG\GK

/ Xn kk` s |k` xa+

/ X lfx ekf a+

/ Xnkf xfk eo lf lk` snl+

/ Eno mfnx s onkf jlf+

\y k`y~k xl fax k` lg OG\GK

/ En lf mflf fk`% lk` x~ &l k`.% kfk snk mfk` xlf zn kfgy+/ Eo snl xfia kfo+

/ Xk xzk` l kfk+

/ X lfl eyk fl fn% eyk n on+

/ kf fk` xfia ol xny s mx wy lyn lk +


47/72



/ Ek` xnk% | lgo mx+

7+:+ Ll ol xny a xa ek rfn rf xfyl sa wy~x kf lg lk` x~

Og|gk+Rfk` xzo fax k` lg xk` k`n Og|gk Oiojiz| Gllaoren|f

xfinzxg|m| \ik|nxnsie~ j~ Glyoik gkh Kizsi| k`fg e on xfkf snk e

el fak xfkf ol xny ox llf mfa ea jk` | xfk` onkf s ek` wy

lo+ Sn llf kfk k`yk kfk el kf e |l okf lkf xzgkf% Og|gk

x xzk` xo s lfx ek` lak k`n% jx y x mfy xfy fx xy~k hk`

a xa s rfx xznk kfk snk+ Xk` lk` kfk xfl s ll `n xz kk xk`%

ll k`y~k xl fkf v s m kk` eo snl lg kfk snk x mfn on fn

kfr xn Og|gk+ Lfkf s~ kfk` ol xny ek s a xa s rfx xznk lg

lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo rf xfyl sa rfk` fk` a xa lak

k`n Og|gk+ M falf a xa kn j fk` ko lfa ll lr x kfk snk xn

s xz wyk e sn kf fk` mf z4 a xa% fyk ey~k kfk snk xfia kfy

ly lk` snl s l jnx m falf rfx xznk k`f k`fnr lfa ll kfk snk

ko `n ll s xz wyk e lf lfx s ll ekf sl on kfk+

:+ kf fk` lg kfk x jk k`an lk` x~

:+7+ Kfk x xfyl s mnkf x

Kfk x mnkf x xl k` mfk` k`k` k k`yk kfk el lg Snx

Kgo+ \a sn ll kl xzk xf `nn% xl xk` xzk` lg Snx Kgo ko

:220 e 6%88) lga kfx xzak` sk` 72 ko wyg sn ol @HR jkf wyk y

k`n mfak` 6


48/72



lk` x~+ Ek` mflf fk` xk` hk k n fn xzkf lg kfk snk lk`

kf k`n wyk e rfn lga fk kg+

:+:+ Kfk x xfyl s lfkf xzSnx kgo e ox kl l kk lfkf xz k kf% l lf lfkf |lf wyk e

lg kf kl k`~ lk` onkf jlf s l kf `n e on xzk` xfyk en

lfa ll kf y x kl k`an+ Jk lkf l | ja f s ega k`% wygk

xo k en lf lfkf k` lg k`n ega k`+`nr lfa k`n ega k` gk

xo eo snl% k` `r s l fk` ll ja fno v fn xfia wy~ kf+

Jgk fkf xfk` kfx lf ek`% xfk`% xz lr% ek` fy%+++

:+


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50/72



lg fk`% xfk` 9 ko :226 lk` x~ jga rf l 80 lg fk`+

Sn kfo mflf fk` k~ l kfo kfk snk jga rf xf xzk` znk` `n e

kfk snk xf xzk`+ Kfk snk xzl xnr e~ k fk` x ll lg fk`% n

e% s |gy io fk` k xk lg fk`% n e + Kfo mflf fk` k~

mfk` l e~ 7 |k rfo hy~ kfx% o rfn e~ mo ll |k rfo mfl lg

lk` x~ s | l mfy~k on xfia lfk` xzkf lg lk` x~+


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/ Kfo mflf fk` xf : e ll |ny xf% ll kf rfk rfn kf%e+

Kfo mflf fk` k~ mfk` k`% on ek e~ xfk` e~ kfny s xfk`

e~ on ek ox ox fk` kfx kf+ Kfo mflf fk` k~ xfk` enk fxzl xnr s `nga hlf sn kf rfk rfn s fk` lfnx mfy+

/ Kfo xf < e ll kf fk`% mflf |k+ Kfo mflf fk` k~ xfk`

e~ ox ean |k rfo kfx kf s l fk` lfnx mfy xfgkf xak+ Kfo

mflf fk` k~ l kfo kfk snk `nga hlf znk` `n e Fazilg+ Kfo kfk

snk k~ k ll kf fk`% `nn xfny |k rfo% e~ nk fk` s lf k

fal g lfa kfk snk sk lfy~k lf k kf fk`+ Mflf |k +

8+ Ll kfk x xfyl on xzk` jk xzak` lk` x~

On xzk` jk xzak` lk` x~ wy~x kf k lfnk el a xa s rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~+

8+7+ Lfkf |lf n k` kfk | lg lk` x~

Lf ja fno v fn s lfkf |lf v fn

Lf ja fno v fn s lfkf |lf v fn l xfl fnk xfia wy~

kf lg kf kl% on k`n xzak` lk` x~ jx jyl rfn k` ja fno vfn+ K`n | hk` ega k` k` 79) |a sn xk` wy ek`% xzak` 72)

lfn ll lf fy xz% x xyx s 9) lfn lfa lf o gy% xfgn |k% xgn

kk ega k`+ K`n ega k` k` 9) xnk ek` xfk` lfn lfa fy xz s

x xyx+

Ek` s ll mfak k` xfia ek`4

Ek` lg lk` kfk snk xzak` lk` x~ l xkf xfia k` f |

ek` lg Kf kl+ Xzak` xfk` Lk` x~ la xf k` xzl ek` lfa lk j

lk` kfk snk% lyn m | xz |gy+

Lf xfk`


52/72



Lyn ko% Lk` x~ xfk` kf `n lk` snl xfl xfnk% xfn % xfkf

xlf lg lk j lk` kfk snk xfk` lfa f+ K`yk xnk xfk` l

e~ x wy xnk ek` s wy mfy~k mflf Mfak xz lr4

k` snk mfy~k mflf sx lfx% xnkf xfk lfa lk j lk` kfk

snk% f lk kfk l ll mfak xz lr4 Xz ek` lfa xfn `ngk mfk` eo

snl& k`f rfr% e x% o gy.% xz lr k`n ega k`% +++

K`an zg% fk` ko Lk` x~ lk x lfl ll lyl xfo wygk hy elf

lfa lk j sk rfk` lg lk` x~% fg~ x lfl ll jyn sk k`f% xa ny

mnk `nga ey `ng ll rfk` jgk s ll lyl xfn yg xzak` lk` x~ kf rfak`xza ega k` `nn xzak` |k vyx% rfak` xza xf hl xf xfga% ++++

8+:+ Sk fg x lfl lg lk` x~

Sk fg x lfl lk` x~ l kf fk` zx ek k k`yk kfk el lk`

x~+ Ky lk` x~ l on xzk` sk fg xx% kfk snk xfk xfnk% xfl ~ xnkf

xfk fl xr s kfk snk `k j ey hn fk+ lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

e lk` x~ nk fkf lg ll kf rfk rfn s on xzk` sk fg lg lk`

x~+ Ll kfk snk fg k`% xfk xfnk% `nr kfgy lk` xnk j% lk` kfgy

v~ hk` kr |k` ekf okf+

Jgk ekf a lk` x~ lk` eyk l `k` ak mx ll xfkf snk xzak`

lk` x~ sn kfgy+ L kfk` jyn `nga ey `ng ekf a sn kfk snk kf x

lfl k yk`% fx mgzgami% jk`+++ mlf eo kfk snk xfan on% kk` |yx

eo snl xk` ek k` m+

8+


53/72




54/72



Jk` lfo lk` l xfl fnk l xf no hgkf lk j lk` kfk

snk vio l n eo snl k` `n% la k`f mfk` s l e ha sk` ox fg~

mfk`+ Xy~ kfnk sk lk kfny jx lr |~ zg kf lk j lk` kfk snk lxf no hgkf f kfgy fg~ e k xkf ek kfgy% n eo kg k`~+ S jk`

lfo lk` xf mfk` xf fnk l lfx ek` lk` snl ny | kf

fk` k snl xkf ek` lfa k`n ega k`

NNN+ Kfk` sk lk` x~ rfn n ox mfn a xa s rfx xznk k`yk

kfk el+

7+ a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el e kfno s mf mfkKo :226 k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ e 92 xzak` xzkf xzyk` fl

rf xfk` l xn 79 kfk snk+ X e k`n l xzkf k` lfy~k ok

mfk` lga+ Jk lkf % xzkf ly kfk snk s kfk` m kk` oo fy

kf zx mo+ Kfk` ny mnk fnk xn lg k`yk kfk el lk` x~ mf l xf

a xa ox n k` kfk snk lfy~k k`fnr% l xzkf lga rfx xznk

lk` x~+

:+ Wy~ o a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lk kf+

Fnk xn% ol s fny wy rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~

XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo lfg lga+ Sn xl lg snl fnk n fg xfk` xnk%

xfk` xnk j el fy zx kfgkf+ Kn hyk` a xa mfk` hg xzk mf kk` lg

xk` kfk snk kk kfk` kfk snk l a xa sk mfk` rf fr sn s

xz eo snl lg f+ Ll rfk` rfr a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el l

kfny kfk` on lf r hk` ox | rfk` rfr k `nk kf a xa xfia

mny lf hk% mo lr lf ja% a xa xfia mny fl k`f+


55/72



er% lfy~k k`kf mfl kfgy+ Ha a xa xfkf n k` kfk snk

lfy~k k`fnr e zx mf mfk+ Rfn lk l sa ny mnk lg xk` k`n o

l kfk` rfk` rfr a xa mfl kfgy+Kfk` kfk snk l mnkf k`fno% lk` xl ey ko xzak` k`f% xfa

snl++ kfk` mo kf~ jk jx mr kfr lg xf xzk`+ Kfk` kfk

snk on% kk` k`% l a xa wyg ll xzk` er xf m kk` lfg l%

mnkf k`fno x% mfgi kk` lk kfny fk lf+

8+ Ly xzl a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lfg fr e

Ha ny mnk lg lk` x~ lfg lfa rfr% kk ll fkf xfl a xa lfg

k` k`n% k` snl+ \ a xa xzk egk% gn oyk fl xf fl o mfk`

wygk xo snl kfk snk fl ogk` en en lf ` lfa lk` snl fnk xn+

/ Ly xzl l | mfl kfgy zx ek `ng a xa lk j wyk e s kfk

snk+ Kfk snk lk` x~ l | ek` zx ek%xzkf lfg lga% | a xa lf

hn ox | fkf xfl k `nk+

/ Rfk kg kfk snk xzak` lk` x~ l xzkf rf xfk` fal xfr fk%

ha kf fk` vy k snl xfy~k lfy~k lk` xl s ln xfnk xzkf %

m kk` eo snl e zx mf mfk+

9+ y x lfa a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lfg ~ s xfg

k`

9+7+ y x kfny lfa xk` er wyk e o lfg lf xzk` k kfk snk+

n k` wyk e xfk` l l n fl xr% k`fi xfy~x xzkf s lk` x~%

fal ll mnkf k`fno rfl s lfa lk` snl lg okf+ l x lfl n

xfo wygk% kfo o ogk` mnk xfl+ l sa Kgo xfo xkf fkf fax

k` lg lk` x~% fl xr mnkf k`fno wyk e x kfk` ekf a lk` x~

Og|gk+ On ko Og|gk lfa kfk snk wyk e n hy elf kl k`an : ek+


56/72



Xfo xkf fkf x kl jk lk` kf fax k` |k vyx mnkf hagkf lg

kl jk+

n k` kfk snk l n k` wyk e xzy~k x en mnk xfl fll% rf jnk kfk` lfk` xzkf lg lk` x~ Og|gk lk` kf lfk` xzkf

fax k` lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo+ On ko kfk snk l n

hy elf kl k`an ox ek hkf lfa kfk snk y x lg kf rfk rfn+ n

mo xfia e n k` wyk e lg lk` x~+

9+:+ x wygk xo k ol xnr xfy lg k`n fl

Wyk e mnkf hagkf lf xzy~k x en lf mfk` vio kfk snk

fny lfk` xzkf lg lk` x~ k y+ \gy on ek l lfnk el mnkf hagkf

on% n k`f kfk snk | l xr fyk ll m kk` l jk+ Kfk` ol

xnr xfy lg kfk snk mfk` k` y% ha xzkf on k`n mfl kfgy+

Lfkf s~% fny wg lg kfk` ek xr fyk l mfl kfgy n sn on kfk

snk s on kf rfk rfn+ Xfk` xfk` lk` x~ mfk` wygk xo k ol

fny jnx lg kfk snk xn y% lk` x~ n fn ol kfk jnx lg kfk

snk xzak` lk` snl lk` kf xzak` ll lfk` xzkf |r xn+ Ky |gn rfo

| | e xzl xnr+ Lfkf s~ kfk snk rfn fl fn ll kfk snk mfl lk`

kf xfl sa snl fl xr lg okf+

NS+ kf `n l fn%xflf xfl% no okf% no ~y

7+ kf `n l fn s xflf xfl

Xzk l | rfk xlf on xzk` k`an hagkf k`fnr xg xf~ kfk` l

fn s lk` kfny kfk` xflf xfl n sn lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

7+7+ L fn

/ Snx Kgo `ng kfr PXA% o lg xf xzk` xa zg l fn ek |o

rfo Lfnk|y lkf xzgkf sn xf xzk` xf `nn+ Kk` lga lfx ek` lkf

xzgkf lfa ll hagkf k`fnr |k vyx lk` kf rfk rfn |k rfo+


57/72



/ Xfy kfr lg k`n hk k`~ lk` xk`% ha kfy ly lg k`n hk

s |k rfo lg lk` x~ k`~ lk` ek% snl mnkf hagkf |k rfo k`~ lk`

rfx xznk% n k` kfk el k`~ lk` on zk`+/ Ll lfkf |lf lg kf kl k`~ lk` xfk` xfak`% xa ny mnk

lfa snl v~ hk` s hy~ xz on xzk` lkf xzgkf lg n k` ega k`

xzak` kl% kk` lga kk` el eo snl lg k`n ega k`+

/ \ xnk j lg mfag fl lk` k`f% lk` k`f wyk e++ `nr lfa kk`

|yx ega k` lg k`yk kfk el xk` ek% k` hk` kfk` lk` k`f on

eo `no xfn `ngk ega k` o fny wy lk` snl zx ek+

/ Xf xzk` ega k` lfx ek` k`~ lk` lga% l fn lfa lk` x~ rfxxznk k`yk kfk el zk` mfr k`~ lk` ek+

7+:+ Xflf xfl

/ Snx Kgo `ng kfr PXA xa ox xflf xfl ek xzak` snl lkf xzgkf

sn ll n xf l jnx e ll n xf kl k`an xfgo `ng sa xf xzk` jk

e lg Snx Kgo sn en xf s sk% xzkf lk` k`f% wyk e lga lr+++

/ Kf kl g zg kfk` lfkf |lf wyk e s xfy xfy kfr% `~ mf

mfk xzak` snl l `k` lg kfk snk+ S kfk snk l ol ek` |y~x |ax

ol ek` rfn k` xfy% f | fk lf k`g~ ol mfk` rfn k`

xfy+

/ Xx fy s kfk el |a sn xf xzk`% s k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~

xzkf mfk` lga% xzak` mfn xzk xf xzk` k`yk kfk el lga k`~ lk`

k`+

:+ kf `n no okf% no ~yXzk l | rfk xlf mf kk` lkf xzgkf s on xzk` jk xzak` lg

lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo lfk` xg | g zg kfk` no okf% no

~y |gy4


58/72



:+7+ no okf

/ Xfk` fny Lfnk|y l mfk` kf% ny k~ | xa l kno xnk

xzak` mflf fk`% lk` kf h hk` xzak` snl xnr lk mflf fk`+/ Ll |k rfo g zg xf xzk` l lfx ek` lga% h lkf xzgkf+

xfk` xnk k l sn k`n xny hk` xf rfn l kfk` m falf l xf+

/ L lfnk el xk` xf x lk` x~ Og|gk% l ol xny e lak k`n

Og|gk |an k`

/ Ll e el lg kfk snk xzak` kfny ko wyg | xnr xl sk e xf

okf lx en lg lk` x~

/ g jk jga rf zk` mfr% x Kgo zg Jl+ Mfy sl F Kn lg lk`x~ JO@ wyk e l f xfk` `nga xfk` xfyk en% l | rfk j kf rfk

rfn k` y% rfk` xnk sk lfy~k xfyk xnk

/ Kfk snk kk` k`% kfnx xkf% lfy mf fl fn s zx mnkf k`fno+

/ @no |x mnkf hagkf l a xa xx% xzkf lga% mfk` k`k` fl

fn% mr xfn rfk k` kfgkf sn jnk k` lg xf xzk`+

/ Lfnk el% m falf a xa xfnx xfl% ll lfkf |lf n k` kfk |

fr e eo lfa kfk snk ~k xo lk` xl

/ \ lkf xzgkf `g~ `x lg n xf lkf xzgkf n fn kfk snk rfn x

n on% fak xfnk jk xfk+

:+: no ~y

/ K`yk kfk el mfk` k` y s xzkf +

/ K`yk sk y x lfa a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lk wy x+

/ Lk` x~ lk xz% n k` wyk e mnkf k`fno lk xfny+ Ha snlwyk e s ny fkf lk` x~ lk `r kfny mf mfk+

/ K`yk kfk el lk xz% xfny mnkf k`fno% ha lk` xl lfo |l

mflf fk` lfg l lfy a+


59/72



/ \k rfo xzak` k`kf xzk xf xzk` lkf xzgkf `g~ `x% n fn kfk

snk rfn ko jx l l rfk` k lkf xzgkf+

/ Fnk xk` fk` `n% fk` kfn mo lfx ek` eo lfa kno xnk sa|k rfk lg lk` x~ `no n+ Mf n fn kfk snk rfn xfk` xfa% `nr

mflf fk` rfk jnx s xnk xk` sa |k rfo+

/ F xfk` kf rfk rfn rfx xznk k ol rfn y x xfo sa

n k` kfk snk s kf rfk rfn+


60/72



Lfk`


61/72



/ Xn xfny fg lfn rf lg hagkf k`fnr jk` llf a xa s kk` lga

xzkf lg k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~+

:+ Og xzk \paxg+ L fn

/ Snx Kgo `ng kfr PXA% o lg xf xzk` xa zg l fn ek |o

rfo Lfnk|y lkf xzgkf sn xf xzk` xf `nn+ Kk` lga lfx ek` lkf

xzgkf lfa ll hagkf k`fnr |k vyx lk` kf rfk rfn |k rfo+

/ Xfy kfr lg k`n hk k`~ lk` xk`% ha kfy ly lg k`n hk

s |k rfo lg lk` x~ k`~ lk` ek

/ Ll lfkf |lf lg kf kl k`~ lk` xfk` xfak`% xa ny mnk

lfa snl v~ hk` s hy~ xz on xzk` lkf xzgkf lg n k` ega k`

xzak` kl% kk` lga kk` el eo snl lg k`n ega k`+

/ \ xnk j lg mfag fl lk` k`f% lk` k`f wyk e++ `nr lfa kk`

|yx ega k` lg k`yk kfk el xk` ek% k` hk` kfk` lk` k`f on

eo `no xfn `ngk ega k` o fny wy lk` snl zx ek+

/ Xf xzk` ega k` lfx ek` k`~ lk` lga% l fn lfa lk` x~ rfx

xznk k`yk kfk el zk` mfr k`~ lk` ek+

j+ Xflf xfl

/ Snx Kgo `ng kfr PXA xa ox xflf xfl ek xzak` snl lkf xzgkf

sn ll n xf l jnx e ll n xf kl k`an xfgo `ng sa xf xzk` jk

e lg Snx Kgo sn en xf s sk% xzkf lk` k`f% wyk e lga lr+++

/ Kf kl g zg kfk` lfkf |lf wyk e s xfy xfy kfr% `~ mf

mfk xzak` snl l `k` lg kfk snk+/ Xx fy s kfk el |a sn xf xzk`% s k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~

xzkf mfk` lga% xzak` mfn xzk xf xzk` k`yk kfk el lga k`~ lk`

k`+

l+ no okf


62/72



/ Xfk` fny Lfnk|y l mfk` kf% ny k~ | xa l kno xnk

xzak` mflf fk`% lk` kf h hk` xzak` snl xnr lk mflf fk`+

/ Ll |k rfo g zg xf xzk` l lfx ek` lga% h lkf xzgkf+ xfk` xnk k l sn k`n xny hk` xf rfn l kfk` m falf l xf+

/ L lfnk el xk` xf x lk` x~ Og|gk% l ol xny e lak k`n

Og|gk |an k`

/ Ll e el lg kfk snk xzak` kfny ko wyg | xnr xl sk e xf

okf lx en lg lk` x~

/ g jk jga rf zk` mfr% x Kgo zg Jl+ Mfy sl F Kn lg lk`

x~ JO@ wyk e l f xfk` `nga xfk` xfyk en% l | rfk j kf rfkrfn k` y% rfk` xnk sk lfy~k xfyk xnk

/ Kfk snk kk` k`% kfnx xkf% lfy mf fl fn s zx mnkf k`fno+

/ @no |x mnkf hagkf l a xa xx% xzkf lga% mfk` k`k` fl

fn% mr xfn rfk k` kfgkf sn jnk k` lg xf xzk`+

/ Lfnk el% m falf a xa xfnx xfl% ll lfkf |lf n k` kfk |

fr e eo lfa kfk snk ~k xo lk` xl

/ \ lkf xzgkf `g~ `x lg n xf lkf xzgkf n fn kfk snk rfn x

n on% fak xfnk jk xfk+

h+ no ~y

/ K`yk kfk el mfk` k` y s xzkf +

/ K`yk sk y x lfa a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lk wy x+

/ Lk` x~ lk xz% n k` wyk e mnkf k`fno lk xfny+ Ha snl

wyk e s ny fkf lk` x~ lk `r kfny mf mfk+

/ K`yk kfk el lk xz% xfny mnkf k`fno% ha lk` xl lfo |l

mflf fk` lfg l lfy a+


63/72



/ Fnk xk` fk` `n% fk` kfn mo lfx ek` eo lfa kno xnk sa

|k rfk lg lk` x~ `no n+ Mf n fn kfk snk rfn xfk` xfa% `nr

mflf fk` rfk jnx s xnk xk` sa |k rfo+Og xzk \PAX lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

On xzk` jk k`anRfk xlf

L fn & A . K`y~ l & X .

no

okf

& \ .

Xnr xl v~ hk` k`yk

kfk el lg lk` x~

fk` xfia ol xny lakk`n lg Og|gk

a xa k`yk kfk el

lg lk` x~% xzkf | xx

fy

Kn j

hagkf

k`fnr

no

~y

& P .

a xa s xy~k hk`

eo xk` | ek` s lfx

ek` k`yk kfk el

xzkf lga%

Xk hk` k`yk kfk el

xz% kk` k`% fgo fl

fn% h xnr xfy mnk xfl

on

NN+ Rfk xlf ll rfk` k a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

Rfk` k 7 Eg lfk n xk` a xa fr e% rf fr sn ekf

sl eo snl lg xk` k`n

Xzak` llf xfl eg lfk n xk` a xa j rfk rf xzlf hg sa m

falf |k vyx mnkf hagkf lg xak lk` x~ xzak` `ngn ak xn s hg sa

lfnk el a xa lg lk` x~ Og|gk mx fr sn mx wy rfk xlf lk` snl%

lk` sn snl xfia hn kfy ly a xa x j rfk @no |x mnkf hagkf |v~ hk` hgkf |lf a xa `n ek lr xzk vio vx s xzkf hy~x+

jl k~ k~ xzak` lk` x~ rfk ean zg lfa xk` lfk` xzkf+

/ n sn snl a xa jn hk` kk` lga kk` el lfa k`n ega k`

r hk` mfag fl lk` k`f on fal e lfy~k eo lk` snl lr lga


64/72



fk xf mfn vl kf n xk` a xa% ll kf wyk e g zg ll xny lf

|gy4

/ K`n ega k` rfn xfl fnk xx lk` snl fnk xn/ L mf kk` rfx xznk xzak` xk` egn

/ L k`y~k sk` l a xa s rfx xznk

/ L mf kk` fl xr% jn hk` s |k |k` s lk` x~

/ L rfo lfx a l xx

/ Mfn f a xa mfk` kf fk` fal kf fk` x xn lk` snl fnk

xn

Jk lkf lk` x~ lk l lfk` xzkf a xa lfa kfk` k`n egak` ~y mo kfo `nr f xfl fnk xx lk` snl fnk xn+ Ol h lk` xl

a xa l xf l y xnk% kfk` lk` x~ xf lf xny a xa lfa on ko

xfk` l fk lf jn | ek`+ S s~ mfn j rfk eo lk` xl a xa

kfk l hgkf |lf ll n xk` a xa xf f rfn enx m ll y xnk lg

k eg lfk n xk` y xnk kfx s `n hgkf |lf ek `no l rf

hy~x+

Xzak` hgkf |lf rfn l v~ hk` l xf n xk` a xa s h xfa

zg rfk` rfr a xa% l xf l kfk` lfn xnx enk wygk+ @no l rf

hy~x | j |gy e v~ hk` xk` m falf l xf

Rfk` k : a xa ll m kk` lfa kfk snk rf fr sn lfnk

el mnkf hagkf lg lk` x~% xzkf | xx fy lg k`yk kfk el

Snl a xa s jn hk` k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ rfn lk l sa

ol xny rfx xznk lg Lk` x~+ X % falf kf rfk` rfk a xa kfk

| xzl ox s ey hn+

Lk` x~ kk o ll er a xa% fyk ey~k en lk j wyk e xzak` xak

lk` x~ s wyk xz kfk |% kk` lga xzkf k`fnr s ll rfk` jgk+ k`


65/72



xfn% xa ny mnk lfa ll lk j wyk e l l fn xfk` xnk% o kfno ll

xzk` xzlf xzak` j o~ x lfl

Xk` lk` lk` xl a xa xn lf% o fn k`f zx mnkf k`fno lfak`n ega k`% xk` jnx e ll er k`an k` s xnk fl lfa lk j rfl

s lfnk el ey hn lg lk` x~+

Xfn `ngk xn ha o zk` xfo ll kf rfk rfn% Lk` x~ lk xy~k

xfo ega k` e kfk` l kfk% kfk snk xz l xzkf lfy~k ok lga%

rf fr sn lk` snl+ Xzl ox mo lr eo snl sn kfk` ega k` on+

V~ hk` n k` lk` kfk snk lfl l fl sk s e eyk lfkf xz

k`~ lk` lga eg kfy ly lr xfnx fnk kg~+ K mfk` lf l k`fg wy~xkf k | rfx xznk xno el mfag fl/ m xfyx/ xz el lg lk` x~+ S s~

xzak` lfkf |lf rfx xznk kfk el lg Lk` x~% rfn xfy fx kfny ega k`

l xzkf lga% kk` x e ega k` ega k`


66/72



xf | hk` ega k` enkf fax% l xf ny lfy~k |gk` s xz mfl% fal |

hk` h mnk xzak` xk` egn

/ Snl `nn wy~x ega k` h xfg4- Jyl n a xa en n sn kfk` ega k` fnk gk` eo snl mfk`

k` lfy~k ok o | ko lk` xl lk kfny

- Xfy~k lfy~k |gk` k s mfl

/ @nga kfk` kfno s l xkf kf~ lo lfa k`n l kk` el eo% l

m falf | hk` ega k` fk` xfk`+ L kfk` rfk` k h rfk`

Rfk` k 8 X lfl | hk` ega k` s | hk` ega k` fr e

mfk` k`k` kk` lga kk` |yx ega k`% xk` hagkf xfy+ Xzk l| | hk` kfk` rfk` rfr wyk e fnk n l r hk` ll xnk j m

xfyx s lk` k`f xnk xnk% r k` | k`fnr lk` k`fnr fg% fnk n

fg+ Lk` sn | |r vr s l ly en ox | wyk e lg kf rfk rfn%

kfk | lg Lk` x~ lk` l j xz en lfa rf fr sn | xfg~ n xzk lfa

rf fr

J xz kfk` k`n wyk e rf fr sn mf kk` s xzkf wyk e lg

f xzak` ll kf rfk rfn s xzak` xk` n k` kfk snk+ Lf xzk` xkf

kk` k`% |k` xa l kk` el s xzkf lg k`n wyk e `nn f rfx

fy~ fx kk` el lg okf+

Lk |r vr | ek` k`n wyk e fr e fk xa ox l ly rf

fr kfx xzak` lk` x~ s xzak` xk` j rfk+ Lk xa zg | ek` lk` snl

rf fr sn lfl kk` xzkf xkf xzk` xfny fg~ xfg lk` snl lk` kf

xfg k`n xzak` lfl kk` +

NNN+ Eg lfk lfnk el kfo fak xfnk lk` xl a xa s rfx xznk

k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo

Fnk kg~ k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~ lfg l xzkf zx kfny% |

ek` kfk snk mfk` l a xa jn jk% eo xfia mnkf k`fno% xzkf


67/72



fl sk mfl kfgy% mf kk` xnr xfy s mf kk` r hk` sa lk` snl mfl

kfgy+ \ ek` lk j% kfk snk l kk` el e zx fk lf+ Ha eg

lfk l lfnk el kk` lga xzkf lfyk` lg xak j kfk snk e sk s lk` mf mfk+ Ha s~ lfnk el a xa s rfx xznk sk rfn kfo

sa n k` kfk snk% ~ okf snl fl xr xn lf% lf kk` lga kk`

el lfa kfk` kfk snk l xno kk`+S~ rfk` k lfnk el o hagkf

k`fnr l xf eg lfk e4 Kk` lga lfx ek` a xa s rfx xznk k`yk

kfk el mx fr sn ~ okf lk` xl `no |x s v~ hk` l ly x lfl

fr e+

x l lfnk el h zg% lk` x~ rfn l m falf fkf k` lxf% rf fr% `k mx sn ll lfnk el mfl+

\k rfo mnkf hagkf lg lk` x~ e |k rfo l xfk` fny ek+

Lfnk/|y `n s xz | 7 xzak` k`kf xfl rfo `ng s 8 ko enk &x

:228 k :220. xfia jkf lfk lg k`n xny hk` xak wyl xzak` lfk`

xzkf Fk` Snx Kgo Lfx ek` lga ha ja \n @k xnr xf x lfl+

Xfk` fny LFNK\Y ko xzak` Xar/xik ll xfk` fny Snx Kgo

k`kf fk` Xfl rfo # yk` jga `o ll xfk` fny wyl x &Xfia

jkf lfk lg SLLN rfn fr sn Lk` x~ Enci Oihng s Lk` x~ k`fnk ly

xf xzk` GLKnie|ik x lfl.+

Lr Sk` Xfk` fny Snx Ja s |l mfa s rfx xznk lk` k`

:229+

k` xf 0 xzak` k`kf fk` vx ll ean xn xf xzk` K`g+

NS+ @nn rfr x lfl xfl fnk lfnk el

7+ \ax vx ny lfkf fak xfnk l ly x lfl xfia ol xny lfnk el

Ll kf wyk xz lfnk el l lk` llf kf kfk s wygk no kfk

okf xo wygk xzk` lg snl xn l ly j o~ wyk e lfa rf fr sn


68/72



lfnk el on+Xfg~ n lfnk el | xfg~ n llf xfl mx ly hagkf

k`fnr% snl xfg~ n l ly x lfl e sk xfik lfx xzak` `ngn ak xfl

fnk lfnk el+ L ly x lfl zk` jyl llf xfl o ll k`yk el |l rfk lfng kfk xfl fnk ll ol xny lfnk el ox llf l fny wy+

7+7+ On wygk f jnk lfk` `ng lfnk el sn l ly x lfl+

Lfnk el l xfl fnk xfkf lk` fg~ mfk` x~ xfyl sa ll fax

hk` lg x lfl l rfk lfng% |r vr s rfn fr kf xf ka+ Snl a

xa kk` lga xzkf lg k`yk kfk el hk k l | sx xzn s mf kk`

lk` kf fl sk+ gn e k`n l mf kk` ekf a% wyk e | l kfk

kfk s l ly x lfl rfn l | xfg~ n lfa rf fr sn kfk` lfnk el

on+ L ly x lfl lk` rf fr sn lfnk el jga kfny% lk` xa zg l

og~ xfl fnk lfnk el xfkf lk` j~ kfny+

7+:+ Ll kfk x kf fk` k l ly x lfl

L fgn fk` lf ~y xfg~ n l ly x lfl4

/ Rfx xznk l ly x lfl% xnk fkf v~ hk` l ly x lfl on rf

fr+/ @n mny l ly l% lf xfg~ n x lfl lfa rf fr sn lfnk el

lfk+

n sn lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo lfk fk` xf :+

Kfk x xl k` k l ly x lfl4

- Ol jnk k` lg on xzk` mnkf hagkf s lfnk el xk`

wyx+

- Wy~ o s ol rfl xr lg l ly fnk xn lk` kf lfnk elrfx xznk |k vyx+ & o zk` fg~ xfy fr g jk mnkf hagkf .

- Xzkf r hk` mfag fl lk` k`f% wyk e o hagkf k`fnr

vl kf


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- Xfn lg jgk ekf a s lg n k` kfk` k`n ega k` xzak`

lk` x~ n sn sk xfg~ n l ly x lfl+

7+


70/72



/ X lfl v~ hk` wy~ lf kf `n mx wy fak xfkf lk` snl lfa

rf fr sn l xf xn lk` x~ s xk` kf rfk rfn% o ja xkf mf xfn

lga+:+ V~ hk` m falf a xa s rfx xznk k`yk kfk el

/ kf `n % mfa |x k`yk kfk el lg lk` x~

/ V~ hk` s eg lfk m falf a xa


71/72



Mx eyk

Fa lfyk` sn vy xf rfx xznk lg kk mnkf x xf `nn% kk mnkf x Snx

Kgo lk` l kfny lfy~k jnk k` m+ Xzak` `ngn ak k~% sn wy xzkf

LKF/ FF x kl% xzkf lg ega k` k`~ lk` l ln xfnk% kfy

ly lg lak k`n xnk xn jl xfgk` lyn lg o fkf og|eap% e kfy

ly x mfk` kf okf+ K`an snl lak k`n x xo lfa okf kfk` mnk

xfl m kk` on% ox | x lfl xa on ny mnk xx kfx kfo a xa s

rfx xznk k`yk kfk el lg okf+ Ko xzak` vy xf kf s~ lk` x~ XKFF

JO@ Snx Kgoeyk lf xzk` lk` xl a xa% lan ~ kf ox lfnk el

ey hn xzak` m falf mnkf hagkf lg Lk` x~+ K`yk kfk el e ox xzak`

kfk` kfk x wygk xzk` kfx wy~x kf xn fny wy mnkf hagkf% s e kfk

x mfk` kf l s xf lg lk` x~ XKFF JO@ Snx Kgo xzak` on

xzk` lkf xzgkf k`~ lk` `g~ `x fnk kg~+

\gy ox xfn `ngk k`k xfl xr xn lk` x~% io n xo fny lfk`

xzkf a xa lg lk` x~ x xk` xf k lfn xnx% xo zg l kfk` xf okf

lg lfk` xzkf a xa+ Hg xzk kfk` xn eny k`fnk ly xzak` xfn `ngkwyg io okf hk g zg kfk` rfk` k kfo k` `r ox rfk ka

v~ hk` lfk` xzkf a xa k`~ lk` fak xfnk fk+


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Xn eny xfgo mfa

7+ Rfo l Xfkf 4 Wyk xz kfk el KVJ Xfk` m F Kn/7>>6

:+ K`y~k Fy Xfk 4 Wyk xz kfk | KVJ Xfk` m/ :227

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