Benzen v ng ngA- ng ng - ng phn - danh php CH3 CH3 CH3 Benzen Metylbenzen Toluen CH3 CH3 CH2-CH3

1,3-dimetylbenzen 1,2-dimetylbenzen etylbezen meta-xilen ortho-xilen

B- Tnh cht vt l Bezen l cht lng, khng mu, c mi thm c trng, nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc. C- Tnh cht ho hc I- Phn ng th 1- Th H nhn bezen - Th halogen (Cl2, Br2) vi xc tc Fe, to: H +Fe, to

Br + HBr CH3 Br

Br2

CH3

+ Br2

Fe, to

+ HBr +

CH3 Br

Phn ng tun theo quy tc th vng bezen. - Th nitro (-NO2) vi xc tc H2SO4 c, to: H + HO-NO2H2SO4, toc

NO2 + H2O

CH3

+ HO-NO2

H2SO4, toc

CH3 NO2 CH3 NO2 + H2O

+ H2O

Phn ng tun theo quy tc th vng bezen. 2- Th H mch nhnh CH3 + Br2

askt

CH2- Br + HBr

1

CH2-CH3 (sn phm chnh)

Br-CHCH3askt

+ HBr

+ Br2 (sn phm ph) II- Phn ng cng 1- Cng hidro

CH-CH2Br

+ HBr

t + 3H2o

Ni,

2- Cng clo C6H6 + 3Cl2 D- iu ch

as

C6H6Cl6

3CH CH

C, 600oC

E- mt s hidrocacbon thm khc : isopren - naptalen CH = CH2 Naptalen 1- Phn ng trng hp isopren CH = CH2 2- Phn ng cng Cng hidro: CH = CH2 Cng brom: CH = CH2 CH2- CH3

isopren

trng hp

(- CH -

to

Ni,

+ 4H2 CHBr - CH2Br

+ Br2

f- Bi tp Bi 1 Ti sao ni benzen va c tnh cht ca hir cacbon no va c tnh cht ca hir cacbon khng no? Ly v d chng minh. Bi 2 Cho s bin ho: +NaOH, + CuO, to + o o tA1 A2 A4 Ag2O/NHA3 3,t + Cl2 A +NaOH, as +H2SO4 Trng hp to B1 B3 polime c B2 o170 C

Bit A l etylbezen. T l mol ca A vi Cl2 l 1:1. Xc nh A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3 v hon thnh s phn ng trn.

2

Bi 3 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s bin ho sau (cc cht hu c vit di dng cng thc cu to)Br2, Fe

A1 A4 A7dd NaOH,to

dd NaOH c d, to cao, p cao

A2

A3

dd HCl dd HCl

Toluen

Br2, askt

dd NaOH cA to cao, p cao 6 d, A5

A8

CuO, to

A9

Ag2O/NH3, to

A10

Bit A1, A2, A7 l cc ng phn c cng thc phn t C7H7Br. 2. Cht hu c B l ng phn ca A3 cha vng bezen. B khng phn ng c vi kim loi kim. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca B thi H v C khi A- 2004 Bi 4 a) T than , vi v cc cht v c cn thit, vit phng trnh iu ch o-bromonitrobenzen v p-bromonitrobenzen. b) Dng mt thuc th hy nhn bit 3 cht lng benzen, toluen, stiren ng trong ba l ring bit. Bi 5 Cho cc cht: C6H5-CH3 ; C6H5-CH2-CH3 ; C6H5Br ; C6H5NO2 ; C6H5COOH Vn dng quy tc th vng benzen, vit cc phng trnh phn ng (dng cng thc cu to) khi cho cc cht trn ln lt tc dng vi: 1- Br2 lng, xc tc bt Fe v un nng? 2- Dung dch HNO3 c, xc tc H2SO4 c v un nng? Bi 6. T benzen, toluen vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch: Brombenzen; nitrobenzen; o-bromnitrobenzen; m-bromnitrobenzen; 1,3dinitrobenzen bromtoluen ; o-nitrotoluen; xiclohecxan; metylxiclohecxan.

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