סיכום הנדסת תוכנה AnnaLotker

7/23/2019 AnnaLotker

1/39

(... , ,)

20/10/13

.

.

:

.

a. -.

'.

.

..b.' . - -1

PHP. .

.

..

.2 ,

,.

.

Enterprise vs. mass market.

'.

.

(: )

.3 .

.,.4

., ,,: .5

/ .6 .,

,.7 .

.

. . ,

.

-Life cycle models

.


2/39

.waterfall model

.

...

.

. ,-

. , ,.

Unit testing . .

, .-.

( ) .

. , ,.

.-UI. .

, 3:

? .

. . ,, :

.

.,

. -

V- model

Req.-> high level design - > detailed design - > code -> unit test -> integration test -> acc. Test

,V .

Req. Unit test

High level design Integration test

Detailed design Acc. Test

Code

.,

.

The design of design , . .

System/360 "."

OS/360

-61IBM .

. .

.

-waterfall model :

-

-

-

- .

. , , -


3/39

" .

.( ' ) .

.

. .

.

:

. .,

. .2

, , .3 .

-71 .-2131

.

.

:

3

. . .

. . ".2

. . .

.3 ."

.

.

. .

.

.

.

."

. .

20/10/13

UML.-UML

:

. -

. /

.

.


4/39

.to do list .

:

(.)use case-

. -

Class Diagram

(.use case )

. , .

- . ,

members.-operations((Attributes

:vis Name:type=default -Attribute

:Visibility

+ public

-private

# protected

. Class Diagram

.

:

Association , . .

Composition, Aggregation-

., , :. ,

Aggregation,.( -)

Composition .Dependency--Aggregation.()

:

.

. ,

.

- .

- : '

! .

:

.1

.2 .

. .

.3


5/39

327/10/13

. .

. .

.

. . :

.

.2

.3

.4

, .5 "

. .

,,

- :

:

,

,

:

.

. , -

. . .

.

.

" ."

.

:

. 2

) :3 , ),(

(

. :3

" .

?


6/39

.2 .

.3

, ,.',,

. ,

.

. .'

.EVO

. .-

:

.deliver . -

.

- , . -

. ,

. .

. .( =)

If you dont know what youre doing, dont do it on a large scale, T. Gilb

, . ,

.

. ""

?

.

. .2

.

. .3

.

.4

.5

. ,, .6

.7-

6

.

:

, .

.


7/39

?

, .

.- ,

.

.

:

.

.

. .

.,


8/39

Interaction Diagrams: 2

.Collaboration Diagrams

2.Sequence Diagrams

,

. .

Collaboration Diagrams

) . ,(

-Use Case .',.-Use Case

.

.

"."

*[cond.] method(param) .

..

Sequence Diagrams

."()".

(. )-

.-

.

.

"X= "destroyed-

403/11/13

"":

' .

35 .

:

.Unified process

2.UML

3.Rational Rose toolset

3 .IBM.-

,) . ?

(.

, ? , ,

, .

.


9/39

:

-4 -

--Use cases-UML . ,

-

., ,-

, .

:

.

: 3. .

., , .

-Use cases. .

.,,, .2

" . .

.-3,".

.3

..

. . ,

: 2

Uses Cases . .

Proto type.

UML-. , . . ( )

.

.-UML ,

,.-Use Cases

.

.-Use Cases .

Use Cases , . .

. .

, , . , .

.

.

. ?

.


10/39

.-workflow

. .

. .

,.

. . .

.

.

..

.

. -

. ,

. ,-,.

(.,WEB), ,

. ,

:

.

403/11/13

510/11/13

Agile. .,-211-2-'

. ,

.

:4.)"" ).

. .

" .

.

. ?

.2 , . .

. , ,


11/39

,"- . ,

.,"

.3 .

. .

.4 .

. .

"" . :Freeze

the world. .

. '.:Feature creep

. '

' .

. .

.

:

. (.) :-

./ :-

.:-

. , :-

.

. ,

. ? .

.,"" ?'

. .

. ,

' , .

? ?.

, .

.'' .

:

.". -'

-' .,

,. .

.

-' .,.


12/39

'

. . ,

. , ,

.

-' . ,

, '. , .

' , .

. .'

. /'

. .'

.

'

.

' . .

,'

. .-

. .

.' , '

. .

, .

'

(.) .

.

. .code review'

. .

. , ,

User story-Use case. .

.Test scenarios .

,

.

.

. . .

.-release

- ., ..

.project velocity ,

. ,-release plan

.

:. .

.


13/39

:

"." .-Stand Up meeting .

. ,

. ,',

. , .

"" ,..

.

. , ,

.

.

.

." .8 ? .

.

?

. :.

DrivenFormal?Prototype?DeliverDevModule

Req. planRep. doc.

Des. Doc.

VbanglinearWaterfall

Minimize the

Risk

?VBangIterativeSpiral

Value for the

costumer

-N/AIncrementalIterativeEVO

RiskUMLVBangIterativeUP

Value for the

costumer

-N/AIncrementaliterativeAgile

, :' ?

'

All or nothing CORE

,

' .


14/39

5-10/11/13

?

. .

.2

.3

.-State charts

. - .

Class courses {

enum regist; /*open,close,follow*/

enum state; /*future, active,finished*/

enum task; /*none,ex1, ex2*/

.,,

:

.: - ,:. -

CLEAR .

. -:.2

. - .

.

617/11/13

.

.-waterfall -

waterfall. -75

.

. E-typesystem.-E Embedded, ,

, , .

.

./8

). :(

. , .

.


15/39

, , .2

.,.

.3 .

.

.4 .

. - . ..5

. , ""

.

. ..6

. .7

.

. .8

.

. .

,( , )

:

. - , .

, .-

.

- .

,. :. ,

"."

.release.

releases:-2.

o . ,

.,, ,

. .

o, ,, .

. . ".

?

, . , . -delivery

.release, ,

. ,,

. :.-1,

'.' .

:


16/39

, .release.

.

. -release

upgrade . , .

. .-

. .2

:

(.). -

11 ..

, . -

. .

.

, . .

.

.

-3211-linux

Merge window .-release

.-release .

.-releases .

.

. "

, . .

. .

Release.

.

, ) - .

.81-71 (.

, .

?. ,.

.

, . ,

.

.

.


17/39

Continuous Deployment

."", , :

. ,

. .versions releases

deployment .

Facebook

.QA . .

. .

. Gate keeper. .

, .

A-B .

.

, .

.

.

:

.

. .

.

. .

.

2 ..E-max

. -C

, . services

.

.

.

: ".

". . '

.

.

'6-17/11/13

SCRUM.' .


18/39

: User .

stories.

,,: 4.,

.

.

, . -. .

:

Product owner,.

Scrum master

Team member

Product backlog

Spting backlog

. -task board

Sprint planning-

Daily scrum.

.

Product owner . . ,

. .

.User stories.-backlog .

. .,

Scrum master . .

. ,

.

. .

Team- , " .

.

. . ,,

. .'

, .

.

Product backlog'. .

Sprint backlog- .Tasks-.

. -product owner.Tasks

Task Board- ,Sprint backlog.

.


19/39

Burndown Chart-". .

.

. .

.

. .

:

:-2.

. .

. .

.-scrum manager .2 ."

. . .

."

". ""?". .

, . .

? .,

.

Sprint review.. .-product owner

.

Sprint Rstrospective-Scrub master .

.

:

. -

- .

.. -

.

'724//3

. .OOP

,-FLOW , Design

. -top level design

., , .., .

. ,,

. .

. .

.

, ,. .

.


20/39

:

. , . .

. .2

.3

.4 ,:

,frame works.5

:

,.-61. .

,

,-71,61. ,

.-KWIC . .

.3 .,

, . 3

(. ).

. UML,

. : .4

.4Pipe- line, flow ", ,

. ,( )

41 .

.

41, ,

. . ., . ,

.

. ,

.

.

. , . ,

. .

.

.,

?

,-

-

( .)-

()-


21/39

-

Understandability-

Flexibility-

maintainability

: Coupling . .,

.

.

Cohesion . ..

Cohesion- :

Incidental cohesion- , !.

.

Logical cohesion ., .

. , , ' , -device,(ioctl

(.

Temporal cohesion (init, config).

Procedural/Sequential cohesion .

(.(flow .

Communicational cohesion .

Functional cohesion .//

.

Type/Data/Information cohesionADT(Abstract Data Type.)

Coupling:

Common coupling .

Control coupling , . .

Stamp coupling , .

.

Data coupling .

,coupling .

!:Dont talk to strangers

. :myDept(),getHead(), getSec(),getPhone().

. .

. ,():myDept(),contactHead ?

.

. " ".

.


22/39

724//3

.

:'. :

. .

User case:User-> Simulator .

.

.

!

9)821213 )

.

, . . ,

,

.

. ,6

.-switch/case,-Quick Sort

. .

., .

P-Q,TRUEFALSE.P,TRUEQ

TRUE.:

Pre: {(x>=0) and (y>0)}

Post: {(r


23/39

. ,

.

.

Feature , public.

Is ,-feature./=!=.

. ..1

.-do ,.-

Require -Ensure,-Pre condition ..-Post condition

Invariant, .

. . . " "

.2 , ...

.

.2

-.-Post conditionPre condition -

.-Super

. . ,

-Post , .

. .Pre conditions

? -

Pre condition .

.

.-Post conditions

.-Production -Testing :

.

, .

: .-C

Assert/except. , ,

.""

Defensive prog.. asserts .

" ".


24/39

Substitution .SSubtypeT, ST

). .is aISA.( ,

,TSubtypeS. .LSP

.S T

::

-return-subtype-super type.

. -subtype.

, .

.

Subtypes -,

.

.

History -S,T , .-subtype .

,-subtype .

, .((-T

Test

T T S

.T . ,ST

.. .

? . .-subtype

.

)18/2/3 )8

. .List of constitution

Pre- condition{x>=0}

r=sqrt(x)

Post- condition{r^2=x}

{x>0}

l=log(x)

{e^l=x}


25/39

{s>>0}

bank_deposit(s)

{balace=old+s}

{s>0 and s


26/39

Class AutoController{

setRef(t){

IOwrite(reg,t)

}

getTemp(){}

adjustTemp(){/*empty*/}

}

:

. :-AdjustTemp Adjust .1

.

. -Adjust .

.init? init , -device.

init . device,

. ,-reference

,, . adjust

. -

11)21213 )9

. testing

, /

. .

.

?test

:=: ) (.-spec-""

, ,. " .

.". , ,,

.

:.2 =

Black box . . -spec

. ..

. .,

: '

.(:fft(v1,v2,n.

,:n=0.


27/39

-4

. ,

,.

.

White box-spec,..control-data.

Data flow .:

definition(x:=) ..

use(:=f(x))- ,Expression.

data flow , .use-definition

use (. , )

test cases .

.

Control flow. ..

.Statement coverage- . . .

. .

. -if

2.Branch coverage- -branch:-if-else

-statement coverage .-case .-branch coverage

2.

3.Path coverage- .

:,

. . . ,,.regression testing

.

test cast . . .2

.

Test cases

. .

), .,inspection

, -static analysis

.(. . ,

. .

:inspection

.peer review. , ,

. .

2.walk through , .

.. ,


28/39

.

." ".

3.formal inspection[Fagan inspection] .'.

:.

Moderator. .

Reader . , . :-author. . .

Inspectors. .

.

Recorder. .

.

.

:

.

.-specificationInspection-design.

Capers Jones

. .

delivery ,

. ,

, ,

,inspection. ,

.

. .

.defect.cost per defect.

.

. ." "

.-defect,

. . ,

, .defect per function cost

) .( ..-defect potential

. :

-formed inspection . .

. 211

. .

Inspection .-defect .

. -defect

,formed inspection

. .

.


29/39

. .-defects

. .-defect

. .

11)21213 )9

Bool getDetails(string &name, string id)

//read full name & id, and verify that:

//1) All names start with capital

//2) ID is valid

.test cased

, ,

. :

RationalResultIDName

T012345678Moshe

Fmoshe

.. F1Moshe

..

F01234567890Moshe

Id F999999999"Moshe

F moshe

F12345678123

FM123, 0Moshe

F

.. FMoshe

+ T08Moshe Levi

Moshe levi

+ Mosh Levi!

Moshe 123

.. Moshe12345678

.. 0 1234567 8Moshe

.. 0-1234567-8Moshe

Null null

.:Tim ORiley ,:

., .

Verify , .

. -,

, .

name-ID .


30/39

RatResIDName

tabFlegalMoshe \t levy

FlegalMoshe _ _ Levy

1)921213 )18

.

.

-maintenance

-Corrective maintenance: "+security.

-Adaptive maintenance: .- " "-

.-?-] .maintenance-delivery

.

. [

:

.Concept Localization control flow..

. "

2.Impact Analysisdata flow, def-use.

:

-Code comprehension .

.

-Reverse Engineering- -impacr-security.

analysis.

. .,Code comprehension

Code complexity

.

?

-LOC=Lines Of Code

-

-

-

-goto .:if, switch, for, goto -

. ""


31/39

.-

.,:-

-LOC-phys.,NBNC,stmt

-MCC-McCabes Cyclomatic Comp.. (for,if,)+1..

-MCC.- . 1

-Structure complexity .

Cin- MCC,fan-in ,fan-out .

2)2/2/3 )1

:3

. -

- - , .

13)8528214 )11

, .

. .-

.

. .

,-75 (.(mm

. .Man month

, -man month

= . .

..

,

.

.

.

. ,

.

Size

.

. -statement.Lines of code

). " , .

, (.-requirements


32/39

,,state cases

.

.JAVA . . ,

. Function Points

. .-information system-71-IBM.black box

.databasemain frame ,

. .

-71 .

. fp .

, ,4-7 .fp

. ..

( ).

.51

. .

-71.COCOMO2 .COCOMO .

,

.

.high risk ,

. early design .-post architecture

.

?

.4

2

.20%-

.

, . .-KLoC .-COCOMO2

.

. :

.

.,

.

-


33/39

. -6

.

...-

. ,,- .

Scaling factors .

. .,

-unify project-use case?? )?

(., , ,

. . use cases

. ?

.-use cases

. US=-use cases.

TECH= .. ,.

' .

, " . '

. .User stories.

.

, .

. .

., ,

. .

, ,

.

,4181 ! ,.

,

. .

. . ,

'- .

. ' '

'.'

() .


34/39

'

.

F

13)8528214 )11

Revision control

.

. -71

(.(add ()repository

(.(working copy

.edit(check in, commit.)-working copy

- . ,

working copy. ,-desktop.

:

. check out. .

. check in .

.

. ",

.

. commit .merge .2

commit .

.

.

-commit .

. .


35/39

,diff. .

diff . .

.Subversion CVS

Distributive V.C.

. . .

, .

.Push ,Pull

Flow

.pull-

2.update

3.edit

4.-Update+pull

-

-push+commit

change set-patchPush *

14)128214 )1

Watts Humphrey-IBM. -IBM CMM,PSP,TSP .

. .

. . .

:

, . -

.

.-


36/39

-

..

.-

. -

PSP, .'/

TSP-CMM.

CMM.

. /

.', .

.

CMM

. " .71

,. ?. .

. ?

.-CMM

.-2111 -71 .

.,

"(" : )5

. . , ..

. .

. . .2

, .

.-regression testing test,-QA

... .3

. . , .

:

.4 .-5

, . .,

. . ,.5

.

:

.

"" "H , . /

.

.

.

.

. .


37/39

.

. . ...

.

PSP

.

. ',,.

.

SPS1

.

. .

. .(")"

, . .

.

...

PSP.

,

.

. .

. . .

.

. .

.? ., .

.

.,

? . ,PROxy

. . ,

.

., .


38/39

.:

. .

, .

..

. ,

., ? ,

.

.

, .

.,

PSP2

.code reviews-Design reviews.

.

PSP3

.- WATERFALL ,

.

.'.

TSP

, . -PSP .'

.

.,

. , .

?

, .

EVO ,-functional

requirements. , .

,.Capacity .

. "

:

. ,

, .2

: ..3

, -

-


39/39

- .

,. . .

. .

, .

14)128214 )1

:

-FAA AAS ".3..

. . .

design,5 . .IBM

.

-

Documents

סיכום הנדסת תוכנה AnnaLotker