Th no l kim th hp en, c nhng loi kim th no

Th no l kim th hp en, c nhng loi kim th no?

Cu 4: Th no l kim th hp en, trong kim th hp en c nhng loi kim th no?- Th no l kim th hp en:

+ K thut kim th hp en hay cn gi l kim th hng d liu hay kim th hng vo/ra. Trong k thut ny, ngi kim th xem phn mm nh l mt hp en. Ngi kim th hon ton khng quan tm n cu trc, hnh vi bn trong phn mm. Ngi kim th ch quan tm n vic tm ra cc hin tng m phn mm khng x l theo ng c t ca n v v th d liu kim th s xut pht t c t.+ Kim th hp en c gng tm cc li:

* Cc chc nng thiu hoc khng ng.

* Cc li giao din.

* Cc li cu trc d liu trong vic truy cp csdl bn ngoi.

* Cc li thi hnh.

* Cc li khi to hoc kt thc.

* Cc li khc.

+ Kim th hp en p dng cho cc giai on sau ca kim th.

- Kim th hp en c 7 loi kim th.

+ Kim th phn hoch lp gi tr tng ng.KN: Phn lp tng ng l mt phng php kim th hp en chia min u vo ca chng trnh thnh cc lp d liu, t suy dn ra cc ca kim th. Phng php ny c gng xc nh ra mt ca kim th m lm l ra mt lp li, do lm gim tng s cc trng hp kim th phi c xc nh.K THUT:

B1: Xc inh cc lp tng ng.

B2: To mt test case ng vi mi lp tng ng.

- Cc loi u vo khc nhau yu cu cc kiu lp tng ng khc nhau. Chng ta tha nhn rng quan im v vic test c tnh bo v ca c test u vo hp l v khng hp l. Vic test cc u vo khng hp l l thng l ni cho ta nhiu pht hin li. u vo c 4 kh nng:

+ Nu u vo nh r gii hn ca mt mng th c mt kiu lp cho cc gi tr hp l, 2 lp cho cc gi tr khng hp l, mt lp bn di lp hp l v mt lp trn n.

+ Nu u vo l mt gi tr xc nh th y c mt lp ph hp v hai lp khng ph hp.+ Nu iu kin u vo ch l mt tp gi tr th chia vng tng ng thnh hai tnh hung l mt lp tng ng hp l v mt lp tng ng ko hp l.

+ Nu iu kin u vo xc n l mt kiu ng/sai th chia vng tng ng thnh hai tnh hung l mt lp hp l v mt lp ko hp l.

- ng dng v hn ch:

+ Kim th s lm gim ng k s lng test case phi c to ra thc hin, n ph hp vi cc h thng c nhiu d liu u vo v nhn gi tr trong cc min hay trong cc tp.

+ Kim th ng dng mc kh n v, tch hp, h thng, kim th chp nhn, tt c cc yu cu ca n l u vo hay u ra m c th c phn chia da theo yu cu h thng.

+ Kim th bin i trng thi. (State-transition Testing)Khi nim: Trng thi l mt iu kin m trong h thng phi ch i mt hay nhiu s kin. Cc trng thi ghi nh cc s kin u vo v h thng nhn c trong qu kh, v nhng phn hi ca h thng i vi cc s kin k tip theo nu chng xy ra. Cc s kin ny c th gy ra s bin i cc trng thi v hoc cc hnh ng pht sinh. Trng thi nhn chung c biu din bng mt hay nhiu bin trong h thng.

- S chuyn tip: Th hin s bin i t trng thi ny sang trng thai khc.

- Biu trng thi biu din mt thc th c th, n m t h thng quy tc v cc tng tc phc tp ch trong nhng k hiu nh gn. cc bng trng thi bao gm 4 ct: Trng thi, s kin, hnh ng v trng thi tip theo.- S kin l ci g tc n lm h thng bin i trng thi.

- Hnh ng l hnh ng c bt u khi c s bin i trng thi.

u im ca bng chuyn trng thi:

- Lit k tt c cc kt ni ca trng thi c th, khng ch nhng kt ni hp l.

- Test tt c cc trng thi l iu cn thit bao gm c cc trng thi chuyn i m c th l khng hp l. Bng chuyn trng thi c th pht hin nhng s kt hp trc khng c nhn bit, c th gii quyt cc yu cu h thng.

Nhc im:

Bng c th m rng rt nhanh nu h thng c nhiu s kin v trng thi, m hu ht cc trong bng u b trng(lng ph).

- To cc test case:

+ To mt tp cc test case m tt c cc trng thi c i qua t nht mt ln, y l test mc yu.+ To mt tp cc test case m tt c cc s kin u c kch hot t nht mt ln, y cng l test mc yu.

+ To mt tp cc test case m tt c cc l trnh u c thc hin t nht mt ln, mc test ny c quan tm hn do mc bao ph ca n tuy nhin ko d thc hin

+ To ra mt tp cc test case m tt c cc s kin chuyn i u c kim tra t nht mt ln, test mc ny cho ta mt mc test bao ph nhng ko sinh ra s lng test ln.

K Thut:

B1: Son tho bng trng thi - s kin

B2: Son tho cy chuyn tip.

B3: Son tho tp lnh th nghim kim tra cc trng hp hp l.

B4: Son tho tp lnh th nghim kim tra cc trng hp ko hp l.

B5: Son tho tp lnh th nghim bo v.

+ Nu s bo v gm mt iu kin m gi mt gi tr bin sau s bo v l mt i tng phn tch gi tr bin.

+ Nu s bo v l mt iu kin phc tp sau s bo v ny c bao ph bi nguyn tc bao ph iu kin/ quy nh c sa i.

ng dng v hn ch:

- Gip ta nhn dng trng thi, s kin, s chuyn tip cn c kim th.

- Biu khng hu dng trong trng hp h thng ko c trng thi hay khng cn phi p tr cc s kin thi gian thc t bn ngoi h thng

+ Kim th gi tr bin (boundary value testing)- KN: L kim th da trn gi tr bin ca vng d liu hp l, vic kim th ny nhm mc ch h thng s khng chp nhn cc d liu nm bn ngoi vng d liu hp l. v ch chp nhn cc d liu nm bn trong(bao gm c bin).

K thut:

B1: xc nh cc lp tng ng.

B2: xc nh bin tng ng vi mi lp tng ng.

B3: to cc test case cho mi gi tr bin bng cch chn mt im trn bin, mt im ngay di bin v mt im ngay trn bin

ng dng v hn ch:

+ Kim th gi tr bin c th lm gim ng k s lng cc test case m ng l phi c to ra v thc hin, n ph hp nht vi cc h thng m nhiu d liu u vo nhn gi tr trong cc min hay cc tp hp.

+ Kim th gi tr bin p dng kim th mc n v, tch hp h thng v chp nhn. tt c cc yu cu ca n l tt c cc u vo c th phn chia v cc bin c th c xc nh da vo yu cu ca h thng.

+ Kim th bng quyt nh(decision table testing).Cc bc thc hin:

B1: Lp bng quyt nh.

B2: Xy dng bng testcase.

ng dng v hn ch:

+ p dng cho h thng kt hp nhiu iu kin phc tp vi nhau.

+ a ra cc testcase tng ng.

+ Tn nhiu thi gian

+ Kim th cp gi tr(pairwise testing)l s dng bng trc giao

Cc bc thc hin:

B1: nh ngha bin gm trnh duyt, h iu hnh, server.

- Trong mt ct gi tr ca n l gi tr ca bin, mi bin l mt ct

- C quyn thm bin rt gn bng

B3: Lp s test

- in gi tr vo bng trc giao sao cho xo trn l ng u

B4: nh l s d trung ha

+ Kim th phn tch min(Domain Analys Testing)Khi nim: Phn min l mtk thutc thcs dngxc nh cc cakim th hiu qu khic thnhiu bin s. Nxy dngtng qut trnk thut phn lp tng ngvth nghimgi trbinvinkchthcng thi.Ging nhnhngk thut,chng ta tm kimcc vtrmccbincxc nhhocthc hinkhng ng.Hng dn qu trnh phn minMt s nh nghaim nm bn trn bin (off) l im c gi tr khng nm trn binimnm trong bin (in) l im c mtgi trtha mntt c iu kin binnhngkhngnmtrn bin.imnm ngoibin (out) l im cmtgi trkhngtha mn tt ciu kinbin.Chncc im nm trn bin (in) v cc im nm khng nm trn bin(off) l cc imphc tpc thxut hin.Bin ng( c xc nhbicc iu kin ,php ton so snh ngang bng, ngha l:, hoc=) ccimnm trnbin (on)c avomin,th imphi nmtrn bin (on)vcbao hm trong min.imkhng nm trn bin (off) khng c a vo min.Nhn xt-Phn minto iu kinth nghimnhiu bin scng mt lc.Nrt hu chbi vchng tahim khic thi gian to ra ccca kim th chomibin trongh thngca chng ta.Gi trcamtbinny hn ch ccgi trchp nhn c ca bin khc,li nht nhkhng thpht hinbng cch kim traccbin ring.-Xy dng k thut phn mintng quttrn k thut phn lp tng ng vk thut th nghimgi trbinvin kch thcng thi.Nhnhngk thut khc ,chng ta tm kimcc v tr mbinc thc hinkhng ng.-S dngk thutphnmin1x1i vi tngiu kin (,>,,hoc